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2021 TABLES
The Nature Index tracks the affiliations of high-quality scientific articles. Updated monthly, the Nature Index presents research outputs by institution and country. Use the Nature Index to interrogate publication patterns and to benchmark research performance. NATURE INDEX ANNUAL TABLES 2021: COUNTRY COMPARISONS IN A The first year of the COVID-19 pandemic brought an end to China’s run of high growth in output in the Nature Index. By contrast, most other leading locations slowed or reversed declines of the previous four years, the Nature Index Annual Tables 2021 show.. The Nature Index tracks locations and institutions producing high-quality natural-sciences research by measuring their publication 2021 TABLES: COUNTRIES/TERRITORIES The 2021 tables are based on Nature Index data from 1 January 2020 to31 December 2020.
2020 TABLES
Top 100 rising institutions. The table shows the top 100 rising institutions, ranked by change in adjusted Share* from 2015 to 2019. Also listed are the institution's Share and Count in 2019, percentage change in adjusted Share from 2015 to 2019, and global rank in the2020 annual tables.
NATURE INDEX 2020 SCIENCE CITIES Top 200 science cities. The table shows the top 200 science cities and metropolitan areas ranked by article share (Share) in 2019. Also listed are each city’s article count (Count) in 2019, and its contribution to the region’s total Share of the year. NATURE INDEX 2021 ASIA PACIFIC The Nature Index tracks the affiliations of high-quality scientific articles. The infographic indicates patterns of international collaboration captured by the Nature Index. NATURE INDEX’S TOP 5 COUNTRIES: RANKED IN CHEMISTRYSEE MORE ONNATUREINDEX.COM
‘BRONZE’ OPEN ACCESS SUPERSEDES GREEN AND GOLD Piwowar and colleagues separately sampled 100,000 articles that users had attempted to access via the Unpaywall browser extension. The software, which she built along with co-author, Jason Priem, searches institutional repositories, preprint servers and journals for legal online versions of academic papers. TOP 10 INSTITUTIONS IN “BIG SCIENCE” PHYSICS AND ASTRONOMYSEE MOREON NATUREINDEX.COM
NATURE INDEX 2016 RISING STARS Nature Index 2016 Rising Stars. Rising stars. Nicky Phillips. Nature 535, S49 (28 July 2016). The new contenders. Larissa Kogleck. Nature 535, S50–S51 (28 July 2016)2021 TABLES
The Nature Index tracks the affiliations of high-quality scientific articles. Updated monthly, the Nature Index presents research outputs by institution and country. Use the Nature Index to interrogate publication patterns and to benchmark research performance. NATURE INDEX ANNUAL TABLES 2021: COUNTRY COMPARISONS IN A The first year of the COVID-19 pandemic brought an end to China’s run of high growth in output in the Nature Index. By contrast, most other leading locations slowed or reversed declines of the previous four years, the Nature Index Annual Tables 2021 show.. The Nature Index tracks locations and institutions producing high-quality natural-sciences research by measuring their publication 2021 TABLES: COUNTRIES/TERRITORIES The 2021 tables are based on Nature Index data from 1 January 2020 to31 December 2020.
2020 TABLES
Top 100 rising institutions. The table shows the top 100 rising institutions, ranked by change in adjusted Share* from 2015 to 2019. Also listed are the institution's Share and Count in 2019, percentage change in adjusted Share from 2015 to 2019, and global rank in the2020 annual tables.
NATURE INDEX 2020 SCIENCE CITIES Top 200 science cities. The table shows the top 200 science cities and metropolitan areas ranked by article share (Share) in 2019. Also listed are each city’s article count (Count) in 2019, and its contribution to the region’s total Share of the year. NATURE INDEX 2021 ASIA PACIFIC The Nature Index tracks the affiliations of high-quality scientific articles. The infographic indicates patterns of international collaboration captured by the Nature Index. NATURE INDEX’S TOP 5 COUNTRIES: RANKED IN CHEMISTRYSEE MORE ONNATUREINDEX.COM
‘BRONZE’ OPEN ACCESS SUPERSEDES GREEN AND GOLD Piwowar and colleagues separately sampled 100,000 articles that users had attempted to access via the Unpaywall browser extension. The software, which she built along with co-author, Jason Priem, searches institutional repositories, preprint servers and journals for legal online versions of academic papers. TOP 10 INSTITUTIONS IN “BIG SCIENCE” PHYSICS AND ASTRONOMYSEE MOREON NATUREINDEX.COM
NATURE INDEX 2016 RISING STARS Nature Index 2016 Rising Stars. Rising stars. Nicky Phillips. Nature 535, S49 (28 July 2016). The new contenders. Larissa Kogleck. Nature 535, S50–S51 (28 July 2016)2020 TABLES
2020 tables. The 2020 tables are based on Nature Index data from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2019. NATURE INDEX 2020 SCIENCE CITIES Top 200 science cities. The table shows the top 200 science cities and metropolitan areas ranked by article share (Share) in 2019. Also listed are each city’s article count (Count) in 2019, and its contribution to the region’s total Share of the year.JOURNAL SELECTION
The Nature Index tracks the affiliations of high-quality scientific articles. Updated monthly, the Nature Index presents research outputs by institution and country. Use the Nature Index to interrogate publication patterns and to benchmark research performance. TEN RISING STARS OF THE NATURE INDEX ANNUAL TABLES 2021 The rapid growth of several leading Chinese universities in high-quality natural-sciences research output has slowed, according to an analysis of rising stars for the Nature Index Annual Tables 2021.. Only two mainland China institutions make the top ten (see below), a marked difference from previous years. Institutions from seven other countries appear: Germany, the United States, Australia NATURE INDEX 2019 BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES Rank Institution Country / Region FC 2015-2018 AC 2015-2018 Biomedical sciences (%) 1: Harvard University: United States of America (USA) 2,312.65: 5,619: 71.9 %INSTITUTION OUTPUTS
Generate a table of institutions ordered by research outputs. Using the drop-down menus, choose the region or country of interest, filter by subject area or journal group, and select the sorting method – Count, Share or alphabetical. Once generated, the table can beresorted by
2021 TABLES: INSTITUTIONS The 2021 tables are based on Nature Index data from 1 January 2020 to31 December 2020.
‘BRONZE’ OPEN ACCESS SUPERSEDES GREEN AND GOLD Piwowar and colleagues separately sampled 100,000 articles that users had attempted to access via the Unpaywall browser extension. The software, which she built along with co-author, Jason Priem, searches institutional repositories, preprint servers and journals for legal online versions of academic papers. PROGRAM IN DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Region: Global Subject/journal group: All The table to the right includes counts of all research outputs for Program in Developmental Biology published between 1 March 2020 - 28 February 2021 which are tracked by the Nature Index. WIDESPREAD REWORKING OF HADEAN-TO-EOARCHEAN CONTINENTS The Nature Index tracks the affiliations of high-quality scientific articles. Updated monthly, the Nature Index presents research outputs by institution and country. Use the Nature Index to interrogate publication patterns and to benchmark research performance.2021 TABLES
The Nature Index tracks the affiliations of high-quality scientific articles. Updated monthly, the Nature Index presents research outputs by institution and country. Use the Nature Index to interrogate publication patterns and to benchmark research performance. NATURE INDEX ANNUAL TABLES 2021: COUNTRY COMPARISONS IN A The first year of the COVID-19 pandemic brought an end to China’s run of high growth in output in the Nature Index. By contrast, most other leading locations slowed or reversed declines of the previous four years, the Nature Index Annual Tables 2021 show.. The Nature Index tracks locations and institutions producing high-quality natural-sciences research by measuring their publication 2021 TABLES: COUNTRIES/TERRITORIES 50. Luxembourg. 21.34. 20.51. 63. -7.3%. Each year, the Nature Index publishes tables based on counts of high-quality research outputs in the previous calendar year. Users please note: The data behind the tables are based on a relatively small proportion of total research papers, they cover the natural sciences only and outputs are non2020 TABLES
Top 100 rising institutions. The table shows the top 100 rising institutions, ranked by change in adjusted Share* from 2015 to 2019. Also listed are the institution's Share and Count in 2019, percentage change in adjusted Share from 2015 to 2019, and global rank in the2020 annual tables.
NATURE INDEX 2020 SCIENCE CITIES Top 200 science cities. The table shows the top 200 science cities and metropolitan areas ranked by article share (Share) in 2019. Also listed are each city’s article count (Count) in 2019, and its contribution to the region’s total Share of the year. NATURE INDEX 2021 ASIA PACIFIC 34.0%. 100. Nanjing Agricultural University (NAU) China. 5.55. 15. 319. -34.0%. * Data from the latest full year available at time of publication, September 2019–August 2020. NATURE INDEX’S TOP 5 COUNTRIES: RANKED IN CHEMISTRYSEE MORE ONNATUREINDEX.COM
‘BRONZE’ OPEN ACCESS SUPERSEDES GREEN AND GOLD Bronze is not a sustainable source of open-access literature, says Thed van Leeuwen, a senior researcher at the Centre for Science and Technology Studies of Leiden University, who has surveyed the open-access literature. “The publisher could decide to change the contents supplied to readers, so new publications are made open, whileothers
TOP 10 INSTITUTIONS IN “BIG SCIENCE” PHYSICS AND ASTRONOMYSEE MORE ON NATUREINDEX.COMBEST PHYSICS MOVIESBEST PHYSICS PROGRAMSHOME PHYSICS LABMY PHYSICS LABPHYSICS REAL WORLD PHYSICSTHE BEST PHYSICS BOOKS NATURE INDEX 2016 RISING STARS Nature Index 2016 Rising Stars identifies the ascendant performers in the world of science, using the power of the Nature Index, which tracks the high-quality research of more than 8,000 global institutions. In this supplement we profile the universities, research institutions and countries that have significantly improved theiroutput, often
2021 TABLES
The Nature Index tracks the affiliations of high-quality scientific articles. Updated monthly, the Nature Index presents research outputs by institution and country. Use the Nature Index to interrogate publication patterns and to benchmark research performance. NATURE INDEX ANNUAL TABLES 2021: COUNTRY COMPARISONS IN A The first year of the COVID-19 pandemic brought an end to China’s run of high growth in output in the Nature Index. By contrast, most other leading locations slowed or reversed declines of the previous four years, the Nature Index Annual Tables 2021 show.. The Nature Index tracks locations and institutions producing high-quality natural-sciences research by measuring their publication 2021 TABLES: COUNTRIES/TERRITORIES 50. Luxembourg. 21.34. 20.51. 63. -7.3%. Each year, the Nature Index publishes tables based on counts of high-quality research outputs in the previous calendar year. Users please note: The data behind the tables are based on a relatively small proportion of total research papers, they cover the natural sciences only and outputs are non2020 TABLES
Top 100 rising institutions. The table shows the top 100 rising institutions, ranked by change in adjusted Share* from 2015 to 2019. Also listed are the institution's Share and Count in 2019, percentage change in adjusted Share from 2015 to 2019, and global rank in the2020 annual tables.
NATURE INDEX 2020 SCIENCE CITIES Top 200 science cities. The table shows the top 200 science cities and metropolitan areas ranked by article share (Share) in 2019. Also listed are each city’s article count (Count) in 2019, and its contribution to the region’s total Share of the year. NATURE INDEX 2021 ASIA PACIFIC 34.0%. 100. Nanjing Agricultural University (NAU) China. 5.55. 15. 319. -34.0%. * Data from the latest full year available at time of publication, September 2019–August 2020. NATURE INDEX’S TOP 5 COUNTRIES: RANKED IN CHEMISTRYSEE MORE ONNATUREINDEX.COM
‘BRONZE’ OPEN ACCESS SUPERSEDES GREEN AND GOLD Bronze is not a sustainable source of open-access literature, says Thed van Leeuwen, a senior researcher at the Centre for Science and Technology Studies of Leiden University, who has surveyed the open-access literature. “The publisher could decide to change the contents supplied to readers, so new publications are made open, whileothers
TOP 10 INSTITUTIONS IN “BIG SCIENCE” PHYSICS AND ASTRONOMYSEE MORE ON NATUREINDEX.COMBEST PHYSICS MOVIESBEST PHYSICS PROGRAMSHOME PHYSICS LABMY PHYSICS LABPHYSICS REAL WORLD PHYSICSTHE BEST PHYSICS BOOKS NATURE INDEX 2016 RISING STARS Nature Index 2016 Rising Stars identifies the ascendant performers in the world of science, using the power of the Nature Index, which tracks the high-quality research of more than 8,000 global institutions. In this supplement we profile the universities, research institutions and countries that have significantly improved theiroutput, often
2020 TABLES
The Nature Index tracks the affiliations of high-quality scientific articles. Updated monthly, the Nature Index presents research outputs by institution and country. Use the Nature Index to interrogate publication patterns and to benchmark research performance. NATURE INDEX 2020 SCIENCE CITIES Top 200 science cities. The table shows the top 200 science cities and metropolitan areas ranked by article share (Share) in 2019. Also listed are each city’s article count (Count) in 2019, and its contribution to the region’s total Share of the year.JOURNAL SELECTION
The Nature Index tracks the affiliations of high-quality scientific articles. Updated monthly, the Nature Index presents research outputs by institution and country. Use the Nature Index to interrogate publication patterns and to benchmark research performance. TEN RISING STARS OF THE NATURE INDEX ANNUAL TABLES 2021 The rapid growth of several leading Chinese universities in high-quality natural-sciences research output has slowed, according to an analysis of rising stars for the Nature Index Annual Tables 2021.. Only two mainland China institutions make the top ten (see below), a marked difference from previous years. Institutions from seven other countries appear: Germany, the United States, Australia NATURE INDEX 2019 BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES Rank Institution Country / Region FC 2015-2018 AC 2015-2018 Biomedical sciences (%) 1: Harvard University: United States of America (USA) 2,312.65: 5,619: 71.9 % IMMUNOLOGICAL MEMORY TO SARS-COV-2 ASSESSED FOR UP TO 8 The Nature Index tracks the affiliations of high-quality scientific articles. Updated monthly, the Nature Index presents research outputs by institution and country. Use the Nature Index to interrogate publication patterns and to benchmark research performance.INSTITUTION OUTPUTS
Generate a table of institutions ordered by research outputs. Using the drop-down menus, choose the region or country of interest, filter by subject area or journal group, and select the sorting method – Count, Share or alphabetical. Once generated, the table can beresorted by
2021 TABLES: INSTITUTIONS The 2021 tables are based on Nature Index data from 1 January 2020 to31 December 2020.
‘BRONZE’ OPEN ACCESS SUPERSEDES GREEN AND GOLD Bronze is not a sustainable source of open-access literature, says Thed van Leeuwen, a senior researcher at the Centre for Science and Technology Studies of Leiden University, who has surveyed the open-access literature. “The publisher could decide to change the contents supplied to readers, so new publications are made open, whileothers
PROGRAM IN DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Region: Global Subject/journal group: All The table to the right includes counts of all research outputs for Program in Developmental Biology published between 1 March 2020 - 28 February 2021 which are tracked by the Nature Index.2021 TABLES
The Nature Index tracks the affiliations of high-quality scientific articles. Updated monthly, the Nature Index presents research outputs by institution and country. Use the Nature Index to interrogate publication patterns and to benchmark research performance. NATURE INDEX ANNUAL TABLES 2021: COUNTRY COMPARISONS IN A The first year of the COVID-19 pandemic brought an end to China’s run of high growth in output in the Nature Index. By contrast, most other leading locations slowed or reversed declines of the previous four years, the Nature Index Annual Tables 2021 show.. The Nature Index tracks locations and institutions producing high-quality natural-sciences research by measuring their publication 2021 TABLES: COUNTRIES/TERRITORIES 50. Luxembourg. 21.34. 20.51. 63. -7.3%. Each year, the Nature Index publishes tables based on counts of high-quality research outputs in the previous calendar year. Users please note: The data behind the tables are based on a relatively small proportion of total research papers, they cover the natural sciences only and outputs are non2020 TABLES
Top 100 rising institutions. The table shows the top 100 rising institutions, ranked by change in adjusted Share* from 2015 to 2019. Also listed are the institution's Share and Count in 2019, percentage change in adjusted Share from 2015 to 2019, and global rank in the2020 annual tables.
NATURE INDEX 2021 ASIA PACIFIC 34.0%. 100. Nanjing Agricultural University (NAU) China. 5.55. 15. 319. -34.0%. * Data from the latest full year available at time of publication, September 2019–August 2020. NATURE INDEX’S TOP 5 COUNTRIES: RANKED IN CHEMISTRYSEE MORE ONNATUREINDEX.COM
‘BRONZE’ OPEN ACCESS SUPERSEDES GREEN AND GOLD Bronze is not a sustainable source of open-access literature, says Thed van Leeuwen, a senior researcher at the Centre for Science and Technology Studies of Leiden University, who has surveyed the open-access literature. “The publisher could decide to change the contents supplied to readers, so new publications are made open, whileothers
TOP 200 INSTITUTIONS BY LENS SCORE Top 200 institutions by Lens score. Table presents data on research quality and broad influence on inventions. Institutions are ranked by normalized Lens influence metric, an indicator of an institution’s influence on patents. GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL CENTER FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND Parent institution: Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC) Region: Global Subject/journal group: All The table to the right includes counts of all research outputs for Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC published between 1 February 2020 - 31 January 2021 which are tracked by the NatureIndex.
THAILAND OFFICE OF HIGHER EDUCATION COMMISSION (OHEC), MOE Research outputs, collaborations and relationships for Thailand Office of Higher Education Commission (OHEC), MOE published between 1 February 2020 - 31 January 2021 as tracked by the Nature Index.2021 TABLES
The Nature Index tracks the affiliations of high-quality scientific articles. Updated monthly, the Nature Index presents research outputs by institution and country. Use the Nature Index to interrogate publication patterns and to benchmark research performance. NATURE INDEX ANNUAL TABLES 2021: COUNTRY COMPARISONS IN A The first year of the COVID-19 pandemic brought an end to China’s run of high growth in output in the Nature Index. By contrast, most other leading locations slowed or reversed declines of the previous four years, the Nature Index Annual Tables 2021 show.. The Nature Index tracks locations and institutions producing high-quality natural-sciences research by measuring their publication 2021 TABLES: COUNTRIES/TERRITORIES 50. Luxembourg. 21.34. 20.51. 63. -7.3%. Each year, the Nature Index publishes tables based on counts of high-quality research outputs in the previous calendar year. Users please note: The data behind the tables are based on a relatively small proportion of total research papers, they cover the natural sciences only and outputs are non2020 TABLES
Top 100 rising institutions. The table shows the top 100 rising institutions, ranked by change in adjusted Share* from 2015 to 2019. Also listed are the institution's Share and Count in 2019, percentage change in adjusted Share from 2015 to 2019, and global rank in the2020 annual tables.
NATURE INDEX 2021 ASIA PACIFIC 34.0%. 100. Nanjing Agricultural University (NAU) China. 5.55. 15. 319. -34.0%. * Data from the latest full year available at time of publication, September 2019–August 2020. NATURE INDEX’S TOP 5 COUNTRIES: RANKED IN CHEMISTRYSEE MORE ONNATUREINDEX.COM
‘BRONZE’ OPEN ACCESS SUPERSEDES GREEN AND GOLD Bronze is not a sustainable source of open-access literature, says Thed van Leeuwen, a senior researcher at the Centre for Science and Technology Studies of Leiden University, who has surveyed the open-access literature. “The publisher could decide to change the contents supplied to readers, so new publications are made open, whileothers
TOP 200 INSTITUTIONS BY LENS SCORE Top 200 institutions by Lens score. Table presents data on research quality and broad influence on inventions. Institutions are ranked by normalized Lens influence metric, an indicator of an institution’s influence on patents. GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL CENTER FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND Parent institution: Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC) Region: Global Subject/journal group: All The table to the right includes counts of all research outputs for Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC published between 1 February 2020 - 31 January 2021 which are tracked by the NatureIndex.
THAILAND OFFICE OF HIGHER EDUCATION COMMISSION (OHEC), MOE Research outputs, collaborations and relationships for Thailand Office of Higher Education Commission (OHEC), MOE published between 1 February 2020 - 31 January 2021 as tracked by the Nature Index.2020 TABLES
2020 tables. The 2020 tables are based on Nature Index data from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2019. 2020 TABLES: INSTITUTIONS The 2020 tables are based on Nature Index data from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2019. Each year, the Nature Index publishes tables based on counts of high-quality research outputs in the previous calendar year. Users please note:JOURNAL SELECTION
The Nature Index tracks the affiliations of high-quality scientific articles. Updated monthly, the Nature Index presents research outputs by institution and country. Use the Nature Index to interrogate publication patterns and to benchmark research performance. NEUTRALIZATION OF SARS-COV-2 SPIKE 69/70 DELETION, E484K The Nature Index tracks the affiliations of high-quality scientific articles. Updated monthly, the Nature Index presents research outputs by institution and country. Use the Nature Index to interrogate publication patterns and to benchmark research performance. IMMUNOLOGICAL MEMORY TO SARS-COV-2 ASSESSED FOR UP TO 8 The Nature Index tracks the affiliations of high-quality scientific articles. Updated monthly, the Nature Index presents research outputs by institution and country. Use the Nature Index to interrogate publication patterns and to benchmark research performance. 2021 TABLES: INSTITUTIONS The 2021 tables are based on Nature Index data from 1 January 2020 to31 December 2020.
‘BRONZE’ OPEN ACCESS SUPERSEDES GREEN AND GOLD Bronze is not a sustainable source of open-access literature, says Thed van Leeuwen, a senior researcher at the Centre for Science and Technology Studies of Leiden University, who has surveyed the open-access literature. “The publisher could decide to change the contents supplied to readers, so new publications are made open, whileothers
INSTITUTION OUTPUTS
Generate a table of institutions ordered by research outputs. Using the drop-down menus, choose the region or country of interest, filter by subject area or journal group, and select the sorting method – Count, Share or alphabetical. Once generated, the table can beresorted by
BASLEARN, GERMANY
Research outputs, collaborations and relationships for BASLEARN published between 1 March 2020 - 28 February 2021 as tracked by theNature Index.
PROGRAM IN DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Region: Global Subject/journal group: All The table to the right includes counts of all research outputs for Program in Developmental Biology published between 1 March 2020 - 28 February 2021 which are tracked by the Nature Index.Cookie Notice
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* China hides identities of top scientific recruits amidst growingUS scrutiny
__ Share on Facebook __ Tweet this article CHINA HIDES IDENTITIES OF TOP SCIENTIFIC RECRUITS AMIDST GROWING USSCRUTINY
Scholars fear that affiliation with the high-status Thousand Talents scheme could make them targets of FBI investigations.22 October 2018
Smriti Mallapaty
Scott J. Ferrell / Contributor / Getty United States congressman, Lamar Smith, accused China of planting sleeper agents in US universities to steal scientific breakthroughs at an April 2018 hearing.China’s flagship
science talent recruitment programme, the Thousand Talents Plan, has gone underground amidst intensifying scrutiny by United States government agencies for China's suspected role in the theft of US technologies and intellectual property. A climate of fear has engulfed Chinese scientists in both countries worried that association with the previously prestigious programme will make them targets of US investigations, including by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). Lists of scholars affiliated with the Thousand Talents Plan — a Chinese government scheme to attract Chinese scientists and entrepreneurs back to their homeland — have been removed from government and institutional websites in China. A memo by a prominent official grant-funding agency, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, circulating on social media instructs interviewers of potential applicants to avoid e-mail correspondence, and not to mention the Thousand Talents Plan when inviting candidates back to the country. Another widely circulated message on social media, claiming to be from the human resources department of an institution that was not named, urges representatives of fellow HR departments to delete information on their websites related to the Thousand Talents Plan, as “required by the Ministry of Education”. The message asserts that the FBI is investigating researchers involved with the plan. The Thousand Talents Plan secretariat and the MoE did not respond to the Nature Index’s inquiries. “Every scientist should be concerned — not just scientists of Chinese origin,” says Xi Xiaoxing, a physicist at Temple University.
He argues the US government’s rhetoric threatens not just academic freedom but the US’s place in science and technology globally. Xi was arrested by the FBI in 2015 and charged with sharing sensitive technology with China, but the case was abruptly dropped four monthslater.
Against the backdrop of an ongoing trade war, the threat to China–US scientific co-operation could also setback the global scientific enterprise. The two countries are the top collaborating pairin
the production of high-quality scientific research worldwide, based on their joint authorship contributions to articles in the 82 journals tracked by the Nature Index. The developments have had a “chilling effect on young people,” says Wang Xiao-Fan, a cell and molecular biologist at Duke UniversitySchool of Medicine.
Deterring Chinese students would cost US institutions dearly, says Wang. About a third of all US science and engineering master’s and doctorate degrees in 2015 were awarded to international students.
Of the doctorate recipients on temporary visas between 1995 and 2015, some 29%, or 63,576, were from China.SCHOLARS OR SPIES
The Chinese threat to US innovation and industry has been a longstanding concern, but recent developments have put China’s talent programmes in the spotlight. China's drives to recruit scholars and technology experts are a primary channel for harvesting US technologies and intellectual property, stated a June 2018 White House Office of Trade and Manufacturing Policy document.
At an April 2018 hearing titled “Scholars or Spies”,
organized by two subcommittees of the US House of Representatives, the commissioner of the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, Michael Wessel, advised Congress to cut federal grants, loans or other assistance to participants of the Thousand Talents Plan. China has put “sleeper agents at our research universities to steal our scientific breakthroughs,” said Representative Lamar Smith, chairman of the House Committee on Science, Space and Technology, at the hearing. Foreign entities were mounting “systematic programs to influence NIH researchers and peer reviewers” warned Francis Collins, director of the largest public funder of biomedical research, the National Institutes of Health (NIH), in a letter sent to thousands of research institutes on 20 August 2018. Collins, who did not directly refer to China, encouraged institutions to get in touch with FBI field offices to organise briefings on the subject. The Thousand Talents Plan, launched in 2008 and expanded in 2011 to include younger and foreign researchers, is under particular scrutiny. It has attracted more than 7,000 individualsback to China
with lucrative and prominent positions and substantial research grants. The majority of returnees have come from the US, with some top-level candidates maintaining dual US–Chinese institutionalaffiliations.
WARNING OF THREATS
In an episode that has severely rattled Chinese researchers, also in August, the FBI Houston Division held a briefing to warn medical and research representatives of threats posed by foreign adversaries, including theft of proprietary information and research funds. Accounts spread within the Chinese researcher community that several faculty at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center with ties to the Thousand Talents Plan were questioned following the briefing. In one case confirmed by Nature Index, an individual who had been offered a position through the plan, but had not accepted it, wasquestioned.
Connor Hagan, a public affairs officer for FBI Houston cites usual FBI policy in declining to confirm or deny the existence of an investigation. MD Anderson states that it has “not dismissed any staff or visiting scientists as a result of their participation in the Thousand Talents program”. In a separate development, Joseph Heppert, vice-president for research at Texas Tech University,
disclosed in a letter addressed to staff that a faculty of the university had been advised to suspend his application to the Thousand Talents Plan after consulting with the FBI.WIDESPREAD ALARM
Lin Xin, an immunologist and cancer biologist at Tsinghua University is offended at the suggestion that scholars are engaged in espionageactivities.
Lin returned to China with support from the Thousand Talents Plan after several years at MD Anderson, formally resigning from his US position at the end of 2016. “It is just a recruitment plan,” he says. “We want the research community to be able to freely talk about their work.” Some researchers who were considering applying for the Thousand Talents Plan are having second thoughts for fear they could become a target of the US administration. The removal of information from websites in China has been unsettling, says a Chinese bioinformatics and computational biologist based in the US, who spoke on the condition of anonymity. “Now that everything is not transparent, we are not sure whether the selection criteria willbe fair.”
Tobin Smith, vice president for policy at the 60-strong Association of American Universities, says that institutions are working to understand the government’s concerns. Researchers might have unwittingly shared sensitive information with foreign actors, he suggests. “But at this point it is still a bit unclear what the threat from the programmes actually is,” he says. Futao Huang, a higher-education policy analyst at Hiroshima University in Japan, argues that the shroud of scepticism hanging over Chinese talent programmes will interfere with China’s goals of advancing in fields such as artificial intelligence, where the US is the current leader. “The best researchers will stay in the US,” he says. _This article was updated on 23 October 2018 to reflect attempts to contact the Thousand Talents Plan secretariat and the Chinese Ministryof Education._
_Correction 26 October 2018: The FBI Houston briefing did not take place at MD Anderson Cancer Center._TAGS:
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WATCHING ATOMS AS THEY DANCE Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)30 Apr 2021
WHEN ELECTRONS DO THE SPLITS Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC)30 Apr 2021
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BLOCKED PORES SHINE IN CO2 CONVERSION ShanghaiTech University30 Apr 2021
SMART GLOVES THAT TOUCH BACKSoochow University
30 Apr 2021
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ULTRAHIGH INTERACTION BETWEEN MATERIAL AND LIGHT University of Hamburg (UHH)30 Apr 2021
TIRED BRAIN CELLS DISTORT PERCEPTION OF TIMEOsaka University
30 Apr 2021
ASTROCYTES PLAY ROLE IN PAIN HYPERSENSITIVITYKyushu University
30 Apr 2021
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NATURE INDEX 2021 ASIA PACIFIC Sustainability, climate-change mitigation, and biomedical science are key areas for future research prowess in the Asia-Pacific region. While COVID-19 travel restrictions have disrupted collaborations between far-flung nations, they have focused attention on vast opportunities for researchers in countries in close proximity and South and southeast Asia to work more closely together on newinitiatives.
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