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THRESHOLD TRAITS
A threshold trait is a trait, which is inherited quantitatively, but is expressed qualitatively. Normally a lot of genes form the basis of a threshold trait, which is why it should be treated as a quantitativetrait.
6.2 THE TERMS GENOTYPE VALUE, BREEDING VALUE AND DOMINANS 6.2 The terms genotype value, breeding value and dominance deviation. Preceding page. The phenotype value (P) of an animal can be measured and evaluated as a deviation from the mean value of the population,P-bar.
11.4 COLOUR GENES IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS 11.4 Colour genes in domestic animals. Preceding page. The inheritance of coat colour in the Danish swine breeds are regulated by the following three loci, see also Figure 11.5.. Dominant Recessive ----- White I- Coloured ii Black E- Red ee Uniformly ii White belti(be)i(be) -----
THE ARABIDOPSIS CYTOCHROME P450, CYTOCHROME B5, P450 Our site contains information on Cytochromes P450, Cytochromes b 5, NADPH-Cytochrome P450 reductases, β-Glucosidases, and Glycosyltransferases (Family 1).Follow any of the links above for more information, or check our recent updates. 3.6 EFFECTIVE POPULATION SIZE 3.6 Effective population size. Preceding page. Every new generation inherits half its genes from the sires and half from the dams. This is very important in, for instance, cattle breeding, where the possibility of artificial insemination is used. SELEKTION AGAINST THE RECESSIVE Selection (s) against the recessive is relative compared to the dominant types. The proportion selected of a given genotype is given the symbol s, which do not reproduce in every generation. Therefore, the fitness is equal to 1-s. After selection the gene frequency is calculated by the gene counting method. ARABIDOPSIS GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASE FAMILY 1 Glycosyl transferases (GTs) catalyze the addition of a sugar group to target molecules by the formation of a glycosidic bond. Glycosylation serves to change the stability and solubility of molecules. In plants, GTs are involved in biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and in the detoxification of xenobiotics.THRESHOLD TRAITS
A threshold trait is a trait, which is inherited quantitatively, but is expressed qualitatively. Normally a lot of genes form the basis of a threshold trait, which is why it should be treated as a quantitativetrait.
6.2 THE TERMS GENOTYPE VALUE, BREEDING VALUE AND DOMINANS 6.2 The terms genotype value, breeding value and dominance deviation. Preceding page. The phenotype value (P) of an animal can be measured and evaluated as a deviation from the mean value of the population,P-bar.
11.4 COLOUR GENES IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS 11.4 Colour genes in domestic animals. Preceding page. The inheritance of coat colour in the Danish swine breeds are regulated by the following three loci, see also Figure 11.5.. Dominant Recessive ----- White I- Coloured ii Black E- Red ee Uniformly ii White belti(be)i(be) -----
3.4 SELECTION AGAINST HETEROZYGOTES Therefore selection against the heterozygotes leads to an unstable situation. It leads to fixation of the allele whose frequency is higher than that of the equilibrium. In some cases the heterozygotes can be selected against in one life period and selected for in another, and still equilibrium occurs. An example of selection againstthe
3.6 EFFECTIVE POPULATION SIZE 3.6 Effective population size. Preceding page. Every new generation inherits half its genes from the sires and half from the dams. This is very important in, for instance, cattle breeding, where the possibility of artificial insemination is used. 11.4 COLOUR GENES IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS 11.4 Colour genes in domestic animals. Preceding page. The inheritance of coat colour in the Danish swine breeds are regulated by the following three loci, see also Figure 11.5.. Dominant Recessive ----- White I- Coloured ii Black E- Red ee Uniformly ii White belti(be)i(be) -----
10.1 PREPARATION OF CHROMOSOMES The following procedures are used for 'whole blood' culture and chromosome preparations: Use blood stabilized with heparin, which can be stored at room temperature (20 C 0) in up to five days before initiation of the cultivation. 0.3-0.5 ml full blood in 5 ml growth medium (RPMI) added 10% foetal calf serum and PHA is grown for 60hours at 38 C 0.
RELATIONSHIP AND INBREEDING, CALCULATION EXAMPLE Related individuals can be put into a genealogical diagram. When calculating the coefficient of relationship and inbreeding it is easier to trace the individuals in the pedigree back to the common ancestors using a path diagram. 2.5 GAMETE FREQUENCIES UNDER LINKAGE 2.5 Gamete frequencies under linkage. Preceding page. The term gamete frequency is applied when the alleles from more than one locus areconsidered.
ESTIMATING THE HERITABILITY AND COMMON ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT Selection experiment for estimation of heritability. In Figure 6.5 is shown a selection experiment for September weight in mink, carried out by G. Lagerquist, the Swedish Agric. Univ. published in J.Amim.Sci.,1993,71:3261-72.
APPLIED ANIMAL BREEDING FOR DIFFERENT SPECIES 2 Preface These course notes were written as a supplement to Understanding Animal Breeding by R. M. Bourdon (2 nd edition, Prentice Hall), which is an introduction to general breeding theory applying to all animal species. Although the basic principles of inheritance and breeding are the same for allPHENOTYPE VALUE (P)
The phenotypic value of a given trait or quantitative trait is for instance the yield of the individual with respect to the trait. The phenotypic value often has the symbol capital P. 8.3 CALCULATING SELECTION INDEX 8.3 Calculating selection index. Inversion of the P matrix is done by a program made by Andrew to be found at the folowing location Andrew Ippoliti's Blog. The selection index can handle any number of traits. 3.4 SELECTION AGAINST HETEROZYGOTES Therefore selection against the heterozygotes leads to an unstable situation. It leads to fixation of the allele whose frequency is higher than that of the equilibrium. In some cases the heterozygotes can be selected against in one life period and selected for in another, and still equilibrium occurs. An example of selection againstthe
SELEKTION AGAINST THE RECESSIVE Selection (s) against the recessive is relative compared to the dominant types. The proportion selected of a given genotype is given the symbol s, which do not reproduce in every generation. Therefore, the fitness is equal to 1-s. After selection the gene frequency is calculated by the gene counting method. ARABIDOPSIS CYTOCHROME P450S Cytochrome P450s were first identified in 1958 ( Klingenberg 1958 and Garfinkel 1958) from their spectral properties. At this time they have been found in all living organisms, from bacteria to animals and plants. They are involved in a vast array of reactions (eg. hydroxylation, isomerization, epoxydation, N-dealkylation, cyclization) in many 10.1 PREPARATION OF CHROMOSOMES The following procedures are used for 'whole blood' culture and chromosome preparations: Use blood stabilized with heparin, which can be stored at room temperature (20 C 0) in up to five days before initiation of the cultivation. 0.3-0.5 ml full blood in 5 ml growth medium (RPMI) added 10% foetal calf serum and PHA is grown for 60hours at 38 C 0.
THRESHOLD TRAITS
A threshold trait is a trait, which is inherited quantitatively, but is expressed qualitatively. Normally a lot of genes form the basis of a threshold trait, which is why it should be treated as a quantitativetrait.
ARABIDOPSIS GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASE FAMILY 1 Glycosyl transferases (GTs) catalyze the addition of a sugar group to target molecules by the formation of a glycosidic bond. Glycosylation serves to change the stability and solubility of molecules. In plants, GTs are involved in biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and in the detoxification of xenobiotics. 11.4 COLOUR GENES IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS 11.4 Colour genes in domestic animals. Preceding page. The inheritance of coat colour in the Danish swine breeds are regulated by the following three loci, see also Figure 11.5.. Dominant Recessive ----- White I- Coloured ii Black E- Red ee Uniformly ii White belti(be)i(be) -----
RELATIONSHIP AND INBREEDING, CALCULATION EXAMPLE Related individuals can be put into a genealogical diagram. When calculating the coefficient of relationship and inbreeding it is easier to trace the individuals in the pedigree back to the common ancestors using a path diagram. 2.1 GENE COUNTING METHOD FOR CALCULATING GENE FREQUENCIES The calculations of the gene frequencies by means of the gene counting methods are shown below. For the allele '209' there are 18 heterozygotes and 2 homozygotes (no bands in the lower line). Count for yourself! For the allele '199' there are 12 heterozygotes and 0 homozygotes (all 12 have bands in '199' line plus one other band in either '195' or '209').PHENOTYPE VALUE (P)
The phenotypic value of a given trait or quantitative trait is for instance the yield of the individual with respect to the trait. The phenotypic value often has the symbol capital P. 3.4 SELECTION AGAINST HETEROZYGOTES Therefore selection against the heterozygotes leads to an unstable situation. It leads to fixation of the allele whose frequency is higher than that of the equilibrium. In some cases the heterozygotes can be selected against in one life period and selected for in another, and still equilibrium occurs. An example of selection againstthe
SELEKTION AGAINST THE RECESSIVE Selection (s) against the recessive is relative compared to the dominant types. The proportion selected of a given genotype is given the symbol s, which do not reproduce in every generation. Therefore, the fitness is equal to 1-s. After selection the gene frequency is calculated by the gene counting method. ARABIDOPSIS CYTOCHROME P450S Cytochrome P450s were first identified in 1958 ( Klingenberg 1958 and Garfinkel 1958) from their spectral properties. At this time they have been found in all living organisms, from bacteria to animals and plants. They are involved in a vast array of reactions (eg. hydroxylation, isomerization, epoxydation, N-dealkylation, cyclization) in many 10.1 PREPARATION OF CHROMOSOMES The following procedures are used for 'whole blood' culture and chromosome preparations: Use blood stabilized with heparin, which can be stored at room temperature (20 C 0) in up to five days before initiation of the cultivation. 0.3-0.5 ml full blood in 5 ml growth medium (RPMI) added 10% foetal calf serum and PHA is grown for 60hours at 38 C 0.
THRESHOLD TRAITS
A threshold trait is a trait, which is inherited quantitatively, but is expressed qualitatively. Normally a lot of genes form the basis of a threshold trait, which is why it should be treated as a quantitativetrait.
ARABIDOPSIS GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASE FAMILY 1 Glycosyl transferases (GTs) catalyze the addition of a sugar group to target molecules by the formation of a glycosidic bond. Glycosylation serves to change the stability and solubility of molecules. In plants, GTs are involved in biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and in the detoxification of xenobiotics. 11.4 COLOUR GENES IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS 11.4 Colour genes in domestic animals. Preceding page. The inheritance of coat colour in the Danish swine breeds are regulated by the following three loci, see also Figure 11.5.. Dominant Recessive ----- White I- Coloured ii Black E- Red ee Uniformly ii White belti(be)i(be) -----
RELATIONSHIP AND INBREEDING, CALCULATION EXAMPLE Related individuals can be put into a genealogical diagram. When calculating the coefficient of relationship and inbreeding it is easier to trace the individuals in the pedigree back to the common ancestors using a path diagram. 2.1 GENE COUNTING METHOD FOR CALCULATING GENE FREQUENCIES The calculations of the gene frequencies by means of the gene counting methods are shown below. For the allele '209' there are 18 heterozygotes and 2 homozygotes (no bands in the lower line). Count for yourself! For the allele '199' there are 12 heterozygotes and 0 homozygotes (all 12 have bands in '199' line plus one other band in either '195' or '209').PHENOTYPE VALUE (P)
The phenotypic value of a given trait or quantitative trait is for instance the yield of the individual with respect to the trait. The phenotypic value often has the symbol capital P. THE ARABIDOPSIS CYTOCHROME P450, CYTOCHROME B5, P450 Our site contains information on Cytochromes P450, Cytochromes b 5, NADPH-Cytochrome P450 reductases, β-Glucosidases, and Glycosyltransferases (Family 1).Follow any of the links above for more information, or check our recent updates. 3.6 EFFECTIVE POPULATION SIZE 3.6 Effective population size. Preceding page. Every new generation inherits half its genes from the sires and half from the dams. This is very important in, for instance, cattle breeding, where the possibility of artificial insemination is used. 10.1 PREPARATION OF CHROMOSOMES The following procedures are used for 'whole blood' culture and chromosome preparations: Use blood stabilized with heparin, which can be stored at room temperature (20 C 0) in up to five days before initiation of the cultivation. 0.3-0.5 ml full blood in 5 ml growth medium (RPMI) added 10% foetal calf serum and PHA is grown for 60hours at 38 C 0.
EFFECT OF CROSSING
Negative recombination effect in F 2: In the shown crossing systems, at least one of the parent breeds was a pure bred.If an F 2 is produced, this is not the case. Production based on F 2-animals or crossbreeding between different crosses is normally a bad idea compared to backcrosses or three way crossing.The latter has the largest heterosis effect. In F 2 s so-called negative recombinationTHRESHOLD TRAITS
A threshold trait is a trait, which is inherited quantitatively, but is expressed qualitatively. Normally a lot of genes form the basis of a threshold trait, which is why it should be treated as a quantitativetrait.
6.2 THE TERMS GENOTYPE VALUE, BREEDING VALUE AND DOMINANS 6.2 The terms genotype value, breeding value and dominance deviation. Preceding page. The phenotype value (P) of an animal can be measured and evaluated as a deviation from the mean value of the population,P-bar.
APPLIED ANIMAL BREEDING FOR DIFFERENT SPECIES 2 Preface These course notes were written as a supplement to Understanding Animal Breeding by R. M. Bourdon (2 nd edition, Prentice Hall), which is an introduction to general breeding theory applying to all animal species. Although the basic principles of inheritance and breeding are the same for all ESTIMATING THE HERITABILITY AND COMMON ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT Selection experiment for estimation of heritability. In Figure 6.5 is shown a selection experiment for September weight in mink, carried out by G. Lagerquist, the Swedish Agric. Univ. published in J.Amim.Sci.,1993,71:3261-72.
8.3 CALCULATING SELECTION INDEX 8.3 Calculating selection index. Inversion of the P matrix is done by a program made by Andrew to be found at the folowing location Andrew Ippoliti's Blog. The selection index can handle any number of traits. HARDY-WEINBERG EQUILIBRIUM AND STATISTICAL TEST 2.2 Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and statistical tests . Preceding page. Definition of H-W equilibrium. In a large population with random mating H-W equilibrium will occur after one generation provided that the same gene frequencies occur in both sexes. ARABIDOPSIS CYTOCHROME P450S Cytochrome P450s were first identified in 1958 ( Klingenberg 1958 and Garfinkel 1958) from their spectral properties. At this time they have been found in all living organisms, from bacteria to animals and plants. They are involved in a vast array of reactions (eg. hydroxylation, isomerization, epoxydation, N-dealkylation, cyclization) in many ARABIDOPSIS GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASE FAMILY 1 Glycosyl transferases (GTs) catalyze the addition of a sugar group to target molecules by the formation of a glycosidic bond. Glycosylation serves to change the stability and solubility of molecules. In plants, GTs are involved in biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and in the detoxification of xenobiotics. SELEKTION AGAINST THE RECESSIVE Selection (s) against the recessive is relative compared to the dominant types. The proportion selected of a given genotype is given the symbol s, which do not reproduce in every generation. Therefore, the fitness is equal to 1-s. After selection the gene frequency is calculated by the gene counting method. 3.6 EFFECTIVE POPULATION SIZE 3.6 Effective population size. Preceding page. Every new generation inherits half its genes from the sires and half from the dams. This is very important in, for instance, cattle breeding, where the possibility of artificial insemination is used. 6.2 THE TERMS GENOTYPE VALUE, BREEDING VALUE AND DOMINANS 6.2 The terms genotype value, breeding value and dominance deviation. Preceding page. The phenotype value (P) of an animal can be measured and evaluated as a deviation from the mean value of the population,P-bar.
ESTIMATING THE HERITABILITY AND COMMON ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT Selection experiment for estimation of heritability. In Figure 6.5 is shown a selection experiment for September weight in mink, carried out by G. Lagerquist, the Swedish Agric. Univ. published in J.Amim.Sci.,1993,71:3261-72.
APPLIED ANIMAL BREEDING FOR DIFFERENT SPECIES 2 Preface These course notes were written as a supplement to Understanding Animal Breeding by R. M. Bourdon (2 nd edition, Prentice Hall), which is an introduction to general breeding theory applying to all animal species. Although the basic principles of inheritance and breeding are the same for all ARABIDOPSIS CYTOCHROME P450S Cytochrome P450s were first identified in 1958 ( Klingenberg 1958 and Garfinkel 1958) from their spectral properties. At this time they have been found in all living organisms, from bacteria to animals and plants. They are involved in a vast array of reactions (eg. hydroxylation, isomerization, epoxydation, N-dealkylation, cyclization) in many ARABIDOPSIS GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASE FAMILY 1 Glycosyl transferases (GTs) catalyze the addition of a sugar group to target molecules by the formation of a glycosidic bond. Glycosylation serves to change the stability and solubility of molecules. In plants, GTs are involved in biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and in the detoxification of xenobiotics. SELEKTION AGAINST THE RECESSIVE Selection (s) against the recessive is relative compared to the dominant types. The proportion selected of a given genotype is given the symbol s, which do not reproduce in every generation. Therefore, the fitness is equal to 1-s. After selection the gene frequency is calculated by the gene counting method. 3.6 EFFECTIVE POPULATION SIZE 3.6 Effective population size. Preceding page. Every new generation inherits half its genes from the sires and half from the dams. This is very important in, for instance, cattle breeding, where the possibility of artificial insemination is used. 6.2 THE TERMS GENOTYPE VALUE, BREEDING VALUE AND DOMINANS 6.2 The terms genotype value, breeding value and dominance deviation. Preceding page. The phenotype value (P) of an animal can be measured and evaluated as a deviation from the mean value of the population,P-bar.
ESTIMATING THE HERITABILITY AND COMMON ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT Selection experiment for estimation of heritability. In Figure 6.5 is shown a selection experiment for September weight in mink, carried out by G. Lagerquist, the Swedish Agric. Univ. published in J.Amim.Sci.,1993,71:3261-72.
APPLIED ANIMAL BREEDING FOR DIFFERENT SPECIES 2 Preface These course notes were written as a supplement to Understanding Animal Breeding by R. M. Bourdon (2 nd edition, Prentice Hall), which is an introduction to general breeding theory applying to all animal species. Although the basic principles of inheritance and breeding are the same for all 3.6 EFFECTIVE POPULATION SIZE 3.6 Effective population size. Preceding page. Every new generation inherits half its genes from the sires and half from the dams. This is very important in, for instance, cattle breeding, where the possibility of artificial insemination is used.THRESHOLD TRAITS
A threshold trait is a trait, which is inherited quantitatively, but is expressed qualitatively. Normally a lot of genes form the basis of a threshold trait, which is why it should be treated as a quantitativetrait.
3.4 SELECTION AGAINST HETEROZYGOTES Therefore selection against the heterozygotes leads to an unstable situation. It leads to fixation of the allele whose frequency is higher than that of the equilibrium. In some cases the heterozygotes can be selected against in one life period and selected for in another, and still equilibrium occurs. An example of selection againstthe
ESTIMATING THE HERITABILITY AND COMMON ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT Selection experiment for estimation of heritability. In Figure 6.5 is shown a selection experiment for September weight in mink, carried out by G. Lagerquist, the Swedish Agric. Univ. published in J.Amim.Sci.,1993,71:3261-72.
DYNAMIC TIME WARPING (DTW) AND CORRELATION OPTIMIZED Correlation Optimized Warping and Dynamic Time Warping as Preprocessing Methods for Chromatographic Data. Tomasi, G., van den Berg, F., Andersson, C., Journal of Chemometrics 18 (2004)231-241. Automatic selection of COW parameters by "optim_cow.m": Automated Alignment of Chromatographic Data. Skov T, van den Berg F, Tomasi G,Bro R (2006
ALGORITHMS AND SOURCE CODE Algorithms and source code. IMPORTANT: all downloadable material listed on these pages - appended by specifics mentioned under the individual headers/chapters - is available for public use. Please note that while great care has been taken, the software, code and data are provided "as is" and that Q&T, LIFE, KU does not accept anyresponsibility
PHENOTYPE VALUE (P)
The phenotypic value of a given trait or quantitative trait is for instance the yield of the individual with respect to the trait. The phenotypic value often has the symbol capital P. HARDY-WEINBERG EQUILIBRIUM AND STATISTICAL TEST 2.2 Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and statistical tests . Preceding page. Definition of H-W equilibrium. In a large population with random mating H-W equilibrium will occur after one generation provided that the same gene frequencies occur in both sexes. 8.3 CALCULATING SELECTION INDEX 8.3 Calculating selection index. Inversion of the P matrix is done by a program made by Andrew to be found at the folowing location Andrew Ippoliti's Blog. The selection index can handle any number of traits.ITOOLBOX FOR MATLAB
The iToolbox is for exploratory investigations of data sets with many collinear variables, e.g. spectral data sets.The main methods in the iToolbox are interval PLS (iPLS), backward interval PLS (biPLS), moving window PLS (mwPLS), synergy interval PLS (siPLS) and interval PCA (iPCA).The application of the methods are described in a manual and demo's for all methods are included in the toolbox. THE ARABIDOPSIS CYTOCHROME P450, CYTOCHROME B5, P450 Our site contains information on Cytochromes P450, Cytochromes b 5, NADPH-Cytochrome P450 reductases, β-Glucosidases, and Glycosyltransferases (Family 1).Follow any of the links above for more information, or check our recent updates. ARABIDOPSIS GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASE FAMILY 1 Glycosyl transferases (GTs) catalyze the addition of a sugar group to target molecules by the formation of a glycosidic bond. Glycosylation serves to change the stability and solubility of molecules. In plants, GTs are involved in biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and in the detoxification of xenobiotics. 3.6 EFFECTIVE POPULATION SIZE 3.6 Effective population size. Preceding page. Every new generation inherits half its genes from the sires and half from the dams. This is very important in, for instance, cattle breeding, where the possibility of artificial insemination is used. SELEKTION AGAINST THE RECESSIVE Selection (s) against the recessive is relative compared to the dominant types. The proportion selected of a given genotype is given the symbol s, which do not reproduce in every generation. Therefore, the fitness is equal to 1-s. After selection the gene frequency is calculated by the gene counting method. 6.2 THE TERMS GENOTYPE VALUE, BREEDING VALUE AND DOMINANS 6.2 The terms genotype value, breeding value and dominance deviation. Preceding page. The phenotype value (P) of an animal can be measured and evaluated as a deviation from the mean value of the population,P-bar.
MAIN PAGE
Genetics pages Link Knud ChristensenKnud Christensen 11.4 COLOUR GENES IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS 11.4 Colour genes in domestic animals. Preceding page. The inheritance of coat colour in the Danish swine breeds are regulated by the following three loci, see also Figure 11.5.. Dominant Recessive ----- White I- Coloured ii Black E- Red ee Uniformly ii White belti(be)i(be) -----
THE ARABIDOPSIS CYTOCHROME P450, CYTOCHROME B5, P450 Our site contains information on Cytochromes P450, Cytochromes b 5, NADPH-Cytochrome P450 reductases, β-Glucosidases, and Glycosyltransferases (Family 1).Follow any of the links above for more information, or check our recent updates. ARABIDOPSIS GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASE FAMILY 1 Glycosyl transferases (GTs) catalyze the addition of a sugar group to target molecules by the formation of a glycosidic bond. Glycosylation serves to change the stability and solubility of molecules. In plants, GTs are involved in biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and in the detoxification of xenobiotics. 3.6 EFFECTIVE POPULATION SIZE 3.6 Effective population size. Preceding page. Every new generation inherits half its genes from the sires and half from the dams. This is very important in, for instance, cattle breeding, where the possibility of artificial insemination is used. SELEKTION AGAINST THE RECESSIVE Selection (s) against the recessive is relative compared to the dominant types. The proportion selected of a given genotype is given the symbol s, which do not reproduce in every generation. Therefore, the fitness is equal to 1-s. After selection the gene frequency is calculated by the gene counting method. 6.2 THE TERMS GENOTYPE VALUE, BREEDING VALUE AND DOMINANS 6.2 The terms genotype value, breeding value and dominance deviation. Preceding page. The phenotype value (P) of an animal can be measured and evaluated as a deviation from the mean value of the population,P-bar.
MAIN PAGE
Genetics pages Link Knud ChristensenKnud Christensen 11.4 COLOUR GENES IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS 11.4 Colour genes in domestic animals. Preceding page. The inheritance of coat colour in the Danish swine breeds are regulated by the following three loci, see also Figure 11.5.. Dominant Recessive ----- White I- Coloured ii Black E- Red ee Uniformly ii White belti(be)i(be) -----
CYP81K2 - P450.KVL.DK ===General Information=== BAC Information: AL353995, F12B17.50, 12084-13583 protein type: putative cytochrome P450 Length: 500 Locus: At5g10600 ===Amino Acid Sequence=== CYP714A1 - P450.KVL.DK ===General Information=== BAC Information: AF069716, F6A4, 43505-46091 protein type: putative cytochrome P450 Locus: At5g24910 ===Amino AcidSequence===
FOODFLUOR - FOOD FLUORESCENCE LIBARY A food fluorescence library by Jakob Christensen, 2005. Background The present site contains a food fluorescence library (FOODFLUOR) in the form of steady-state fluorescence landscapes from a variety of intact food samples, plus a list of some food relevant fluorophores in puresolutions.
3.6 EFFECTIVE POPULATION SIZE 3.6 Effective population size. Preceding page. Every new generation inherits half its genes from the sires and half from the dams. This is very important in, for instance, cattle breeding, where the possibility of artificial insemination is used.LOCAL BLAST SERVER
Choose program to use and database to search: Enter sequence below in FASTA format. Or load it from disk. The query sequence is filtered for low complexity regions by default. Standard (1) Vertebrate Mitochondrial (2) Yeast Mitochondrial (3) Mold Mitochondrial; (4) 11.4 COLOUR GENES IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS 11.4 Colour genes in domestic animals. Preceding page. The inheritance of coat colour in the Danish swine breeds are regulated by the following three loci, see also Figure 11.5.. Dominant Recessive ----- White I- Coloured ii Black E- Red ee Uniformly ii White belti(be)i(be) -----
THRESHOLD TRAITS
A threshold trait is a trait, which is inherited quantitatively, but is expressed qualitatively. Normally a lot of genes form the basis of a threshold trait, which is why it should be treated as a quantitativetrait.
CHROMOSOME 3 GENETIC MAP Chr 1: Genetic ~ Base Pair Chr 2: Genetic ~ Base Pair Chr 3: Genetic ~ Base Pair Chr 4: Genetic ~ Base Pair Chr 5: Genetic ~ Base Pair Chromosome Three Genetic Map Click on a P450 for more information. This site is sponsored by: ARABIDOPSIS GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASE FAMILY 1 The glycosyltransferases presented on this site are of the Family 1 type, containing the C-terminal consensus sequence for the UDP-glycosyltransferases. This consensus is presented in Ross et al. 2001 as follows: An alignment of 107 UGT sequences. (PDF, 200k) A rooted tree of the above alignment. RELATIONSHIP AND INBREEDING, CALCULATION EXAMPLE Related individuals can be put into a genealogical diagram. When calculating the coefficient of relationship and inbreeding it is easier to trace the individuals in the pedigree back to the common ancestors using a path diagram. THE ARABIDOPSIS CYTOCHROME P450, CYTOCHROME B5, P450 Our site contains information on Cytochromes P450, Cytochromes b 5, NADPH-Cytochrome P450 reductases, β-Glucosidases, and Glycosyltransferases (Family 1).Follow any of the links above for more information, or check our recent updates. ARABIDOPSIS GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASE FAMILY 1 Glycosyl transferases (GTs) catalyze the addition of a sugar group to target molecules by the formation of a glycosidic bond. Glycosylation serves to change the stability and solubility of molecules. In plants, GTs are involved in biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and in the detoxification of xenobiotics. 3.6 EFFECTIVE POPULATION SIZE 3.6 Effective population size. Preceding page. Every new generation inherits half its genes from the sires and half from the dams. This is very important in, for instance, cattle breeding, where the possibility of artificial insemination is used. SELEKTION AGAINST THE RECESSIVE Selection (s) against the recessive is relative compared to the dominant types. The proportion selected of a given genotype is given the symbol s, which do not reproduce in every generation. Therefore, the fitness is equal to 1-s. After selection the gene frequency is calculated by the gene counting method. 6.2 THE TERMS GENOTYPE VALUE, BREEDING VALUE AND DOMINANS 6.2 The terms genotype value, breeding value and dominance deviation. Preceding page. The phenotype value (P) of an animal can be measured and evaluated as a deviation from the mean value of the population,P-bar.
MAIN PAGE
Genetics pages Link Knud ChristensenKnud Christensen 11.4 COLOUR GENES IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS 11.4 Colour genes in domestic animals. Preceding page. The inheritance of coat colour in the Danish swine breeds are regulated by the following three loci, see also Figure 11.5.. Dominant Recessive ----- White I- Coloured ii Black E- Red ee Uniformly ii White belti(be)i(be) -----
APPLIED ANIMAL BREEDING FOR DIFFERENT SPECIESANIMALS BREEDING OTHER SPECIESANIMALS OF DIFFERENT SPECIES MATINGANIMALS BREEDING OTHER ANIMALSANIMALS MATING OUTSIDE THEIR SPECIESANIMALS MATING WITH DIFFERENT ANIMALSANIMALS MATING WITH WRONG SPECIES 2 Preface These course notes were written as a supplement to Understanding Animal Breeding by R. M. Bourdon (2 nd edition, Prentice Hall), which is an introduction to general breeding theory applying to all animal species. Although the basic principles of inheritance and breeding are the same for all RELATIONSHIP AND INBREEDING, CALCULATION EXAMPLE Related individuals can be put into a genealogical diagram. When calculating the coefficient of relationship and inbreeding it is easier to trace the individuals in the pedigree back to the common ancestors using a path diagram.PHENOTYPE VALUE (P)
The phenotypic value of a given trait or quantitative trait is for instance the yield of the individual with respect to the trait. The phenotypic value often has the symbol capital P. THE ARABIDOPSIS CYTOCHROME P450, CYTOCHROME B5, P450 Our site contains information on Cytochromes P450, Cytochromes b 5, NADPH-Cytochrome P450 reductases, β-Glucosidases, and Glycosyltransferases (Family 1).Follow any of the links above for more information, or check our recent updates. ARABIDOPSIS GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASE FAMILY 1 Glycosyl transferases (GTs) catalyze the addition of a sugar group to target molecules by the formation of a glycosidic bond. Glycosylation serves to change the stability and solubility of molecules. In plants, GTs are involved in biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and in the detoxification of xenobiotics. 3.6 EFFECTIVE POPULATION SIZE 3.6 Effective population size. Preceding page. Every new generation inherits half its genes from the sires and half from the dams. This is very important in, for instance, cattle breeding, where the possibility of artificial insemination is used. SELEKTION AGAINST THE RECESSIVE Selection (s) against the recessive is relative compared to the dominant types. The proportion selected of a given genotype is given the symbol s, which do not reproduce in every generation. Therefore, the fitness is equal to 1-s. After selection the gene frequency is calculated by the gene counting method. 6.2 THE TERMS GENOTYPE VALUE, BREEDING VALUE AND DOMINANS 6.2 The terms genotype value, breeding value and dominance deviation. Preceding page. The phenotype value (P) of an animal can be measured and evaluated as a deviation from the mean value of the population,P-bar.
MAIN PAGE
Genetics pages Link Knud ChristensenKnud Christensen 11.4 COLOUR GENES IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS 11.4 Colour genes in domestic animals. Preceding page. The inheritance of coat colour in the Danish swine breeds are regulated by the following three loci, see also Figure 11.5.. Dominant Recessive ----- White I- Coloured ii Black E- Red ee Uniformly ii White belti(be)i(be) -----
APPLIED ANIMAL BREEDING FOR DIFFERENT SPECIESANIMALS BREEDING OTHER SPECIESANIMALS OF DIFFERENT SPECIES MATINGANIMALS BREEDING OTHER ANIMALSANIMALS MATING OUTSIDE THEIR SPECIESANIMALS MATING WITH DIFFERENT ANIMALSANIMALS MATING WITH WRONG SPECIES 2 Preface These course notes were written as a supplement to Understanding Animal Breeding by R. M. Bourdon (2 nd edition, Prentice Hall), which is an introduction to general breeding theory applying to all animal species. Although the basic principles of inheritance and breeding are the same for all RELATIONSHIP AND INBREEDING, CALCULATION EXAMPLE Related individuals can be put into a genealogical diagram. When calculating the coefficient of relationship and inbreeding it is easier to trace the individuals in the pedigree back to the common ancestors using a path diagram.PHENOTYPE VALUE (P)
The phenotypic value of a given trait or quantitative trait is for instance the yield of the individual with respect to the trait. The phenotypic value often has the symbol capital P. CYP81K2 - P450.KVL.DK ===General Information=== BAC Information: AL353995, F12B17.50, 12084-13583 protein type: putative cytochrome P450 Length: 500 Locus: At5g10600 ===Amino Acid Sequence=== CYP714A1 - P450.KVL.DK ===General Information=== BAC Information: AF069716, F6A4, 43505-46091 protein type: putative cytochrome P450 Locus: At5g24910 ===Amino AcidSequence===
FOODFLUOR - FOOD FLUORESCENCE LIBARY A food fluorescence library by Jakob Christensen, 2005. Background The present site contains a food fluorescence library (FOODFLUOR) in the form of steady-state fluorescence landscapes from a variety of intact food samples, plus a list of some food relevant fluorophores in puresolutions.
3.6 EFFECTIVE POPULATION SIZE 3.6 Effective population size. Preceding page. Every new generation inherits half its genes from the sires and half from the dams. This is very important in, for instance, cattle breeding, where the possibility of artificial insemination is used.LOCAL BLAST SERVER
Choose program to use and database to search: Enter sequence below in FASTA format. Or load it from disk. The query sequence is filtered for low complexity regions by default. Standard (1) Vertebrate Mitochondrial (2) Yeast Mitochondrial (3) Mold Mitochondrial; (4) 11.4 COLOUR GENES IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS 11.4 Colour genes in domestic animals. Preceding page. The inheritance of coat colour in the Danish swine breeds are regulated by the following three loci, see also Figure 11.5.. Dominant Recessive ----- White I- Coloured ii Black E- Red ee Uniformly ii White belti(be)i(be) -----
THRESHOLD TRAITS
A threshold trait is a trait, which is inherited quantitatively, but is expressed qualitatively. Normally a lot of genes form the basis of a threshold trait, which is why it should be treated as a quantitativetrait.
CHROMOSOME 3 GENETIC MAP Chr 1: Genetic ~ Base Pair Chr 2: Genetic ~ Base Pair Chr 3: Genetic ~ Base Pair Chr 4: Genetic ~ Base Pair Chr 5: Genetic ~ Base Pair Chromosome Three Genetic Map Click on a P450 for more information. This site is sponsored by: ARABIDOPSIS GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASE FAMILY 1 The glycosyltransferases presented on this site are of the Family 1 type, containing the C-terminal consensus sequence for the UDP-glycosyltransferases. This consensus is presented in Ross et al. 2001 as follows: An alignment of 107 UGT sequences. (PDF, 200k) A rooted tree of the above alignment. RELATIONSHIP AND INBREEDING, CALCULATION EXAMPLE Related individuals can be put into a genealogical diagram. When calculating the coefficient of relationship and inbreeding it is easier to trace the individuals in the pedigree back to the common ancestors using a path diagram. THE ARABIDOPSIS CYTOCHROME P450, CYTOCHROME B5, P450 Our site contains information on Cytochromes P450, Cytochromes b 5, NADPH-Cytochrome P450 reductases, β-Glucosidases, and Glycosyltransferases (Family 1).Follow any of the links above for more information, or check our recent updates. ARABIDOPSIS GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASE FAMILY 1 Glycosyl transferases (GTs) catalyze the addition of a sugar group to target molecules by the formation of a glycosidic bond. Glycosylation serves to change the stability and solubility of molecules. In plants, GTs are involved in biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and in the detoxification of xenobiotics. 3.6 EFFECTIVE POPULATION SIZE 3.6 Effective population size. Preceding page. Every new generation inherits half its genes from the sires and half from the dams. This is very important in, for instance, cattle breeding, where the possibility of artificial insemination is used. SELEKTION AGAINST THE RECESSIVE Selection (s) against the recessive is relative compared to the dominant types. The proportion selected of a given genotype is given the symbol s, which do not reproduce in every generation. Therefore, the fitness is equal to 1-s. After selection the gene frequency is calculated by the gene counting method. 6.2 THE TERMS GENOTYPE VALUE, BREEDING VALUE AND DOMINANS 6.2 The terms genotype value, breeding value and dominance deviation. Preceding page. The phenotype value (P) of an animal can be measured and evaluated as a deviation from the mean value of the population,P-bar.
MAIN PAGE
Genetics pages Link Knud ChristensenKnud Christensen THE ARABIDOPSIS CYTOCHROME P450, CYTOCHROME B5, P450 Our site contains information on Cytochromes P450, Cytochromes b 5, NADPH-Cytochrome P450 reductases, β-Glucosidases, and Glycosyltransferases (Family 1).Follow any of the links above for more information, or check our recent updates. ARABIDOPSIS GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASE FAMILY 1 Glycosyl transferases (GTs) catalyze the addition of a sugar group to target molecules by the formation of a glycosidic bond. Glycosylation serves to change the stability and solubility of molecules. In plants, GTs are involved in biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and in the detoxification of xenobiotics. 3.6 EFFECTIVE POPULATION SIZE 3.6 Effective population size. Preceding page. Every new generation inherits half its genes from the sires and half from the dams. This is very important in, for instance, cattle breeding, where the possibility of artificial insemination is used. SELEKTION AGAINST THE RECESSIVE Selection (s) against the recessive is relative compared to the dominant types. The proportion selected of a given genotype is given the symbol s, which do not reproduce in every generation. Therefore, the fitness is equal to 1-s. After selection the gene frequency is calculated by the gene counting method. 6.2 THE TERMS GENOTYPE VALUE, BREEDING VALUE AND DOMINANS 6.2 The terms genotype value, breeding value and dominance deviation. Preceding page. The phenotype value (P) of an animal can be measured and evaluated as a deviation from the mean value of the population,P-bar.
MAIN PAGE
Genetics pages Link Knud ChristensenKnud Christensen CYP81K2 - P450.KVL.DK ===General Information=== BAC Information: AL353995, F12B17.50, 12084-13583 protein type: putative cytochrome P450 Length: 500 Locus: At5g10600 ===Amino Acid Sequence=== CYP714A1 - P450.KVL.DK ===General Information=== BAC Information: AF069716, F6A4, 43505-46091 protein type: putative cytochrome P450 Locus: At5g24910 ===Amino AcidSequence===
FOODFLUOR - FOOD FLUORESCENCE LIBARY A food fluorescence library by Jakob Christensen, 2005. Background The present site contains a food fluorescence library (FOODFLUOR) in the form of steady-state fluorescence landscapes from a variety of intact food samples, plus a list of some food relevant fluorophores in puresolutions.
3.6 EFFECTIVE POPULATION SIZE 3.6 Effective population size. Preceding page. Every new generation inherits half its genes from the sires and half from the dams. This is very important in, for instance, cattle breeding, where the possibility of artificial insemination is used.LOCAL BLAST SERVER
Choose program to use and database to search: Enter sequence below in FASTA format. Or load it from disk. The query sequence is filtered for low complexity regions by default. Standard (1) Vertebrate Mitochondrial (2) Yeast Mitochondrial (3) Mold Mitochondrial; (4) 11.4 COLOUR GENES IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS 11.4 Colour genes in domestic animals. Preceding page. The inheritance of coat colour in the Danish swine breeds are regulated by the following three loci, see also Figure 11.5.. Dominant Recessive ----- White I- Coloured ii Black E- Red ee Uniformly ii White belti(be)i(be) -----
THRESHOLD TRAITS
A threshold trait is a trait, which is inherited quantitatively, but is expressed qualitatively. Normally a lot of genes form the basis of a threshold trait, which is why it should be treated as a quantitativetrait.
CHROMOSOME 3 GENETIC MAP Chr 1: Genetic ~ Base Pair Chr 2: Genetic ~ Base Pair Chr 3: Genetic ~ Base Pair Chr 4: Genetic ~ Base Pair Chr 5: Genetic ~ Base Pair Chromosome Three Genetic Map Click on a P450 for more information. This site is sponsored by: ARABIDOPSIS GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASE FAMILY 1 The glycosyltransferases presented on this site are of the Family 1 type, containing the C-terminal consensus sequence for the UDP-glycosyltransferases. This consensus is presented in Ross et al. 2001 as follows: An alignment of 107 UGT sequences. (PDF, 200k) A rooted tree of the above alignment. RELATIONSHIP AND INBREEDING, CALCULATION EXAMPLE Related individuals can be put into a genealogical diagram. When calculating the coefficient of relationship and inbreeding it is easier to trace the individuals in the pedigree back to the common ancestors using a path diagram.Hele KU
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