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NANCY MILLIS MEDAL
WHY EVOLUTION ISN'T PERFECT Image adapted from: Jelly Dude / Flickr; CC BY 2.0. There are good reasons why the process of natural selection may not always result in a ‘perfect’ solution. Firstly, selection can only act on the available genetic variation. A cheetah, for example, can’t evolve to run faster if there is no ‘faster’ gene variant available. INVESTIGATION OF THE CAUSES OF MASS FISH KILLS IN THESEE MORE ONSCIENCE.ORG.AU
1. WHAT IS CLIMATE CHANGE? Climate change is a change in the pattern of weather, and related changes in oceans, land surfaces and ice sheets, occurring over time scales of decades or longer. Weather is the state of the atmosphere—its temperature, humidity, wind, rainfall and so on—over hours to weeks. It is influenced by the oceans, land surfaces and ice sheets WHICH CAME FIRST: THE CHICKEN OR THE EGG? It’s that old riddle that’s sparked many arguments through the ages: was it the chicken or the egg that came first? It’s such a tricky question because you need a chicken to lay an egg, but chickens come from eggs, leaving us with an intractable circle of clucky, feathery life that apparently has no clear starting point.. Thankfully, there’s no need to keep brooding over this forever. HOW CLIMATE CHANGE INCREASES BUSHFIRE RISK This is known as the CO₂ fertilisation effect, and it will ultimately create more fuel for a potential fire. However, this effect only improves plant growth when there are sufficient amounts of other nutrients, and water. Warmer temperatures at night and during winters AUSTRALIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCEOTHER INITIATIVESNEWS AND MEDIA RELEASESHISTORY OF THE SHINE DOMESUPPORT USACADEMY MEDAL The Australian Academy of Science is inviting early- and mid-career researchers (EMCRs) in Australia to join Reboot STEMM, a half-day virtual think tank to help reboot the sector, where we will co-design a strategy to lead us to a more inclusive and diverse way of defining, recognising and rewarding “success”. WHAT IMPACT WILL COVID-19 HAVE ON THE ENVIRONMENT What impact will COVID-19 have on the environment? COVID-19 has affected our daily lives in an unprecedented range of ways, from physical distancing to travel bans. But the pandemic is also influencing our planet. Air pollution levels have dropped significantly since measures such as quarantines and shutdowns were put in place to contain COVID-19. 3. WHO BENEFITS FROM VACCINES? An effective vaccine protects an individual against a specific infectious disease and its complications. In the short term, vaccine efficacy is measured by its ability to reduce new infections. The longer-term goal is to reduce serious complications and death. 2 All vaccines currently used in Australia produce high levels of protection that are enough to prevent disease in most vaccinated THE RISKS TO AUSTRALIA OF A 3°C WARMER WORLD The Australian Academy of Science is calling on the Australian Government to accelerate Australia’s transition to net zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions over the next 10 to 20 years to play our part in avoiding the worst impacts of climate change. The key recommendation is included in a landmark Academy report publishedtoday.
NANCY MILLIS MEDAL
WHY EVOLUTION ISN'T PERFECT Image adapted from: Jelly Dude / Flickr; CC BY 2.0. There are good reasons why the process of natural selection may not always result in a ‘perfect’ solution. Firstly, selection can only act on the available genetic variation. A cheetah, for example, can’t evolve to run faster if there is no ‘faster’ gene variant available. INVESTIGATION OF THE CAUSES OF MASS FISH KILLS IN THESEE MORE ONSCIENCE.ORG.AU
1. WHAT IS CLIMATE CHANGE? Climate change is a change in the pattern of weather, and related changes in oceans, land surfaces and ice sheets, occurring over time scales of decades or longer. Weather is the state of the atmosphere—its temperature, humidity, wind, rainfall and so on—over hours to weeks. It is influenced by the oceans, land surfaces and ice sheets WHICH CAME FIRST: THE CHICKEN OR THE EGG? It’s that old riddle that’s sparked many arguments through the ages: was it the chicken or the egg that came first? It’s such a tricky question because you need a chicken to lay an egg, but chickens come from eggs, leaving us with an intractable circle of clucky, feathery life that apparently has no clear starting point.. Thankfully, there’s no need to keep brooding over this forever. HOW CLIMATE CHANGE INCREASES BUSHFIRE RISK This is known as the CO₂ fertilisation effect, and it will ultimately create more fuel for a potential fire. However, this effect only improves plant growth when there are sufficient amounts of other nutrients, and water. Warmer temperatures at night and during winters IMPACTS OF COVID-19 ON INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH This event will be a broad discussion on the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on scientific research and international cooperation. In a time when a pandemic is relying on a global coordinated scientific response, COVID-19 restrictions are changing the way we collaborate in the laboratory, in the office, and in the conference hall. WHAT IMPACT WILL COVID-19 HAVE ON THE ENVIRONMENT What impact will COVID-19 have on the environment? COVID-19 has affected our daily lives in an unprecedented range of ways, from physical distancing to travel bans. But the pandemic is also influencing our planet. Air pollution levels have dropped significantly since measures such as quarantines and shutdowns were put in place to contain COVID-19. THE STORY OF OUR EUCALYPTS The story of our eucalypts. Eucalypts—often called gum trees—are icons of the Australian flora. With more than 800 species they dominate the Australian landscape, forming forests, woodland and shrublands in all environments except the most arid deserts. Karri and Mountain ash form tall wet forests, mallee species grow in semi-aridregions
SEEING THE FUTURE: THE BIONIC EYE Essentials. There are several different types of visual prostheses—also known as bionic eyes—being developed around the world. The technology may restore partial vision to users, but cannot yet restore full vision. Most current models of bionic eyes encompass both internal implants and external cameras. Development of bioniceyes involves
GETTING THE BUZZ ON THE VALUE OF BEES Essentials. Bees make more than honey. Around one third of what you eat is pollinated by bees. The annual economic value of pollinators is worth between US $235 to $577 billion globally. Bees are dying and their colonies are collapsing across the world, including in Europe and the United States. Bees face a number of threats includingparasites
INVESTIGATION OF THE CAUSES OF MASS FISH KILLS IN THE This report investigates the causes of three major fish kills in the Darling River near Menindee in December 2018 and January 2019. It was produced at the request of the Hon. Bill Shorten MP, Leader of the Federal Opposition and was made public by the Academy at the THE ENHANCED GREENHOUSE EFFECT The natural greenhouse effect is a phenomenon caused by gases naturally present in the atmosphere that affect the behaviour of the heat energy radiated by the sun. In simple terms, sunlight (shortwave radiation) passes through the atmosphere, and is absorbed by Earth’s surface. This warms Earth’s surface, and then Earth radiates some of INFOGRAPHIC: WHERE DOES MY FOOD GO AFTER I EAT IT? In my duodenum, bile and enzymes from my pancreas continue to break down the food. My pancreas makes enzymes that break down the food. Muscle contractions push the food through my small intestine, which digests and absorbs the nutrients from the food. My colon absorbs water and electrolytes. My rectum passes the leftover waste out intothe toilet.
THE PHYSICS OF SPEEDING CARS By re-writing the first equation, we can calculate the speed at which the collision occurs: V f = V 0 2 − 2 a d = 8.2 m e t r e s p e r s e c o n d. (where d = 40 metres minus the reaction distance of 27.1 metres = 12.9 metres). Thus, the impact occurs at about 30 kilometres/hour, probably fast enough to kill Sam. HOW MEASLES IMPACTS YOUR IMMUNE SYSTEM Measles’ superpower: extreme contagiousness. As well as being able to cripple your immune system, the infectivity of the measles virus is legendary: up to 9 out of 10 susceptible people will develop measles if they come into contact with an infected person. Coughing and sneezing sends the measles virus hurtling out of your body and intothe air.
AUSTRALIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCEOTHER INITIATIVESNEWS AND MEDIA RELEASESHISTORY OF THE SHINE DOMESUPPORT USACADEMY MEDAL The Australian Academy of Science is inviting early- and mid-career researchers (EMCRs) in Australia to join Reboot STEMM, a half-day virtual think tank to help reboot the sector, where we will co-design a strategy to lead us to a more inclusive and diverse way of defining, recognising and rewarding “success”. WHAT IMPACT WILL COVID-19 HAVE ON THE ENVIRONMENT What impact will COVID-19 have on the environment? COVID-19 has affected our daily lives in an unprecedented range of ways, from physical distancing to travel bans. But the pandemic is also influencing our planet. Air pollution levels have dropped significantly since measures such as quarantines and shutdowns were put in place to contain COVID-19.NANCY MILLIS MEDAL
THE ENHANCED GREENHOUSE EFFECT The natural greenhouse effect is a phenomenon caused by gases naturally present in the atmosphere that affect the behaviour of the heat energy radiated by the sun. In simple terms, sunlight (shortwave radiation) passes through the atmosphere, and is absorbed by Earth’s surface. This warms Earth’s surface, and then Earth radiates some of EXPERT - GEOFFREY PUZON Dr Puzon is a microbiologist with expertise in the microbial ecology of free living pathogenic organisms in natural and engineered systems. Dr Puzon's work focuses on the detection, surveillance, microbial ecology supporting pathogen presence and treatment of engineered systems to remove pathogens. If you would like to update your profile WHICH CAME FIRST: THE CHICKEN OR THE EGG? It’s that old riddle that’s sparked many arguments through the ages: was it the chicken or the egg that came first? It’s such a tricky question because you need a chicken to lay an egg, but chickens come from eggs, leaving us with an intractable circle of clucky, feathery life that apparently has no clear starting point.. Thankfully, there’s no need to keep brooding over this forever. HOW CLIMATE CHANGE INCREASES BUSHFIRE RISK This is known as the CO₂ fertilisation effect, and it will ultimately create more fuel for a potential fire. However, this effect only improves plant growth when there are sufficient amounts of other nutrients, and water. Warmer temperatures at night and during winters PROFESSOR ROGER SHORT, REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGIST Professor Roger Short, reproductive biologist. Roger Valentine Short was born in Surrey, England in 1930. Short was educated at Sherborne School in Dorset before starting a bachelor of veterinary science at Bristol University. He completed his bachelor's degree in 1954 and then travelled to the University of Wisconsin in the USA on aFulbright
ARE VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTS WORTH IT? However, several studies and scientific reviews have consistently shown that, for most people, it is better for our health to obtain all our nutrients from our food supply. Vitamin supplements typically contain only one ‘active ingredient’ in isolation, whereas food brings a whole range of different nutrients together in differentcombinations.
WHY ARE SOME BLOOD TYPES INCOMPATIBLE WITH OTHERS Blood type and pregnancy. Blood type compatibility is clearly very important when donating and transfusing blood products, but blood type incompatibility can also become an issue during pregnancy, if a mother’s blood type is Rh negative, but her unborn child’s is Rh positive. These differences in blood type can become a problem if thebaby
AUSTRALIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCEOTHER INITIATIVESNEWS AND MEDIA RELEASESHISTORY OF THE SHINE DOMESUPPORT USACADEMY MEDAL The Australian Academy of Science is inviting early- and mid-career researchers (EMCRs) in Australia to join Reboot STEMM, a half-day virtual think tank to help reboot the sector, where we will co-design a strategy to lead us to a more inclusive and diverse way of defining, recognising and rewarding “success”. WHAT IMPACT WILL COVID-19 HAVE ON THE ENVIRONMENT What impact will COVID-19 have on the environment? COVID-19 has affected our daily lives in an unprecedented range of ways, from physical distancing to travel bans. But the pandemic is also influencing our planet. Air pollution levels have dropped significantly since measures such as quarantines and shutdowns were put in place to contain COVID-19.NANCY MILLIS MEDAL
THE ENHANCED GREENHOUSE EFFECT The natural greenhouse effect is a phenomenon caused by gases naturally present in the atmosphere that affect the behaviour of the heat energy radiated by the sun. In simple terms, sunlight (shortwave radiation) passes through the atmosphere, and is absorbed by Earth’s surface. This warms Earth’s surface, and then Earth radiates some of EXPERT - GEOFFREY PUZON Dr Puzon is a microbiologist with expertise in the microbial ecology of free living pathogenic organisms in natural and engineered systems. Dr Puzon's work focuses on the detection, surveillance, microbial ecology supporting pathogen presence and treatment of engineered systems to remove pathogens. If you would like to update your profile WHICH CAME FIRST: THE CHICKEN OR THE EGG? It’s that old riddle that’s sparked many arguments through the ages: was it the chicken or the egg that came first? It’s such a tricky question because you need a chicken to lay an egg, but chickens come from eggs, leaving us with an intractable circle of clucky, feathery life that apparently has no clear starting point.. Thankfully, there’s no need to keep brooding over this forever. HOW CLIMATE CHANGE INCREASES BUSHFIRE RISK This is known as the CO₂ fertilisation effect, and it will ultimately create more fuel for a potential fire. However, this effect only improves plant growth when there are sufficient amounts of other nutrients, and water. Warmer temperatures at night and during winters PROFESSOR ROGER SHORT, REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGIST Professor Roger Short, reproductive biologist. Roger Valentine Short was born in Surrey, England in 1930. Short was educated at Sherborne School in Dorset before starting a bachelor of veterinary science at Bristol University. He completed his bachelor's degree in 1954 and then travelled to the University of Wisconsin in the USA on aFulbright
ARE VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTS WORTH IT? However, several studies and scientific reviews have consistently shown that, for most people, it is better for our health to obtain all our nutrients from our food supply. Vitamin supplements typically contain only one ‘active ingredient’ in isolation, whereas food brings a whole range of different nutrients together in differentcombinations.
WHY ARE SOME BLOOD TYPES INCOMPATIBLE WITH OTHERS Blood type and pregnancy. Blood type compatibility is clearly very important when donating and transfusing blood products, but blood type incompatibility can also become an issue during pregnancy, if a mother’s blood type is Rh negative, but her unborn child’s is Rh positive. These differences in blood type can become a problem if thebaby
IMPACTS OF COVID-19 ON INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH This event will be a broad discussion on the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on scientific research and international cooperation. In a time when a pandemic is relying on a global coordinated scientific response, COVID-19 restrictions are changing the way we collaborate in the laboratory, in the office, and in the conference hall.RARE BLOOD TYPES
One of the rarest blood types in the world is Rh null, sometimes referred to as ‘ golden blood ’. People with this blood type have a complete absence of any of the Rh antigens. It was first discovered in an Aboriginal Australian and is extremely rare, with fewer than 50 individuals known to have Rh null blood in the 50 years after its THE ENHANCED GREENHOUSE EFFECT The natural greenhouse effect is a phenomenon caused by gases naturally present in the atmosphere that affect the behaviour of the heat energy radiated by the sun. In simple terms, sunlight (shortwave radiation) passes through the atmosphere, and is absorbed by Earth’s surface. This warms Earth’s surface, and then Earth radiates some of THE STORY OF OUR EUCALYPTS The story of our eucalypts. Eucalypts—often called gum trees—are icons of the Australian flora. With more than 800 species they dominate the Australian landscape, forming forests, woodland and shrublands in all environments except the most arid deserts. Karri and Mountain ash form tall wet forests, mallee species grow in semi-aridregions
POPULATION AND ENVIRONMENT: A GLOBAL CHALLENGE The IPAT equation, first devised in the 1970s, is a way of determining environmental degradation based on a multiple of factors. At its simplest, it describes how human impact on the environment (I) is a result of a multiplicative contribution of population (P), affluence (A) and technology (T). CLIMATE CHANGE CHALLENGES TO HEALTH: RISKS AND These include heatwaves, droughts, storms, cyclones and floods. These will have direct impacts on lives, homes and communities, and will also place stress on the mental wellbeing of members of the community during prolonged events such as intense heatwaves. Disease. Many diseases are likely to spread and increase in incidence as the climatewarms.
1. WHAT IS CLIMATE CHANGE? Climate change is a change in the pattern of weather, and related changes in oceans, land surfaces and ice sheets, occurring over time scales of decades or longer. Weather is the state of the atmosphere—its temperature, humidity, wind, rainfall and so on—over hours to weeks. It is influenced by the oceans, land surfaces and ice sheets PETER GILL | AUSTRALIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCE Peter Gill has made both fundamental and applied contributions to the progress of quantum chemistry. His development of efficient two-electron integral algorithms, perturbation analysis, linear-scaling methodology, DFT functionals, theory of excited states, Coulomb-splitting techniques, and the Q-Chem software package, have significantly changed the research tools of the field. WHAT SEA-LEVEL RISE MEANS FOR AUSTRALIA Intrusion of salt water is already a major management issue in Kakadu. If sea levels around Australia rise by around 50 centimetres, these freshwater wetlands will become saltier. A one metre rise in sea level would transform Kakadu’s low-lying coastal plains and some of the freshwater wetlands they support into mangrove forest. WHAT ARE ANABOLIC ANDROGENIC STEROIDS? Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), also simply referred to as ‘anabolic steroids’, are drugs derived from testosterone, a hormone that is produced in the testes of males and, to a much lesser extent, in the ovaries of females. Testosterone is partially responsible for the developmental changes that occur during pubertyand adolescence and
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