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transformers.
SIMPLE AUDIO CIRCUITS Video Amplifier. From Figure 2.15, you can see the circuit of typical video amplifier utilising a sole 2N3819 FET. The circuit delivers a voltage gain of 5: the maximum signal input before output-peak clipping, at 1 MΩ load, is 0.6 V rms for 3 V rms output. For increasing gain, you may cascade the stages.SIMPLE SCR CIRCUITS
Simple SCR Circuits. In this post we will learn how to build a few SCR applications circuits such as battery charger, code oscillator, rain alarm, automatic night lamp etc. An SCR or a silicon controlled rectifier is a semiconductor device which conducts a relatively larger voltage and current across its anode cathode terminals in response toa
HOW TO CONNECT SOLAR PANELS IN SERIES AND PARALLEL Solar devices are normally attached in parallel to achieve greater output current. For Photo voltaic components attached in parallel absolute power is determined as cited below: Connecting solar panels in parallel. Add up to combined power = 150W + 150W + 150W + 150W = 600W. Contrary to the combination in series, when solar panels areconnected
FULLY AUTOMATIC BATTERY CHARGER WITH SHORT CIRCUIT AND A fully protected charger should comprise: Function during a short circuit. Undamaged by charging attempts or a reversely-connected battery. Function into a completely flat battery. Regulated for voltage and current. Able to float a fully charged battery for prolonged periods. Interestingly, the short circuit proof battery charger checks all boxes. CONSTANT CURRENT BATTERY CHARGER CIRCUITS The simple constant current charger circuit above shows how to use a LM317 adjustable voltage regulator as a constant current source. The voltage in the middle of the wiper port and the end terminal is actually 1.25 volts, therefore simply by joining the wiper terminal with the load and inserting a resistor (R) somewhere between the load and the end terminal, a constant current of 1.25/R can 12V 100AH BATTERY CHARGER CIRCUIT Charging current for lead acid batteries is usually from 10% to 25% of the volume. For instance: When you have 100Ah battery it is possible to charge it at 10A. For those who have 200Ah battery it is possible to charge at 20A, and so on. You can take advantage of this formula: Charging current = 1/10 x Ah. HOW TO CHARGE A LI-ION BATTERY CORRECTLY AND SAFELY The recommended charging rate of an Li-Ion Cell is between 0.5C and 1C; the full charge period is approximately TWO TO THREE hours. In "1C", "C" refers to the AH or the mAH value of the battery, meaning if the Li-ion cell is rated at 2600mAH then the "C" value becomes 2600, or 2.6 Amps, which implies that it can be charged at its full 1C, orat
HOW TO CALCULATE FILTER CAPACITOR FOR SMOOTHING RIPPLE C = I / (2 x f x Vpp) (considering f = 50Hz and load current condition as 2amp) = 2 / (2 x 50 x 1) = 2 / 100. = 0.02 Farads or 20,000uF (1Farad = 1000000 uF) Accordingly, the above formula exposes just how the demanded filter capacitor could possibly be estimated with regards to the load current and the smallest permissible ripple current in MAKING EASY CIRCUITS The high input impedance and high gain of the FET encourage ease and efficiency in multiple transistorized oscillator circuits. often, the FET can be utilised directly in transistor circuits and needs no unique circuit components. This convenience is vital, particularly in crystal-controlled, RC-tuned, and capacitance-feedback oscillators. 12 BEST OSCILLATOR CIRCUITS EXPLAINED A U.T.C. Type S-8 transformer evaluated in this circuit provided a frequency of 500 Hz with C x = 0.002 µF, and 1.1 kHz with no external capacitor. At 500 Hz, the open-circuit output voltage was 1 V rms and the current drain is 1 mA at 6 VDC. It is possible to commence comparable operation with some of the smaller, transistor-typetransformers.
SIMPLE AUDIO CIRCUITS Video Amplifier. From Figure 2.15, you can see the circuit of typical video amplifier utilising a sole 2N3819 FET. The circuit delivers a voltage gain of 5: the maximum signal input before output-peak clipping, at 1 MΩ load, is 0.6 V rms for 3 V rms output. For increasing gain, you may cascade the stages.SIMPLE SCR CIRCUITS
Simple SCR Circuits. In this post we will learn how to build a few SCR applications circuits such as battery charger, code oscillator, rain alarm, automatic night lamp etc. An SCR or a silicon controlled rectifier is a semiconductor device which conducts a relatively larger voltage and current across its anode cathode terminals in response toa
HOW TO CONNECT SOLAR PANELS IN SERIES AND PARALLEL Solar devices are normally attached in parallel to achieve greater output current. For Photo voltaic components attached in parallel absolute power is determined as cited below: Connecting solar panels in parallel. Add up to combined power = 150W + 150W + 150W + 150W = 600W. Contrary to the combination in series, when solar panels areconnected
FULLY AUTOMATIC BATTERY CHARGER WITH SHORT CIRCUIT AND A fully protected charger should comprise: Function during a short circuit. Undamaged by charging attempts or a reversely-connected battery. Function into a completely flat battery. Regulated for voltage and current. Able to float a fully charged battery for prolonged periods. Interestingly, the short circuit proof battery charger checks all boxes. CONSTANT CURRENT BATTERY CHARGER CIRCUITS The simple constant current charger circuit above shows how to use a LM317 adjustable voltage regulator as a constant current source. The voltage in the middle of the wiper port and the end terminal is actually 1.25 volts, therefore simply by joining the wiper terminal with the load and inserting a resistor (R) somewhere between the load and the end terminal, a constant current of 1.25/R can 12V 100AH BATTERY CHARGER CIRCUIT Charging current for lead acid batteries is usually from 10% to 25% of the volume. For instance: When you have 100Ah battery it is possible to charge it at 10A. For those who have 200Ah battery it is possible to charge at 20A, and so on. You can take advantage of this formula: Charging current = 1/10 x Ah. HOW TO CHARGE A LI-ION BATTERY CORRECTLY AND SAFELY The recommended charging rate of an Li-Ion Cell is between 0.5C and 1C; the full charge period is approximately TWO TO THREE hours. In "1C", "C" refers to the AH or the mAH value of the battery, meaning if the Li-ion cell is rated at 2600mAH then the "C" value becomes 2600, or 2.6 Amps, which implies that it can be charged at its full 1C, orat
HOW TO CALCULATE FILTER CAPACITOR FOR SMOOTHING RIPPLE C = I / (2 x f x Vpp) (considering f = 50Hz and load current condition as 2amp) = 2 / (2 x 50 x 1) = 2 / 100. = 0.02 Farads or 20,000uF (1Farad = 1000000 uF) Accordingly, the above formula exposes just how the demanded filter capacitor could possibly be estimated with regards to the load current and the smallest permissible ripple current in MAKING EASY CIRCUITS The high input impedance and high gain of the FET encourage ease and efficiency in multiple transistorized oscillator circuits. often, the FET can be utilised directly in transistor circuits and needs no unique circuit components. This convenience is vital, particularly in crystal-controlled, RC-tuned, and capacitance-feedback oscillators. HOW TO MAKE LOGIC INVERTER, BUFFER GATES USING BJTS Logic Inverter Stage using BJTs. The circuit as depicted in Figure below is a standard inverting amplifier that can be powered from most CMOS of TTL ICs. The truth table for this circuit is quite similar as what one would expect from a common integrated-circuit logic inverter. In short, high in, low out; low in, high out. SIMPLE OSCILLATOR CIRCUITS Simple Relaxation Oscillator using a Single BJT. The negative resistance area of a reverse-biased silicon transistor can be applied in a relaxation oscillator circuit. Its benefit is that an excess transistor is utilized instead of a UJT, which is generally more 12V 100AH BATTERY CHARGER CIRCUIT Charging current for lead acid batteries is usually from 10% to 25% of the volume. For instance: When you have 100Ah battery it is possible to charge it at 10A. For those who have 200Ah battery it is possible to charge at 20A, and so on. You can take advantage of this formula: Charging current = 1/10 x Ah. SNUBBER CIRCUITS FOR PROTECTING RELAY CONTACTS FROM ARCING CR type Snubber. This type applies to both DC and AC circuits. However, the load impedance has to be lower than the RC circuit impedance when utilizing the relay for supplying the AC voltage. The moment the contacts open, current will flow to the inductive load through the snubber. Let’ say the load if a motor or a Solenoid, therelease time
HIGH END BENCH POWER SUPPLY WITH VARIABLE VOLTAGE/CURRENT The setting up action for this High End Bench Power Supply with Variable Voltage/Current is dependent totally with the current limit feature. 1. With the device powered down, adjust the output voltage control, P1, to get zero volts, the current control pot, P2, for optimum current (maximum resistance), and Pt to zero resistance. 2.Attach a
DYNAMIC MIC PREAMPLIFIER CIRCUIT Dynamic MIC Preamplifier Circuit. In this post we discuss a powerful preamplifier circuit for microphones, which can be used for amplifying an electret MIC signal, using just a couple of BJTs. Microphone signals will often be too weak to get carried to units for example mixing consoles and recording devices with sufficient strength. SIMPLE 12V BATTERY CHARGER CIRCUITS WITH AUTO CUT-OFF The trimmer TR1 is tweaked to ensure that at the output of the battery charger there exists a voltage of about 14.4 volts without load. The absolute maximum distributable current is 3 Amperes, so DO NOT make an effort to recharge batteries with a capacity higher than 36Ah. SIMPLE 100 WATT AMPLIFIER CIRCUIT USING 2N3055 TRANSISTORS Simply by incorporating just four transistors in the quasi-complementary configuration this 2N3055 simple power amplifier circuit can deliver a good 100 watts of power over an attached 4 ohms loud speaker, and the entire design can be built at a really low cost (to be precise it would cost you only 1/2$ per transistor). HOW TO CALCULATE FERRITE TRANSFORMER FOR SMPS B (max) = Maximum flux density in Gauss. Should you be accustomed to applying Tesla or milliTesla (T or mT) for flux density, remember 1T = 104Gauss. B (max) actually is determined by the design and the transformer cores used. In our designs, we'll typically consider Bmax to stay within the range 1300G to 2000G. MAKING EASY CIRCUITS The high input impedance and high gain of the FET encourage ease and efficiency in multiple transistorized oscillator circuits. often, the FET can be utilised directly in transistor circuits and needs no unique circuit components. This convenience is vital, particularly in crystal-controlled, RC-tuned, and capacitance-feedback oscillators. 12 BEST OSCILLATOR CIRCUITS EXPLAINED A U.T.C. Type S-8 transformer evaluated in this circuit provided a frequency of 500 Hz with C x = 0.002 µF, and 1.1 kHz with no external capacitor. At 500 Hz, the open-circuit output voltage was 1 V rms and the current drain is 1 mA at 6 VDC. It is possible to commence comparable operation with some of the smaller, transistor-typetransformers.
SIMPLE SCR CIRCUITS
Simple SCR Circuits. In this post we will learn how to build a few SCR applications circuits such as battery charger, code oscillator, rain alarm, automatic night lamp etc. An SCR or a silicon controlled rectifier is a semiconductor device which conducts a relatively larger voltage and current across its anode cathode terminals in response toa
HIGH END BENCH POWER SUPPLY WITH VARIABLE VOLTAGE/CURRENTSEE MORE ONMAKINGCIRCUITS.COM
SIMPLE INTERCOM CIRCUIT TL783 HIGH-VOLTAGE ADJUSTABLE REGULATOR TL783 High-voltage Adjustable Regulator. The IC TL783 is a 3 terminal high voltage regulator that can be used for getting a continuously variable output between 1.25 V to 125 V DC. The device has an in-built DMOS MOSFET which enables the user to obtain a decent current at around 700 mA for the entire voltage range. The IC becomes very usefulin
HOW TO CONNECT SOLAR PANELS IN SERIES AND PARALLEL Solar devices are normally attached in parallel to achieve greater output current. For Photo voltaic components attached in parallel absolute power is determined as cited below: Connecting solar panels in parallel. Add up to combined power = 150W + 150W + 150W + 150W = 600W. Contrary to the combination in series, when solar panels areconnected
CONSTANT CURRENT BATTERY CHARGER CIRCUITS The simple constant current charger circuit above shows how to use a LM317 adjustable voltage regulator as a constant current source. The voltage in the middle of the wiper port and the end terminal is actually 1.25 volts, therefore simply by joining the wiper terminal with the load and inserting a resistor (R) somewhere between the load and the end terminal, a constant current of 1.25/R can 12V 100AH BATTERY CHARGER CIRCUIT Charging current for lead acid batteries is usually from 10% to 25% of the volume. For instance: When you have 100Ah battery it is possible to charge it at 10A. For those who have 200Ah battery it is possible to charge at 20A, and so on. You can take advantage of this formula: Charging current = 1/10 x Ah. SIMPLE 100 WATT AMPLIFIER CIRCUIT USING 2N3055 TRANSISTORS Simply by incorporating just four transistors in the quasi-complementary configuration this 2N3055 simple power amplifier circuit can deliver a good 100 watts of power over an attached 4 ohms loud speaker, and the entire design can be built at a really low cost (to be precise it would cost you only 1/2$ per transistor). MAKING EASY CIRCUITS The high input impedance and high gain of the FET encourage ease and efficiency in multiple transistorized oscillator circuits. often, the FET can be utilised directly in transistor circuits and needs no unique circuit components. This convenience is vital, particularly in crystal-controlled, RC-tuned, and capacitance-feedback oscillators. 12 BEST OSCILLATOR CIRCUITS EXPLAINED A U.T.C. Type S-8 transformer evaluated in this circuit provided a frequency of 500 Hz with C x = 0.002 µF, and 1.1 kHz with no external capacitor. At 500 Hz, the open-circuit output voltage was 1 V rms and the current drain is 1 mA at 6 VDC. It is possible to commence comparable operation with some of the smaller, transistor-typetransformers.
SIMPLE SCR CIRCUITS
Simple SCR Circuits. In this post we will learn how to build a few SCR applications circuits such as battery charger, code oscillator, rain alarm, automatic night lamp etc. An SCR or a silicon controlled rectifier is a semiconductor device which conducts a relatively larger voltage and current across its anode cathode terminals in response toa
HIGH END BENCH POWER SUPPLY WITH VARIABLE VOLTAGE/CURRENTSEE MORE ONMAKINGCIRCUITS.COM
SIMPLE INTERCOM CIRCUIT TL783 HIGH-VOLTAGE ADJUSTABLE REGULATOR TL783 High-voltage Adjustable Regulator. The IC TL783 is a 3 terminal high voltage regulator that can be used for getting a continuously variable output between 1.25 V to 125 V DC. The device has an in-built DMOS MOSFET which enables the user to obtain a decent current at around 700 mA for the entire voltage range. The IC becomes very usefulin
HOW TO CONNECT SOLAR PANELS IN SERIES AND PARALLEL Solar devices are normally attached in parallel to achieve greater output current. For Photo voltaic components attached in parallel absolute power is determined as cited below: Connecting solar panels in parallel. Add up to combined power = 150W + 150W + 150W + 150W = 600W. Contrary to the combination in series, when solar panels areconnected
CONSTANT CURRENT BATTERY CHARGER CIRCUITS The simple constant current charger circuit above shows how to use a LM317 adjustable voltage regulator as a constant current source. The voltage in the middle of the wiper port and the end terminal is actually 1.25 volts, therefore simply by joining the wiper terminal with the load and inserting a resistor (R) somewhere between the load and the end terminal, a constant current of 1.25/R can 12V 100AH BATTERY CHARGER CIRCUIT Charging current for lead acid batteries is usually from 10% to 25% of the volume. For instance: When you have 100Ah battery it is possible to charge it at 10A. For those who have 200Ah battery it is possible to charge at 20A, and so on. You can take advantage of this formula: Charging current = 1/10 x Ah. SIMPLE 100 WATT AMPLIFIER CIRCUIT USING 2N3055 TRANSISTORS Simply by incorporating just four transistors in the quasi-complementary configuration this 2N3055 simple power amplifier circuit can deliver a good 100 watts of power over an attached 4 ohms loud speaker, and the entire design can be built at a really low cost (to be precise it would cost you only 1/2$ per transistor). 7 BEST ANTENNA CIRCUITS A phantom power supply delivers dc towards the pre amp through the coaxial cable feeding the unit. HF Broadband Antenna Preamp Circuit. The HF/SW receiver preamplifier is consists of a broadband toroidal transformer (L1~a and L1-b), LC network (made up of a 1600-kHz, high-pass filter and a 32-MHZ, low-pass filter), L2 and L3 (26 turns of #26 enameled wire wound on an Amidon AssociatesSIMPLE SCR CIRCUITS
Simple SCR Circuits. In this post we will learn how to build a few SCR applications circuits such as battery charger, code oscillator, rain alarm, automatic night lamp etc. An SCR or a silicon controlled rectifier is a semiconductor device which conducts a relatively larger voltage and current across its anode cathode terminals in response toa
HOW TO MAKE LOGIC INVERTER, BUFFER GATES USING BJTS Logic Inverter Stage using BJTs. The circuit as depicted in Figure below is a standard inverting amplifier that can be powered from most CMOS of TTL ICs. The truth table for this circuit is quite similar as what one would expect from a common integrated-circuit logic inverter. In short, high in, low out; low in, high out. SIMPLE PULSE GENERATOR CIRCUIT Simple Pulse Generator Circuit. Last Updated on April 24, 2020 by admin Leave a Comment. You can build this simple PWM controlled pulse generator circuit with the help of a single inverter gate, which may be in the form of a single gate from the IC 4093 with its input pins shorted together, or simply a NOT gate. TYPES OF MICROCONTROLLER BOARDS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS The Technical specs of Microcontroller Boards are bus type, processor type, memory, number of ports, port type, and operating system. These are generally accustomed to examine programs for embedded equipment for example various controllers, home appliances, robots, point-of-sale (PoS) terminals, kiosks and also the precise product information devices. HOW TO CALCULATE FERRITE TRANSFORMER FOR SMPS B (max) = Maximum flux density in Gauss. Should you be accustomed to applying Tesla or milliTesla (T or mT) for flux density, remember 1T = 104Gauss. B (max) actually is determined by the design and the transformer cores used. In our designs, we'll typically consider Bmax to stay within the range 1300G to 2000G. HOW TO MAKE AN OPAMP WITH TRANSISTORS (BJTS) The negative peak of the output signal takes place whenever transistor Q3 is totally switched off, so the output voltage is only the consequence of a voltage divider 40 ohms and R4. In case the peak current is 32 mA, then the peak output voltage is going to be E=IR = .032*40 = 1.28 volts. Considering that the negative supply voltage is3 and
TEMPERATURE METER USING DIGITAL MULTIMETER Temperature Meter Using Digital Multimeter. Using this handy circuit, we are able to transform an ordinary transistor and a multimeter (in the VDC scale) perfectly into a digital temperature meter having a range of -30 ° C to 150 ° C. The sensor is structured on a transistor hooked up in a way as to supply the base-emitter junctionvoltage, a
HOW TO INCREASE POWER RATING OF ZENER DIODES Listed here is a circuit which using a power transistor can easily increase the power rating of any Zener diode. By just shunting the transistor's base collector junction with a low power Zener and when the gain of the transistor in the functioning current surpasses 30, then along the collector emitter leads the BJT may work as a Zenerdiode.
HOW TO CHARGE A LI-ION BATTERY CORRECTLY AND SAFELY The recommended charging rate of an Li-Ion Cell is between 0.5C and 1C; the full charge period is approximately TWO TO THREE hours. In "1C", "C" refers to the AH or the mAH value of the battery, meaning if the Li-ion cell is rated at 2600mAH then the "C" value becomes 2600, or 2.6 Amps, which implies that it can be charged at its full 1C, orat
7 BEST ANTENNA CIRCUITS Loop Antenna Preamplifier Circuit. This preamplifier features a internal regeneration control boost gain selectivity. C1 is a solitary or multi gang AM broadcast band tuning capacitor. L1 is a ferrite loop antenna, tapped at approximately 15 to 25% of overall turns. This circuit can prove great for low frequency (up to 3 MHZ) reception, in NOISE GENERATOR CIRCUIT The main component of the circuit is IC1, a relaxation oscillator used. It is provided with positive feedback through P1-R2 and negative feedback by P3-P2-R3-C1. D1, a Zener diode, is the source of the noise. P3 acts as the coarse modulator and P2 as the fine one in the amplification of the noise. P1 is used to set the noise bandwidth,with
HOW ACTUAL MPPT WORKS How Actual MPPT works. Here we make sure to recognize the real circuit idea of MPPt kind of solar charger controllers and find out how do these products function. MPPT means Maximum Power Point Tracking, a charger idea in particular meant and created for getting extremely economical solar power utilizing. Solar panels are excellent devices VERY LOW FREQUENCY (VLF) CONVERTER CIRCUIT Very Low Frequency (VLF) Converter Circuit. The circuit explained below can be used for detecting and converting the very low radio frequencies or VLF in the atmosphere to audible sound. A huge number of general-coverage shortwave receivers start with the AM-broadcast band and rise in frequency to around 10 meters, or 30 MHz. SIMPLE INTERCOM CIRCUIT SWITCH ON/OFF ANY APPLIANCE REMOTELY USING MAINS WIRING Then, IC 1 is supplied the voltage from the mains through rectifier circuits that comprise D 1, D 2, Zener diodes D 3 and D 4, and a filtering capacitor C 4.We recommend to set up the circuit with +20V supply concerning the mains network-neutral (0V) line. The opamp generates the 36 kHz signal and it is channeled to the mains using a coupling capacitor, C 3. HOW TO CONNECT SOLAR PANELS IN SERIES AND PARALLEL Solar devices are normally attached in parallel to achieve greater output current. For Photo voltaic components attached in parallel absolute power is determined as cited below: Connecting solar panels in parallel. Add up to combined power = 150W + 150W + 150W + 150W = 600W. Contrary to the combination in series, when solar panels areconnected
MAGNETIC PROXIMITY SWITCH CIRCUIT The Magnetic Proximity Switch Circuit is based on a magnetic reed switch (S1) as being the proximity sensor. A monostable multivibrator calculated on NE555 (IC1) and a toggle flip flop in line with CD4013 (IC2) performs the remaining of the circuit. Any time a magnet is reached in neighborhood of S1 it slides to provide a negative promptat pin
HOW TO INCREASE POWER RATING OF ZENER DIODES Listed here is a circuit which using a power transistor can easily increase the power rating of any Zener diode. By just shunting the transistor's base collector junction with a low power Zener and when the gain of the transistor in the functioning current surpasses 30, then along the collector emitter leads the BJT may work as a Zenerdiode
HIGH CURRENT 78XX REGULATOR CIRCUIT The 78xx Integrated Circuit allows a range of voltages that are 5 V, 6 V, 8 V, 9V, 12V and up to 24 V. If you choose the required regulator in the series, the circuit can be adapted for any voltage. The only required rule here is that the transformer output voltage is supposed to be 4 V greater than the stabilized output voltage. 7 BEST ANTENNA CIRCUITS Loop Antenna Preamplifier Circuit. This preamplifier features a internal regeneration control boost gain selectivity. C1 is a solitary or multi gang AM broadcast band tuning capacitor. L1 is a ferrite loop antenna, tapped at approximately 15 to 25% of overall turns. This circuit can prove great for low frequency (up to 3 MHZ) reception, in NOISE GENERATOR CIRCUIT The main component of the circuit is IC1, a relaxation oscillator used. It is provided with positive feedback through P1-R2 and negative feedback by P3-P2-R3-C1. D1, a Zener diode, is the source of the noise. P3 acts as the coarse modulator and P2 as the fine one in the amplification of the noise. P1 is used to set the noise bandwidth,with
HOW ACTUAL MPPT WORKS How Actual MPPT works. Here we make sure to recognize the real circuit idea of MPPt kind of solar charger controllers and find out how do these products function. MPPT means Maximum Power Point Tracking, a charger idea in particular meant and created for getting extremely economical solar power utilizing. Solar panels are excellent devices VERY LOW FREQUENCY (VLF) CONVERTER CIRCUIT Very Low Frequency (VLF) Converter Circuit. The circuit explained below can be used for detecting and converting the very low radio frequencies or VLF in the atmosphere to audible sound. A huge number of general-coverage shortwave receivers start with the AM-broadcast band and rise in frequency to around 10 meters, or 30 MHz. SIMPLE INTERCOM CIRCUIT SWITCH ON/OFF ANY APPLIANCE REMOTELY USING MAINS WIRING Then, IC 1 is supplied the voltage from the mains through rectifier circuits that comprise D 1, D 2, Zener diodes D 3 and D 4, and a filtering capacitor C 4.We recommend to set up the circuit with +20V supply concerning the mains network-neutral (0V) line. The opamp generates the 36 kHz signal and it is channeled to the mains using a coupling capacitor, C 3. HOW TO CONNECT SOLAR PANELS IN SERIES AND PARALLEL Solar devices are normally attached in parallel to achieve greater output current. For Photo voltaic components attached in parallel absolute power is determined as cited below: Connecting solar panels in parallel. Add up to combined power = 150W + 150W + 150W + 150W = 600W. Contrary to the combination in series, when solar panels areconnected
MAGNETIC PROXIMITY SWITCH CIRCUIT The Magnetic Proximity Switch Circuit is based on a magnetic reed switch (S1) as being the proximity sensor. A monostable multivibrator calculated on NE555 (IC1) and a toggle flip flop in line with CD4013 (IC2) performs the remaining of the circuit. Any time a magnet is reached in neighborhood of S1 it slides to provide a negative promptat pin
HOW TO INCREASE POWER RATING OF ZENER DIODES Listed here is a circuit which using a power transistor can easily increase the power rating of any Zener diode. By just shunting the transistor's base collector junction with a low power Zener and when the gain of the transistor in the functioning current surpasses 30, then along the collector emitter leads the BJT may work as a Zenerdiode
HIGH CURRENT 78XX REGULATOR CIRCUIT The 78xx Integrated Circuit allows a range of voltages that are 5 V, 6 V, 8 V, 9V, 12V and up to 24 V. If you choose the required regulator in the series, the circuit can be adapted for any voltage. The only required rule here is that the transformer output voltage is supposed to be 4 V greater than the stabilized output voltage. MAKING EASY CIRCUITS The high input impedance and high gain of the FET encourage ease and efficiency in multiple transistorized oscillator circuits. often, the FET can be utilised directly in transistor circuits and needs no unique circuit components. This convenience is vital, particularly in crystal-controlled, RC-tuned, and capacitance-feedback oscillators. SIMPLE INTERCOM CIRCUIT Simple Intercom Circuit. The most straightforward form of intercom circuit would be to use a microphone feeding an amplifier which in turns feeds a speaker at the other end. When the remote end wished to contact the first station they would speak into a microphone which would drive a second amplifier at the remote end and this would be fed FULLY AUTOMATIC BATTERY CHARGER WITH SHORT CIRCUIT AND A fully protected charger should comprise: Function during a short circuit. Undamaged by charging attempts or a reversely-connected battery. Function into a completely flat battery. Regulated for voltage and current. Able to float a fully charged battery for prolonged periods. Interestingly, the short circuit proof battery charger checks all boxes. SWITCH ON/OFF ANY APPLIANCE REMOTELY USING MAINS WIRING Then, IC 1 is supplied the voltage from the mains through rectifier circuits that comprise D 1, D 2, Zener diodes D 3 and D 4, and a filtering capacitor C 4.We recommend to set up the circuit with +20V supply concerning the mains network-neutral (0V) line. The opamp generates the 36 kHz signal and it is channeled to the mains using a coupling capacitor, C 3. HIGH CURRENT 78XX REGULATOR CIRCUIT The 78xx Integrated Circuit allows a range of voltages that are 5 V, 6 V, 8 V, 9V, 12V and up to 24 V. If you choose the required regulator in the series, the circuit can be adapted for any voltage. The only required rule here is that the transformer output voltage is supposed to be 4 V greater than the stabilized output voltage. AMBIENT LIGHT CONTROLLED LED CIRCUIT Ambient Light Controlled LED Circuit. The following publish describes a basic ambient light dependent LED illumination controller circuit. The light fades or strengthens correspondingly i result of the ambient light circumstances. With brighter daylights, the LEd illumination gets less harsh and vice versa. The demonstrated light reliant led 12V 100AH BATTERY CHARGER CIRCUIT Charging current for lead acid batteries is usually from 10% to 25% of the volume. For instance: When you have 100Ah battery it is possible to charge it at 10A. For those who have 200Ah battery it is possible to charge at 20A, and so on. You can take advantage of this formula: Charging current = 1/10 x Ah. TL783 HIGH-VOLTAGE ADJUSTABLE REGULATOR TL783 High-voltage Adjustable Regulator. The IC TL783 is a 3 terminal high voltage regulator that can be used for getting a continuously variable output between 1.25 V to 125 V DC. The device has an in-built DMOS MOSFET which enables the user to obtain a decent current at around 700 mA for the entire voltage range. The IC becomes very usefulin
GSM BASED IRRIGATION CIRCUIT USING CELLPHONE MISSED CALLS The article explains how to make an Arduino based GSM irrigation circuit in which any farmer can switch ON or switch OFF his farm field water pump simply by giving missed calls to the GSM modem attached with his field water pump, from any part HOW TO CHARGE A LI-ION BATTERY CORRECTLY AND SAFELY The recommended charging rate of an Li-Ion Cell is between 0.5C and 1C; the full charge period is approximately TWO TO THREE hours. In "1C", "C" refers to the AH or the mAH value of the battery, meaning if the Li-ion cell is rated at 2600mAH then the "C" value becomes 2600, or 2.6 Amps, which implies that it can be charged at its full 1C, orat
7 BEST ANTENNA CIRCUITS Loop Antenna Preamplifier Circuit. This preamplifier features a internal regeneration control boost gain selectivity. C1 is a solitary or multi gang AM broadcast band tuning capacitor. L1 is a ferrite loop antenna, tapped at approximately 15 to 25% of overall turns. This circuit can prove great for low frequency (up to 3 MHZ) reception, in NOISE GENERATOR CIRCUIT The main component of the circuit is IC1, a relaxation oscillator used. It is provided with positive feedback through P1-R2 and negative feedback by P3-P2-R3-C1. D1, a Zener diode, is the source of the noise. P3 acts as the coarse modulator and P2 as the fine one in the amplification of the noise. P1 is used to set the noise bandwidth,with
HOW ACTUAL MPPT WORKS How Actual MPPT works. Here we make sure to recognize the real circuit idea of MPPt kind of solar charger controllers and find out how do these products function. MPPT means Maximum Power Point Tracking, a charger idea in particular meant and created for getting extremely economical solar power utilizing. Solar panels are excellent devices VERY LOW FREQUENCY (VLF) CONVERTER CIRCUIT Very Low Frequency (VLF) Converter Circuit. The circuit explained below can be used for detecting and converting the very low radio frequencies or VLF in the atmosphere to audible sound. A huge number of general-coverage shortwave receivers start with the AM-broadcast band and rise in frequency to around 10 meters, or 30 MHz. SIMPLE INTERCOM CIRCUIT SWITCH ON/OFF ANY APPLIANCE REMOTELY USING MAINS WIRING Then, IC 1 is supplied the voltage from the mains through rectifier circuits that comprise D 1, D 2, Zener diodes D 3 and D 4, and a filtering capacitor C 4.We recommend to set up the circuit with +20V supply concerning the mains network-neutral (0V) line. The opamp generates the 36 kHz signal and it is channeled to the mains using a coupling capacitor, C 3. HOW TO CONNECT SOLAR PANELS IN SERIES AND PARALLEL Solar devices are normally attached in parallel to achieve greater output current. For Photo voltaic components attached in parallel absolute power is determined as cited below: Connecting solar panels in parallel. Add up to combined power = 150W + 150W + 150W + 150W = 600W. Contrary to the combination in series, when solar panels areconnected
MAGNETIC PROXIMITY SWITCH CIRCUIT The Magnetic Proximity Switch Circuit is based on a magnetic reed switch (S1) as being the proximity sensor. A monostable multivibrator calculated on NE555 (IC1) and a toggle flip flop in line with CD4013 (IC2) performs the remaining of the circuit. Any time a magnet is reached in neighborhood of S1 it slides to provide a negative promptat pin
HOW TO INCREASE POWER RATING OF ZENER DIODES Listed here is a circuit which using a power transistor can easily increase the power rating of any Zener diode. By just shunting the transistor's base collector junction with a low power Zener and when the gain of the transistor in the functioning current surpasses 30, then along the collector emitter leads the BJT may work as a Zenerdiode
HIGH CURRENT 78XX REGULATOR CIRCUIT The 78xx Integrated Circuit allows a range of voltages that are 5 V, 6 V, 8 V, 9V, 12V and up to 24 V. If you choose the required regulator in the series, the circuit can be adapted for any voltage. The only required rule here is that the transformer output voltage is supposed to be 4 V greater than the stabilized output voltage. 7 BEST ANTENNA CIRCUITS Loop Antenna Preamplifier Circuit. This preamplifier features a internal regeneration control boost gain selectivity. C1 is a solitary or multi gang AM broadcast band tuning capacitor. L1 is a ferrite loop antenna, tapped at approximately 15 to 25% of overall turns. This circuit can prove great for low frequency (up to 3 MHZ) reception, in NOISE GENERATOR CIRCUIT The main component of the circuit is IC1, a relaxation oscillator used. It is provided with positive feedback through P1-R2 and negative feedback by P3-P2-R3-C1. D1, a Zener diode, is the source of the noise. P3 acts as the coarse modulator and P2 as the fine one in the amplification of the noise. P1 is used to set the noise bandwidth,with
HOW ACTUAL MPPT WORKS How Actual MPPT works. Here we make sure to recognize the real circuit idea of MPPt kind of solar charger controllers and find out how do these products function. MPPT means Maximum Power Point Tracking, a charger idea in particular meant and created for getting extremely economical solar power utilizing. Solar panels are excellent devices VERY LOW FREQUENCY (VLF) CONVERTER CIRCUIT Very Low Frequency (VLF) Converter Circuit. The circuit explained below can be used for detecting and converting the very low radio frequencies or VLF in the atmosphere to audible sound. A huge number of general-coverage shortwave receivers start with the AM-broadcast band and rise in frequency to around 10 meters, or 30 MHz. SIMPLE INTERCOM CIRCUIT SWITCH ON/OFF ANY APPLIANCE REMOTELY USING MAINS WIRING Then, IC 1 is supplied the voltage from the mains through rectifier circuits that comprise D 1, D 2, Zener diodes D 3 and D 4, and a filtering capacitor C 4.We recommend to set up the circuit with +20V supply concerning the mains network-neutral (0V) line. The opamp generates the 36 kHz signal and it is channeled to the mains using a coupling capacitor, C 3. HOW TO CONNECT SOLAR PANELS IN SERIES AND PARALLEL Solar devices are normally attached in parallel to achieve greater output current. For Photo voltaic components attached in parallel absolute power is determined as cited below: Connecting solar panels in parallel. Add up to combined power = 150W + 150W + 150W + 150W = 600W. Contrary to the combination in series, when solar panels areconnected
MAGNETIC PROXIMITY SWITCH CIRCUIT The Magnetic Proximity Switch Circuit is based on a magnetic reed switch (S1) as being the proximity sensor. A monostable multivibrator calculated on NE555 (IC1) and a toggle flip flop in line with CD4013 (IC2) performs the remaining of the circuit. Any time a magnet is reached in neighborhood of S1 it slides to provide a negative promptat pin
HOW TO INCREASE POWER RATING OF ZENER DIODES Listed here is a circuit which using a power transistor can easily increase the power rating of any Zener diode. By just shunting the transistor's base collector junction with a low power Zener and when the gain of the transistor in the functioning current surpasses 30, then along the collector emitter leads the BJT may work as a Zenerdiode
HIGH CURRENT 78XX REGULATOR CIRCUIT The 78xx Integrated Circuit allows a range of voltages that are 5 V, 6 V, 8 V, 9V, 12V and up to 24 V. If you choose the required regulator in the series, the circuit can be adapted for any voltage. The only required rule here is that the transformer output voltage is supposed to be 4 V greater than the stabilized output voltage. MAKING EASY CIRCUITS The high input impedance and high gain of the FET encourage ease and efficiency in multiple transistorized oscillator circuits. often, the FET can be utilised directly in transistor circuits and needs no unique circuit components. This convenience is vital, particularly in crystal-controlled, RC-tuned, and capacitance-feedback oscillators. SIMPLE INTERCOM CIRCUIT Simple Intercom Circuit. The most straightforward form of intercom circuit would be to use a microphone feeding an amplifier which in turns feeds a speaker at the other end. When the remote end wished to contact the first station they would speak into a microphone which would drive a second amplifier at the remote end and this would be fed FULLY AUTOMATIC BATTERY CHARGER WITH SHORT CIRCUIT AND A fully protected charger should comprise: Function during a short circuit. Undamaged by charging attempts or a reversely-connected battery. Function into a completely flat battery. Regulated for voltage and current. Able to float a fully charged battery for prolonged periods. Interestingly, the short circuit proof battery charger checks all boxes. SWITCH ON/OFF ANY APPLIANCE REMOTELY USING MAINS WIRING Then, IC 1 is supplied the voltage from the mains through rectifier circuits that comprise D 1, D 2, Zener diodes D 3 and D 4, and a filtering capacitor C 4.We recommend to set up the circuit with +20V supply concerning the mains network-neutral (0V) line. The opamp generates the 36 kHz signal and it is channeled to the mains using a coupling capacitor, C 3. HIGH CURRENT 78XX REGULATOR CIRCUIT The 78xx Integrated Circuit allows a range of voltages that are 5 V, 6 V, 8 V, 9V, 12V and up to 24 V. If you choose the required regulator in the series, the circuit can be adapted for any voltage. The only required rule here is that the transformer output voltage is supposed to be 4 V greater than the stabilized output voltage. AMBIENT LIGHT CONTROLLED LED CIRCUIT Ambient Light Controlled LED Circuit. The following publish describes a basic ambient light dependent LED illumination controller circuit. The light fades or strengthens correspondingly i result of the ambient light circumstances. With brighter daylights, the LEd illumination gets less harsh and vice versa. The demonstrated light reliant led 12V 100AH BATTERY CHARGER CIRCUIT Charging current for lead acid batteries is usually from 10% to 25% of the volume. For instance: When you have 100Ah battery it is possible to charge it at 10A. For those who have 200Ah battery it is possible to charge at 20A, and so on. You can take advantage of this formula: Charging current = 1/10 x Ah. TL783 HIGH-VOLTAGE ADJUSTABLE REGULATOR TL783 High-voltage Adjustable Regulator. The IC TL783 is a 3 terminal high voltage regulator that can be used for getting a continuously variable output between 1.25 V to 125 V DC. The device has an in-built DMOS MOSFET which enables the user to obtain a decent current at around 700 mA for the entire voltage range. The IC becomes very usefulin
GSM BASED IRRIGATION CIRCUIT USING CELLPHONE MISSED CALLS The article explains how to make an Arduino based GSM irrigation circuit in which any farmer can switch ON or switch OFF his farm field water pump simply by giving missed calls to the GSM modem attached with his field water pump, from any part HOW TO CHARGE A LI-ION BATTERY CORRECTLY AND SAFELY The recommended charging rate of an Li-Ion Cell is between 0.5C and 1C; the full charge period is approximately TWO TO THREE hours. In "1C", "C" refers to the AH or the mAH value of the battery, meaning if the Li-ion cell is rated at 2600mAH then the "C" value becomes 2600, or 2.6 Amps, which implies that it can be charged at its full 1C, orat
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250 WATT INVERTER CIRCUIT Last Updated on October 9, 2019 by adminLeave a Comment
This economical power inverter was created to produce as much as 250 watts for powering all line controlled devices with a small percentage of the commercially constructed products. The inverter explained in this article has been accustomed to power flood lights, soldering irons (both resistance and inductor models), fans, tvs, and personal computers. It has Read More Filed Under: Inverter POWERFUL TRANSCEIVER CIRCUIT USING IC MC2833/MC3363 Last Updated on September 23, 2019 by adminLeave a Comment
If you ever be in a mood to build a strong yet simple mobile transceiver and, simultaneously wish to understand surface mount technology (SMT), this is actually the project for a person like you! The E-Comm frequency modulated (FM) transceiver is encased within a robust yet eye-catching metal box smaller than 6 inches in length.Read More
Filed Under: Transmitters SIMPLE 250 WATT AMPLIFIER CIRCUIT Last Updated on August 6, 2019 by adminLeave a Comment
This 250 watt power amplifier circuit to deliver 250 watts of massive music power into a 4 ohm speaker with utmost clarity. Use complementary transistors to achieve the desired power. It is powered by a 45V + 45V source and consumes 5 amps. All transistors, except BC556C must be mounted on the heatsink, which must be one Read More Filed Under: Amplifier WALKIE TALKIE CIRCUIT – LONG RANGE Last Updated on July 26, 2019 by adminLeave a Comment
In this article we learn how to build a professional high end walkie talkie circuit which are normally used in commercially available units. The range of the circuit presented here is around 200 meters, which is quite a long range considering the simplicity of the design What is a Walkie Talkie As we all know Read More Filed Under: Transmitters 12V 100AH BATTERY CHARGER CIRCUIT Last Updated on July 26, 2019 by adminLeave a Comment
In this article we will build an easy 12V 100Ah lead acid battery charger circuit which will give you 10A of current. The article discusses 3 unique charger circuits; you might develop the one that fits your condition. How to Charge High Current Lead Acid Batteries It is crucial to understand exactly how charging of Read More Filed Under: Battery Chargers BASIC ELECTRICAL DEFINITIONS, CONCEPTS, FORMULAS AND EQUATIONS Last Updated on May 16, 2019 by admin2 Comments
In this exhaustive article you will learn all the basics of electrical technology, which will include definitions of various electrical parameters, descriptions of electrical concepts, and evaluations of formulas and electrical equations. Drift Velocity, Drift Current and Electron Mobility The definition of drift velocity may be fully understood by visualizing the haphazard motions of free Read More Filed Under: Electrical, Tutorials
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