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SHEEP 201: SHEEP DISEASES A-ZSHEEP 101HOUSINGNUTRIENT REQUIREMENTSLAMBING PROCESSNEWBORN CAREPASTURE Listing of sheep diseases, A-Z. This chapter is meant to provide an overview of the diseases that can affect sheep and lambs. For more information, including more detailed treatment options, you need to consult an animal health reference or seek advice from a qualified veterinarian or other animal health professional. SHEEP 201: DRUG USE IN SHEEP Aureomycin is the only antibiotic currently approved for use in the feed for sheep. Under the new regulations, aureomycin may be fed at a rate of 80 mg per head per day for prevention of abortion caused by campylobacter spp. Antibiotics can no long be SHEEP 201: ENTERPRISE BUDGETING Budget explantation Before you construct a budget for an agricultural enterprise, you first have to make some assumptions. In this sample budget, flock composition is the number of breeding ewes and rams inthe flock.
SHEEP 201: BALANCING RATIONS Programs usually allow the user to alter the nutrient requirements and feed compositions and add custom feeds. Balancing rations by hand. Rations can be balanced by hand using paper, a pencil, and simple math. Step 1. Describe the animals. You're going to balance a ration for mature ewes that average about 155 lbs. SHEEP 201: COCCIDIOSIS Coccidia can infect many animals, but especially mammals and birds. Coccidiosis is one of the most economically important diseases of sheep. It is caused by microscopic, single cell protozoan parasites of the genus Eimeria. With few exceptions, coccidia are host-specific meaning there is no cross-infection between hosts. SHEEP 201: GETTING READY FOR LAMBING Facilities. Getting the lambing facility ready is as important as having the sheep ready for lambing. The lambing barn or area should be clean. Ideally, the barn should be cleaned and limed. Fresh bedding should be spread before turning the ewes in. Drafts in the lambing barn should be eliminated. SHEEP 201: DOCKING AND CASTRATING According to the last (USDA APHIS) NAHMS Study, 78.6 percent of US sheep operations docked lambs (2010); 81.5 percent of lambs were docked. Three quarters of US operations castrated ram lambs. The average age of castration was 24.7 days. Docking. Docking improves the health and welfare of sheep and lambs. SHEEP 201: CARE OF NEWBORN LAMBS Complications with newborn lambs The major killers of newborn lambs are starvation, hypothermia, scours, and pneumonia. A study at the U.S. Sheep Experiment Station (in Dubois, Idaho) showed that 46 percent of lamb mortality is caused by scours (diarrhea), 20 percent by starvation, and 8 percent by pneumonia. SHEEP 201: REPRODUCTION IN THE RAM Reproduction in the ram. The ram is the most important member of the flock, yet often the most neglected. Not only does he contribute most of the genetics to the flock, but his success as a breeder will go a long way towards ensuring a profitable lamb crop. SHEEP 101 HOME PAGEHOMEABOUT SHEEPKINDS OF SHEEPRAISING SHEEPSHEEP PRODUCTSWHAT SHEEP EAT Welcome to Sheep 101. The purpose of Sheep 101 is to teach 4-H and FFA members, students, teachers, beginning shepherds, and the general public about sheep, their products, how they are raised, and their contributions to mankind. The site uses simple language and pictures to illustrate the various topics. To begin learning about sheep, clickon
SHEEP 201: SHEEP DISEASES A-ZSHEEP 101HOUSINGNUTRIENT REQUIREMENTSLAMBING PROCESSNEWBORN CAREPASTURE Listing of sheep diseases, A-Z. This chapter is meant to provide an overview of the diseases that can affect sheep and lambs. For more information, including more detailed treatment options, you need to consult an animal health reference or seek advice from a qualified veterinarian or other animal health professional. SHEEP 201: DRUG USE IN SHEEP Aureomycin is the only antibiotic currently approved for use in the feed for sheep. Under the new regulations, aureomycin may be fed at a rate of 80 mg per head per day for prevention of abortion caused by campylobacter spp. Antibiotics can no long be SHEEP 201: ENTERPRISE BUDGETING Budget explantation Before you construct a budget for an agricultural enterprise, you first have to make some assumptions. In this sample budget, flock composition is the number of breeding ewes and rams inthe flock.
SHEEP 201: BALANCING RATIONS Programs usually allow the user to alter the nutrient requirements and feed compositions and add custom feeds. Balancing rations by hand. Rations can be balanced by hand using paper, a pencil, and simple math. Step 1. Describe the animals. You're going to balance a ration for mature ewes that average about 155 lbs. SHEEP 201: COCCIDIOSIS Coccidia can infect many animals, but especially mammals and birds. Coccidiosis is one of the most economically important diseases of sheep. It is caused by microscopic, single cell protozoan parasites of the genus Eimeria. With few exceptions, coccidia are host-specific meaning there is no cross-infection between hosts. SHEEP 201: GETTING READY FOR LAMBING Facilities. Getting the lambing facility ready is as important as having the sheep ready for lambing. The lambing barn or area should be clean. Ideally, the barn should be cleaned and limed. Fresh bedding should be spread before turning the ewes in. Drafts in the lambing barn should be eliminated. SHEEP 201: DOCKING AND CASTRATING According to the last (USDA APHIS) NAHMS Study, 78.6 percent of US sheep operations docked lambs (2010); 81.5 percent of lambs were docked. Three quarters of US operations castrated ram lambs. The average age of castration was 24.7 days. Docking. Docking improves the health and welfare of sheep and lambs. SHEEP 201: CARE OF NEWBORN LAMBS Complications with newborn lambs The major killers of newborn lambs are starvation, hypothermia, scours, and pneumonia. A study at the U.S. Sheep Experiment Station (in Dubois, Idaho) showed that 46 percent of lamb mortality is caused by scours (diarrhea), 20 percent by starvation, and 8 percent by pneumonia. SHEEP 201: REPRODUCTION IN THE RAM Reproduction in the ram. The ram is the most important member of the flock, yet often the most neglected. Not only does he contribute most of the genetics to the flock, but his success as a breeder will go a long way towards ensuring a profitable lamb crop. SHEEP 201: HANDLING SHEEP AND LAMBS A large sheep can be tipped by reaching underneath its body and grabbing its farthest legs, until it drops to its rump. Sometimes, this is a two person job. Small sheep or lambs can usually be tipped by holding them under their front legs, lifting them, and using your knee to push their rumps out. Restraining devices. SHEEP 101: DAIRY SHEEP Sheep have been raised for milk for thousands of years and were milked before cows. The world's commercial dairy sheep industry is concentrated in Europe and the countries on or near the Mediterranean Sea. Sheep dairying is growing in New Zealand. The dairy sheep industry is still in its infancy in the United States. SHEEP 201: CARE OF NEWBORN LAMBS Complications with newborn lambs The major killers of newborn lambs are starvation, hypothermia, scours, and pneumonia. A study at the U.S. Sheep Experiment Station (in Dubois, Idaho) showed that 46 percent of lamb mortality is caused by scours (diarrhea), 20 percent by starvation, and 8 percent by pneumonia. SHEEP 201: US SHEEP BREEDS A-Z The Icelandic is one of the world's oldest and purest breeds of sheep, boasting an 1100-year history. It is the only breed of sheep raised in Iceland. It is of the Northern European short-tailed group of sheep, having a short, fluke-like tail that is not docked. Rams and ewes may be horned or polled.SHEEP 201: BEHAVIOR
Sheep are frightened by sudden loud noises, such as yelling or barking. In response to loud noises and other unnatural sounds, sheep become nervous and more difficult to handle. This is due to the release of stress-related hormones. To minimize stress, the handler should speak in a quiet, calm voice. SHEEP 201: REPRODUCTION IN THE RAM Reproduction in the ram. The ram is the most important member of the flock, yet often the most neglected. Not only does he contribute most of the genetics to the flock, but his success as a breeder will go a long way towards ensuring a profitable lamb crop.SHEEP 201: FENCING
The most uitable perimeter fences for sheep are multi-strand, high-tensile, electric fences and woven wire fences with electric offset wires and barbed wires at the top and bottom of the fence. Interior fences (or cross fences) are used to subdivide fields into smaller areas (paddocks) for grazing. Interior fences may beconstructed from
SHEEP 201: DEADSTOCK DISPOSAL Composting is rapidly becoming the preferred method of dead stock disposal. Composting is an aerobic biodegradation process used to decompose organic material. It transforms a waste product, such as manure and animal carcasses, into a useful soil amendment. Most compost is spread on agricultural land.SHEEP 201: HOUSING
Feeder lambs need 8 to 10 square feet. Less space is required if sheep are raised on slatted floors or if they have access to an exercise area or pasture. Shearing before housing will allow stocking rates in the barn to be increased by up to 20%. Recommended housing space(square feet)
SHEEP 201: GRAZING SYSTEMS Continuous grazing is a one-pasture system in which livestock have unrestricted access to the pasture area throughout the grazing season. It is a simple system to implement and manage, with minimal capital investment and movement of animals. If sufficient forage is available, continuous grazing often results in a higher individual animal SHEEP 101 HOME PAGEHOMEABOUT SHEEPKINDS OF SHEEPRAISING SHEEPSHEEP PRODUCTSWHAT SHEEP EAT Welcome to Sheep 101. The purpose of Sheep 101 is to teach 4-H and FFA members, students, teachers, beginning shepherds, and the general public about sheep, their products, how they are raised, and their contributions to mankind. The site uses simple language and pictures to illustrate the various topics. To begin learning about sheep, clickon
SHEEP 201: SHEEP DISEASES A-ZSHEEP 101HOUSINGNUTRIENT REQUIREMENTSLAMBING PROCESSNEWBORN CAREPASTURE Listing of sheep diseases, A-Z. This chapter is meant to provide an overview of the diseases that can affect sheep and lambs. For more information, including more detailed treatment options, you need to consult an animal health reference or seek advice from a qualified veterinarian or other animal health professional. SHEEP 201: COCCIDIOSIS Coccidia can infect many animals, but especially mammals and birds. Coccidiosis is one of the most economically important diseases of sheep. It is caused by microscopic, single cell protozoan parasites of the genus Eimeria. With few exceptions, coccidia are host-specific meaning there is no cross-infection between hosts. SHEEP 201: BALANCING RATIONS Programs usually allow the user to alter the nutrient requirements and feed compositions and add custom feeds. Balancing rations by hand. Rations can be balanced by hand using paper, a pencil, and simple math. Step 1. Describe the animals. You're going to balance a ration for mature ewes that average about 155 lbs. SHEEP 201: FLOCK VACCINATIONS Flock vaccinations. Vaccinations are an important part of a flock health management program. They provide inexpensive "insurance" against diseases that commonly affect sheep and lambs. According to the National Health Monitoring Service (NAHMS, 2011), 81.6 percent of US sheep operations vaccinated at least one sheep or lamb in 2010. SHEEP 201: GETTING READY FOR LAMBING Facilities. Getting the lambing facility ready is as important as having the sheep ready for lambing. The lambing barn or area should be clean. Ideally, the barn should be cleaned and limed. Fresh bedding should be spread before turning the ewes in. Drafts in the lambing barn should be eliminated. SHEEP 201: FEEDSTUFFS FOR SHEEP AND LAMBS Feedstuffs for sheep and lambs. Definition of feedstuff - any of the constituent nutrients of an animal ration. While forages are the most "natural" diet for sheep and lambs and often the most economical, a sheep's nutritional requirements can be met by feeding a variety offeedstuffs.
SHEEP 201: DOCKING AND CASTRATING According to the last (USDA APHIS) NAHMS Study, 78.6 percent of US sheep operations docked lambs (2010); 81.5 percent of lambs were docked. Three quarters of US operations castrated ram lambs. The average age of castration was 24.7 days. Docking. Docking improves the health and welfare of sheep and lambs. SHEEP 201: GRAZING SYSTEMS Continuous grazing is a one-pasture system in which livestock have unrestricted access to the pasture area throughout the grazing season. It is a simple system to implement and manage, with minimal capital investment and movement of animals. If sufficient forage is available, continuous grazing often results in a higher individual animal SHEEP 201: PASTURE MANAGEMENT The pasture (or range) resource is often the most neglected part of the sheep enterprise, yet it usually provides the majority of nutrients to the stock. Pasture that is properly managed has the potential to minimize feed costs and increase profits. Pasture is the most natural diet for sheep and other ruminant animals. SHEEP 101 HOME PAGEHOMEABOUT SHEEPKINDS OF SHEEPRAISING SHEEPSHEEP PRODUCTSWHAT SHEEP EAT Welcome to Sheep 101. The purpose of Sheep 101 is to teach 4-H and FFA members, students, teachers, beginning shepherds, and the general public about sheep, their products, how they are raised, and their contributions to mankind. The site uses simple language and pictures to illustrate the various topics. To begin learning about sheep, clickon
SHEEP 201: SHEEP DISEASES A-ZSHEEP 101HOUSINGNUTRIENT REQUIREMENTSLAMBING PROCESSNEWBORN CAREPASTURE Listing of sheep diseases, A-Z. This chapter is meant to provide an overview of the diseases that can affect sheep and lambs. For more information, including more detailed treatment options, you need to consult an animal health reference or seek advice from a qualified veterinarian or other animal health professional. SHEEP 201: COCCIDIOSIS Coccidia can infect many animals, but especially mammals and birds. Coccidiosis is one of the most economically important diseases of sheep. It is caused by microscopic, single cell protozoan parasites of the genus Eimeria. With few exceptions, coccidia are host-specific meaning there is no cross-infection between hosts. SHEEP 201: BALANCING RATIONS Programs usually allow the user to alter the nutrient requirements and feed compositions and add custom feeds. Balancing rations by hand. Rations can be balanced by hand using paper, a pencil, and simple math. Step 1. Describe the animals. You're going to balance a ration for mature ewes that average about 155 lbs. SHEEP 201: FLOCK VACCINATIONS Flock vaccinations. Vaccinations are an important part of a flock health management program. They provide inexpensive "insurance" against diseases that commonly affect sheep and lambs. According to the National Health Monitoring Service (NAHMS, 2011), 81.6 percent of US sheep operations vaccinated at least one sheep or lamb in 2010. SHEEP 201: GETTING READY FOR LAMBING Facilities. Getting the lambing facility ready is as important as having the sheep ready for lambing. The lambing barn or area should be clean. Ideally, the barn should be cleaned and limed. Fresh bedding should be spread before turning the ewes in. Drafts in the lambing barn should be eliminated. SHEEP 201: FEEDSTUFFS FOR SHEEP AND LAMBS Feedstuffs for sheep and lambs. Definition of feedstuff - any of the constituent nutrients of an animal ration. While forages are the most "natural" diet for sheep and lambs and often the most economical, a sheep's nutritional requirements can be met by feeding a variety offeedstuffs.
SHEEP 201: DOCKING AND CASTRATING According to the last (USDA APHIS) NAHMS Study, 78.6 percent of US sheep operations docked lambs (2010); 81.5 percent of lambs were docked. Three quarters of US operations castrated ram lambs. The average age of castration was 24.7 days. Docking. Docking improves the health and welfare of sheep and lambs. SHEEP 201: GRAZING SYSTEMS Continuous grazing is a one-pasture system in which livestock have unrestricted access to the pasture area throughout the grazing season. It is a simple system to implement and manage, with minimal capital investment and movement of animals. If sufficient forage is available, continuous grazing often results in a higher individual animal SHEEP 201: PASTURE MANAGEMENT The pasture (or range) resource is often the most neglected part of the sheep enterprise, yet it usually provides the majority of nutrients to the stock. Pasture that is properly managed has the potential to minimize feed costs and increase profits. Pasture is the most natural diet for sheep and other ruminant animals. SHEEP 201: A BEGINNER'S GUIDE TO RAISING SHEEP Shepherding skills. Identification and record keeping. Calculating adjusted weaning weights. Feeds and feeding. Flock nutritional requirements. Feedstuffs. Balancing SHEEP 201: FLOCK VACCINATIONS Flock vaccinations. Vaccinations are an important part of a flock health management program. They provide inexpensive "insurance" against diseases that commonly affect sheep and lambs. According to the National Health Monitoring Service (NAHMS, 2011), 81.6 percent of US sheep operations vaccinated at least one sheep or lamb in 2010. SHEEP 201: US SHEEP BREEDS A-Z The Icelandic is one of the world's oldest and purest breeds of sheep, boasting an 1100-year history. It is the only breed of sheep raised in Iceland. It is of the Northern European short-tailed group of sheep, having a short, fluke-like tail that is not docked. Rams and ewes may be horned or polled. SHEEP 201: HANDLING SHEEP AND LAMBS A large sheep can be tipped by reaching underneath its body and grabbing its farthest legs, until it drops to its rump. Sometimes, this is a two person job. Small sheep or lambs can usually be tipped by holding them under their front legs, lifting them, and using your knee to push their rumps out. Restraining devices. SHEEP 201: ENTERPRISE BUDGETING Budget explantation Before you construct a budget for an agricultural enterprise, you first have to make some assumptions. In this sample budget, flock composition is the number of breeding ewes and rams inthe flock.
SHEEP 201: CARE OF NEWBORN LAMBS Complications with newborn lambs The major killers of newborn lambs are starvation, hypothermia, scours, and pneumonia. A study at the U.S. Sheep Experiment Station (in Dubois, Idaho) showed that 46 percent of lamb mortality is caused by scours (diarrhea), 20 percent by starvation, and 8 percent by pneumonia. SHEEP 201: BREED SELECTION The breeds which are most seasonal in their breeding habits are the long wool breeds and meat breeds of British origin. Any breed of sheep can be selected for the ability to lamb in the fall. Spring breeding can also be achieved with light control or hormonal manipulation.CIDR's are
SHEEP 201: HOUSING
Feeder lambs need 8 to 10 square feet. Less space is required if sheep are raised on slatted floors or if they have access to an exercise area or pasture. Shearing before housing will allow stocking rates in the barn to be increased by up to 20%. Recommended housing space(square feet)
SHEEP 201: FENCING
The most uitable perimeter fences for sheep are multi-strand, high-tensile, electric fences and woven wire fences with electric offset wires and barbed wires at the top and bottom of the fence. Interior fences (or cross fences) are used to subdivide fields into smaller areas (paddocks) for grazing. Interior fences may beconstructed from
SHEEP 201: DEADSTOCK DISPOSAL Composting is rapidly becoming the preferred method of dead stock disposal. Composting is an aerobic biodegradation process used to decompose organic material. It transforms a waste product, such as manure and animal carcasses, into a useful soil amendment. Most compost is spread on agricultural land. SHEEP 101 HOME PAGEHOMEABOUT SHEEPKINDS OF SHEEPRAISING SHEEPSHEEP PRODUCTSWHAT SHEEP EAT Welcome to Sheep 101. The purpose of Sheep 101 is to teach 4-H and FFA members, students, teachers, beginning shepherds, and the general public about sheep, their products, how they are raised, and their contributions to mankind. The site uses simple language and pictures to illustrate the various topics. To begin learning about sheep, clickon
SHEEP 201: A BEGINNER'S GUIDE TO RAISING SHEEPABOUT THE AUTHORDEDICATIONGETTING STARTEDFACILITIESBREEDINGHEALTH Shepherding skills. Identification and record keeping. Calculating adjusted weaning weights. Feeds and feeding. Flock nutritional requirements. Feedstuffs. Balancing SHEEP 201: SHEEP DISEASES A-Z Listing of sheep diseases, A-Z. This chapter is meant to provide an overview of the diseases that can affect sheep and lambs. For more information, including more detailed treatment options, you need to consult an animal health reference or seek advice from a qualified veterinarian or other animal health professional. SHEEP 201: COCCIDIOSIS Coccidia can infect many animals, but especially mammals and birds. Coccidiosis is one of the most economically important diseases of sheep. It is caused by microscopic, single cell protozoan parasites of the genus Eimeria. With few exceptions, coccidia are host-specific meaning there is no cross-infection between hosts. SHEEP 201: ENTERPRISE BUDGETING Budget explantation Before you construct a budget for an agricultural enterprise, you first have to make some assumptions. In this sample budget, flock composition is the number of breeding ewes and rams inthe flock.
SHEEP 201: CARE OF NEWBORN LAMBS Complications with newborn lambs The major killers of newborn lambs are starvation, hypothermia, scours, and pneumonia. A study at the U.S. Sheep Experiment Station (in Dubois, Idaho) showed that 46 percent of lamb mortality is caused by scours (diarrhea), 20 percent by starvation, and 8 percent by pneumonia. SHEEP 201: DOCKING AND CASTRATING According to the last (USDA APHIS) NAHMS Study, 78.6 percent of US sheep operations docked lambs (2010); 81.5 percent of lambs were docked. Three quarters of US operations castrated ram lambs. The average age of castration was 24.7 days. Docking. Docking improves the health and welfare of sheep and lambs. SHEEP 201: LAMBING SYSTEMS There are five lambing periods each year. Three groups of sheep are managed separately: 1) breeding and pregnant ewes and rams; 2) lambing and lactating ewes and lambs; and 3) growing lambs (market lambs and replacements). If a ewe misses a breeding, she can still lamb threetimes in
SHEEP 201: WEANING LAMBS It is common to wean lambs in a dairy sheep operation when they are 30 to 35 days of age. Early weaning can be successful, provided lambs are drinking water and consuming adequate amounts of dry feed, at least 0.5 pounds per day, preferably 1 pound. Creep feeding is an important part of early weaning programs.SHEEP 201: FENCING
The most uitable perimeter fences for sheep are multi-strand, high-tensile, electric fences and woven wire fences with electric offset wires and barbed wires at the top and bottom of the fence. Interior fences (or cross fences) are used to subdivide fields into smaller areas (paddocks) for grazing. Interior fences may beconstructed from
SHEEP 101 HOME PAGEHOMEABOUT SHEEPKINDS OF SHEEPRAISING SHEEPSHEEP PRODUCTSWHAT SHEEP EAT Welcome to Sheep 101. The purpose of Sheep 101 is to teach 4-H and FFA members, students, teachers, beginning shepherds, and the general public about sheep, their products, how they are raised, and their contributions to mankind. The site uses simple language and pictures to illustrate the various topics. To begin learning about sheep, clickon
SHEEP 201: A BEGINNER'S GUIDE TO RAISING SHEEPABOUT THE AUTHORDEDICATIONGETTING STARTEDFACILITIESBREEDINGHEALTH Shepherding skills. Identification and record keeping. Calculating adjusted weaning weights. Feeds and feeding. Flock nutritional requirements. Feedstuffs. Balancing SHEEP 201: SHEEP DISEASES A-Z Listing of sheep diseases, A-Z. This chapter is meant to provide an overview of the diseases that can affect sheep and lambs. For more information, including more detailed treatment options, you need to consult an animal health reference or seek advice from a qualified veterinarian or other animal health professional. SHEEP 201: COCCIDIOSIS Coccidia can infect many animals, but especially mammals and birds. Coccidiosis is one of the most economically important diseases of sheep. It is caused by microscopic, single cell protozoan parasites of the genus Eimeria. With few exceptions, coccidia are host-specific meaning there is no cross-infection between hosts. SHEEP 201: ENTERPRISE BUDGETING Budget explantation Before you construct a budget for an agricultural enterprise, you first have to make some assumptions. In this sample budget, flock composition is the number of breeding ewes and rams inthe flock.
SHEEP 201: CARE OF NEWBORN LAMBS Complications with newborn lambs The major killers of newborn lambs are starvation, hypothermia, scours, and pneumonia. A study at the U.S. Sheep Experiment Station (in Dubois, Idaho) showed that 46 percent of lamb mortality is caused by scours (diarrhea), 20 percent by starvation, and 8 percent by pneumonia. SHEEP 201: DOCKING AND CASTRATING According to the last (USDA APHIS) NAHMS Study, 78.6 percent of US sheep operations docked lambs (2010); 81.5 percent of lambs were docked. Three quarters of US operations castrated ram lambs. The average age of castration was 24.7 days. Docking. Docking improves the health and welfare of sheep and lambs. SHEEP 201: WEANING LAMBS It is common to wean lambs in a dairy sheep operation when they are 30 to 35 days of age. Early weaning can be successful, provided lambs are drinking water and consuming adequate amounts of dry feed, at least 0.5 pounds per day, preferably 1 pound. Creep feeding is an important part of early weaning programs. SHEEP 201: LAMBING SYSTEMS There are five lambing periods each year. Three groups of sheep are managed separately: 1) breeding and pregnant ewes and rams; 2) lambing and lactating ewes and lambs; and 3) growing lambs (market lambs and replacements). If a ewe misses a breeding, she can still lamb threetimes in
SHEEP 201: FENCING
The most uitable perimeter fences for sheep are multi-strand, high-tensile, electric fences and woven wire fences with electric offset wires and barbed wires at the top and bottom of the fence. Interior fences (or cross fences) are used to subdivide fields into smaller areas (paddocks) for grazing. Interior fences may beconstructed from
SHEEP 101: BASIC INFORMATION ABOUT SHEEP Sheep are even-toed animals. Livestock guardian dog. Katahdin ewe and lamb. 11 year old Katahdin ewe. 8 year old mouth. Group of lambs. Basic information about sheep. Taxonomy. Taxonomy is the classification of organisms into groups based on similarities of origin, structure, etc. Sheep are closely-related to other farm livestock, especially goats. SHEEP 201: A BEGINNER'S GUIDE TO RAISING SHEEP Shepherding skills. Identification and record keeping. Calculating adjusted weaning weights. Feeds and feeding. Flock nutritional requirements. Feedstuffs. Balancing SHEEP 201: HANDLING SHEEP AND LAMBS A large sheep can be tipped by reaching underneath its body and grabbing its farthest legs, until it drops to its rump. Sometimes, this is a two person job. Small sheep or lambs can usually be tipped by holding them under their front legs, lifting them, and using your knee to push their rumps out. Restraining devices. SHEEP 101: OTHER LIVESTOCK GUARDIANS Guardian llama. Donkey guardian. A "flerd". Other livestock guardians. Other animals have proven to be effective guardians of sheep and lambs. LLamas. Llamas are naturally agressive towards coyotes and dogs. Their responses to predators include becoming alert; alarm calling; walking or running toward the predator; chasing; kicking orpawing the
SHEEP 101: SHEEP TERMS Lamb is also the term for the flesh of a young domestic sheep eaten as food. The meat from a sheep that is older than 12 months is called mutton. Yearling mutton is the meat from a sheep between 1 and 2 years of age. Mutton has a much stronger flavor than lamb. Wool. The fiber that most sheep grow is called wool. SHEEP 201: DRUG USE IN SHEEP Aureomycin is the only antibiotic currently approved for use in the feed for sheep. Under the new regulations, aureomycin may be fed at a rate of 80 mg per head per day for prevention of abortion caused by campylobacter spp. Antibiotics can no long beSHEEP 201
The breeds of dogs typically used to guard sheep originated in Europe and Asia. They include the Great Pyrenees (France), Komondor (Hungary), Akbash and Anatolian Shepherd (Turkey), Maremma (Italy), Polish Tatra (Poland), and Mastiff (Spain and Tibet). These dogs are typically large (80-120 lbs) white or fawn colored with dark muzzles.SHEEP 201: HOUSING
Feeder lambs need 8 to 10 square feet. Less space is required if sheep are raised on slatted floors or if they have access to an exercise area or pasture. Shearing before housing will allow stocking rates in the barn to be increased by up to 20%. Recommended housing space(square feet)
SHEEP 201: REPRODUCTION IN THE RAM Reproduction in the ram. The ram is the most important member of the flock, yet often the most neglected. Not only does he contribute most of the genetics to the flock, but his success as a breeder will go a long way towards ensuring a profitable lamb crop. SHEEP 201: INTERNAL PARASITE (WORM) CONTROL The Parasites. Gastro-Intestinal Worms (roundworms, nematodes, stomach worms) In warm, moist climates, the parasite that causes the most problems is usually Haemonchus Contortus, better known as the "barber pole" or wire worm.The barber pole worm is a blood-sucking parasite that pierces the lining of the abomasum (the sheep's fourth or "true" stomach), causing blood plasma and SHEEP 101 HOME PAGEHOMEABOUT SHEEPKINDS OF SHEEPRAISING SHEEPSHEEP PRODUCTSWHAT SHEEP EAT Welcome to Sheep 101. The purpose of Sheep 101 is to teach 4-H and FFA members, students, teachers, beginning shepherds, and the general public about sheep, their products, how they are raised, and their contributions to mankind. The site uses simple language and pictures to illustrate the various topics. To begin learning about sheep, clickon
SHEEP 201: A BEGINNER'S GUIDE TO RAISING SHEEPABOUT THE AUTHORDEDICATIONGETTING STARTEDFACILITIESBREEDINGHEALTH Shepherding skills. Identification and record keeping. Calculating adjusted weaning weights. Feeds and feeding. Flock nutritional requirements. Feedstuffs. Balancing SHEEP 201: SHEEP DISEASES A-Z Listing of sheep diseases, A-Z. This chapter is meant to provide an overview of the diseases that can affect sheep and lambs. For more information, including more detailed treatment options, you need to consult an animal health reference or seek advice from a qualified veterinarian or other animal health professional. SHEEP 201: COCCIDIOSIS Coccidia can infect many animals, but especially mammals and birds. Coccidiosis is one of the most economically important diseases of sheep. It is caused by microscopic, single cell protozoan parasites of the genus Eimeria. With few exceptions, coccidia are host-specific meaning there is no cross-infection between hosts. SHEEP 201: ENTERPRISE BUDGETING Budget explantation Before you construct a budget for an agricultural enterprise, you first have to make some assumptions. In this sample budget, flock composition is the number of breeding ewes and rams inthe flock.
SHEEP 201: CARE OF NEWBORN LAMBS Complications with newborn lambs The major killers of newborn lambs are starvation, hypothermia, scours, and pneumonia. A study at the U.S. Sheep Experiment Station (in Dubois, Idaho) showed that 46 percent of lamb mortality is caused by scours (diarrhea), 20 percent by starvation, and 8 percent by pneumonia. SHEEP 201: DOCKING AND CASTRATING According to the last (USDA APHIS) NAHMS Study, 78.6 percent of US sheep operations docked lambs (2010); 81.5 percent of lambs were docked. Three quarters of US operations castrated ram lambs. The average age of castration was 24.7 days. Docking. Docking improves the health and welfare of sheep and lambs. SHEEP 201: LAMBING SYSTEMS There are five lambing periods each year. Three groups of sheep are managed separately: 1) breeding and pregnant ewes and rams; 2) lambing and lactating ewes and lambs; and 3) growing lambs (market lambs and replacements). If a ewe misses a breeding, she can still lamb threetimes in
SHEEP 201: WEANING LAMBS It is common to wean lambs in a dairy sheep operation when they are 30 to 35 days of age. Early weaning can be successful, provided lambs are drinking water and consuming adequate amounts of dry feed, at least 0.5 pounds per day, preferably 1 pound. Creep feeding is an important part of early weaning programs.SHEEP 201: FENCING
The most uitable perimeter fences for sheep are multi-strand, high-tensile, electric fences and woven wire fences with electric offset wires and barbed wires at the top and bottom of the fence. Interior fences (or cross fences) are used to subdivide fields into smaller areas (paddocks) for grazing. Interior fences may beconstructed from
SHEEP 101 HOME PAGEHOMEABOUT SHEEPKINDS OF SHEEPRAISING SHEEPSHEEP PRODUCTSWHAT SHEEP EAT Welcome to Sheep 101. The purpose of Sheep 101 is to teach 4-H and FFA members, students, teachers, beginning shepherds, and the general public about sheep, their products, how they are raised, and their contributions to mankind. The site uses simple language and pictures to illustrate the various topics. To begin learning about sheep, clickon
SHEEP 201: A BEGINNER'S GUIDE TO RAISING SHEEPABOUT THE AUTHORDEDICATIONGETTING STARTEDFACILITIESBREEDINGHEALTH Shepherding skills. Identification and record keeping. Calculating adjusted weaning weights. Feeds and feeding. Flock nutritional requirements. Feedstuffs. Balancing SHEEP 201: SHEEP DISEASES A-Z Listing of sheep diseases, A-Z. This chapter is meant to provide an overview of the diseases that can affect sheep and lambs. For more information, including more detailed treatment options, you need to consult an animal health reference or seek advice from a qualified veterinarian or other animal health professional. SHEEP 201: COCCIDIOSIS Coccidia can infect many animals, but especially mammals and birds. Coccidiosis is one of the most economically important diseases of sheep. It is caused by microscopic, single cell protozoan parasites of the genus Eimeria. With few exceptions, coccidia are host-specific meaning there is no cross-infection between hosts. SHEEP 201: ENTERPRISE BUDGETING Budget explantation Before you construct a budget for an agricultural enterprise, you first have to make some assumptions. In this sample budget, flock composition is the number of breeding ewes and rams inthe flock.
SHEEP 201: CARE OF NEWBORN LAMBS Complications with newborn lambs The major killers of newborn lambs are starvation, hypothermia, scours, and pneumonia. A study at the U.S. Sheep Experiment Station (in Dubois, Idaho) showed that 46 percent of lamb mortality is caused by scours (diarrhea), 20 percent by starvation, and 8 percent by pneumonia. SHEEP 201: DOCKING AND CASTRATING According to the last (USDA APHIS) NAHMS Study, 78.6 percent of US sheep operations docked lambs (2010); 81.5 percent of lambs were docked. Three quarters of US operations castrated ram lambs. The average age of castration was 24.7 days. Docking. Docking improves the health and welfare of sheep and lambs. SHEEP 201: LAMBING SYSTEMS There are five lambing periods each year. Three groups of sheep are managed separately: 1) breeding and pregnant ewes and rams; 2) lambing and lactating ewes and lambs; and 3) growing lambs (market lambs and replacements). If a ewe misses a breeding, she can still lamb threetimes in
SHEEP 201: WEANING LAMBS It is common to wean lambs in a dairy sheep operation when they are 30 to 35 days of age. Early weaning can be successful, provided lambs are drinking water and consuming adequate amounts of dry feed, at least 0.5 pounds per day, preferably 1 pound. Creep feeding is an important part of early weaning programs.SHEEP 201: FENCING
The most uitable perimeter fences for sheep are multi-strand, high-tensile, electric fences and woven wire fences with electric offset wires and barbed wires at the top and bottom of the fence. Interior fences (or cross fences) are used to subdivide fields into smaller areas (paddocks) for grazing. Interior fences may beconstructed from
SHEEP 101: BASIC INFORMATION ABOUT SHEEP Sheep are even-toed animals. Livestock guardian dog. Katahdin ewe and lamb. 11 year old Katahdin ewe. 8 year old mouth. Group of lambs. Basic information about sheep. Taxonomy. Taxonomy is the classification of organisms into groups based on similarities of origin, structure, etc. Sheep are closely-related to other farm livestock, especially goats. SHEEP 201: A BEGINNER'S GUIDE TO RAISING SHEEP Shepherding skills. Identification and record keeping. Calculating adjusted weaning weights. Feeds and feeding. Flock nutritional requirements. Feedstuffs. Balancing SHEEP 201: HANDLING SHEEP AND LAMBS A large sheep can be tipped by reaching underneath its body and grabbing its farthest legs, until it drops to its rump. Sometimes, this is a two person job. Small sheep or lambs can usually be tipped by holding them under their front legs, lifting them, and using your knee to push their rumps out. Restraining devices. SHEEP 101: OTHER LIVESTOCK GUARDIANS Guardian llama. Donkey guardian. A "flerd". Other livestock guardians. Other animals have proven to be effective guardians of sheep and lambs. LLamas. Llamas are naturally agressive towards coyotes and dogs. Their responses to predators include becoming alert; alarm calling; walking or running toward the predator; chasing; kicking orpawing the
SHEEP 101: SHEEP TERMS Lamb is also the term for the flesh of a young domestic sheep eaten as food. The meat from a sheep that is older than 12 months is called mutton. Yearling mutton is the meat from a sheep between 1 and 2 years of age. Mutton has a much stronger flavor than lamb. Wool. The fiber that most sheep grow is called wool. SHEEP 201: DRUG USE IN SHEEP Aureomycin is the only antibiotic currently approved for use in the feed for sheep. Under the new regulations, aureomycin may be fed at a rate of 80 mg per head per day for prevention of abortion caused by campylobacter spp. Antibiotics can no long beSHEEP 201
The breeds of dogs typically used to guard sheep originated in Europe and Asia. They include the Great Pyrenees (France), Komondor (Hungary), Akbash and Anatolian Shepherd (Turkey), Maremma (Italy), Polish Tatra (Poland), and Mastiff (Spain and Tibet). These dogs are typically large (80-120 lbs) white or fawn colored with dark muzzles.SHEEP 201: HOUSING
Feeder lambs need 8 to 10 square feet. Less space is required if sheep are raised on slatted floors or if they have access to an exercise area or pasture. Shearing before housing will allow stocking rates in the barn to be increased by up to 20%. Recommended housing space(square feet)
SHEEP 201: REPRODUCTION IN THE RAM Reproduction in the ram. The ram is the most important member of the flock, yet often the most neglected. Not only does he contribute most of the genetics to the flock, but his success as a breeder will go a long way towards ensuring a profitable lamb crop. SHEEP 201: INTERNAL PARASITE (WORM) CONTROL The Parasites. Gastro-Intestinal Worms (roundworms, nematodes, stomach worms) In warm, moist climates, the parasite that causes the most problems is usually Haemonchus Contortus, better known as the "barber pole" or wire worm.The barber pole worm is a blood-sucking parasite that pierces the lining of the abomasum (the sheep's fourth or "true" stomach), causing blood plasma and SHEEP 101 HOME PAGEHOMEABOUT SHEEPKINDS OF SHEEPRAISING SHEEPSHEEP PRODUCTSWHAT SHEEP EAT Welcome to Sheep 101. The purpose of Sheep 101 is to teach 4-H and FFA members, students, teachers, beginning shepherds, and the general public about sheep, their products, how they are raised, and their contributions to mankind. The site uses simple language and pictures to illustrate the various topics. To begin learning about sheep, clickon
SHEEP 201: SHEEP DISEASES A-ZSHEEP 101HOUSINGNUTRIENT REQUIREMENTSLAMBING PROCESSNEWBORN CAREPASTURE Listing of sheep diseases, A-Z. This chapter is meant to provide an overview of the diseases that can affect sheep and lambs. For more information, including more detailed treatment options, you need to consult an animal health reference or seek advice from a qualified veterinarian or other animal health professional. SHEEP 101: SHEEP AS WEED EATERS Larkspur ( Delphinium sp.) is a weed that is poisonous to cattle. Because sheep can tolerate up to 3 to 4 times more larkspur than cattle, they can be used to help control the weed in cattle pastures. Sheep will voluntarily graze and sustainably control sericea lespedeza ( Lespedeza cuneata ), a noxious weed in some states. SHEEP 201: COCCIDIOSIS Coccidia can infect many animals, but especially mammals and birds. Coccidiosis is one of the most economically important diseases of sheep. It is caused by microscopic, single cell protozoan parasites of the genus Eimeria. With few exceptions, coccidia are host-specific meaning there is no cross-infection between hosts. SHEEP 201: BALANCING RATIONS Programs usually allow the user to alter the nutrient requirements and feed compositions and add custom feeds. Balancing rations by hand. Rations can be balanced by hand using paper, a pencil, and simple math. Step 1. Describe the animals. You're going to balance a ration for mature ewes that average about 155 lbs. SHEEP 201: GETTING READY FOR LAMBING Facilities. Getting the lambing facility ready is as important as having the sheep ready for lambing. The lambing barn or area should be clean. Ideally, the barn should be cleaned and limed. Fresh bedding should be spread before turning the ewes in. Drafts in the lambing barn should be eliminated. SHEEP 201: FEEDSTUFFS FOR SHEEP AND LAMBS Feedstuffs for sheep and lambs. Definition of feedstuff - any of the constituent nutrients of an animal ration. While forages are the most "natural" diet for sheep and lambs and often the most economical, a sheep's nutritional requirements can be met by feeding a variety offeedstuffs.
SHEEP 201: DOCKING AND CASTRATING According to the last (USDA APHIS) NAHMS Study, 78.6 percent of US sheep operations docked lambs (2010); 81.5 percent of lambs were docked. Three quarters of US operations castrated ram lambs. The average age of castration was 24.7 days. Docking. Docking improves the health and welfare of sheep and lambs. SHEEP 201: GRAZING SYSTEMS Continuous grazing is a one-pasture system in which livestock have unrestricted access to the pasture area throughout the grazing season. It is a simple system to implement and manage, with minimal capital investment and movement of animals. If sufficient forage is available, continuous grazing often results in a higher individual animal SHEEP 201: DEADSTOCK DISPOSAL Composting is rapidly becoming the preferred method of dead stock disposal. Composting is an aerobic biodegradation process used to decompose organic material. It transforms a waste product, such as manure and animal carcasses, into a useful soil amendment. Most compost is spread on agricultural land. SHEEP 101 HOME PAGEHOMEABOUT SHEEPKINDS OF SHEEPRAISING SHEEPSHEEP PRODUCTSWHAT SHEEP EAT Welcome to Sheep 101. The purpose of Sheep 101 is to teach 4-H and FFA members, students, teachers, beginning shepherds, and the general public about sheep, their products, how they are raised, and their contributions to mankind. The site uses simple language and pictures to illustrate the various topics. To begin learning about sheep, clickon
SHEEP 201: SHEEP DISEASES A-ZSHEEP 101HOUSINGNUTRIENT REQUIREMENTSLAMBING PROCESSNEWBORN CAREPASTURE Listing of sheep diseases, A-Z. This chapter is meant to provide an overview of the diseases that can affect sheep and lambs. For more information, including more detailed treatment options, you need to consult an animal health reference or seek advice from a qualified veterinarian or other animal health professional. SHEEP 101: SHEEP AS WEED EATERS Larkspur ( Delphinium sp.) is a weed that is poisonous to cattle. Because sheep can tolerate up to 3 to 4 times more larkspur than cattle, they can be used to help control the weed in cattle pastures. Sheep will voluntarily graze and sustainably control sericea lespedeza ( Lespedeza cuneata ), a noxious weed in some states. SHEEP 201: COCCIDIOSIS Coccidia can infect many animals, but especially mammals and birds. Coccidiosis is one of the most economically important diseases of sheep. It is caused by microscopic, single cell protozoan parasites of the genus Eimeria. With few exceptions, coccidia are host-specific meaning there is no cross-infection between hosts. SHEEP 201: BALANCING RATIONS Programs usually allow the user to alter the nutrient requirements and feed compositions and add custom feeds. Balancing rations by hand. Rations can be balanced by hand using paper, a pencil, and simple math. Step 1. Describe the animals. You're going to balance a ration for mature ewes that average about 155 lbs. SHEEP 201: GETTING READY FOR LAMBING Facilities. Getting the lambing facility ready is as important as having the sheep ready for lambing. The lambing barn or area should be clean. Ideally, the barn should be cleaned and limed. Fresh bedding should be spread before turning the ewes in. Drafts in the lambing barn should be eliminated. SHEEP 201: FEEDSTUFFS FOR SHEEP AND LAMBS Feedstuffs for sheep and lambs. Definition of feedstuff - any of the constituent nutrients of an animal ration. While forages are the most "natural" diet for sheep and lambs and often the most economical, a sheep's nutritional requirements can be met by feeding a variety offeedstuffs.
SHEEP 201: DOCKING AND CASTRATING According to the last (USDA APHIS) NAHMS Study, 78.6 percent of US sheep operations docked lambs (2010); 81.5 percent of lambs were docked. Three quarters of US operations castrated ram lambs. The average age of castration was 24.7 days. Docking. Docking improves the health and welfare of sheep and lambs. SHEEP 201: GRAZING SYSTEMS Continuous grazing is a one-pasture system in which livestock have unrestricted access to the pasture area throughout the grazing season. It is a simple system to implement and manage, with minimal capital investment and movement of animals. If sufficient forage is available, continuous grazing often results in a higher individual animal SHEEP 201: DEADSTOCK DISPOSAL Composting is rapidly becoming the preferred method of dead stock disposal. Composting is an aerobic biodegradation process used to decompose organic material. It transforms a waste product, such as manure and animal carcasses, into a useful soil amendment. Most compost is spread on agricultural land. SHEEP 201: A BEGINNER'S GUIDE TO RAISING SHEEP Shepherding skills. Identification and record keeping. Calculating adjusted weaning weights. Feeds and feeding. Flock nutritional requirements. Feedstuffs. Balancing SHEEP 201: FLOCK VACCINATIONS Flock vaccinations. Vaccinations are an important part of a flock health management program. They provide inexpensive "insurance" against diseases that commonly affect sheep and lambs. According to the National Health Monitoring Service (NAHMS, 2011), 81.6 percent of US sheep operations vaccinated at least one sheep or lamb in 2010. SHEEP 201: HANDLING SHEEP AND LAMBS A large sheep can be tipped by reaching underneath its body and grabbing its farthest legs, until it drops to its rump. Sometimes, this is a two person job. Small sheep or lambs can usually be tipped by holding them under their front legs, lifting them, and using your knee to push their rumps out. Restraining devices. SHEEP 201: ENTERPRISE BUDGETING Budget explantation Before you construct a budget for an agricultural enterprise, you first have to make some assumptions. In this sample budget, flock composition is the number of breeding ewes and rams inthe flock.
SHEEP 201: GETTING READY FOR LAMBING Facilities. Getting the lambing facility ready is as important as having the sheep ready for lambing. The lambing barn or area should be clean. Ideally, the barn should be cleaned and limed. Fresh bedding should be spread before turning the ewes in. Drafts in the lambing barn should be eliminated. SHEEP 201: IDENTIFICATION AND RECORD KEEPING Animal identification and record keeping. Record keeping is an important aspect of sheep production. Performance record keeping helps to identify which lambs should be kept as replacements, which ewes should be kept or culled, and which rams sire the best lambs. SHEEP 201: BREED SELECTION The breeds which are most seasonal in their breeding habits are the long wool breeds and meat breeds of British origin. Any breed of sheep can be selected for the ability to lamb in the fall. Spring breeding can also be achieved with light control or hormonal manipulation.CIDR's are
SHEEP 201: CARE OF NEWBORN LAMBS Complications with newborn lambs The major killers of newborn lambs are starvation, hypothermia, scours, and pneumonia. A study at the U.S. Sheep Experiment Station (in Dubois, Idaho) showed that 46 percent of lamb mortality is caused by scours (diarrhea), 20 percent by starvation, and 8 percent by pneumonia. SHEEP 201: DEADSTOCK DISPOSAL Composting is rapidly becoming the preferred method of dead stock disposal. Composting is an aerobic biodegradation process used to decompose organic material. It transforms a waste product, such as manure and animal carcasses, into a useful soil amendment. Most compost is spread on agricultural land.SHEEP 201: FENCING
The most uitable perimeter fences for sheep are multi-strand, high-tensile, electric fences and woven wire fences with electric offset wires and barbed wires at the top and bottom of the fence. Interior fences (or cross fences) are used to subdivide fields into smaller areas (paddocks) for grazing. Interior fences may beconstructed from
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ABOUT THE AUTHOR. The author of Sheep 101 is Susan Schoenian, Sheep & Goat Specialist at the University of Maryland's Western Maryland Research & Education Center. Susan has been with University of Maryland Extension since 1988. She raises purebred and crossbred Katahdin sheep on her small farm, called The Baalands , in Clear Spring, Maryland. Susan has B.S. and M.S. degrees in Animal Science from Virginia Tech and Montana State University, respectively. REPRINT PERMISSION. The pages on Sheep 101 may be copied, downloaded, and printed for educational purposes, provided the material is not altered in any way and credit is given to Sheep 101 and its author. Information may be reprinted in newsletters with permission from the author and/or photographer. Users may link to Sheep 101 web pages. Images are the property of the photographer and cannot be used without permission from the same. SHEEP 201. Sheep 201 is a Beginner's Guide to Raising Sheep. It is being developed into a book for futurepublication.
SITE DISCLAIMER. Sheep 101 is provided as a service to the public. The author tries to regularly update and add information to the web site, but makes no warranties (express or implied) about the information on the web site. It is the user's responsibility to evaluate the accuracy and completeness of any content appearing on theweb site.
MARYLAND SMALL RUMINANT PAGE. Be sure to visit the Maryland Small Ruminant Page at www.sheepandgoat.com . Developed in 1998, the web site serves as an information portal for sheep and goat producers and anyone else interested in small ruminantsand related topics.
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