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HABs in Puget
ANCIENT CLAM GARDENS OF THE NORTHWEST COAST OF NORTH Clam gardens are part of a suite of marine and terrestrial resource management practices employed by Northwest Coast First Peoples to enhance food production and increase food security. These features were made by constructing rock walls at the low tide line of sheltered, soft-sediment embayments, transforming sloping clam beachesinto more
SECTION 2. HUMAN WELL-BEING AND ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT Section 2. Human Well-being and Ecosystem-based Management. Over the past decade, efforts have been made to expand our understanding of coupled social and ecological systems (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2003; Liu et al., 2007; Walker et al., 2002). Governments at many levels have increasingly sought to base environmentalmanagement not
OIL SPILL RISKS BY THE NUMBERS An EPA-funded study of oil spill risks in Puget Sound forms the basis of new legislation to regulate vessel traffic in the region. We break down some of the numbers from the POLYORCHIS PENICILLATUS Biology/Natural History: This is a common hydromedusa along the west coast. It can often be seen in midwater but more often swims near the bottom, especially around eelgrass. The jelly eats caprellid amphipods and other small crustaceans which are common on eelgrass, as well as worms and crustaceans from the bottom and small plankton. TUBIFICOIDES BENEDII Tubificoides benedii is a slender worm that may grow up to 5.5 cm in length, with between 75-100 body segments. In Tubificoides benedii the body wall is thinly covered with cuticular folds (papillate) which give the worm a rough feel. The body segments have on each side an upper and lower bundle of chitinous bristles (setae), that are able to THE HISTORY AND CHEMISTRY OF TIRES Modern automobile tires are a complex mixture of chemicals, all used together in different ways to give tires their structure and properties, including riding comfort, safety and long life. Chemicals from tire wear particles are now thought to be responsible for the deaths of large numbers of coho salmon returning to spawn in PugetSound streams.
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PUGET SOUNDARTICLESSCIENCE REVIEWSPECIESSHORELINE HABITATSMAPSARCHIVED REPORTS Puget Sound Eelgrass (Zostera marina) Recovery Strategy. A 2014 report from the Washington State Department of Natural Resources outlines a recovery strategy for native eelgrass in Puget Sound. The strategy is designed to address a target set forth by the Puget Sound Partnership to increase eelgrass by 20 percent in Puget Sound by 2020. TRIBES OF THE PUGET SOUND AND SALISH SEA REGIONS Non-Federally recognized Native American tribes of the Puget Sound watershed*. Duwamish Tribe. Kikiallus Indian Nation. Marietta Band of Nooksack Tribe. Snohomish Tribe. Snoqualmoo Tribe. Steilacoom Tribe. *Source: Governor's Office of Indian Affairs, State of Washington. REPORT: POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF PBDES ON PUGET SOUND AND The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 10 and the National Marine Fisheries Service Northwest Region have released a report describing results from a series of technical workgroups about the potential effects of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) on HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS IN PUGET SOUND These toxin effects are the most pronounced during periodic “blooms” when these naturally-occurring species proliferate due to a combination of warm temperatures, sunlight, and nutrient-rich waters. The algae are ingested by shellfish, such as clams, oysters, mussels, and geoduck, which concentrate the toxins. Three types ofHABs in Puget
ANCIENT CLAM GARDENS OF THE NORTHWEST COAST OF NORTH Clam gardens are part of a suite of marine and terrestrial resource management practices employed by Northwest Coast First Peoples to enhance food production and increase food security. These features were made by constructing rock walls at the low tide line of sheltered, soft-sediment embayments, transforming sloping clam beachesinto more
SECTION 2. HUMAN WELL-BEING AND ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT Section 2. Human Well-being and Ecosystem-based Management. Over the past decade, efforts have been made to expand our understanding of coupled social and ecological systems (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2003; Liu et al., 2007; Walker et al., 2002). Governments at many levels have increasingly sought to base environmentalmanagement not
OIL SPILL RISKS BY THE NUMBERS An EPA-funded study of oil spill risks in Puget Sound forms the basis of new legislation to regulate vessel traffic in the region. We break down some of the numbers from the POLYORCHIS PENICILLATUS Biology/Natural History: This is a common hydromedusa along the west coast. It can often be seen in midwater but more often swims near the bottom, especially around eelgrass. The jelly eats caprellid amphipods and other small crustaceans which are common on eelgrass, as well as worms and crustaceans from the bottom and small plankton. TUBIFICOIDES BENEDII Tubificoides benedii is a slender worm that may grow up to 5.5 cm in length, with between 75-100 body segments. In Tubificoides benedii the body wall is thinly covered with cuticular folds (papillate) which give the worm a rough feel. The body segments have on each side an upper and lower bundle of chitinous bristles (setae), that are able to THE HISTORY AND CHEMISTRY OF TIRES Modern automobile tires are a complex mixture of chemicals, all used together in different ways to give tires their structure and properties, including riding comfort, safety and long life. Chemicals from tire wear particles are now thought to be responsible for the deaths of large numbers of coho salmon returning to spawn in PugetSound streams.
WHY IS SO MUCH POLLUTION FOUND IN DISADVANTAGED These are like snapshots of current conditions. They can define today’s inequities, but they don’t speak to history. In 2015, environmental justice experts Paul Mohai at the University of Michigan and Robin Saha at the University of Montana tried to connect the dots by looking at more than 300 hazardous waste facilities sited throughout the country between 1966 and 1995.PUGET SOUND TIDES
The tides bring in about 8 km3 of water each high tide, removing it roughly 12.4 hours later. The tides are what cause the strongest currents in the Sound, peaking around 2.2 m s-1 in Admiralty Inlet, 3.4 m s-1 in Tacoma Narrows and over 3.8 m s-1 in Deception Pass. While tidal currents are quite apparent to boaters, their importanceto Puget
ANCIENT HARVESTS: A HISTORY OF SALISH SEA HERRING In 2014, an international team released a study that examined 171 archaeological sites spanning the past 10,700 years of human history. Herring were the most numerous fish specimen in 55 percent of the sites and the most commonly found fish, occurring in all but two of the sites, which ranged from Puget Sound to southeast Alaska. IS SHORELINE ARMORING BECOMING A RELIC OF THE PAST Close to 30% of Puget Sound's shoreline is armored with seawalls and other structures meant to protect beaches against rising tides and erosion. But science increasingly shows that these structures are ineffective and cause significant harm to salmon and other creatures. State and federal agencies have been encouraging private property owners to remove armoring in a race to CUSTOM SPECIES LISTS Utilizing double quotes for exact terms can narrow your search results. Ex. A common name search of Northwestern Sedge matches 'Northwestern Sedge' and 'Northwestern Showy Sedge'. Typing "Northwestern Sedge" return only 'Northwestern Sedge'. INVASIVE MARINE SPECIES: WASHINGTON STATE PRIORITIES The Washington Invasive Species Council evaluated more than 700 invasive species in and around Washington, considering their threats to the state’s environment, economy, and human health. They included terrestrial plants and animals, aquatic plants and animals (both freshwater and saltwater), insects and diseases. In the end, the council listed 50 “priority species” forNEODILSEA BOREALIS
Utilizing double quotes for exact terms can narrow your search results. Ex. A common name search of Northwestern Sedge matches 'Northwestern Sedge' and 'Northwestern Showy Sedge'. Typing "Northwestern Sedge" return only 'Northwestern Sedge'. HOW TO PLAN A CLAM GARDEN In the last several years, the Hul'q'umi'num and W̱SÁNEĆ (formerly Saanich) First Nations have been working with Parks Canada to restore ancient clam gardens in the Gulf Islands National Park Reserve in British Columbia.. Now a third Coast Salish nation, the Swinomish tribe in Washington state, is embarking on the first new construction of a clam garden in modern history.MALDANE SARSI
“Maldane sarsi, Malmgren. Habitat.—Dredged at Station 232 (south of Yedo, Japan), May 12, 1875 ; lat. 35° 11' N., long. 139° 28' E. ; depth, 345 fathoms ; bottom temperature 41°·1, surface temperature 64°·2 ; sea-bottom, green mud.. The specimens are comparatively small when contrasted with the Canadian examples of the species. The only complete one measures about 48 mm., with a CYMATOGASTER AGGREGATA Cymatogaster aggregata (shiner surfperch) has a relatively wide distribution along the west coast of North America. It extends from Baja California to southern Alaska. An opportunistic feeder, a large range of different food items are found in specimens from different regions (Woods 2007). ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PUGET SOUNDARTICLESSCIENCE REVIEWSPECIESSHORELINE HABITATSMAPSARCHIVED REPORTS An article published in the Journal of Wildlife Diseases in 2021 describes trends in birth defects among harbor seals in the Salish Sea from 2003 to 2019.The results suggest a level of congenital disease in this harbor seal population that is important for continuedmonitoring.
TRIBES OF THE PUGET SOUND AND SALISH SEA REGIONS The following list includes Native American tribes and First Nations of the Salish Sea region. REPORT: POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF PBDES ON PUGET SOUND AND The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 10 and the National Marine Fisheries Service Northwest Region have released a report describing results from a series of technical workgroups about the potential effects of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) on SECTION 2. HUMAN WELL-BEING AND ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT References. Bowen, R.E., and C. Riley. 2003. Socio-economic indicators and integrated coastal management. Ocean and Coastal Management 46:299-312.
OIL SPILL RISKS BY THE NUMBERS An EPA-funded study of oil spill risks in Puget Sound forms the basis of new legislation to regulate vessel traffic in the region. We break down some of the numbers from the POLYORCHIS PENICILLATUS Biology/Natural History: This is a common hydromedusa along the west coast. It can often be seen in midwater but more often swims near the bottom, especially around eelgrass. TUBIFICOIDES BENEDII Tubificoides benedii is a slender worm that may grow up to 5.5 cm in length, with between 75-100 body segments. In Tubificoides benedii the body wall is thinly covered with cuticular folds (papillate) which give the worm a rough feel. HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS IN PUGET SOUND An algal bloom is a rapid increase or accumulation in the population of algae in a water system. While most are innocuous, there are a small number of algae species that produce harmful toxins to ANCIENT CLAM GARDENS OF THE NORTHWEST COAST OF NORTH Amy S. Groesbeck School of Resource and Environmental Management Simon Fraser University Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada amysue72@gmail.com Kirsten Rowell Department of Biology University of Washington Seattle, Washington, United States of America rowellk@u.washington.edu Dana Lepofsky Department of Archaeology Simon Fraser University Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada THE HISTORY AND CHEMISTRY OF TIRES Modern automobile tires are a complex mixture of chemicals, all used together in different ways to give tires their structure and properties, including riding comfort, safety and long life. Chemicals from tire wear particles are now thought to be responsible for the deaths of large numbers of coho salmon returning to spawn in PugetSound streams.
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PUGET SOUNDARTICLESSCIENCE REVIEWSPECIESSHORELINE HABITATSMAPSARCHIVED REPORTS An article published in the Journal of Wildlife Diseases in 2021 describes trends in birth defects among harbor seals in the Salish Sea from 2003 to 2019.The results suggest a level of congenital disease in this harbor seal population that is important for continuedmonitoring.
TRIBES OF THE PUGET SOUND AND SALISH SEA REGIONS The following list includes Native American tribes and First Nations of the Salish Sea region. REPORT: POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF PBDES ON PUGET SOUND AND The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 10 and the National Marine Fisheries Service Northwest Region have released a report describing results from a series of technical workgroups about the potential effects of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) on SECTION 2. HUMAN WELL-BEING AND ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT References. Bowen, R.E., and C. Riley. 2003. Socio-economic indicators and integrated coastal management. Ocean and Coastal Management 46:299-312.
OIL SPILL RISKS BY THE NUMBERS An EPA-funded study of oil spill risks in Puget Sound forms the basis of new legislation to regulate vessel traffic in the region. We break down some of the numbers from the POLYORCHIS PENICILLATUS Biology/Natural History: This is a common hydromedusa along the west coast. It can often be seen in midwater but more often swims near the bottom, especially around eelgrass. TUBIFICOIDES BENEDII Tubificoides benedii is a slender worm that may grow up to 5.5 cm in length, with between 75-100 body segments. In Tubificoides benedii the body wall is thinly covered with cuticular folds (papillate) which give the worm a rough feel. HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS IN PUGET SOUND An algal bloom is a rapid increase or accumulation in the population of algae in a water system. While most are innocuous, there are a small number of algae species that produce harmful toxins to ANCIENT CLAM GARDENS OF THE NORTHWEST COAST OF NORTH Amy S. Groesbeck School of Resource and Environmental Management Simon Fraser University Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada amysue72@gmail.com Kirsten Rowell Department of Biology University of Washington Seattle, Washington, United States of America rowellk@u.washington.edu Dana Lepofsky Department of Archaeology Simon Fraser University Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada THE HISTORY AND CHEMISTRY OF TIRES Modern automobile tires are a complex mixture of chemicals, all used together in different ways to give tires their structure and properties, including riding comfort, safety and long life. Chemicals from tire wear particles are now thought to be responsible for the deaths of large numbers of coho salmon returning to spawn in PugetSound streams.
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF PUGET SOUND FISHES: MAPS AND Volume 1: Family Petromyzontidae (lampreys) through family Syngnathidae (pipefishes). Volume 2: Family Percichthyidae (temperate basses) through family Hexagrammidae (greenlings). Volume 3: Family Cottidae (sculpins) through family Molidae (molas).PUGET SOUND TIDES
Tides in the Sound are large, with ranges between 3 and 4 m. The tides are forced by the tidal variation of sea level at the mouth of the Salish Sea – the seaward end of the Strait of Juan de Fuca. ANCIENT CLAM GARDENS OF THE NORTHWEST COAST OF NORTH Amy S. Groesbeck School of Resource and Environmental Management Simon Fraser University Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada amysue72@gmail.com Kirsten Rowell Department of Biology University of Washington Seattle, Washington, United States of America rowellk@u.washington.edu Dana Lepofsky Department of Archaeology Simon Fraser University Burnaby, British Columbia, CanadaNEODILSEA BOREALIS
Utilizing double quotes for exact terms can narrow your search results. Ex. A common name search of Northwestern Sedge matches 'Northwestern Sedge' and 'Northwestern Showy Sedge'. Typing "Northwestern Sedge" return only 'Northwestern Sedge'. POLYORCHIS PENICILLATUS Biology/Natural History: This is a common hydromedusa along the west coast. It can often be seen in midwater but more often swims near the bottom, especially around eelgrass. WHY IS SO MUCH POLLUTION FOUND IN DISADVANTAGED These are like snapshots of current conditions. They can define today’s inequities, but they don’t speak to history. In 2015, environmental justice experts Paul Mohai at the University of Michigan and Robin Saha at the University of Montana tried to connect the dots by looking at more than 300 hazardous waste facilities sited throughout the country between 1966 and 1995. THE HISTORY AND CHEMISTRY OF TIRES Modern automobile tires are a complex mixture of chemicals, all used together in different ways to give tires their structure and properties, including riding comfort, safety and long life. Chemicals from tire wear particles are now thought to be responsible for the deaths of large numbers of coho salmon returning to spawn in PugetSound streams.
HOW TO PLAN A CLAM GARDEN In the last several years, the Hul'q'umi'num and W̱SÁNEĆ (formerly Saanich) First Nations have been working with Parks Canada to restore ancient clam gardens in the Gulf Islands National Park Reserve in British Columbia.. Now a third Coast Salish nation, the Swinomish tribe in Washington state, is embarking on the first new construction of a clam garden in modern history.CAREX LEPTOPODA
Carex leptopoda Mack.: China (Asia) Mexico (Mesoamerica) United States (North America) Note: This information is based on publications available through Tropicos and may not represent the entire distribution. Tropicos does not categorize distributions as native ornon-native.
THE 2016 ACTION AGENDA FOR PUGET SOUND The Puget Sound Action Agenda is a shared plan for Puget Sound recovery resulting from a collaboration by state and federal agencies, tribal governments, local governments, business and environmentalgroups, and others.
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PUGET SOUNDARTICLESSCIENCE REVIEWSPECIESSHORELINE HABITATSMAPSARCHIVED REPORTS Puget Sound Eelgrass (Zostera marina) Recovery Strategy. A 2014 report from the Washington State Department of Natural Resources outlines a recovery strategy for native eelgrass in Puget Sound. The strategy is designed to address a target set forth by the Puget Sound Partnership to increase eelgrass by 20 percent in Puget Sound by 2020. TRIBES OF THE PUGET SOUND AND SALISH SEA REGIONS Non-Federally recognized Native American tribes of the Puget Sound watershed*. Duwamish Tribe. Kikiallus Indian Nation. Marietta Band of Nooksack Tribe. Snohomish Tribe. Snoqualmoo Tribe. Steilacoom Tribe. *Source: Governor's Office of Indian Affairs, State of Washington. HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS IN PUGET SOUND These toxin effects are the most pronounced during periodic “blooms” when these naturally-occurring species proliferate due to a combination of warm temperatures, sunlight, and nutrient-rich waters. The algae are ingested by shellfish, such as clams, oysters, mussels, and geoduck, which concentrate the toxins. Three types ofHABs in Puget
COUNTIES | ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PUGET SOUND Counties. There are 13 counties in the Puget Sound watershed. Clallam County. Island County. Jefferson County. King County. Kitsap County. Lewis County. Mason County. SECTION 2. HUMAN WELL-BEING AND ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT Section 2. Human Well-being and Ecosystem-based Management. Over the past decade, efforts have been made to expand our understanding of coupled social and ecological systems (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2003; Liu et al., 2007; Walker et al., 2002). Governments at many levels have increasingly sought to base environmentalmanagement not
TUBIFICOIDES BENEDII Tubificoides benedii is a slender worm that may grow up to 5.5 cm in length, with between 75-100 body segments. In Tubificoides benedii the body wall is thinly covered with cuticular folds (papillate) which give the worm a rough feel. The body segments have on each side an upper and lower bundle of chitinous bristles (setae), that are able to POLYORCHIS PENICILLATUS Biology/Natural History: This is a common hydromedusa along the west coast. It can often be seen in midwater but more often swims near the bottom, especially around eelgrass. The jelly eats caprellid amphipods and other small crustaceans which are common on eelgrass, as well as worms and crustaceans from the bottom and small plankton. IS SHORELINE ARMORING BECOMING A RELIC OF THE PAST Close to 30% of Puget Sound's shoreline is armored with seawalls and other structures meant to protect beaches against rising tides and erosion. But science increasingly shows that these structures are ineffective and cause significant harm to salmon and other creatures. State and federal agencies have been encouraging private property owners to remove armoring in a race to ANCIENT CLAM GARDENS OF THE NORTHWEST COAST OF NORTH Clam gardens are part of a suite of marine and terrestrial resource management practices employed by Northwest Coast First Peoples to enhance food production and increase food security. These features were made by constructing rock walls at the low tide line of sheltered, soft-sediment embayments, transforming sloping clam beachesinto more
THE HISTORY AND CHEMISTRY OF TIRES Modern automobile tires are a complex mixture of chemicals, all used together in different ways to give tires their structure and properties, including riding comfort, safety and long life. Chemicals from tire wear particles are now thought to be responsible for the deaths of large numbers of coho salmon returning to spawn in PugetSound streams.
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PUGET SOUNDARTICLESSCIENCE REVIEWSPECIESSHORELINE HABITATSMAPSARCHIVED REPORTS Puget Sound Eelgrass (Zostera marina) Recovery Strategy. A 2014 report from the Washington State Department of Natural Resources outlines a recovery strategy for native eelgrass in Puget Sound. The strategy is designed to address a target set forth by the Puget Sound Partnership to increase eelgrass by 20 percent in Puget Sound by 2020. TRIBES OF THE PUGET SOUND AND SALISH SEA REGIONS Non-Federally recognized Native American tribes of the Puget Sound watershed*. Duwamish Tribe. Kikiallus Indian Nation. Marietta Band of Nooksack Tribe. Snohomish Tribe. Snoqualmoo Tribe. Steilacoom Tribe. *Source: Governor's Office of Indian Affairs, State of Washington. HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS IN PUGET SOUND These toxin effects are the most pronounced during periodic “blooms” when these naturally-occurring species proliferate due to a combination of warm temperatures, sunlight, and nutrient-rich waters. The algae are ingested by shellfish, such as clams, oysters, mussels, and geoduck, which concentrate the toxins. Three types ofHABs in Puget
COUNTIES | ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PUGET SOUND Counties. There are 13 counties in the Puget Sound watershed. Clallam County. Island County. Jefferson County. King County. Kitsap County. Lewis County. Mason County. SECTION 2. HUMAN WELL-BEING AND ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT Section 2. Human Well-being and Ecosystem-based Management. Over the past decade, efforts have been made to expand our understanding of coupled social and ecological systems (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2003; Liu et al., 2007; Walker et al., 2002). Governments at many levels have increasingly sought to base environmentalmanagement not
TUBIFICOIDES BENEDII Tubificoides benedii is a slender worm that may grow up to 5.5 cm in length, with between 75-100 body segments. In Tubificoides benedii the body wall is thinly covered with cuticular folds (papillate) which give the worm a rough feel. The body segments have on each side an upper and lower bundle of chitinous bristles (setae), that are able to POLYORCHIS PENICILLATUS Biology/Natural History: This is a common hydromedusa along the west coast. It can often be seen in midwater but more often swims near the bottom, especially around eelgrass. The jelly eats caprellid amphipods and other small crustaceans which are common on eelgrass, as well as worms and crustaceans from the bottom and small plankton. IS SHORELINE ARMORING BECOMING A RELIC OF THE PAST Close to 30% of Puget Sound's shoreline is armored with seawalls and other structures meant to protect beaches against rising tides and erosion. But science increasingly shows that these structures are ineffective and cause significant harm to salmon and other creatures. State and federal agencies have been encouraging private property owners to remove armoring in a race to ANCIENT CLAM GARDENS OF THE NORTHWEST COAST OF NORTH Clam gardens are part of a suite of marine and terrestrial resource management practices employed by Northwest Coast First Peoples to enhance food production and increase food security. These features were made by constructing rock walls at the low tide line of sheltered, soft-sediment embayments, transforming sloping clam beachesinto more
THE HISTORY AND CHEMISTRY OF TIRES Modern automobile tires are a complex mixture of chemicals, all used together in different ways to give tires their structure and properties, including riding comfort, safety and long life. Chemicals from tire wear particles are now thought to be responsible for the deaths of large numbers of coho salmon returning to spawn in PugetSound streams.
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF PUGET SOUND FISHES: MAPS AND Volume 1: Family Petromyzontidae (lampreys) through family Syngnathidae (pipefishes). Volume 2: Family Percichthyidae (temperate basses) through family Hexagrammidae (greenlings). Volume 3: Family Cottidae (sculpins) through family Molidae (molas). CONGENITAL DISEASES IN HARBOR SEALS FROM THE SALISH SEA Postmortem data for harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardsii) in the Salish Sea were analyzed for epidemiologic trends in congenital diseases.Cleft palate, cleft lips, or both (n=8) and cardiac defects (n=5) were the most common congenital abnormalities, followed by cases with multiple defects (n=4).No temporal trends or spatial clusters of cases were seen from 2003 to 2019, during which time "SOUNDERS" ARRIVE AS GRAY WHALES DECLINE ALONG THE COAST Each spring, about a dozen gray whales make a brief detour into the Salish Sea before heading north to their feeding grounds in the Arctic. Biologists dubbed these whales "Sounders" after first noting their presence in the 1990s, and the whales have become rare but widely anticipated visitors to local waters. The whales were spotted again this year, but biologists have CUSTOM SPECIES LISTS Utilizing double quotes for exact terms can narrow your search results. Ex. A common name search of Northwestern Sedge matches 'Northwestern Sedge' and 'Northwestern Showy Sedge'. Typing "Northwestern Sedge" return only 'Northwestern Sedge'. 7. SPECIFICITY AND SENSITIVITY OF INDICATORS 7. Specificity and Sensitivity of Indicators. Long lists of indicators can present challenges for drawing inference about overall ecosystem status. A useful way to interpret lists of indicators in aggregate focuses on one of the primary considerations in the set of evaluation criteria introduced above, “the indicator responds predictably and ECOSYSTEM MODELS EXPAND OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE SALISH Ecosystem models expand our understanding of the Salish Sea. Scientists are using computer models to address complex issues in the Salish Sea like the rise of harmful algal blooms and the movement of toxic PCBs. LiveOcean, Atlantis and the Salish Sea Model are three systems that are changing the game for ecologists and otherresearchers.
TYPES OF ESTUARIES IN PUGET SOUND An estuary is a place where saltwater from the ocean mixes with freshwater from rivers and streams. Technically, this defines all of Puget Sound, but scientists have identified several types of "sub-estuaries" within the water body. These include pocket estuaries (or embayments), tidally-influenced rivers and wetlands and other areas near the shoreline connected with SCIENCE IN THE SPOTLIGHT: EELGRASS RECOVERY The Washington Department of Natural Resources is studying new ways of increasing ecologically important eelgrass habitat in Puget Sound. It is part of the state's effort to boost eelgrass 20% Sound-wide by 2020. So far, recovery of the species has fallen short of that goal, but transplanting efforts are showing promise. INVASIVE MARINE SPECIES: WASHINGTON STATE PRIORITIES The Washington Invasive Species Council evaluated more than 700 invasive species in and around Washington, considering their threats to the state’s environment, economy, and human health. They included terrestrial plants and animals, aquatic plants and animals (both freshwater and saltwater), insects and diseases. In the end, the council listed 50 “priority species” for HOW TO PLAN A CLAM GARDEN In the last several years, the Hul'q'umi'num and W̱SÁNEĆ (formerly Saanich) First Nations have been working with Parks Canada to restore ancient clam gardens in the Gulf Islands National Park Reserve in British Columbia.. Now a third Coast Salish nation, the Swinomish tribe in Washington state, is embarking on the first new construction of a clam garden in modern history. Skip to main contentSEARCH FORM
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"SOUNDERS" ARRIVE AS GRAY WHALES DECLINE ALONG THE COAST Each spring, about a dozen gray whales make a brief detour into the Salish Sea before heading north to their feeding grounds in the Arctic. Biologists dubbed these whales "Sounders" after first noting their presence in the 1990s, and the whales have become rare but widely anticipated visitors to local waters. The whales were spotted again this year, but biologists have documented a 24 percent decline in gray whale populations along the West Coast.Subscribe
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RECENT ARTICLES
6/4/2021
CONGENITAL DISEASES IN HARBOR SEALS FROM THE SALISH SEA An article published in the _Journal of Wildlife Diseases _in 2021 describes trends in birth defects among harbor seals in the Salish Sea from 2003 to 2019. The results suggest a level of congenital disease in this harbor seal population that is important for continuedmonitoring.
Mammals , Harbor seals , Salish Sea, Monitoring
6/4/2021
TRENDS IN PROPELLER STRIKE-INDUCED MORTALITY IN HARBOR SEALS An article published in the _Journal of Wildlife Diseases _in 2021 describes research documenting injuries among harbor seals in the Salish Sea caused by boat propeller strikes. The number of strikes increased significantly between 2002 and 2019, as did vessel traffic. Mammals , Harbor seals , Monitoring, Salish Sea
5/18/2021
THE SALISH SEA MODEL The Salish Sea Model is a computer model used to predict spatial and temporal patterns related to water circulation in the Salish Sea. It was developed at the United States Department of Energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory with funding from the Environmental Protection Agency. It is housed at the University of Washington PugetSound Institute.
Climate change , Physical environment , Water quantity , Water quality , Algae , Marine habitat , Estuarine habitat , Nearshore habitat , Modeling , Eutrophication , Hypoxia , Nutrient pollution ,Circulation
5/14/2021
MARINE WATER QUALITY IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY This article provides an overview and a link to further information about the MARINE WATER QUALITY IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY. Implementation Strategies (Strategies) are plans for accelerating progress toward the 2020 ecosystem recovery targets for the Puget Sound Vital Signs. The Strategies are developed collaboratively with technical, professional, and policy experts and with local and regional input. They are funded by the Environmental Protection Agency. Water quality , Implementation Strategies5/14/2021
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY FOR PUGET SOUND’S SHELLFISH BEDS RECOVERYTARGET
This article provides an overview and a link to further information about the SHELLFISH IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY. Implementation Strategies (Strategies) are plans for accelerating progress toward the 2020 ecosystem recovery targets for the Puget Sound Vital Signs. The Strategies are developed collaboratively with technical, professional, and policy experts and with local and regional input. They are funded by the Environmental Protection Agency. Shellfish , Implementation Strategies5/13/2021
PUGET SOUND EELGRASS (ZOSTERA MARINA) RECOVERY STRATEGY A 2014 report from the Washington State Department of Natural Resources outlines a recovery strategy for native eelgrass in Puget Sound. The strategy is designed to address a target set forth by the Puget Sound Partnership to increase eelgrass by 20 percent in PugetSound by 2020.
Eelgrass , Implementation Strategies5/13/2021
CHINOOK SALMON IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY This article provides an overview and a link to further information about the CHINOOK SALMON IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY. Implementation Strategies (Strategies) are plans for accelerating progress toward the 2020 ecosystem recovery targets for the Puget Sound Vital Signs. The Strategies are developed collaboratively with technical, professional, and policy experts and with local and regional input. They are funded by the Environmental Protection Agency. Fishes , Salmonids , Species of concern , Implementation Strategies5/13/2021
LAND DEVELOPMENT AND COVER IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY This article provides an overview and a link to further information about the LAND DEVELOPMENT AND COVER IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY. Implementation Strategies (Strategies) are plans for accelerating progress toward the 2020 ecosystem recovery targets for the Puget Sound Vital Signs. The Strategies are developed collaboratively with technical, professional, and policy experts and with local and regional input. They are funded by the Environmental ProtectionAgency.
Terrestrial habitat , Implementation Strategies , Land cover conversion5/11/2021
FLOODPLAINS AND ESTUARIES IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY This article provides an overview and a link to further information about the FLOODPLAINS AND ESTUARIES IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY. Implementation Strategies (Strategies) are plans for accelerating progress toward the 2020 ecosystem recovery targets for the Puget Sound Vital Signs. The Strategies are developed collaboratively with technical, professional, and policy experts and with local and regional input. They are funded by the Environmental ProtectionAgency.
Estuarine habitat , Freshwater habitat , Terrestrial habitat , Implementation Strategies, Floodplains
5/10/2021
SOUTHERN RESIDENTS’ WINTER DIET COMES INTO FOCUS A 2021 paper in the journal PLoS ONE provides a clearer picture of what endangered southern resident orcas eat throughout the year. Chinook salmon make up the bulk of the whales' diet, but the paper suggests that other salmon species and non-salmonid fishes can also play important roles depending on the season. Species and food webs , Mammals , Fishes , Food web , Killer whales , Salmonids , Species of concern , Salish SeaCurrents magazine
4/26/2021
STATE AGENCIES WILL FOCUS ON IMPROVING ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE UNDER NEWLAW
The recently approved HEAL Act requires the state of Washington to address issues of environmental justice within its agencies. The Act is expected to be signed by the governor and focuses on inequities in environmental health conditions for disenfranchised populations. Human quality of life , Environmental justice , Salish Sea Currents magazine4/20/2021
'HOMEWATERS' BLENDS NATURAL AND CULTURAL HISTORY OF PUGET SOUND A new book explores our complicated connection to the ecosystem we call home. We interview author David B. Williams about Homewaters: A Human and Natural History of Puget Sound, published this month by the University of Washington Press. History , Tribes , Traditional ecological knowledge , Salish Sea Currents magazine4/12/2021
WHY IS SO MUCH POLLUTION FOUND IN DISADVANTAGED COMMUNITIES? Researchers are looking at the forces of discrimination that worsen the environmental health risks for some communities. Human quality of life , Environmental justice , Toxic contaminants , Persistent contaminants , History , Salish Sea Currents magazine4/12/2021
DIVERSE POPULATIONS BENEFIT FROM TARGETED EFFORTS TO IMPROVE ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE Years of struggle have led to reduced pollution and a stronger sense of community in the Duwamish Valley. As cleanup efforts there continue, environmental justice has come front and center for the area's diverse populations. Water quality , Human quality of life , Environmental justice , Toxic contaminants , Tribes , History , Persistent contaminants , Salish Sea Currents magazine4/12/2021
REVISED TOXIC-CLEANUP RULES WILL INCREASE FOCUS ON ENVIRONMENTALJUSTICE
An update to state rules regarding the cleanup of toxic pollution is expected to bring more attention to factors like race, ethnicity and income within populations that live near contaminated sites. Water quality , Freshwater habitat , Nearshore habitat , Environmental justice , Toxic contaminants , Tribes , Persistent contaminants , Salish Sea Currents magazine3/30/2021
IS SHORELINE ARMORING BECOMING A RELIC OF THE PAST? Close to 30% of Puget Sound's shoreline is armored with seawalls and other structures meant to protect beaches against rising tides and erosion. But science increasingly shows that these structures are ineffective and cause significant harm to salmon and other creatures. State and federal agencies have been encouraging private property owners to remove armoring in a race to improve habitat, but why did so much of it start appearing in the first place? Climate change , Nearshore habitat , Sea level rise , Shoreline armoring , History , Salish Sea Currents magazine3/22/2021
EYES OVER PUGET SOUND: SURFACE CONDITIONS REPORT - MARCH 11, 2021 We are in a weakening La Niña, coastal downwelling has lessened and we are getting out of a cold and wet stretch, hurray. In March, rivers have almost returned to normal and carry clear water. It’s a good time to go diving if you don’t mind cold water. The productive season has only started in some places and patches of jellyfish are visible. Have a look at this edition and marvel about the secrets of the dead, or mysterious sediment clouds and the oil sheen spotted nearLummi Bay.
Physical environment , Water quantity , Water quality , Invertebrates , Fishes , Algae , Marine habitat , Estuarine habitat , Nearshore habitat , Eyes Over Puget Sound , Oil spills , Jellyfish , Herring , Circulation , Monitoring3/22/2021
RESIDENTIAL SHORELINE LOAN PROGRAM FEASIBILITY STUDY: DEVELOPING A NEW SHORE FRIENDLY INCENTIVE TO HELP PUGET SOUND HOMEOWNERS FINANCE BEACH RESTORATION AND SEA LEVEL RISE ADAPTATION The 2018 Shoreline Armoring Implementation Strategy identified development of new financial incentives as a near-term priority. This study, funded by the Habitat Strategic Initiative, assesses the feasibility of developing a Shore Friendly residential shoreline loanprogram.
Nearshore habitat , Sea level rise , Shorelinearmoring
3/10/2021
ESTUARINE CIRCULATION, MIXING, AND RESIDENCE TIMES IN THE SALISH SEA A 2021 article in the journal _JGR Oceans_ describes circulation and mixing in the Salish Sea. The findings are based on simulations produced by the LiveOcean computer model. Physical environment , Estuarine habitat , Circulation , Salish Sea2/26/2021
KILLER WHALE CSI
Collisions with boats and other interactions with humans are "significant" causes of death for killer whales in the northeastern Pacific, a recent study says. The findings come from one of the most comprehensive looks at killer whale pathology to date, but scientists say determining how a killer whale may have died is often notoriouslydifficult.
Species and food webs , Mammals , Marine habitat , Killer whales , Species of concern , Disease , Salish Sea Currents magazine2/25/2021
BENTHIC INDEX OF BIOTIC INTEGRITY (B-IBI) IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY The Benthic Index of Biotic Integrity (B-IBI) Implementation Strategy is designed to improve freshwater quality by analyzing the health and diversity of invertebrate populations in Puget Sound area streams. Water quality , Species and food webs , Invertebrates , Freshwater habitat , B-IBI , Implementation Strategies , Monitoring2/17/2021
EYES OVER PUGET SOUND: SURFACE CONDITIONS REPORT - FEBRUARY 3, 2021 Rivers are flowing higher than normal since 2020. Winter weather has been warmer and wetter. In marine waters, temperatures have become too cool for Northern Pacific anchovies to tolerate in North Sound. From patches of jellyfish and snow geese, to sediment and early blooms, there is more happening in the winter than you might expect. Puget Sound has many species worth showcasing such as the heart crab – a shy critter that wears its heart on its shell. Physical environment , Water quantity , Water quality , Algae , Birds , Invertebrates , Marine habitat , Nearshore habitat , Eyes Over Puget Sound , Circulation , Forage fish , Monitoring2/12/2021
PRIORITY SCIENCE TO SUPPORT PUGET SOUND RECOVERY: A SCIENCE WORK PLANFOR 2020-2024
Priority Science to Support Recovery of the Puget Sound Ecosystem: A Science Work Plan for 2020-2024 (SWP for 2020-2024) describes the information, learning, and interaction needed to support the coordinated efforts to recover, protect, and improve the resilience of the Puget Sound ecosystem. Ecosystem-based management , Water quantity , Water quality , Healthy human population , Human quality of life , Species and food webs , Biennial Science Work Plan1/25/2021
SENSING LIMINAL LANDSCAPES IN PUGET SOUND Puget Sound's shorelines are "liminal landscapes" that can inspire senses of "escape, transformation, and human creativity," according to a 2021 paper in _GeoJournal_. That may have regional policy implications as coastal researchers increasingly recognize the need to incorporate community inclusion and 'sense of place' in management decisions. The paper includes findings from a 12-county survey aimed at gauging residents’ sense of place for Puget Sound’s liminalshorelines.
Social science , Human quality of life , Nearshore habitat , Ecosystem services ,Shoreline armoring
1/25/2021
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE OF BACTERIA IN TWO MARINE MAMMAL SPECIES, HARBOR SEALS AND HARBOR PORPOISES, LIVING IN AN URBAN MARINE ECOSYSTEM, THE SALISH SEA, WASHINGTON STATE, USA Harbor seals and harbor porpoises in the Salish Sea are showing a relatively high presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. A 2021 paper in the journal _Oceans_ suggests that these findings may indicate a wider problem among other species in the region. Species and food webs , Mammals , Marine habitat , Nearshore habitat , Disease , Harbor porpoise , Harbor seals1/14/2021
EYES OVER PUGET SOUND - 2020 YEAR IN REVIEW The Washington State Department of Ecology has prepared a summary review of its Eyes Over Puget Sound surface condition reports from2020.
Water quantity , Water quality , Algae , Fishes , Marine habitat , EyesOver Puget Sound
1/5/2021
PUGET SOUND NATIONAL ESTUARY PROGRAM: TRIBAL IMPLEMENTATION FINALREPORT
This report details the outcomes, successes, and reflections of the final two years (2014-15) of an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Estuary Program award dedicated to tribal restoration and protection projects in the Puget Sound watershed. National Estuary Program , Tribes12/15/2020
ONCE HEARTY 'HOOLIGANS' DECLINING IN THE SALISH SEA A river spawning species of forage fish known as the longfin smelt is rare and getting rarer in the Salish Sea. Biologists are looking into the mysterious decline of the ‘hooligans’ of the Nooksack. Species and food webs , Fishes , Estuarine habitat , Freshwater habitat , Salish Sea , Forage fish , Traditional ecological knowledge , Tribes , Salish Sea Currentsmagazine , Food web
12/14/2020
TYPES OF ESTUARIES IN PUGET SOUND An estuary is a place where saltwater from the ocean mixes with freshwater from rivers and streams. Technically, this defines all of Puget Sound, but scientists have identified several types of "sub-estuaries" within the water body. These include pocket estuaries (or embayments), tidally-influenced rivers and wetlands and other areas near the shoreline connected with freshwater sources. This summary provides descriptions of these estuaries from the Washington State Department of Natural Resources, the Puget Sound Nearshore Partnership and other sources. Estuarine habitat , Nearshore habitat ,Circulation
12/4/2020
PATHOLOGY FINDINGS AND CORRELATION WITH BODY CONDITION INDEX IN STRANDED KILLER WHALES (ORCINUS ORCA) IN THE NORTHEASTERN PACIFIC AND HAWAII FROM 2004 TO 2013 A 2020 study of pathology reports for 53 stranded killer whales in the northeastern Pacific and Hawaii showed that deaths related to human interaction were found in every age class. Vessel strikes accounted for the deaths of four of the nine endangered southern resident killer whales identified in the study. The findings were published Dec. 2 in the journal _PLOS ONE._ Species and food webs , Mammals , Marine habitat , Killer whales , DiseaseFind more articles
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2012-2021. Encyclopedia of Puget Sound is published by the Puget Sound Institute at the UW Tacoma Center for Urban Waters.
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