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INTRODUCTION
Introduction. T he Maya were concerned with creating monumental ceremonial spaces, often astronomically aligned, within which ritual and political theater could take place. This website was begun after my first visit to the Yucatan in 1995, and is an attempt to share photos and impressions of that astonishing ancient architecture whichI had
YUCATAN PENINSULA ARCHAEOLOGICAL MAP Puuc sites located further to the north flourished in the Late Classic Period (600 -- 900 AD). Uxmal is the quintessential example of Puuc architecture: elegant palace-like structures with smooth limestone veneer walls topped with intricate mosaic friezes. Uxmal is surrounded by satellite sites of Sayil, Kabah, Labna, Xlapak, and Chacmultun. PHOTOS FROMTHE MAYAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF DZIBILNOCAC Photos fromthe Mayan Archaeological Site of Dzibilnocac. home :: photos. Dzibilnocac means "Painted Vault" in Maya. Stephens & Catherwood visited the town of Iturbide, where the ruins of Dzibilnocac are located, during their 1841 expedition. Iturbide was atthe frontier of
PHOTOS FROM UAXACTUN Photos from Uaxactun. home :: pots :: photos. " Uaxactun is located some 40 km north of Tikal, and although it is substantially smaller than Tikal, its span of occupation seems to have been about the same, with origins in the Middle Preclassic and abandonment by the Early Postclassic. Research conducted at Uaxactun from 1926 to 1937established
PALENQUE SITE ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUM Pakal the Great "Palenque sculptors captured the essence of a youthful Pakal the Great in this modeled stucco head, discovered under the sarcophagus in which the king was interred, deep within the Temple of Inscriptions." Mary Miller & Simon Martin, Courtly Art of the Ancient Maya, p. 214 Pakal ascended the throne in AD 615 at the age of 12 during dark and turbulent times. TIKAL: MALER'S PALACE (#R1_095) home:: map:: next. Tikal: Maler's Palace "The lower story of Maler's Palace is composed of a series of rooms, arranged in two parallel ranges with additional rooms set at right-angles at the ends to form an "I" plan (see diagram).A carved frieze is visible above the three doorways facing the court, and a few remaining traces on other sides indicate that this frieze SOUTH TEMPLE/PIGEONS GROUP The South Group Pollack, who did fieldwork under the auspices of the Carnegie Institution of Washington in 1932-1940, writes: "This is the great pyramid temple at the southern end of the South Group.It will be noted that Morley (1910) indicates, on his early plan of the group, a series of rooms at two levels, across the western side of the pyramid, whereas on his map he shows rooms on the PALENQUE: TEMPLE OF THE FOLIATED CROSS (#A1_243) home:: map:: next. Palenque: Temple of the Foliated Cross . The entire front wall and mansard roof of the Temple of the Foliated Cross have fallen, which gives the building its unusualappearance.
COPAN: JAGUAR STAIRCASE (#A1_1177) Copan: Jaguar Staircase, East Court "Beneath the giant head of the Jaguar God that crowns the western stairway are two dancing Waterlily Jaguars that flank it at the stairway's base. They seem to function as zoomorphic adjuncts or avatars of the anthropomorphic deity framed by Venus symbolsIn various contexts, theWaterlily
MAYA RUINS OF CENTRAL AMERICA Maya civilization developed and flourished in Central America beginning in the Pre-Classic era (300 BC - 250 AD) and continued on through the Late Classic (600 AD - 900 AD) and into the Post Classic, from 900 AD until about 1500 AD when the Spanish conquistadores & Franciscan friars arrived around 1564. The Maya were the most advancedINTRODUCTION
Introduction. T he Maya were concerned with creating monumental ceremonial spaces, often astronomically aligned, within which ritual and political theater could take place. This website was begun after my first visit to the Yucatan in 1995, and is an attempt to share photos and impressions of that astonishing ancient architecture whichI had
YUCATAN PENINSULA ARCHAEOLOGICAL MAP Puuc sites located further to the north flourished in the Late Classic Period (600 -- 900 AD). Uxmal is the quintessential example of Puuc architecture: elegant palace-like structures with smooth limestone veneer walls topped with intricate mosaic friezes. Uxmal is surrounded by satellite sites of Sayil, Kabah, Labna, Xlapak, and Chacmultun. PHOTOS FROMTHE MAYAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF DZIBILNOCAC Photos fromthe Mayan Archaeological Site of Dzibilnocac. home :: photos. Dzibilnocac means "Painted Vault" in Maya. Stephens & Catherwood visited the town of Iturbide, where the ruins of Dzibilnocac are located, during their 1841 expedition. Iturbide was atthe frontier of
PHOTOS FROM UAXACTUN Photos from Uaxactun. home :: pots :: photos. " Uaxactun is located some 40 km north of Tikal, and although it is substantially smaller than Tikal, its span of occupation seems to have been about the same, with origins in the Middle Preclassic and abandonment by the Early Postclassic. Research conducted at Uaxactun from 1926 to 1937established
PALENQUE SITE ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUM Pakal the Great "Palenque sculptors captured the essence of a youthful Pakal the Great in this modeled stucco head, discovered under the sarcophagus in which the king was interred, deep within the Temple of Inscriptions." Mary Miller & Simon Martin, Courtly Art of the Ancient Maya, p. 214 Pakal ascended the throne in AD 615 at the age of 12 during dark and turbulent times. TIKAL: MALER'S PALACE (#R1_095) home:: map:: next. Tikal: Maler's Palace "The lower story of Maler's Palace is composed of a series of rooms, arranged in two parallel ranges with additional rooms set at right-angles at the ends to form an "I" plan (see diagram).A carved frieze is visible above the three doorways facing the court, and a few remaining traces on other sides indicate that this frieze SOUTH TEMPLE/PIGEONS GROUP The South Group Pollack, who did fieldwork under the auspices of the Carnegie Institution of Washington in 1932-1940, writes: "This is the great pyramid temple at the southern end of the South Group.It will be noted that Morley (1910) indicates, on his early plan of the group, a series of rooms at two levels, across the western side of the pyramid, whereas on his map he shows rooms on the PALENQUE: TEMPLE OF THE FOLIATED CROSS (#A1_243) home:: map:: next. Palenque: Temple of the Foliated Cross . The entire front wall and mansard roof of the Temple of the Foliated Cross have fallen, which gives the building its unusualappearance.
COPAN: JAGUAR STAIRCASE (#A1_1177) Copan: Jaguar Staircase, East Court "Beneath the giant head of the Jaguar God that crowns the western stairway are two dancing Waterlily Jaguars that flank it at the stairway's base. They seem to function as zoomorphic adjuncts or avatars of the anthropomorphic deity framed by Venus symbolsIn various contexts, theWaterlily
INTRODUCTION
Introduction. T he Maya were concerned with creating monumental ceremonial spaces, often astronomically aligned, within which ritual and political theater could take place. This website was begun after my first visit to the Yucatan in 1995, and is an attempt to share photos and impressions of that astonishing ancient architecture whichI had
PALENQUE SITE ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUM map: : : bottom. Museo de Sitio de Palenque "Alberto Ruz Lhuillier" The wonderful site museum at Palenque commemorates the archaeologist Alberto Ruz and his 1952 discovery of Pakal's extraordinary tomb at the base of an interior stair within the Temple of the Inscriptions.. The exhibits at the museum underscore Palenque's signature ability to create sensitive personal portraiture, with itsPHOTOS FROM IZAMAL
Photos1 deal with the Franciscan mission and Fra Diego de Landa. Photos2 deal with the Maya pyramid of Kinich Kak Mo. In Izamal, more than anywhere else in the Yucatan, the superimposition of Catholicism and Spanish culture on top of Mayan tradition is visible. Long before the Spanish arrived, Izamal had been a prosperous ancient city,occupied
ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE MAP Ek Balam map from sign at site. Ek Balam was important during the Late Classic period, specifically between 770 and 801 AD during the rulership of Ukit Kan Lek Tok, who founded the Tolol dynasty there. Ek Balam is known best for a spectacular temple/tomb on the fourth level of Structure 1, which is also known as "The Acropolis" and as "LaTorre".
PHOTOS FROM YAXCHILAN Photos from Yaxchilan. home :: journey :: photos. " Yaxchilan, with Tikal, Copan, Piedras Negras, and Palenque, is one of the most important Classic Period Maya cities in terms of its size and the number and quality of its monuments. It is best known for its sixty carved lintels, which, aside from being aesthetically interesting,depict Maya
PHOTOS FROM THE MAYAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF BECAN photos. Becan means "ravine or canyon formed by water" in Maya, and refers to the moat that surrounds the city. Becan, however, is not an old or authentic place name, but was conferred on the site in 1934 by archaeologists of the Third Campeche Expedition sponsored by the Division of Historical Research of the Carnegie Institution ofWashington D.C.
PHOTOS FROM CALAKMUL Photos from Calakmul. home :: photos. Cyrus L. Lundell, a biologist employed by the Mexican Exploitation Chicle Company, visited Calakmul on December 29, 1931. Although the site was known by chicleros even before that time, Lundell was the first to make it known to the archaeological community, and in March 1932 went to Chichen Itza toreport
PHOTOS FROM THE ANCIENT MAYAN SITE OF COPAN The Copan River has wantonly changed its course to gnaw at the east side of the Acropolis. It has devoured entire several buildings and has washed away thousands of tons of stone, leaving exposed a vertical cut a hundred and eighty-five feet in height. Seen thus in section, ancient plaza floors and the remains of partially dismantled walls HOCHOB: STRUCTURE I (#C3_039) Hochob, Structure I The stair leading to the entrance to this temple represents the monster mouth lower jaw. A magnificent array of curved fangs is COPAN: JAGUAR STAIRCASE (#A1_1177) Copan: Jaguar Staircase, East Court "Beneath the giant head of the Jaguar God that crowns the western stairway are two dancing Waterlily Jaguars that flank it at the stairway's base. They seem to function as zoomorphic adjuncts or avatars of the anthropomorphic deity framed by Venus symbolsIn various contexts, theWaterlily
MAYA RUINS OF CENTRAL AMERICA Maya civilization developed and flourished in Central America beginning in the Pre-Classic era (300 BC - 250 AD) and continued on through the Late Classic (600 AD - 900 AD) and into the Post Classic, from 900 AD until about 1500 AD when the Spanish conquistadores & Franciscan friars arrived around 1564. The Maya were the most advancedINTRODUCTION
Introduction. T he Maya were concerned with creating monumental ceremonial spaces, often astronomically aligned, within which ritual and political theater could take place. This website was begun after my first visit to the Yucatan in 1995, and is an attempt to share photos and impressions of that astonishing ancient architecture whichI had
YUCATAN PENINSULA ARCHAEOLOGICAL MAP Puuc sites located further to the north flourished in the Late Classic Period (600 -- 900 AD). Uxmal is the quintessential example of Puuc architecture: elegant palace-like structures with smooth limestone veneer walls topped with intricate mosaic friezes. Uxmal is surrounded by satellite sites of Sayil, Kabah, Labna, Xlapak, and Chacmultun. PHOTOS FROMTHE MAYAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF DZIBILNOCAC Photos fromthe Mayan Archaeological Site of Dzibilnocac. home :: photos. Dzibilnocac means "Painted Vault" in Maya. Stephens & Catherwood visited the town of Iturbide, where the ruins of Dzibilnocac are located, during their 1841 expedition. Iturbide was atthe frontier of
PHOTOS FROM UAXACTUN Photos from Uaxactun. home :: pots :: photos. " Uaxactun is located some 40 km north of Tikal, and although it is substantially smaller than Tikal, its span of occupation seems to have been about the same, with origins in the Middle Preclassic and abandonment by the Early Postclassic. Research conducted at Uaxactun from 1926 to 1937established
PALENQUE SITE ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUM Pakal the Great "Palenque sculptors captured the essence of a youthful Pakal the Great in this modeled stucco head, discovered under the sarcophagus in which the king was interred, deep within the Temple of Inscriptions." Mary Miller & Simon Martin, Courtly Art of the Ancient Maya, p. 214 Pakal ascended the throne in AD 615 at the age of 12 during dark and turbulent times. TIKAL: MALER'S PALACE (#R1_095) home:: map:: next. Tikal: Maler's Palace "The lower story of Maler's Palace is composed of a series of rooms, arranged in two parallel ranges with additional rooms set at right-angles at the ends to form an "I" plan (see diagram).A carved frieze is visible above the three doorways facing the court, and a few remaining traces on other sides indicate that this frieze SOUTH TEMPLE/PIGEONS GROUP The South Group Pollack, who did fieldwork under the auspices of the Carnegie Institution of Washington in 1932-1940, writes: "This is the great pyramid temple at the southern end of the South Group.It will be noted that Morley (1910) indicates, on his early plan of the group, a series of rooms at two levels, across the western side of the pyramid, whereas on his map he shows rooms on the PALENQUE: TEMPLE OF THE FOLIATED CROSS (#A1_243) home:: map:: next. Palenque: Temple of the Foliated Cross . The entire front wall and mansard roof of the Temple of the Foliated Cross have fallen, which gives the building its unusualappearance.
COPAN: JAGUAR STAIRCASE (#A1_1177) Copan: Jaguar Staircase, East Court "Beneath the giant head of the Jaguar God that crowns the western stairway are two dancing Waterlily Jaguars that flank it at the stairway's base. They seem to function as zoomorphic adjuncts or avatars of the anthropomorphic deity framed by Venus symbolsIn various contexts, theWaterlily
MAYA RUINS OF CENTRAL AMERICA Maya civilization developed and flourished in Central America beginning in the Pre-Classic era (300 BC - 250 AD) and continued on through the Late Classic (600 AD - 900 AD) and into the Post Classic, from 900 AD until about 1500 AD when the Spanish conquistadores & Franciscan friars arrived around 1564. The Maya were the most advancedINTRODUCTION
Introduction. T he Maya were concerned with creating monumental ceremonial spaces, often astronomically aligned, within which ritual and political theater could take place. This website was begun after my first visit to the Yucatan in 1995, and is an attempt to share photos and impressions of that astonishing ancient architecture whichI had
YUCATAN PENINSULA ARCHAEOLOGICAL MAP Puuc sites located further to the north flourished in the Late Classic Period (600 -- 900 AD). Uxmal is the quintessential example of Puuc architecture: elegant palace-like structures with smooth limestone veneer walls topped with intricate mosaic friezes. Uxmal is surrounded by satellite sites of Sayil, Kabah, Labna, Xlapak, and Chacmultun. PHOTOS FROMTHE MAYAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF DZIBILNOCAC Photos fromthe Mayan Archaeological Site of Dzibilnocac. home :: photos. Dzibilnocac means "Painted Vault" in Maya. Stephens & Catherwood visited the town of Iturbide, where the ruins of Dzibilnocac are located, during their 1841 expedition. Iturbide was atthe frontier of
PHOTOS FROM UAXACTUN Photos from Uaxactun. home :: pots :: photos. " Uaxactun is located some 40 km north of Tikal, and although it is substantially smaller than Tikal, its span of occupation seems to have been about the same, with origins in the Middle Preclassic and abandonment by the Early Postclassic. Research conducted at Uaxactun from 1926 to 1937established
PALENQUE SITE ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUM Pakal the Great "Palenque sculptors captured the essence of a youthful Pakal the Great in this modeled stucco head, discovered under the sarcophagus in which the king was interred, deep within the Temple of Inscriptions." Mary Miller & Simon Martin, Courtly Art of the Ancient Maya, p. 214 Pakal ascended the throne in AD 615 at the age of 12 during dark and turbulent times. TIKAL: MALER'S PALACE (#R1_095) home:: map:: next. Tikal: Maler's Palace "The lower story of Maler's Palace is composed of a series of rooms, arranged in two parallel ranges with additional rooms set at right-angles at the ends to form an "I" plan (see diagram).A carved frieze is visible above the three doorways facing the court, and a few remaining traces on other sides indicate that this frieze SOUTH TEMPLE/PIGEONS GROUP The South Group Pollack, who did fieldwork under the auspices of the Carnegie Institution of Washington in 1932-1940, writes: "This is the great pyramid temple at the southern end of the South Group.It will be noted that Morley (1910) indicates, on his early plan of the group, a series of rooms at two levels, across the western side of the pyramid, whereas on his map he shows rooms on the PALENQUE: TEMPLE OF THE FOLIATED CROSS (#A1_243) home:: map:: next. Palenque: Temple of the Foliated Cross . The entire front wall and mansard roof of the Temple of the Foliated Cross have fallen, which gives the building its unusualappearance.
COPAN: JAGUAR STAIRCASE (#A1_1177) Copan: Jaguar Staircase, East Court "Beneath the giant head of the Jaguar God that crowns the western stairway are two dancing Waterlily Jaguars that flank it at the stairway's base. They seem to function as zoomorphic adjuncts or avatars of the anthropomorphic deity framed by Venus symbolsIn various contexts, theWaterlily
INTRODUCTION
Introduction. T he Maya were concerned with creating monumental ceremonial spaces, often astronomically aligned, within which ritual and political theater could take place. This website was begun after my first visit to the Yucatan in 1995, and is an attempt to share photos and impressions of that astonishing ancient architecture whichI had
PALENQUE SITE ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUM map: : : bottom. Museo de Sitio de Palenque "Alberto Ruz Lhuillier" The wonderful site museum at Palenque commemorates the archaeologist Alberto Ruz and his 1952 discovery of Pakal's extraordinary tomb at the base of an interior stair within the Temple of the Inscriptions.. The exhibits at the museum underscore Palenque's signature ability to create sensitive personal portraiture, with itsPHOTOS FROM IZAMAL
Photos1 deal with the Franciscan mission and Fra Diego de Landa. Photos2 deal with the Maya pyramid of Kinich Kak Mo. In Izamal, more than anywhere else in the Yucatan, the superimposition of Catholicism and Spanish culture on top of Mayan tradition is visible. Long before the Spanish arrived, Izamal had been a prosperous ancient city,occupied
ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE MAP Ek Balam map from sign at site. Ek Balam was important during the Late Classic period, specifically between 770 and 801 AD during the rulership of Ukit Kan Lek Tok, who founded the Tolol dynasty there. Ek Balam is known best for a spectacular temple/tomb on the fourth level of Structure 1, which is also known as "The Acropolis" and as "LaTorre".
PHOTOS FROM YAXCHILAN Photos from Yaxchilan. home :: journey :: photos. " Yaxchilan, with Tikal, Copan, Piedras Negras, and Palenque, is one of the most important Classic Period Maya cities in terms of its size and the number and quality of its monuments. It is best known for its sixty carved lintels, which, aside from being aesthetically interesting,depict Maya
PHOTOS FROM THE MAYAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF BECAN photos. Becan means "ravine or canyon formed by water" in Maya, and refers to the moat that surrounds the city. Becan, however, is not an old or authentic place name, but was conferred on the site in 1934 by archaeologists of the Third Campeche Expedition sponsored by the Division of Historical Research of the Carnegie Institution ofWashington D.C.
PHOTOS FROM CALAKMUL Photos from Calakmul. home :: photos. Cyrus L. Lundell, a biologist employed by the Mexican Exploitation Chicle Company, visited Calakmul on December 29, 1931. Although the site was known by chicleros even before that time, Lundell was the first to make it known to the archaeological community, and in March 1932 went to Chichen Itza toreport
PHOTOS FROM THE ANCIENT MAYAN SITE OF COPAN The Copan River has wantonly changed its course to gnaw at the east side of the Acropolis. It has devoured entire several buildings and has washed away thousands of tons of stone, leaving exposed a vertical cut a hundred and eighty-five feet in height. Seen thus in section, ancient plaza floors and the remains of partially dismantled walls HOCHOB: STRUCTURE I (#C3_039) Hochob, Structure I The stair leading to the entrance to this temple represents the monster mouth lower jaw. A magnificent array of curved fangs is COPAN: JAGUAR STAIRCASE (#A1_1177) Copan: Jaguar Staircase, East Court "Beneath the giant head of the Jaguar God that crowns the western stairway are two dancing Waterlily Jaguars that flank it at the stairway's base. They seem to function as zoomorphic adjuncts or avatars of the anthropomorphic deity framed by Venus symbolsIn various contexts, theWaterlily
MAYA RUINS OF CENTRAL AMERICA Maya civilization developed and flourished in Central America beginning in the Pre-Classic era (300 BC - 250 AD) and continued on through the Late Classic (600 AD - 900 AD) and into the Post Classic, from 900 AD until about 1500 AD when the Spanish conquistadores & Franciscan friars arrived around 1564. The Maya were the most advanced PALENQUE SITE ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUM Pakal the Great "Palenque sculptors captured the essence of a youthful Pakal the Great in this modeled stucco head, discovered under the sarcophagus in which the king was interred, deep within the Temple of Inscriptions." Mary Miller & Simon Martin, Courtly Art of the Ancient Maya, p. 214 Pakal ascended the throne in AD 615 at the age of 12 during dark and turbulent times. PHOTOS FROMTHE MAYAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF DZIBILNOCAC Photos fromthe Mayan Archaeological Site of Dzibilnocac. home :: photos. Dzibilnocac means "Painted Vault" in Maya. Stephens & Catherwood visited the town of Iturbide, where the ruins of Dzibilnocac are located, during their 1841 expedition. Iturbide was atthe frontier of
PHOTOS FROM UAXACTUN Photos from Uaxactun. home :: pots :: photos. " Uaxactun is located some 40 km north of Tikal, and although it is substantially smaller than Tikal, its span of occupation seems to have been about the same, with origins in the Middle Preclassic and abandonment by the Early Postclassic. Research conducted at Uaxactun from 1926 to 1937established
ARCHAEOLOGICAL MAP OF UXMAL A Note on the Architecture of Uxmal. A t Uxmal, legible calendar dates and ruler names from inscriptions are scarce, but those that exist primarily involve Lord Chac, the ruler who presided over the brilliant but brief florescence of Uxmal around 895–908 AD and who created its greatest architectural triumphs, including the Nunnery Quadrangle TIKAL: MALER'S PALACE (#R1_095) home:: map:: next. Tikal: Maler's Palace "The lower story of Maler's Palace is composed of a series of rooms, arranged in two parallel ranges with additional rooms set at right-angles at the ends to form an "I" plan (see diagram).A carved frieze is visible above the three doorways facing the court, and a few remaining traces on other sides indicate that this frieze XUNANTUNICH: EAST FRIEZE (#B2_067) Xunantunich: East Freize "Three monumental masks, located over three original doorways into A-6-2nd, are found within the lower register. The masks on both ends of the frieze seem to be identical and may represent the World Tree or central axis of the Maya world. The central mask, now visible only in the drawing, mayrepresent
COPAN: JAGUAR STAIRCASE (#A1_1177) Copan: Jaguar Staircase, East Court "Beneath the giant head of the Jaguar God that crowns the western stairway are two dancing Waterlily Jaguars that flank it at the stairway's base. They seem to function as zoomorphic adjuncts or avatars of the anthropomorphic deity framed by Venus symbolsIn various contexts, theWaterlily
HOCHOB: STRUCTURE I (#C3_019) home:: back:: next. Hochob, Structure I "For the rest, the doorway as such seems to have been a more orthodox and common version than that of Structure 2, and in regard to its volume composition and general design, this building falls more clearly within a series of Chenes regional tendencies that include, among other characteristic elements, a notable vertical frieze set off HORMIGUERO: STRUCTURE II (#C4_038) home:: map:: next. Hormiguero, Structure II "As a center finial an unusual statue also stands out, with crossed legs and face covered by a voluminous mask with round eyes and a cross-shaped nose ornament, wearing a kind of cape on its back. MAYA RUINS OF CENTRAL AMERICA Maya civilization developed and flourished in Central America beginning in the Pre-Classic era (300 BC - 250 AD) and continued on through the Late Classic (600 AD - 900 AD) and into the Post Classic, from 900 AD until about 1500 AD when the Spanish conquistadores & Franciscan friars arrived around 1564. The Maya were the most advanced PALENQUE SITE ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUM Pakal the Great "Palenque sculptors captured the essence of a youthful Pakal the Great in this modeled stucco head, discovered under the sarcophagus in which the king was interred, deep within the Temple of Inscriptions." Mary Miller & Simon Martin, Courtly Art of the Ancient Maya, p. 214 Pakal ascended the throne in AD 615 at the age of 12 during dark and turbulent times. PHOTOS FROMTHE MAYAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF DZIBILNOCAC Photos fromthe Mayan Archaeological Site of Dzibilnocac. home :: photos. Dzibilnocac means "Painted Vault" in Maya. Stephens & Catherwood visited the town of Iturbide, where the ruins of Dzibilnocac are located, during their 1841 expedition. Iturbide was atthe frontier of
PHOTOS FROM UAXACTUN Photos from Uaxactun. home :: pots :: photos. " Uaxactun is located some 40 km north of Tikal, and although it is substantially smaller than Tikal, its span of occupation seems to have been about the same, with origins in the Middle Preclassic and abandonment by the Early Postclassic. Research conducted at Uaxactun from 1926 to 1937established
ARCHAEOLOGICAL MAP OF UXMAL A Note on the Architecture of Uxmal. A t Uxmal, legible calendar dates and ruler names from inscriptions are scarce, but those that exist primarily involve Lord Chac, the ruler who presided over the brilliant but brief florescence of Uxmal around 895–908 AD and who created its greatest architectural triumphs, including the Nunnery Quadrangle TIKAL: MALER'S PALACE (#R1_095) home:: map:: next. Tikal: Maler's Palace "The lower story of Maler's Palace is composed of a series of rooms, arranged in two parallel ranges with additional rooms set at right-angles at the ends to form an "I" plan (see diagram).A carved frieze is visible above the three doorways facing the court, and a few remaining traces on other sides indicate that this frieze XUNANTUNICH: EAST FRIEZE (#B2_067) Xunantunich: East Freize "Three monumental masks, located over three original doorways into A-6-2nd, are found within the lower register. The masks on both ends of the frieze seem to be identical and may represent the World Tree or central axis of the Maya world. The central mask, now visible only in the drawing, mayrepresent
COPAN: JAGUAR STAIRCASE (#A1_1177) Copan: Jaguar Staircase, East Court "Beneath the giant head of the Jaguar God that crowns the western stairway are two dancing Waterlily Jaguars that flank it at the stairway's base. They seem to function as zoomorphic adjuncts or avatars of the anthropomorphic deity framed by Venus symbolsIn various contexts, theWaterlily
HOCHOB: STRUCTURE I (#C3_019) home:: back:: next. Hochob, Structure I "For the rest, the doorway as such seems to have been a more orthodox and common version than that of Structure 2, and in regard to its volume composition and general design, this building falls more clearly within a series of Chenes regional tendencies that include, among other characteristic elements, a notable vertical frieze set off HORMIGUERO: STRUCTURE II (#C4_038) home:: map:: next. Hormiguero, Structure II "As a center finial an unusual statue also stands out, with crossed legs and face covered by a voluminous mask with round eyes and a cross-shaped nose ornament, wearing a kind of cape on its back. MAYA RUINS OF CENTRAL AMERICA Click on graphic to enter the Maya Ruins website Maya civilization developed and flourished in Central America beginning in the Pre-Classic era (300 BC - 250 AD) and continued on through the Late Classic (600 AD - 900 AD) and into the Post Classic, from 900 AD until about 1500 AD when the Spanish conquistadores & Franciscan friars arrived around 1564. YUCATAN PENINSULA ARCHAEOLOGICAL MAP Puuc sites located further to the north flourished in the Late Classic Period (600 -- 900 AD). Uxmal is the quintessential example of Puuc architecture: elegant palace-like structures with smooth limestone veneer walls topped with intricate mosaic friezes. Uxmal is surrounded by satellite sites of Sayil, Kabah, Labna, Xlapak, and Chacmultun.PHOTOS FROM IZAMAL
Photos1 deal with the Franciscan mission and Fra Diego de Landa. Photos2 deal with the Maya pyramid of Kinich Kak Mo. In Izamal, more than anywhere else in the Yucatan, the superimposition of Catholicism and Spanish culture on top of Mayan tradition is visible. Long before the Spanish arrived, Izamal had been a prosperous ancient city,occupied
PHOTOS FROM THE MAYAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF EDZNA Edzna means House of the Grimace in Maya. Photos1 are seven photographs of the beautiful Puuc style Palace of Five Stories. Photos2 are five photographs of the famous Edzna early classic stucco masks. "Southernmost of the Puuc sites is Etzna (or Edzna), best known for its five-storied structure which combines features of pyramids andpalaces.
CHICANNÁ: GROUP D (#C4_052) home:: map:: next. Chicanná: Group D, Structure XX "At each corner of the upper structure, the sepent-mouth motif is flanked by vertical rows of long-nosed masks, minus lower jaws, of the same general sculptural character as the larger motif. CHICANNA: STR. XX (#M2_028) home:: map:: next. Chicanna: Structure XX . Sculptured corner masks and remains of profile open serpent mouth motif at south side. The outer wall of the upper vaulted room, which supported the front-facing monster mask, has fallen and taken thatmask with it.
HOCHOB: STRUCTURE I (#C3_039) Hochob, Structure I The stair leading to the entrance to this temple represents the monster mouth lower jaw. A magnificent array of curved fangs is CHACMULTUN: XETPOL GROUP, BUILDING XX (#M1_095) home:: map:: next. Xetpol Group, Building XX . Building XX, like other buildings at this site, probably had several stages of construction. The HORMIGUERO: STRUCTURE II (#C4_038) home:: map:: next. Hormiguero, Structure II "As a center finial an unusual statue also stands out, with crossed legs and face covered by a voluminous mask with round eyes and a cross-shaped nose ornament, wearing a kind of cape on its back. CHACMULTUN: XETPOL GROUP, BUILDING XX (#M1_096) home:: map:: next. Chacmultun: Xetpol Group, Building XX . The Xetpol Group does not get a lot of visitors. We thought we smelled jaguar or mountain lion on the path up the hill, and again in back of this building. MAYA RUINS OF CENTRAL AMERICA Maya civilization developed and flourished in Central America beginning in the Pre-Classic era (300 BC - 250 AD) and continued on through the Late Classic (600 AD - 900 AD) and into the Post Classic, from 900 AD until about 1500 AD when the Spanish conquistadores & Franciscan friars arrived around 1564. The Maya were the most advanced PALENQUE SITE ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUM Pakal the Great "Palenque sculptors captured the essence of a youthful Pakal the Great in this modeled stucco head, discovered under the sarcophagus in which the king was interred, deep within the Temple of Inscriptions." Mary Miller & Simon Martin, Courtly Art of the Ancient Maya, p. 214 Pakal ascended the throne in AD 615 at the age of 12 during dark and turbulent times. PHOTOS FROMTHE MAYAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF DZIBILNOCAC Photos fromthe Mayan Archaeological Site of Dzibilnocac. home :: photos. Dzibilnocac means "Painted Vault" in Maya. Stephens & Catherwood visited the town of Iturbide, where the ruins of Dzibilnocac are located, during their 1841 expedition. Iturbide was atthe frontier of
PHOTOS FROM UAXACTUN Photos from Uaxactun. home :: pots :: photos. " Uaxactun is located some 40 km north of Tikal, and although it is substantially smaller than Tikal, its span of occupation seems to have been about the same, with origins in the Middle Preclassic and abandonment by the Early Postclassic. Research conducted at Uaxactun from 1926 to 1937established
ARCHAEOLOGICAL MAP OF UXMAL A Note on the Architecture of Uxmal. A t Uxmal, legible calendar dates and ruler names from inscriptions are scarce, but those that exist primarily involve Lord Chac, the ruler who presided over the brilliant but brief florescence of Uxmal around 895–908 AD and who created its greatest architectural triumphs, including the Nunnery Quadrangle TIKAL: MALER'S PALACE (#R1_095) home:: map:: next. Tikal: Maler's Palace "The lower story of Maler's Palace is composed of a series of rooms, arranged in two parallel ranges with additional rooms set at right-angles at the ends to form an "I" plan (see diagram).A carved frieze is visible above the three doorways facing the court, and a few remaining traces on other sides indicate that this frieze XUNANTUNICH: EAST FRIEZE (#B2_067) Xunantunich: East Freize "Three monumental masks, located over three original doorways into A-6-2nd, are found within the lower register. The masks on both ends of the frieze seem to be identical and may represent the World Tree or central axis of the Maya world. The central mask, now visible only in the drawing, mayrepresent
COPAN: JAGUAR STAIRCASE (#A1_1177) Copan: Jaguar Staircase, East Court "Beneath the giant head of the Jaguar God that crowns the western stairway are two dancing Waterlily Jaguars that flank it at the stairway's base. They seem to function as zoomorphic adjuncts or avatars of the anthropomorphic deity framed by Venus symbolsIn various contexts, theWaterlily
HOCHOB: STRUCTURE I (#C3_019) home:: back:: next. Hochob, Structure I "For the rest, the doorway as such seems to have been a more orthodox and common version than that of Structure 2, and in regard to its volume composition and general design, this building falls more clearly within a series of Chenes regional tendencies that include, among other characteristic elements, a notable vertical frieze set off HORMIGUERO: STRUCTURE II (#C4_038) home:: map:: next. Hormiguero, Structure II "As a center finial an unusual statue also stands out, with crossed legs and face covered by a voluminous mask with round eyes and a cross-shaped nose ornament, wearing a kind of cape on its back. MAYA RUINS OF CENTRAL AMERICA Maya civilization developed and flourished in Central America beginning in the Pre-Classic era (300 BC - 250 AD) and continued on through the Late Classic (600 AD - 900 AD) and into the Post Classic, from 900 AD until about 1500 AD when the Spanish conquistadores & Franciscan friars arrived around 1564. The Maya were the most advanced PALENQUE SITE ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUM Pakal the Great "Palenque sculptors captured the essence of a youthful Pakal the Great in this modeled stucco head, discovered under the sarcophagus in which the king was interred, deep within the Temple of Inscriptions." Mary Miller & Simon Martin, Courtly Art of the Ancient Maya, p. 214 Pakal ascended the throne in AD 615 at the age of 12 during dark and turbulent times. PHOTOS FROMTHE MAYAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF DZIBILNOCAC Photos fromthe Mayan Archaeological Site of Dzibilnocac. home :: photos. Dzibilnocac means "Painted Vault" in Maya. Stephens & Catherwood visited the town of Iturbide, where the ruins of Dzibilnocac are located, during their 1841 expedition. Iturbide was atthe frontier of
PHOTOS FROM UAXACTUN Photos from Uaxactun. home :: pots :: photos. " Uaxactun is located some 40 km north of Tikal, and although it is substantially smaller than Tikal, its span of occupation seems to have been about the same, with origins in the Middle Preclassic and abandonment by the Early Postclassic. Research conducted at Uaxactun from 1926 to 1937established
ARCHAEOLOGICAL MAP OF UXMAL A Note on the Architecture of Uxmal. A t Uxmal, legible calendar dates and ruler names from inscriptions are scarce, but those that exist primarily involve Lord Chac, the ruler who presided over the brilliant but brief florescence of Uxmal around 895–908 AD and who created its greatest architectural triumphs, including the Nunnery Quadrangle TIKAL: MALER'S PALACE (#R1_095) home:: map:: next. Tikal: Maler's Palace "The lower story of Maler's Palace is composed of a series of rooms, arranged in two parallel ranges with additional rooms set at right-angles at the ends to form an "I" plan (see diagram).A carved frieze is visible above the three doorways facing the court, and a few remaining traces on other sides indicate that this frieze XUNANTUNICH: EAST FRIEZE (#B2_067) Xunantunich: East Freize "Three monumental masks, located over three original doorways into A-6-2nd, are found within the lower register. The masks on both ends of the frieze seem to be identical and may represent the World Tree or central axis of the Maya world. The central mask, now visible only in the drawing, mayrepresent
COPAN: JAGUAR STAIRCASE (#A1_1177) Copan: Jaguar Staircase, East Court "Beneath the giant head of the Jaguar God that crowns the western stairway are two dancing Waterlily Jaguars that flank it at the stairway's base. They seem to function as zoomorphic adjuncts or avatars of the anthropomorphic deity framed by Venus symbolsIn various contexts, theWaterlily
HOCHOB: STRUCTURE I (#C3_019) home:: back:: next. Hochob, Structure I "For the rest, the doorway as such seems to have been a more orthodox and common version than that of Structure 2, and in regard to its volume composition and general design, this building falls more clearly within a series of Chenes regional tendencies that include, among other characteristic elements, a notable vertical frieze set off HORMIGUERO: STRUCTURE II (#C4_038) home:: map:: next. Hormiguero, Structure II "As a center finial an unusual statue also stands out, with crossed legs and face covered by a voluminous mask with round eyes and a cross-shaped nose ornament, wearing a kind of cape on its back. MAYA RUINS OF CENTRAL AMERICA Click on graphic to enter the Maya Ruins website Maya civilization developed and flourished in Central America beginning in the Pre-Classic era (300 BC - 250 AD) and continued on through the Late Classic (600 AD - 900 AD) and into the Post Classic, from 900 AD until about 1500 AD when the Spanish conquistadores & Franciscan friars arrived around 1564. YUCATAN PENINSULA ARCHAEOLOGICAL MAP Puuc sites located further to the north flourished in the Late Classic Period (600 -- 900 AD). Uxmal is the quintessential example of Puuc architecture: elegant palace-like structures with smooth limestone veneer walls topped with intricate mosaic friezes. Uxmal is surrounded by satellite sites of Sayil, Kabah, Labna, Xlapak, and Chacmultun.PHOTOS FROM IZAMAL
Photos1 deal with the Franciscan mission and Fra Diego de Landa. Photos2 deal with the Maya pyramid of Kinich Kak Mo. In Izamal, more than anywhere else in the Yucatan, the superimposition of Catholicism and Spanish culture on top of Mayan tradition is visible. Long before the Spanish arrived, Izamal had been a prosperous ancient city,occupied
PHOTOS FROM THE MAYAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF EDZNA Edzna means House of the Grimace in Maya. Photos1 are seven photographs of the beautiful Puuc style Palace of Five Stories. Photos2 are five photographs of the famous Edzna early classic stucco masks. "Southernmost of the Puuc sites is Etzna (or Edzna), best known for its five-storied structure which combines features of pyramids andpalaces.
CHICANNÁ: GROUP D (#C4_052) home:: map:: next. Chicanná: Group D, Structure XX "At each corner of the upper structure, the sepent-mouth motif is flanked by vertical rows of long-nosed masks, minus lower jaws, of the same general sculptural character as the larger motif. CHICANNA: STR. XX (#M2_028) home:: map:: next. Chicanna: Structure XX . Sculptured corner masks and remains of profile open serpent mouth motif at south side. The outer wall of the upper vaulted room, which supported the front-facing monster mask, has fallen and taken thatmask with it.
HOCHOB: STRUCTURE I (#C3_039) Hochob, Structure I The stair leading to the entrance to this temple represents the monster mouth lower jaw. A magnificent array of curved fangs is CHACMULTUN: XETPOL GROUP, BUILDING XX (#M1_095) home:: map:: next. Xetpol Group, Building XX . Building XX, like other buildings at this site, probably had several stages of construction. The HORMIGUERO: STRUCTURE II (#C4_038) home:: map:: next. Hormiguero, Structure II "As a center finial an unusual statue also stands out, with crossed legs and face covered by a voluminous mask with round eyes and a cross-shaped nose ornament, wearing a kind of cape on its back. CHACMULTUN: XETPOL GROUP, BUILDING XX (#M1_096) home:: map:: next. Chacmultun: Xetpol Group, Building XX . The Xetpol Group does not get a lot of visitors. We thought we smelled jaguar or mountain lion on the path up the hill, and again in back of this building. MAYA RUINS OF CENTRAL AMERICA Maya civilization developed and flourished in Central America beginning in the Pre-Classic era (300 BC - 250 AD) and continued on through the Late Classic (600 AD - 900 AD) and into the Post Classic, from 900 AD until about 1500 AD when the Spanish conquistadores & Franciscan friars arrived around 1564. The Maya were the most advancedINTRODUCTION
Introduction. T he Maya were concerned with creating monumental ceremonial spaces, often astronomically aligned, within which ritual and political theater could take place. This website was begun after my first visit to the Yucatan in 1995, and is an attempt to share photos and impressions of that astonishing ancient architecture whichI had
YUCATAN PENINSULA ARCHAEOLOGICAL MAP Puuc sites located further to the north flourished in the Late Classic Period (600 -- 900 AD). Uxmal is the quintessential example of Puuc architecture: elegant palace-like structures with smooth limestone veneer walls topped with intricate mosaic friezes. Uxmal is surrounded by satellite sites of Sayil, Kabah, Labna, Xlapak, and Chacmultun. PHOTOS FROMTHE MAYAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF DZIBILNOCAC Photos fromthe Mayan Archaeological Site of Dzibilnocac. home :: photos. Dzibilnocac means "Painted Vault" in Maya. Stephens & Catherwood visited the town of Iturbide, where the ruins of Dzibilnocac are located, during their 1841 expedition. Iturbide was atthe frontier of
PALENQUE SITE ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUM Pakal the Great "Palenque sculptors captured the essence of a youthful Pakal the Great in this modeled stucco head, discovered under the sarcophagus in which the king was interred, deep within the Temple of Inscriptions." Mary Miller & Simon Martin, Courtly Art of the Ancient Maya, p. 214 Pakal ascended the throne in AD 615 at the age of 12 during dark and turbulent times. PHOTOS FROM UAXACTUN Photos from Uaxactun. home :: pots :: photos. " Uaxactun is located some 40 km north of Tikal, and although it is substantially smaller than Tikal, its span of occupation seems to have been about the same, with origins in the Middle Preclassic and abandonment by the Early Postclassic. Research conducted at Uaxactun from 1926 to 1937established
PHOTOS FROM THE MAYAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF EDZNA Edzna means House of the Grimace in Maya. Photos1 are seven photographs of the beautiful Puuc style Palace of Five Stories. Photos2 are five photographs of the famous Edzna early classic stucco masks. "Southernmost of the Puuc sites is Etzna (or Edzna), best known for its five-storied structure which combines features of pyramids andpalaces.
PHOTOS FROM IZAMAL
Photos1 deal with the Franciscan mission and Fra Diego de Landa. Photos2 deal with the Maya pyramid of Kinich Kak Mo. In Izamal, more than anywhere else in the Yucatan, the superimposition of Catholicism and Spanish culture on top of Mayan tradition is visible. Long before the Spanish arrived, Izamal had been a prosperous ancient city,occupied
TIKAL: MALER'S PALACE (#R1_095) home:: map:: next. Tikal: Maler's Palace "The lower story of Maler's Palace is composed of a series of rooms, arranged in two parallel ranges with additional rooms set at right-angles at the ends to form an "I" plan (see diagram).A carved frieze is visible above the three doorways facing the court, and a few remaining traces on other sides indicate that this frieze XUNANTUNICH: EAST FRIEZE (#B2_067) Xunantunich: East Freize "Three monumental masks, located over three original doorways into A-6-2nd, are found within the lower register. The masks on both ends of the frieze seem to be identical and may represent the World Tree or central axis of the Maya world. The central mask, now visible only in the drawing, mayrepresent
MAYA RUINS OF CENTRAL AMERICA Maya civilization developed and flourished in Central America beginning in the Pre-Classic era (300 BC - 250 AD) and continued on through the Late Classic (600 AD - 900 AD) and into the Post Classic, from 900 AD until about 1500 AD when the Spanish conquistadores & Franciscan friars arrived around 1564. The Maya were the most advancedINTRODUCTION
Introduction. T he Maya were concerned with creating monumental ceremonial spaces, often astronomically aligned, within which ritual and political theater could take place. This website was begun after my first visit to the Yucatan in 1995, and is an attempt to share photos and impressions of that astonishing ancient architecture whichI had
YUCATAN PENINSULA ARCHAEOLOGICAL MAP Puuc sites located further to the north flourished in the Late Classic Period (600 -- 900 AD). Uxmal is the quintessential example of Puuc architecture: elegant palace-like structures with smooth limestone veneer walls topped with intricate mosaic friezes. Uxmal is surrounded by satellite sites of Sayil, Kabah, Labna, Xlapak, and Chacmultun. PHOTOS FROMTHE MAYAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF DZIBILNOCAC Photos fromthe Mayan Archaeological Site of Dzibilnocac. home :: photos. Dzibilnocac means "Painted Vault" in Maya. Stephens & Catherwood visited the town of Iturbide, where the ruins of Dzibilnocac are located, during their 1841 expedition. Iturbide was atthe frontier of
PALENQUE SITE ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUM Pakal the Great "Palenque sculptors captured the essence of a youthful Pakal the Great in this modeled stucco head, discovered under the sarcophagus in which the king was interred, deep within the Temple of Inscriptions." Mary Miller & Simon Martin, Courtly Art of the Ancient Maya, p. 214 Pakal ascended the throne in AD 615 at the age of 12 during dark and turbulent times. PHOTOS FROM UAXACTUN Photos from Uaxactun. home :: pots :: photos. " Uaxactun is located some 40 km north of Tikal, and although it is substantially smaller than Tikal, its span of occupation seems to have been about the same, with origins in the Middle Preclassic and abandonment by the Early Postclassic. Research conducted at Uaxactun from 1926 to 1937established
PHOTOS FROM THE MAYAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF EDZNA Edzna means House of the Grimace in Maya. Photos1 are seven photographs of the beautiful Puuc style Palace of Five Stories. Photos2 are five photographs of the famous Edzna early classic stucco masks. "Southernmost of the Puuc sites is Etzna (or Edzna), best known for its five-storied structure which combines features of pyramids andpalaces.
PHOTOS FROM IZAMAL
Photos1 deal with the Franciscan mission and Fra Diego de Landa. Photos2 deal with the Maya pyramid of Kinich Kak Mo. In Izamal, more than anywhere else in the Yucatan, the superimposition of Catholicism and Spanish culture on top of Mayan tradition is visible. Long before the Spanish arrived, Izamal had been a prosperous ancient city,occupied
TIKAL: MALER'S PALACE (#R1_095) home:: map:: next. Tikal: Maler's Palace "The lower story of Maler's Palace is composed of a series of rooms, arranged in two parallel ranges with additional rooms set at right-angles at the ends to form an "I" plan (see diagram).A carved frieze is visible above the three doorways facing the court, and a few remaining traces on other sides indicate that this frieze XUNANTUNICH: EAST FRIEZE (#B2_067) Xunantunich: East Freize "Three monumental masks, located over three original doorways into A-6-2nd, are found within the lower register. The masks on both ends of the frieze seem to be identical and may represent the World Tree or central axis of the Maya world. The central mask, now visible only in the drawing, mayrepresent
INTRODUCTION
Introduction. T he Maya were concerned with creating monumental ceremonial spaces, often astronomically aligned, within which ritual and political theater could take place. This website was begun after my first visit to the Yucatan in 1995, and is an attempt to share photos and impressions of that astonishing ancient architecture whichI had
PHOTOS FROM IZAMAL
Photos1 deal with the Franciscan mission and Fra Diego de Landa. Photos2 deal with the Maya pyramid of Kinich Kak Mo. In Izamal, more than anywhere else in the Yucatan, the superimposition of Catholicism and Spanish culture on top of Mayan tradition is visible. Long before the Spanish arrived, Izamal had been a prosperous ancient city,occupied
PHOTOS FROM THE MAYAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF EDZNA Edzna means House of the Grimace in Maya. Photos1 are seven photographs of the beautiful Puuc style Palace of Five Stories. Photos2 are five photographs of the famous Edzna early classic stucco masks. "Southernmost of the Puuc sites is Etzna (or Edzna), best known for its five-storied structure which combines features of pyramids andpalaces.
PHOTOS FROM THE MAYAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF BECAN photos. Becan means "ravine or canyon formed by water" in Maya, and refers to the moat that surrounds the city. Becan, however, is not an old or authentic place name, but was conferred on the site in 1934 by archaeologists of the Third Campeche Expedition sponsored by the Division of Historical Research of the Carnegie Institution ofWashington D.C.
PHOTOS FROM THE ANCIENT MAYAN SITE OF COPAN The Copan River has wantonly changed its course to gnaw at the east side of the Acropolis. It has devoured entire several buildings and has washed away thousands of tons of stone, leaving exposed a vertical cut a hundred and eighty-five feet in height. Seen thus in section, ancient plaza floors and the remains of partially dismantled walls TIKAL: MAP OF NORTH & CENTRAL ACROPOLIS Click on arrows to view photos of Tikal's North & Central Acropolia. This map is based on William Coe's "Tikal: A Handbook of the AncientMaya Ruins".
CHACMULTUN: CABALPAK GROUP, BLDG. V (#M1_082) home:: map:: next. Cabalpak Group: Building V . Although I did not realize it at the time, this is really a multi-storied building.Joyce Kelly writes: "It's lower story has twelve rooms, with many of the corbeled vaults intact, and with a façade that has been nicely restoredThe front of the lower-level rooms is divided by a partly restored stairway in the center. RIO BEC B(#RIO-BEC04000) home:: back. Rio Bec B from the edge of the jungle behind it . In their delightful book of aerial photographs of Mesoamerican ruins, William Ferguson & Arthur Rohn write: "Raymond E. Merwin and Clarence L. Hay discovered Río Bec B in1912.
COPAN: JAGUAR STAIRCASE (#A1_1177) Copan: Jaguar Staircase, East Court "Beneath the giant head of the Jaguar God that crowns the western stairway are two dancing Waterlily Jaguars that flank it at the stairway's base. They seem to function as zoomorphic adjuncts or avatars of the anthropomorphic deity framed by Venus symbolsIn various contexts, theWaterlily
HOCHOB: STRUCTURE I (#C3_039) Hochob, Structure I The stair leading to the entrance to this temple represents the monster mouth lower jaw. A magnificent array of curved fangs is MAYA RUINS OF CENTRAL AMERICA Maya civilization developed and flourished in Central America beginning in the Pre-Classic era (300 BC - 250 AD) and continued on through the Late Classic (600 AD - 900 AD) and into the Post Classic, from 900 AD until about 1500 AD when the Spanish conquistadores & Franciscan friars arrived around 1564. The Maya were the most advancedINTRODUCTION
Introduction. T he Maya were concerned with creating monumental ceremonial spaces, often astronomically aligned, within which ritual and political theater could take place. This website was begun after my first visit to the Yucatan in 1995, and is an attempt to share photos and impressions of that astonishing ancient architecture whichI had
YUCATAN PENINSULA ARCHAEOLOGICAL MAP Puuc sites located further to the north flourished in the Late Classic Period (600 -- 900 AD). Uxmal is the quintessential example of Puuc architecture: elegant palace-like structures with smooth limestone veneer walls topped with intricate mosaic friezes. Uxmal is surrounded by satellite sites of Sayil, Kabah, Labna, Xlapak, and Chacmultun. PHOTOS FROMTHE MAYAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF DZIBILNOCAC Photos fromthe Mayan Archaeological Site of Dzibilnocac. home :: photos. Dzibilnocac means "Painted Vault" in Maya. Stephens & Catherwood visited the town of Iturbide, where the ruins of Dzibilnocac are located, during their 1841 expedition. Iturbide was atthe frontier of
PALENQUE SITE ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUM Pakal the Great "Palenque sculptors captured the essence of a youthful Pakal the Great in this modeled stucco head, discovered under the sarcophagus in which the king was interred, deep within the Temple of Inscriptions." Mary Miller & Simon Martin, Courtly Art of the Ancient Maya, p. 214 Pakal ascended the throne in AD 615 at the age of 12 during dark and turbulent times. PHOTOS FROM UAXACTUN Photos from Uaxactun. home :: pots :: photos. " Uaxactun is located some 40 km north of Tikal, and although it is substantially smaller than Tikal, its span of occupation seems to have been about the same, with origins in the Middle Preclassic and abandonment by the Early Postclassic. Research conducted at Uaxactun from 1926 to 1937established
PHOTOS FROM THE MAYAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF EDZNA Edzna means House of the Grimace in Maya. Photos1 are seven photographs of the beautiful Puuc style Palace of Five Stories. Photos2 are five photographs of the famous Edzna early classic stucco masks. "Southernmost of the Puuc sites is Etzna (or Edzna), best known for its five-storied structure which combines features of pyramids andpalaces.
TIKAL: MALER'S PALACE (#R1_095) home:: map:: next. Tikal: Maler's Palace "The lower story of Maler's Palace is composed of a series of rooms, arranged in two parallel ranges with additional rooms set at right-angles at the ends to form an "I" plan (see diagram).A carved frieze is visible above the three doorways facing the court, and a few remaining traces on other sides indicate that this friezePHOTOS FROM IZAMAL
Photos1 deal with the Franciscan mission and Fra Diego de Landa. Photos2 deal with the Maya pyramid of Kinich Kak Mo. In Izamal, more than anywhere else in the Yucatan, the superimposition of Catholicism and Spanish culture on top of Mayan tradition is visible. Long before the Spanish arrived, Izamal had been a prosperous ancient city,occupied
XUNANTUNICH: EAST FRIEZE (#B2_067) Xunantunich: East Freize "Three monumental masks, located over three original doorways into A-6-2nd, are found within the lower register. The masks on both ends of the frieze seem to be identical and may represent the World Tree or central axis of the Maya world. The central mask, now visible only in the drawing, mayrepresent
MAYA RUINS OF CENTRAL AMERICA Maya civilization developed and flourished in Central America beginning in the Pre-Classic era (300 BC - 250 AD) and continued on through the Late Classic (600 AD - 900 AD) and into the Post Classic, from 900 AD until about 1500 AD when the Spanish conquistadores & Franciscan friars arrived around 1564. The Maya were the most advancedINTRODUCTION
Introduction. T he Maya were concerned with creating monumental ceremonial spaces, often astronomically aligned, within which ritual and political theater could take place. This website was begun after my first visit to the Yucatan in 1995, and is an attempt to share photos and impressions of that astonishing ancient architecture whichI had
YUCATAN PENINSULA ARCHAEOLOGICAL MAP Puuc sites located further to the north flourished in the Late Classic Period (600 -- 900 AD). Uxmal is the quintessential example of Puuc architecture: elegant palace-like structures with smooth limestone veneer walls topped with intricate mosaic friezes. Uxmal is surrounded by satellite sites of Sayil, Kabah, Labna, Xlapak, and Chacmultun. PHOTOS FROMTHE MAYAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF DZIBILNOCAC Photos fromthe Mayan Archaeological Site of Dzibilnocac. home :: photos. Dzibilnocac means "Painted Vault" in Maya. Stephens & Catherwood visited the town of Iturbide, where the ruins of Dzibilnocac are located, during their 1841 expedition. Iturbide was atthe frontier of
PALENQUE SITE ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUM Pakal the Great "Palenque sculptors captured the essence of a youthful Pakal the Great in this modeled stucco head, discovered under the sarcophagus in which the king was interred, deep within the Temple of Inscriptions." Mary Miller & Simon Martin, Courtly Art of the Ancient Maya, p. 214 Pakal ascended the throne in AD 615 at the age of 12 during dark and turbulent times. PHOTOS FROM UAXACTUN Photos from Uaxactun. home :: pots :: photos. " Uaxactun is located some 40 km north of Tikal, and although it is substantially smaller than Tikal, its span of occupation seems to have been about the same, with origins in the Middle Preclassic and abandonment by the Early Postclassic. Research conducted at Uaxactun from 1926 to 1937established
PHOTOS FROM THE MAYAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF EDZNA Edzna means House of the Grimace in Maya. Photos1 are seven photographs of the beautiful Puuc style Palace of Five Stories. Photos2 are five photographs of the famous Edzna early classic stucco masks. "Southernmost of the Puuc sites is Etzna (or Edzna), best known for its five-storied structure which combines features of pyramids andpalaces.
TIKAL: MALER'S PALACE (#R1_095) home:: map:: next. Tikal: Maler's Palace "The lower story of Maler's Palace is composed of a series of rooms, arranged in two parallel ranges with additional rooms set at right-angles at the ends to form an "I" plan (see diagram).A carved frieze is visible above the three doorways facing the court, and a few remaining traces on other sides indicate that this friezePHOTOS FROM IZAMAL
Photos1 deal with the Franciscan mission and Fra Diego de Landa. Photos2 deal with the Maya pyramid of Kinich Kak Mo. In Izamal, more than anywhere else in the Yucatan, the superimposition of Catholicism and Spanish culture on top of Mayan tradition is visible. Long before the Spanish arrived, Izamal had been a prosperous ancient city,occupied
XUNANTUNICH: EAST FRIEZE (#B2_067) Xunantunich: East Freize "Three monumental masks, located over three original doorways into A-6-2nd, are found within the lower register. The masks on both ends of the frieze seem to be identical and may represent the World Tree or central axis of the Maya world. The central mask, now visible only in the drawing, mayrepresent
INTRODUCTION
Introduction. T he Maya were concerned with creating monumental ceremonial spaces, often astronomically aligned, within which ritual and political theater could take place. This website was begun after my first visit to the Yucatan in 1995, and is an attempt to share photos and impressions of that astonishing ancient architecture whichI had
PHOTOS FROM IZAMAL
Photos1 deal with the Franciscan mission and Fra Diego de Landa. Photos2 deal with the Maya pyramid of Kinich Kak Mo. In Izamal, more than anywhere else in the Yucatan, the superimposition of Catholicism and Spanish culture on top of Mayan tradition is visible. Long before the Spanish arrived, Izamal had been a prosperous ancient city,occupied
PHOTOS FROM THE MAYAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF EDZNA Edzna means House of the Grimace in Maya. Photos1 are seven photographs of the beautiful Puuc style Palace of Five Stories. Photos2 are five photographs of the famous Edzna early classic stucco masks. "Southernmost of the Puuc sites is Etzna (or Edzna), best known for its five-storied structure which combines features of pyramids andpalaces.
PHOTOS FROM THE MAYAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF BECAN photos. Becan means "ravine or canyon formed by water" in Maya, and refers to the moat that surrounds the city. Becan, however, is not an old or authentic place name, but was conferred on the site in 1934 by archaeologists of the Third Campeche Expedition sponsored by the Division of Historical Research of the Carnegie Institution ofWashington D.C.
TIKAL: MAP OF NORTH & CENTRAL ACROPOLIS Click on arrows to view photos of Tikal's North & Central Acropolia. This map is based on William Coe's "Tikal: A Handbook of the AncientMaya Ruins".
RIO BEC B(#RIO-BEC04000) home:: back. Rio Bec B from the edge of the jungle behind it . In their delightful book of aerial photographs of Mesoamerican ruins, William Ferguson & Arthur Rohn write: "Raymond E. Merwin and Clarence L. Hay discovered Río Bec B in1912.
CHACMULTUN: CABALPAK GROUP, BLDG. V (#M1_082) home:: map:: next. Cabalpak Group: Building V . Although I did not realize it at the time, this is really a multi-storied building.Joyce Kelly writes: "It's lower story has twelve rooms, with many of the corbeled vaults intact, and with a façade that has been nicely restoredThe front of the lower-level rooms is divided by a partly restored stairway in the center. COPAN: JAGUAR STAIRCASE (#A1_1177) Copan: Jaguar Staircase, East Court "Beneath the giant head of the Jaguar God that crowns the western stairway are two dancing Waterlily Jaguars that flank it at the stairway's base. They seem to function as zoomorphic adjuncts or avatars of the anthropomorphic deity framed by Venus symbolsIn various contexts, theWaterlily
HOCHOB: STRUCTURE I (#C3_039) Hochob, Structure I The stair leading to the entrance to this temple represents the monster mouth lower jaw. A magnificent array of curved fangs is RIO BEC A(#RIO-BEC00600) home:: back:: next. Rio Bec A . Copyright ©2006, all rights reserved. Please send comments to: John Hagenbuch Last update MAYA RUINS OF CENTRAL AMERICA Maya civilization developed and flourished in Central America beginning in the Pre-Classic era (300 BC - 250 AD) and continued on through the Late Classic (600 AD - 900 AD) and into the Post Classic, from 900 AD until about 1500 AD when the Spanish conquistadores & Franciscan friars arrived around 1564. The Maya were the most advancedINTRODUCTION
Introduction. T he Maya were concerned with creating monumental ceremonial spaces, often astronomically aligned, within which ritual and political theater could take place. This website was begun after my first visit to the Yucatan in 1995, and is an attempt to share photos and impressions of that astonishing ancient architecture whichI had
YUCATAN PENINSULA ARCHAEOLOGICAL MAP Puuc sites located further to the north flourished in the Late Classic Period (600 -- 900 AD). Uxmal is the quintessential example of Puuc architecture: elegant palace-like structures with smooth limestone veneer walls topped with intricate mosaic friezes. Uxmal is surrounded by satellite sites of Sayil, Kabah, Labna, Xlapak, and Chacmultun. PALENQUE SITE ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUM Pakal the Great "Palenque sculptors captured the essence of a youthful Pakal the Great in this modeled stucco head, discovered under the sarcophagus in which the king was interred, deep within the Temple of Inscriptions." Mary Miller & Simon Martin, Courtly Art of the Ancient Maya, p. 214 Pakal ascended the throne in AD 615 at the age of 12 during dark and turbulent times. PHOTOS FROMTHE MAYAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF DZIBILNOCAC Photos fromthe Mayan Archaeological Site of Dzibilnocac. home :: photos. Dzibilnocac means "Painted Vault" in Maya. Stephens & Catherwood visited the town of Iturbide, where the ruins of Dzibilnocac are located, during their 1841 expedition. Iturbide was atthe frontier of
PHOTOS FROM UAXACTUN Photos from Uaxactun. home :: pots :: photos. " Uaxactun is located some 40 km north of Tikal, and although it is substantially smaller than Tikal, its span of occupation seems to have been about the same, with origins in the Middle Preclassic and abandonment by the Early Postclassic. Research conducted at Uaxactun from 1926 to 1937established
PHOTOS FROM THE MAYAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF EDZNA Edzna means House of the Grimace in Maya. Photos1 are seven photographs of the beautiful Puuc style Palace of Five Stories. Photos2 are five photographs of the famous Edzna early classic stucco masks. "Southernmost of the Puuc sites is Etzna (or Edzna), best known for its five-storied structure which combines features of pyramids andpalaces.
TIKAL: MALER'S PALACE (#R1_095) home:: map:: next. Tikal: Maler's Palace "The lower story of Maler's Palace is composed of a series of rooms, arranged in two parallel ranges with additional rooms set at right-angles at the ends to form an "I" plan (see diagram).A carved frieze is visible above the three doorways facing the court, and a few remaining traces on other sides indicate that this friezePHOTOS FROM IZAMAL
Photos1 deal with the Franciscan mission and Fra Diego de Landa. Photos2 deal with the Maya pyramid of Kinich Kak Mo. In Izamal, more than anywhere else in the Yucatan, the superimposition of Catholicism and Spanish culture on top of Mayan tradition is visible. Long before the Spanish arrived, Izamal had been a prosperous ancient city,occupied
XUNANTUNICH: EAST FRIEZE (#B2_067) Xunantunich: East Freize "Three monumental masks, located over three original doorways into A-6-2nd, are found within the lower register. The masks on both ends of the frieze seem to be identical and may represent the World Tree or central axis of the Maya world. The central mask, now visible only in the drawing, mayrepresent
MAYA RUINS OF CENTRAL AMERICA Maya civilization developed and flourished in Central America beginning in the Pre-Classic era (300 BC - 250 AD) and continued on through the Late Classic (600 AD - 900 AD) and into the Post Classic, from 900 AD until about 1500 AD when the Spanish conquistadores & Franciscan friars arrived around 1564. The Maya were the most advancedINTRODUCTION
Introduction. T he Maya were concerned with creating monumental ceremonial spaces, often astronomically aligned, within which ritual and political theater could take place. This website was begun after my first visit to the Yucatan in 1995, and is an attempt to share photos and impressions of that astonishing ancient architecture whichI had
YUCATAN PENINSULA ARCHAEOLOGICAL MAP Puuc sites located further to the north flourished in the Late Classic Period (600 -- 900 AD). Uxmal is the quintessential example of Puuc architecture: elegant palace-like structures with smooth limestone veneer walls topped with intricate mosaic friezes. Uxmal is surrounded by satellite sites of Sayil, Kabah, Labna, Xlapak, and Chacmultun. PALENQUE SITE ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUM Pakal the Great "Palenque sculptors captured the essence of a youthful Pakal the Great in this modeled stucco head, discovered under the sarcophagus in which the king was interred, deep within the Temple of Inscriptions." Mary Miller & Simon Martin, Courtly Art of the Ancient Maya, p. 214 Pakal ascended the throne in AD 615 at the age of 12 during dark and turbulent times. PHOTOS FROMTHE MAYAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF DZIBILNOCAC Photos fromthe Mayan Archaeological Site of Dzibilnocac. home :: photos. Dzibilnocac means "Painted Vault" in Maya. Stephens & Catherwood visited the town of Iturbide, where the ruins of Dzibilnocac are located, during their 1841 expedition. Iturbide was atthe frontier of
PHOTOS FROM UAXACTUN Photos from Uaxactun. home :: pots :: photos. " Uaxactun is located some 40 km north of Tikal, and although it is substantially smaller than Tikal, its span of occupation seems to have been about the same, with origins in the Middle Preclassic and abandonment by the Early Postclassic. Research conducted at Uaxactun from 1926 to 1937established
PHOTOS FROM THE MAYAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF EDZNA Edzna means House of the Grimace in Maya. Photos1 are seven photographs of the beautiful Puuc style Palace of Five Stories. Photos2 are five photographs of the famous Edzna early classic stucco masks. "Southernmost of the Puuc sites is Etzna (or Edzna), best known for its five-storied structure which combines features of pyramids andpalaces.
TIKAL: MALER'S PALACE (#R1_095) home:: map:: next. Tikal: Maler's Palace "The lower story of Maler's Palace is composed of a series of rooms, arranged in two parallel ranges with additional rooms set at right-angles at the ends to form an "I" plan (see diagram).A carved frieze is visible above the three doorways facing the court, and a few remaining traces on other sides indicate that this friezePHOTOS FROM IZAMAL
Photos1 deal with the Franciscan mission and Fra Diego de Landa. Photos2 deal with the Maya pyramid of Kinich Kak Mo. In Izamal, more than anywhere else in the Yucatan, the superimposition of Catholicism and Spanish culture on top of Mayan tradition is visible. Long before the Spanish arrived, Izamal had been a prosperous ancient city,occupied
XUNANTUNICH: EAST FRIEZE (#B2_067) Xunantunich: East Freize "Three monumental masks, located over three original doorways into A-6-2nd, are found within the lower register. The masks on both ends of the frieze seem to be identical and may represent the World Tree or central axis of the Maya world. The central mask, now visible only in the drawing, mayrepresent
INTRODUCTION
Introduction. T he Maya were concerned with creating monumental ceremonial spaces, often astronomically aligned, within which ritual and political theater could take place. This website was begun after my first visit to the Yucatan in 1995, and is an attempt to share photos and impressions of that astonishing ancient architecture whichI had
PHOTOS FROM IZAMAL
Photos1 deal with the Franciscan mission and Fra Diego de Landa. Photos2 deal with the Maya pyramid of Kinich Kak Mo. In Izamal, more than anywhere else in the Yucatan, the superimposition of Catholicism and Spanish culture on top of Mayan tradition is visible. Long before the Spanish arrived, Izamal had been a prosperous ancient city,occupied
PHOTOS FROM THE MAYAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF EDZNA Edzna means House of the Grimace in Maya. Photos1 are seven photographs of the beautiful Puuc style Palace of Five Stories. Photos2 are five photographs of the famous Edzna early classic stucco masks. "Southernmost of the Puuc sites is Etzna (or Edzna), best known for its five-storied structure which combines features of pyramids andpalaces.
PHOTOS FROM THE MAYAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF BECAN photos. Becan means "ravine or canyon formed by water" in Maya, and refers to the moat that surrounds the city. Becan, however, is not an old or authentic place name, but was conferred on the site in 1934 by archaeologists of the Third Campeche Expedition sponsored by the Division of Historical Research of the Carnegie Institution ofWashington D.C.
TIKAL: MAP OF NORTH & CENTRAL ACROPOLIS Click on arrows to view photos of Tikal's North & Central Acropolia. This map is based on William Coe's "Tikal: A Handbook of the AncientMaya Ruins".
RIO BEC B(#RIO-BEC04000) home:: back. Rio Bec B from the edge of the jungle behind it . In their delightful book of aerial photographs of Mesoamerican ruins, William Ferguson & Arthur Rohn write: "Raymond E. Merwin and Clarence L. Hay discovered Río Bec B in1912.
CHACMULTUN: CABALPAK GROUP, BLDG. V (#M1_082) home:: map:: next. Cabalpak Group: Building V . Although I did not realize it at the time, this is really a multi-storied building.Joyce Kelly writes: "It's lower story has twelve rooms, with many of the corbeled vaults intact, and with a façade that has been nicely restoredThe front of the lower-level rooms is divided by a partly restored stairway in the center. COPAN: JAGUAR STAIRCASE (#A1_1177) Copan: Jaguar Staircase, East Court "Beneath the giant head of the Jaguar God that crowns the western stairway are two dancing Waterlily Jaguars that flank it at the stairway's base. They seem to function as zoomorphic adjuncts or avatars of the anthropomorphic deity framed by Venus symbolsIn various contexts, theWaterlily
HOCHOB: STRUCTURE I (#C3_039) Hochob, Structure I The stair leading to the entrance to this temple represents the monster mouth lower jaw. A magnificent array of curved fangs is RIO BEC A(#RIO-BEC00600) home:: back:: next. Rio Bec A . Copyright ©2006, all rights reserved. Please send comments to: John Hagenbuch Last update MAYA RUINS OF CENTRAL AMERICA Maya civilization developed and flourished in Central America beginning in the Pre-Classic era (300 BC - 250 AD) and continued on through the Late Classic (600 AD - 900 AD) and into the Post Classic, from 900 AD until about 1500 AD when the Spanish conquistadores & Franciscan friars arrived around 1564. The Maya were the most advancedINTRODUCTION
Introduction. T he Maya were concerned with creating monumental ceremonial spaces, often astronomically aligned, within which ritual and political theater could take place. This website was begun after my first visit to the Yucatan in 1995, and is an attempt to share photos and impressions of that astonishing ancient architecture whichI had
PALENQUE SITE ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUM Pakal the Great "Palenque sculptors captured the essence of a youthful Pakal the Great in this modeled stucco head, discovered under the sarcophagus in which the king was interred, deep within the Temple of Inscriptions." Mary Miller & Simon Martin, Courtly Art of the Ancient Maya, p. 214 Pakal ascended the throne in AD 615 at the age of 12 during dark and turbulent times. PHOTOS FROMTHE MAYAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF DZIBILNOCAC Photos fromthe Mayan Archaeological Site of Dzibilnocac. home :: photos. Dzibilnocac means "Painted Vault" in Maya. Stephens & Catherwood visited the town of Iturbide, where the ruins of Dzibilnocac are located, during their 1841 expedition. Iturbide was atthe frontier of
PHOTOS FROM UAXACTUN Photos from Uaxactun. home :: pots :: photos. " Uaxactun is located some 40 km north of Tikal, and although it is substantially smaller than Tikal, its span of occupation seems to have been about the same, with origins in the Middle Preclassic and abandonment by the Early Postclassic. Research conducted at Uaxactun from 1926 to 1937established
ARCHAEOLOGICAL MAP OF UXMAL A Note on the Architecture of Uxmal. A t Uxmal, legible calendar dates and ruler names from inscriptions are scarce, but those that exist primarily involve Lord Chac, the ruler who presided over the brilliant but brief florescence of Uxmal around 895–908 AD and who created its greatest architectural triumphs, including the Nunnery Quadrangle TIKAL: MAP OF NORTH & CENTRAL ACROPOLIS Click on arrows to view photos of Tikal's North & Central Acropolia. This map is based on William Coe's "Tikal: A Handbook of the AncientMaya Ruins".
TIKAL: MALER'S PALACE (#R1_095) home:: map:: next. Tikal: Maler's Palace "The lower story of Maler's Palace is composed of a series of rooms, arranged in two parallel ranges with additional rooms set at right-angles at the ends to form an "I" plan (see diagram).A carved frieze is visible above the three doorways facing the court, and a few remaining traces on other sides indicate that this frieze XUNANTUNICH: EAST FRIEZE (#B2_067) Xunantunich: East Freize "Three monumental masks, located over three original doorways into A-6-2nd, are found within the lower register. The masks on both ends of the frieze seem to be identical and may represent the World Tree or central axis of the Maya world. The central mask, now visible only in the drawing, mayrepresent
COPAN: JAGUAR STAIRCASE (#A1_1177) Copan: Jaguar Staircase, East Court "Beneath the giant head of the Jaguar God that crowns the western stairway are two dancing Waterlily Jaguars that flank it at the stairway's base. They seem to function as zoomorphic adjuncts or avatars of the anthropomorphic deity framed by Venus symbolsIn various contexts, theWaterlily
MAYA RUINS OF CENTRAL AMERICA Maya civilization developed and flourished in Central America beginning in the Pre-Classic era (300 BC - 250 AD) and continued on through the Late Classic (600 AD - 900 AD) and into the Post Classic, from 900 AD until about 1500 AD when the Spanish conquistadores & Franciscan friars arrived around 1564. The Maya were the most advancedINTRODUCTION
Introduction. T he Maya were concerned with creating monumental ceremonial spaces, often astronomically aligned, within which ritual and political theater could take place. This website was begun after my first visit to the Yucatan in 1995, and is an attempt to share photos and impressions of that astonishing ancient architecture whichI had
PALENQUE SITE ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUM Pakal the Great "Palenque sculptors captured the essence of a youthful Pakal the Great in this modeled stucco head, discovered under the sarcophagus in which the king was interred, deep within the Temple of Inscriptions." Mary Miller & Simon Martin, Courtly Art of the Ancient Maya, p. 214 Pakal ascended the throne in AD 615 at the age of 12 during dark and turbulent times. PHOTOS FROMTHE MAYAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF DZIBILNOCAC Photos fromthe Mayan Archaeological Site of Dzibilnocac. home :: photos. Dzibilnocac means "Painted Vault" in Maya. Stephens & Catherwood visited the town of Iturbide, where the ruins of Dzibilnocac are located, during their 1841 expedition. Iturbide was atthe frontier of
PHOTOS FROM UAXACTUN Photos from Uaxactun. home :: pots :: photos. " Uaxactun is located some 40 km north of Tikal, and although it is substantially smaller than Tikal, its span of occupation seems to have been about the same, with origins in the Middle Preclassic and abandonment by the Early Postclassic. Research conducted at Uaxactun from 1926 to 1937established
ARCHAEOLOGICAL MAP OF UXMAL A Note on the Architecture of Uxmal. A t Uxmal, legible calendar dates and ruler names from inscriptions are scarce, but those that exist primarily involve Lord Chac, the ruler who presided over the brilliant but brief florescence of Uxmal around 895–908 AD and who created its greatest architectural triumphs, including the Nunnery Quadrangle TIKAL: MAP OF NORTH & CENTRAL ACROPOLIS Click on arrows to view photos of Tikal's North & Central Acropolia. This map is based on William Coe's "Tikal: A Handbook of the AncientMaya Ruins".
TIKAL: MALER'S PALACE (#R1_095) home:: map:: next. Tikal: Maler's Palace "The lower story of Maler's Palace is composed of a series of rooms, arranged in two parallel ranges with additional rooms set at right-angles at the ends to form an "I" plan (see diagram).A carved frieze is visible above the three doorways facing the court, and a few remaining traces on other sides indicate that this frieze XUNANTUNICH: EAST FRIEZE (#B2_067) Xunantunich: East Freize "Three monumental masks, located over three original doorways into A-6-2nd, are found within the lower register. The masks on both ends of the frieze seem to be identical and may represent the World Tree or central axis of the Maya world. The central mask, now visible only in the drawing, mayrepresent
COPAN: JAGUAR STAIRCASE (#A1_1177) Copan: Jaguar Staircase, East Court "Beneath the giant head of the Jaguar God that crowns the western stairway are two dancing Waterlily Jaguars that flank it at the stairway's base. They seem to function as zoomorphic adjuncts or avatars of the anthropomorphic deity framed by Venus symbolsIn various contexts, theWaterlily
MAYA RUINS OF CENTRAL AMERICA Click on graphic to enter the Maya Ruins website Maya civilization developed and flourished in Central America beginning in the Pre-Classic era (300 BC - 250 AD) and continued on through the Late Classic (600 AD - 900 AD) and into the Post Classic, from 900 AD until about 1500 AD when the Spanish conquistadores & Franciscan friars arrived around 1564.INTRODUCTION
Introduction. T he Maya were concerned with creating monumental ceremonial spaces, often astronomically aligned, within which ritual and political theater could take place. This website was begun after my first visit to the Yucatan in 1995, and is an attempt to share photos and impressions of that astonishing ancient architecture whichI had
PHOTOS FROM THE MAYAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF EDZNA Edzna means House of the Grimace in Maya. Photos1 are seven photographs of the beautiful Puuc style Palace of Five Stories. Photos2 are five photographs of the famous Edzna early classic stucco masks. "Southernmost of the Puuc sites is Etzna (or Edzna), best known for its five-storied structure which combines features of pyramids andpalaces.
HOCHOB: STRUCTURE I (#C3_019) home:: back:: next. Hochob, Structure I "For the rest, the doorway as such seems to have been a more orthodox and common version than that of Structure 2, and in regard to its volume composition and general design, this building falls more clearly within a series of Chenes regional tendencies that include, among other characteristic elements, a notable vertical frieze set off CHICANNÁ: GROUP D (#C4_052) home:: map:: next. Chicanná: Group D, Structure XX "At each corner of the upper structure, the sepent-mouth motif is flanked by vertical rows of long-nosed masks, minus lower jaws, of the same general sculptural character as the larger motif. CHICANNA: STR. XX (#M2_028) home:: map:: next. Chicanna: Structure XX . Sculptured corner masks and remains of profile open serpent mouth motif at south side. The outer wall of the upper vaulted room, which supported the front-facing monster mask, has fallen and taken thatmask with it.
HORMIGUERO: STRUCTURE II (#C4_038) home:: map:: next. Hormiguero, Structure II "As a center finial an unusual statue also stands out, with crossed legs and face covered by a voluminous mask with round eyes and a cross-shaped nose ornament, wearing a kind of cape on its back. HOCHOB: STRUCTURE I (#C3_039) Hochob, Structure I The stair leading to the entrance to this temple represents the monster mouth lower jaw. A magnificent array of curved fangs is SOUTH SIDE REVIEWING STAND OF TEMPLE 11 AT THE ANCIENT Copan: Temple 11 South Side Yax Pac, the last great king of Copan, came to the throne amid impending ecological disaster. "At least twenty thousand people were trying to eke out a living from the badly strained resources. This population simply could not be supported by local agriculture alone, especially since the best land CHICANNA: STR.XX (#M2_027) home:: map. Chicanna: Group D, Structure XX "Monster-mask panels, each displaying three superimposed mask profiles, occur along both side of the upper rear and two sidedoorways."
MAYA RUINS OF CENTRAL AMERICA Maya civilization developed and flourished in Central America beginning in the Pre-Classic era (300 BC - 250 AD) and continued on through the Late Classic (600 AD - 900 AD) and into the Post Classic, from 900 AD until about 1500 AD when the Spanish conquistadores & Franciscan friars arrived around 1564. The Maya were the most advancedINTRODUCTION
Introduction. T he Maya were concerned with creating monumental ceremonial spaces, often astronomically aligned, within which ritual and political theater could take place. This website was begun after my first visit to the Yucatan in 1995, and is an attempt to share photos and impressions of that astonishing ancient architecture whichI had
PALENQUE SITE ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUM Pakal the Great "Palenque sculptors captured the essence of a youthful Pakal the Great in this modeled stucco head, discovered under the sarcophagus in which the king was interred, deep within the Temple of Inscriptions." Mary Miller & Simon Martin, Courtly Art of the Ancient Maya, p. 214 Pakal ascended the throne in AD 615 at the age of 12 during dark and turbulent times. PHOTOS FROMTHE MAYAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF DZIBILNOCAC Photos fromthe Mayan Archaeological Site of Dzibilnocac. home :: photos. Dzibilnocac means "Painted Vault" in Maya. Stephens & Catherwood visited the town of Iturbide, where the ruins of Dzibilnocac are located, during their 1841 expedition. Iturbide was atthe frontier of
PHOTOS FROM UAXACTUN Photos from Uaxactun. home :: pots :: photos. " Uaxactun is located some 40 km north of Tikal, and although it is substantially smaller than Tikal, its span of occupation seems to have been about the same, with origins in the Middle Preclassic and abandonment by the Early Postclassic. Research conducted at Uaxactun from 1926 to 1937established
ARCHAEOLOGICAL MAP OF UXMAL A Note on the Architecture of Uxmal. A t Uxmal, legible calendar dates and ruler names from inscriptions are scarce, but those that exist primarily involve Lord Chac, the ruler who presided over the brilliant but brief florescence of Uxmal around 895–908 AD and who created its greatest architectural triumphs, including the Nunnery Quadrangle TIKAL: MAP OF NORTH & CENTRAL ACROPOLIS Click on arrows to view photos of Tikal's North & Central Acropolia. This map is based on William Coe's "Tikal: A Handbook of the AncientMaya Ruins".
TIKAL: MALER'S PALACE (#R1_095) home:: map:: next. Tikal: Maler's Palace "The lower story of Maler's Palace is composed of a series of rooms, arranged in two parallel ranges with additional rooms set at right-angles at the ends to form an "I" plan (see diagram).A carved frieze is visible above the three doorways facing the court, and a few remaining traces on other sides indicate that this frieze XUNANTUNICH: EAST FRIEZE (#B2_067) Xunantunich: East Freize "Three monumental masks, located over three original doorways into A-6-2nd, are found within the lower register. The masks on both ends of the frieze seem to be identical and may represent the World Tree or central axis of the Maya world. The central mask, now visible only in the drawing, mayrepresent
COPAN: JAGUAR STAIRCASE (#A1_1177) Copan: Jaguar Staircase, East Court "Beneath the giant head of the Jaguar God that crowns the western stairway are two dancing Waterlily Jaguars that flank it at the stairway's base. They seem to function as zoomorphic adjuncts or avatars of the anthropomorphic deity framed by Venus symbolsIn various contexts, theWaterlily
MAYA RUINS OF CENTRAL AMERICA Maya civilization developed and flourished in Central America beginning in the Pre-Classic era (300 BC - 250 AD) and continued on through the Late Classic (600 AD - 900 AD) and into the Post Classic, from 900 AD until about 1500 AD when the Spanish conquistadores & Franciscan friars arrived around 1564. The Maya were the most advancedINTRODUCTION
Introduction. T he Maya were concerned with creating monumental ceremonial spaces, often astronomically aligned, within which ritual and political theater could take place. This website was begun after my first visit to the Yucatan in 1995, and is an attempt to share photos and impressions of that astonishing ancient architecture whichI had
PALENQUE SITE ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUM Pakal the Great "Palenque sculptors captured the essence of a youthful Pakal the Great in this modeled stucco head, discovered under the sarcophagus in which the king was interred, deep within the Temple of Inscriptions." Mary Miller & Simon Martin, Courtly Art of the Ancient Maya, p. 214 Pakal ascended the throne in AD 615 at the age of 12 during dark and turbulent times. PHOTOS FROMTHE MAYAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF DZIBILNOCAC Photos fromthe Mayan Archaeological Site of Dzibilnocac. home :: photos. Dzibilnocac means "Painted Vault" in Maya. Stephens & Catherwood visited the town of Iturbide, where the ruins of Dzibilnocac are located, during their 1841 expedition. Iturbide was atthe frontier of
PHOTOS FROM UAXACTUN Photos from Uaxactun. home :: pots :: photos. " Uaxactun is located some 40 km north of Tikal, and although it is substantially smaller than Tikal, its span of occupation seems to have been about the same, with origins in the Middle Preclassic and abandonment by the Early Postclassic. Research conducted at Uaxactun from 1926 to 1937established
ARCHAEOLOGICAL MAP OF UXMAL A Note on the Architecture of Uxmal. A t Uxmal, legible calendar dates and ruler names from inscriptions are scarce, but those that exist primarily involve Lord Chac, the ruler who presided over the brilliant but brief florescence of Uxmal around 895–908 AD and who created its greatest architectural triumphs, including the Nunnery Quadrangle TIKAL: MAP OF NORTH & CENTRAL ACROPOLIS Click on arrows to view photos of Tikal's North & Central Acropolia. This map is based on William Coe's "Tikal: A Handbook of the AncientMaya Ruins".
TIKAL: MALER'S PALACE (#R1_095) home:: map:: next. Tikal: Maler's Palace "The lower story of Maler's Palace is composed of a series of rooms, arranged in two parallel ranges with additional rooms set at right-angles at the ends to form an "I" plan (see diagram).A carved frieze is visible above the three doorways facing the court, and a few remaining traces on other sides indicate that this frieze XUNANTUNICH: EAST FRIEZE (#B2_067) Xunantunich: East Freize "Three monumental masks, located over three original doorways into A-6-2nd, are found within the lower register. The masks on both ends of the frieze seem to be identical and may represent the World Tree or central axis of the Maya world. The central mask, now visible only in the drawing, mayrepresent
COPAN: JAGUAR STAIRCASE (#A1_1177) Copan: Jaguar Staircase, East Court "Beneath the giant head of the Jaguar God that crowns the western stairway are two dancing Waterlily Jaguars that flank it at the stairway's base. They seem to function as zoomorphic adjuncts or avatars of the anthropomorphic deity framed by Venus symbolsIn various contexts, theWaterlily
MAYA RUINS OF CENTRAL AMERICA Click on graphic to enter the Maya Ruins website Maya civilization developed and flourished in Central America beginning in the Pre-Classic era (300 BC - 250 AD) and continued on through the Late Classic (600 AD - 900 AD) and into the Post Classic, from 900 AD until about 1500 AD when the Spanish conquistadores & Franciscan friars arrived around 1564.INTRODUCTION
Introduction. T he Maya were concerned with creating monumental ceremonial spaces, often astronomically aligned, within which ritual and political theater could take place. This website was begun after my first visit to the Yucatan in 1995, and is an attempt to share photos and impressions of that astonishing ancient architecture whichI had
PHOTOS FROM THE MAYAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF EDZNA Edzna means House of the Grimace in Maya. Photos1 are seven photographs of the beautiful Puuc style Palace of Five Stories. Photos2 are five photographs of the famous Edzna early classic stucco masks. "Southernmost of the Puuc sites is Etzna (or Edzna), best known for its five-storied structure which combines features of pyramids andpalaces.
HOCHOB: STRUCTURE I (#C3_019) home:: back:: next. Hochob, Structure I "For the rest, the doorway as such seems to have been a more orthodox and common version than that of Structure 2, and in regard to its volume composition and general design, this building falls more clearly within a series of Chenes regional tendencies that include, among other characteristic elements, a notable vertical frieze set off CHICANNÁ: GROUP D (#C4_052) home:: map:: next. Chicanná: Group D, Structure XX "At each corner of the upper structure, the sepent-mouth motif is flanked by vertical rows of long-nosed masks, minus lower jaws, of the same general sculptural character as the larger motif. CHICANNA: STR. XX (#M2_028) home:: map:: next. Chicanna: Structure XX . Sculptured corner masks and remains of profile open serpent mouth motif at south side. The outer wall of the upper vaulted room, which supported the front-facing monster mask, has fallen and taken thatmask with it.
HORMIGUERO: STRUCTURE II (#C4_038) home:: map:: next. Hormiguero, Structure II "As a center finial an unusual statue also stands out, with crossed legs and face covered by a voluminous mask with round eyes and a cross-shaped nose ornament, wearing a kind of cape on its back. HOCHOB: STRUCTURE I (#C3_039) Hochob, Structure I The stair leading to the entrance to this temple represents the monster mouth lower jaw. A magnificent array of curved fangs is SOUTH SIDE REVIEWING STAND OF TEMPLE 11 AT THE ANCIENT Copan: Temple 11 South Side Yax Pac, the last great king of Copan, came to the throne amid impending ecological disaster. "At least twenty thousand people were trying to eke out a living from the badly strained resources. This population simply could not be supported by local agriculture alone, especially since the best land CHICANNA: STR.XX (#M2_027) home:: map. Chicanna: Group D, Structure XX "Monster-mask panels, each displaying three superimposed mask profiles, occur along both side of the upper rear and two sidedoorways."
MAYA RUINS OF CENTRAL AMERICA Maya civilization developed and flourished in Central America beginning in the Pre-Classic era (300 BC - 250 AD) and continued on through the Late Classic (600 AD - 900 AD) and into the Post Classic, from 900 AD until about 1500 AD when the Spanish conquistadores & Franciscan friars arrived around 1564. The Maya were the most advancedINTRODUCTION
Introduction. T he Maya were concerned with creating monumental ceremonial spaces, often astronomically aligned, within which ritual and political theater could take place. This website was begun after my first visit to the Yucatan in 1995, and is an attempt to share photos and impressions of that astonishing ancient architecture whichI had
PHOTOS FROMTHE MAYAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF DZIBILNOCAC Photos fromthe Mayan Archaeological Site of Dzibilnocac. home :: photos. Dzibilnocac means "Painted Vault" in Maya. Stephens & Catherwood visited the town of Iturbide, where the ruins of Dzibilnocac are located, during their 1841 expedition. Iturbide was atthe frontier of
PHOTOS FROM UAXACTUN Photos from Uaxactun. home :: pots :: photos. " Uaxactun is located some 40 km north of Tikal, and although it is substantially smaller than Tikal, its span of occupation seems to have been about the same, with origins in the Middle Preclassic and abandonment by the Early Postclassic. Research conducted at Uaxactun from 1926 to 1937established
PHOTOS FROM THE MAYAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF EDZNA Edzna means House of the Grimace in Maya. Photos1 are seven photographs of the beautiful Puuc style Palace of Five Stories. Photos2 are five photographs of the famous Edzna early classic stucco masks. "Southernmost of the Puuc sites is Etzna (or Edzna), best known for its five-storied structure which combines features of pyramids andpalaces.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL MAP OF UXMAL A Note on the Architecture of Uxmal. A t Uxmal, legible calendar dates and ruler names from inscriptions are scarce, but those that exist primarily involve Lord Chac, the ruler who presided over the brilliant but brief florescence of Uxmal around 895–908 AD and who created its greatest architectural triumphs, including the Nunnery QuadranglePHOTOS FROM IZAMAL
Photos1 deal with the Franciscan mission and Fra Diego de Landa. Photos2 deal with the Maya pyramid of Kinich Kak Mo. In Izamal, more than anywhere else in the Yucatan, the superimposition of Catholicism and Spanish culture on top of Mayan tradition is visible. Long before the Spanish arrived, Izamal had been a prosperous ancient city,occupied
TIKAL: MALER'S PALACE (#R1_095) home:: map:: next. Tikal: Maler's Palace "The lower story of Maler's Palace is composed of a series of rooms, arranged in two parallel ranges with additional rooms set at right-angles at the ends to form an "I" plan (see diagram).A carved frieze is visible above the three doorways facing the court, and a few remaining traces on other sides indicate that this frieze XUNANTUNICH: EAST FRIEZE (#B2_067) Xunantunich: East Freize "Three monumental masks, located over three original doorways into A-6-2nd, are found within the lower register. The masks on both ends of the frieze seem to be identical and may represent the World Tree or central axis of the Maya world. The central mask, now visible only in the drawing, mayrepresent
COPAN: JAGUAR STAIRCASE (#A1_1177) Copan: Jaguar Staircase, East Court "Beneath the giant head of the Jaguar God that crowns the western stairway are two dancing Waterlily Jaguars that flank it at the stairway's base. They seem to function as zoomorphic adjuncts or avatars of the anthropomorphic deity framed by Venus symbolsIn various contexts, theWaterlily
MAYA RUINS OF CENTRAL AMERICA Maya civilization developed and flourished in Central America beginning in the Pre-Classic era (300 BC - 250 AD) and continued on through the Late Classic (600 AD - 900 AD) and into the Post Classic, from 900 AD until about 1500 AD when the Spanish conquistadores & Franciscan friars arrived around 1564. The Maya were the most advancedINTRODUCTION
Introduction. T he Maya were concerned with creating monumental ceremonial spaces, often astronomically aligned, within which ritual and political theater could take place. This website was begun after my first visit to the Yucatan in 1995, and is an attempt to share photos and impressions of that astonishing ancient architecture whichI had
PHOTOS FROMTHE MAYAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF DZIBILNOCAC Photos fromthe Mayan Archaeological Site of Dzibilnocac. home :: photos. Dzibilnocac means "Painted Vault" in Maya. Stephens & Catherwood visited the town of Iturbide, where the ruins of Dzibilnocac are located, during their 1841 expedition. Iturbide was atthe frontier of
PHOTOS FROM UAXACTUN Photos from Uaxactun. home :: pots :: photos. " Uaxactun is located some 40 km north of Tikal, and although it is substantially smaller than Tikal, its span of occupation seems to have been about the same, with origins in the Middle Preclassic and abandonment by the Early Postclassic. Research conducted at Uaxactun from 1926 to 1937established
PHOTOS FROM THE MAYAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF EDZNA Edzna means House of the Grimace in Maya. Photos1 are seven photographs of the beautiful Puuc style Palace of Five Stories. Photos2 are five photographs of the famous Edzna early classic stucco masks. "Southernmost of the Puuc sites is Etzna (or Edzna), best known for its five-storied structure which combines features of pyramids andpalaces.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL MAP OF UXMAL A Note on the Architecture of Uxmal. A t Uxmal, legible calendar dates and ruler names from inscriptions are scarce, but those that exist primarily involve Lord Chac, the ruler who presided over the brilliant but brief florescence of Uxmal around 895–908 AD and who created its greatest architectural triumphs, including the Nunnery QuadranglePHOTOS FROM IZAMAL
Photos1 deal with the Franciscan mission and Fra Diego de Landa. Photos2 deal with the Maya pyramid of Kinich Kak Mo. In Izamal, more than anywhere else in the Yucatan, the superimposition of Catholicism and Spanish culture on top of Mayan tradition is visible. Long before the Spanish arrived, Izamal had been a prosperous ancient city,occupied
TIKAL: MALER'S PALACE (#R1_095) home:: map:: next. Tikal: Maler's Palace "The lower story of Maler's Palace is composed of a series of rooms, arranged in two parallel ranges with additional rooms set at right-angles at the ends to form an "I" plan (see diagram).A carved frieze is visible above the three doorways facing the court, and a few remaining traces on other sides indicate that this frieze XUNANTUNICH: EAST FRIEZE (#B2_067) Xunantunich: East Freize "Three monumental masks, located over three original doorways into A-6-2nd, are found within the lower register. The masks on both ends of the frieze seem to be identical and may represent the World Tree or central axis of the Maya world. The central mask, now visible only in the drawing, mayrepresent
COPAN: JAGUAR STAIRCASE (#A1_1177) Copan: Jaguar Staircase, East Court "Beneath the giant head of the Jaguar God that crowns the western stairway are two dancing Waterlily Jaguars that flank it at the stairway's base. They seem to function as zoomorphic adjuncts or avatars of the anthropomorphic deity framed by Venus symbolsIn various contexts, theWaterlily
INTRODUCTION
Introduction. T he Maya were concerned with creating monumental ceremonial spaces, often astronomically aligned, within which ritual and political theater could take place. This website was begun after my first visit to the Yucatan in 1995, and is an attempt to share photos and impressions of that astonishing ancient architecture whichI had
YUCATAN PENINSULA ARCHAEOLOGICAL MAP Puuc sites located further to the north flourished in the Late Classic Period (600 -- 900 AD). Uxmal is the quintessential example of Puuc architecture: elegant palace-like structures with smooth limestone veneer walls topped with intricate mosaic friezes. Uxmal is surrounded by satellite sites of Sayil, Kabah, Labna, Xlapak, and Chacmultun. PHOTOS FROM THE MAYAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF EDZNA Edzna means House of the Grimace in Maya. Photos1 are seven photographs of the beautiful Puuc style Palace of Five Stories. Photos2 are five photographs of the famous Edzna early classic stucco masks. "Southernmost of the Puuc sites is Etzna (or Edzna), best known for its five-storied structure which combines features of pyramids andpalaces.
PHOTOS FROM IZAMAL
Photos1 deal with the Franciscan mission and Fra Diego de Landa. Photos2 deal with the Maya pyramid of Kinich Kak Mo. In Izamal, more than anywhere else in the Yucatan, the superimposition of Catholicism and Spanish culture on top of Mayan tradition is visible. Long before the Spanish arrived, Izamal had been a prosperous ancient city,occupied
THE RUINS OF PALENQUE Palenque is an ancient jewel set at the foot of the Chiapas Mountains in Mexico. Palenque sits like a jewel against the Chiapas Mountains overlooking the broad coastal plain that came to be known as Nonowal and Xicalanco to later peoples in Mesoamerica. The ancient Palenque people constructed their palaces, temples, and houses on natural andPHOTOS FROM LAMANAI
Lamanai lies scattered along the lagoon of the New River within the tropical rainforest of central Belize. Lama'an'ain (submerged crocodile in Maya) was one of the longest continuously occupied cities—from about 500 BC to 1675 AD or later—probably in part due to its situation on a major trade route, the New River. Excavated byDavid M
TIKAL: MALER'S PALACE (#A2_788) Maler's Palace in the foreground and Temple V in the background are most likely the work of the same lord, Yax Ain II, 29th ruler of Tikal, son of Yik'in Chan K'awil and grandson of the great Hasaw Chan K'awil. Yax Ain II also built Twin Pyramid Group Q and Group R. Stela 22 in Complex Q records Yax Ain II's accession data as 25 December AD768.
LORD SMOKING SHELL STELA Click rectangles to view photos of stela Lord Smoking Shell. Wucub ahau ox pop tzoki te tun waa Uuac kib kan zec Wucublajun tunob kan kinob xikah kaan chicchan pal ahau RIO BEC B(#RIO-BEC04000) home:: back. Rio Bec B from the edge of the jungle behind it . In their delightful book of aerial photographs of Mesoamerican ruins, William Ferguson & Arthur Rohn write: "Raymond E. Merwin and Clarence L. Hay discovered Río Bec B in1912.
CHACMULTUN: CABALPAK GROUP, BLDG. V (#M1_082) home:: map:: next. Cabalpak Group: Building V . Although I did not realize it at the time, this is really a multi-storied building.Joyce Kelly writes: "It's lower story has twelve rooms, with many of the corbeled vaults intact, and with a façade that has been nicely restoredThe front of the lower-level rooms is divided by a partly restored stairway in the center. MAYA RUINS OF CENTRAL AMERICA Maya civilization developed and flourished in Central America beginning in the Pre-Classic era (300 BC - 250 AD) and continued on through the Late Classic (600 AD - 900 AD) and into the Post Classic, from 900 AD until about 1500 AD when the Spanish conquistadores & Franciscan friars arrived around 1564. The Maya were the most advancedINTRODUCTION
Introduction. T he Maya were concerned with creating monumental ceremonial spaces, often astronomically aligned, within which ritual and political theater could take place. This website was begun after my first visit to the Yucatan in 1995, and is an attempt to share photos and impressions of that astonishing ancient architecture whichI had
PHOTOS FROMTHE MAYAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF DZIBILNOCAC Photos fromthe Mayan Archaeological Site of Dzibilnocac. home :: photos. Dzibilnocac means "Painted Vault" in Maya. Stephens & Catherwood visited the town of Iturbide, where the ruins of Dzibilnocac are located, during their 1841 expedition. Iturbide was atthe frontier of
PHOTOS FROM UAXACTUN Photos from Uaxactun. home :: pots :: photos. " Uaxactun is located some 40 km north of Tikal, and although it is substantially smaller than Tikal, its span of occupation seems to have been about the same, with origins in the Middle Preclassic and abandonment by the Early Postclassic. Research conducted at Uaxactun from 1926 to 1937established
PHOTOS FROM THE MAYAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF EDZNA Edzna means House of the Grimace in Maya. Photos1 are seven photographs of the beautiful Puuc style Palace of Five Stories. Photos2 are five photographs of the famous Edzna early classic stucco masks. "Southernmost of the Puuc sites is Etzna (or Edzna), best known for its five-storied structure which combines features of pyramids andpalaces.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL MAP OF UXMAL A Note on the Architecture of Uxmal. A t Uxmal, legible calendar dates and ruler names from inscriptions are scarce, but those that exist primarily involve Lord Chac, the ruler who presided over the brilliant but brief florescence of Uxmal around 895–908 AD and who created its greatest architectural triumphs, including the Nunnery QuadranglePHOTOS FROM IZAMAL
Photos1 deal with the Franciscan mission and Fra Diego de Landa. Photos2 deal with the Maya pyramid of Kinich Kak Mo. In Izamal, more than anywhere else in the Yucatan, the superimposition of Catholicism and Spanish culture on top of Mayan tradition is visible. Long before the Spanish arrived, Izamal had been a prosperous ancient city,occupied
TIKAL: MALER'S PALACE (#R1_095) home:: map:: next. Tikal: Maler's Palace "The lower story of Maler's Palace is composed of a series of rooms, arranged in two parallel ranges with additional rooms set at right-angles at the ends to form an "I" plan (see diagram).A carved frieze is visible above the three doorways facing the court, and a few remaining traces on other sides indicate that this frieze XUNANTUNICH: EAST FRIEZE (#B2_067) Xunantunich: East Freize "Three monumental masks, located over three original doorways into A-6-2nd, are found within the lower register. The masks on both ends of the frieze seem to be identical and may represent the World Tree or central axis of the Maya world. The central mask, now visible only in the drawing, mayrepresent
COPAN: JAGUAR STAIRCASE (#A1_1177) Copan: Jaguar Staircase, East Court "Beneath the giant head of the Jaguar God that crowns the western stairway are two dancing Waterlily Jaguars that flank it at the stairway's base. They seem to function as zoomorphic adjuncts or avatars of the anthropomorphic deity framed by Venus symbolsIn various contexts, theWaterlily
MAYA RUINS OF CENTRAL AMERICA Maya civilization developed and flourished in Central America beginning in the Pre-Classic era (300 BC - 250 AD) and continued on through the Late Classic (600 AD - 900 AD) and into the Post Classic, from 900 AD until about 1500 AD when the Spanish conquistadores & Franciscan friars arrived around 1564. The Maya were the most advancedINTRODUCTION
Introduction. T he Maya were concerned with creating monumental ceremonial spaces, often astronomically aligned, within which ritual and political theater could take place. This website was begun after my first visit to the Yucatan in 1995, and is an attempt to share photos and impressions of that astonishing ancient architecture whichI had
PHOTOS FROMTHE MAYAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF DZIBILNOCAC Photos fromthe Mayan Archaeological Site of Dzibilnocac. home :: photos. Dzibilnocac means "Painted Vault" in Maya. Stephens & Catherwood visited the town of Iturbide, where the ruins of Dzibilnocac are located, during their 1841 expedition. Iturbide was atthe frontier of
PHOTOS FROM UAXACTUN Photos from Uaxactun. home :: pots :: photos. " Uaxactun is located some 40 km north of Tikal, and although it is substantially smaller than Tikal, its span of occupation seems to have been about the same, with origins in the Middle Preclassic and abandonment by the Early Postclassic. Research conducted at Uaxactun from 1926 to 1937established
PHOTOS FROM THE MAYAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF EDZNA Edzna means House of the Grimace in Maya. Photos1 are seven photographs of the beautiful Puuc style Palace of Five Stories. Photos2 are five photographs of the famous Edzna early classic stucco masks. "Southernmost of the Puuc sites is Etzna (or Edzna), best known for its five-storied structure which combines features of pyramids andpalaces.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL MAP OF UXMAL A Note on the Architecture of Uxmal. A t Uxmal, legible calendar dates and ruler names from inscriptions are scarce, but those that exist primarily involve Lord Chac, the ruler who presided over the brilliant but brief florescence of Uxmal around 895–908 AD and who created its greatest architectural triumphs, including the Nunnery QuadranglePHOTOS FROM IZAMAL
Photos1 deal with the Franciscan mission and Fra Diego de Landa. Photos2 deal with the Maya pyramid of Kinich Kak Mo. In Izamal, more than anywhere else in the Yucatan, the superimposition of Catholicism and Spanish culture on top of Mayan tradition is visible. Long before the Spanish arrived, Izamal had been a prosperous ancient city,occupied
TIKAL: MALER'S PALACE (#R1_095) home:: map:: next. Tikal: Maler's Palace "The lower story of Maler's Palace is composed of a series of rooms, arranged in two parallel ranges with additional rooms set at right-angles at the ends to form an "I" plan (see diagram).A carved frieze is visible above the three doorways facing the court, and a few remaining traces on other sides indicate that this frieze XUNANTUNICH: EAST FRIEZE (#B2_067) Xunantunich: East Freize "Three monumental masks, located over three original doorways into A-6-2nd, are found within the lower register. The masks on both ends of the frieze seem to be identical and may represent the World Tree or central axis of the Maya world. The central mask, now visible only in the drawing, mayrepresent
COPAN: JAGUAR STAIRCASE (#A1_1177) Copan: Jaguar Staircase, East Court "Beneath the giant head of the Jaguar God that crowns the western stairway are two dancing Waterlily Jaguars that flank it at the stairway's base. They seem to function as zoomorphic adjuncts or avatars of the anthropomorphic deity framed by Venus symbolsIn various contexts, theWaterlily
INTRODUCTION
Introduction. T he Maya were concerned with creating monumental ceremonial spaces, often astronomically aligned, within which ritual and political theater could take place. This website was begun after my first visit to the Yucatan in 1995, and is an attempt to share photos and impressions of that astonishing ancient architecture whichI had
YUCATAN PENINSULA ARCHAEOLOGICAL MAP Puuc sites located further to the north flourished in the Late Classic Period (600 -- 900 AD). Uxmal is the quintessential example of Puuc architecture: elegant palace-like structures with smooth limestone veneer walls topped with intricate mosaic friezes. Uxmal is surrounded by satellite sites of Sayil, Kabah, Labna, Xlapak, and Chacmultun. PHOTOS FROM THE MAYAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF EDZNA Edzna means House of the Grimace in Maya. Photos1 are seven photographs of the beautiful Puuc style Palace of Five Stories. Photos2 are five photographs of the famous Edzna early classic stucco masks. "Southernmost of the Puuc sites is Etzna (or Edzna), best known for its five-storied structure which combines features of pyramids andpalaces.
PHOTOS FROM IZAMAL
Photos1 deal with the Franciscan mission and Fra Diego de Landa. Photos2 deal with the Maya pyramid of Kinich Kak Mo. In Izamal, more than anywhere else in the Yucatan, the superimposition of Catholicism and Spanish culture on top of Mayan tradition is visible. Long before the Spanish arrived, Izamal had been a prosperous ancient city,occupied
THE RUINS OF PALENQUE Palenque is an ancient jewel set at the foot of the Chiapas Mountains in Mexico. Palenque sits like a jewel against the Chiapas Mountains overlooking the broad coastal plain that came to be known as Nonowal and Xicalanco to later peoples in Mesoamerica. The ancient Palenque people constructed their palaces, temples, and houses on natural andPHOTOS FROM LAMANAI
Lamanai lies scattered along the lagoon of the New River within the tropical rainforest of central Belize. Lama'an'ain (submerged crocodile in Maya) was one of the longest continuously occupied cities—from about 500 BC to 1675 AD or later—probably in part due to its situation on a major trade route, the New River. Excavated byDavid M
TIKAL: MALER'S PALACE (#A2_788) Maler's Palace in the foreground and Temple V in the background are most likely the work of the same lord, Yax Ain II, 29th ruler of Tikal, son of Yik'in Chan K'awil and grandson of the great Hasaw Chan K'awil. Yax Ain II also built Twin Pyramid Group Q and Group R. Stela 22 in Complex Q records Yax Ain II's accession data as 25 December AD768.
LORD SMOKING SHELL STELA Click rectangles to view photos of stela Lord Smoking Shell. Wucub ahau ox pop tzoki te tun waa Uuac kib kan zec Wucublajun tunob kan kinob xikah kaan chicchan pal ahau RIO BEC B(#RIO-BEC04000) home:: back. Rio Bec B from the edge of the jungle behind it . In their delightful book of aerial photographs of Mesoamerican ruins, William Ferguson & Arthur Rohn write: "Raymond E. Merwin and Clarence L. Hay discovered Río Bec B in1912.
CHACMULTUN: CABALPAK GROUP, BLDG. V (#M1_082) home:: map:: next. Cabalpak Group: Building V . Although I did not realize it at the time, this is really a multi-storied building.Joyce Kelly writes: "It's lower story has twelve rooms, with many of the corbeled vaults intact, and with a façade that has been nicely restoredThe front of the lower-level rooms is divided by a partly restored stairway in the center. MAYA RUINS OF CENTRAL AMERICA Maya civilization developed and flourished in Central America beginning in the Pre-Classic era (300 BC - 250 AD) and continued on through the Late Classic (600 AD - 900 AD) and into the Post Classic, from 900 AD until about 1500 AD when the Spanish conquistadores & Franciscan friars arrived around 1564. The Maya were the most advancedINTRODUCTION
Introduction. T he Maya were concerned with creating monumental ceremonial spaces, often astronomically aligned, within which ritual and political theater could take place. This website was begun after my first visit to the Yucatan in 1995, and is an attempt to share photos and impressions of that astonishing ancient architecture whichI had
PHOTOS FROMTHE MAYAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF DZIBILNOCAC Photos fromthe Mayan Archaeological Site of Dzibilnocac. home :: photos. Dzibilnocac means "Painted Vault" in Maya. Stephens & Catherwood visited the town of Iturbide, where the ruins of Dzibilnocac are located, during their 1841 expedition. Iturbide was atthe frontier of
PHOTOS FROM UAXACTUN Photos from Uaxactun. home :: pots :: photos. " Uaxactun is located some 40 km north of Tikal, and although it is substantially smaller than Tikal, its span of occupation seems to have been about the same, with origins in the Middle Preclassic and abandonment by the Early Postclassic. Research conducted at Uaxactun from 1926 to 1937established
PHOTOS FROM THE MAYAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF EDZNA Edzna means House of the Grimace in Maya. Photos1 are seven photographs of the beautiful Puuc style Palace of Five Stories. Photos2 are five photographs of the famous Edzna early classic stucco masks. "Southernmost of the Puuc sites is Etzna (or Edzna), best known for its five-storied structure which combines features of pyramids andpalaces.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL MAP OF UXMAL A Note on the Architecture of Uxmal. A t Uxmal, legible calendar dates and ruler names from inscriptions are scarce, but those that exist primarily involve Lord Chac, the ruler who presided over the brilliant but brief florescence of Uxmal around 895–908 AD and who created its greatest architectural triumphs, including the Nunnery QuadranglePHOTOS FROM IZAMAL
Photos1 deal with the Franciscan mission and Fra Diego de Landa. Photos2 deal with the Maya pyramid of Kinich Kak Mo. In Izamal, more than anywhere else in the Yucatan, the superimposition of Catholicism and Spanish culture on top of Mayan tradition is visible. Long before the Spanish arrived, Izamal had been a prosperous ancient city,occupied
TIKAL: MALER'S PALACE (#R1_095) home:: map:: next. Tikal: Maler's Palace "The lower story of Maler's Palace is composed of a series of rooms, arranged in two parallel ranges with additional rooms set at right-angles at the ends to form an "I" plan (see diagram).A carved frieze is visible above the three doorways facing the court, and a few remaining traces on other sides indicate that this frieze XUNANTUNICH: EAST FRIEZE (#B2_067) Xunantunich: East Freize "Three monumental masks, located over three original doorways into A-6-2nd, are found within the lower register. The masks on both ends of the frieze seem to be identical and may represent the World Tree or central axis of the Maya world. The central mask, now visible only in the drawing, mayrepresent
COPAN: JAGUAR STAIRCASE (#A1_1177) Copan: Jaguar Staircase, East Court "Beneath the giant head of the Jaguar God that crowns the western stairway are two dancing Waterlily Jaguars that flank it at the stairway's base. They seem to function as zoomorphic adjuncts or avatars of the anthropomorphic deity framed by Venus symbolsIn various contexts, theWaterlily
MAYA RUINS OF CENTRAL AMERICA Maya civilization developed and flourished in Central America beginning in the Pre-Classic era (300 BC - 250 AD) and continued on through the Late Classic (600 AD - 900 AD) and into the Post Classic, from 900 AD until about 1500 AD when the Spanish conquistadores & Franciscan friars arrived around 1564. The Maya were the most advancedINTRODUCTION
Introduction. T he Maya were concerned with creating monumental ceremonial spaces, often astronomically aligned, within which ritual and political theater could take place. This website was begun after my first visit to the Yucatan in 1995, and is an attempt to share photos and impressions of that astonishing ancient architecture whichI had
PHOTOS FROMTHE MAYAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF DZIBILNOCAC Photos fromthe Mayan Archaeological Site of Dzibilnocac. home :: photos. Dzibilnocac means "Painted Vault" in Maya. Stephens & Catherwood visited the town of Iturbide, where the ruins of Dzibilnocac are located, during their 1841 expedition. Iturbide was atthe frontier of
PHOTOS FROM UAXACTUN Photos from Uaxactun. home :: pots :: photos. " Uaxactun is located some 40 km north of Tikal, and although it is substantially smaller than Tikal, its span of occupation seems to have been about the same, with origins in the Middle Preclassic and abandonment by the Early Postclassic. Research conducted at Uaxactun from 1926 to 1937established
PHOTOS FROM THE MAYAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF EDZNA Edzna means House of the Grimace in Maya. Photos1 are seven photographs of the beautiful Puuc style Palace of Five Stories. Photos2 are five photographs of the famous Edzna early classic stucco masks. "Southernmost of the Puuc sites is Etzna (or Edzna), best known for its five-storied structure which combines features of pyramids andpalaces.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL MAP OF UXMAL A Note on the Architecture of Uxmal. A t Uxmal, legible calendar dates and ruler names from inscriptions are scarce, but those that exist primarily involve Lord Chac, the ruler who presided over the brilliant but brief florescence of Uxmal around 895–908 AD and who created its greatest architectural triumphs, including the Nunnery QuadranglePHOTOS FROM IZAMAL
Photos1 deal with the Franciscan mission and Fra Diego de Landa. Photos2 deal with the Maya pyramid of Kinich Kak Mo. In Izamal, more than anywhere else in the Yucatan, the superimposition of Catholicism and Spanish culture on top of Mayan tradition is visible. Long before the Spanish arrived, Izamal had been a prosperous ancient city,occupied
TIKAL: MALER'S PALACE (#R1_095) home:: map:: next. Tikal: Maler's Palace "The lower story of Maler's Palace is composed of a series of rooms, arranged in two parallel ranges with additional rooms set at right-angles at the ends to form an "I" plan (see diagram).A carved frieze is visible above the three doorways facing the court, and a few remaining traces on other sides indicate that this frieze XUNANTUNICH: EAST FRIEZE (#B2_067) Xunantunich: East Freize "Three monumental masks, located over three original doorways into A-6-2nd, are found within the lower register. The masks on both ends of the frieze seem to be identical and may represent the World Tree or central axis of the Maya world. The central mask, now visible only in the drawing, mayrepresent
COPAN: JAGUAR STAIRCASE (#A1_1177) Copan: Jaguar Staircase, East Court "Beneath the giant head of the Jaguar God that crowns the western stairway are two dancing Waterlily Jaguars that flank it at the stairway's base. They seem to function as zoomorphic adjuncts or avatars of the anthropomorphic deity framed by Venus symbolsIn various contexts, theWaterlily
INTRODUCTION
Introduction. T he Maya were concerned with creating monumental ceremonial spaces, often astronomically aligned, within which ritual and political theater could take place. This website was begun after my first visit to the Yucatan in 1995, and is an attempt to share photos and impressions of that astonishing ancient architecture whichI had
YUCATAN PENINSULA ARCHAEOLOGICAL MAP Puuc sites located further to the north flourished in the Late Classic Period (600 -- 900 AD). Uxmal is the quintessential example of Puuc architecture: elegant palace-like structures with smooth limestone veneer walls topped with intricate mosaic friezes. Uxmal is surrounded by satellite sites of Sayil, Kabah, Labna, Xlapak, and Chacmultun. PHOTOS FROM THE MAYAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF EDZNA Edzna means House of the Grimace in Maya. Photos1 are seven photographs of the beautiful Puuc style Palace of Five Stories. Photos2 are five photographs of the famous Edzna early classic stucco masks. "Southernmost of the Puuc sites is Etzna (or Edzna), best known for its five-storied structure which combines features of pyramids andpalaces.
PHOTOS FROM IZAMAL
Photos1 deal with the Franciscan mission and Fra Diego de Landa. Photos2 deal with the Maya pyramid of Kinich Kak Mo. In Izamal, more than anywhere else in the Yucatan, the superimposition of Catholicism and Spanish culture on top of Mayan tradition is visible. Long before the Spanish arrived, Izamal had been a prosperous ancient city,occupied
THE RUINS OF PALENQUE Palenque is an ancient jewel set at the foot of the Chiapas Mountains in Mexico. Palenque sits like a jewel against the Chiapas Mountains overlooking the broad coastal plain that came to be known as Nonowal and Xicalanco to later peoples in Mesoamerica. The ancient Palenque people constructed their palaces, temples, and houses on natural andPHOTOS FROM LAMANAI
Lamanai lies scattered along the lagoon of the New River within the tropical rainforest of central Belize. Lama'an'ain (submerged crocodile in Maya) was one of the longest continuously occupied cities—from about 500 BC to 1675 AD or later—probably in part due to its situation on a major trade route, the New River. Excavated byDavid M
TIKAL: MALER'S PALACE (#A2_788) Maler's Palace in the foreground and Temple V in the background are most likely the work of the same lord, Yax Ain II, 29th ruler of Tikal, son of Yik'in Chan K'awil and grandson of the great Hasaw Chan K'awil. Yax Ain II also built Twin Pyramid Group Q and Group R. Stela 22 in Complex Q records Yax Ain II's accession data as 25 December AD768.
LORD SMOKING SHELL STELA Click rectangles to view photos of stela Lord Smoking Shell. Wucub ahau ox pop tzoki te tun waa Uuac kib kan zec Wucublajun tunob kan kinob xikah kaan chicchan pal ahau RIO BEC B(#RIO-BEC04000) home:: back. Rio Bec B from the edge of the jungle behind it . In their delightful book of aerial photographs of Mesoamerican ruins, William Ferguson & Arthur Rohn write: "Raymond E. Merwin and Clarence L. Hay discovered Río Bec B in1912.
CHACMULTUN: CABALPAK GROUP, BLDG. V (#M1_082) home:: map:: next. Cabalpak Group: Building V . Although I did not realize it at the time, this is really a multi-storied building.Joyce Kelly writes: "It's lower story has twelve rooms, with many of the corbeled vaults intact, and with a façade that has been nicely restoredThe front of the lower-level rooms is divided by a partly restored stairway in the center. ------------------------- PHOTOS FROM TWENTY-SEVEN ANCIENT MAYA CITY STATES Click on graphic to enter the Maya Ruins website MAYA civilization developed and flourished in Central America beginning in the Pre-Classic era (300 BC - 250 AD) and continued on through the Late Classic (600 AD - 900 AD) and into the Post Classic, from 900 AD until about 1500 AD when the Spanish conquistadores & Franciscan friars arrived around 1564. THE MAYA were the most advanced civilization in the Americas. They were among only six ancient cultures to develop writing. They used a Base-20 counting system (Maya children count on both fingers and toes) and developed the mathematical concept of zero. They created a complex calendar system called the Long Count to record ceremonial and religious events with great accuracy. They were accomplished astronomers and could accurately predict eclipses and the cycles of Venus, which were important in their rituals. THE MAYA developed populous cities with impressive ceremonial architectures, and participated in extensive trade networks. In addition, they were skilled weavers and makers of elaborately painted and incised pots. Although Maya textiles have largely disintegrated because of the climate, ancient textiles have been portrayed on stelae and show a clear relation with modern indigenous weaving. Pottery is a different story, as potshards are found almost everywhere and are used extensively by archaeologists for dating. NEVERTHELESS, the Maya were still a stone-age civilization in the sense that they never developed iron tools, or indeed, the use of the wheel or beasts of burden in transportation. PLEASE click on the image for an interactive map linking to photos of the twenty-eight ancient city-states covered by this website. Pleaseenjoy your visit!
Copyright ©1995-2021 by Barbara McKenzie Please send comments to: mayaruins@gmail.comDetails
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