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Safety Information
COPPER-BASED BACTERICIDES AND FUNGICIDES Copper-based Bactericides and Fungicides. Copper pesticides are a group of many different compounds that have some form of copper in common as the active ingredient. These compounds have protectant activity against several bacterial and fungal diseases. Although copper pesticides are one of the oldest class of fungicides (FRACgroup M1), they
RASPBERRY (RUBUS SPP.)-YELLOW RUST See: Raspberry Cultivar Susceptibility. Cause Phragmidium rubi-idaei, a fungus widespread in red raspberry in western Oregon and Washington, particularly in years when spring rains continue late.Historically, rust has not been a problem in the 'Canby', 'Chilcotin' 'Newburgh','Puyallup', or
TREATING IRRIGATION WATER TO ELIMINATE WATER MOLDS Copper is also sometimes delivered as a dissolved salt, such as copper sulfate. Heat treatment is another method of disinfesting water, but it is energy intensive and therefore too costly for treating large volumes. A temperature of 203°F for 30 seconds is sufficient to kill most plant pathogens. HAZELNUT, CONTORTED (CORYLUS AVELLANA)-EASTERN FILBERT See: Hazelnut (Corylus avellana)-Eastern Filbert Blight. Cause Anisogramma anomala, a fungus that has infected both hazelnut orchards and home gardens throughout the Pacific North-west.The fungus has a life cycle of 2 or more years including a 12- to 15-month latent period when no symptoms are visible. MAPLE (ACER SPP.)-SOOTY BARK DISEASE The fungus kills the bark, causing it to blister. Dark gray masses that blacken with age, stomata, are formed pushing up the bark. These stomata resemble soot, hence the name sooty bark disease. Once spores disperse, the remaining tissue beneath them looks black. The spores may cause a severe allergic reaction in susceptible people, which has MAPLE (ACER SPP.)-VERTICILLIUM WILT See: Verticillium Wilt in the Pacific Northwest. Cause Samples with Verticillium wilt have dominated the maple problem diagnoses sent to the OSU Plant Clinic. Verticillium dahliae, a soilborne fungus that is almost impossible to eradicate once established in the soil.There are over 300 plant species susceptible to this fungus. It forms microsclerotia that germinate in response to exudates from BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF THE GARDEN SYMPHYLAN Garden symphylan biology. Symphylans exhibit incomplete metamorphosis. Stages include eggs, immatures, and adults, which can be found together throughout most of the year. Males deposit sperm packets on stalks on the soil and the female picks them up and places them in PLANTS RESISTANT OR SUSCEPTIBLE TO VERTICILLIUM WILT Plants Resistant or Susceptible to Verticillium Wilt. Resistant or Immune. Susceptible. Trees. beech . hackberry. mulberry. ash. fringe tree. Prunus spp.. birch. hawthornAPPLE-APPLE MAGGOT
Rhagoletis pomonella. The apple maggot is a small fly native to the northeastern United States and Canada, where it originally fed on hawthorn. It was not until 100 years after apples were introduced to North America that it was found feeding on apples, and today it is a key pest of apples in northeastern regions, where several insecticide sprays are necessary to produce fruit free from maggot PACIFIC NORTHWEST PEST MANAGEMENT HANDBOOKSINSECTPLANT DISEASEWEEDPESTICIDE SAFETYORDER PRINTED HANDBOOKAGRONOMIC CROPS In case of emergency Call your poison control center: 1-800-222-1222 If the patient has collapsed or is not breathing: call 9-1-1 PesticideSafety Information
COPPER-BASED BACTERICIDES AND FUNGICIDES Copper-based Bactericides and Fungicides. Copper pesticides are a group of many different compounds that have some form of copper in common as the active ingredient. These compounds have protectant activity against several bacterial and fungal diseases. Although copper pesticides are one of the oldest class of fungicides (FRACgroup M1), they
RASPBERRY (RUBUS SPP.)-YELLOW RUST See: Raspberry Cultivar Susceptibility. Cause Phragmidium rubi-idaei, a fungus widespread in red raspberry in western Oregon and Washington, particularly in years when spring rains continue late.Historically, rust has not been a problem in the 'Canby', 'Chilcotin' 'Newburgh','Puyallup', or
TREATING IRRIGATION WATER TO ELIMINATE WATER MOLDS Copper is also sometimes delivered as a dissolved salt, such as copper sulfate. Heat treatment is another method of disinfesting water, but it is energy intensive and therefore too costly for treating large volumes. A temperature of 203°F for 30 seconds is sufficient to kill most plant pathogens. HAZELNUT, CONTORTED (CORYLUS AVELLANA)-EASTERN FILBERT See: Hazelnut (Corylus avellana)-Eastern Filbert Blight. Cause Anisogramma anomala, a fungus that has infected both hazelnut orchards and home gardens throughout the Pacific North-west.The fungus has a life cycle of 2 or more years including a 12- to 15-month latent period when no symptoms are visible. MAPLE (ACER SPP.)-SOOTY BARK DISEASE The fungus kills the bark, causing it to blister. Dark gray masses that blacken with age, stomata, are formed pushing up the bark. These stomata resemble soot, hence the name sooty bark disease. Once spores disperse, the remaining tissue beneath them looks black. The spores may cause a severe allergic reaction in susceptible people, which has MAPLE (ACER SPP.)-VERTICILLIUM WILT See: Verticillium Wilt in the Pacific Northwest. Cause Samples with Verticillium wilt have dominated the maple problem diagnoses sent to the OSU Plant Clinic. Verticillium dahliae, a soilborne fungus that is almost impossible to eradicate once established in the soil.There are over 300 plant species susceptible to this fungus. It forms microsclerotia that germinate in response to exudates from BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF THE GARDEN SYMPHYLAN Garden symphylan biology. Symphylans exhibit incomplete metamorphosis. Stages include eggs, immatures, and adults, which can be found together throughout most of the year. Males deposit sperm packets on stalks on the soil and the female picks them up and places them in PLANTS RESISTANT OR SUSCEPTIBLE TO VERTICILLIUM WILT Plants Resistant or Susceptible to Verticillium Wilt. Resistant or Immune. Susceptible. Trees. beech . hackberry. mulberry. ash. fringe tree. Prunus spp.. birch. hawthornAPPLE-APPLE MAGGOT
Rhagoletis pomonella. The apple maggot is a small fly native to the northeastern United States and Canada, where it originally fed on hawthorn. It was not until 100 years after apples were introduced to North America that it was found feeding on apples, and today it is a key pest of apples in northeastern regions, where several insecticide sprays are necessary to produce fruit free from maggot MAPLE (ACER SPP.)-SOOTY BARK DISEASE Cause The fungus Cryptostroma corticale has been causing dieback primarily in sycamore maples (Acer pseudoplatanus), although box elders (A. negundo) and Norway maples (A. platanoides) can also become infected.The disease has been found in eastern WA for many years and recently in the Seattle area on sycamore maple, red maple (Acer rubrum) and big leaf maple (A. macrophyllum). MAPLE (ACER SPP.)-VERTICILLIUM WILT See: Verticillium Wilt in the Pacific Northwest. Cause Samples with Verticillium wilt have dominated the maple problem diagnoses sent to the OSU Plant Clinic. Verticillium dahliae, a soilborne fungus that is almost impossible to eradicate once established in the soil.There are over 300 plant species susceptible to this fungus. It forms microsclerotia that germinate in response to exudates from SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS SPP.)-POWDERY MILDEW Cause The fungi, Golovinomyces cichoracearum (formerly Erysiphe cichoracearum), has been reported from Idaho and Washington and G. spadiceus has been reported from Washington. Podosphaera xanthii and G. ambrosiae are also reported to occur on Helianthus spp. in North America.The disease has been found on a single plant sample sent to the OSU Plant Clinic. . The fungus, reported to overwinter RHODODENDRON-PHYTOPHTHORA ROOT ROT Foliage sprays of group P7 fungicides will be translocated down to the roots. Foliar sprays may not be as effective as soil drenches for some root Phytophthora root rot pathogens. Agri-Fos at 1 to 2 quarts/100 gal water. 4-hr reentry. Aliette WDG at 2.5 to 5 lb/100 gal water. Do not use with adjuvants. 12-hr reentry. NINEBARK (PHYSOCARPUS SPP.)-POWDERY MILDEW See: Greenhouse Plants, Ornamental-Powdery Mildew. Cause The fungus Podosphaera physocarpi is reported to infect eastern ninebark ( Physocarpus opulifolius) grown in Oregon. The OSU Plant Clinic has detected this disease on eastern ninebark. The green foliage cultivar Nanus did not develop colonies in a two-year study in CT. DISEASES CAUSED BY PSEUDOMONAS SYRINGE Shoot tip dieback was the most common symptom observed on 40 woody deciduous plants collected from Pacific Northwest nurseries (Canfield, 1986). Pseudomonas syringae was isolated from all plants having the tip dieback symptom. Plants most commonly and most severely affected were maple, dogwood, filbert, blueberry, magnolia, lilac, orientalpear
BLUEBERRY (VACCINIUM CORYMBOSUM)-BOTRYTIS BLIGHT Blueberry (Bluetta) fruit rot due to ripe rot (left side) and Botrytis (right side). Jay W. Pscheidt, 2019. Cause Botrytis cinerea, a fungus that survives as sclerotia (resistant survival structure) and dormant mycelia on dead twigs of bushes and prunings or in fruit left on the bush. It also overwinters as a saprophyte on dead organic matter RHODODENDRON-POWDERY MILDEW A few evergreen cultivars of rhododendron, such as Vulcan''s Flame, have the typical white powdery colonies of powdery mildew. Cleistothecia of Microsphaera azaleae showing the typical multiple but short appendages. Cause The fungus Erysiphe azaleae (formerly Microsphaera azaleae) is found throughout the Pacific Northwest ongarden azalea and
ARBORVITAE (THUJA OCCIDENTALIS)-BLACK FLAGGING Arborvitae (. Thuja occidentalis. )-Black Flagging. Branch tips show a dark brown to black discoloration of the foliage. Melodie Putnam. Cause The absence of disease organisms, insects, or mites associated with this condition suggests the problem is due to stress of some sort. The exact source of stress that results in black flagging isunknown.
BLACKBERRY (RUBUS SPP.)-SEPTORIA LEAF SPOT During the wet early spring, more spores are produced, and these cause many new infections. Symptoms Leaf spots vary from light to dark brown. At first they are about 0.12 inch in diameter and purplish in color. They later turn brown. In older leaf spots, centers are whitish with brown to red borders. PACIFIC NORTHWEST PEST MANAGEMENT HANDBOOKSINSECTPLANT DISEASEWEEDPESTICIDE SAFETYORDER PRINTED HANDBOOKAGRONOMIC CROPS In case of emergency Call your poison control center: 1-800-222-1222 If the patient has collapsed or is not breathing: call 9-1-1 PesticideSafety Information
COPPER-BASED BACTERICIDES AND FUNGICIDES Copper-based Bactericides and Fungicides. Copper pesticides are a group of many different compounds that have some form of copper in common as the active ingredient. These compounds have protectant activity against several bacterial and fungal diseases. Although copper pesticides are one of the oldest class of fungicides (FRACgroup M1), they
RASPBERRY (RUBUS SPP.)-YELLOW RUST See: Raspberry Cultivar Susceptibility. Cause Phragmidium rubi-idaei, a fungus widespread in red raspberry in western Oregon and Washington, particularly in years when spring rains continue late.Historically, rust has not been a problem in the 'Canby', 'Chilcotin' 'Newburgh','Puyallup', or
TREATING IRRIGATION WATER TO ELIMINATE WATER MOLDS Copper is also sometimes delivered as a dissolved salt, such as copper sulfate. Heat treatment is another method of disinfesting water, but it is energy intensive and therefore too costly for treating large volumes. A temperature of 203°F for 30 seconds is sufficient to kill most plant pathogens. HAZELNUT, CONTORTED (CORYLUS AVELLANA)-EASTERN FILBERT See: Hazelnut (Corylus avellana)-Eastern Filbert Blight. Cause Anisogramma anomala, a fungus that has infected both hazelnut orchards and home gardens throughout the Pacific North-west.The fungus has a life cycle of 2 or more years including a 12- to 15-month latent period when no symptoms are visible. MAPLE (ACER SPP.)-SOOTY BARK DISEASE The fungus kills the bark, causing it to blister. Dark gray masses that blacken with age, stomata, are formed pushing up the bark. These stomata resemble soot, hence the name sooty bark disease. Once spores disperse, the remaining tissue beneath them looks black. The spores may cause a severe allergic reaction in susceptible people, which has MAPLE (ACER SPP.)-VERTICILLIUM WILT See: Verticillium Wilt in the Pacific Northwest. Cause Samples with Verticillium wilt have dominated the maple problem diagnoses sent to the OSU Plant Clinic. Verticillium dahliae, a soilborne fungus that is almost impossible to eradicate once established in the soil.There are over 300 plant species susceptible to this fungus. It forms microsclerotia that germinate in response to exudates from BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF THE GARDEN SYMPHYLAN Garden symphylan biology. Symphylans exhibit incomplete metamorphosis. Stages include eggs, immatures, and adults, which can be found together throughout most of the year. Males deposit sperm packets on stalks on the soil and the female picks them up and places them in PLANTS RESISTANT OR SUSCEPTIBLE TO VERTICILLIUM WILT Plants Resistant or Susceptible to Verticillium Wilt. Resistant or Immune. Susceptible. Trees. beech . hackberry. mulberry. ash. fringe tree. Prunus spp.. birch. hawthornAPPLE-APPLE MAGGOT
Rhagoletis pomonella. The apple maggot is a small fly native to the northeastern United States and Canada, where it originally fed on hawthorn. It was not until 100 years after apples were introduced to North America that it was found feeding on apples, and today it is a key pest of apples in northeastern regions, where several insecticide sprays are necessary to produce fruit free from maggot PACIFIC NORTHWEST PEST MANAGEMENT HANDBOOKSINSECTPLANT DISEASEWEEDPESTICIDE SAFETYORDER PRINTED HANDBOOKAGRONOMIC CROPS In case of emergency Call your poison control center: 1-800-222-1222 If the patient has collapsed or is not breathing: call 9-1-1 PesticideSafety Information
COPPER-BASED BACTERICIDES AND FUNGICIDES Copper-based Bactericides and Fungicides. Copper pesticides are a group of many different compounds that have some form of copper in common as the active ingredient. These compounds have protectant activity against several bacterial and fungal diseases. Although copper pesticides are one of the oldest class of fungicides (FRACgroup M1), they
RASPBERRY (RUBUS SPP.)-YELLOW RUST See: Raspberry Cultivar Susceptibility. Cause Phragmidium rubi-idaei, a fungus widespread in red raspberry in western Oregon and Washington, particularly in years when spring rains continue late.Historically, rust has not been a problem in the 'Canby', 'Chilcotin' 'Newburgh','Puyallup', or
TREATING IRRIGATION WATER TO ELIMINATE WATER MOLDS Copper is also sometimes delivered as a dissolved salt, such as copper sulfate. Heat treatment is another method of disinfesting water, but it is energy intensive and therefore too costly for treating large volumes. A temperature of 203°F for 30 seconds is sufficient to kill most plant pathogens. HAZELNUT, CONTORTED (CORYLUS AVELLANA)-EASTERN FILBERT See: Hazelnut (Corylus avellana)-Eastern Filbert Blight. Cause Anisogramma anomala, a fungus that has infected both hazelnut orchards and home gardens throughout the Pacific North-west.The fungus has a life cycle of 2 or more years including a 12- to 15-month latent period when no symptoms are visible. MAPLE (ACER SPP.)-SOOTY BARK DISEASE The fungus kills the bark, causing it to blister. Dark gray masses that blacken with age, stomata, are formed pushing up the bark. These stomata resemble soot, hence the name sooty bark disease. Once spores disperse, the remaining tissue beneath them looks black. The spores may cause a severe allergic reaction in susceptible people, which has MAPLE (ACER SPP.)-VERTICILLIUM WILT See: Verticillium Wilt in the Pacific Northwest. Cause Samples with Verticillium wilt have dominated the maple problem diagnoses sent to the OSU Plant Clinic. Verticillium dahliae, a soilborne fungus that is almost impossible to eradicate once established in the soil.There are over 300 plant species susceptible to this fungus. It forms microsclerotia that germinate in response to exudates from BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF THE GARDEN SYMPHYLAN Garden symphylan biology. Symphylans exhibit incomplete metamorphosis. Stages include eggs, immatures, and adults, which can be found together throughout most of the year. Males deposit sperm packets on stalks on the soil and the female picks them up and places them in PLANTS RESISTANT OR SUSCEPTIBLE TO VERTICILLIUM WILT Plants Resistant or Susceptible to Verticillium Wilt. Resistant or Immune. Susceptible. Trees. beech . hackberry. mulberry. ash. fringe tree. Prunus spp.. birch. hawthornAPPLE-APPLE MAGGOT
Rhagoletis pomonella. The apple maggot is a small fly native to the northeastern United States and Canada, where it originally fed on hawthorn. It was not until 100 years after apples were introduced to North America that it was found feeding on apples, and today it is a key pest of apples in northeastern regions, where several insecticide sprays are necessary to produce fruit free from maggot MAPLE (ACER SPP.)-SOOTY BARK DISEASE Cause The fungus Cryptostroma corticale has been causing dieback primarily in sycamore maples (Acer pseudoplatanus), although box elders (A. negundo) and Norway maples (A. platanoides) can also become infected.The disease has been found in eastern WA for many years and recently in the Seattle area on sycamore maple, red maple (Acer rubrum) and big leaf maple (A. macrophyllum). MAPLE (ACER SPP.)-VERTICILLIUM WILT See: Verticillium Wilt in the Pacific Northwest. Cause Samples with Verticillium wilt have dominated the maple problem diagnoses sent to the OSU Plant Clinic. Verticillium dahliae, a soilborne fungus that is almost impossible to eradicate once established in the soil.There are over 300 plant species susceptible to this fungus. It forms microsclerotia that germinate in response to exudates from SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS SPP.)-POWDERY MILDEW Cause The fungi, Golovinomyces cichoracearum (formerly Erysiphe cichoracearum), has been reported from Idaho and Washington and G. spadiceus has been reported from Washington. Podosphaera xanthii and G. ambrosiae are also reported to occur on Helianthus spp. in North America.The disease has been found on a single plant sample sent to the OSU Plant Clinic. . The fungus, reported to overwinter RHODODENDRON-PHYTOPHTHORA ROOT ROT Foliage sprays of group P7 fungicides will be translocated down to the roots. Foliar sprays may not be as effective as soil drenches for some root Phytophthora root rot pathogens. Agri-Fos at 1 to 2 quarts/100 gal water. 4-hr reentry. Aliette WDG at 2.5 to 5 lb/100 gal water. Do not use with adjuvants. 12-hr reentry. NINEBARK (PHYSOCARPUS SPP.)-POWDERY MILDEW See: Greenhouse Plants, Ornamental-Powdery Mildew. Cause The fungus Podosphaera physocarpi is reported to infect eastern ninebark ( Physocarpus opulifolius) grown in Oregon. The OSU Plant Clinic has detected this disease on eastern ninebark. The green foliage cultivar Nanus did not develop colonies in a two-year study in CT. DISEASES CAUSED BY PSEUDOMONAS SYRINGE Shoot tip dieback was the most common symptom observed on 40 woody deciduous plants collected from Pacific Northwest nurseries (Canfield, 1986). Pseudomonas syringae was isolated from all plants having the tip dieback symptom. Plants most commonly and most severely affected were maple, dogwood, filbert, blueberry, magnolia, lilac, orientalpear
BLUEBERRY (VACCINIUM CORYMBOSUM)-BOTRYTIS BLIGHT Blueberry (Bluetta) fruit rot due to ripe rot (left side) and Botrytis (right side). Jay W. Pscheidt, 2019. Cause Botrytis cinerea, a fungus that survives as sclerotia (resistant survival structure) and dormant mycelia on dead twigs of bushes and prunings or in fruit left on the bush. It also overwinters as a saprophyte on dead organic matter RHODODENDRON-POWDERY MILDEW A few evergreen cultivars of rhododendron, such as Vulcan''s Flame, have the typical white powdery colonies of powdery mildew. Cleistothecia of Microsphaera azaleae showing the typical multiple but short appendages. Cause The fungus Erysiphe azaleae (formerly Microsphaera azaleae) is found throughout the Pacific Northwest ongarden azalea and
ARBORVITAE (THUJA OCCIDENTALIS)-BLACK FLAGGING Arborvitae (. Thuja occidentalis. )-Black Flagging. Branch tips show a dark brown to black discoloration of the foliage. Melodie Putnam. Cause The absence of disease organisms, insects, or mites associated with this condition suggests the problem is due to stress of some sort. The exact source of stress that results in black flagging isunknown.
BLACKBERRY (RUBUS SPP.)-SEPTORIA LEAF SPOT During the wet early spring, more spores are produced, and these cause many new infections. Symptoms Leaf spots vary from light to dark brown. At first they are about 0.12 inch in diameter and purplish in color. They later turn brown. In older leaf spots, centers are whitish with brown to red borders. RASPBERRY (RUBUS SPP.)-YELLOW RUST When new growth is 3 to 4 inches and again when the first flowers are just about to open. Abound at 6 to 15.5 fl oz/A. Do not apply with silicone-based surfactants. May be applied on the day of harvest. Group 11 fungicide. 4-hr reentry. QuiltXcel at 14 to 21 fl oz/A. Do not use within 30 days of harvest. HAZELNUT, CONTORTED (CORYLUS AVELLANA)-EASTERN FILBERT See: Hazelnut (Corylus avellana)-Eastern Filbert Blight. Cause Anisogramma anomala, a fungus that has infected both hazelnut orchards and home gardens throughout the Pacific North-west.The fungus has a life cycle of 2 or more years including a 12- to 15-month latent period when no symptoms are visible. SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS SPP.)-POWDERY MILDEW Cause The fungi, Golovinomyces cichoracearum (formerly Erysiphe cichoracearum), has been reported from Idaho and Washington and G. spadiceus has been reported from Washington. Podosphaera xanthii and G. ambrosiae are also reported to occur on Helianthus spp. in North America.The disease has been found on a single plant sample sent to the OSU Plant Clinic. . The fungus, reported to overwinter ARBORVITAE (THUJA OCCIDENTALIS)-BLACK FLAGGING Arborvitae (. Thuja occidentalis. )-Black Flagging. Branch tips show a dark brown to black discoloration of the foliage. Melodie Putnam. Cause The absence of disease organisms, insects, or mites associated with this condition suggests the problem is due to stress of some sort. The exact source of stress that results in black flagging isunknown.
DELPHINIUM-BLACK LEAF SPOT The disease is favored by cool, wet weather. Symptoms Irregular to angular, shiny, tar-like black spots appear predominantly on upper leaf surfaces. The same spot usually will be brown on the lower leaf surface. Leaf spots can remain small or enlarge. Numerous leaf spots are common, but sometimes lesions coalesce to form larger leaf spots. SALAL (GAULTHERIA SHALLON)-LEAF SPOTS Phytophthora ramorum (Sudden Oak Death) can also produce necrotic leaf spots and petioles on salal and other Gaultheria sp. This is a quarantined pest so if you suspect you have seen a P. ramorum -infected plant in Oregon, call the Invasive Species Hotline, 1-866-INVADER (1-866-468-2337). Most fungal leaf spots are favored bywet weather that
GOOSEBERRY AND CURRANT (RIBES SPP.)-BLISTER RUST Gooseberry and Currant (. Ribes. spp.)-Blister Rust. Lesions are angular and can contain either orange uredinia or black to brownish telia. Signs and symptoms develop on the underside of the leaves while only symptoms develop on the topside. Richard A. Sniezko, 2015. Later in the growing season, brownish hair-like structures (telia) develop GREEN SUCKER CONTROL IN HAZELNUTS 2,4-D (Saber or Orchard Master) Rate 0.7 to 0.95 lb ae/a (1.5 to 2 pints/a Saber) Time Apply in 100 gal/a water; add nonionic spreader-sticker. Apply to suckers 6 to 9 inches long. Remarks Spray to runoff as needed, up to four times per year from April throughAugust. Use
PLANTS RESISTANT OR SUSCEPTIBLE TO VERTICILLIUM WILT Plants Resistant or Susceptible to Verticillium Wilt. Resistant or Immune. Susceptible. Trees. beech . hackberry. mulberry. ash. fringe tree. Prunus spp.. birch. hawthorn PLANTS RESISTANT OR SUSCEPTIBLE TO ARMILLARIA ROOT ROT Plants Resistant or Susceptible to Armillaria Root Rot. Trees. Resistant. Susceptible. incense cedar. pines (MI) larch. arborvitae (HI) Scots pine (MI) cedar (HI) RASPBERRY (RUBUS SPP.)-YELLOW RUST When new growth is 3 to 4 inches and again when the first flowers are just about to open. Abound at 6 to 15.5 fl oz/A. Do not apply with silicone-based surfactants. May be applied on the day of harvest. Group 11 fungicide. 4-hr reentry. QuiltXcel at 14 to 21 fl oz/A. Do not use within 30 days of harvest. HAZELNUT, CONTORTED (CORYLUS AVELLANA)-EASTERN FILBERT See: Hazelnut (Corylus avellana)-Eastern Filbert Blight. Cause Anisogramma anomala, a fungus that has infected both hazelnut orchards and home gardens throughout the Pacific North-west.The fungus has a life cycle of 2 or more years including a 12- to 15-month latent period when no symptoms are visible. SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS SPP.)-POWDERY MILDEW Cause The fungi, Golovinomyces cichoracearum (formerly Erysiphe cichoracearum), has been reported from Idaho and Washington and G. spadiceus has been reported from Washington. Podosphaera xanthii and G. ambrosiae are also reported to occur on Helianthus spp. in North America.The disease has been found on a single plant sample sent to the OSU Plant Clinic. . The fungus, reported to overwinter ARBORVITAE (THUJA OCCIDENTALIS)-BLACK FLAGGING Arborvitae (. Thuja occidentalis. )-Black Flagging. Branch tips show a dark brown to black discoloration of the foliage. Melodie Putnam. Cause The absence of disease organisms, insects, or mites associated with this condition suggests the problem is due to stress of some sort. The exact source of stress that results in black flagging isunknown.
DELPHINIUM-BLACK LEAF SPOT The disease is favored by cool, wet weather. Symptoms Irregular to angular, shiny, tar-like black spots appear predominantly on upper leaf surfaces. The same spot usually will be brown on the lower leaf surface. Leaf spots can remain small or enlarge. Numerous leaf spots are common, but sometimes lesions coalesce to form larger leaf spots. SALAL (GAULTHERIA SHALLON)-LEAF SPOTS Phytophthora ramorum (Sudden Oak Death) can also produce necrotic leaf spots and petioles on salal and other Gaultheria sp. This is a quarantined pest so if you suspect you have seen a P. ramorum -infected plant in Oregon, call the Invasive Species Hotline, 1-866-INVADER (1-866-468-2337). Most fungal leaf spots are favored bywet weather that
GOOSEBERRY AND CURRANT (RIBES SPP.)-BLISTER RUST Gooseberry and Currant (. Ribes. spp.)-Blister Rust. Lesions are angular and can contain either orange uredinia or black to brownish telia. Signs and symptoms develop on the underside of the leaves while only symptoms develop on the topside. Richard A. Sniezko, 2015. Later in the growing season, brownish hair-like structures (telia) develop GREEN SUCKER CONTROL IN HAZELNUTS 2,4-D (Saber or Orchard Master) Rate 0.7 to 0.95 lb ae/a (1.5 to 2 pints/a Saber) Time Apply in 100 gal/a water; add nonionic spreader-sticker. Apply to suckers 6 to 9 inches long. Remarks Spray to runoff as needed, up to four times per year from April throughAugust. Use
PLANTS RESISTANT OR SUSCEPTIBLE TO VERTICILLIUM WILT Plants Resistant or Susceptible to Verticillium Wilt. Resistant or Immune. Susceptible. Trees. beech . hackberry. mulberry. ash. fringe tree. Prunus spp.. birch. hawthorn PLANTS RESISTANT OR SUSCEPTIBLE TO ARMILLARIA ROOT ROT Plants Resistant or Susceptible to Armillaria Root Rot. Trees. Resistant. Susceptible. incense cedar. pines (MI) larch. arborvitae (HI) Scots pine (MI) cedar (HI) HAZELNUT, CONTORTED (CORYLUS AVELLANA)-EASTERN FILBERT See: Hazelnut (Corylus avellana)-Eastern Filbert Blight. Cause Anisogramma anomala, a fungus that has infected both hazelnut orchards and home gardens throughout the Pacific North-west.The fungus has a life cycle of 2 or more years including a 12- to 15-month latent period when no symptoms are visible. ORCHID-VIRUS DISEASES Cause There are over 27 viruses reported to infect orchids. The two most important are Cymbidium mosaic virus, which has been found to infect 56 genera of orchids, and Odontoglossum ringspot virus (formerly the orchid strain of Tobacco mosaic virus), which has been reported from 20 orchid genera.Mixed infections of both viruses are common. Both viruses are transmitted by means not SALAL (GAULTHERIA SHALLON)-LEAF SPOTS Phytophthora ramorum (Sudden Oak Death) can also produce necrotic leaf spots and petioles on salal and other Gaultheria sp. This is a quarantined pest so if you suspect you have seen a P. ramorum -infected plant in Oregon, call the Invasive Species Hotline, 1-866-INVADER (1-866-468-2337). Most fungal leaf spots are favored bywet weather that
PLANTS RESISTANT OR SUSCEPTIBLE TO ARMILLARIA ROOT ROT Plants Resistant or Susceptible to Armillaria Root Rot. Trees. Resistant. Susceptible. incense cedar. pines (MI) larch. arborvitae (HI) Scots pine (MI) cedar (HI) MAPLE (ACER SPP.)-POWDERY MILDEW Cause Phyllactinia marissallii, a fungus that attacks only maple. Sawadaea bicornis has been found in Washington and Idaho on Norway maple and S. tulansnei has been found in Idaho and Oregon on Norway maple. A species in the genus Sawadaea has been found in lower mainland British Columbia (on big leaf maple). In Idaho, powdery mildew seems to be restricted to Acer platanoides in northern Idaho GOOSEBERRY AND CURRANT (RIBES SPP.)-BLISTER RUST Gooseberry and Currant (. Ribes. spp.)-Blister Rust. Lesions are angular and can contain either orange uredinia or black to brownish telia. Signs and symptoms develop on the underside of the leaves while only symptoms develop on the topside. Richard A. Sniezko, 2015. Later in the growing season, brownish hair-like structures (telia) develop SPRAY-TANK ADJUVANTS Spray-tank adjuvants usually are added to the spray tank at the time of mixing. They are meant to complement the formulation adjuvants (inert ingredients in the pesticide formulation). Spray tank adjuvants represent diverse and complex chemical types, which include the following: Oils. Petroleum oils (paraffin and naphtha based) PEAR (PYRUS SPP.)-PSEUDOMONAS BLOSSOM BLAST AND DIEBACK Cause Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, a bacterium.Rain and low temperatures, especially frost-inducing temperatures during bloom, increase incidence of blossom infection. Although the bacteria survive on the outside of the plant they must get inside and multiply in the space between plant cells (apoplast) to cause disease. RHODODENDRON-POWDERY MILDEW A few evergreen cultivars of rhododendron, such as Vulcan''s Flame, have the typical white powdery colonies of powdery mildew. Cleistothecia of Microsphaera azaleae showing the typical multiple but short appendages. Cause The fungus Erysiphe azaleae (formerly Microsphaera azaleae) is found throughout the Pacific Northwest ongarden azalea and
WOAD, DYER'S (ISATIS TINCTORIA) 2,4-D LV ester . Rate 1.9 to 2.85 lb ae/a. Time Apply in spring or fall to rosettes, or in early summer when plant is in bud.. Remarks For satisfactory control, it may be necessary to treat infested areas during both the rosette and bud stages of growth.. Caution Avoid drift to sensitive crops.. Site of action Group 4: synthetic auxin. Chemical family Phenoxy acetic acid PACIFIC NORTHWEST PEST MANAGEMENT HANDBOOKSINSECTPLANT DISEASEWEEDPESTICIDE SAFETYORDER PRINTED HANDBOOKAGRONOMIC CROPS In case of emergency Call your poison control center: 1-800-222-1222 If the patient has collapsed or is not breathing: call 9-1-1 PesticideSafety Information
RASPBERRY (RUBUS SPP.)-YELLOW RUST When new growth is 3 to 4 inches and again when the first flowers are just about to open. Abound at 6 to 15.5 fl oz/A. Do not apply with silicone-based surfactants. May be applied on the day of harvest. Group 11 fungicide. 4-hr reentry. QuiltXcel at 14 to 21 fl COPPER-BASED BACTERICIDES AND FUNGICIDES Copper-based Bactericides and Fungicides. Copper pesticides are a group of many different compounds that have some form of copper in common as the active ingredient. These compounds have protectant activity against several bacterial and fungal diseases. Although copper pesticides are one of the oldest class of fungicides (FRACgroup M1), they
HAZELNUT, CONTORTED (CORYLUS AVELLANA)-EASTERN FILBERT See: Hazelnut (Corylus avellana)-Eastern Filbert Blight. Cause Anisogramma anomala, a fungus that has infected both hazelnut orchards and home gardens throughout the Pacific North-west.The fungus has a life cycle of 2 or more years including a 12- to 15-month latent period when no symptoms are visible. MAPLE (ACER SPP.)-SOOTY BARK DISEASE The fungus kills the bark, causing it to blister. Dark gray masses that blacken with age, stomata, are formed pushing up the bark. These stomata resemble soot, hence the name sooty bark disease. Once spores disperse, the remaining tissue beneath them looks black. The spores may cause a severe allergic reaction in susceptible people, which has WALNUT-WALNUT HUSK FLY Pest description and crop damage The walnut husk fly is the most important pest of walnuts in the Pacific Northwest. This pest is native to the south-central United States, but is now widespread throughout western North America. The walnut husk fly is about the size of a housefly. It has a yellow spot just below the areas wherethe wings are
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF THE GARDEN SYMPHYLAN Garden symphylan biology. Symphylans exhibit incomplete metamorphosis. Stages include eggs, immatures, and adults, which can be found together throughout most of the year. Males deposit sperm packets on stalks on the soil and the female picks them up and places them in DISEASES CAUSED BY PSEUDOMONAS SYRINGE Shoot tip dieback was the most common symptom observed on 40 woody deciduous plants collected from Pacific Northwest nurseries (Canfield, 1986). Pseudomonas syringae was isolated from all plants having the tip dieback symptom. Plants most commonly and most severely affected were maple, dogwood, filbert, blueberry, magnolia, lilac, orientalpear
PLANTS RESISTANT OR SUSCEPTIBLE TO VERTICILLIUM WILT Plants Resistant or Susceptible to Verticillium Wilt. Resistant or Immune. Susceptible. Trees. beech . hackberry. mulberry. ash. fringe tree. Prunus spp.. birch. hawthorn PLANTS RESISTANT OR SUSCEPTIBLE TO ARMILLARIA ROOT ROT Plants Resistant or Susceptible to Armillaria Root Rot. Trees. Resistant. Susceptible. incense cedar. pines (MI) larch. arborvitae (HI) Scots pine (MI) cedar (HI) PACIFIC NORTHWEST PEST MANAGEMENT HANDBOOKSINSECTPLANT DISEASEWEEDPESTICIDE SAFETYORDER PRINTED HANDBOOKAGRONOMIC CROPS In case of emergency Call your poison control center: 1-800-222-1222 If the patient has collapsed or is not breathing: call 9-1-1 PesticideSafety Information
RASPBERRY (RUBUS SPP.)-YELLOW RUST When new growth is 3 to 4 inches and again when the first flowers are just about to open. Abound at 6 to 15.5 fl oz/A. Do not apply with silicone-based surfactants. May be applied on the day of harvest. Group 11 fungicide. 4-hr reentry. QuiltXcel at 14 to 21 fl COPPER-BASED BACTERICIDES AND FUNGICIDES Copper-based Bactericides and Fungicides. Copper pesticides are a group of many different compounds that have some form of copper in common as the active ingredient. These compounds have protectant activity against several bacterial and fungal diseases. Although copper pesticides are one of the oldest class of fungicides (FRACgroup M1), they
HAZELNUT, CONTORTED (CORYLUS AVELLANA)-EASTERN FILBERT See: Hazelnut (Corylus avellana)-Eastern Filbert Blight. Cause Anisogramma anomala, a fungus that has infected both hazelnut orchards and home gardens throughout the Pacific North-west.The fungus has a life cycle of 2 or more years including a 12- to 15-month latent period when no symptoms are visible. MAPLE (ACER SPP.)-SOOTY BARK DISEASE The fungus kills the bark, causing it to blister. Dark gray masses that blacken with age, stomata, are formed pushing up the bark. These stomata resemble soot, hence the name sooty bark disease. Once spores disperse, the remaining tissue beneath them looks black. The spores may cause a severe allergic reaction in susceptible people, which has WALNUT-WALNUT HUSK FLY Pest description and crop damage The walnut husk fly is the most important pest of walnuts in the Pacific Northwest. This pest is native to the south-central United States, but is now widespread throughout western North America. The walnut husk fly is about the size of a housefly. It has a yellow spot just below the areas wherethe wings are
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF THE GARDEN SYMPHYLAN Garden symphylan biology. Symphylans exhibit incomplete metamorphosis. Stages include eggs, immatures, and adults, which can be found together throughout most of the year. Males deposit sperm packets on stalks on the soil and the female picks them up and places them in DISEASES CAUSED BY PSEUDOMONAS SYRINGE Shoot tip dieback was the most common symptom observed on 40 woody deciduous plants collected from Pacific Northwest nurseries (Canfield, 1986). Pseudomonas syringae was isolated from all plants having the tip dieback symptom. Plants most commonly and most severely affected were maple, dogwood, filbert, blueberry, magnolia, lilac, orientalpear
PLANTS RESISTANT OR SUSCEPTIBLE TO VERTICILLIUM WILT Plants Resistant or Susceptible to Verticillium Wilt. Resistant or Immune. Susceptible. Trees. beech . hackberry. mulberry. ash. fringe tree. Prunus spp.. birch. hawthorn PLANTS RESISTANT OR SUSCEPTIBLE TO ARMILLARIA ROOT ROT Plants Resistant or Susceptible to Armillaria Root Rot. Trees. Resistant. Susceptible. incense cedar. pines (MI) larch. arborvitae (HI) Scots pine (MI) cedar (HI) COPPER-BASED BACTERICIDES AND FUNGICIDES Copper-based Bactericides and Fungicides. Copper pesticides are a group of many different compounds that have some form of copper in common as the active ingredient. These compounds have protectant activity against several bacterial and fungal diseases. Although copper pesticides are one of the oldest class of fungicides (FRACgroup M1), they
ORCHID-VIRUS DISEASES Cause There are over 27 viruses reported to infect orchids. The two most important are Cymbidium mosaic virus, which has been found to infect 56 genera of orchids, and Odontoglossum ringspot virus (formerly the orchid strain of Tobacco mosaic virus), which has been reported from 20 orchid genera.Mixed infections of both viruses are common. Both viruses are transmitted by means not DELPHINIUM-BLACK LEAF SPOT The disease is favored by cool, wet weather. Symptoms Irregular to angular, shiny, tar-like black spots appear predominantly on upper leaf surfaces. The same spot usually will be brown on the lower leaf surface. Leaf spots can remain small or enlarge. Numerous leaf spots are common, but sometimes lesions coalesce to form larger leaf spots. DISEASES CAUSED BY PSEUDOMONAS SYRINGE Shoot tip dieback was the most common symptom observed on 40 woody deciduous plants collected from Pacific Northwest nurseries (Canfield, 1986). Pseudomonas syringae was isolated from all plants having the tip dieback symptom. Plants most commonly and most severely affected were maple, dogwood, filbert, blueberry, magnolia, lilac, orientalpear
MAPLE (ACER SPP.)-VERTICILLIUM WILT See: Verticillium Wilt in the Pacific Northwest. Cause Samples with Verticillium wilt have dominated the maple problem diagnoses sent to the OSU Plant Clinic. Verticillium dahliae, a soilborne fungus that is almost impossible to eradicate once established in the soil.There are over 300 plant species susceptible to this fungus. It forms microsclerotia that germinate in response to exudates from SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS SPP.)-POWDERY MILDEW Cause The fungi, Golovinomyces cichoracearum (formerly Erysiphe cichoracearum), has been reported from Idaho and Washington and G. spadiceus has been reported from Washington. Podosphaera xanthii and G. ambrosiae are also reported to occur on Helianthus spp. in North America.The disease has been found on a single plant sample sent to the OSU Plant Clinic. . The fungus, reported to overwinter PRUNUS LAUROCERASUS-LEAF SPOTS AND SHOTHOLE See: Peach (Prunus persica)-Shothole. Cause Shothole symptoms are commonly observed on Prunus spp. and can be caused by a variety of factors. Development of the shothole symptom is in response to mechanical, chemical, or pathogen injury. There is the formation of meristematic tissue around the injury that becomes lignified or suberized to form a physical and biochemical barrier that, in the NINEBARK (PHYSOCARPUS SPP.)-POWDERY MILDEW See: Greenhouse Plants, Ornamental-Powdery Mildew. Cause The fungus Podosphaera physocarpi is reported to infect eastern ninebark ( Physocarpus opulifolius) grown in Oregon. The OSU Plant Clinic has detected this disease on eastern ninebark. The green foliage cultivar Nanus did not develop colonies in a two-year study in CT. RHODODENDRON-POWDERY MILDEW A few evergreen cultivars of rhododendron, such as Vulcan''s Flame, have the typical white powdery colonies of powdery mildew. Cleistothecia of Microsphaera azaleae showing the typical multiple but short appendages. Cause The fungus Erysiphe azaleae (formerly Microsphaera azaleae) is found throughout the Pacific Northwest ongarden azalea and
APPLE-CODLING MOTH
Cydia pomonella. Pest description and crop damage This is the most serious pest of apples in the PNW. Adult moths are 0.5 inch wide, with alternating gray and white bands on the wings and a copper band on the wing tips. Larvae are whitish with a black head when immature, and PACIFIC NORTHWEST PEST MANAGEMENT HANDBOOKSINSECTPLANT DISEASEWEEDPESTICIDE SAFETYORDER PRINTED HANDBOOKAGRONOMIC CROPS In case of emergency Call your poison control center: 1-800-222-1222 If the patient has collapsed or is not breathing: call 9-1-1 PesticideSafety Information
RASPBERRY (RUBUS SPP.)-YELLOW RUST When new growth is 3 to 4 inches and again when the first flowers are just about to open. Abound at 6 to 15.5 fl oz/A. Do not apply with silicone-based surfactants. May be applied on the day of harvest. Group 11 fungicide. 4-hr reentry. QuiltXcel at 14 to 21 fl INSECT MANAGEMENT HANDBOOK Insect Management Handbook. This handbook is intended as a tool for making decisions regarding the control and management of important insect pests in the Pacific Northwest. Originally, it was written for commercial growers, county extension agents, consultants, field COPPER-BASED BACTERICIDES AND FUNGICIDES Copper-based Bactericides and Fungicides. Copper pesticides are a group of many different compounds that have some form of copper in common as the active ingredient. These compounds have protectant activity against several bacterial and fungal diseases. Although copper pesticides are one of the oldest class of fungicides (FRACgroup M1), they
HAZELNUT, CONTORTED (CORYLUS AVELLANA)-EASTERN FILBERT See: Hazelnut (Corylus avellana)-Eastern Filbert Blight. Cause Anisogramma anomala, a fungus that has infected both hazelnut orchards and home gardens throughout the Pacific North-west.The fungus has a life cycle of 2 or more years including a 12- to 15-month latent period when no symptoms are visible. RHODODENDRON-POWDERY MILDEW A few evergreen cultivars of rhododendron, such as Vulcan''s Flame, have the typical white powdery colonies of powdery mildew. Cleistothecia of Microsphaera azaleae showing the typical multiple but short appendages. Cause The fungus Erysiphe azaleae (formerly Microsphaera azaleae) is found throughout the Pacific Northwest ongarden azalea and
WALNUT-WALNUT HUSK FLY Pest description and crop damage The walnut husk fly is the most important pest of walnuts in the Pacific Northwest. This pest is native to the south-central United States, but is now widespread throughout western North America. The walnut husk fly is about the size of a housefly. It has a yellow spot just below the areas wherethe wings are
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF THE GARDEN SYMPHYLAN Garden symphylan biology. Symphylans exhibit incomplete metamorphosis. Stages include eggs, immatures, and adults, which can be found together throughout most of the year. Males deposit sperm packets on stalks on the soil and the female picks them up and places them in PLANTS RESISTANT OR SUSCEPTIBLE TO VERTICILLIUM WILT Plants Resistant or Susceptible to Verticillium Wilt. Resistant or Immune. Susceptible. Trees. beech . hackberry. mulberry. ash. fringe tree. Prunus spp.. birch. hawthorn PLANTS RESISTANT OR SUSCEPTIBLE TO ARMILLARIA ROOT ROT Plants Resistant or Susceptible to Armillaria Root Rot. Trees. Resistant. Susceptible. incense cedar. pines (MI) larch. arborvitae (HI) Scots pine (MI) cedar (HI) PACIFIC NORTHWEST PEST MANAGEMENT HANDBOOKSINSECTPLANT DISEASEWEEDPESTICIDE SAFETYORDER PRINTED HANDBOOKAGRONOMIC CROPS In case of emergency Call your poison control center: 1-800-222-1222 If the patient has collapsed or is not breathing: call 9-1-1 PesticideSafety Information
RASPBERRY (RUBUS SPP.)-YELLOW RUST When new growth is 3 to 4 inches and again when the first flowers are just about to open. Abound at 6 to 15.5 fl oz/A. Do not apply with silicone-based surfactants. May be applied on the day of harvest. Group 11 fungicide. 4-hr reentry. QuiltXcel at 14 to 21 fl INSECT MANAGEMENT HANDBOOK Insect Management Handbook. This handbook is intended as a tool for making decisions regarding the control and management of important insect pests in the Pacific Northwest. Originally, it was written for commercial growers, county extension agents, consultants, field COPPER-BASED BACTERICIDES AND FUNGICIDES Copper-based Bactericides and Fungicides. Copper pesticides are a group of many different compounds that have some form of copper in common as the active ingredient. These compounds have protectant activity against several bacterial and fungal diseases. Although copper pesticides are one of the oldest class of fungicides (FRACgroup M1), they
HAZELNUT, CONTORTED (CORYLUS AVELLANA)-EASTERN FILBERT See: Hazelnut (Corylus avellana)-Eastern Filbert Blight. Cause Anisogramma anomala, a fungus that has infected both hazelnut orchards and home gardens throughout the Pacific North-west.The fungus has a life cycle of 2 or more years including a 12- to 15-month latent period when no symptoms are visible. RHODODENDRON-POWDERY MILDEW A few evergreen cultivars of rhododendron, such as Vulcan''s Flame, have the typical white powdery colonies of powdery mildew. Cleistothecia of Microsphaera azaleae showing the typical multiple but short appendages. Cause The fungus Erysiphe azaleae (formerly Microsphaera azaleae) is found throughout the Pacific Northwest ongarden azalea and
WALNUT-WALNUT HUSK FLY Pest description and crop damage The walnut husk fly is the most important pest of walnuts in the Pacific Northwest. This pest is native to the south-central United States, but is now widespread throughout western North America. The walnut husk fly is about the size of a housefly. It has a yellow spot just below the areas wherethe wings are
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF THE GARDEN SYMPHYLAN Garden symphylan biology. Symphylans exhibit incomplete metamorphosis. Stages include eggs, immatures, and adults, which can be found together throughout most of the year. Males deposit sperm packets on stalks on the soil and the female picks them up and places them in PLANTS RESISTANT OR SUSCEPTIBLE TO VERTICILLIUM WILT Plants Resistant or Susceptible to Verticillium Wilt. Resistant or Immune. Susceptible. Trees. beech . hackberry. mulberry. ash. fringe tree. Prunus spp.. birch. hawthorn PLANTS RESISTANT OR SUSCEPTIBLE TO ARMILLARIA ROOT ROT Plants Resistant or Susceptible to Armillaria Root Rot. Trees. Resistant. Susceptible. incense cedar. pines (MI) larch. arborvitae (HI) Scots pine (MI) cedar (HI) COPPER-BASED BACTERICIDES AND FUNGICIDES Copper-based Bactericides and Fungicides. Copper pesticides are a group of many different compounds that have some form of copper in common as the active ingredient. These compounds have protectant activity against several bacterial and fungal diseases. Although copper pesticides are one of the oldest class of fungicides (FRACgroup M1), they
NINEBARK (PHYSOCARPUS SPP.)-POWDERY MILDEW See: Greenhouse Plants, Ornamental-Powdery Mildew. Cause The fungus Podosphaera physocarpi is reported to infect eastern ninebark (Physocarpus opulifolius) grown in Oregon.The OSU Plant Clinic has detected this disease on eastern ninebark. The green foliage cultivar Nanus did not develop colonies in a two-year study in CT. SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS SPP.)-POWDERY MILDEW Cause The fungi, Golovinomyces cichoracearum (formerly Erysiphe cichoracearum), has been reported from Idaho and Washington and G. spadiceus has been reported from Washington. Podosphaera xanthii and G. ambrosiae are also reported to occur on Helianthus spp. in North America.The disease has been found on a single plant sample sent to the OSU Plant Clinic. . The fungus, reported to overwinter RHODODENDRON-POWDERY MILDEW A few evergreen cultivars of rhododendron, such as Vulcan''s Flame, have the typical white powdery colonies of powdery mildew. Cleistothecia of Microsphaera azaleae showing the typical multiple but short appendages. Cause The fungus Erysiphe azaleae (formerly Microsphaera azaleae) is found throughout the Pacific Northwest ongarden azalea and
ORCHID-VIRUS DISEASES Cause There are over 27 viruses reported to infect orchids. The two most important are Cymbidium mosaic virus, which has been found to infect 56 genera of orchids, and Odontoglossum ringspot virus (formerly the orchid strain of Tobacco mosaic virus), which has been reported from 20 orchid genera.Mixed infections of both viruses are common. Both viruses are transmitted by means not MAPLE (ACER SPP.)-SOOTY BARK DISEASE The fungus kills the bark, causing it to blister. Dark gray masses that blacken with age, stomata, are formed pushing up the bark. These stomata resemble soot, hence the name sooty bark disease. Once spores disperse, the remaining tissue beneath them looks black. The spores may cause a severe allergic reaction in susceptible people, which has DELPHINIUM-BLACK LEAF SPOT The disease is favored by cool, wet weather. Symptoms Irregular to angular, shiny, tar-like black spots appear predominantly on upper leaf surfaces. The same spot usually will be brown on the lower leaf surface. Leaf spots can remain small or enlarge. Numerous leaf spots are common, but sometimes lesions coalesce to form larger leaf spots. MAPLE (ACER SPP.)-VERTICILLIUM WILT See: Verticillium Wilt in the Pacific Northwest. Cause Samples with Verticillium wilt have dominated the maple problem diagnoses sent to the OSU Plant Clinic. Verticillium dahliae, a soilborne fungus that is almost impossible to eradicate once established in the soil.There are over 300 plant species susceptible to this fungus. It forms microsclerotia that germinate in response to exudates from PRUNUS LAUROCERASUS-LEAF SPOTS AND SHOTHOLE See: Peach (Prunus persica)-Shothole. Cause Shothole symptoms are commonly observed on Prunus spp. and can be caused by a variety of factors. Development of the shothole symptom is in response to mechanical, chemical, or pathogen injury. There is the formation of meristematic tissue around the injury that becomes lignified or suberized to form a physical and biochemical barrier that, in theAPPLE-CODLING MOTH
Cydia pomonella. Pest description and crop damage This is the most serious pest of apples in the PNW. Adult moths are 0.5 inch wide, with alternating gray and white bands on the wings and a copper band on the wing tips. Larvae are whitish with a black head when immature, and PACIFIC NORTHWEST PEST MANAGEMENT HANDBOOKSINSECTPLANT DISEASEWEEDPESTICIDE SAFETYORDER PRINTED HANDBOOKAGRONOMIC CROPS In case of emergency Call your poison control center: 1-800-222-1222 If the patient has collapsed or is not breathing: call 9-1-1 PesticideSafety Information
RASPBERRY (RUBUS SPP.)-YELLOW RUST When new growth is 3 to 4 inches and again when the first flowers are just about to open. Abound at 6 to 15.5 fl oz/A. Do not apply with silicone-based surfactants. May be applied on the day of harvest. Group 11 fungicide. 4-hr reentry. QuiltXcel at 14 to 21 fl INSECT MANAGEMENT HANDBOOK Insect Management Handbook. This handbook is intended as a tool for making decisions regarding the control and management of important insect pests in the Pacific Northwest. Originally, it was written for commercial growers, county extension agents, consultants, field COPPER-BASED BACTERICIDES AND FUNGICIDES Copper-based Bactericides and Fungicides. Copper pesticides are a group of many different compounds that have some form of copper in common as the active ingredient. These compounds have protectant activity against several bacterial and fungal diseases. Although copper pesticides are one of the oldest class of fungicides (FRACgroup M1), they
HAZELNUT, CONTORTED (CORYLUS AVELLANA)-EASTERN FILBERT See: Hazelnut (Corylus avellana)-Eastern Filbert Blight. Cause Anisogramma anomala, a fungus that has infected both hazelnut orchards and home gardens throughout the Pacific North-west.The fungus has a life cycle of 2 or more years including a 12- to 15-month latent period when no symptoms are visible. RHODODENDRON-POWDERY MILDEW A few evergreen cultivars of rhododendron, such as Vulcan''s Flame, have the typical white powdery colonies of powdery mildew. Cleistothecia of Microsphaera azaleae showing the typical multiple but short appendages. Cause The fungus Erysiphe azaleae (formerly Microsphaera azaleae) is found throughout the Pacific Northwest ongarden azalea and
WALNUT-WALNUT HUSK FLY Pest description and crop damage The walnut husk fly is the most important pest of walnuts in the Pacific Northwest. This pest is native to the south-central United States, but is now widespread throughout western North America. The walnut husk fly is about the size of a housefly. It has a yellow spot just below the areas wherethe wings are
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF THE GARDEN SYMPHYLAN Garden symphylan biology. Symphylans exhibit incomplete metamorphosis. Stages include eggs, immatures, and adults, which can be found together throughout most of the year. Males deposit sperm packets on stalks on the soil and the female picks them up and places them in PLANTS RESISTANT OR SUSCEPTIBLE TO VERTICILLIUM WILT Plants Resistant or Susceptible to Verticillium Wilt. Resistant or Immune. Susceptible. Trees. beech . hackberry. mulberry. ash. fringe tree. Prunus spp.. birch. hawthorn PLANTS RESISTANT OR SUSCEPTIBLE TO ARMILLARIA ROOT ROT Plants Resistant or Susceptible to Armillaria Root Rot. Trees. Resistant. Susceptible. incense cedar. pines (MI) larch. arborvitae (HI) Scots pine (MI) cedar (HI) PACIFIC NORTHWEST PEST MANAGEMENT HANDBOOKSINSECTPLANT DISEASEWEEDPESTICIDE SAFETYORDER PRINTED HANDBOOKAGRONOMIC CROPS In case of emergency Call your poison control center: 1-800-222-1222 If the patient has collapsed or is not breathing: call 9-1-1 PesticideSafety Information
RASPBERRY (RUBUS SPP.)-YELLOW RUST When new growth is 3 to 4 inches and again when the first flowers are just about to open. Abound at 6 to 15.5 fl oz/A. Do not apply with silicone-based surfactants. May be applied on the day of harvest. Group 11 fungicide. 4-hr reentry. QuiltXcel at 14 to 21 fl INSECT MANAGEMENT HANDBOOK Insect Management Handbook. This handbook is intended as a tool for making decisions regarding the control and management of important insect pests in the Pacific Northwest. Originally, it was written for commercial growers, county extension agents, consultants, field COPPER-BASED BACTERICIDES AND FUNGICIDES Copper-based Bactericides and Fungicides. Copper pesticides are a group of many different compounds that have some form of copper in common as the active ingredient. These compounds have protectant activity against several bacterial and fungal diseases. Although copper pesticides are one of the oldest class of fungicides (FRACgroup M1), they
HAZELNUT, CONTORTED (CORYLUS AVELLANA)-EASTERN FILBERT See: Hazelnut (Corylus avellana)-Eastern Filbert Blight. Cause Anisogramma anomala, a fungus that has infected both hazelnut orchards and home gardens throughout the Pacific North-west.The fungus has a life cycle of 2 or more years including a 12- to 15-month latent period when no symptoms are visible. RHODODENDRON-POWDERY MILDEW A few evergreen cultivars of rhododendron, such as Vulcan''s Flame, have the typical white powdery colonies of powdery mildew. Cleistothecia of Microsphaera azaleae showing the typical multiple but short appendages. Cause The fungus Erysiphe azaleae (formerly Microsphaera azaleae) is found throughout the Pacific Northwest ongarden azalea and
WALNUT-WALNUT HUSK FLY Pest description and crop damage The walnut husk fly is the most important pest of walnuts in the Pacific Northwest. This pest is native to the south-central United States, but is now widespread throughout western North America. The walnut husk fly is about the size of a housefly. It has a yellow spot just below the areas wherethe wings are
BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF THE GARDEN SYMPHYLAN Garden symphylan biology. Symphylans exhibit incomplete metamorphosis. Stages include eggs, immatures, and adults, which can be found together throughout most of the year. Males deposit sperm packets on stalks on the soil and the female picks them up and places them in PLANTS RESISTANT OR SUSCEPTIBLE TO VERTICILLIUM WILT Plants Resistant or Susceptible to Verticillium Wilt. Resistant or Immune. Susceptible. Trees. beech . hackberry. mulberry. ash. fringe tree. Prunus spp.. birch. hawthorn PLANTS RESISTANT OR SUSCEPTIBLE TO ARMILLARIA ROOT ROT Plants Resistant or Susceptible to Armillaria Root Rot. Trees. Resistant. Susceptible. incense cedar. pines (MI) larch. arborvitae (HI) Scots pine (MI) cedar (HI) COPPER-BASED BACTERICIDES AND FUNGICIDES Copper-based Bactericides and Fungicides. Copper pesticides are a group of many different compounds that have some form of copper in common as the active ingredient. These compounds have protectant activity against several bacterial and fungal diseases. Although copper pesticides are one of the oldest class of fungicides (FRACgroup M1), they
NINEBARK (PHYSOCARPUS SPP.)-POWDERY MILDEW See: Greenhouse Plants, Ornamental-Powdery Mildew. Cause The fungus Podosphaera physocarpi is reported to infect eastern ninebark (Physocarpus opulifolius) grown in Oregon.The OSU Plant Clinic has detected this disease on eastern ninebark. The green foliage cultivar Nanus did not develop colonies in a two-year study in CT. SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS SPP.)-POWDERY MILDEW Cause The fungi, Golovinomyces cichoracearum (formerly Erysiphe cichoracearum), has been reported from Idaho and Washington and G. spadiceus has been reported from Washington. Podosphaera xanthii and G. ambrosiae are also reported to occur on Helianthus spp. in North America.The disease has been found on a single plant sample sent to the OSU Plant Clinic. . The fungus, reported to overwinter RHODODENDRON-POWDERY MILDEW A few evergreen cultivars of rhododendron, such as Vulcan''s Flame, have the typical white powdery colonies of powdery mildew. Cleistothecia of Microsphaera azaleae showing the typical multiple but short appendages. Cause The fungus Erysiphe azaleae (formerly Microsphaera azaleae) is found throughout the Pacific Northwest ongarden azalea and
ORCHID-VIRUS DISEASES Cause There are over 27 viruses reported to infect orchids. The two most important are Cymbidium mosaic virus, which has been found to infect 56 genera of orchids, and Odontoglossum ringspot virus (formerly the orchid strain of Tobacco mosaic virus), which has been reported from 20 orchid genera.Mixed infections of both viruses are common. Both viruses are transmitted by means not MAPLE (ACER SPP.)-SOOTY BARK DISEASE The fungus kills the bark, causing it to blister. Dark gray masses that blacken with age, stomata, are formed pushing up the bark. These stomata resemble soot, hence the name sooty bark disease. Once spores disperse, the remaining tissue beneath them looks black. The spores may cause a severe allergic reaction in susceptible people, which has DELPHINIUM-BLACK LEAF SPOT The disease is favored by cool, wet weather. Symptoms Irregular to angular, shiny, tar-like black spots appear predominantly on upper leaf surfaces. The same spot usually will be brown on the lower leaf surface. Leaf spots can remain small or enlarge. Numerous leaf spots are common, but sometimes lesions coalesce to form larger leaf spots. MAPLE (ACER SPP.)-VERTICILLIUM WILT See: Verticillium Wilt in the Pacific Northwest. Cause Samples with Verticillium wilt have dominated the maple problem diagnoses sent to the OSU Plant Clinic. Verticillium dahliae, a soilborne fungus that is almost impossible to eradicate once established in the soil.There are over 300 plant species susceptible to this fungus. It forms microsclerotia that germinate in response to exudates from PRUNUS LAUROCERASUS-LEAF SPOTS AND SHOTHOLE See: Peach (Prunus persica)-Shothole. Cause Shothole symptoms are commonly observed on Prunus spp. and can be caused by a variety of factors. Development of the shothole symptom is in response to mechanical, chemical, or pathogen injury. There is the formation of meristematic tissue around the injury that becomes lignified or suberized to form a physical and biochemical barrier that, in theAPPLE-CODLING MOTH
Cydia pomonella. Pest description and crop damage This is the most serious pest of apples in the PNW. Adult moths are 0.5 inch wide, with alternating gray and white bands on the wings and a copper band on the wing tips. Larvae are whitish with a black head when immature, and Skip to main contentToggle navigation
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PEST MANAGEMENT HANDBOOKS TURNIP AND RUTABAGA (BRASSICA SP.)-CHLOROTIC LEAF SPOT (LIGHT LEAFSPOT)
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