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WHAT IS MITOSIS?
Meiosis is a process where a single cell divides twice to produce four cells containing half the original amount of genetic information. These cells are our sex cells – sperm in males, eggs in females. Mitosis versus meiosis Facts. Cells divide and reproduce in two ways, mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells TIMELINE: HISTORY OF GENOMICS Timeline: History of genomics. A timeline depicting the key events in the history of genomics and genetic research alongside those in popular culture. From the discovery of DNA, and the election of Roosevelt, right through to whole genome sequencing and Andy Murray winning Wimbledon for the first time. WHAT IS GENETIC ENGINEERING? What is genetic engineering? Genetic engineering, sometimes called genetic modification, is the process of altering the DNA in an organism’s genome.; This may mean changing one base pair (A-T or C-G), deleting a whole region of DNA, or introducing an additional copy of a gene.; It may also mean extracting DNA from another organism’s genome and combining it with the DNA of that individual.WHAT ARE HELMINTHS?
What are helminths? Helminths are worm-like parasites that survive by feeding on a living host to gain nourishment and protection, sometimes resulting in illness of the host. There are a variety of different helminths from the very large to the microscopic. ‘Helminth’ is a general term meaning worm. All helminths are invertebrates with long GENOMICS AND MICROBES PACK GENOMICS AND MICROBES PACK 2/25 yourgenome.org A genome is an organism’s complete set of genetic instructions. All living things have genomes - each genome contains all of the information needed to build that organism and allow it to grow WHAT IS THE UK NATIONAL DNA DATABASE? It is the largest database of its kind in the world and is continuing to grow each year. Every profile in the UK National DNA Database is derived from a sample of human material, such as saliva or hair, collected from a crime scene. The information derived from eachprofile can be a
WHAT IS SHOTGUN SEQUENCING? Large, mammalian genomes are particularly difficult to clone, sequence and assemble because of their size and structural complexity.As a result clone-by-clone sequencing, although reliable and methodical, takes a very long time. With the emergence of cheaper sequencing and more sophisticated computer programs, researchers have therefore relied on whole genome shotgun sequencing to tackle WHAT ARE STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS? Streptococcus pyogenes is transmitted through coughs, sneezes or direct contact. It can be either non-invasive (not spread into the bloodstream) or invasive (spread into the bloodstream and to other body sites) The most common of the non-invasive infections include: strep throat: sore throat specifically caused by streptococcalinfection.
FUNCTION FINDERS BLAST FUNCTION FINDERS BLAST Answers sheet 2/2 yourgenome.org Translate the DNA sequences to find the matching protein using Uniprotein BLAST search: DNA sequence 5 cct ggg gag aac cta tgc tat aga aag atg tgg tgc Translated sequence P G E N L C Y R K M W C Protein name Alpha-bungarotoxin Organism Many-banded Krait (Bungarus multicinctus) Protein function A potent neurotoxin in snake venom. WHAT IS A CHROMOSOME? What is a chromosome? Chromosomes are bundles of tightly coiled DNA located within the nucleus of almost every cell in our body. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes. Illustration showing how DNA is packaged into a chromosome. In plant and animal cells, DNA? is tightly packaged into thread-like structures called chromosomes?. This is in contrastWHAT IS MITOSIS?
Meiosis is a process where a single cell divides twice to produce four cells containing half the original amount of genetic information. These cells are our sex cells – sperm in males, eggs in females. Mitosis versus meiosis Facts. Cells divide and reproduce in two ways, mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells TIMELINE: HISTORY OF GENOMICS Timeline: History of genomics. A timeline depicting the key events in the history of genomics and genetic research alongside those in popular culture. From the discovery of DNA, and the election of Roosevelt, right through to whole genome sequencing and Andy Murray winning Wimbledon for the first time. WHAT IS GENETIC ENGINEERING? What is genetic engineering? Genetic engineering, sometimes called genetic modification, is the process of altering the DNA in an organism’s genome.; This may mean changing one base pair (A-T or C-G), deleting a whole region of DNA, or introducing an additional copy of a gene.; It may also mean extracting DNA from another organism’s genome and combining it with the DNA of that individual.WHAT ARE HELMINTHS?
What are helminths? Helminths are worm-like parasites that survive by feeding on a living host to gain nourishment and protection, sometimes resulting in illness of the host. There are a variety of different helminths from the very large to the microscopic. ‘Helminth’ is a general term meaning worm. All helminths are invertebrates with long GENOMICS AND MICROBES PACK GENOMICS AND MICROBES PACK 2/25 yourgenome.org A genome is an organism’s complete set of genetic instructions. All living things have genomes - each genome contains all of the information needed to build that organism and allow it to grow WHAT IS THE UK NATIONAL DNA DATABASE? It is the largest database of its kind in the world and is continuing to grow each year. Every profile in the UK National DNA Database is derived from a sample of human material, such as saliva or hair, collected from a crime scene. The information derived from eachprofile can be a
WHAT IS SHOTGUN SEQUENCING? Large, mammalian genomes are particularly difficult to clone, sequence and assemble because of their size and structural complexity.As a result clone-by-clone sequencing, although reliable and methodical, takes a very long time. With the emergence of cheaper sequencing and more sophisticated computer programs, researchers have therefore relied on whole genome shotgun sequencing to tackle WHAT ARE STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS? Streptococcus pyogenes is transmitted through coughs, sneezes or direct contact. It can be either non-invasive (not spread into the bloodstream) or invasive (spread into the bloodstream and to other body sites) The most common of the non-invasive infections include: strep throat: sore throat specifically caused by streptococcalinfection.
FUNCTION FINDERS BLAST FUNCTION FINDERS BLAST Answers sheet 2/2 yourgenome.org Translate the DNA sequences to find the matching protein using Uniprotein BLAST search: DNA sequence 5 cct ggg gag aac cta tgc tat aga aag atg tgg tgc Translated sequence P G E N L C Y R K M W C Protein name Alpha-bungarotoxin Organism Many-banded Krait (Bungarus multicinctus) Protein function A potent neurotoxin in snake venom. WHAT IS A CHROMOSOME? What is a chromosome? Chromosomes are bundles of tightly coiled DNA located within the nucleus of almost every cell in our body. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes. Illustration showing how DNA is packaged into a chromosome. In plant and animal cells, DNA? is tightly packaged into thread-like structures called chromosomes?. This is in contrast WHAT IS GENETIC ENGINEERING? What is genetic engineering? Genetic engineering, sometimes called genetic modification, is the process of altering the DNA in an organism’s genome.; This may mean changing one base pair (A-T or C-G), deleting a whole region of DNA, or introducing an additional copy of a gene.; It may also mean extracting DNA from another organism’s genome and combining it with the DNA of that individual. WHAT IS A DNA FINGERPRINT? DNA fingerprinting was invented in 1984 by Professor Sir Alec Jeffreys after he realised you could detect variations in human DNA, in the form of these minisatellites. DNA fingerprinting is a technique that simultaneously detects lots of minisatellites in the genome to produce a pattern unique to an individual. WHAT IS SELECTIVE BREEDING? Selective breeding involves choosing parents with particular characteristics to breed together and produce offspring with more desirable characteristics. dogs with particular physiques and temperaments, suited to do jobs like herd sheep or collect pheasants. Selective breeding aims to adapt an organism’s characteristics in away that is
FROM DNA TO PROTEIN (FLASH) This animation covers the major stages of protein synthesis. It takes you from how the information in the DNA is transcribed into mRNA to how this message is translated into amino acids and a protein product.. We start in the nucleus, the control centre of the cell, before zooming in to find the chromosomes made of DNA and containing the protein-coding genes. WHY USE THE MOUSE IN RESEARCH? Key facts. Over the past century, the house mouse (Mus musculus) has become the preferred mammalian model for genetic research.In the early days of biomedical research, scientists developed mouse models by selecting and breeding specific mice to GIANTS IN GENOMICS: ERIC LANDER Giants in genomics: Eric Lander. Eric Lander is the founding director of the Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard. He was one of the leaders of the Human Genome Project and his work has been key in developing tools to investigate disease. Born in Brooklyn in 1957, Eric Lander showed an early talent for FUNCTION FINDERS BLAST FUNCTION FINDERS BLAST Answers sheet 2/2 yourgenome.org Translate the DNA sequences to find the matching protein using Uniprotein BLAST search: DNA sequence 5 cct ggg gag aac cta tgc tat aga aag atg tgg tgc Translated sequence P G E N L C Y R K M W C Protein name Alpha-bungarotoxin Organism Many-banded Krait (Bungarus multicinctus) Protein function A potent neurotoxin in snake HUMAN GENOME PROJECT Human Genome Project Student information Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (WTCCC) This nine million pound study examined DNA samples from 17,000 people across the UK, toCODON WHEEL
Codon Wheel Decoding DNA Use the codon wheel to translate DNA codons into amino acids. To decode a codon find the first letter of your sequence in the inner circle and work outwards WHAT IS GENE EXPRESSION? When the information stored in our DNA is converted into instructions for making proteins or other molecules, it is called gene expression.; Gene expression is a tightly regulated process that allows a cell to respond to its changing environment. It acts as both an on/off switch to control when proteins are made and also a volume control that increases or decreases the amount of proteins made. WHAT IS A CHROMOSOME? What is a chromosome? Chromosomes are bundles of tightly coiled DNA located within the nucleus of almost every cell in our body. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes. Illustration showing how DNA is packaged into a chromosome. In plant and animal cells, DNA? is tightly packaged into thread-like structures called chromosomes?. This is in contrast WHAT IS GENETIC ENGINEERING? What is genetic engineering? Genetic engineering, sometimes called genetic modification, is the process of altering the DNA in an organism’s genome.; This may mean changing one base pair (A-T or C-G), deleting a whole region of DNA, or introducing an additional copy of a gene.; It may also mean extracting DNA from another organism’s genome and combining it with the DNA of that individual.WHAT ARE HELMINTHS?
What are helminths? Helminths are worm-like parasites that survive by feeding on a living host to gain nourishment and protection, sometimes resulting in illness of the host. There are a variety of different helminths from the very large to the microscopic. ‘Helminth’ is a general term meaning worm. All helminths are invertebrates with long WHY USE THE MOUSE IN RESEARCH? Key facts. Over the past century, the house mouse (Mus musculus) has become the preferred mammalian model for genetic research.In the early days of biomedical research, scientists developed mouse models by selecting and breeding specific mice toFUNCTION FINDERS
1/12 yourgenomeorg FUNCTION FINDERS Protein profiles Protein name P53 Organism Human Amino acid sequence MEEPQSDPSVEP P53 is known as the‘guardian of
WHY USE THE ZEBRAFISH IN RESEARCH? Key facts. The use of zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model organism began in the 1960s.The zebrafish is a tropical fish native to southeast Asia. The zebrafish is about 2.5 cm to 4 cm long. In its larval stages it is transparent and as it matures to an adult itdevelops stripes
FUNCTION FINDERS BLAST FUNCTION FINDERS BLAST Answers sheet 2/2 yourgenome.org Translate the DNA sequences to find the matching protein using Uniprotein BLAST search: DNA sequence 5 cct ggg gag aac cta tgc tat aga aag atg tgg tgc Translated sequence P G E N L C Y R K M W C Protein name Alpha-bungarotoxin Organism Many-banded Krait (Bungarus multicinctus) Protein function A potent neurotoxin in snake venom. FRUIT FLIES IN THE LABORATORYCODON WHEEL
Codon Wheel Decoding DNA Use the codon wheel to translate DNA codons into amino acids. To decode a codon find the first letter of your sequence in the inner circle and work outwards WHAT IS GENE EXPRESSION? When the information stored in our DNA is converted into instructions for making proteins or other molecules, it is called gene expression.; Gene expression is a tightly regulated process that allows a cell to respond to its changing environment. It acts as both an on/off switch to control when proteins are made and also a volume control that increases or decreases the amount of proteins made. WHAT IS A CHROMOSOME? What is a chromosome? Chromosomes are bundles of tightly coiled DNA located within the nucleus of almost every cell in our body. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes. Illustration showing how DNA is packaged into a chromosome. In plant and animal cells, DNA? is tightly packaged into thread-like structures called chromosomes?. This is in contrast WHAT IS GENETIC ENGINEERING? What is genetic engineering? Genetic engineering, sometimes called genetic modification, is the process of altering the DNA in an organism’s genome.; This may mean changing one base pair (A-T or C-G), deleting a whole region of DNA, or introducing an additional copy of a gene.; It may also mean extracting DNA from another organism’s genome and combining it with the DNA of that individual.WHAT ARE HELMINTHS?
What are helminths? Helminths are worm-like parasites that survive by feeding on a living host to gain nourishment and protection, sometimes resulting in illness of the host. There are a variety of different helminths from the very large to the microscopic. ‘Helminth’ is a general term meaning worm. All helminths are invertebrates with long WHY USE THE MOUSE IN RESEARCH? Key facts. Over the past century, the house mouse (Mus musculus) has become the preferred mammalian model for genetic research.In the early days of biomedical research, scientists developed mouse models by selecting and breeding specific mice toFUNCTION FINDERS
1/12 yourgenomeorg FUNCTION FINDERS Protein profiles Protein name P53 Organism Human Amino acid sequence MEEPQSDPSVEP P53 is known as the‘guardian of
WHY USE THE ZEBRAFISH IN RESEARCH? Key facts. The use of zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model organism began in the 1960s.The zebrafish is a tropical fish native to southeast Asia. The zebrafish is about 2.5 cm to 4 cm long. In its larval stages it is transparent and as it matures to an adult itdevelops stripes
FUNCTION FINDERS BLAST FUNCTION FINDERS BLAST Answers sheet 2/2 yourgenome.org Translate the DNA sequences to find the matching protein using Uniprotein BLAST search: DNA sequence 5 cct ggg gag aac cta tgc tat aga aag atg tgg tgc Translated sequence P G E N L C Y R K M W C Protein name Alpha-bungarotoxin Organism Many-banded Krait (Bungarus multicinctus) Protein function A potent neurotoxin in snake venom. FRUIT FLIES IN THE LABORATORYCODON WHEEL
Codon Wheel Decoding DNA Use the codon wheel to translate DNA codons into amino acids. To decode a codon find the first letter of your sequence in the inner circle and work outwards HOW IS PHARMACOGENOMICS BEING USED? HIV. Genetic testing has dramatically reduced the number of people suffering side-effects to HIV medicines. One example is abacavir, a drug used in conjunction with other antiretrovirals in the treatment of HIV infection.. Abacavir is a highly effective treatment for HIV (the virus that causes AIDS) but around five to eight per cent of patients suffer severe side-effects, such as rash, fatigueFUNCTION FINDERS
1/12 yourgenomeorg FUNCTION FINDERS Protein profiles Protein name P53 Organism Human Amino acid sequence MEEPQSDPSVEP P53 is known as the‘guardian of
GENOMICS AND MICROBES PACK GENOMICS AND MICROBES PACK 2/25 yourgenome.org A genome is an organism’s complete set of genetic instructions. All living things have genomes - each genome contains all of the information needed to build that organism and allow it to grow WHAT IS SELECTIVE BREEDING? Selective breeding involves choosing parents with particular characteristics to breed together and produce offspring with more desirable characteristics. dogs with particular physiques and temperaments, suited to do jobs like herd sheep or collect pheasants. Selective breeding aims to adapt an organism’s characteristics in away that is
THE ‘EUREKA’ MOMENT THAT REVOLUTIONISED CRIME SOLVING Bringing families back together. The news of Alec's accidental eureka moment soon reached the press. In 1985 Alec was approached to help with an immigration case by a lawyer who had read about DNA testing in The Guardian.. The lawyer was representing a Ghanaian family, the mother of which had been living in the UK for some time with two ofher children.
GIANTS IN GENOMICS: ERIC LANDER Giants in genomics: Eric Lander. Eric Lander is the founding director of the Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard. He was one of the leaders of the Human Genome Project and his work has been key in developing tools to investigate disease. Born in Brooklyn in 1957, Eric Lander showed an early talent for FUNCTION FINDERS BLAST FUNCTION FINDERS BLAST Answers sheet 2/2 yourgenome.org Translate the DNA sequences to find the matching protein using Uniprotein BLAST search: DNA sequence 5 cct ggg gag aac cta tgc tat aga aag atg tgg tgc Translated sequence P G E N L C Y R K M W C Protein name Alpha-bungarotoxin Organism Many-banded Krait (Bungarus multicinctus) Protein function A potent neurotoxin in snakeCODON WHEEL
Codon Wheel Decoding DNA Use the codon wheel to translate DNA codons into amino acids. To decode a codon find the first letter of your sequence in the inner circle and work outwards KRAS ACTIVITY TEACHERS’ NOTES KRAS activity Teachers’ notes Version 2.0 August 2010 Page 1 Background to activity The KRAS (pronounced kay - rass) activity enables students to investigate common mutations found in the KRAS gene, associated with oncogenesis and the development of colorectal, lung and other cancers. The KRAS gene encodes for the protein KRAS which is an intracellular signalling protein HUMAN GENOME PROJECT Human Genome Project Student information Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (WTCCC) This nine million pound study examined DNA samples from 17,000 people across the UK, to EVOLUTION OF THE HUMAN BRAIN The human brain is around four times bigger than the chimp’s and around 15 times larger than the mouse’s. Even allowing for differences in body size, humans have unusually large brains. Bigger isn’t always better. But size isn’t the whole story. Studies have shown that there is not a particularly strong relationship betweenbrain size
WHAT IS ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE? Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria develop the ability to survive exposure to antibiotics that were designed to kill them or stop their growth. Antibiotic resistant bacteria are free to grow, multiply and cause infection within the host even when exposed to antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance is a major obstacle in thetreatment of
FUNCTION FINDERS
1/12 yourgenomeorg FUNCTION FINDERS Protein profiles Protein name P53 Organism Human Amino acid sequence MEEPQSDPSVEP P53 is known as the‘guardian of
CELL SNAP | INTERACTIVES | YOURGENOME.ORG The first part of the Cell Snap activity is a memory game which introduces you to the structures in the cell. You must find matching pairs of organelles against the clock and in as few moves as possible. In the second part of the activity you explore the functions of the different organelles. Clicking on the different cell componentsreveals
WHAT ARE HELMINTHS?
What are helminths? Helminths are worm-like parasites that survive by feeding on a living host to gain nourishment and protection, sometimes resulting in illness of the host. There are a variety of different helminths from the very large to the microscopic. ‘Helminth’ is a general term meaning worm. All helminths are invertebrates with long FUNCTION FINDERS BLAST FUNCTION FINDERS BLAST Answers sheet 2/2 yourgenome.org Translate the DNA sequences to find the matching protein using Uniprotein BLAST search: DNA sequence 5 cct ggg gag aac cta tgc tat aga aag atg tgg tgc Translated sequence P G E N L C Y R K M W C Protein name Alpha-bungarotoxin Organism Many-banded Krait (Bungarus multicinctus) Protein function A potent neurotoxin in snake venom. WHAT IS SICKLE CELL ANAEMIA? AMAZING ADAPTATIONS PACK AMAING ADAPTATIONS PACK 2/17 yourgenome.org There are millions of living creatures on our planet. They have all evolved to survive in different habitats. This drive to survive has led to a huge amount ofMALARIA CHALLENGE
Malaria Challenge - yourgenome.orgCODON WHEEL
Codon Wheel Decoding DNA A - Alanine G - Glycine M - Methionine S - Serine C - Cysteine H - Hisitidine N - Asparagine T - Threonine D - Aspartic Acid I - Isoleucine P - Proline V - Valine EVOLUTION OF THE HUMAN BRAIN The human brain is around four times bigger than the chimp’s and around 15 times larger than the mouse’s. Even allowing for differences in body size, humans have unusually large brains. Bigger isn’t always better. But size isn’t the whole story. Studies have shown that there is not a particularly strong relationship betweenbrain size
WHAT IS ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE? Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria develop the ability to survive exposure to antibiotics that were designed to kill them or stop their growth. Antibiotic resistant bacteria are free to grow, multiply and cause infection within the host even when exposed to antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance is a major obstacle in thetreatment of
FUNCTION FINDERS
1/12 yourgenomeorg FUNCTION FINDERS Protein profiles Protein name P53 Organism Human Amino acid sequence MEEPQSDPSVEP P53 is known as the‘guardian of
CELL SNAP | INTERACTIVES | YOURGENOME.ORG The first part of the Cell Snap activity is a memory game which introduces you to the structures in the cell. You must find matching pairs of organelles against the clock and in as few moves as possible. In the second part of the activity you explore the functions of the different organelles. Clicking on the different cell componentsreveals
WHAT ARE HELMINTHS?
What are helminths? Helminths are worm-like parasites that survive by feeding on a living host to gain nourishment and protection, sometimes resulting in illness of the host. There are a variety of different helminths from the very large to the microscopic. ‘Helminth’ is a general term meaning worm. All helminths are invertebrates with long FUNCTION FINDERS BLAST FUNCTION FINDERS BLAST Answers sheet 2/2 yourgenome.org Translate the DNA sequences to find the matching protein using Uniprotein BLAST search: DNA sequence 5 cct ggg gag aac cta tgc tat aga aag atg tgg tgc Translated sequence P G E N L C Y R K M W C Protein name Alpha-bungarotoxin Organism Many-banded Krait (Bungarus multicinctus) Protein function A potent neurotoxin in snake venom. WHAT IS SICKLE CELL ANAEMIA? AMAZING ADAPTATIONS PACK AMAING ADAPTATIONS PACK 2/17 yourgenome.org There are millions of living creatures on our planet. They have all evolved to survive in different habitats. This drive to survive has led to a huge amount ofMALARIA CHALLENGE
Malaria Challenge - yourgenome.orgCODON WHEEL
Codon Wheel Decoding DNA A - Alanine G - Glycine M - Methionine S - Serine C - Cysteine H - Hisitidine N - Asparagine T - Threonine D - Aspartic Acid I - Isoleucine P - Proline V - Valine WHAT IS GENE THERAPY? Gene therapy uses sections of DNA (usually genes) to treat or prevent disease.; The DNA is carefully selected to correct the effect of a mutated gene that is causing disease. The technique was first developed in 1972 but has, so far, had limited success in treatinghuman diseases.
TIMELINE: HISTORY OF GENOMICS Timeline: History of genomics. A timeline depicting the key events in the history of genomics and genetic research alongside those in popular culture. From the discovery of DNA, and the election of Roosevelt, right through to whole genome sequencing and Andy Murray winning Wimbledon for the first time.WHAT IS A CELL?
What is a cell? Cells are the basic building blocks of living things. The human body is composed of trillions of cells, all with their own specialised function. Cells are the basic structures of all living organisms. Cells provide structure for the body, take in nutrientsWHAT ARE HELMINTHS?
What are helminths? Helminths are worm-like parasites that survive by feeding on a living host to gain nourishment and protection, sometimes resulting in illness of the host. There are a variety of different helminths from the very large to the microscopic. ‘Helminth’ is a general term meaning worm. All helminths are invertebrates with long GENOMICS AND MICROBES PACK GENOMICS AND MICROBES PACK 2/25 yourgenome.org A genome is an organism’s complete set of genetic instructions. All living things have genomes - each genome contains all of the information needed to build that organism and allow it to grow MRSA | VIDEO | YOURGENOME.ORGCLICK TO VIEW This animation shows you how antibiotic resistant infections, like MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), can spread in a hospital setting and what impact they can have on the management of patients with these infections.. Antibiotics are important medicines that fight infections caused by WHAT IS SICKLE CELL ANAEMIA? Genetics. Sickle cell anaemia is caused by a mutation in a gene called haemoglobin beta (HBB), located on chromosome 11.; It is a recessive genetic disease, which means that both copies of the gene must contain the mutation for a person to have sickle cell anaemia.; If an individual has just one copy of the mutated gene they are said to be a carrier of the sickle cell trait. WHAT IS AFRICAN SLEEPING SICKNESS? Once the brain is affected it results in changes in behaviour, confusion, poor coordination, difficulties with speech and disturbance of sleep (sleeping through the day and insomnia? at night), hence the term ‘sleeping sickness’. Without treatment, African trypanosomiasis is fatal. HOW DO YOU FIND OUT THE SIGNIFICANCE OF A GENOME AFTER Comparing genomes after de novo sequencing is based around finding differences and similarities between the genomes of other organisms. Scientists compare the DNA sequences to determine how closely related two species are. Illustration showing a comparison of the genomes of four great apes and their evolutionary relatedness.YOURGENOME.ORG
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