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UNIT 6 LESSON 3
Divide your students into groups of six and ask them to share their cards with their groups. Have each group choose one of the artworks from this lesson and, assembling their words together, create a poem that is a response to or reaction against their chosen work.CUBISM | OXFORD ART
The early Cubist works of Picasso and Braque assaulted Renaissance ideals of perspective and illusionism by breaking up the picture surface into a series of planes, signs and shifting viewpoints. Volume was rendered in flat planes instead of using tonal modeling and three-dimensionality was indicated by showing multiple viewpointssimultaneously.
AFRICA TIMELINE
c. 1300–c. 1400. The Dogon people of Mali carve some of the most accomplished and oldest surviving figural wooden statues in Africa. While most figures are stylized to some degree and emphasize geometric forms, sculptures of women often include children and thereby underscore their maternal role in MIDDLE EAST TIMELINE c. 2900 BC–c. 2334 BC. Cylinder seals are used in Mesopotamia, Iran, and Syria during the 3rd millennium BC. The seal is impressed on a ball of clay that is then used to close documents, stacks of goods or doors. These figural and textual images form a rich and long-lastingsource of
DADA AND SURREALISM
International in scope and diverse in artistic output, both Dada and Surrealism were artistic, literary and intellectual movements of the early 20th century that were instrumental in defining Modernism. The Dada movement, launched in 1916 in Zurich by poets and artists such as Tristan Tzara and Hans Arp, was a direct reaction to the slaughter RENAISSANCE PARAGONE: PAINTING AND SCULPTUREMEHRETU, JULIE
Mehretu, Julie. (b Addis Ababa, 1970). ( b Addis Ababa, 1970 ). Ethiopian painter, active also in the USA. She received a BA from Kalamazoo College, Michigan ( 1992) and an MFA from Rhode Island School of Design ( 1997 ). Mehretu simultaneously references and breaks from the history of abstract modernist painting in her works,which combine
OXFORD ARTFIELDMEDIUMERAREGIONPLACE TYPEOCCUPATION Welcome to Oxford Art Online. The gateway to Oxford’s art reference works, including the peer-reviewed, regularly updated Grove® Dictionary of Art and the Benezit Dictionary of Artists. Includes over 200,000 articles that span ancient to contemporary art and architecture, as well as over 19,000 images of works of art, structures, plans, and BENEZIT DICTIONARY OF ARTISTS Welcome to Benezit Dictionary of Artists. A comprehensive and definitive resource for artists’ biographies, published since 1911. Includes 149,000 biographies as well as auction records, exhibition histories, and over 11,000 images of artists’ signatures and stamps of sale. Learn more. Featured. BROWSE IN 1800–1900 Danish, 19th century, male. Born 3 May 1818, in Odense; died 22 May 1879, in Copenhagen. Engraver (wood). Johan Peter, elder brother of the landscape painter Carl Frederik Aagaard, worked first as a shoemaker, following in his father's footsteps. HeUNIT 6 LESSON 3
Divide your students into groups of six and ask them to share their cards with their groups. Have each group choose one of the artworks from this lesson and, assembling their words together, create a poem that is a response to or reaction against their chosen work.CUBISM | OXFORD ART
The early Cubist works of Picasso and Braque assaulted Renaissance ideals of perspective and illusionism by breaking up the picture surface into a series of planes, signs and shifting viewpoints. Volume was rendered in flat planes instead of using tonal modeling and three-dimensionality was indicated by showing multiple viewpointssimultaneously.
AFRICA TIMELINE
c. 1300–c. 1400. The Dogon people of Mali carve some of the most accomplished and oldest surviving figural wooden statues in Africa. While most figures are stylized to some degree and emphasize geometric forms, sculptures of women often include children and thereby underscore their maternal role in MIDDLE EAST TIMELINE c. 2900 BC–c. 2334 BC. Cylinder seals are used in Mesopotamia, Iran, and Syria during the 3rd millennium BC. The seal is impressed on a ball of clay that is then used to close documents, stacks of goods or doors. These figural and textual images form a rich and long-lastingsource of
DADA AND SURREALISM
International in scope and diverse in artistic output, both Dada and Surrealism were artistic, literary and intellectual movements of the early 20th century that were instrumental in defining Modernism. The Dada movement, launched in 1916 in Zurich by poets and artists such as Tristan Tzara and Hans Arp, was a direct reaction to the slaughter RENAISSANCE PARAGONE: PAINTING AND SCULPTUREMEHRETU, JULIE
Mehretu, Julie. (b Addis Ababa, 1970). ( b Addis Ababa, 1970 ). Ethiopian painter, active also in the USA. She received a BA from Kalamazoo College, Michigan ( 1992) and an MFA from Rhode Island School of Design ( 1997 ). Mehretu simultaneously references and breaks from the history of abstract modernist painting in her works,which combine
BROWSE IN 10000–1000 BCE Collection: Grove Art Online. Site of the ancient Egyptian sun temple of King Neuserre ( reg c. 2416– c. 2392 bc ), on the western bank of the Nile north-west of Abusir, almost opposite the southernmost suburbs of modern Cairo. The temple, called Shesepib re (‘joy of the sun god Re’), is situated at the edge of the Libyan Desert, in the MEDIEVAL ART AND ARCHITECTURE Introduction. Ravenna, S Apollinare Nuovo, mosaic showing the Betrayal of Christ, c. 500; photo credit: Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. The thousand plus years between the division of the Roman Empire into Eastern and Western empires around the 4th century AD and the beginnings of the Renaissance in Europe are known as the medievalperiod.
CUBISM | OXFORD ART
The early Cubist works of Picasso and Braque assaulted Renaissance ideals of perspective and illusionism by breaking up the picture surface into a series of planes, signs and shifting viewpoints. Volume was rendered in flat planes instead of using tonal modeling and three-dimensionality was indicated by showing multiple viewpointssimultaneously.
RENAISSANCE PARAGONE: PAINTING AND SCULPTURE Renaissance Paragone: Painting and Sculpture. In an art-historical context, the Italian word paragone (“comparison”, pl. paragoni) can refer to any of a number of theoretical discussions that informed the development of artistic theory in 16th-century Italy. These include the comparison between the differing aesthetic qualities ofcentral
IMPRESSIONISM AND POST-IMPRESSIONISM Post-Impressionism is a term used to describe the reaction in the 1880s against Impressionism. It was led by Paul Cézanne, Paul Gauguin, Vincent van Gogh and Georges Seurat. The Post-Impressionists rejected Impressionism’s concern with the spontaneous and naturalistic rendering of light and color. Instead they favored anemphasis on more
AFRICAN AMERICAN ART Introduction. William H. Johnson: Going to Church, oil on burlap, 968×1121 mm, c. 1940–44 (Washington, DC, Smithsonian American Art Museum); photo credit: Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, DC/Art Resource, NY While African American art of the 18th and 19th centuries continued to reflect African artistic traditions, the earliest fine art made by professional African AmericanOCEANIA TIMELINE
16,000 BC–7000 BC. Paintings found in shallow caves in Arnhem Land in northern Australia of kangaroos, fish and supernatural beings employ the so-called 'X-ray' style, in which the internal organs and bones are depicted. These images are among the earliest and most distinctive forms of Aborginal art and continue to be produced today. ROMAN ART AND ARCHITECTURE Roman Art and Architecture. Revd Professor Martin Henig MA, DPhil, DLitt, FSA; Member, Faculty of Classics, University of Oxford, and Honorary Visiting Professor at the Institute of Archaeology, University College London. The Romans originated in central Italy, influenced by other local Italian cultures, notably those of Etruria,but from the
WOMEN IN THE VISUAL ARTS Introduction. Yoko Ono: Cut Piece, photo of performance, July 20, 1964 (Kyoto, Yamaichi Hall); photo courtesy of Lenono Photo Archive ©Yoko Ono From ancient times to the present, women throughout the world have participated in the visual arts in diverse and stimulating ways. NEO-CLASSICISM AND THE FRENCH REVOLUTION The French Revolution (1789–1799) was flanked by two artistic styles, Rococo and Neo-classicism. Rococo is a decorative style of the early to mid-18th century derived from the French word rocaille meaning shell. Rococo primarily influenced the ornamental arts in Europe, especially in France, southern Germany and Austria, and ismarked by
OXFORD ARTFIELDMEDIUMERAREGIONPLACE TYPEOCCUPATION Welcome to Oxford Art Online. The gateway to Oxford’s art reference works, including the peer-reviewed, regularly updated Grove® Dictionary of Art and the Benezit Dictionary of Artists. Includes over 200,000 articles that span ancient to contemporary art and architecture, as well as over 19,000 images of works of art, structures, plans, and BENEZIT DICTIONARY OF ARTISTS Welcome to Benezit Dictionary of Artists. A comprehensive and definitive resource for artists’ biographies, published since 1911. Includes 149,000 biographies as well as auction records, exhibition histories, and over 11,000 images of artists’ signatures and stamps of sale. Learn more. Featured. BROWSE IN 1800–1900 Danish, 19th century, male. Born 3 May 1818, in Odense; died 22 May 1879, in Copenhagen. Engraver (wood). Johan Peter, elder brother of the landscape painter Carl Frederik Aagaard, worked first as a shoemaker, following in his father's footsteps. HeUNIT 6 LESSON 3
Divide your students into groups of six and ask them to share their cards with their groups. Have each group choose one of the artworks from this lesson and, assembling their words together, create a poem that is a response to or reaction against their chosen work.AFRICA TIMELINE
c. 1300–c. 1400. The Dogon people of Mali carve some of the most accomplished and oldest surviving figural wooden statues in Africa. While most figures are stylized to some degree and emphasize geometric forms, sculptures of women often include children and thereby underscore their maternal role in WOMEN AND ART HISTORY "Women and art history" published on by Oxford University Press.LANDSCAPE PAINTING
Landscape painting has developed alongside, or evolved into, other forms that are treated in separate articles: Capriccio, Land art, Topography, Marine painting, Townscape and Veduta. Its influence is also discussed in Photography, §II and Garden, §I. The history of landscape painting in the Western tradition originates in theHellenistic era
DAGULF PSALTER
Carolingian Psalter (192×120mm; Vienna, Österreich. Nbib., Cod. 1861) made in the late 8th century. This remarkable illuminated Psalter has two poetic dedications, from Dagulf, the scribe who wrote it, to Charlemagne, and from Charlemagne to Hadrian (Pope Adrian I ( reg 772–95)). It is the earliest royal gift to a pope to survive,although
MOSES, (JAMES) KIVETORUK Extract. ( b nr Cape Espenberger, AK, Feb 10, 1903; d Nome, AK, 1982). Native American Inupiat painter and carver. His father, Kivoluk, a well-known hunter and trapper, established a string of whaling stations along the Arctic coast, but both of Moses’s parents died when he was young. He was brought up byan uncle
MEHRETU, JULIE
Mehretu, Julie. (b Addis Ababa, 1970). ( b Addis Ababa, 1970 ). Ethiopian painter, active also in the USA. She received a BA from Kalamazoo College, Michigan ( 1992) and an MFA from Rhode Island School of Design ( 1997 ). Mehretu simultaneously references and breaks from the history of abstract modernist painting in her works,which combine
OXFORD ARTFIELDMEDIUMERAREGIONPLACE TYPEOCCUPATION Welcome to Oxford Art Online. The gateway to Oxford’s art reference works, including the peer-reviewed, regularly updated Grove® Dictionary of Art and the Benezit Dictionary of Artists. Includes over 200,000 articles that span ancient to contemporary art and architecture, as well as over 19,000 images of works of art, structures, plans, and BENEZIT DICTIONARY OF ARTISTS Welcome to Benezit Dictionary of Artists. A comprehensive and definitive resource for artists’ biographies, published since 1911. Includes 149,000 biographies as well as auction records, exhibition histories, and over 11,000 images of artists’ signatures and stamps of sale. Learn more. Featured. BROWSE IN 1800–1900 Danish, 19th century, male. Born 3 May 1818, in Odense; died 22 May 1879, in Copenhagen. Engraver (wood). Johan Peter, elder brother of the landscape painter Carl Frederik Aagaard, worked first as a shoemaker, following in his father's footsteps. HeUNIT 6 LESSON 3
Divide your students into groups of six and ask them to share their cards with their groups. Have each group choose one of the artworks from this lesson and, assembling their words together, create a poem that is a response to or reaction against their chosen work.AFRICA TIMELINE
c. 1300–c. 1400. The Dogon people of Mali carve some of the most accomplished and oldest surviving figural wooden statues in Africa. While most figures are stylized to some degree and emphasize geometric forms, sculptures of women often include children and thereby underscore their maternal role in WOMEN AND ART HISTORY "Women and art history" published on by Oxford University Press.LANDSCAPE PAINTING
Landscape painting has developed alongside, or evolved into, other forms that are treated in separate articles: Capriccio, Land art, Topography, Marine painting, Townscape and Veduta. Its influence is also discussed in Photography, §II and Garden, §I. The history of landscape painting in the Western tradition originates in theHellenistic era
DAGULF PSALTER
Carolingian Psalter (192×120mm; Vienna, Österreich. Nbib., Cod. 1861) made in the late 8th century. This remarkable illuminated Psalter has two poetic dedications, from Dagulf, the scribe who wrote it, to Charlemagne, and from Charlemagne to Hadrian (Pope Adrian I ( reg 772–95)). It is the earliest royal gift to a pope to survive,although
MOSES, (JAMES) KIVETORUK Extract. ( b nr Cape Espenberger, AK, Feb 10, 1903; d Nome, AK, 1982). Native American Inupiat painter and carver. His father, Kivoluk, a well-known hunter and trapper, established a string of whaling stations along the Arctic coast, but both of Moses’s parents died when he was young. He was brought up byan uncle
MEHRETU, JULIE
Mehretu, Julie. (b Addis Ababa, 1970). ( b Addis Ababa, 1970 ). Ethiopian painter, active also in the USA. She received a BA from Kalamazoo College, Michigan ( 1992) and an MFA from Rhode Island School of Design ( 1997 ). Mehretu simultaneously references and breaks from the history of abstract modernist painting in her works,which combine
BROWSE IN 1800–1900 Danish, 19th century, male. Born 3 May 1818, in Odense; died 22 May 1879, in Copenhagen. Engraver (wood). Johan Peter, elder brother of the landscape painter Carl Frederik Aagaard, worked first as a shoemaker, following in his father's footsteps. HeCUBISM | OXFORD ART
The early Cubist works of Picasso and Braque assaulted Renaissance ideals of perspective and illusionism by breaking up the picture surface into a series of planes, signs and shifting viewpoints. Volume was rendered in flat planes instead of using tonal modeling and three-dimensionality was indicated by showing multiple viewpointssimultaneously.
RENAISSANCE PARAGONE: PAINTING AND SCULPTURE Renaissance Paragone: Painting and Sculpture. In an art-historical context, the Italian word paragone (“comparison”, pl. paragoni) can refer to any of a number of theoretical discussions that informed the development of artistic theory in 16th-century Italy. These include the comparison between the differing aesthetic qualities ofcentral
OCEANIA TIMELINE
16,000 BC–7000 BC. Paintings found in shallow caves in Arnhem Land in northern Australia of kangaroos, fish and supernatural beings employ the so-called 'X-ray' style, in which the internal organs and bones are depicted. These images are among the earliest and most distinctive forms of Aborginal art and continue to be produced today. AMERICAN WOMEN PHOTOGRAPHERS, C. 1900-1940 American Women Photographers, c. 1900-1940. Dalia Linssen, Lecturer, Rhode Island School of Design. Through a range of diverse artistic, journalistic, and documentary modes, American women have actively shaped the medium of photography. By the end of the 19th century, evolving social structures in the domestic sphere led more women topursue
ARTIST'S WORK/ARTISTS VOICE: LOUIS I. KAHN: LESSON 1 Experts on Kahn’s work often describe the architect’s connection to written language: "Words, for Louis I. Kahn, projected the same powerful imagery as his sketches, drawings, and the work itself" ; "He toiled over the making of wordswith
BALDACCHINO
"Baldacchino" published on by Oxford University Press.PETOSIRIS, TOMB OF
Petosiris held important sacerdotal and administrative posts related to the god Thoth at Hermopolis. His tomb (the T-shaped ground-plan of which anticipates the temples of Greco-Roman Egypt) is fronted by a horned altar (an early example in Egypt), characteristically erected off-axis. The interior of the pronaos (porch) is open to the air, with TALLARD, MARIE-JOSEPH D’HOSTUN, DUC DE "Tallard, Marie-Joseph d’Hostun, Duc de" published on by OxfordUniversity Press.
FIRST BIBLE OF CHARLES THE BALD "First Bible of Charles the Bald" published on by Oxford UniversityPress.
OXFORD ARTFIELDMEDIUMERAREGIONPLACE TYPEOCCUPATION Welcome to Oxford Art Online. The gateway to Oxford’s art reference works, including the peer-reviewed, regularly updated Grove® Dictionary of Art and the Benezit Dictionary of Artists; Includes over 200,000 articles that span ancient to contemporary art and architecture, as well as over 19,000 images of works of art, structures, plans, and artist signatures BENEZIT DICTIONARY OF ARTISTS Welcome to Benezit Dictionary of Artists. A comprehensive and definitive resource for artists’ biographies, published since 1911. Includes 149,000 biographies as well as auction records, exhibition histories, and over 11,000 images of artists’ signatures and stamps of sale. Learn more. Featured.UNIT 6 LESSON 3
Divide your students into groups of six and ask them to share their cards with their groups. Have each group choose one of the artworks from this lesson and, assembling their words together, create a poem that is a response to or reaction against their chosen work. MEDIEVAL ART AND ARCHITECTURE The sophisticated visual culture encompassed numerous media—architecture, sculpture, painting, textiles, shrines and ivories. The works of the medieval period remain a rich area of study for scholars interested in diverse interdisciplinary topics such as economic history, political and religious studies and the status ofwomen in medieval
AFRICA TIMELINE
c. 1300–c. 1400. The Dogon people of Mali carve some of the most accomplished and oldest surviving figural wooden statues in Africa. While most figures are stylized to some degree and emphasize geometric forms, sculptures of women often include children and thereby underscore their maternal role in RENAISSANCE PARAGONE: PAINTING AND SCULPTURE NEO-CLASSICISM AND THE FRENCH REVOLUTION The French Revolution (1789–1799) was flanked by two artistic styles, Rococo and Neo-classicism. Rococo is a decorative style of the early to mid-18th century derived from the French word rocaille meaning shell. Rococo primarily influenced the ornamental arts in Europe, especially in France, southern Germany and Austria, and ismarked by
LANDSCAPE PAINTING
Landscape painting has developed alongside, or evolved into, other forms that are treated in separate articles: Capriccio, Land art, Topography, Marine painting, Townscape and Veduta. Its influence is also discussed in Photography, §II and Garden, §I. The history of landscape painting in the Western tradition originates in theHellenistic era
MOSES, (JAMES) KIVETORUK Extract. ( b nr Cape Espenberger, AK, Feb 10, 1903; d Nome, AK, 1982). Native American Inupiat painter and carver. His father, Kivoluk, a well-known hunter and trapper, established a string of whaling stations along the Arctic coast, but both of Moses’s parents died when he was young. He was brought up byan uncle
DADA | GROVE ART
Extract. Artistic and literary movement launched in Zurich in 1916 but shared by independent groups in New York, Berlin, Paris, and elsewhere. The Dadaists channelled their revulsion at World War I into an indictment of the nationalist and materialist values that had brought it about. They were united not by a common style but by arejection of
OXFORD ARTFIELDMEDIUMERAREGIONPLACE TYPEOCCUPATION Welcome to Oxford Art Online. The gateway to Oxford’s art reference works, including the peer-reviewed, regularly updated Grove® Dictionary of Art and the Benezit Dictionary of Artists; Includes over 200,000 articles that span ancient to contemporary art and architecture, as well as over 19,000 images of works of art, structures, plans, and artist signatures BENEZIT DICTIONARY OF ARTISTS Welcome to Benezit Dictionary of Artists. A comprehensive and definitive resource for artists’ biographies, published since 1911. Includes 149,000 biographies as well as auction records, exhibition histories, and over 11,000 images of artists’ signatures and stamps of sale. Learn more. Featured.UNIT 6 LESSON 3
Divide your students into groups of six and ask them to share their cards with their groups. Have each group choose one of the artworks from this lesson and, assembling their words together, create a poem that is a response to or reaction against their chosen work. MEDIEVAL ART AND ARCHITECTURE The sophisticated visual culture encompassed numerous media—architecture, sculpture, painting, textiles, shrines and ivories. The works of the medieval period remain a rich area of study for scholars interested in diverse interdisciplinary topics such as economic history, political and religious studies and the status ofwomen in medieval
AFRICA TIMELINE
c. 1300–c. 1400. The Dogon people of Mali carve some of the most accomplished and oldest surviving figural wooden statues in Africa. While most figures are stylized to some degree and emphasize geometric forms, sculptures of women often include children and thereby underscore their maternal role in RENAISSANCE PARAGONE: PAINTING AND SCULPTURE NEO-CLASSICISM AND THE FRENCH REVOLUTION The French Revolution (1789–1799) was flanked by two artistic styles, Rococo and Neo-classicism. Rococo is a decorative style of the early to mid-18th century derived from the French word rocaille meaning shell. Rococo primarily influenced the ornamental arts in Europe, especially in France, southern Germany and Austria, and ismarked by
LANDSCAPE PAINTING
Landscape painting has developed alongside, or evolved into, other forms that are treated in separate articles: Capriccio, Land art, Topography, Marine painting, Townscape and Veduta. Its influence is also discussed in Photography, §II and Garden, §I. The history of landscape painting in the Western tradition originates in theHellenistic era
MOSES, (JAMES) KIVETORUK Extract. ( b nr Cape Espenberger, AK, Feb 10, 1903; d Nome, AK, 1982). Native American Inupiat painter and carver. His father, Kivoluk, a well-known hunter and trapper, established a string of whaling stations along the Arctic coast, but both of Moses’s parents died when he was young. He was brought up byan uncle
DADA | GROVE ART
Extract. Artistic and literary movement launched in Zurich in 1916 but shared by independent groups in New York, Berlin, Paris, and elsewhere. The Dadaists channelled their revulsion at World War I into an indictment of the nationalist and materialist values that had brought it about. They were united not by a common style but by arejection of
BROWSE IN 1800–1900 Danish, 19th century, male. Born 3 May 1818, in Odense; died 22 May 1879, in Copenhagen. Engraver (wood). Johan Peter, elder brother of the landscape painter Carl Frederik Aagaard, worked first as a shoemaker, following in his father's footsteps. He MEDIEVAL ART AND ARCHITECTURE The sophisticated visual culture encompassed numerous media—architecture, sculpture, painting, textiles, shrines and ivories. The works of the medieval period remain a rich area of study for scholars interested in diverse interdisciplinary topics such as economic history, political and religious studies and the status ofwomen in medieval
ROMAN ART AND ARCHITECTURE Roman Art and Architecture. Revd Professor Martin Henig MA, DPhil, DLitt, FSA; Member, Faculty of Classics, University of Oxford, and Honorary Visiting Professor at the Institute of Archaeology, University College London. The Romans originated in central Italy, influenced by other local Italian cultures, notably those of Etruria,but from the
ART IN THE 21ST CENTURY A key feature of the art scene in the 21st century (and of many sectors of 21st-century life) is the impact of globalization – the accelerating interconnectivity of human activity and information across time and space. Aided by the internet and mass media, awareness of the vitality of contemporary art in localities around the globe hasgrown
RENAISSANCE PARAGONE: PAINTING AND SCULPTURE Renaissance Paragone: Painting and Sculpture. In an art-historical context, the Italian word paragone (“comparison”, pl. paragoni) can refer to any of a number of theoretical discussions that informed the development of artistic theory in 16th-century Italy. These include the comparison between the differing aesthetic qualities ofcentral
IMPRESSIONISM AND POST-IMPRESSIONISM Post-Impressionism is a term used to describe the reaction in the 1880s against Impressionism. It was led by Paul Cézanne, Paul Gauguin, Vincent van Gogh and Georges Seurat. The Post-Impressionists rejected Impressionism’s concern with the spontaneous and naturalistic rendering of light and color. Instead they favored anemphasis on more
CUBISM | OXFORD ART
The early Cubist works of Picasso and Braque assaulted Renaissance ideals of perspective and illusionism by breaking up the picture surface into a series of planes, signs and shifting viewpoints. Volume was rendered in flat planes instead of using tonal modeling and three-dimensionality was indicated by showing multiple viewpointssimultaneously.
AFRICAN AMERICAN ART In the 1980s African American art was the subject of a number of pioneering exhibitions, such as Black Art—Ancestral Legacy: The African Impulse in African American Art (Dallas Museum of Art, 1989), that brought together the works of African, Caribbean and African American academic and folk artists. Today’s artists, such as KaraWalker and
AMERICAN WOMEN PHOTOGRAPHERS, C. 1900-1940 American Women Photographers, c. 1900-1940. Dalia Linssen, Lecturer, Rhode Island School of Design. Through a range of diverse artistic, journalistic, and documentary modes, American women have actively shaped the medium of photography. By the end of the 19th century, evolving social structures in the domestic sphere led more women topursue
DAGULF PSALTER
Carolingian Psalter (192×120mm; Vienna, Österreich. Nbib., Cod. 1861) made in the late 8th century. This remarkable illuminated Psalter has two poetic dedications, from Dagulf, the scribe who wrote it, to Charlemagne, and from Charlemagne to Hadrian (Pope Adrian I ( reg 772–95)). It is the earliest royal gift to a pope to survive,although
OXFORD ARTFIELDMEDIUMERAREGIONPLACE TYPEOCCUPATION Welcome to Oxford Art Online. The gateway to Oxford’s art reference works, including the peer-reviewed, regularly updated Grove® Dictionary of Art and the Benezit Dictionary of Artists; Includes over 200,000 articles that span ancient to contemporary art and architecture, as well as over 19,000 images of works of art, structures, plans, and artist signatures BENEZIT DICTIONARY OF ARTISTS Welcome to Benezit Dictionary of Artists. A comprehensive and definitive resource for artists’ biographies, published since 1911. Includes 149,000 biographies as well as auction records, exhibition histories, and over 11,000 images of artists’ signatures and stamps of sale. Learn more. Featured. BROWSE IN 1800–1900 Danish, 19th century, male. Born 3 May 1818, in Odense; died 22 May 1879, in Copenhagen. Engraver (wood). Johan Peter, elder brother of the landscape painter Carl Frederik Aagaard, worked first as a shoemaker, following in his father's footsteps. HeUNIT 6 LESSON 3
Divide your students into groups of six and ask them to share their cards with their groups. Have each group choose one of the artworks from this lesson and, assembling their words together, create a poem that is a response to or reaction against their chosen work.AFRICA TIMELINE
c. 1300–c. 1400. The Dogon people of Mali carve some of the most accomplished and oldest surviving figural wooden statues in Africa. While most figures are stylized to some degree and emphasize geometric forms, sculptures of women often include children and thereby underscore their maternal role in WOMEN AND ART HISTORY "Women and art history" published on by Oxford University Press.LANDSCAPE PAINTING
Landscape painting has developed alongside, or evolved into, other forms that are treated in separate articles: Capriccio, Land art, Topography, Marine painting, Townscape and Veduta. Its influence is also discussed in Photography, §II and Garden, §I. The history of landscape painting in the Western tradition originates in theHellenistic era
DAGULF PSALTER
Carolingian Psalter (192×120mm; Vienna, Österreich. Nbib., Cod. 1861) made in the late 8th century. This remarkable illuminated Psalter has two poetic dedications, from Dagulf, the scribe who wrote it, to Charlemagne, and from Charlemagne to Hadrian (Pope Adrian I ( reg 772–95)). It is the earliest royal gift to a pope to survive,although
MOSES, (JAMES) KIVETORUK Extract. ( b nr Cape Espenberger, AK, Feb 10, 1903; d Nome, AK, 1982). Native American Inupiat painter and carver. His father, Kivoluk, a well-known hunter and trapper, established a string of whaling stations along the Arctic coast, but both of Moses’s parents died when he was young. He was brought up byan uncle
MEHRETU, JULIE
Mehretu, Julie. (b Addis Ababa, 1970). ( b Addis Ababa, 1970 ). Ethiopian painter, active also in the USA. She received a BA from Kalamazoo College, Michigan ( 1992) and an MFA from Rhode Island School of Design ( 1997 ). Mehretu simultaneously references and breaks from the history of abstract modernist painting in her works,which combine
OXFORD ARTFIELDMEDIUMERAREGIONPLACE TYPEOCCUPATION Welcome to Oxford Art Online. The gateway to Oxford’s art reference works, including the peer-reviewed, regularly updated Grove® Dictionary of Art and the Benezit Dictionary of Artists; Includes over 200,000 articles that span ancient to contemporary art and architecture, as well as over 19,000 images of works of art, structures, plans, and artist signatures BENEZIT DICTIONARY OF ARTISTS Welcome to Benezit Dictionary of Artists. A comprehensive and definitive resource for artists’ biographies, published since 1911. Includes 149,000 biographies as well as auction records, exhibition histories, and over 11,000 images of artists’ signatures and stamps of sale. Learn more. Featured. BROWSE IN 1800–1900 Danish, 19th century, male. Born 3 May 1818, in Odense; died 22 May 1879, in Copenhagen. Engraver (wood). Johan Peter, elder brother of the landscape painter Carl Frederik Aagaard, worked first as a shoemaker, following in his father's footsteps. HeUNIT 6 LESSON 3
Divide your students into groups of six and ask them to share their cards with their groups. Have each group choose one of the artworks from this lesson and, assembling their words together, create a poem that is a response to or reaction against their chosen work.AFRICA TIMELINE
c. 1300–c. 1400. The Dogon people of Mali carve some of the most accomplished and oldest surviving figural wooden statues in Africa. While most figures are stylized to some degree and emphasize geometric forms, sculptures of women often include children and thereby underscore their maternal role in WOMEN AND ART HISTORY "Women and art history" published on by Oxford University Press.LANDSCAPE PAINTING
Landscape painting has developed alongside, or evolved into, other forms that are treated in separate articles: Capriccio, Land art, Topography, Marine painting, Townscape and Veduta. Its influence is also discussed in Photography, §II and Garden, §I. The history of landscape painting in the Western tradition originates in theHellenistic era
DAGULF PSALTER
Carolingian Psalter (192×120mm; Vienna, Österreich. Nbib., Cod. 1861) made in the late 8th century. This remarkable illuminated Psalter has two poetic dedications, from Dagulf, the scribe who wrote it, to Charlemagne, and from Charlemagne to Hadrian (Pope Adrian I ( reg 772–95)). It is the earliest royal gift to a pope to survive,although
MOSES, (JAMES) KIVETORUK Extract. ( b nr Cape Espenberger, AK, Feb 10, 1903; d Nome, AK, 1982). Native American Inupiat painter and carver. His father, Kivoluk, a well-known hunter and trapper, established a string of whaling stations along the Arctic coast, but both of Moses’s parents died when he was young. He was brought up byan uncle
MEHRETU, JULIE
Mehretu, Julie. (b Addis Ababa, 1970). ( b Addis Ababa, 1970 ). Ethiopian painter, active also in the USA. She received a BA from Kalamazoo College, Michigan ( 1992) and an MFA from Rhode Island School of Design ( 1997 ). Mehretu simultaneously references and breaks from the history of abstract modernist painting in her works,which combine
BROWSE IN 1800–1900 Danish, 19th century, male. Born 3 May 1818, in Odense; died 22 May 1879, in Copenhagen. Engraver (wood). Johan Peter, elder brother of the landscape painter Carl Frederik Aagaard, worked first as a shoemaker, following in his father's footsteps. HeCUBISM | OXFORD ART
The early Cubist works of Picasso and Braque assaulted Renaissance ideals of perspective and illusionism by breaking up the picture surface into a series of planes, signs and shifting viewpoints. Volume was rendered in flat planes instead of using tonal modeling and three-dimensionality was indicated by showing multiple viewpointssimultaneously.
RENAISSANCE PARAGONE: PAINTING AND SCULPTURE Renaissance Paragone: Painting and Sculpture. In an art-historical context, the Italian word paragone (“comparison”, pl. paragoni) can refer to any of a number of theoretical discussions that informed the development of artistic theory in 16th-century Italy. These include the comparison between the differing aesthetic qualities ofcentral
OCEANIA TIMELINE
16,000 BC–7000 BC. Paintings found in shallow caves in Arnhem Land in northern Australia of kangaroos, fish and supernatural beings employ the so-called 'X-ray' style, in which the internal organs and bones are depicted. These images are among the earliest and most distinctive forms of Aborginal art and continue to be produced today.DADA AND SURREALISM
International in scope and diverse in artistic output, both Dada and Surrealism were artistic, literary and intellectual movements of the early 20th century that were instrumental in defining Modernism. The Dada movement, launched in 1916 in Zurich by poets and artists such as Tristan Tzara and Hans Arp, was a direct reaction to the slaughter AMERICAN WOMEN PHOTOGRAPHERS, C. 1900-1940 American Women Photographers, c. 1900-1940. Dalia Linssen, Lecturer, Rhode Island School of Design. Through a range of diverse artistic, journalistic, and documentary modes, American women have actively shaped the medium of photography. By the end of the 19th century, evolving social structures in the domestic sphere led more women topursue
ARTIST'S WORK/ARTISTS VOICE: LOUIS I. KAHN: LESSON 1 Experts on Kahn’s work often describe the architect’s connection to written language: "Words, for Louis I. Kahn, projected the same powerful imagery as his sketches, drawings, and the work itself" ; "He toiled over the making of wordswith
PETOSIRIS, TOMB OF
Petosiris held important sacerdotal and administrative posts related to the god Thoth at Hermopolis. His tomb (the T-shaped ground-plan of which anticipates the temples of Greco-Roman Egypt) is fronted by a horned altar (an early example in Egypt), characteristically erected off-axis. The interior of the pronaos (porch) is open to the air, with TALLARD, MARIE-JOSEPH D’HOSTUN, DUC DE "Tallard, Marie-Joseph d’Hostun, Duc de" published on by OxfordUniversity Press.
FIRST BIBLE OF CHARLES THE BALD "First Bible of Charles the Bald" published on by Oxford UniversityPress.
OXFORD ARTFIELDMEDIUMERAREGIONPLACE TYPEOCCUPATION Welcome to Oxford Art Online. The gateway to Oxford’s art reference works, including the peer-reviewed, regularly updated Grove® Dictionary of Art and the Benezit Dictionary of Artists; Includes over 200,000 articles that span ancient to contemporary art and architecture, as well as over 19,000 images of works of art, structures, plans, and artist signatures BENEZIT DICTIONARY OF ARTISTS Welcome to Benezit Dictionary of Artists. A comprehensive and definitive resource for artists’ biographies, published since 1911; Includes 149,000 biographies as well as auction records, exhibition histories, and over 11,000 images of artists’ signatures and stampsof sale
MEDIEVAL ART AND ARCHITECTURE Introduction. Ravenna, S Apollinare Nuovo, mosaic showing the Betrayal of Christ, c. 500; photo credit: Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. The thousand plus years between the division of the Roman Empire into Eastern and Western empires around the 4th century AD and the beginnings of the Renaissance in Europe are known as the medievalperiod.
UNIT 6 LESSON 3
Action/Reaction: Art and Politics INTRODUCTION. Following the outbreak of World War I, avant-garde artistic practices that had been developed to challenge traditional means of representation (Cubism, for example) lost their resonance with many artists, who felt that their abstract fissures and voids were too removed from current political and socialrealities.
RENAISSANCE PARAGONE: PAINTING AND SCULPTUREAFRICA TIMELINE
Paintings in charcoal, ochre and white pigments of such animals as zebras and rhinoceroses, found on portable stones in domestic debris in the Apollo 11 cave in Namibia, are the oldest datable rockpaintings in
NEO-CLASSICISM AND THE FRENCH REVOLUTION Introduction. Jacques-Louis David: Oath of the Horatii, oil on canvas, 3.30×4.25 m, 1784 (Paris, Musée du Louvre); Photo credit: Scala/Art Resources NY The French Revolution (1789–1799) was flanked by two artistic styles, Rococo and Neo-classicism. Rococo is a decorative style of the early to mid-18th century derived from the French word rocaille meaning shell.LANDSCAPE PAINTING
Extract. Type of work in which natural scenery is the essential visual motif; an independent pictorial form in Europe from the 16th century. The German term Landschaft and the Italian paese (later paesaggio) were both first employed c. 1520. The Western tradition from which the form arose, and which is discussed here, stretches back, however, to the Classical world. MOSES, (JAMES) KIVETORUK "Moses, (James) Kivetoruk" published on by Oxford University Press.DADA | GROVE ART
Extract. Artistic and literary movement launched in Zurich in 1916 but shared by independent groups in New York, Berlin, Paris, and elsewhere. The Dadaists channelled their revulsion at World War I into an indictment of the nationalist and materialist values that hadbrought it about.
OXFORD ARTFIELDMEDIUMERAREGIONPLACE TYPEOCCUPATION Welcome to Oxford Art Online. The gateway to Oxford’s art reference works, including the peer-reviewed, regularly updated Grove® Dictionary of Art and the Benezit Dictionary of Artists; Includes over 200,000 articles that span ancient to contemporary art and architecture, as well as over 19,000 images of works of art, structures, plans, and artist signatures BENEZIT DICTIONARY OF ARTISTS Welcome to Benezit Dictionary of Artists. A comprehensive and definitive resource for artists’ biographies, published since 1911; Includes 149,000 biographies as well as auction records, exhibition histories, and over 11,000 images of artists’ signatures and stampsof sale
MEDIEVAL ART AND ARCHITECTURE Introduction. Ravenna, S Apollinare Nuovo, mosaic showing the Betrayal of Christ, c. 500; photo credit: Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. The thousand plus years between the division of the Roman Empire into Eastern and Western empires around the 4th century AD and the beginnings of the Renaissance in Europe are known as the medievalperiod.
UNIT 6 LESSON 3
Action/Reaction: Art and Politics INTRODUCTION. Following the outbreak of World War I, avant-garde artistic practices that had been developed to challenge traditional means of representation (Cubism, for example) lost their resonance with many artists, who felt that their abstract fissures and voids were too removed from current political and socialrealities.
RENAISSANCE PARAGONE: PAINTING AND SCULPTUREAFRICA TIMELINE
Paintings in charcoal, ochre and white pigments of such animals as zebras and rhinoceroses, found on portable stones in domestic debris in the Apollo 11 cave in Namibia, are the oldest datable rockpaintings in
NEO-CLASSICISM AND THE FRENCH REVOLUTION Introduction. Jacques-Louis David: Oath of the Horatii, oil on canvas, 3.30×4.25 m, 1784 (Paris, Musée du Louvre); Photo credit: Scala/Art Resources NY The French Revolution (1789–1799) was flanked by two artistic styles, Rococo and Neo-classicism. Rococo is a decorative style of the early to mid-18th century derived from the French word rocaille meaning shell.LANDSCAPE PAINTING
Extract. Type of work in which natural scenery is the essential visual motif; an independent pictorial form in Europe from the 16th century. The German term Landschaft and the Italian paese (later paesaggio) were both first employed c. 1520. The Western tradition from which the form arose, and which is discussed here, stretches back, however, to the Classical world. MOSES, (JAMES) KIVETORUK "Moses, (James) Kivetoruk" published on by Oxford University Press.DADA | GROVE ART
Extract. Artistic and literary movement launched in Zurich in 1916 but shared by independent groups in New York, Berlin, Paris, and elsewhere. The Dadaists channelled their revulsion at World War I into an indictment of the nationalist and materialist values that hadbrought it about.
BROWSE IN 1800–1900 Danish, 19th century, male. Born 29 January 1833, in Odense; died 2 November 1895, in Copenhagen. Painter. Landscapes with figures, landscapes. Carl Frederik Aagaard studied at the Kongelige Danske Kunstakademi in Copenhagen, and then assisted his elder brother, from whom he learned the technique of engraving on glass. ROMAN ART AND ARCHITECTURE Revd Professor Martin Henig MA, DPhil, DLitt, FSA; Member, Faculty of Classics, University of Oxford, and Honorary Visiting Professor at the Institute of Archaeology, University College London MEDIEVAL ART AND ARCHITECTURE Introduction. Ravenna, S Apollinare Nuovo, mosaic showing the Betrayal of Christ, c. 500; photo credit: Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. The thousand plus years between the division of the Roman Empire into Eastern and Western empires around the 4th century AD and the beginnings of the Renaissance in Europe are known as the medievalperiod.
RENAISSANCE PARAGONE: PAINTING AND SCULPTURE In an art-historical context, the Italian word paragone (“comparison”, pl. paragoni) can refer to any of a number of theoretical discussions that informed the development of artistic theory in 16th-century Italy.These include the comparison between the differing aesthetic qualities of central Italian and Venetian schools of painting (the so-called disegno/colore paragone) and whether IMPRESSIONISM AND POST-IMPRESSIONISM Introduction. Paul Cézanne: Zola’s House at Médan, oil on canvas, 590×725 mm, c. 1880 (Glasgow, Burrell Collection); photo credit: Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY Both Impressionism and Post-Impressionism refer to influential artistic movements arising in late 19th-century France.CUBISM | OXFORD ART
African American Art; American Art and Architecture; Ancient Egypt; Art in the 21st Century; Art Markets; Asian Art; Australian Modern andContemporary Art
AFRICAN AMERICAN ART Introduction. William H. Johnson: Going to Church, oil on burlap, 968×1121 mm, c. 1940–44 (Washington, DC, Smithsonian American Art Museum); photo credit: Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, DC/Art Resource, NY While African American art of the 18th and 19th centuries continued to reflect African artistic traditions, the earliest fine art made by professional African American AMERICAN WOMEN PHOTOGRAPHERS, C. 1900-1940 Dalia Linssen, Lecturer, Rhode Island School of Design. Through a range of diverse artistic, journalistic, and documentary modes, American women have actively shaped the medium of photography. WOMEN AND ART HISTORY "Women and art history" published on by Oxford University Press.DAGULF PSALTER
"Dagulf Psalter" published on by Oxford University Press. We use cookies to enhance your experience on our website. By clicking 'continue' or by continuing to use our website, you are agreeing to our use of cookies. You can change your cookie settings at any time.* Continue
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Don't have an account? Sign in via your Institution You could not be signed in, please check and try again. Sign in with your library card Please enter your library card number WELCOME TO OXFORD ART ONLINE * The gateway to Oxford’s art reference works, including the peer-reviewed, regularly updated Grove® Dictionary of Art and the Benezit Dictionary of Artists * Includes over 200,000 articles that span ancient to contemporary art and architecture, as well as over 19,000 images of works of art, structures, plans, and artist signaturesLearn more
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EIFFEL TOWER
Despite its later popularity and its role as the centerpiece of the 1889 Exposition Universelle, the Eiffel Tower was initially vilified by those who opposed its industrial aesthetic and feared the structure would overshadow the traditional monuments ofParis.
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ANNA PETROVNA OSTROUMOVA-LEBEDEVA A prominent member of the World of Art (Mir Iskusstva) group of artists and writers, Anna Petrovna Ostroumova-Lebedeva championed the culture of St. Petersburg, especially its Classical architecture, which she rendered in lithography, etchings, andengravings.
APRIL 2020 UPDATE
In this update, Grove Art publishes 1 new and 255 revised articles, as well as 4 emendations. LETTER FROM THE EDITOR Read a letter from the Editor in Chief of the _Benezit Dictionary of Artists_, Dr. Valerie Cassel Oliver, discussing her editorial approach and the work underway to expand Benezit’s coverage of emerging artists, varied media, and artists of diverse social and culturalbackgrounds.
GROVE GUIDE TO THE ART MARKET Explore the new Grove Art subject guide on the art market , which brings together articles related to finance, art law, provenance, cultural heritage, collecting, connoisseurship, galleries, auction houses, and dealers.COLLECTION GUIDES
Join Benezit on a tour of unique art collections around the world! Written by experts and curators, our Collection Guides present the history and highlights of museums and galleries. Follow links to related texts in Oxford Art Online and around the web to learn more about the artists in these outstanding collections.LATIN AMERICAN ART
Grove Art continues a major initiative to revise and expand Grove’s content on Latin American art and architecture. Led by Tom
Cummins at Harvard University, this project includes scholarship on topics from the Pre-Columbian period to present day.NEWS
APRIL 9, 2020
WHAT'S NEW IN APRIL 2020 In this update, Grove Art publishes 1 new and 255 revised articles, as well as 4 emendations.MARCH 11, 2020
WHAT'S NEW IN MARCH 2020 In this update, Grove Art publishes 1 new and 21 revised articles, as well as 382 emendations. Benezit publishes 34 revised entries.FEBRUARY 20, 2020
WHAT'S NEW IN FEBRUARY 2020 In this update, Grove Art publishes 2 new and 106 revised articles, as well as 6 emendations. Benezit publishes a letter from its new Editorin Chief.
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