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CHARACTERISTICS
Missing Middle Housing creates community through the integration of shared community spaces within the building type (e.g. cottage court ), or simply from being located within a vibrant neighborhood with places to eat, drink, and socialize. This is an important aspect in particular considering the growing market of single-person householdsCOTTAGE COURT
Description. A group of small (1 to 1.5-story*), detached structures arranged around a shared court visible from the street. The shared court is an important community-enhancing element and unit entrances should be from the shared court. It replaces the function of a ASSEMBLY — MISSING MIDDLE HOUSING Missing Middle Housing types are spread throughout the block and stand side-by-side with detached single-family homes. This blended pattern of detached single-family homes and Missing Middle Housing types, with densities up to 40 dwelling units per acre, works well because the forms of these types are never larger than a large house. LIVE-WORK — MISSING MIDDLE HOUSING A small- to medium-sized (2 to 3.5-story) attached or detached structure consisting of one dwelling unit above or behind a fire-separated flexible ground floor space that can accommodate a range of non-residential use. The flex space and residential unit typically have separate street entrances. The flex space typically has a taller height (minTRIPLEX: STACKED
Description. A small-to-medium (3 to 3.5-story) sized detached structure that consists of 3 dwelling units typically stacked on top of each other on consecutive floors, with one entry for the ground floor unit and a shared entry for the units above. This type does not include a rear yard.COURTYARD BUILDING
A medium-to-large sized (1 to 3.5-story*) detached structure consisting of multiple side-by-side and/or stacked dwelling units oriented around a courtyard or series of courtyards. The courtyard replaces the function of a rear yard and is more open to the street in low intensity neighborhoods and less open to the street in more urbansettings.
DUPLEX: STACKED
What is Missing Middle Housing? “Missing Middle Housing” was coined by Opticos Design founder Daniel Parolek in 2010 to define a range of multi-unit or clustered housing types—compatible in scale with detached single-family homes—that help meet the growing demand for walkable urban living. BUILDING HEALTHY COMMUNITIES IN SOUTH KERN COUNTY The BHC, a project of the California Endowment’s Building Healthy Communities Initiative, is working in South Kern and 13 other California communities to encourage healthy, safe, and clean places. They engaged with several fantastic groups working in the area, such as the Center for Race, Poverty and the Environment and CaliforniaRural Legal
MISSING MIDDLE HOUSING: DIVERSE CHOICES FOR WALKABLEABOUTTHE TYPESSERVICESRESOURCESCONTACTLIVE-WORK Triplex: Stacked. Live-Work. “Well-designed ‘Missing Middle’ buildings unify the walkable streetscape as they greatly diversify the choices available for households of different age, size, and income. Smaller households tend to eat out more, helping our neighborhood attract wonderful restaurants. Diverse households keep diverse hours THE TYPES — MISSING MIDDLE HOUSING The Missing Middle Housing types provide diverse housing options, such as duplexes, fourplexes, cottage courts, and multiplexes. These house-scale buildings fit seamlessly into existing residential neighborhoods and support walkability, locally-serving retail, and public transportation options. They provide solutions along aCHARACTERISTICS
Missing Middle Housing creates community through the integration of shared community spaces within the building type (e.g. cottage court ), or simply from being located within a vibrant neighborhood with places to eat, drink, and socialize. This is an important aspect in particular considering the growing market of single-person householdsCOTTAGE COURT
Description. A group of small (1 to 1.5-story*), detached structures arranged around a shared court visible from the street. The shared court is an important community-enhancing element and unit entrances should be from the shared court. It replaces the function of a ASSEMBLY — MISSING MIDDLE HOUSING Missing Middle Housing types are spread throughout the block and stand side-by-side with detached single-family homes. This blended pattern of detached single-family homes and Missing Middle Housing types, with densities up to 40 dwelling units per acre, works well because the forms of these types are never larger than a large house. LIVE-WORK — MISSING MIDDLE HOUSING A small- to medium-sized (2 to 3.5-story) attached or detached structure consisting of one dwelling unit above or behind a fire-separated flexible ground floor space that can accommodate a range of non-residential use. The flex space and residential unit typically have separate street entrances. The flex space typically has a taller height (minTRIPLEX: STACKED
Description. A small-to-medium (3 to 3.5-story) sized detached structure that consists of 3 dwelling units typically stacked on top of each other on consecutive floors, with one entry for the ground floor unit and a shared entry for the units above. This type does not include a rear yard.COURTYARD BUILDING
A medium-to-large sized (1 to 3.5-story*) detached structure consisting of multiple side-by-side and/or stacked dwelling units oriented around a courtyard or series of courtyards. The courtyard replaces the function of a rear yard and is more open to the street in low intensity neighborhoods and less open to the street in more urbansettings.
DUPLEX: STACKED
What is Missing Middle Housing? “Missing Middle Housing” was coined by Opticos Design founder Daniel Parolek in 2010 to define a range of multi-unit or clustered housing types—compatible in scale with detached single-family homes—that help meet the growing demand for walkable urban living. BUILDING HEALTHY COMMUNITIES IN SOUTH KERN COUNTY The BHC, a project of the California Endowment’s Building Healthy Communities Initiative, is working in South Kern and 13 other California communities to encourage healthy, safe, and clean places. They engaged with several fantastic groups working in the area, such as the Center for Race, Poverty and the Environment and CaliforniaRural Legal
SERVICES — MISSING MIDDLE HOUSING Signature Housing Products. Unique, Market-Ready Housing Solutions. Through our work designing Missing Middle Housing for clients across the country, we’ve developed a collection of signature housing products ready to meet your needs. With features such as 100% efficient layouts, high quality private and shared outdoor spaces, andan ability
RESOURCES — MISSING MIDDLE HOUSING What is Missing Middle Housing? “Missing Middle Housing” was coined by Opticos Design founder Daniel Parolek in 2010 to define a range of multi-unit or clustered housing types—compatible in scale with detached single-family homes—that help meet the growing demand for walkable urban living.FORM-BASED CODING
How We Can Help You Implement Form-Based Coding: 1 Write a Form-Based Code at any scale, from corridors, downtowns, and transit-oriented development areas to single neighborhoods and complete small towns, large metropolises, and counties.; 2 Create a citywide hybrid code: Applying Form-Based Coding to walkable urban areas and refined conventional zoning to suburban areas.COURTYARD BUILDING
A medium-to-large sized (1 to 3.5-story*) detached structure consisting of multiple side-by-side and/or stacked dwelling units oriented around a courtyard or series of courtyards. The courtyard replaces the function of a rear yard and is more open to the street in low intensity neighborhoods and less open to the street in more urbansettings.
TOWNHOUSE — MISSING MIDDLE HOUSING A small-to medium-sized attached structure that consists of 2 to 16 multi-story dwelling units placed side-by-side. Entries are on the narrow side of the unit and typically face a street or courtyard. The street façades have entrances and avoid garages.FOURPLEX: STACKED
Description. A detached (2 to 2.5-story) structure with four dwelling units, two on the ground floor and two above, with shared or individual entries from the street. This type has the appearance of a medium-sized single-unit house and may include a rear yard. This type is attractive to developers by generating four units on a typical50’ lot
MULTIPLEX: MEDIUM
Description. A detached (2 to 2.5-story) structure that consists of 5 to 12 dwelling units arranged side-by-side and/or stacked, typically with a shared entry from the street. This type has the appearance of a medium-to-large single-unit house and does not include a rear yard. FOURPLEX – BERKELEY, CA What is Missing Middle Housing? “Missing Middle Housing” was coined by Opticos Design founder Daniel Parolek in 2010 to define a range of multi-unit or clustered housing types—compatible in scale with detached single-family homes—that help meet the growing demand for walkable urban living.DUPLEX: STACKED
What is Missing Middle Housing? “Missing Middle Housing” was coined by Opticos Design founder Daniel Parolek in 2010 to define a range of multi-unit or clustered housing types—compatible in scale with detached single-family homes—that help meet the growing demand for walkable urban living.BUNGALOW COURT
What is Missing Middle Housing? “Missing Middle Housing” was coined by Opticos Design founder Daniel Parolek in 2010 to define a range of multi-unit or clustered housing types—compatible in scale with detached single-family homes—that help meet the growing demand for walkable urban living. MISSING MIDDLE HOUSING: DIVERSE CHOICES FOR WALKABLEABOUTTHE TYPESSERVICESRESOURCESCONTACTLIVE-WORK Triplex: Stacked. Live-Work. “Well-designed ‘Missing Middle’ buildings unify the walkable streetscape as they greatly diversify the choices available for households of different age, size, and income. Smaller households tend to eat out more, helping our neighborhood attract wonderful restaurants. Diverse households keep diverse hours THE TYPES — MISSING MIDDLE HOUSING The Missing Middle Housing types provide diverse housing options, such as duplexes, fourplexes, cottage courts, and multiplexes. These house-scale buildings fit seamlessly into existing residential neighborhoods and support walkability, locally-serving retail, and public transportation options. They provide solutions along aCHARACTERISTICS
Missing Middle Housing creates community through the integration of shared community spaces within the building type (e.g. cottage court ), or simply from being located within a vibrant neighborhood with places to eat, drink, and socialize. This is an important aspect in particular considering the growing market of single-person householdsCOTTAGE COURT
Description. A group of small (1 to 1.5-story*), detached structures arranged around a shared court visible from the street. The shared court is an important community-enhancing element and unit entrances should be from the shared court. It replaces the function of aHOW TO ENABLE MMH
The Form-Based Approach to Regulating Missing Middle Housing. The form-based approach starts with a Community Character Analysis of the community’s existing patterns of development and built form, climate, and other considerations. Looking at the existing patterns and desired future built form, a range of form-based zones arecreated.
TRIPLEX: STACKED
Description. A small-to-medium (3 to 3.5-story) sized detached structure that consists of 3 dwelling units typically stacked on top of each other on consecutive floors, with one entry for the ground floor unit and a shared entry for the units above. This type does not include a rear yard.COURTYARD BUILDING
A medium-to-large sized (1 to 3.5-story*) detached structure consisting of multiple side-by-side and/or stacked dwelling units oriented around a courtyard or series of courtyards. The courtyard replaces the function of a rear yard and is more open to the street in low intensity neighborhoods and less open to the street in more urbansettings.
DUPLEX: STACKED
What is Missing Middle Housing? “Missing Middle Housing” was coined by Opticos Design founder Daniel Parolek in 2010 to define a range of multi-unit or clustered housing types—compatible in scale with detached single-family homes—that help meet the growing demand for walkable urban living.BUNGALOW COURT
What is Missing Middle Housing? “Missing Middle Housing” was coined by Opticos Design founder Daniel Parolek in 2010 to define a range of multi-unit or clustered housing types—compatible in scale with detached single-family homes—that help meet the growing demand for walkable urban living. BUILDING HEALTHY COMMUNITIES IN SOUTH KERN COUNTY The BHC, a project of the California Endowment’s Building Healthy Communities Initiative, is working in South Kern and 13 other California communities to encourage healthy, safe, and clean places. They engaged with several fantastic groups working in the area, such as the Center for Race, Poverty and the Environment and CaliforniaRural Legal
MISSING MIDDLE HOUSING: DIVERSE CHOICES FOR WALKABLEABOUTTHE TYPESSERVICESRESOURCESCONTACTLIVE-WORK Triplex: Stacked. Live-Work. “Well-designed ‘Missing Middle’ buildings unify the walkable streetscape as they greatly diversify the choices available for households of different age, size, and income. Smaller households tend to eat out more, helping our neighborhood attract wonderful restaurants. Diverse households keep diverse hours THE TYPES — MISSING MIDDLE HOUSING The Missing Middle Housing types provide diverse housing options, such as duplexes, fourplexes, cottage courts, and multiplexes. These house-scale buildings fit seamlessly into existing residential neighborhoods and support walkability, locally-serving retail, and public transportation options. They provide solutions along aCHARACTERISTICS
Missing Middle Housing creates community through the integration of shared community spaces within the building type (e.g. cottage court ), or simply from being located within a vibrant neighborhood with places to eat, drink, and socialize. This is an important aspect in particular considering the growing market of single-person householdsCOTTAGE COURT
Description. A group of small (1 to 1.5-story*), detached structures arranged around a shared court visible from the street. The shared court is an important community-enhancing element and unit entrances should be from the shared court. It replaces the function of aHOW TO ENABLE MMH
The Form-Based Approach to Regulating Missing Middle Housing. The form-based approach starts with a Community Character Analysis of the community’s existing patterns of development and built form, climate, and other considerations. Looking at the existing patterns and desired future built form, a range of form-based zones arecreated.
TRIPLEX: STACKED
Description. A small-to-medium (3 to 3.5-story) sized detached structure that consists of 3 dwelling units typically stacked on top of each other on consecutive floors, with one entry for the ground floor unit and a shared entry for the units above. This type does not include a rear yard.COURTYARD BUILDING
A medium-to-large sized (1 to 3.5-story*) detached structure consisting of multiple side-by-side and/or stacked dwelling units oriented around a courtyard or series of courtyards. The courtyard replaces the function of a rear yard and is more open to the street in low intensity neighborhoods and less open to the street in more urbansettings.
DUPLEX: STACKED
What is Missing Middle Housing? “Missing Middle Housing” was coined by Opticos Design founder Daniel Parolek in 2010 to define a range of multi-unit or clustered housing types—compatible in scale with detached single-family homes—that help meet the growing demand for walkable urban living.BUNGALOW COURT
What is Missing Middle Housing? “Missing Middle Housing” was coined by Opticos Design founder Daniel Parolek in 2010 to define a range of multi-unit or clustered housing types—compatible in scale with detached single-family homes—that help meet the growing demand for walkable urban living. BUILDING HEALTHY COMMUNITIES IN SOUTH KERN COUNTY The BHC, a project of the California Endowment’s Building Healthy Communities Initiative, is working in South Kern and 13 other California communities to encourage healthy, safe, and clean places. They engaged with several fantastic groups working in the area, such as the Center for Race, Poverty and the Environment and CaliforniaRural Legal
SERVICES — MISSING MIDDLE HOUSING Signature Housing Products. Unique, Market-Ready Housing Solutions. Through our work designing Missing Middle Housing for clients across the country, we’ve developed a collection of signature housing products ready to meet your needs. With features such as 100% efficient layouts, high quality private and shared outdoor spaces, andan ability
RESOURCES — MISSING MIDDLE HOUSING What is Missing Middle Housing? “Missing Middle Housing” was coined by Opticos Design founder Daniel Parolek in 2010 to define a range of multi-unit or clustered housing types—compatible in scale with detached single-family homes—that help meet the growing demand for walkable urban living. CONTACT — MISSING MIDDLE HOUSING Opticos Design, Inc. is a certified B Corporation and a California Benefit Corporation, dedicated to integrating environmental, social, and fiscal issues into its decision-making. From individual building design to neighborhood plans to regional master plans, Opticos creates custom-made solutions that directly address the architectural, cultural, and sustainable needs of communities, including LIVE-WORK — MISSING MIDDLE HOUSING A small- to medium-sized (2 to 3.5-story) attached or detached structure consisting of one dwelling unit above or behind a fire-separated flexible ground floor space that can accommodate a range of non-residential use. The flex space and residential unit typically have separate street entrances. The flex space typically has a taller height (min TOWNHOUSE — MISSING MIDDLE HOUSING A small-to medium-sized attached structure that consists of 2 to 16 multi-story dwelling units placed side-by-side. Entries are on the narrow side of the unit and typically face a street or courtyard. The street façades have entrances and avoid garages. DESIGNING A MISSING MIDDLE PLAN FOR SMALL INFILL SITES Designing a Missing Middle Plan for Small Infill Sites: The Art of Creating Value and a Sense of Place on a Two-to-Five Acre Site, Part 1. Dan Parolek — October 11, 2017. Over the past several years, many clients have come to us wanting to explore Missing Middle Housing on two- to five-acre sites, which seem to be a “sweet spot” for Missing Middle application, especially for smallerMULTIPLEX: MEDIUM
Description. A detached (2 to 2.5-story) structure that consists of 5 to 12 dwelling units arranged side-by-side and/or stacked, typically with a shared entry from the street. This type has the appearance of a medium-to-large single-unit house and does not include a rear yard.FOURPLEX: STACKED
Description. A detached (2 to 2.5-story) structure with four dwelling units, two on the ground floor and two above, with shared or individual entries from the street. This type has the appearance of a medium-sized single-unit house and may include a rear yard. This type is attractive to developers by generating four units on a typical50’ lot
DUPLEX: STACKED
What is Missing Middle Housing? “Missing Middle Housing” was coined by Opticos Design founder Daniel Parolek in 2010 to define a range of multi-unit or clustered housing types—compatible in scale with detached single-family homes—that help meet the growing demand for walkable urban living. FOURPLEX – BERKELEY, CA What is Missing Middle Housing? “Missing Middle Housing” was coined by Opticos Design founder Daniel Parolek in 2010 to define a range of multi-unit or clustered housing types—compatible in scale with detached single-family homes—that help meet the growing demand for walkable urban living. MISSING MIDDLE HOUSING: DIVERSE CHOICES FOR WALKABLEABOUTTHE TYPESSERVICESRESOURCESCONTACTLIVE-WORK Missing Middle Housing is a transformative concept that highlights the need for diverse, affordable housing choices in sustainable, walkableneighborhoods.
THE TYPES — MISSING MIDDLE HOUSING The Missing Middle Housing types provide diverse housing options, such as duplexes, fourplexes, cottage courts, and multiplexes. These house-scale buildings fit seamlessly into existing residential neighborhoods and support walkability, locally-serving retail, and public transportation options. They provide solutions along aCHARACTERISTICS
Missing Middle Housing is not a new type of building. It is a range of house-scale building types that exist in cities and towns across the country and were a fundamental part of pre-1940s neighborhoods.COTTAGE COURT
Description A group of small (1 to 1.5-story*), detached structures arranged around a shared court visible from the street. The shared court is an important community-enhancing element and unit entrances should be from the shared court. CONTACT — MISSING MIDDLE HOUSING Opticos Design, Inc. is a certified B Corporation and a California Benefit Corporation, dedicated to integrating environmental, social, and fiscal issues into its decision-making. From individual building design to neighborhood plans to regional master plans, Opticos creates custom-made solutions that directly address the architectural, cultural, and sustainable needs of communities, includingHOW TO ENABLE MMH
Missing Middle types, highlighted in this neighborhood in Alameda, CA, blend in seamlessly with single-family homes. Note also that the largest buildings seen here are also multifamily, but very different from Missing Middle types in scale and form: these stacked apartments with tuck-under parking, oriented away from the street, are too out-of-scale to be good neighbors to existing singleTRIPLEX: STACKED
Description A small-to-medium (3 to 3.5-story) sized detached structure that consists of 3 dwelling units typically stacked on top of each other on consecutive floors, with one entry for the ground floor unit and a shared entry for the units above.MULTIPLEX: MEDIUM
Description A detached (2 to 2.5-story) structure that consists of 5 to 12 dwelling units arranged side-by-side and/or stacked, typically with a shared entry from the street.DUPLEX: STACKED
What is Missing Middle Housing? “Missing Middle Housing” was coined by Opticos Design founder Daniel Parolek in 2010 to define a range of multi-unit or clustered housing types—compatible in scale with detached single-family homes—that help meet the growing demand for walkable urban living.BUNGALOW COURT
What is Missing Middle Housing? “Missing Middle Housing” was coined by Opticos Design founder Daniel Parolek in 2010 to define a range of multi-unit or clustered housing types—compatible in scale with detached single-family homes—that help meet the growing demand for walkable urban living. MISSING MIDDLE HOUSING: DIVERSE CHOICES FOR WALKABLEABOUTTHE TYPESSERVICESRESOURCESCONTACTLIVE-WORK Missing Middle Housing is a transformative concept that highlights the need for diverse, affordable housing choices in sustainable, walkableneighborhoods.
THE TYPES — MISSING MIDDLE HOUSING The Missing Middle Housing types provide diverse housing options, such as duplexes, fourplexes, cottage courts, and multiplexes. These house-scale buildings fit seamlessly into existing residential neighborhoods and support walkability, locally-serving retail, and public transportation options. They provide solutions along aCHARACTERISTICS
Missing Middle Housing is not a new type of building. It is a range of house-scale building types that exist in cities and towns across the country and were a fundamental part of pre-1940s neighborhoods.COTTAGE COURT
Description A group of small (1 to 1.5-story*), detached structures arranged around a shared court visible from the street. The shared court is an important community-enhancing element and unit entrances should be from the shared court. CONTACT — MISSING MIDDLE HOUSING Opticos Design, Inc. is a certified B Corporation and a California Benefit Corporation, dedicated to integrating environmental, social, and fiscal issues into its decision-making. From individual building design to neighborhood plans to regional master plans, Opticos creates custom-made solutions that directly address the architectural, cultural, and sustainable needs of communities, includingHOW TO ENABLE MMH
Missing Middle types, highlighted in this neighborhood in Alameda, CA, blend in seamlessly with single-family homes. Note also that the largest buildings seen here are also multifamily, but very different from Missing Middle types in scale and form: these stacked apartments with tuck-under parking, oriented away from the street, are too out-of-scale to be good neighbors to existing singleTRIPLEX: STACKED
Description A small-to-medium (3 to 3.5-story) sized detached structure that consists of 3 dwelling units typically stacked on top of each other on consecutive floors, with one entry for the ground floor unit and a shared entry for the units above.MULTIPLEX: MEDIUM
Description A detached (2 to 2.5-story) structure that consists of 5 to 12 dwelling units arranged side-by-side and/or stacked, typically with a shared entry from the street.DUPLEX: STACKED
What is Missing Middle Housing? “Missing Middle Housing” was coined by Opticos Design founder Daniel Parolek in 2010 to define a range of multi-unit or clustered housing types—compatible in scale with detached single-family homes—that help meet the growing demand for walkable urban living.BUNGALOW COURT
What is Missing Middle Housing? “Missing Middle Housing” was coined by Opticos Design founder Daniel Parolek in 2010 to define a range of multi-unit or clustered housing types—compatible in scale with detached single-family homes—that help meet the growing demand for walkable urban living. SERVICES — MISSING MIDDLE HOUSING Unique, Market-Ready Housing Solutions. Through our work designing Missing Middle Housing for clients across the country, we’ve developed a collection of signature housing products ready to meetyour needs.
RESOURCES — MISSING MIDDLE HOUSING What is Missing Middle Housing? “Missing Middle Housing” was coined by Opticos Design founder Daniel Parolek in 2010 to define a range of multi-unit or clustered housing types—compatible in scale with detached single-family homes—that help meet the growing demand for walkable urban living. CONTACT — MISSING MIDDLE HOUSING Opticos Design, Inc. is a certified B Corporation and a California Benefit Corporation, dedicated to integrating environmental, social, and fiscal issues into its decision-making. From individual building design to neighborhood plans to regional master plans, Opticos creates custom-made solutions that directly address the architectural, cultural, and sustainable needs of communities, including TOWNHOUSE — MISSING MIDDLE HOUSING What is Missing Middle Housing? “Missing Middle Housing” was coined by Opticos Design founder Daniel Parolek in 2010 to define a range of multi-unit or clustered housing types—compatible in scale with detached single-family homes—that help meet the growing demand for walkable urban living.COURTYARD BUILDING
Description A medium-to-large sized (1 to 3.5-story*) detached structure consisting of multiple side-by-side and/or stacked dwelling units oriented around a courtyard or series of courtyards. LIVE-WORK — MISSING MIDDLE HOUSING Description A small- to medium-sized (2 to 3.5-story) attached or detached structure consisting of one dwelling unit above or behind a fire-separated flexible ground floor space that can accommodate a range of non-residential use.FOURPLEX: STACKED
Description A detached (2 to 2.5-story) structure with four dwelling units, two on the ground floor and two above, with shared or individual entries from the street.DUPLEX: STACKED
What is Missing Middle Housing? “Missing Middle Housing” was coined by Opticos Design founder Daniel Parolek in 2010 to define a range of multi-unit or clustered housing types—compatible in scale with detached single-family homes—that help meet the growing demand for walkable urban living. DESIGNING A MISSING MIDDLE PLAN FOR SMALL INFILL SITES Designing a Missing Middle Plan for Small Infill Sites: The Art of Creating Value and a Sense of Place on a Two-to-Five Acre Site, Part 1. Dan Parolek — October 11, 2017. Over the past several years, many clients have come to us wanting to explore Missing Middle Housing on two- to five-acre sites, which seem to be a “sweet spot” for Missing Middle application, especially for smaller FOURPLEX – BERKELEY, CA What is Missing Middle Housing? “Missing Middle Housing” was coined by Opticos Design founder Daniel Parolek in 2010 to define a range of multi-unit or clustered housing types—compatible in scale with detached single-family homes—that help meet the growing demand for walkable urban living. MISSING MIDDLE HOUSING: DIVERSE CHOICES FOR WALKABLEABOUTTHE TYPESSERVICESRESOURCESCONTACTLIVE-WORK Triplex: Stacked. Live-Work. “Well-designed ‘Missing Middle’ buildings unify the walkable streetscape as they greatly diversify the choices available for households of different age, size, and income. Smaller households tend to eat out more, helping our neighborhood attract wonderful restaurants. Diverse households keep diverse hours THE TYPES — MISSING MIDDLE HOUSING The Missing Middle Housing types provide diverse housing options, such as duplexes, fourplexes, cottage courts, and multiplexes. These house-scale buildings fit seamlessly into existing residential neighborhoods and support walkability, locally-serving retail, and public transportation options. They provide solutions along a SERVICES — MISSING MIDDLE HOUSING Signature Housing Products. Unique, Market-Ready Housing Solutions. Through our work designing Missing Middle Housing for clients across the country, we’ve developed a collection of signature housing products ready to meet your needs. With features such as 100% efficient layouts, high quality private and shared outdoor spaces, andan ability
CHARACTERISTICS
Missing Middle Housing creates community through the integration of shared community spaces within the building type (e.g. cottage court ), or simply from being located within a vibrant neighborhood with places to eat, drink, and socialize. This is an important aspect in particular considering the growing market of single-person householdsCOTTAGE COURT
Description. A group of small (1 to 1.5-story*), detached structures arranged around a shared court visible from the street. The shared court is an important community-enhancing element and unit entrances should be from the shared court. It replaces the function of a MARKET — MISSING MIDDLE HOUSING The same is true for bike friendly cities. According to the Livable Street Alliance, as reported on the AARP Livability Fact Sheet, the average American household spends more than $8,000 a year on cars while the cost to maintain a bicycle is only about $300 per year. These savings, which could amount into the billions if trends were widely adopted, could be reinvested into transit-orientedCOURTYARD BUILDING
A medium-to-large sized (1 to 3.5-story*) detached structure consisting of multiple side-by-side and/or stacked dwelling units oriented around a courtyard or series of courtyards. The courtyard replaces the function of a rear yard and is more open to the street in low intensity neighborhoods and less open to the street in more urbansettings.
TRIPLEX: STACKED
Description. A small-to-medium (3 to 3.5-story) sized detached structure that consists of 3 dwelling units typically stacked on top of each other on consecutive floors, with one entry for the ground floor unit and a shared entry for the units above. This type does not include a rear yard.BUNGALOW COURT
What is Missing Middle Housing? “Missing Middle Housing” was coined by Opticos Design founder Daniel Parolek in 2010 to define a range of multi-unit or clustered housing types—compatible in scale with detached single-family homes—that help meet the growing demand for walkable urban living. BUILDING HEALTHY COMMUNITIES IN SOUTH KERN COUNTY The BHC, a project of the California Endowment’s Building Healthy Communities Initiative, is working in South Kern and 13 other California communities to encourage healthy, safe, and clean places. They engaged with several fantastic groups working in the area, such as the Center for Race, Poverty and the Environment and CaliforniaRural Legal
MISSING MIDDLE HOUSING: DIVERSE CHOICES FOR WALKABLEABOUTTHE TYPESSERVICESRESOURCESCONTACTLIVE-WORK Triplex: Stacked. Live-Work. “Well-designed ‘Missing Middle’ buildings unify the walkable streetscape as they greatly diversify the choices available for households of different age, size, and income. Smaller households tend to eat out more, helping our neighborhood attract wonderful restaurants. Diverse households keep diverse hours THE TYPES — MISSING MIDDLE HOUSING The Missing Middle Housing types provide diverse housing options, such as duplexes, fourplexes, cottage courts, and multiplexes. These house-scale buildings fit seamlessly into existing residential neighborhoods and support walkability, locally-serving retail, and public transportation options. They provide solutions along a SERVICES — MISSING MIDDLE HOUSING Signature Housing Products. Unique, Market-Ready Housing Solutions. Through our work designing Missing Middle Housing for clients across the country, we’ve developed a collection of signature housing products ready to meet your needs. With features such as 100% efficient layouts, high quality private and shared outdoor spaces, andan ability
CHARACTERISTICS
Missing Middle Housing creates community through the integration of shared community spaces within the building type (e.g. cottage court ), or simply from being located within a vibrant neighborhood with places to eat, drink, and socialize. This is an important aspect in particular considering the growing market of single-person householdsCOTTAGE COURT
Description. A group of small (1 to 1.5-story*), detached structures arranged around a shared court visible from the street. The shared court is an important community-enhancing element and unit entrances should be from the shared court. It replaces the function of a MARKET — MISSING MIDDLE HOUSING The same is true for bike friendly cities. According to the Livable Street Alliance, as reported on the AARP Livability Fact Sheet, the average American household spends more than $8,000 a year on cars while the cost to maintain a bicycle is only about $300 per year. These savings, which could amount into the billions if trends were widely adopted, could be reinvested into transit-orientedCOURTYARD BUILDING
A medium-to-large sized (1 to 3.5-story*) detached structure consisting of multiple side-by-side and/or stacked dwelling units oriented around a courtyard or series of courtyards. The courtyard replaces the function of a rear yard and is more open to the street in low intensity neighborhoods and less open to the street in more urbansettings.
TRIPLEX: STACKED
Description. A small-to-medium (3 to 3.5-story) sized detached structure that consists of 3 dwelling units typically stacked on top of each other on consecutive floors, with one entry for the ground floor unit and a shared entry for the units above. This type does not include a rear yard.BUNGALOW COURT
What is Missing Middle Housing? “Missing Middle Housing” was coined by Opticos Design founder Daniel Parolek in 2010 to define a range of multi-unit or clustered housing types—compatible in scale with detached single-family homes—that help meet the growing demand for walkable urban living. BUILDING HEALTHY COMMUNITIES IN SOUTH KERN COUNTY The BHC, a project of the California Endowment’s Building Healthy Communities Initiative, is working in South Kern and 13 other California communities to encourage healthy, safe, and clean places. They engaged with several fantastic groups working in the area, such as the Center for Race, Poverty and the Environment and CaliforniaRural Legal
SERVICES — MISSING MIDDLE HOUSING Signature Housing Products. Unique, Market-Ready Housing Solutions. Through our work designing Missing Middle Housing for clients across the country, we’ve developed a collection of signature housing products ready to meet your needs. With features such as 100% efficient layouts, high quality private and shared outdoor spaces, andan ability
RESOURCES — MISSING MIDDLE HOUSING What is Missing Middle Housing? “Missing Middle Housing” was coined by Opticos Design founder Daniel Parolek in 2010 to define a range of multi-unit or clustered housing types—compatible in scale with detached single-family homes—that help meet the growing demand for walkable urban living. LIVE-WORK — MISSING MIDDLE HOUSING A small- to medium-sized (2 to 3.5-story) attached or detached structure consisting of one dwelling unit above or behind a fire-separated flexible ground floor space that can accommodate a range of non-residential use. The flex space and residential unit typically have separate street entrances. The flex space typically has a taller height (min ASSEMBLY — MISSING MIDDLE HOUSING Missing Middle Housing types are spread throughout the block and stand side-by-side with detached single-family homes. This blended pattern of detached single-family homes and Missing Middle Housing types, with densities up to 40 dwelling units per acre, works well because the forms of these types are never larger than a large house.FOURPLEX: STACKED
Description. A detached (2 to 2.5-story) structure with four dwelling units, two on the ground floor and two above, with shared or individual entries from the street. This type has the appearance of a medium-sized single-unit house and may include a rear yard. This type is attractive to developers by generating four units on a typical50’ lot
FOURPLEX – BERKELEY, CA What is Missing Middle Housing? “Missing Middle Housing” was coined by Opticos Design founder Daniel Parolek in 2010 to define a range of multi-unit or clustered housing types—compatible in scale with detached single-family homes—that help meet the growing demand for walkable urban living.MULTIPLEX: MEDIUM
Description. A detached (2 to 2.5-story) structure that consists of 5 to 12 dwelling units arranged side-by-side and/or stacked, typically with a shared entry from the street. This type has the appearance of a medium-to-large single-unit house and does not include a rear yard. DUPLEX: SIDE-BY-SIDE Description. A small (1 to 2-story), detached structure that consists of two dwelling units arranged side-by-side, each with an entry from the street. This type has the appearance of a small-to-medium single-unit house and may include a rear yard.DUPLEX: STACKED
What is Missing Middle Housing? “Missing Middle Housing” was coined by Opticos Design founder Daniel Parolek in 2010 to define a range of multi-unit or clustered housing types—compatible in scale with detached single-family homes—that help meet the growing demand for walkable urban living.DUPLEX: STACKED
Description. A small (2 to 2.5-story), detached structure that consists of two dwelling units arranged one above the other, each with an entry from the street. This type has the appearance of a small-to-medium single-unit house, may include a rear yard and fits on narrower lots than the side-by-side duplex. Created by OPTICOS DESIGN Voted one of Planetizen’s top 10 urban planning websites of 2019×
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* The Types
* Duplex: Side-by-Side* Duplex: Stacked
* Triplex: Stacked
* Fourplex: Stacked
* Cottage Court
* Courtyard Building* Live-Work
* Townhouse
* Multiplex: Medium
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MISSING MIDDLE HOUSING IS A RANGE OF HOUSE-SCALE BUILDINGS WITH MULTIPLE UNITS—COMPATIBLE IN SCALE AND FORM WITH DETACHED SINGLE-FAMILY HOMES—LOCATED IN A WALKABLE NEIGHBORHOOD. THINKING BIG AND BUILDING SMALL TO RESPOND TO TODAY'S HOUSING CRISIS Listed on Planetizen's Top Urban Planning Books of 2020Buy the book here
“FEW CAUSES OF PLANNING REFORM FROM RECENT HISTORY HAVE SUCCEEDED SO THOROUGHLY AT ADOPTION INTO THE LAW OF THE LAND AS MISSING MIDDLE HOUSING HAS IN RECENT YEARS, AND IT IS ONLY RIGHT THAT PAROLEK, WHO COINED THE TERM, HAS WRITTEN THIS DEFINITIVE GUIDE TO THE SUBJECT.” – JOSH STEPHENS + JAMES BRASUELL, _PLANETIZEN_ MISSING MIDDLE HOUSING IN THE NEWSPlanetizen
THE TOP URBAN PLANNING BOOKS OF 2020 Josh Stephens, James Brasuell, January 30, 2021Treehugger
THE MISSING MIDDLE IS ANOTHER MODEL FOR PROVIDING DENSE FAMILY HOUSING Lloyd Alter, February 13, 2021Smartgrowth
WHAT IS A WALKABILITY STUDY, AND WHY SHOULD YOU DO ONE? John Coleman, April 30, 2021Governing
A RECIPE FOR ACHIEVING REAL HOUSING AFFORDABILITY Todd Litman, April 30, 2021Housing Next
MISSING MIDDLE CRUNCH REQUIRES ALL OF US TO SOLVE IT Ryan Kilpatrick, April 21, 2021 Missing Middle Arlington MAKING SPACE TO AGE IN PLACEMarch 30, 2021
THE TYPES
The Missing Middle Housing types provide diverse housing options, such as duplexes, fourplexes, cottage courts, and multiplexes. These house-scale buildings fit seamlessly into existing residential neighborhoods and support walkability, locally-serving retail, and public transportation options. They provide solutions along a spectrum of affordability to address the mismatch between the available U.S. housing stock and shifting demographics combined with the growing demand for walkability.Download Diagram
Video Introduction
DUPLEX: SIDE-BY-SIDEDUPLEX: STACKED
FOURPLEX: STACKED
COURTYARD BUILDING
COTTAGE COURT
TOWNHOUSE
MULTIPLEX: MEDIUM
TRIPLEX: STACKED
LIVE-WORK
“Well-designed ‘Missing Middle’ buildings unify the walkable streetscape as they greatly diversify the choices available for households of different age, size, and income. Smaller households tend to eat out more, helping our neighborhood attract wonderful restaurants. Diverse households keep diverse hours meaning we have more people out walking our streets at more varied hours—keepingthem safer.”
Ellen Dunham-Jones
Professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology and co‑author of Retrofitting Suburbia: Urban Design Solutions for Redesigning Suburbs LEARN MORE ABOUT MISSING MIDDLE HOUSING ABOUT MISSING MIDDLE HOUSING This transformative concept highlights a time-proven and beloved way to provide more housing and housing choices in sustainable, walkableplaces.
What is Missing Middle Housing? WHAT DOES THE MARKET WANT? Singles demand more amenities, and women and older persons who live alone generally seek housing options that offer better security. Learn more about Market Trends MISSING MIDDLE HOUSING IN PRACTICECHARACTERISTICS
Missing Middle Housing is not a new type of building. It is a range of building types building types exist in cities and towns across the country, and were a fundamental building block in pre-1940sneighborhoods.
See the CharacteristicsASSEMBLY
With a footprint typically not larger than a large single-family home, Missing Middle buildings are easy to integrate into existing neighborhoods, and serve as a way to transition to higher-density and main street contexts. Learn about AssemblyHOW TO REGULATE
Form-Based Coding has proven to be an alternative to conventional zoning that effectively regulates Missing Middle Housing. Form-Based Codes (FBCs) remove barriers and incentivize housing types in appropriate locations. Read about RegulationFEATURED BY
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* Cottage Court
* Courtyard Building* Live-Work
* Townhouse
* Multiplex: Medium
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WHAT IS MISSING MIDDLE HOUSING? “Missing Middle Housing” was coined by Opticos Design founder Daniel Parolek in 2010 to define a range of multi-unit or clustered housing types—compatible in scale with detached single-family homes—that help meet the growing demand for walkable urban living. 2021 Opticos Design, Inc We use cookies on our site to give you the best experience. To continue using our site, please accept cookies.Accept
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