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3. WHO BENEFITS FROM VACCINES? An effective vaccine protects an individual against a specific infectious disease and its complications. In the short term, vaccine efficacy is measured by its ability to reduce new infections. The longer-term goal is to reduce serious complications and death. 2 All vaccines currently used in Australia produce high levels of protection that are enough to prevent disease in most vaccinated 5. WHAT DOES THE FUTURE HOLD FOR VACCINATION? 5. What does the future hold for vaccination? Infectious diseases still account for around 40% of all recorded deaths in the world. Advances in vaccine technology are crucial to limit and prevent infectious diseases around the world, which still account for around 40% of all recorded deaths globally. 68 Changing how existing vaccinesare used
THE RISKS TO AUSTRALIA OF A 3°C WARMER WORLD The Australian Academy of Science is calling on the Australian Government to accelerate Australia’s transition to net zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions over the next 10 to 20 years to play our part in avoiding the worst impacts of climate change. The key recommendation is included in a landmark Academy report publishedtoday.
NANCY MILLIS MEDAL
SCIENCE MATTERS
Science Matters. Our magazine Science Matters is packed with good news stories and highlights the impact of partnerships and philanthropic giving at the Australian Academy of Science. From supporting early-career researchers to staging world-class science events, the magazine delves into stories of discovery and inspiration from thepast year.
EXPERT - GEOFFREY PUZON Dr Puzon is a microbiologist with expertise in the microbial ecology of free living pathogenic organisms in natural and engineered systems. Dr Puzon's work focuses on the detection, surveillance, microbial ecology supporting pathogen presence and treatment of engineered systems to remove pathogens. If you would like to update your profile WHY ARE THERE SO MANY TYPES OF BATTERIES? Why are there so many types of batteries? A range of materials (it used to be just metals) can be used as the electrodes in a battery. Over the years, many different combinations have been trialled and there are a few favourites that have gone the distance. ButALEX MCBRATNEY
Alex McBratney is a world-leading soil scientist who conceived and developed pedometrics, digital soil mapping and soil security, radically strengthening the knowledge base of soil science. He established new theory and empirical models of soil variation in landscapes and developed their applications, for example, in precisionagriculture.
WHAT IMPACT WILL COVID-19 HAVE ON THE ENVIRONMENT What impact will COVID-19 have on the environment? COVID-19 has affected our daily lives in an unprecedented range of ways, from physical distancing to travel bans. But the pandemic is also influencing our planet. Air pollution levels have dropped significantly since measures such as quarantines and shutdowns were put in place to contain COVID-19. HOW GERMS SPREAD FROM SURFACES The kind of surface matters. A recent review of the scientific literature found that the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes COVID-19, can survive on different surfaces for different amounts of time. Food and maildeliveries are
3. WHO BENEFITS FROM VACCINES? An effective vaccine protects an individual against a specific infectious disease and its complications. In the short term, vaccine efficacy is measured by its ability to reduce new infections. The longer-term goal is to reduce serious complications and death. 2 All vaccines currently used in Australia produce high levels of protection that are enough to prevent disease in most vaccinated 5. WHAT DOES THE FUTURE HOLD FOR VACCINATION? 5. What does the future hold for vaccination? Infectious diseases still account for around 40% of all recorded deaths in the world. Advances in vaccine technology are crucial to limit and prevent infectious diseases around the world, which still account for around 40% of all recorded deaths globally. 68 Changing how existing vaccinesare used
THE RISKS TO AUSTRALIA OF A 3°C WARMER WORLD The Australian Academy of Science is calling on the Australian Government to accelerate Australia’s transition to net zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions over the next 10 to 20 years to play our part in avoiding the worst impacts of climate change. The key recommendation is included in a landmark Academy report publishedtoday.
NANCY MILLIS MEDAL
SCIENCE MATTERS
Science Matters. Our magazine Science Matters is packed with good news stories and highlights the impact of partnerships and philanthropic giving at the Australian Academy of Science. From supporting early-career researchers to staging world-class science events, the magazine delves into stories of discovery and inspiration from thepast year.
EXPERT - GEOFFREY PUZON Dr Puzon is a microbiologist with expertise in the microbial ecology of free living pathogenic organisms in natural and engineered systems. Dr Puzon's work focuses on the detection, surveillance, microbial ecology supporting pathogen presence and treatment of engineered systems to remove pathogens. If you would like to update your profile WHY ARE THERE SO MANY TYPES OF BATTERIES? Why are there so many types of batteries? A range of materials (it used to be just metals) can be used as the electrodes in a battery. Over the years, many different combinations have been trialled and there are a few favourites that have gone the distance. ButALEX MCBRATNEY
Alex McBratney is a world-leading soil scientist who conceived and developed pedometrics, digital soil mapping and soil security, radically strengthening the knowledge base of soil science. He established new theory and empirical models of soil variation in landscapes and developed their applications, for example, in precisionagriculture.
IMPACTS OF COVID-19 ON INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH This event will be a broad discussion on the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on scientific research and international cooperation. In a time when a pandemic is relying on a global coordinated scientific response, COVID-19 restrictions are changing the way we collaborate in the laboratory, in the office, and in the conference hall. HOW GERMS SPREAD FROM SURFACES The kind of surface matters. A recent review of the scientific literature found that the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes COVID-19, can survive on different surfaces for different amounts of time. Food and maildeliveries are
HOW DOES A GLOBAL PANDEMIC AFFECT OUR FOOD SUPPLY CHAIN Disruptions to food supplies. Here, we take a detailed look at how a global crisis like the COVID-19 pandemic can disrupt food supply and look at emerging data-based solutions that could make the supply chain more secure. Global crises have a direct effect on export, including international shipping. Image adapted from: Guillame Bolduc via THE RISKS TO AUSTRALIA OF A 3°C WARMER WORLD The Australian Academy of Science is calling on the Australian Government to accelerate Australia’s transition to net zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions over the next 10 to 20 years to play our part in avoiding the worst impacts of climate change. The key recommendation is included in a landmark Academy report publishedtoday.
EXPERT - NIKOLAI PETROVSKY Expertise. I have a PhD in immunology and for the last 25 years have been involved in pandemic vaccine research, having developed more than 20 vaccines including against SARS, MERS, COVID19, swine and bird flu, Ebola etc. I have also taken multiple vaccines (>10) into human clinical trials. Over the last 15 years I have been awarded more than LEARNING OUTCOMES FOR ONLINE VERSUS IN-CLASS EDUCATION Learning outcomes for online versus in-class education. This rapid research information brief synthesises the evidence on the differential learning outcomes for online versus in-class education; factors that moderate the relative effectiveness; and distinct implications for students in metropolitan, remote, rural and Indigenous communities.REBOOT STEMM
The Australian Academy of Science is inviting early- and mid-career researchers (EMCRs) in Australia to join Reboot STEMM, a half-day virtual think tank to help reboot the sector, where we will co-design a strategy to lead us to a more inclusive and diverse way of defining, recognising and rewarding “success”. WHY ARE THERE SO MANY TYPES OF BATTERIES? Why are there so many types of batteries? A range of materials (it used to be just metals) can be used as the electrodes in a battery. Over the years, many different combinations have been trialled and there are a few favourites that have gone the distance. But HOW CLIMATE CHANGE INCREASES BUSHFIRE RISK This is known as the CO₂ fertilisation effect, and it will ultimately create more fuel for a potential fire. However, this effect only improves plant growth when there are sufficient amounts of other nutrients, and water. Warmer temperatures at night and during winters EXPERT - SUE MACLEMAN Expertise. Sue MacLeman has more than 30 years’ experience as a pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical technology executive having held senior roles in corporate, medical, commercial and business development. Sue has also served as CEO and Board member of several ASX and NASDAQ listed companies in the pharmaceutical sector and iscurrently
WHAT IMPACT WILL COVID-19 HAVE ON THE ENVIRONMENT What impact will COVID-19 have on the environment? COVID-19 has affected our daily lives in an unprecedented range of ways, from physical distancing to travel bans. But the pandemic is also influencing our planet. Air pollution levels have dropped significantly since measures such as quarantines and shutdowns were put in place to contain COVID-19. HOW DOES A GLOBAL PANDEMIC AFFECT OUR FOOD SUPPLY CHAINSEE MORE ONSCIENCE.ORG.AU
THE RISKS TO AUSTRALIA OF A 3°C WARMER WORLD The Australian Academy of Science is calling on the Australian Government to accelerate Australia’s transition to net zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions over the next 10 to 20 years to play our part in avoiding the worst impacts of climate change. The key recommendation is included in a landmark Academy report publishedtoday.
5. WHAT DOES THE FUTURE HOLD FOR VACCINATION? 5. What does the future hold for vaccination? Infectious diseases still account for around 40% of all recorded deaths in the world. Advances in vaccine technology are crucial to limit and prevent infectious diseases around the world, which still account for around 40% of all recorded deaths globally. 68 Changing how existing vaccinesare used
NANCY MILLIS MEDAL
WHAT IMPACT WILL COVID-19 HAVE ON THE ENVIRONMENT What impact will COVID-19 have on the environment? COVID-19 has affected our daily lives in an unprecedented range of ways, from physical distancing to travel bans. But the pandemic is also influencing our planet. Air pollution levels have dropped significantly since measures such as quarantines and shutdowns were put in place to contain COVID-19. HOW DOES A GLOBAL PANDEMIC AFFECT OUR FOOD SUPPLY CHAINSEE MORE ONSCIENCE.ORG.AU
THE RISKS TO AUSTRALIA OF A 3°C WARMER WORLD The Australian Academy of Science is calling on the Australian Government to accelerate Australia’s transition to net zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions over the next 10 to 20 years to play our part in avoiding the worst impacts of climate change. The key recommendation is included in a landmark Academy report publishedtoday.
5. WHAT DOES THE FUTURE HOLD FOR VACCINATION? 5. What does the future hold for vaccination? Infectious diseases still account for around 40% of all recorded deaths in the world. Advances in vaccine technology are crucial to limit and prevent infectious diseases around the world, which still account for around 40% of all recorded deaths globally. 68 Changing how existing vaccinesare used
NANCY MILLIS MEDAL
IMPACTS OF COVID-19 ON INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH This event will be a broad discussion on the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on scientific research and international cooperation. In a time when a pandemic is relying on a global coordinated scientific response, COVID-19 restrictions are changing the way we collaborate in the laboratory, in the office, and in the conference hall. WHAT IMPACT WILL COVID-19 HAVE ON THE ENVIRONMENT What impact will COVID-19 have on the environment? COVID-19 has affected our daily lives in an unprecedented range of ways, from physical distancing to travel bans. But the pandemic is also influencing our planet. Air pollution levels have dropped significantly since measures such as quarantines and shutdowns were put in place to contain COVID-19. HOW GERMS SPREAD FROM SURFACES The kind of surface matters. A recent review of the scientific literature found that the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes COVID-19, can survive on different surfaces for different amounts of time. Food and maildeliveries are
3. WHO BENEFITS FROM VACCINES? An effective vaccine protects an individual against a specific infectious disease and its complications. In the short term, vaccine efficacy is measured by its ability to reduce new infections. The longer-term goal is to reduce serious complications and death. 2 All vaccines currently used in Australia produce high levels of protection that are enough to prevent disease in most vaccinated HOW SAFE ARE VACCINES? The great majority of side effects that follow a vaccination are minor and don’t last long. The most common side effect is some pain, redness and swelling at the injection site. This inflammatory response is a sign that your immune system is responding to the vaccine as it should. The benefits of vaccination outweigh the risks. EXPERT - NIKOLAI PETROVSKY Expertise. I have a PhD in immunology and for the last 25 years have been involved in pandemic vaccine research, having developed more than 20 vaccines including against SARS, MERS, COVID19, swine and bird flu, Ebola etc. I have also taken multiple vaccines (>10) into human clinical trials. Over the last 15 years I have been awarded more than LEARNING OUTCOMES FOR ONLINE VERSUS IN-CLASS EDUCATION Learning outcomes for online versus in-class education. This rapid research information brief synthesises the evidence on the differential learning outcomes for online versus in-class education; factors that moderate the relative effectiveness; and distinct implications for students in metropolitan, remote, rural and Indigenous communities.REBOOT STEMM
The Australian Academy of Science is inviting early- and mid-career researchers (EMCRs) in Australia to join Reboot STEMM, a half-day virtual think tank to help reboot the sector, where we will co-design a strategy to lead us to a more inclusive and diverse way of defining, recognising and rewarding “success”. HOW POPULATION GROWTH IMPACTS THE PLANET How population growth impacts the planet. Find out more about the science of human population: How does the world population clock tick? Population and environment: A global challenge. 1:55 People &medicine.
HOW CLIMATE CHANGE INCREASES BUSHFIRE RISK This is known as the CO₂ fertilisation effect, and it will ultimately create more fuel for a potential fire. However, this effect only improves plant growth when there are sufficient amounts of other nutrients, and water. Warmer temperatures at night and during winters AUSTRALIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCEOTHER INITIATIVESNEWS AND MEDIA RELEASESHISTORY OF THE SHINE DOMESUPPORT USACADEMY MEDAL The Australian Academy of Science is inviting early- and mid-career researchers (EMCRs) in Australia to join Reboot STEMM, a half-day virtual think tank to help reboot the sector, where we will co-design a strategy to lead us to a more inclusive and diverse way of defining, recognising and rewarding “success”. WHAT IMPACT WILL COVID-19 HAVE ON THE ENVIRONMENT What impact will COVID-19 have on the environment? COVID-19 has affected our daily lives in an unprecedented range of ways, from physical distancing to travel bans. But the pandemic is also influencing our planet. Air pollution levels have dropped significantly since measures such as quarantines and shutdowns were put in place to contain COVID-19.NANCY MILLIS MEDAL
THE ENHANCED GREENHOUSE EFFECT The natural greenhouse effect is a phenomenon caused by gases naturally present in the atmosphere that affect the behaviour of the heat energy radiated by the sun. In simple terms, sunlight (shortwave radiation) passes through the atmosphere, and is absorbed by Earth’s surface. This warms Earth’s surface, and then Earth radiates some of EXPERT - GEOFFREY PUZON Dr Puzon is a microbiologist with expertise in the microbial ecology of free living pathogenic organisms in natural and engineered systems. Dr Puzon's work focuses on the detection, surveillance, microbial ecology supporting pathogen presence and treatment of engineered systems to remove pathogens. If you would like to update your profile WHICH CAME FIRST: THE CHICKEN OR THE EGG? It’s that old riddle that’s sparked many arguments through the ages: was it the chicken or the egg that came first? It’s such a tricky question because you need a chicken to lay an egg, but chickens come from eggs, leaving us with an intractable circle of clucky, feathery life that apparently has no clear starting point.. Thankfully, there’s no need to keep brooding over this forever. HOW CLIMATE CHANGE INCREASES BUSHFIRE RISK This is known as the CO₂ fertilisation effect, and it will ultimately create more fuel for a potential fire. However, this effect only improves plant growth when there are sufficient amounts of other nutrients, and water. Warmer temperatures at night and during winters PROFESSOR ROGER SHORT, REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGIST Professor Roger Short, reproductive biologist. Roger Valentine Short was born in Surrey, England in 1930. Short was educated at Sherborne School in Dorset before starting a bachelor of veterinary science at Bristol University. He completed his bachelor's degree in 1954 and then travelled to the University of Wisconsin in the USA on aFulbright
ARE VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTS WORTH IT? However, several studies and scientific reviews have consistently shown that, for most people, it is better for our health to obtain all our nutrients from our food supply. Vitamin supplements typically contain only one ‘active ingredient’ in isolation, whereas food brings a whole range of different nutrients together in differentcombinations.
WHY ARE SOME BLOOD TYPES INCOMPATIBLE WITH OTHERS Blood type and pregnancy. Blood type compatibility is clearly very important when donating and transfusing blood products, but blood type incompatibility can also become an issue during pregnancy, if a mother’s blood type is Rh negative, but her unborn child’s is Rh positive. These differences in blood type can become a problem if thebaby
AUSTRALIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCEOTHER INITIATIVESNEWS AND MEDIA RELEASESHISTORY OF THE SHINE DOMESUPPORT USACADEMY MEDAL The Australian Academy of Science is inviting early- and mid-career researchers (EMCRs) in Australia to join Reboot STEMM, a half-day virtual think tank to help reboot the sector, where we will co-design a strategy to lead us to a more inclusive and diverse way of defining, recognising and rewarding “success”. WHAT IMPACT WILL COVID-19 HAVE ON THE ENVIRONMENT What impact will COVID-19 have on the environment? COVID-19 has affected our daily lives in an unprecedented range of ways, from physical distancing to travel bans. But the pandemic is also influencing our planet. Air pollution levels have dropped significantly since measures such as quarantines and shutdowns were put in place to contain COVID-19.NANCY MILLIS MEDAL
THE ENHANCED GREENHOUSE EFFECT The natural greenhouse effect is a phenomenon caused by gases naturally present in the atmosphere that affect the behaviour of the heat energy radiated by the sun. In simple terms, sunlight (shortwave radiation) passes through the atmosphere, and is absorbed by Earth’s surface. This warms Earth’s surface, and then Earth radiates some of EXPERT - GEOFFREY PUZON Dr Puzon is a microbiologist with expertise in the microbial ecology of free living pathogenic organisms in natural and engineered systems. Dr Puzon's work focuses on the detection, surveillance, microbial ecology supporting pathogen presence and treatment of engineered systems to remove pathogens. If you would like to update your profile WHICH CAME FIRST: THE CHICKEN OR THE EGG? It’s that old riddle that’s sparked many arguments through the ages: was it the chicken or the egg that came first? It’s such a tricky question because you need a chicken to lay an egg, but chickens come from eggs, leaving us with an intractable circle of clucky, feathery life that apparently has no clear starting point.. Thankfully, there’s no need to keep brooding over this forever. HOW CLIMATE CHANGE INCREASES BUSHFIRE RISK This is known as the CO₂ fertilisation effect, and it will ultimately create more fuel for a potential fire. However, this effect only improves plant growth when there are sufficient amounts of other nutrients, and water. Warmer temperatures at night and during winters PROFESSOR ROGER SHORT, REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGIST Professor Roger Short, reproductive biologist. Roger Valentine Short was born in Surrey, England in 1930. Short was educated at Sherborne School in Dorset before starting a bachelor of veterinary science at Bristol University. He completed his bachelor's degree in 1954 and then travelled to the University of Wisconsin in the USA on aFulbright
ARE VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTS WORTH IT? However, several studies and scientific reviews have consistently shown that, for most people, it is better for our health to obtain all our nutrients from our food supply. Vitamin supplements typically contain only one ‘active ingredient’ in isolation, whereas food brings a whole range of different nutrients together in differentcombinations.
WHY ARE SOME BLOOD TYPES INCOMPATIBLE WITH OTHERS Blood type and pregnancy. Blood type compatibility is clearly very important when donating and transfusing blood products, but blood type incompatibility can also become an issue during pregnancy, if a mother’s blood type is Rh negative, but her unborn child’s is Rh positive. These differences in blood type can become a problem if thebaby
IMPACTS OF COVID-19 ON INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH This event will be a broad discussion on the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on scientific research and international cooperation. In a time when a pandemic is relying on a global coordinated scientific response, COVID-19 restrictions are changing the way we collaborate in the laboratory, in the office, and in the conference hall.RARE BLOOD TYPES
One of the rarest blood types in the world is Rh null, sometimes referred to as ‘ golden blood ’. People with this blood type have a complete absence of any of the Rh antigens. It was first discovered in an Aboriginal Australian and is extremely rare, with fewer than 50 individuals known to have Rh null blood in the 50 years after its THE ENHANCED GREENHOUSE EFFECT The natural greenhouse effect is a phenomenon caused by gases naturally present in the atmosphere that affect the behaviour of the heat energy radiated by the sun. In simple terms, sunlight (shortwave radiation) passes through the atmosphere, and is absorbed by Earth’s surface. This warms Earth’s surface, and then Earth radiates some of THE STORY OF OUR EUCALYPTS The story of our eucalypts. Eucalypts—often called gum trees—are icons of the Australian flora. With more than 800 species they dominate the Australian landscape, forming forests, woodland and shrublands in all environments except the most arid deserts. Karri and Mountain ash form tall wet forests, mallee species grow in semi-aridregions
POPULATION AND ENVIRONMENT: A GLOBAL CHALLENGE The IPAT equation, first devised in the 1970s, is a way of determining environmental degradation based on a multiple of factors. At its simplest, it describes how human impact on the environment (I) is a result of a multiplicative contribution of population (P), affluence (A) and technology (T). CLIMATE CHANGE CHALLENGES TO HEALTH: RISKS AND These include heatwaves, droughts, storms, cyclones and floods. These will have direct impacts on lives, homes and communities, and will also place stress on the mental wellbeing of members of the community during prolonged events such as intense heatwaves. Disease. Many diseases are likely to spread and increase in incidence as the climatewarms.
1. WHAT IS CLIMATE CHANGE? Climate change is a change in the pattern of weather, and related changes in oceans, land surfaces and ice sheets, occurring over time scales of decades or longer. Weather is the state of the atmosphere—its temperature, humidity, wind, rainfall and so on—over hours to weeks. It is influenced by the oceans, land surfaces and ice sheets PETER GILL | AUSTRALIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCE Peter Gill has made both fundamental and applied contributions to the progress of quantum chemistry. His development of efficient two-electron integral algorithms, perturbation analysis, linear-scaling methodology, DFT functionals, theory of excited states, Coulomb-splitting techniques, and the Q-Chem software package, have significantly changed the research tools of the field. WHAT SEA-LEVEL RISE MEANS FOR AUSTRALIA Intrusion of salt water is already a major management issue in Kakadu. If sea levels around Australia rise by around 50 centimetres, these freshwater wetlands will become saltier. A one metre rise in sea level would transform Kakadu’s low-lying coastal plains and some of the freshwater wetlands they support into mangrove forest. WHAT ARE ANABOLIC ANDROGENIC STEROIDS? Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), also simply referred to as ‘anabolic steroids’, are drugs derived from testosterone, a hormone that is produced in the testes of males and, to a much lesser extent, in the ovaries of females. Testosterone is partially responsible for the developmental changes that occur during pubertyand adolescence and
WHAT IMPACT WILL COVID-19 HAVE ON THE ENVIRONMENT What impact will COVID-19 have on the environment? COVID-19 has affected our daily lives in an unprecedented range of ways, from physical distancing to travel bans. But the pandemic is also influencing our planet. Air pollution levels have dropped significantly since measures such as quarantines and shutdowns were put in place to contain COVID-19. HOW DOES A GLOBAL PANDEMIC AFFECT OUR FOOD SUPPLY CHAINSEE MORE ONSCIENCE.ORG.AU
THE RISKS TO AUSTRALIA OF A 3°C WARMER WORLD The Australian Academy of Science is calling on the Australian Government to accelerate Australia’s transition to net zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions over the next 10 to 20 years to play our part in avoiding the worst impacts of climate change. The key recommendation is included in a landmark Academy report publishedtoday.
EXPERT - NIKOLAI PETROVSKY Expertise. I have a PhD in immunology and for the last 25 years have been involved in pandemic vaccine research, having developed more than 20 vaccines including against SARS, MERS, COVID19, swine and bird flu, Ebola etc. I have also taken multiple vaccines (>10) into human clinical trials. Over the last 15 years I have been awarded more than 5. WHAT DOES THE FUTURE HOLD FOR VACCINATION? 5. What does the future hold for vaccination? Infectious diseases still account for around 40% of all recorded deaths in the world. Advances in vaccine technology are crucial to limit and prevent infectious diseases around the world, which still account for around 40% of all recorded deaths globally. 68 Changing how existing vaccinesare used
SCIENCE MATTERS
Science Matters. Our magazine Science Matters is packed with good news stories and highlights the impact of partnerships and philanthropic giving at the Australian Academy of Science. From supporting early-career researchers to staging world-class science events, the magazine delves into stories of discovery and inspiration from thepast year.
NANCY MILLIS MEDAL
EXPERT - GEOFFREY PUZON Dr Puzon is a microbiologist with expertise in the microbial ecology of free living pathogenic organisms in natural and engineered systems. Dr Puzon's work focuses on the detection, surveillance, microbial ecology supporting pathogen presence and treatment of engineered systems to remove pathogens. If you would like to update your profileALEX MCBRATNEY
Alex McBratney is a world-leading soil scientist who conceived and developed pedometrics, digital soil mapping and soil security, radically strengthening the knowledge base of soil science. He established new theory and empirical models of soil variation in landscapes and developed their applications, for example, in precisionagriculture.
HOW CLIMATE CHANGE INCREASES BUSHFIRE RISK This is known as the CO₂ fertilisation effect, and it will ultimately create more fuel for a potential fire. However, this effect only improves plant growth when there are sufficient amounts of other nutrients, and water. Warmer temperatures at night and during winters WHAT IMPACT WILL COVID-19 HAVE ON THE ENVIRONMENT What impact will COVID-19 have on the environment? COVID-19 has affected our daily lives in an unprecedented range of ways, from physical distancing to travel bans. But the pandemic is also influencing our planet. Air pollution levels have dropped significantly since measures such as quarantines and shutdowns were put in place to contain COVID-19. HOW DOES A GLOBAL PANDEMIC AFFECT OUR FOOD SUPPLY CHAINSEE MORE ONSCIENCE.ORG.AU
THE RISKS TO AUSTRALIA OF A 3°C WARMER WORLD The Australian Academy of Science is calling on the Australian Government to accelerate Australia’s transition to net zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions over the next 10 to 20 years to play our part in avoiding the worst impacts of climate change. The key recommendation is included in a landmark Academy report publishedtoday.
EXPERT - NIKOLAI PETROVSKY Expertise. I have a PhD in immunology and for the last 25 years have been involved in pandemic vaccine research, having developed more than 20 vaccines including against SARS, MERS, COVID19, swine and bird flu, Ebola etc. I have also taken multiple vaccines (>10) into human clinical trials. Over the last 15 years I have been awarded more than 5. WHAT DOES THE FUTURE HOLD FOR VACCINATION? 5. What does the future hold for vaccination? Infectious diseases still account for around 40% of all recorded deaths in the world. Advances in vaccine technology are crucial to limit and prevent infectious diseases around the world, which still account for around 40% of all recorded deaths globally. 68 Changing how existing vaccinesare used
SCIENCE MATTERS
Science Matters. Our magazine Science Matters is packed with good news stories and highlights the impact of partnerships and philanthropic giving at the Australian Academy of Science. From supporting early-career researchers to staging world-class science events, the magazine delves into stories of discovery and inspiration from thepast year.
NANCY MILLIS MEDAL
EXPERT - GEOFFREY PUZON Dr Puzon is a microbiologist with expertise in the microbial ecology of free living pathogenic organisms in natural and engineered systems. Dr Puzon's work focuses on the detection, surveillance, microbial ecology supporting pathogen presence and treatment of engineered systems to remove pathogens. If you would like to update your profileALEX MCBRATNEY
Alex McBratney is a world-leading soil scientist who conceived and developed pedometrics, digital soil mapping and soil security, radically strengthening the knowledge base of soil science. He established new theory and empirical models of soil variation in landscapes and developed their applications, for example, in precisionagriculture.
HOW CLIMATE CHANGE INCREASES BUSHFIRE RISK This is known as the CO₂ fertilisation effect, and it will ultimately create more fuel for a potential fire. However, this effect only improves plant growth when there are sufficient amounts of other nutrients, and water. Warmer temperatures at night and during winters WHAT IMPACT WILL COVID-19 HAVE ON THE ENVIRONMENT What impact will COVID-19 have on the environment? COVID-19 has affected our daily lives in an unprecedented range of ways, from physical distancing to travel bans. But the pandemic is also influencing our planet. Air pollution levels have dropped significantly since measures such as quarantines and shutdowns were put in place to contain COVID-19. HOW DOES A GLOBAL PANDEMIC AFFECT OUR FOOD SUPPLY CHAIN Disruptions to food supplies. Here, we take a detailed look at how a global crisis like the COVID-19 pandemic can disrupt food supply and look at emerging data-based solutions that could make the supply chain more secure. Global crises have a direct effect on export, including international shipping. Image adapted from: Guillame Bolduc via 3. WHO BENEFITS FROM VACCINES? An effective vaccine protects an individual against a specific infectious disease and its complications. In the short term, vaccine efficacy is measured by its ability to reduce new infections. The longer-term goal is to reduce serious complications and death. 2 All vaccines currently used in Australia produce high levels of protection that are enough to prevent disease in most vaccinated HOW GERMS SPREAD FROM SURFACES The kind of surface matters. A recent review of the scientific literature found that the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes COVID-19, can survive on different surfaces for different amounts of time. Food and maildeliveries are
HOW SAFE ARE VACCINES? The great majority of side effects that follow a vaccination are minor and don’t last long. The most common side effect is some pain, redness and swelling at the injection site. This inflammatory response is a sign that your immune system is responding to the vaccine as it should. The benefits of vaccination outweigh the risks. PETER GILL | AUSTRALIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCE Peter Gill has made both fundamental and applied contributions to the progress of quantum chemistry. His development of efficient two-electron integral algorithms, perturbation analysis, linear-scaling methodology, DFT functionals, theory of excited states, Coulomb-splitting techniques, and the Q-Chem software package, have significantly changed the research tools of the field.SCIENCE.ORG.AU
Moved Permanently. The document has moved here. HOW POPULATION GROWTH IMPACTS THE PLANET How population growth impacts the planet. Find out more about the science of human population: How does the world population clock tick? Population and environment: A global challenge. 1:55 People &medicine.
HOW CLIMATE CHANGE INCREASES BUSHFIRE RISK This is known as the CO₂ fertilisation effect, and it will ultimately create more fuel for a potential fire. However, this effect only improves plant growth when there are sufficient amounts of other nutrients, and water. Warmer temperatures at night and during winters HOW 'THREE PARENT IVF' CAN HELP STOP DISEASE How 'three parent IVF' can help stop disease. Mitochondrial donation, or so-called ‘three parent IVF’, is an emerging technology that could mean the difference between a healthy child and one born with life-threatening disease. It’s estimated that 1 in 200 people carry a genetic mutation that may cause mitochondrial disease in some form.* __Donate
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Supporting the nation to combat COVID-19 VISIT THE COVID-19 NEWS AND RESOURCES HUB Supporting the nation to combat COVID-19 VISIT THE COVID-19 NEWS AND RESOURCES HUB The Australian Academy of Science provides independent, authoritative and influential scientific advice, promotes international scientific engagement, builds public awareness and understanding of science, and champions, celebrates and supports excellence in Australian science.LATEST NEWS
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MISSION TO MAP AUSTRALIA’S BIODIVERSITY PREDICTED TO BRING BIGECONOMIC BENEFITS
02 JUNE, 2021__
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ACADEMY REPORTS COVID-19 RESPONSE AND OTHER ACHIEVEMENTS OF 2020 National leadership and collaboration supporting Australia’s response to COVID-19 were among the many achievements highlighted in the Academy’s recently published annual report for 2020.31 MAY, 2021__
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TWENTY-TWO AUSTRALIANS RECOGNISED AMONG OUR NATION’S MOST DISTINGUISHED SCIENTISTS25 MAY, 2021__
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SCIENCE AT THE SHINE DOME 202112 MAY, 2021
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REBOOT STEMM
The Australian Academy of Science is inviting early- and mid-career researchers (EMCRs) in Australia to join Reboot STEMM, a half-day virtual think tank to help reboot the sector, where we will co-design a strategy to lead us to a more inclusive and diverse way of defining, recognising and rewarding “success”.22 MAY, 2021
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FOOD FOR THOUGHT: GUT HEALTH08 JUNE, 2021
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