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EVALUATING PUBLIC TRANSIT BENEFITS AND COSTS Evaluating Public Transit Benefits and Costs Victoria Transport Policy Institute 2 Executive Summary Public transit (also called public transport or mass transit) includes various services that provide mobility to the general public, including buses, trains, ferries, shared taxi, and their variations. TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSIS SUMMARY Transportation Cost Analysis Summary 4 Basic Concepts for Transportation Costing This section defines some terms used in this report. Let’s begin by defining transportation (or “transport,” which means the same thing and HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION COSTS 4 0 1020 3040 5060 7080 Rt. 123 widening # 3 - Fairfax, VA I-4 Reconstruction - Tampa, FL US 7 Shelburne Rd. - Burlington, VT SunsetHwy - Portland, OR.
VICTORIA TRANSPORT INSTITUTE The Victoria Transport Policy Institute is an independent research organization dedicated to developing innovative and practical solutions to transportation problems. We provide a variety of resources available free at this website to help improve transportation planning and policy analysis. We are funded primarily through consulting and PLANNING PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES Planning Principles and Practices Victoria Transport Policy Institute 3 Introduction Planning refers to the process of deciding what to do and how to do it. Planning occurs at many levels, from day-to-day decisions made by individuals and families, to complex decisions made TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSIS Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis II – Air Pollution Costs Victoria Transport Policy Institute (www.vtpi.org) 20 March 2020 www.vtpi.org/tca/tca0510.pdf EVALUATING TRANSPORTATION LAND USE IMPACTS Evaluating Transportation Land Use Impacts Victoria Transport Policy Institute 2 Introduction Land use development patterns (also called urban form, built environment, community design, spatial development, and urban geography) refer to human use of the earths surface, including the location, type and design of infrastructure such as roads and buildings. EVALUATING COMPLETE STREETS Evaluating Complete Streets: The Value of Designing Roads For Diverse Modes, Users and Activities Victoria Transport Policy Institute 6 The old planning paradigm evaluates transport system performance based primarily on vehicle TRANSIT PRICE ELASTICITIES AND CROSS-ELASTICITIES www.vtpi.org Info@vtpi.org 250-508-5150 Todd Litman 2004-2019 You are welcome and encouraged to copy, distribute, share and excerpt this document and its ideas, provided EVALUATING TRANSPORTATION EQUITY Evaluating Transportation Equity Victoria Transport Policy Institute 2 Executive Summary Equity (also called justice or fairness) refers to the distribution of impacts (benefits and costs) and whether they are considered appropriate. Transportation equity analysis is importantand
EVALUATING PUBLIC TRANSIT BENEFITS AND COSTS Evaluating Public Transit Benefits and Costs Victoria Transport Policy Institute 2 Executive Summary Public transit (also called public transport or mass transit) includes various services that provide mobility to the general public, including buses, trains, ferries, shared taxi, and their variations. TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSIS SUMMARY Transportation Cost Analysis Summary 4 Basic Concepts for Transportation Costing This section defines some terms used in this report. Let’s begin by defining transportation (or “transport,” which means the same thing and HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION COSTS 4 0 1020 3040 5060 7080 Rt. 123 widening # 3 - Fairfax, VA I-4 Reconstruction - Tampa, FL US 7 Shelburne Rd. - Burlington, VT SunsetHwy - Portland, OR.
VICTORIA TRANSPORT INSTITUTE Online TDM Encyclopedia Transportation Demand Management (TDM, also called Mobility Management) is a general term for strategies that result in more efficient use of transportation resources.This Encyclopedia is a comprehensive source of information about innovative management solutions to transportation problems. It provides detailed information on dozens of demand management 5.2 TRAVEL TIME 5.2.1 INDEX Victoria Transport Policy Institute EVALUATING COMPLETE STREETS Evaluating Complete Streets: The Value of Designing Roads For Diverse Modes, Users and Activities Victoria Transport Policy Institute 6 The old planning paradigm evaluates transport system performance based primarily on vehicle TRANSPORTATION INDICATORS FOR SUSTAINABILITY Well Measured: Developing Indicators for Sustainable And Livable Transport Planning Victoria Transport Policy Institute 3 Executive Summary There is growing interest in the concepts of sustainability, livability, sustainable development and sustainable transport. ONLINE TDM ENCYCLOPEDIA Level of Service (also called Quality of Service or Service Quality) refers to the speed, convenience, comfort and security of transportation facilities and services as experienced by users. Level-Of-Service (LOS) ratings, typically from A (best) to F (worst), are widely used in transport Planning to evaluate problems and potential solutions. LAND USE IMPACTS ON TRANSPORT Land Use Impacts On Transportation Victoria Transport Policy Institute 3 Executive Summary This paper investigates how various land use factors affect transport impacts, and therefore the 6 EVALUATING TRANSIT-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT USING A 120 Transit-Oriented Development and Sustainability ravation and the ‘broken window syndrome,’ 7. relatively high land costs, 8. antiquated zoning and regulatory barriers, 9. lack of institutionalcom-
STRATEGIES, EVALUATION AND PLANNING Parking Management: Strategies, Evaluation and Planning Victoria Transport Policy Institute 2 Introduction Parking is an essential component of the transportation system. ECONOMIC VALUE OF WALKABILITY Economic Value of Walkability Victoria Transport Policy Institute 5 Maintenance Model (World Bank) and MicroBENCOST (TTI 1997) calculate the monetized (measured in monetary units) value of vehicle operating cost savings, safety TRANSPORTATION COST AND BENEFIT ANALYSIS www.vtpi.org Info@vtpi.org 250-360-1560 Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis Techniques, Estimates and Implications Second Edition (2009) ~~~~~ Executive Summary VICTORIA TRANSPORT INSTITUTE The Victoria Transport Policy Institute is an independent research organization dedicated to developing innovative and practical solutions to transportation problems. We provide a variety of resources available free at this website to help improve transportation planning and policy analysis. We are funded primarily through consulting and TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSIS Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis II – Air Pollution Costs Victoria Transport Policy Institute (www.vtpi.org) 20 March 2020 www.vtpi.org/tca/tca0510.pdf HOW 120 YEARS OF TRANSPORTATION PROGRESS AFFECTS OUR LIVES www.vtpi.org Info@vtpi.org 250-508-5150 Todd Litman 2020-2021 You are welcome and encouraged to copy, distribute, share and excerpt this document and its ideas, provided EVALUATING COMPLETE STREETS Evaluating Complete Streets: The Value of Designing Roads For Diverse Modes, Users and Activities Victoria Transport Policy Institute 6 The old planning paradigm evaluates transport system performance based primarily on vehicle DISTANCE-BASED VEHICLE INSURANCE Distance-Based Vehicle Insurance Victoria Transport Policy Institute 1 Introduction This report explores the feasibility and potential benefits of implementing distance-based vehicle insurance (DBVI, also called pay-as-you-drive, usage-based and per-mile).Insurance is TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSIS SUMMARY Transportation Cost Analysis Summary 4 Basic Concepts for Transportation Costing This section defines some terms used in this report. Let’s begin by defining transportation (or “transport,” which means the same thing and TRANSIT PRICE ELASTICITIES AND CROSS-ELASTICITIES Transit Elasticities and Price Elasticities Victoria Transport Policy Institute 5 Type of Price Change. Transit fares, service quality (service speed, frequency, coverage and HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION COSTS 4 0 1020 3040 5060 7080 Rt. 123 widening # 3 - Fairfax, VA I-4 Reconstruction - Tampa, FL US 7 Shelburne Rd. - Burlington, VT SunsetHwy - Portland, OR.
SELLING TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT $0 $2,000 $4,000 $6,000 $8,000 $10,000 $12,000 $14,000 $16,000 Car Free One Vehicle Two Vehicles d Taxi/Carshare Bicycle Public Transit Residential Parking Vehicle INCREASING SUSTAINABLE AND AFFORDABLE HOUSING DEVELOPMENT Increasing Sustainable and Affordable Housing Development by Reforming California Tax Credit Allocation Policies 2 1. Introduction The state of California helps finance affordable housing development through tax credits.1 The California Tax Credit Allocation Committee (CTCAC) administers federal and state housing tax credit programs that help finance private investment in affordable rental VICTORIA TRANSPORT INSTITUTE The Victoria Transport Policy Institute is an independent research organization dedicated to developing innovative and practical solutions to transportation problems. We provide a variety of resources available free at this website to help improve transportation planning and policy analysis. We are funded primarily through consulting and TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSIS Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis II – Air Pollution Costs Victoria Transport Policy Institute (www.vtpi.org) 20 March 2020 www.vtpi.org/tca/tca0510.pdf HOW 120 YEARS OF TRANSPORTATION PROGRESS AFFECTS OUR LIVES www.vtpi.org Info@vtpi.org 250-508-5150 Todd Litman 2020-2021 You are welcome and encouraged to copy, distribute, share and excerpt this document and its ideas, provided EVALUATING COMPLETE STREETS Evaluating Complete Streets: The Value of Designing Roads For Diverse Modes, Users and Activities Victoria Transport Policy Institute 6 The old planning paradigm evaluates transport system performance based primarily on vehicle DISTANCE-BASED VEHICLE INSURANCE Distance-Based Vehicle Insurance Victoria Transport Policy Institute 1 Introduction This report explores the feasibility and potential benefits of implementing distance-based vehicle insurance (DBVI, also called pay-as-you-drive, usage-based and per-mile).Insurance is TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSIS SUMMARY Transportation Cost Analysis Summary 4 Basic Concepts for Transportation Costing This section defines some terms used in this report. Let’s begin by defining transportation (or “transport,” which means the same thing and TRANSIT PRICE ELASTICITIES AND CROSS-ELASTICITIES Transit Elasticities and Price Elasticities Victoria Transport Policy Institute 5 Type of Price Change. Transit fares, service quality (service speed, frequency, coverage and HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION COSTS 4 0 1020 3040 5060 7080 Rt. 123 widening # 3 - Fairfax, VA I-4 Reconstruction - Tampa, FL US 7 Shelburne Rd. - Burlington, VT SunsetHwy - Portland, OR.
SELLING TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT $0 $2,000 $4,000 $6,000 $8,000 $10,000 $12,000 $14,000 $16,000 Car Free One Vehicle Two Vehicles d Taxi/Carshare Bicycle Public Transit Residential Parking Vehicle INCREASING SUSTAINABLE AND AFFORDABLE HOUSING DEVELOPMENT Increasing Sustainable and Affordable Housing Development by Reforming California Tax Credit Allocation Policies 2 1. Introduction The state of California helps finance affordable housing development through tax credits.1 The California Tax Credit Allocation Committee (CTCAC) administers federal and state housing tax credit programs that help finance private investment in affordable rental HOW 120 YEARS OF TRANSPORTATION PROGRESS AFFECTS OUR LIVES Our World Accelerated: A Critical Analysis of 120 Years of Transportation Progress Victoria Transport Policy Institute 3 Executive Summary During the last 120 years, motor vehicles became increasingly reliable, comfortable and affordable, and ARNOTT, RICHARD AND KENNETH SMALL, 1994, THE ECONOMICS OF Induced Travel Bibliography. By Robert Noland, Imperial College London. September 2003 . Arnott, Richard and Kenneth Small, 1994, The Economics of Traffic Congestion, American Scientist, 82: 446-455. Barr, Lawrence C., 2000, Testing for the Significance of Induced Highway Travel Demand in Metropolitan Areas, Transportation ResearchRecord 1706: 1-8.
EVALUATING TRANSPORTATION LAND USE IMPACTS Evaluating Transportation Land Use Impacts Victoria Transport Policy Institute 2 Introduction Land use development patterns (also called urban form, built environment, community design, spatial development, and urban geography) refer to human use of the earths surface, including the location, type and design of infrastructure such as roads and buildings. EVALUATING TRANSPORTATION EQUITY Evaluating Transportation Equity Victoria Transport Policy Institute 2 Executive Summary Equity (also called justice or fairness) refers to the distribution of impacts (benefits and costs) and whether they are considered appropriate. Transportation equity analysis is importantand
LAND USE IMPACTS ON TRANSPORT Land Use Impacts On Transportation Victoria Transport Policy Institute 3 Executive Summary This paper investigates how various land use factors affect transport impacts, and therefore the COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF RAIL TRANSIT BENEFITS Victoria Transport Policy Institute 1250 Rudlin Street, Victoria, BC, V8V 3R7, CANADA www.vtpi.org info@vtpi.org Phone & Fax 250-360-1560 6 EVALUATING TRANSIT-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT USING A 6 Evaluating Transit-Oriented Development Using a Sustainability Framework: Lessons from Perth’s Network City John L. Renne Planners and urban designers across the globe are promoting transit- TRANSIT PRICE ELASTICITIES AND CROSS-ELASTICITIES Transit Elasticities and Price Elasticities Victoria Transport Policy Institute 5 Type of Price Change. Transit fares, service quality (service speed, frequency, coverage and TRANSPORTATION COST AND BENEFIT ANALYSIS www.vtpi.org Info@vtpi.org 250-360-1560 Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis Techniques, Estimates and Implications Second Edition (2009) ~~~~~ Executive Summary AFFORDABLE ACCESSIBLE HOUSING IN A DYNAMIC CITY Affordable-Accessible Housing In A Dynamic City Victoria Transport Policy Institute 3 Executive Summary Many hard-working families are stressed by economic forces VICTORIA TRANSPORT INSTITUTE The Victoria Transport Policy Institute is an independent research organization dedicated to developing innovative and practical solutions to transportation problems. We provide a variety of resources available free at this website to help improve transportation planning and policy analysis. We are funded primarily through consulting and TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSIS Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis II – Air Pollution Costs Victoria Transport Policy Institute (www.vtpi.org) 20 March 2020 www.vtpi.org/tca/tca0510.pdf EVALUATING COMPLETE STREETS Evaluating Complete Streets: The Value of Designing Roads For Diverse Modes, Users and Activities Victoria Transport Policy Institute 6 The old planning paradigm evaluates transport system performance based primarily on vehicle HOW 120 YEARS OF TRANSPORTATION PROGRESS AFFECTS OUR LIVES Our World Accelerated: A Critical Analysis of 120 Years of Transportation Progress Victoria Transport Policy Institute 3 Executive Summary During the last 120 years, motor vehicles became increasingly reliable, comfortable and affordable, and TRANSIT PRICE ELASTICITIES AND CROSS-ELASTICITIES www.vtpi.org Info@vtpi.org 250-508-5150 Todd Litman 2004-2019 You are welcome and encouraged to copy, distribute, share and excerpt this document and its ideas, provided DISTANCE-BASED VEHICLE INSURANCE Distance-Based Vehicle Insurance Victoria Transport Policy Institute 1 Introduction This report explores the feasibility and potential benefits of implementing distance-based vehicle insurance (DBVI, also called pay-as-you-drive, usage-based and per-mile).Insurance is TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSIS SUMMARY Transportation Cost Analysis Summary 4 Basic Concepts for Transportation Costing This section defines some terms used in this report. Let’s begin by defining transportation (or “transport,” which means the same thing and HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION COSTS 4 0 1020 3040 5060 7080 Rt. 123 widening # 3 - Fairfax, VA I-4 Reconstruction - Tampa, FL US 7 Shelburne Rd. - Burlington, VT SunsetHwy - Portland, OR.
SELLING TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT $0 $2,000 $4,000 $6,000 $8,000 $10,000 $12,000 $14,000 $16,000 Car Free One Vehicle Two Vehicles d Taxi/Carshare Bicycle Public Transit Residential Parking Vehicle INCREASING SUSTAINABLE AND AFFORDABLE HOUSING DEVELOPMENT Increasing Sustainable and Affordable Housing Development by Reforming California Tax Credit Allocation Policies 2 1. Introduction The state of California helps finance affordable housing development through tax credits.1 The California Tax Credit Allocation Committee (CTCAC) administers federal and state housing tax credit programs that help finance private investment in affordable rental VICTORIA TRANSPORT INSTITUTE The Victoria Transport Policy Institute is an independent research organization dedicated to developing innovative and practical solutions to transportation problems. We provide a variety of resources available free at this website to help improve transportation planning and policy analysis. We are funded primarily through consulting and TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSIS Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis II – Air Pollution Costs Victoria Transport Policy Institute (www.vtpi.org) 20 March 2020 www.vtpi.org/tca/tca0510.pdf EVALUATING COMPLETE STREETS Evaluating Complete Streets: The Value of Designing Roads For Diverse Modes, Users and Activities Victoria Transport Policy Institute 6 The old planning paradigm evaluates transport system performance based primarily on vehicle HOW 120 YEARS OF TRANSPORTATION PROGRESS AFFECTS OUR LIVES Our World Accelerated: A Critical Analysis of 120 Years of Transportation Progress Victoria Transport Policy Institute 3 Executive Summary During the last 120 years, motor vehicles became increasingly reliable, comfortable and affordable, and TRANSIT PRICE ELASTICITIES AND CROSS-ELASTICITIES www.vtpi.org Info@vtpi.org 250-508-5150 Todd Litman 2004-2019 You are welcome and encouraged to copy, distribute, share and excerpt this document and its ideas, provided DISTANCE-BASED VEHICLE INSURANCE Distance-Based Vehicle Insurance Victoria Transport Policy Institute 1 Introduction This report explores the feasibility and potential benefits of implementing distance-based vehicle insurance (DBVI, also called pay-as-you-drive, usage-based and per-mile).Insurance is TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSIS SUMMARY Transportation Cost Analysis Summary 4 Basic Concepts for Transportation Costing This section defines some terms used in this report. Let’s begin by defining transportation (or “transport,” which means the same thing and HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION COSTS 4 0 1020 3040 5060 7080 Rt. 123 widening # 3 - Fairfax, VA I-4 Reconstruction - Tampa, FL US 7 Shelburne Rd. - Burlington, VT SunsetHwy - Portland, OR.
SELLING TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT $0 $2,000 $4,000 $6,000 $8,000 $10,000 $12,000 $14,000 $16,000 Car Free One Vehicle Two Vehicles d Taxi/Carshare Bicycle Public Transit Residential Parking Vehicle INCREASING SUSTAINABLE AND AFFORDABLE HOUSING DEVELOPMENT Increasing Sustainable and Affordable Housing Development by Reforming California Tax Credit Allocation Policies 2 1. Introduction The state of California helps finance affordable housing development through tax credits.1 The California Tax Credit Allocation Committee (CTCAC) administers federal and state housing tax credit programs that help finance private investment in affordable rental HOW 120 YEARS OF TRANSPORTATION PROGRESS AFFECTS OUR LIVES Our World Accelerated: A Critical Analysis of 120 Years of Transportation Progress Victoria Transport Policy Institute 3 Executive Summary During the last 120 years, motor vehicles became increasingly reliable, comfortable and affordable, and ARNOTT, RICHARD AND KENNETH SMALL, 1994, THE ECONOMICS OF Induced Travel Bibliography. By Robert Noland, Imperial College London. September 2003 . Arnott, Richard and Kenneth Small, 1994, The Economics of Traffic Congestion, American Scientist, 82: 446-455. Barr, Lawrence C., 2000, Testing for the Significance of Induced Highway Travel Demand in Metropolitan Areas, Transportation ResearchRecord 1706: 1-8.
EVALUATING TRANSPORTATION LAND USE IMPACTS Evaluating Transportation Land Use Impacts Victoria Transport Policy Institute 2 Introduction Land use development patterns (also called urban form, built environment, community design, spatial development, and urban geography) refer to human use of the earths surface, including the location, type and design of infrastructure such as roads and buildings. EVALUATING TRANSPORTATION EQUITY Evaluating Transportation Equity Victoria Transport Policy Institute 2 Executive Summary Equity (also called justice or fairness) refers to the distribution of impacts (benefits and costs) and whether they are considered appropriate. Transportation equity analysis is importantand
LAND USE IMPACTS ON TRANSPORT Land Use Impacts On Transportation Victoria Transport Policy Institute 3 Executive Summary This paper investigates how various land use factors affect transport impacts, and therefore the COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF RAIL TRANSIT BENEFITS Victoria Transport Policy Institute 1250 Rudlin Street, Victoria, BC, V8V 3R7, CANADA www.vtpi.org info@vtpi.org Phone & Fax 250-360-1560 6 EVALUATING TRANSIT-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT USING A 6 Evaluating Transit-Oriented Development Using a Sustainability Framework: Lessons from Perth’s Network City John L. Renne Planners and urban designers across the globe are promoting transit- TRANSIT PRICE ELASTICITIES AND CROSS-ELASTICITIES Transit Elasticities and Price Elasticities Victoria Transport Policy Institute 5 Type of Price Change. Transit fares, service quality (service speed, frequency, coverage and TRANSPORTATION COST AND BENEFIT ANALYSIS www.vtpi.org Info@vtpi.org 250-360-1560 Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis Techniques, Estimates and Implications Second Edition (2009) ~~~~~ Executive Summary AFFORDABLE ACCESSIBLE HOUSING IN A DYNAMIC CITY Affordable-Accessible Housing In A Dynamic City Victoria Transport Policy Institute 3 Executive Summary Many hard-working families are stressed by economic forces VICTORIA TRANSPORT INSTITUTE The Victoria Transport Policy Institute is an independent research organization dedicated to developing innovative and practical solutions to transportation problems. We provide a variety of resources available free at this website to help improve transportation planning and policy analysis. We are funded primarily through consulting and 2. TRANSPORTATION COST LITERATURE REVIEW Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis II – Literature Review Victoria Transport Policy Institute (www.vtpi.org) 20 March 2020 www.vtpi.org/tca/tca02.pdf Page 2-1 HOW 120 YEARS OF TRANSPORTATION PROGRESS AFFECTS OUR LIVES www.vtpi.org Info@vtpi.org 250-508-5150 Todd Litman 2020-2021 You are welcome and encouraged to copy, distribute, share and excerpt this document and its ideas, provided TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSIS Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis II – Air Pollution Costs Victoria Transport Policy Institute (www.vtpi.org) 20 March 2020 www.vtpi.org/tca/tca0510.pdf EVALUATING COMPLETE STREETS Evaluating Complete Streets: The Value of Designing Roads For Diverse Modes, Users and Activities Victoria Transport Policy Institute 6 The old planning paradigm evaluates transport system performance based primarily on vehicle TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSIS SUMMARY Transportation Cost Analysis Summary 4 Basic Concepts for Transportation Costing This section defines some terms used in this report. Let’s begin by defining transportation (or “transport,” which means the same thing and HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION COSTS 4 0 1020 3040 5060 7080 Rt. 123 widening # 3 - Fairfax, VA I-4 Reconstruction - Tampa, FL US 7 Shelburne Rd. - Burlington, VT SunsetHwy - Portland, OR.
SELLING TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT $0 $2,000 $4,000 $6,000 $8,000 $10,000 $12,000 $14,000 $16,000 Car Free One Vehicle Two Vehicles d Taxi/Carshare Bicycle Public Transit Residential Parking Vehicle INCREASING SUSTAINABLE AND AFFORDABLE HOUSING DEVELOPMENT Increasing Sustainable and Affordable Housing Development by Reforming California Tax Credit Allocation Policies 2 1. Introduction The state of California helps finance affordable housing development through tax credits.1 The California Tax Credit Allocation Committee (CTCAC) administers federal and state housing tax credit programs that help finance private investment in affordable rental TRANSPORTATION COST AND BENEFIT ANALYSIS www.vtpi.org Info@vtpi.org 250-360-1560 Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis Techniques, Estimates and Implications Second Edition (2009) ~~~~~ Executive Summary VICTORIA TRANSPORT INSTITUTE The Victoria Transport Policy Institute is an independent research organization dedicated to developing innovative and practical solutions to transportation problems. We provide a variety of resources available free at this website to help improve transportation planning and policy analysis. We are funded primarily through consulting and 2. TRANSPORTATION COST LITERATURE REVIEW Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis II – Literature Review Victoria Transport Policy Institute (www.vtpi.org) 20 March 2020 www.vtpi.org/tca/tca02.pdf Page 2-1 HOW 120 YEARS OF TRANSPORTATION PROGRESS AFFECTS OUR LIVES www.vtpi.org Info@vtpi.org 250-508-5150 Todd Litman 2020-2021 You are welcome and encouraged to copy, distribute, share and excerpt this document and its ideas, provided TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSIS Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis II – Air Pollution Costs Victoria Transport Policy Institute (www.vtpi.org) 20 March 2020 www.vtpi.org/tca/tca0510.pdf EVALUATING COMPLETE STREETS Evaluating Complete Streets: The Value of Designing Roads For Diverse Modes, Users and Activities Victoria Transport Policy Institute 6 The old planning paradigm evaluates transport system performance based primarily on vehicle TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSIS SUMMARY Transportation Cost Analysis Summary 4 Basic Concepts for Transportation Costing This section defines some terms used in this report. Let’s begin by defining transportation (or “transport,” which means the same thing and HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION COSTS 4 0 1020 3040 5060 7080 Rt. 123 widening # 3 - Fairfax, VA I-4 Reconstruction - Tampa, FL US 7 Shelburne Rd. - Burlington, VT SunsetHwy - Portland, OR.
SELLING TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT $0 $2,000 $4,000 $6,000 $8,000 $10,000 $12,000 $14,000 $16,000 Car Free One Vehicle Two Vehicles d Taxi/Carshare Bicycle Public Transit Residential Parking Vehicle INCREASING SUSTAINABLE AND AFFORDABLE HOUSING DEVELOPMENT Increasing Sustainable and Affordable Housing Development by Reforming California Tax Credit Allocation Policies 2 1. Introduction The state of California helps finance affordable housing development through tax credits.1 The California Tax Credit Allocation Committee (CTCAC) administers federal and state housing tax credit programs that help finance private investment in affordable rental TRANSPORTATION COST AND BENEFIT ANALYSIS www.vtpi.org Info@vtpi.org 250-360-1560 Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis Techniques, Estimates and Implications Second Edition (2009) ~~~~~ Executive Summary ARNOTT, RICHARD AND KENNETH SMALL, 1994, THE ECONOMICS OF Induced Travel Bibliography. By Robert Noland, Imperial College London. September 2003 . Arnott, Richard and Kenneth Small, 1994, The Economics of Traffic Congestion, American Scientist, 82: 446-455. Barr, Lawrence C., 2000, Testing for the Significance of Induced Highway Travel Demand in Metropolitan Areas, Transportation ResearchRecord 1706: 1-8.
HOW 120 YEARS OF TRANSPORTATION PROGRESS AFFECTS OUR LIVES Our World Accelerated: A Critical Analysis of 120 Years of Transportation Progress Victoria Transport Policy Institute 3 Executive Summary During the last 120 years, motor vehicles became increasingly reliable, comfortable and affordable, and EVALUATING TRANSPORTATION LAND USE IMPACTS Evaluating Transportation Land Use Impacts Victoria Transport Policy Institute 2 Introduction Land use development patterns (also called urban form, built environment, community design, spatial development, and urban geography) refer to human use of the earths surface, including the location, type and design of infrastructure such as roads and buildings. LAND USE IMPACTS ON TRANSPORT Land Use Impacts On Transportation Victoria Transport Policy Institute 3 Executive Summary This paper investigates how various land use factors affect transport impacts, and therefore the COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF RAIL TRANSIT BENEFITS Victoria Transport Policy Institute 1250 Rudlin Street, Victoria, BC, V8V 3R7, CANADA www.vtpi.org info@vtpi.org Phone & Fax 250-360-1560 TRANSIT PRICE ELASTICITIES AND CROSS-ELASTICITIES Transit Elasticities and Price Elasticities Victoria Transport Policy Institute 5 Type of Price Change. Transit fares, service quality (service speed, frequency, coverage and TDM AS A TRAFFIC SAFETY STRATEGY Safe Travels: Evaluating Mobility Management Traffic Safety Impacts Victoria Transport Policy Institute 3 Executive Summary A paradigm shift (a fundamental change in the way problems are defined and potential solutions evaluated) is occurring in transport safety analysis (Litman 2017; Welle, et al. 2018). STRATEGIES, EVALUATION AND PLANNING Parking Management: Strategies, Evaluation and Planning Victoria Transport Policy Institute 2 Introduction Parking is an essential component of the transportation system. 6 EVALUATING TRANSIT-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT USING A 6 Evaluating Transit-Oriented Development Using a Sustainability Framework: Lessons from Perth’s Network City John L. Renne Planners and urban designers across the globe are promoting transit-DIVORCE YOUR CAR
Divorce Your Car. Ending The Love Affair With The Automobile. By Katie Alvord, New Society Publishing (www.newsociety.com), 2000.A new book, “Divorce Your Car” by Katie Alvord, argues that our relationship with automobiles requires intensive therapy. VICTORIA TRANSPORT INSTITUTE The Victoria Transport Policy Institute is an independent research organization dedicated to developing innovative and practical solutions to transportation problems. We provide a variety of resources available free at this website to help improve transportation planning and policy analysis. We are funded primarily through consulting and 2. TRANSPORTATION COST LITERATURE REVIEW Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis II – Literature Review Victoria Transport Policy Institute (www.vtpi.org) 20 March 2020 www.vtpi.org/tca/tca02.pdf Page 2-1 EVALUATING TRANSPORTATION LAND USE IMPACTS Evaluating Transportation Land Use Impacts Victoria Transport Policy Institute 2 Introduction Land use development patterns (also called urban form, built environment, community design, spatial development, and urban geography) refer to human use of the earths surface, including the location, type and design of infrastructure such as roads and buildings. TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSIS Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis II – Air Pollution Costs Victoria Transport Policy Institute (www.vtpi.org) 20 March 2020 www.vtpi.org/tca/tca0510.pdf EVALUATING COMPLETE STREETS Evaluating Complete Streets: The Value of Designing Roads For Diverse Modes, Users and Activities Victoria Transport Policy Institute 6 The old planning paradigm evaluates transport system performance based primarily on vehicle TRANSIT PRICE ELASTICITIES AND CROSS-ELASTICITIES Transit Elasticities and Price Elasticities Victoria Transport Policy Institute 5 Type of Price Change. Transit fares, service quality (service speed, frequency, coverage and ECONOMIC VALUE OF WALKABILITY Economic Value of Walkability Victoria Transport Policy Institute 5 Maintenance Model (World Bank) and MicroBENCOST (TTI 1997) calculate the monetized (measured in monetary units) value of vehicle operating cost savings, safety TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSIS SUMMARY Transportation Cost Analysis Summary 4 Basic Concepts for Transportation Costing This section defines some terms used in this report. Let’s begin by defining transportation (or “transport,” which means the same thing and ISSUES IN SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION Issues in sustainable transportation 333 “The goal of sustainable transportation is to ensure that environment, social and economic considerations are factored into decisions affecting transportation HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION COSTS 4 0 1020 3040 5060 7080 Rt. 123 widening # 3 - Fairfax, VA I-4 Reconstruction - Tampa, FL US 7 Shelburne Rd. - Burlington, VT SunsetHwy - Portland, OR.
VICTORIA TRANSPORT INSTITUTE The Victoria Transport Policy Institute is an independent research organization dedicated to developing innovative and practical solutions to transportation problems. We provide a variety of resources available free at this website to help improve transportation planning and policy analysis. We are funded primarily through consulting and 2. TRANSPORTATION COST LITERATURE REVIEW Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis II – Literature Review Victoria Transport Policy Institute (www.vtpi.org) 20 March 2020 www.vtpi.org/tca/tca02.pdf Page 2-1 EVALUATING TRANSPORTATION LAND USE IMPACTS Evaluating Transportation Land Use Impacts Victoria Transport Policy Institute 2 Introduction Land use development patterns (also called urban form, built environment, community design, spatial development, and urban geography) refer to human use of the earths surface, including the location, type and design of infrastructure such as roads and buildings. TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSIS Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis II – Air Pollution Costs Victoria Transport Policy Institute (www.vtpi.org) 20 March 2020 www.vtpi.org/tca/tca0510.pdf EVALUATING COMPLETE STREETS Evaluating Complete Streets: The Value of Designing Roads For Diverse Modes, Users and Activities Victoria Transport Policy Institute 6 The old planning paradigm evaluates transport system performance based primarily on vehicle TRANSIT PRICE ELASTICITIES AND CROSS-ELASTICITIES Transit Elasticities and Price Elasticities Victoria Transport Policy Institute 5 Type of Price Change. Transit fares, service quality (service speed, frequency, coverage and ECONOMIC VALUE OF WALKABILITY Economic Value of Walkability Victoria Transport Policy Institute 5 Maintenance Model (World Bank) and MicroBENCOST (TTI 1997) calculate the monetized (measured in monetary units) value of vehicle operating cost savings, safety TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSIS SUMMARY Transportation Cost Analysis Summary 4 Basic Concepts for Transportation Costing This section defines some terms used in this report. Let’s begin by defining transportation (or “transport,” which means the same thing and ISSUES IN SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION Issues in sustainable transportation 333 “The goal of sustainable transportation is to ensure that environment, social and economic considerations are factored into decisions affecting transportation HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION COSTS 4 0 1020 3040 5060 7080 Rt. 123 widening # 3 - Fairfax, VA I-4 Reconstruction - Tampa, FL US 7 Shelburne Rd. - Burlington, VT SunsetHwy - Portland, OR.
PLANNING PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES Planning Principles and Practices Victoria Transport Policy Institute 3 Introduction Planning refers to the process of deciding what to do and how to do it. Planning occurs at many levels, from day-to-day decisions made by individuals and families, to complex decisions made TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSIS Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis II – Air Pollution Costs Victoria Transport Policy Institute (www.vtpi.org) 20 March 2020 www.vtpi.org/tca/tca0510.pdf COMPREHENSIVE TRANSPORT PLANNING FRAMEWORK Comprehensive Transport Planning Victoria Transport Policy Institute 2 Executive Summary Conventional transport planning tends to focus on a limited set of evaluation criteria (the factors considered in theplanning process).
DISTANCE-BASED VEHICLE INSURANCE Distance-Based Vehicle Insurance Victoria Transport Policy Institute 1 Introduction This report explores the feasibility and potential benefits of implementing distance-based vehicle insurance (DBVI, also called pay-as-you-drive, usage-based and per-mile).Insurance is INTRODUCTION TO MULTI-MODAL TRANSPORTATION PLANNING Multi-Modal Transportation Planning Victoria Transport Policy Institute 8 Multimodal Planning Concepts Multi-modal planning refers to planning that considers various modes (walking, cycling, automobile, public transit, etc.) and connections among modes. 5.6 ROADWAY FACILITY COSTS Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis II – Roadway Costs Victoria Transport Policy Institute (www.vtpi.org) 20 March 2020 www.vtpi.org/tca/tca0506.pdf 6 EVALUATING TRANSIT-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT USING A 120 Transit-Oriented Development and Sustainability ravation and the ‘broken window syndrome,’ 7. relatively high land costs, 8. antiquated zoning and regulatory barriers, 9. lack of institutionalcom-
RAIL TRANSIT IN AMERICA Rail Transit In America: Comprehensive Evaluation of Benefits Victoria Transport Policy Institute 3 Figure ES-2 Transportation Performance Comparison 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% 140% 160% AFFORDABLE ACCESSIBLE HOUSING IN A DYNAMIC CITY Affordable-Accessible Housing In A Dynamic City Victoria Transport Policy Institute 3 Executive Summary Many hard-working families are stressed by economic forces TRANSPORTATION COST AND BENEFIT ANALYSIS www.vtpi.org Info@vtpi.org 250-360-1560 Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis Techniques, Estimates and Implications Second Edition (2009) ~~~~~ Executive Summary VICTORIA TRANSPORT INSTITUTE The Victoria Transport Policy Institute is an independent research organization dedicated to developing innovative and practical solutions to transportation problems. We provide a variety of resources available free at this website to help improve transportation planning and policy analysis. We are funded primarily through consulting and EVALUATING COMPLETE STREETS Evaluating Complete Streets: The Value of Designing Roads For Diverse Modes, Users and Activities Victoria Transport Policy Institute 6 The old planning paradigm evaluates transport system performance based primarily on vehicle HOW 120 YEARS OF TRANSPORTATION PROGRESS AFFECTS OUR LIVES www.vtpi.org Info@vtpi.org 250-508-5150 Todd Litman 2020-2021 You are welcome and encouraged to copy, distribute, share and excerpt this document and its ideas, provided TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSIS Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis II – Air Pollution Costs Victoria Transport Policy Institute (www.vtpi.org) 20 March 2020 www.vtpi.org/tca/tca0510.pdf TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSIS SUMMARY Transportation Cost Analysis Summary 4 Basic Concepts for Transportation Costing This section defines some terms used in this report. Let’s begin by defining transportation (or “transport,” which means the same thing and DISTANCE-BASED VEHICLE INSURANCE Distance-Based Vehicle Insurance Victoria Transport Policy Institute 1 Introduction This report explores the feasibility and potential benefits of implementing distance-based vehicle insurance (DBVI, also called pay-as-you-drive, usage-based and per-mile).Insurance is HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION COSTS 4 0 1020 3040 5060 7080 Rt. 123 widening # 3 - Fairfax, VA I-4 Reconstruction - Tampa, FL US 7 Shelburne Rd. - Burlington, VT SunsetHwy - Portland, OR.
SELLING TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT $0 $2,000 $4,000 $6,000 $8,000 $10,000 $12,000 $14,000 $16,000 Car Free One Vehicle Two Vehicles d Taxi/Carshare Bicycle Public Transit Residential Parking Vehicle TRANSPORTATION COST AND BENEFIT ANALYSIS www.vtpi.org Info@vtpi.org 250-360-1560 Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis Techniques, Estimates and Implications Second Edition (2009) ~~~~~ Executive Summary BICYCLING RENAISSANCE IN NORTH AMERICA? RECENT TRENDS AND Bicycling renaissance in North America? Recent trends and alternative policies to promote bicycling John Pucher a, Charles Komanoff b, Paul Schimek c aDepartment of Urban Planning, Rutgers University, 33 Livingston Avenue, Suite 302, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-1900, USA, pucher@rci.rutgers.edu VICTORIA TRANSPORT INSTITUTE The Victoria Transport Policy Institute is an independent research organization dedicated to developing innovative and practical solutions to transportation problems. We provide a variety of resources available free at this website to help improve transportation planning and policy analysis. We are funded primarily through consulting and EVALUATING COMPLETE STREETS Evaluating Complete Streets: The Value of Designing Roads For Diverse Modes, Users and Activities Victoria Transport Policy Institute 6 The old planning paradigm evaluates transport system performance based primarily on vehicle HOW 120 YEARS OF TRANSPORTATION PROGRESS AFFECTS OUR LIVES www.vtpi.org Info@vtpi.org 250-508-5150 Todd Litman 2020-2021 You are welcome and encouraged to copy, distribute, share and excerpt this document and its ideas, provided TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSIS Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis II – Air Pollution Costs Victoria Transport Policy Institute (www.vtpi.org) 20 March 2020 www.vtpi.org/tca/tca0510.pdf TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSIS SUMMARY Transportation Cost Analysis Summary 4 Basic Concepts for Transportation Costing This section defines some terms used in this report. Let’s begin by defining transportation (or “transport,” which means the same thing and DISTANCE-BASED VEHICLE INSURANCE Distance-Based Vehicle Insurance Victoria Transport Policy Institute 1 Introduction This report explores the feasibility and potential benefits of implementing distance-based vehicle insurance (DBVI, also called pay-as-you-drive, usage-based and per-mile).Insurance is HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION COSTS 4 0 1020 3040 5060 7080 Rt. 123 widening # 3 - Fairfax, VA I-4 Reconstruction - Tampa, FL US 7 Shelburne Rd. - Burlington, VT SunsetHwy - Portland, OR.
SELLING TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT $0 $2,000 $4,000 $6,000 $8,000 $10,000 $12,000 $14,000 $16,000 Car Free One Vehicle Two Vehicles d Taxi/Carshare Bicycle Public Transit Residential Parking Vehicle TRANSPORTATION COST AND BENEFIT ANALYSIS www.vtpi.org Info@vtpi.org 250-360-1560 Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis Techniques, Estimates and Implications Second Edition (2009) ~~~~~ Executive Summary BICYCLING RENAISSANCE IN NORTH AMERICA? RECENT TRENDS AND Bicycling renaissance in North America? Recent trends and alternative policies to promote bicycling John Pucher a, Charles Komanoff b, Paul Schimek c aDepartment of Urban Planning, Rutgers University, 33 Livingston Avenue, Suite 302, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-1900, USA, pucher@rci.rutgers.edu VICTORIA TRANSPORT INSTITUTE The Victoria Transport Policy Institute is an independent research organization dedicated to developing innovative and practical solutions to transportation problems. We provide a variety of resources available free at this website to help improve transportation planning and policy analysis. We are funded primarily through consulting and 2. TRANSPORTATION COST LITERATURE REVIEW Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis II – Literature Review Victoria Transport Policy Institute (www.vtpi.org) 20 March 2020 www.vtpi.org/tca/tca02.pdf Page 2-1 TRANSIT PRICE ELASTICITIES AND CROSS-ELASTICITIES www.vtpi.org Info@vtpi.org 250-508-5150 Todd Litman 2004-2019 You are welcome and encouraged to copy, distribute, share and excerpt this document and its ideas, provided UNDERSTANDING TRANSPORT DEMANDS AND ELASTICITIES HOW Understanding Transport Demands and Elasticities Victoria Transport Policy Institute 2 Executive Summary Travel demand refers to the amount and type of travel that people would choose in particular situations. Various demographic, geographic and economic factors canaffect
ARNOTT, RICHARD AND KENNETH SMALL, 1994, THE ECONOMICS OF Induced Travel Bibliography. By Robert Noland, Imperial College London. September 2003 . Arnott, Richard and Kenneth Small, 1994, The Economics of Traffic Congestion, American Scientist, 82: 446-455. Barr, Lawrence C., 2000, Testing for the Significance of Induced Highway Travel Demand in Metropolitan Areas, Transportation ResearchRecord 1706: 1-8.
TDM AS A TRAFFIC SAFETY STRATEGY Safe Travels: Evaluating Mobility Management Traffic Safety Impacts Victoria Transport Policy Institute 3 Executive Summary A paradigm shift (a fundamental change in the way problems are defined and potential solutions evaluated) is occurring in transport safety analysis (Litman 2017; Welle, et al. 2018). STRATEGIES, EVALUATION AND PLANNING Parking Management: Strategies, Evaluation and Planning Victoria Transport Policy Institute 2 Introduction Parking is an essential component of the transportation system. COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF RAIL TRANSIT BENEFITS Victoria Transport Policy Institute 1250 Rudlin Street, Victoria, BC, V8V 3R7, CANADA www.vtpi.org info@vtpi.org Phone & Fax 250-360-1560 SMART TRANSPORTATION ECONOMIC STIMULATION Smart Transportation Economic Stimulation Victoria Transport Policy Institute 1 Introduction Economic stimulation refers to policies and investments that increase employment andDIVORCE YOUR CAR
Divorce Your Car. Ending The Love Affair With The Automobile. By Katie Alvord, New Society Publishing (www.newsociety.com), 2000.A new book, “Divorce Your Car” by Katie Alvord, argues that our relationship with automobiles requires intensive therapy. VICTORIA TRANSPORT INSTITUTE The Victoria Transport Policy Institute is an independent research organization dedicated to developing innovative and practical solutions to transportation problems. We provide a variety of resources available free at this website to help improve transportation planning and policy analysis. We are funded primarily through consulting and EVALUATING COMPLETE STREETS Evaluating Complete Streets: The Value of Designing Roads For Diverse Modes, Users and Activities Victoria Transport Policy Institute 6 The old planning paradigm evaluates transport system performance based primarily on vehicle TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSIS Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis II – Air Pollution Costs Victoria Transport Policy Institute (www.vtpi.org) 20 March 2020 www.vtpi.org/tca/tca0510.pdf TRANSIT PRICE ELASTICITIES AND CROSS-ELASTICITIESCROSS PRICE ELASTICITY NEGATIVE MEANINGNEGATIVE PRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMANDPOSITIVE PRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMAND Transit Elasticities and Price Elasticities Victoria Transport Policy Institute 5 Type of Price Change. Transit fares, service quality (service speed, frequency, coverage and STRATEGIES, EVALUATION AND PLANNING Parking Management: Strategies, Evaluation and Planning Victoria Transport Policy Institute 2 Introduction Parking is an essential component of the transportation system. SMART TRANSPORTATION EMISSION REDUCTION STRATEGIES Smart Transportation Emission Reductions Victoria Transport Policy Institute 3 Studies provide an emission reduction supply curve (strategies ranked from lowest to increasing cost per ton of emissions reduced), so decision-makers can select the set of LOCAL FUNDING OPTIONS FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION Local Funding Options for Public Transportation Victoria Transport Policy Institute 6 The report, Sustainable Urban Transport Financing from the Sidewalk to the Subway : Capital, Operations, and Maintenance Financing (Ardila-Gomez and Ortegon-Sanchez 2016), published by the World Bank, evaluates 24 potential urban transportation funding options in terms of their advantages, HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION COSTS 4 0 1020 3040 5060 7080 Rt. 123 widening # 3 - Fairfax, VA I-4 Reconstruction - Tampa, FL US 7 Shelburne Rd. - Burlington, VT SunsetHwy - Portland, OR.
BICYCLING RENAISSANCE IN NORTH AMERICA? RECENT TRENDS AND Bicycling renaissance in North America? Recent trends and alternative policies to promote bicycling John Pucher a, Charles Komanoff b, Paul Schimek c aDepartment of Urban Planning, Rutgers University, 33 Livingston Avenue, Suite 302, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-1900, USA, pucher@rci.rutgers.edu SELLING TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT $0 $2,000 $4,000 $6,000 $8,000 $10,000 $12,000 $14,000 $16,000 Car Free One Vehicle Two Vehicles d Taxi/Carshare Bicycle Public Transit Residential Parking Vehicle VICTORIA TRANSPORT INSTITUTE The Victoria Transport Policy Institute is an independent research organization dedicated to developing innovative and practical solutions to transportation problems. We provide a variety of resources available free at this website to help improve transportation planning and policy analysis. We are funded primarily through consulting and EVALUATING COMPLETE STREETS Evaluating Complete Streets: The Value of Designing Roads For Diverse Modes, Users and Activities Victoria Transport Policy Institute 6 The old planning paradigm evaluates transport system performance based primarily on vehicle TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSIS Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis II – Air Pollution Costs Victoria Transport Policy Institute (www.vtpi.org) 20 March 2020 www.vtpi.org/tca/tca0510.pdf TRANSIT PRICE ELASTICITIES AND CROSS-ELASTICITIESCROSS PRICE ELASTICITY NEGATIVE MEANINGNEGATIVE PRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMANDPOSITIVE PRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMAND Transit Elasticities and Price Elasticities Victoria Transport Policy Institute 5 Type of Price Change. Transit fares, service quality (service speed, frequency, coverage and STRATEGIES, EVALUATION AND PLANNING Parking Management: Strategies, Evaluation and Planning Victoria Transport Policy Institute 2 Introduction Parking is an essential component of the transportation system. SMART TRANSPORTATION EMISSION REDUCTION STRATEGIES Smart Transportation Emission Reductions Victoria Transport Policy Institute 3 Studies provide an emission reduction supply curve (strategies ranked from lowest to increasing cost per ton of emissions reduced), so decision-makers can select the set of LOCAL FUNDING OPTIONS FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION Local Funding Options for Public Transportation Victoria Transport Policy Institute 6 The report, Sustainable Urban Transport Financing from the Sidewalk to the Subway : Capital, Operations, and Maintenance Financing (Ardila-Gomez and Ortegon-Sanchez 2016), published by the World Bank, evaluates 24 potential urban transportation funding options in terms of their advantages, HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION COSTS 4 0 1020 3040 5060 7080 Rt. 123 widening # 3 - Fairfax, VA I-4 Reconstruction - Tampa, FL US 7 Shelburne Rd. - Burlington, VT SunsetHwy - Portland, OR.
BICYCLING RENAISSANCE IN NORTH AMERICA? RECENT TRENDS AND Bicycling renaissance in North America? Recent trends and alternative policies to promote bicycling John Pucher a, Charles Komanoff b, Paul Schimek c aDepartment of Urban Planning, Rutgers University, 33 Livingston Avenue, Suite 302, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-1900, USA, pucher@rci.rutgers.edu SELLING TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT $0 $2,000 $4,000 $6,000 $8,000 $10,000 $12,000 $14,000 $16,000 Car Free One Vehicle Two Vehicles d Taxi/Carshare Bicycle Public Transit Residential Parking Vehicle 2. TRANSPORTATION COST LITERATURE REVIEW Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis II – Literature Review Victoria Transport Policy Institute (www.vtpi.org) 20 March 2020 www.vtpi.org/tca/tca02.pdf Page 2-1 TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSIS Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis II – Air Pollution Costs Victoria Transport Policy Institute (www.vtpi.org) 20 March 2020 www.vtpi.org/tca/tca0510.pdf 5.4 PARKING COSTS 5.4.1 CHAPTER INDEX Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis II – Parking Costs Victoria Transport Policy Institute (www.vtpi.org) Driveway 20 March 2020 www.vtpi.org/tca/tca0504.pdf TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSIS SUMMARY Transportation Cost Analysis Summary 4 Basic Concepts for Transportation Costing This section defines some terms used in this report. Let’s begin by defining transportation (or “transport,” which means the same thing and TDM AS A TRAFFIC SAFETY STRATEGY Safe Travels: Evaluating Mobility Management Traffic Safety Impacts Victoria Transport Policy Institute 3 Executive Summary A paradigm shift (a fundamental change in the way problems are defined and potential solutions evaluated) is occurring in transport safety analysis (Litman 2017; Welle, et al. 2018). ECONOMIC VALUE OF WALKABILITY Economic Value of Walkability Victoria Transport Policy Institute 5 Maintenance Model (World Bank) and MicroBENCOST (TTI 1997) calculate the monetized (measured in monetary units) value of vehicle operating cost savings, safety CONGESTION COSTING CRITIQUE Congestion Costing Critique: Critical Evaluation of the “Urban Mobility Report” Victoria Transport Policy Institute 3 Executive Summary The Texas Transportation Institute’s Urban Mobility Report (UMR) is a widely cited source of congestion cost estimates and congestion reduction recommendations. TRANSPORTATION COST AND BENEFIT ANALYSIS www.vtpi.org Info@vtpi.org 250-360-1560 Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis Techniques, Estimates and Implications Second Edition (2009) ~~~~~ Executive Summary CRITIQUE OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS Critique of NAHB Research of Smart Growth Emission Reduction Impacts Victoria Transport Policy Institute 3 Introduction The disciplines of geography, transport planning and modeling, and urban economicsrecognize that the
URBAN-RURAL DIFFERENCES IN MOBILITY AND MODE CHOICE Pucher and Renne Urban-Rural Differences in Mobility and Mode Choice 4 overall density of at least 500 people per square mile. In addition, under certain conditions, less VICTORIA TRANSPORT INSTITUTE The Victoria Transport Policy Institute is an independent research organization dedicated to developing innovative and practical solutions to transportation problems. We provide a variety of resources available free at this website to help improve transportation planning and policy analysis. We are funded primarily through consulting and EVALUATING COMPLETE STREETS Evaluating Complete Streets: The Value of Designing Roads For Diverse Modes, Users and Activities Victoria Transport Policy Institute 6 The old planning paradigm evaluates transport system performance based primarily on vehicle TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSIS Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis II – Air Pollution Costs Victoria Transport Policy Institute (www.vtpi.org) 20 March 2020 www.vtpi.org/tca/tca0510.pdf TRANSIT PRICE ELASTICITIES AND CROSS-ELASTICITIESCROSS PRICE ELASTICITY NEGATIVE MEANINGNEGATIVE PRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMANDPOSITIVE PRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMAND Transit Elasticities and Price Elasticities Victoria Transport Policy Institute 5 Type of Price Change. Transit fares, service quality (service speed, frequency, coverage and STRATEGIES, EVALUATION AND PLANNING Parking Management: Strategies, Evaluation and Planning Victoria Transport Policy Institute 2 Introduction Parking is an essential component of the transportation system. SMART TRANSPORTATION EMISSION REDUCTION STRATEGIES Smart Transportation Emission Reductions Victoria Transport Policy Institute 3 Studies provide an emission reduction supply curve (strategies ranked from lowest to increasing cost per ton of emissions reduced), so decision-makers can select the set of LOCAL FUNDING OPTIONS FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION Local Funding Options for Public Transportation Victoria Transport Policy Institute 6 The report, Sustainable Urban Transport Financing from the Sidewalk to the Subway : Capital, Operations, and Maintenance Financing (Ardila-Gomez and Ortegon-Sanchez 2016), published by the World Bank, evaluates 24 potential urban transportation funding options in terms of their advantages, HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION COSTS 4 0 1020 3040 5060 7080 Rt. 123 widening # 3 - Fairfax, VA I-4 Reconstruction - Tampa, FL US 7 Shelburne Rd. - Burlington, VT SunsetHwy - Portland, OR.
BICYCLING RENAISSANCE IN NORTH AMERICA? RECENT TRENDS AND Bicycling renaissance in North America? Recent trends and alternative policies to promote bicycling John Pucher a, Charles Komanoff b, Paul Schimek c aDepartment of Urban Planning, Rutgers University, 33 Livingston Avenue, Suite 302, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-1900, USA, pucher@rci.rutgers.edu SELLING TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT $0 $2,000 $4,000 $6,000 $8,000 $10,000 $12,000 $14,000 $16,000 Car Free One Vehicle Two Vehicles d Taxi/Carshare Bicycle Public Transit Residential Parking Vehicle VICTORIA TRANSPORT INSTITUTE The Victoria Transport Policy Institute is an independent research organization dedicated to developing innovative and practical solutions to transportation problems. We provide a variety of resources available free at this website to help improve transportation planning and policy analysis. We are funded primarily through consulting and EVALUATING COMPLETE STREETS Evaluating Complete Streets: The Value of Designing Roads For Diverse Modes, Users and Activities Victoria Transport Policy Institute 6 The old planning paradigm evaluates transport system performance based primarily on vehicle TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSIS Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis II – Air Pollution Costs Victoria Transport Policy Institute (www.vtpi.org) 20 March 2020 www.vtpi.org/tca/tca0510.pdf TRANSIT PRICE ELASTICITIES AND CROSS-ELASTICITIESCROSS PRICE ELASTICITY NEGATIVE MEANINGNEGATIVE PRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMANDPOSITIVE PRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMAND Transit Elasticities and Price Elasticities Victoria Transport Policy Institute 5 Type of Price Change. Transit fares, service quality (service speed, frequency, coverage and STRATEGIES, EVALUATION AND PLANNING Parking Management: Strategies, Evaluation and Planning Victoria Transport Policy Institute 2 Introduction Parking is an essential component of the transportation system. SMART TRANSPORTATION EMISSION REDUCTION STRATEGIES Smart Transportation Emission Reductions Victoria Transport Policy Institute 3 Studies provide an emission reduction supply curve (strategies ranked from lowest to increasing cost per ton of emissions reduced), so decision-makers can select the set of LOCAL FUNDING OPTIONS FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION Local Funding Options for Public Transportation Victoria Transport Policy Institute 6 The report, Sustainable Urban Transport Financing from the Sidewalk to the Subway : Capital, Operations, and Maintenance Financing (Ardila-Gomez and Ortegon-Sanchez 2016), published by the World Bank, evaluates 24 potential urban transportation funding options in terms of their advantages, HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION COSTS 4 0 1020 3040 5060 7080 Rt. 123 widening # 3 - Fairfax, VA I-4 Reconstruction - Tampa, FL US 7 Shelburne Rd. - Burlington, VT SunsetHwy - Portland, OR.
BICYCLING RENAISSANCE IN NORTH AMERICA? RECENT TRENDS AND Bicycling renaissance in North America? Recent trends and alternative policies to promote bicycling John Pucher a, Charles Komanoff b, Paul Schimek c aDepartment of Urban Planning, Rutgers University, 33 Livingston Avenue, Suite 302, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-1900, USA, pucher@rci.rutgers.edu SELLING TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT $0 $2,000 $4,000 $6,000 $8,000 $10,000 $12,000 $14,000 $16,000 Car Free One Vehicle Two Vehicles d Taxi/Carshare Bicycle Public Transit Residential Parking Vehicle 2. TRANSPORTATION COST LITERATURE REVIEW Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis II – Literature Review Victoria Transport Policy Institute (www.vtpi.org) 20 March 2020 www.vtpi.org/tca/tca02.pdf Page 2-1 TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSIS Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis II – Air Pollution Costs Victoria Transport Policy Institute (www.vtpi.org) 20 March 2020 www.vtpi.org/tca/tca0510.pdf 5.4 PARKING COSTS 5.4.1 CHAPTER INDEX Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis II – Parking Costs Victoria Transport Policy Institute (www.vtpi.org) Driveway 20 March 2020 www.vtpi.org/tca/tca0504.pdf TRANSPORTATION COST ANALYSIS SUMMARY Transportation Cost Analysis Summary 4 Basic Concepts for Transportation Costing This section defines some terms used in this report. Let’s begin by defining transportation (or “transport,” which means the same thing and TDM AS A TRAFFIC SAFETY STRATEGY Safe Travels: Evaluating Mobility Management Traffic Safety Impacts Victoria Transport Policy Institute 3 Executive Summary A paradigm shift (a fundamental change in the way problems are defined and potential solutions evaluated) is occurring in transport safety analysis (Litman 2017; Welle, et al. 2018). ECONOMIC VALUE OF WALKABILITY Economic Value of Walkability Victoria Transport Policy Institute 5 Maintenance Model (World Bank) and MicroBENCOST (TTI 1997) calculate the monetized (measured in monetary units) value of vehicle operating cost savings, safety CONGESTION COSTING CRITIQUE Congestion Costing Critique: Critical Evaluation of the “Urban Mobility Report” Victoria Transport Policy Institute 3 Executive Summary The Texas Transportation Institute’s Urban Mobility Report (UMR) is a widely cited source of congestion cost estimates and congestion reduction recommendations. TRANSPORTATION COST AND BENEFIT ANALYSIS www.vtpi.org Info@vtpi.org 250-360-1560 Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis Techniques, Estimates and Implications Second Edition (2009) ~~~~~ Executive Summary CRITIQUE OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS Critique of NAHB Research of Smart Growth Emission Reduction Impacts Victoria Transport Policy Institute 3 Introduction The disciplines of geography, transport planning and modeling, and urban economicsrecognize that the
URBAN-RURAL DIFFERENCES IN MOBILITY AND MODE CHOICE Pucher and Renne Urban-Rural Differences in Mobility and Mode Choice 4 overall density of at least 500 people per square mile. In addition, under certain conditions, lessHome
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The Victoria Transport Policy Institute is an INDEPENDENT RESEARCH ORGANIZATION DEDICATED TO DEVELOPING INNOVATIVE AND PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS TO TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS. We provide a variety of RESOURCES AVAILABLE FREE at this website to HELP IMPROVE TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AND POLICY ANALYSIS. We are funded primarily through consulting and project grants. Our research is among the most current available and has been widely applied. It can help you: * IDENTIFY BETTER SOLUTIONS to transportation problems, including some approaches that are frequently overlooked or misunderstood. * IDENTIFY THE FULL BENEFITS, COSTS AND EQUITY IMPACTS of alternative transportation policies and programs. * COMPARE AND EVALUATE alternatives. * CREATE A BRIDGE between theory and practice. Click here for PLANETIZEN Blogs: * _SMART CONGESTION COSTING: A CRITICAL EVALUATION OF THE 'URBAN MOBILITY REPORT'_. The new "Urban Mobility Report" provides widely-cited congestion cost estimates. However, its analysis is neither comprehensive nor objective. Anybody using these estimates should understand its omissions and biases. * _THE 'WAR ON CARS' IS A BAD JOKE_. There is no war on cars. Everybody, including motorists, benefit from a more diverse and efficient transportation system. Let there be peace! * _PLANNERS CAN HELP INCREASE OPPORTUNITY AND FAIRNESS_ Transportation and land use planning decisions affect economic opportunity and mobility—the chance that children become more economically successful than their parents. We can help create more equitablecommunities.
* _FUN WITH STATISTICS: FACTORS AFFECTING MOTOR VEHICLE TRAVEL_. A few graphs provide insights into factors that affect the amount of motor vehicle travel in a community, and how driving can be reduced. * _BREAKING THE CYCLE OF AUTOMOBILE DEPENDENCY_. Many current planning practices reinforce a cycle of increased automobile use, more automobile-oriented community redevelopment, and reduced mobility options. There are good reasons to break this pattern. * _WHAT THE MARKET CAN BEAR: DEFINING LIMITS TO INCLUSIVE HOUSING REQUIREMENTS_ Inclusivity requirements should be used with caution. Increasing the portion of below-market housing units tends to reduce total housing production, particularly moderate-priced homes. Click here for Todd Litman's FACEBOOK page Click here for Todd Litman's RESUMENEWEST RESOURCES
CONGESTION COSTING CRITIQUE: CRITICAL EVALUATION OF THE “URBANMOBILITY REPORT”
THE _URBAN MOBILITY REPORT_ (UMR) IS A WIDELY-CITED STUDY THAT ESTIMATES U.S. TRAFFIC CONGESTION COSTS AND RECOMMENDS CONGESTION REDUCTION SOLUTIONS. THIS STUDY IDENTIFIES VARIOUS BIASES IN THE UMR’S ANALYSIS. AS A RESULT OF THESE PROBLEMS THE UMR’S CONGESTION COST ESTIMATES REPRESENT UPPER-BOUND VALUES, WHICH ARE MUCH HIGHER THAN THE RESULTS FROM OTHER STUDIES THAT USE MORE REALISTIC ASSUMPTIONS. THE UMR IGNORES BASIC RESEARCH PRINCIPLES: IT INCLUDES NO CURRENT LITERATURE REVIEW, FAILS TO FULLY EXPLAIN ASSUMPTIONS AND DOCUMENT SOURCES, HAS NO SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS, AND LACKS INDEPENDENT PEER REVIEW. USERS OF THIS REPORT SHOULD BE AWARE OF THESE BIASES ANDOMISSIONS.
SMART CONGESTION RELIEF: COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF TRAFFIC CONGESTION COSTS AND CONGESTION REDUCTION STRATEGIES HOW TRAFFIC CONGESTION IS EVALUATED CAN SIGNIFICANTLY AFFECT TRANSPORT PLANNING DECISIONS. THIS REPORT INVESTIGATES THE BEST METHODS FOR MEASURING CONGESTION COSTS AND EVALUATING POTENTIAL CONGESTION REDUCTION STRATEGIES. KEY FACTORS INCLUDE ANALYSIS SCOPE, BASELINE SPEEDS, TRAVEL TIME VALUATION, ACCIDENT AND EMISSION IMPACT ANALYSIS, INDUCED TRAVEL ANALYSIS, AND CONSIDERATION OF CO-BENEFITS. IT DISCUSSES HOW THESE FACTORS INFLUENCE PLANNING DECISIONS AND DESCRIBES THE PRACTICES RECOMMENDED BY EXPERTS. IT EVALUATES VARIOUS CONGESTION REDUCTION STRATEGIES INCLUDING ROADWAY EXPANSION, IMPROVEMENT OF SPACE EFFICIENT MODES, PRICING REFORMS, SMART GROWTH POLICIES AND DEMAND MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS. RETHINKING MALAHAT SOLUTIONS: OR, WHY SPEND A BILLION DOLLARS IF A FIVE-MILLION DOLLAR SOLUTION IS BETTER OVERALL? THIS REPORT EVALUATES VARIOUS OPTIONS FOR REDUCING TRAFFIC PROBLEMS ON THE MALAHAT HIGHWAY NORTH OF VICTORIA, BRITISH COLUMBIA. THIS ANALYSIS INDICATES THAT A COMBINATION OF BUS SERVICE IMPROVEMENTS, TRANSPORTATION DEMAND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES AND INCREMENTAL ROADWAY IMPROVEMENTS IS THE MOST COST EFFECTIVE AND BENEFICIAL OPTION. IN ADDITION TO FINANCIAL SAVINGS IT PROVIDES ADDITIONAL BENEFITS INCLUDING REDUCED DRIVER STRESS, CONSUMER SAVINGS AND AFFORDABILITY, REDUCED DOWNSTREAM TRAFFIC PROBLEMS, ENERGY CONSERVATION, EMISSION REDUCTION AND IMPROVED MOBILITY FOR NON-DRIVERS. CURRENT PLANNING TENDS TO UNDERVALUE THIS APPROACH BY IGNORING MANY HIGHWAY EXPANSION COSTS AND TRAFFIC REDUCTION BENEFITS. RURAL MULTIMODAL PLANNING. WHY AND HOW TO IMPROVE TRAVEL OPTIONS IN SMALL TOWNS AND RURAL COMMUNITIES MULTIMODAL PLANNING CREATES COMMUNITIES WHERE IT IS POSSIBLE TO GET AROUND BY WALKING, BICYCLING AND PUBLIC TRANSPORT. THIS PROVIDES VARIOUS DIRECT AND INDIRECT BENEFITS. THIS REPORT EXPLORES WHY AND HOW TO IMPLEMENT MORE MULTIMODAL PLANNING IN RURAL AREAS AND SMALL TOWNS. CURRENT DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC TRENDS ARE INCREASING NON-AUTO TRAVEL DEMANDS IN RURAL COMMUNITIES. VARIOUS STRATEGIES CAN HELP RURAL COMMUNITIES IMPROVE AND CONNECT WALKING, CYCLING, PUBLIC TRANSPORT, INCLUDING INNOVATIVE FACILITIES AND SERVICES, AND SMART GROWTH DEVELOPMENT POLICIES. Our goal is to make this information widely available. You are welcome to QUOTE AND COPY FROM VTPI DOCUMENTS, PROVIDED YOU CREDIT THEAUTHORS.
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