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Text
PINOY FOLK TALES
Philippine Folk Tales. Kuwentong Bayan. Pabula. Alamat. MaiklingKuwento. Atbp...
WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 23, 2013 FILIPINO MARTYR: JOSE CLEMENTE ZULUETA JOSE CLEMENTE ZULUETA(1876-1904)
Historian of the Revolution On November 23, 1876, Jose Clemente Zulueta, a distinguished Filipinobibliographer, was
born in Paco, Manila. He grew up in the care of kindhearted couple, Agustin de la Rosa and Juliana Estrada, because he was orphaned at a very young age. His parents were not known because his mother died five days after his birth ad his father, when he was still a child. He was adopted by a. Zulueta studied in the old College of San Antonio de Padua and inAteneo Municipal,
where he obtained his Bachiller en Artes, and proceeded to study law at the University of Santo Tomas. In the university, he achieved literary celebrity as a weaver of exquisite Spanish verses. His poem “Afectos a la Virgen,” which Don Epifanio de los Santos highly commended for its poetical race, was awarded third prize in 1895 with a “lirio de plata” (silver lily) by the Academia Bibliografico Mariana, of Lerida, Spain. It was published in Revista Catolica de Filipina, VII, no. 5,March 1, 1896.
Intellectually motivated, he organized a study group among his friendswith whom he
expounded on philosophy, arithmetic and algebra, ethics, rhetoric and poetry. He frequented the entresuelo meetings of young students like Cecilio Apostol, Fernando Ma. Guerrero, Rafael Palma, Jose Abreau among others to explorer literature and social issues. In 1896, Zulueta’s studies was interrupted by the revolution that broke out and to which he responded with a unique mission, to record all the military activities. He presented his purpose to Governor-General Camilio de Polavieja, who gave him a permit to cross Spanish battle lines. His friendship with Filipino revolutionary leaders allowed him also to cross the Filipino lines. He was beside the deathbed of his friend, General Flaviano Yengko, who succumbed to gunshot wound onMarch 3, 1897.
He worked with Pedro A. Paterno in negotiating the peace treatybetween the Spanish
government and the Filipinos, which was eventually signed in December1897, thereby,
temporarily ending the war. Zulueta eventually left his impartiality when the revolution continued in May 1898 by joining the troops of Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo. He witnessed the declaration of Philippine Independence on June 12 that same year, and continued to records succeeding events ofthe war.
With Epifanio de los Santos, he established the newspaper La Libertad,on June 20, 1898,
dedicating its initial issue to Colonel Pacheco, the secretary of warof the Departmental
Government in Central Luzon. As the newspaper was short lived, he joined another newspaper, La Independencia, founded by General Antonio Luna on September 3, 1898. In his writings, he used M. Kaun as penname. He was elected member of the constitutional convention that drafted the Constitution of the First Philippine Republic. In 1899, he returned to Manila and resumed his studies and took thebar examinations in
1902. Others who took the bar exams that same year were Manuel Quezon,Sergio Osmeña, and
Juan Sumulong. His love for writing never left him so that he collaborated with Don Modesto Reyes in putting up the newspaper, La Union, which the General Elwell S. Otis, later banned because of its anti-American contents. His passion in writing history was greatly rewarded when the Philippine Commission tasked him to collect the art and literary materials for exhibition in the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. Further, he was chosen to do historical research abroad under Act 668 of the Philippine Commission. Act 688 passed by the Philippine Commission on March 17, 1903authorized the
appointment of a collecting librarian for the insular government. As provided by Law, his duty as collecting librarian was stated as follows: Whose duty it shall be, under the supervision and direction of thecivil governor,
to visit the countries of Europe, Mexico, and elsewhere for thepurpose of
purchasing books and manuscripts relating to the history of thePhilippine Islands,
making historical researches into said history, procuring copies ofofficial documents
relating thereto, with the view to the foundation in Manila of a public historical library upon the subject of the Philippine Islands. He left on April 29, 1903 for Marseilles, went to Barcelona and Madridwhere he presented
his credentials to the American minister in the capital. He worked in the Biblioteca Nacional and in the Museo Biblioteca de Ultramar, which had its origin from the materials exhibited during the Exposicion General de Filipinas. He discovered a rich collection of papers and documents among which gave importance to Governor Valdes y Tamon’s work on Plazas, Fuerzas, Castillos y Presidios in the Philippines in 1839. He found in the Biblioteca de la Real Academia de la Historia the unpublished work of Father Francisco Ignacio Alcina’s Relacion. At the King’s College, he saw the Vocabulario Tagalo, dated 1585, in manuscript compiled by Fr. Domingo de los Santos, printed in Tayabas town in 1703. Zulueta came back to Manila on July 30, 1904. As required by law, hewrote a report
entitled Fuentes Historicos de Filipinas in June 1904. He was one of the early Filipino historians who advocated the interpretation of the Philippines from the Filipinopoint of view.
All these important historical documents he obtained from foreign archives became known as “Zulueta papers” and were deposited in the National Library after the Philippine Government purchased them for P17,000, a large sum during that time, from his widow Doña Paz Natividad, a younger sister of General Mamerto Natividad, and kept it at the National Library. This priceless collection vanished in smoke during the liberation of Manila inFebruary 1945.
Zulueta’s research works and academic involvement took him away frompracticing his law
profession. He joined the faculty of Liceo de Manila and taught subjects on Philippine and World History. He served as librarian at the Centro Artistico and Club Internacional, which sent members on fellowship grants to the United States. The first to receive such grant was the city engineer,Santiago Artiaga.
Zulueta did not live long to realize his dream to write what he considered genuine history of the Philippines. Looking at his advocacy, this genuine Philippine history would be a history taken from the Filipino point of view and one that bears the “characteristics of the indigenous elements in the history of the Philippines.” He died in Manila on September 10, 1904, at the young age of 28. \References:
Eminent Filipinos. Manila: National Historical Commission, 1970. Manuel, E. Arsenio. Dictionary of Philippine Biography Volume 2.Quezon City:
Filipiniana publications, 1970. Quirino, Carlos. Who’s Who in Philippine History. Manila: TahananBooks, 1995.
Zaide, Gregorio F. Great Filipinos in History. Manila: VerdeBookstore, 1970.
Posted by Den at 6:22 AM3 comments:
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