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Categories and time range can be adjusted through the filter __. This library is optimized for JavaScript. Please consider activating JavaScript in your browser. The following shows the preprints published in the last 12 months. * Manuscripts in open discussion * Revised manuscript not (yet) submitted * Revised manuscript under review for AMT * Revised manuscript accepted for AMT * Manuscript withdrawn or not accepted today1M3M6M12M24M60M2008 Please choose a category. Please change your selection of categoryand/or time.
04 Jun 2021 Latent heating profiles from GOES-16 and its comparison to heating from NEXRAD and GPM Yoonjin Lee, Christian D. Kummerow, and Milija Zupanski Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-97,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-97,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 0 comments) Shortsummary
Short summary
Latent heating released from phase changes of water is an important factor in driving convection, and thus used in short-term weather forecast models to initiate convection. Typically, radars have been used to retrieve latent heating to be used in the forecast model, but continuous radar data are only available over land. Therefore, this study uses geostationary satellite data to retrieve latent heating so that it can be used to initiate convection in regions where radar dataare not available.
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04 Jun 2021 Retrieving the atmospheric number size distribution fromlidar data
Alberto Sorrentino, Alessia Sannino, Nicola Spinelli, Michele Piana, Antonella Boselli, Valentino Tontodonato, Pasquale Castellano, andXuan Wang
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-152,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-152,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 0 comments) Shortsummary
Short summary
We present a novel approach that can be used to obtain microphysical properties of atmospheric aerosol, up to several kilometers in the atmosphere, from lidar measurements taken from the ground. Our approach provides accurate reconstructions under many different experimental conditions. Our results can contribute to expand the use of remote sensing techniques for air quality monitoring and atmospheric science in general.Hide
03 Jun 2021 Assessment of Real-time Bioaerosol Particle Counters using Reference Chamber Experiments Gian Lieberherr, Kevin Auderset, Bertrand Calpini, Bernard Clot, Benoît Crouzy, Martin Gysel-Beer, Thomas Konzelmann, José Manzano, Andrea Mihajlovic, Alireza Moallemi, David O'Connor, Branko Sikoparija, Eric Sauvageat, Fiona Tummon, and Konstantina Vasilatou Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-136,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-136,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 0 comments) Shortsummary
Short summary
Today there is no standard procedure to validate bioaerosol and pollen monitors. Three instruments were tested, focusing on detecting particles of different sizes. Only one instrument was able to detect the smallest particles (0.5 µm Ø) whereas the others performed best at the largest tested particles (10 µm Ø). These results are the first step towards a standardized validation procedure. The need for a reference counting method for larger particles (pollen grains: 10–200 µm Ø) was emphasized.Hide
02 Jun 2021 Total water vapour columns derived from Sentinel 5p usingthe AMC-DOAS method
Tobias Küchler, Stefan Noël, Heinrich Bovensmann, John Philip Burrows, Thomas Wagner, Christian Borger, Tobias Borsdorff, andAndreas Schneider
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-144,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-144,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 0 comments) Shortsummary
Short summary
We applied the Air Mass Corrected Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (AMC-DOAS) method to derive total column water vapour (TCWV) from Sentinel 5p measurements and compared it to independent data sets. The correlation coefficients of typically more than 0.9 and the small deviations up to 2.5 kg m−2 reveal good agreement between our data product and other TCWV data sets. Especially for the different Sentinel 5p water vapour products the deviations are around1 kg m−2.
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02 Jun 2021 Constraining the response factors of an extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometer for near-molecular aerosolspeciation
Dongyu S. Wang, Chuan Ping Lee, Jordan E. Krechmer, Francesca Majluf, Yandong Tong, Manjula R. Canagaratna, Julia Schmale, André S. H. Prévôt, Urs Baltensperger, Josef Dommen, Imad El Haddad, Jay G. Slowik, and David M. Bell Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-125,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-125,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 0 comments) Shortsummary
Short summary
To understand the sources and fate of particulate matters in the atmosphere, the ability to quantitatively describe their chemical composition is essential. In this work, we developed a calibration method for a state-of-the-art measurement technique without the need for chemical standards. Statistical analyses identified for the firs time the driving factors behind instrument sensitivity variability towards individual components of particulate matters.Hide
31 May 2021 Cloud probability-based estimation of black-sky surface albedo from AVHRR data Terhikki Manninen, Emmihenna Jääskeläinen, Niilo Siljamo, Aku Riihelä, and Karl-Göran Karlsson Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-143,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-143,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 0 comments) Shortsummary
Short summary
The manuscript tackles the problem of removing the effect of clouds from optical satellite images in order to derive the surface reflectance. Basic atmospheric radiation physics and statistical methods are used. The cloud tackling method presented can be applied in general instead of cloud masking. The results were better than when using binary cloud masking. The study was made for generating a surface albedo climate data record.Hide
27 May 2021 Introduction to the ringing effect in satellite hyperspectral atmospheric spectrometry Pierre Dussarrat, Bertrand Theodore, Dorothee Coppens, Carsten Standfuss, and Bernard Tournier Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-121,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-121,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 1 comment) Shortsummary
Short summary
This paper is looking at an common instrument effect to all hyperspectral infrared sounders. It understands the physics behind and proves an analytical analysis. This will be followed by a paper proposing an efficient correction. We have done this research to prepare our future missions, the InfraRed Sounder on the MeteosatThird Generation.
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27 May 2021 Differential absorption lidar for water vapor isotopologues in the 1.98 μm spectral region: sensitivity analysis with respect to regional atmospheric variability Jonas Hamperl, Clément Capitaine, Jean-Baptiste Dherbecourt, Myriam Raybaut, Patrick Chazette, Julien Totems, Bruno Grouiez, Laurence Régalia, Rosa Santagata, Corinne Evesque, Jean-Michel Melkonian, Antoine Godard, Andrew Seidl, Harald Sodemann, and Cyrille Flamant Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-116,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-116,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 0 comments) Shortsummary
Short summary
Laser active remote sensing of tropospheric water vapor is a promising technology to enhance our understanding of processes governing the global hydrological cycle. We investigate the potential of a ground-based lidar to monitor the main water vapor isotopes at high spatio-temporal resolution in the lower troposphere. Using a realistic end-to-end simulator, we show that high precision measurements can be achieved within a range of 1.5 km, in mid-latitude or tropical environments.Hide
26 May 2021 Methodology to obtain highly resolved SO2 vertical profiles for representation of volcanic emissions in climate models Oscar S. Sandvik, Johan Friberg, Moa K. Sporre, and Bengt G.Martinsson
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-94,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-94,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 0 comments) Shortsummary
Short summary
A method to form SO2 profiles in the stratosphere with high vertical resolution following volcanic eruptions is introduced. The method combines space-based high-resolution vertical aerosol profiles and SO2 measurements the first two weeks after an eruption with air trajectory analyses. The profile agrees with a published high-resolution aerosol profile when most of the SO2 is converted to sulphate aerosol. The detailed resolution of the SO2 profile is unprecedented compared toother methods.
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25 May 2021 Validation of tropospheric ties at the test setup GNSS co-location site Potsdam Chaiyaporn Kitpracha, Robert Heinkelmann, Markus Ramatschi, Kyriakos Balidakis, Benjamin Männel, and Harald Schuh Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-87,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-87,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 0 comments) Shortsummary
Short summary
In this study, we expected to learn what are the potential effects of GNSS atmospheric delays from this unique experiment. The results show that the instrument effects on GNSS zenith delays were mitigated by using the same instrument. The radome causes unexpected bias of GNSS zenith delays in this study. Additionally, multipath effects at low-elevation observations degraded the tropospheric east gradients.Hide
25 May 2021 Improved cloud detection for the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder: Training an artificial neural network on colocated MLS andAqua-MODIS data
Frank Werner, Nathaniel Livesey, Michael Schwartz, William Read, Michelle Santee, and Galina Wind Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-146,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-146,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 0 comments) Shortsummary
Short summary
In this study we present an improved cloud detection scheme for the Microwave Limb Sounder, which is based on a feedforward artificial neural network. This new algorithm is shown to not only reliably detect high and mid-level convection containing even small amounts of cloud water, but also to distinguish between high-reaching and mid- to low-level convection.Hide
25 May 2021 A New ZHD Model for Real-Time Retrievals of GNSS-PWV Longjiang Li, Suqin Wu, Kefei Zhang, Xiaoming Wang, Wang Li, Zhen Shen, Dantong Zhu, Qimin He, and Moufeng Wan Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-113,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-113,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 0 comments) Shortsummary
Short summary
The zenith hydrostatic delay (ZHD) derived from blind models are of low accuracy, especially in mid- and high-latitude regions. To address this issue, the ratio of the ZHD to zenith total delay (ZTD) is firstly investigated, then, based on the relationship between the ZHD and ZTD, a new ZHD model was developed using the back propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN) method which took the ZTD as an input variable. The model outperforms blind models.Hide
21 May 2021 The University of Washington Ice-Liquid Discriminator (UWILD) improves single particle phase classifications of hydrometeors within Southern Ocean clouds using machine learning Rachel Atlas, Johannes Mohrmann, Joseph Finlon, Jeremy Lu, Ian Hsiao, Robert Wood, and Minghui Diao Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-123,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-123,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 0 comments) Shortsummary
Short summary
Many clouds with temperatures between 0 °C and −40 °C contain both liquid and ice particles and the ratio of liquid to ice particles influences how the clouds interact with radiation and moderate Earth's climate. Here, we use a machine learning method called random forest to classify images of individual cloud particles as either liquid or ice. We apply our algorithm to images captured by aircraft within clouds overlying the Southern Ocean and we find that it outperforms two existing algorithms.Hide
20 May 2021 Atmospheric Precipitable Water and its Correlation with Clear Sky Infrared Temperature Observations Vicki Kelsey, Spencer Riley, and Kenneth Minschwaner Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-130,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-130,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 0 comments) Shortsummary
Short summary
In the interior western USA there are distances of hundreds of kilometers between weather balloon launch sites for weather forecasting. Satellite coverage can also be sparse or with poor resolution. Using infrared thermometers, clear sky temperatures were collected and compared with data from weather balloons. A correlation between clear sky temperatures and precipitable water measurements from weather balloons was found. This means that citizen scientistscan collect data.
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19 May 2021 Using artificial neural networks to predict riming from Doppler cloud radar observations Teresa Vogl, Maximilian Maahn, Stefan Kneifel, Willi Schimmel, Dmitri Moisseev, and Heike Kalesse-Los Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-137,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-137,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 0 comments) Shortsummary
Short summary
We are using machine learning techniques, a type of artificial intelligence, to detect graupel formation in clouds. It is important to better detect this process, because its dynamics are not sufficiently well understood. The measurements used as input to the machine learning framework were performed by cloud radars. Cloud radars are instruments located at the ground, emitting radiation with wavelenghts of a few millimeters vertically into the cloud and measuring the back-scattered signal.Hide
19 May 2021 Development of an in situ Acoustic Anemometer to Measure Wind in the Stratosphere for SENSOR Song Liang, Hu Xiong, Wei Feng, Yan Zhaoai, Xu Qingchen, and Tu Cui Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-76,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-76,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 0 comments) Shortsummary
Short summary
To capture and characterize the small-scale atmospheric disturbances and dynamics causing by solar activities, an in situ acoustic anemometer has been developed. It is used to obtain wind measurements in the stratosphere on a high altitude balloon in the Stratospheric Environmental respoNses to Solar stORms (SENSOR) campaign. The anemometer is also equipped with sensors to measure temperature, pressure, and relative humidity. Observations were obtained during a flight experiment in 2019.Hide
19 May 2021 Canadian biomass burning aerosols observations from a multi-wavelength Raman polarization lidar and a ceilometer in Finland Xiaoxia Shang, Tero Mielonen, Antti Lipponen, Elina Giannakaki, Ari Leskinen, Virginie Buchard, Anton S. Darmenov, Antti Kukkurainen, Antti Arola, Ewan O'Connor, Anne Hirsikko, and Mika Komppula Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-139,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-139,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 2 comments) Shortsummary
Short summary
The long-range-transported smoke particles from a Canadian wildfire event were observed with a multi-wavelength Raman polarization lidar and a ceilometer, over Kuopio, Finland, in June 2019. The optical properties and the mass concentration estimations were reported for such aged smoke aerosols over Northern Europe.Hide
17 May 2021 Assessment of online water-soluble brown carbon measuring systems for aircraft sampling Linghan Zeng, Amy P. Sullivan, Rebecca A. Washenfelder, Jack Dibb, Eric Scheuer, Teresa L. Campos, Joseph M. Katich, Ezra Levin, Michael A. Robinson, and Rodney J. Weber Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-131,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-131,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 0 comments) Shortsummary
Short summary
Three online systems for measuring water-soluble brown carbon are compared. A mist chamber and two different particle-into-liquid samplers were deployed on separate research aircraft targeting wildfires and followed a similar detection method using a long path liquid waveguide with a spectrometer to measure the light absorption from 300 to 700 nm. Detection limits, signal hysteresis and other sampling issues are compared, and further improvements of these liquid-based systems are provided.Hide
17 May 2021 Gravity wave instability structures and turbulence from more than one and a half years of OH* airglow imager observations inSlovenia
René Sedlak, Patrick Hannawald, Carsten Schmidt, Sabine Wüst, Michael Bittner, and Samo Stanič Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-134,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-134,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 0 comments) Shortsummary
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High-resolution images of the OH* airglow layer (ca. 87 km height) acquired at Otlica Observatory, Slovenia have been analysed. A statistical analysis of small-scale wave structures with horizontal wavelengths up to 4.5 km suggests strong presence of secondary gravity waves in the upper mesosphere / lower thermosphere. The dissipated energy of breaking gravity waves is derived from observations of turbulent vortices. It is concluded that dynamical heating plays a vital role in the atmosphere.Hide
17 May 2021 Atmospheric tomography using the Nordic Meteor Radar Clusterand Chilean Observation Network De Meteor Radars: networkdetails and 3DVAR retrieval Gunter Stober, Alexander Kozlovsky, Alan Liu, Zishun Qiao, Masaki Tsutsumi, Chris Hall, Satonori Nozawa, Mark Lester, Evgenia Belova, Johan Kero, Patrick J. Espy, Robert E. Hibbons, and Nicholas Mitchell Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-124,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-124,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 4 comments) Shortsummary
Short summary
Wind observations at the edge to space, 70–110 km altitude, are challenging. Meteor radars have become a widely used instrument to obtain mean wind profiles above an instrument for these heights. We describe an advanced mathematical concept and present a tomographic analysis using several meteor radars located in Finland, Sweden and Norway as well as Chile to derive the 3-dimensional flow field. We show an example of a gravity wave decelerating the mean flow.Hide
17 May 2021 An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Sampling Platform for Atmospheric Water Vapor Isotopes in Polar Environments Kevin S. Rozmiarek, Bruce H. Vaughn, Tyler R. Jones, Valerie Morris, William B. Skorski, Abigail G. Hughes, Jack Elston, Sonja Wahl, Anne-Katrine Faber, and Hans Christian Steen-Larsen Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-135,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-135,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 0 comments) Shortsummary
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We have designed an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) sampling platform for operation in extreme polar environments that is capable of sampling atmospheric water vapor for subsequent measurement of water isotopes. During flight, we measure location, temperature, humidity, and pressure to determine the height of the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) using algorithms, allowing for strategic decision making by the pilot to collect samples in glass flasks contained in the nose cone ofthe UAV.
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12 May 2021 Compositional data analysis (CoDA) as a tool to evaluate a new low-cost settling-based PM10 sampling head in a desert dustsource region
Yangjunjie Xu-Yang, Rémi Losno, Fabrice Monna, Jean-Louis Rajot, Mohamed Labiadh, Gilles Bergametti, and Béatrice Marticorena Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-70,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-70,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 1 comment) Shortsummary
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Suspended particles in air (aerosols) are sampled with a pump drawing ambient air through a filter. The air inlet must be carefully designed to control the size of sampled particles and to reject the largest ones (> 10 µm). A low-cost sampling head for determination of the finest fraction of aerosol (< 10 µm in diameter) is presented. Compositional Data Analysis (CoDA) tools are extensively used here to demonstrate similarity between the low-cost sampling head and otherexisting systems.
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12 May 2021 Enhanced MOPITT data coverage through cloud detectionimprovement
Heba S. Marey, James R. Drummond, Dylan B. A. Jones, Helen Worden, Merritt N. Deeter, John Gille, and Debbie Mao Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-112,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-112,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 0 comments) Shortsummary
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In this study, an analysis has been performed to consider the issue of increasing the number of MOPITT observations since the current MOPITT data has 30 % successful retrievals. The results revealed that the current cloud detection scheme does not properly detect many low cloud cases over land which result in low observation. Hence, it is recommended to include observations found by MODIS to be cloudy with low clouds as this approach will potentially increase the number of good MOPITT retrievals.Hide
11 May 2021 Evaluation of retrieval methods for planetary boundary layer height based on radiosonde data Hui Li, Boming Liu, Xin Ma, Shikuan Jin, Yingying Ma, Yuefeng Zhao,and Wei Gong
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-118,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-118,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 1 comment) Shortsummary
Short summary
Radiosonde (RS) is widely used to detect the vertical structures of the planetary boundary layer (PBL), and numerous methods have been proposed for retrieving PBL height (PBLH) from RS data. However, an algorithm that is suitable under all atmospheric conditions does not exist. This study evaluates the performance of four common PBLH algorithms under different thermodynamic stability conditions based onRS data.
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11 May 2021 The Berkeley Environmental Air-quality and CO2 Network: field calibrations of sensor temperature dependence and assessment of network scale CO2 accuracy Erin Rose Delaria, Jinsol Kim, Helen L. Fitzmaurice, Catherine Newman, Paul J. Wooldridge, Kevin Worthington, and Ronald C. Cohen Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-120,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-120,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 0 comments) Shortsummary
Short summary
The use of a dense network of low-cost CO2 sensors is an attractive option for measuring CO2 emissions in cities. However, these low-cost sensors are also subject to uncertainties. Here we describe a novel method of field calibration for correcting temperature-related errors in the CO2 sensors deployed in the BEACO2N network. We show that with this temperature correction we can achieve a sufficiently low network error to allow for evaluation of CO2 emissions at a neighborhoodscale.
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11 May 2021 Use of thermal signal for the investigation of near-surface turbulenceMatthias Zeeman
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-500,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-500,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 0 comments) Shortsummary
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Understanding turbulence near the surface is important for many applications. In this work, methods for observing and analysing temperature structures in a near-surface volume were explored. Experiments were conducted to identify modes of organized motion. These help explain interactions between the vegetation and the atmosphere that are not currently well-understood. Techniques used include fibre-optic sensing, thermal infrared imaging, signal decomposition, and machine learning.Hide
07 May 2021 A minimum curvature algorithm for tomographic reconstruction of atmospheric chemicals based on optical remotesensing
Sheng Li and Ke Du
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-122,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-122,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 1 comment) Shortsummary
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Two theories (Tickhonov regularization and spatial interpolation) are discussed for smooth reconstruction of two-dimensional concentration mapping based on optical remote sensing. A new minimum curvature algorithm is proposed and compared using multiple test maps. It shows significant improvement comparing to non-smooth algorithm. The algorithm needs about 65 % computation time of the low-third derivative algorithm, and is simple in realization by using high-resolution grids directly.Hide
07 May 2021 Impact of ozone and inlet design on the detection of isoprene-derived organic nitrates by thermal dissociation cavity ring-down spectroscopy (TD-CRDS) Patrick Dewald, Raphael Dörich, Jan Schuladen, Jos Lelieveld, andJohn N. Crowley
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-128,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-128,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 0 comments) Shortsummary
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Organic nitrates generated from the reaction between isoprene and the nitrate radical (ISOP-NITs) were detected via their thermal disscoiation in heated quartz inlets to nitrogen dioxide monitored by cavity ring-down spectroscopy. The temperature-dependent dissociation profiles of ISOP-NITs in the presence of ozone (O3) are broad in contrast to narrow profiles of common reference compounds. We demonstrate that this broadening is caused by O3-assisted reactions of ISOP-NITs on quartz surfaces.Hide
06 May 2021 Inpainting Radar Missing Data Regions with Deep Learning Andrew Geiss and Joseph C. Hardin Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-100,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-100,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 0 comments) Shortsummary
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Radars can suffer from missing or poor-quality data regions for several reasons: beam blockage, instrument failure, near-ground blind zones, etc. Here, we demonstrate how deep convolutional neural networks can be used for filling-in radar missing data regions, and that they can significantly outperform conventional approaches in terms of realism and accuracy.Hide
06 May 2021 Spaceborne differential absorption radar water vapor retrieval capabilities in tropical and subtropical boundary layercloud regimes
Richard Roy, Matthew Lebsock, and Marcin Kurowski Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-111,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-111,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 0 comments) Shortsummary
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This study describes the potential capabilities of a hypothetical spaceborne radar to observe water vapor within clouds.Hide
06 May 2021 Are elevated moist layers a blind spot for hyperspectral infrared sounders? – A model study Marc Prange, Manfred Brath, and Stefan Alexander Buehler Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-48,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-48,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 2 comments) Shortsummary
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We investigate the ability of the hyperspectral infrared satellite instrument IASI to resolve moist layers in the tropical free troposphere in a model framework. Previous observational results indicated major deficiencies of passive satellite instruments to resolve moist layers around the freezing level. We show that the humidity retrieval can be improved by better resolving the temperature structure and conclude that such moist layers do not pose an inherent satellite blind spot.Hide
06 May 2021 High temporal resolution wet delay gradients estimated from multi-GNSS and microwave radiometer observations Tong Ning and Gunnar Elgered Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-101,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-101,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 2 comments) Shortsummary
Short summary
We compared the GNSS-derived gradients to the ones obtained from a collocated WVR. Overall the multi-GNSS solutions show small but significant improvements with the WVR gradients. When estimating GNSS gradients the choice temporal resolution is a compromise between getting a high correlation and loosing track of rapid gradient variations. Weakening the constraint used when estimating the GNSS gradients helps to track short-lived gradients however at the cost of increased formal errors.Hide
05 May 2021 Tropospheric and stratospheric NO retrieved from ground-based FTIR measurements Minqiang Zhou, Bavo Langerock, Corinne Vigouroux, Bart Dils, Christian Hermans, Nicolas Kumps, Jean-Marc Metzger, Emmanuel Mahieu, Pucai Wang, and Martine De Mazière Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-119,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-119,2021
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NO is a key active trace gas in the atmosphere, which affects the atmospheric environment and human health. In this study, we show that the tropospheric and stratospheric NO partial columns can be observed from the ground-based FTIR measurements at a polluted site (Xianghe, China), but only stratospheric NO partial columns can be observed at a background site (Maïdo, Reunion Island). The variations of the NO observed by the FTIR measurements at the two sites are analyzed anddiscussed.
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04 May 2021 Deriving column-integrated thermospheric temperature with the N2 Lyman–Birge–Hopfield (2,0) band Clayton Cantrall and Tomoko Matsuo Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-75,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-75,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 1 comment) Shortsummary
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This paper presents a new technique to determine temperatures in the thermosphere from observations of far ultraviolet radiation emitted by N2. The technique utilizes a linear relationship that is established between observations and temperatures. It is shown that the derived temperatures should be treated as column-integrated quantities. Applying the technique to NASA GOLD observations results in temperatures that agree with other thermosphere observations during a geomagnetic disturbance.Hide
03 May 2021 Improved ozone monitoring by ground-based FTIRspectrometry
Omaira E. García, Esther Sanromá, Matthias Schneider, Frank Hase, Sergio Fabián León-Luis, Thomas Blumenstock, Eliezer Sepúlveda, Alberto Redondas, Virgilio Carreño, Carlos Torres, and Natalia Prats Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-67,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-67,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 2 comments) Shortsummary
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Accurate observations of atmospheric ozone (O3) are essential to monitor in detail its key role in the atmospheric chemistry. In this context, the current paper has assessed the effect of using different retrieval strategies on the quality of O3 products from ground-based NDACC FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) spectrometry, with the aim of providing an improved O3 retrieval that could be applied at any NDACCFTIR station.
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03 May 2021 First Eddy Covariance Flux Measurements of Semi Volatile Organic Compounds with the PTR3-TOF-MS Lukas Fischer, Martin Breitenlechner, Eva Canaval, Wiebke Scholz, Marcus Striednig, Martin Graus, Thomas G. Karl, Tuukka Petäjä, Markku Kulmala, and Armin Hansel Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-117,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-117,2021
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Ecosystems emit biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC), which are then oxidized in the atmosphere contributing to ozone and secondary aerosol formation. While flux measurements of BVOC are state of the art, flux measurements of the less volatile oxidation products are difficult to achieve due to inlet losses. Here we present first flux measurements utilizing a novel PTR3 instrument in combination with a specially designed “wall-less” inlet we put on top of the Hyytiälä tower in Finland.Hide
29 Apr 2021 Rapid measurement of RH-dependent aerosol hygroscopic growth using a humidity-controlled fast integrated mobility spectrometer (HFIMS) Jiaoshi Zhang, Steven Spielman, Yang Wang, Guangjie Zheng, Xianda Gong, Susanne Hering, and Jian Wang Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-90,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-90,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 2 comments) Shortsummary
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In this study, we introduce a newly developed instrument, the humidity-controlled fast integrated mobility spectrometer (HFIMS). The HFIMS can measure the distributions of particle hygroscopic growth factors at six diameters from 35 to 265 nm under five RH levels from 20 to 85 % within 25 min. The HFIMS significantly advances our capability to characterize the hygroscopic growth of atmospheric aerosols over a wide range of relative humidifies.Hide
27 Apr 2021 Validation of a new cavity ring-down spectrometer for measuring tropospheric gaseous hydrogen chloride Teles C. Furlani, Patrick R. Veres, Kathryn E. R. Dawe, J. Andrew Neuman, Steven S. Brown, Trevor C. VandenBoer, and Cora J. Young Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-105,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-105,2021
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This study characterized and validated a commercial spectroscopic instrument for measurement of hydrogen chloride (HCl) in the atmosphere. Near the Earth’s surface, HCl acts as the dominant reservoir for other chlorine-containing reactive chemicals that play an important role in atmospheric chemistry. The properties of HCl make it challenging to measure. The instrument we investigated can overcome many of these challenges, enabling reliable HCl measurements.Hide
26 Apr 2021 Comment on “Synergetic use of IASI and TROPOMI space borne sensors for generating a tropospheric methane profile product”Simone Ceccherini
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-98,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-98,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 0 comments) Shortsummary
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The equivalence between the data fusion performed using the Kalman filter and the Complete Data Fusion has been proved and a generalization of the Complete Data Fusion formula, that is valid also in the case that the noise error covariance matrices of the fused products are singular, is derived. The two methods are also equivalent to the measurement space solution data fusion method and, for moderately non linear problems, the three methods are all equivalent to the simultaneous retrieval.Hide
23 Apr 2021 Development of a Laser-Photofragmentation Laser-Induced Fluorescence instrument for the detection of nitrous acid and hydroxyl radicals in the atmosphere Brandon Bottorff, Emily Reidy, Levi Mielke, Sebastien Dusanter, andPhilip Stevens
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-102,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-102,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 2 comments) Shortsummary
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Nitrous acid (HONO) is an important source of hydroxyl (OH) radicals, the primary oxidant in the atmosphere. Accurate measurements of HONO are thus important to understand the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere. A new instrument capable of measuring atmospheric nitrous acid (HONO) with high sensitivity is presented, utilizing laser photofragmentation of ambient HONO and subsequent detection of the OHradical fragment.
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23 Apr 2021 PARAFOG v2.0: a near real-time decision tool to support nowcasting fog formation events at local scales Jean-François Ribaud, Martial Haeffelin, Jean-Charles Dupont, Marc-Antoine Drouin, Felipe Toledo, and Simone Kotthaus Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-99,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-99,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 2 comments) Shortsummary
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PARAFOG is a near-real time decision tool that aims to retrieve pre-fog alert levels minutes to hours prior to fog onset. The second version of PARAFOG allows to discriminate between radiation and stratus lowering fog situations. It is based upon the combination of visibility observations and automatic lidar and ceilometer measurements. The overall performance of the second version of PARAFOG over more than 300 fog cases at 5 different locations present a goodperfomance.
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21 Apr 2021 Comparison of mid-latitude single and mixed-phase cloud optical depth from co-located infrared spectrometer and backscatterLiDAR measurements
Gianluca Di Natale, Marco Barucci, Claudio Belotti, Giovanni Bianchini, Francesco D'Amato, Samuele Del Bianco, Marco Gai, Alessio Montori, Ralf Sussmann, Silvia Viciani, Hannes Vogelmann, and LucaPalchetti
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-104,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-104,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 1 comment) Shortsummary
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The importance of the cirrus and mixed phase clouds in the Earth Radiation Budget has been proven by many studies, since they interact with the shortwave and thermal radiation coming from the sun and the Earth. In this paper the main properties which characterize cirrus clouds are retrieved from the far infrared spectral and lidar measurements performed on field during Winter 2018–2019 on the Zugspitze Mount (Germany) within the FIRMOS project, founded by the European Space Agency (ESA).Hide
20 Apr 2021 A Dual-Droplet Approach for Measuring the Hygroscopicityof Aqueous Aerosol
Jack M. Choczynski, Ravleen Kaur Kohli, Craig S. Sheldon, Chelsea L. Price, and James F. Davies Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-108,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-108,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 6 comments) Shortsummary
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Relative humidity (RH) and hygroscopicity play an important role in regulating the physical, chemical and optical properties of aerosol. In this work, we develop a new method to characterize hygroscopicity using particle levitation. We levitate two droplets with an electrodynamic balance and measure their size with light scattering methods, using one droplet as a probe of the RH. We demonstrate highly accurate and precise measurements of the RH and hygroscopic growth ofa range of samples.
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20 Apr 2021 Optimal ash particle refractive index model for simulating the brightness temperature spectrum of volcanic ash clouds from satellite infrared sounder measurements Hiroshi Ishimoto, Masahiro Hayashi, and Yuzo Mano Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-103,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-103,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 3 comments) Shortsummary
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Using complex refractive index (RI) models based on new datasets, the accuracy of brightness temperature simulation for volcanic ash clouds in the atmospheric window region was greatly improved. Our results also suggested that the optimal RI model for ash materials can be determined from hyperspectral sounder measurements as well as NBO/T and SiO2 wt. % data obtained from compositional analysis of ash samples under the condition that sufficient RI models are available inadvance.
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19 Apr 2021 Comparing scattering ratio products retrieved from ALADIN/Aeolus and CALIOP/CALIPSO observations: sensitivity, comparability, and temporal evolution Artem Feofilov, Hélène Chepfer, Vincent Noel, Rodrigo Guzman, Cyprien Gindre, and Marjolaine Chiriaco Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-96,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-96,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 0 comments) Shortsummary
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The spaceborne lidars have been providing invaluable information of atmospheric optical properties since 2006, and new lidar missions are on the way to ensure continuous observations. In this work, we perform an intercomparison of the spaceborne ALADIN and CALIOP lidars operating at 355 nm and 532 nm, respectively. The analysis of collocated data reveals that the cloud detection agreement is better in lower layers whereas high clouds are less frequently retrieved from ALADIN observations.Hide
19 Apr 2021 Boundary layer water vapour statistics from high-spatial-resolution spaceborne imaging spectroscopy Mark T. Richardson, David R. Thompson, Marcin J. Kurowski, and MatthewD. Lebsock
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-89,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-89,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 2 comments) Shortsummary
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Upcoming hyperspectral imagers will take images with spatial resolution as fine as 30 m. They can retrieve column water vapour and we show evidence that from these column measurements you can get statistics of planetary boundary layer (PBL) water vapour. This is important information for climate models that need to account for sub-grid mixing of water vapour near the surface in their PBL schemes.Hide
15 Apr 2021 Effect of snow-covered ground albedo on the accuracy of air temperature measurements Chiara Musacchio, Graziano Coppa, Gaber Begeš, Christina Hofstätter-Mohler, Laura Massano, Guido Nigrelli, Francesca Sanna,and Andrea Merlone
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-63,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-63,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 4 comments) Shortsummary
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In the context of the overhaul of WMO/CIMO guide #8 on instruments and methods of observation, we performed an experiment to quantify uncertainties in air temperature measurements due to reflected solar radiation from a snow-covered surface. Couples of sensors with different radiation shields were put under different ground conditions (grass vs snow) for a whole winter. Results show that different shields may reduce the influence of backward radiation, which can produce errors up to 3 °C.Hide
14 Apr 2021 Retrievals of dust-related particle mass and ice-nucleating particle concentration profiles with ground-based polarization lidar and sun photometer over a central China megacity Yun He, Yunfei Zhang, Fuchao Liu, Zhenping Yin, Yang Yi, Yifan Zhan,and Fan Yi
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-83,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-83,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 1 comment) Shortsummary
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POLIPHON method can retrieve the height profiles of dust-related particle mass and ice-nucleating particles (INP) concentrations. Applying a dust-case data-set screening scheme based on the lidar-derived depolarization ratio (rather than Ångström exponent for 440–870 nm and AOD at 532 nm), the mixed-dust-related conversion factors are retrieved from the sun photometer observation over a central China megacity, Wuhan. This method may potentially be extended to the regions influenced by mixed dust.Hide
13 Apr 2021 Photochemical method for removing methane interference for improved gas analysis Merve Polat, Jesper Baldtzer Liisberg, Morten Krogsbøll, Thomas Blunier, and Matthew S. Johnson Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-91,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-91,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 1 comment) Shortsummary
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We have designed a process for removing methane from a gas stream so that nitrous oxide can be measured without interference. These are both key long lived greenhouse gases, and frequently studied in relation to ice cores, plants, water treatment and so on. However, many researchers are not aware of the problem of methane interference and in addition there have not been good methods available for solving the problem. Here we present and evaluate such a method.Hide
13 Apr 2021 The “Ideal Spectrograph” for Atmospheric Observations Ulrich Platt, Thomas Wagner, Jonas Kuhn, and Thomas Leisner Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-521,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-521,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 3 comments) Shortsummary
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Absorption spectroscopy of scattered-sunlight is extremely useful for the analysis of atmospheric trace gas distributions. A central parameter for the achievable sensitivity of spectroscopic instruments is the light throughput, which can be enhanced in a number of ways. We present new ideas and considerations how instruments could be optimized. Particular emphasis is on arrays of massively parallel instruments. Such arrays can reduce size and weight of instruments by orders of magnitude.Hide
12 Apr 2021 Interpreting estimated Observation Error Statistics of Weather Radar Measurements using the ICON-LAM-KENDA System Yuefei Zeng, Tijana Janjic, Yuxuan Feng, Ulrich Blahak, Alberto de Lozar, Elisabeth Bauernschubert, Klaus Stephan, and Jinzhong Min Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-95,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-95,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 2 comments) Shortsummary
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Observation errors (OE) of radar measurements are correlated. The Desroziers method has been often used to estimate statistics of OE in data assimilation. However, resulted statistics consists of contributions from different sources and are difficult to interpret. Here we use an approach that is based on samples for truncation error to approximate the representation error due to unresolved scales and processes (RE) and compare its statistics with OE statistics estimated by the Desroziers method.Hide
08 Apr 2021 Evolution under dark conditions of particles from old and modern diesel vehicles, in a new environmental chamber characterized with fresh exhaust emissions Boris Vansevenant, Cédric Louis, Corinne Ferronato, Ludovic Fine, Patrick Tassel, Pascal Perret, Evangelia Kostenidou, Brice Temime-Roussel, Barbara D'Anna, Karine Sartelet, Véronique Cerezo,and Yao Liu
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-43,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-43,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 1 comment) Shortsummary
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A new method was developed to correct wall losses of particles on Teflon walls using a new environmental chamber. It was applied to experiments with 6 diesel vehicles (Euro 3 to 6), tested on a chassis dynamometer. Emissions of particles and precursors were obtained in urban and motorway conditions. The chamber experiments help understand the role of physical processes on diesel particle evolutions in the dark. These results can be applied to situations such as tunnels orwinter rush hours.
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08 Apr 2021 GNSS-based water vapor estimation and validation during the MOSAiC expedition Benjamin Männel, Florian Zus, Galina Dick, Susanne Glaser, Maximilian Semmling, Kyriakos Balidakis, Jens Wickert, Marion Maturilli, Sandro Dahlke, and Harald Schuh Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-79,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-79,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 2 comments)Short summary
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Within the MOSAiC expedition, GNSS was used to monitor variations in atmospheric water vapor. Based on 15 months of continuously tracked data, coordinates and hourly zenith total delays (ZTD) were determined using kinematic precise point positioning. The derived ZTD values agree within few millimeters to ERA5 and terrestrial GNSS and VLBI stations. The derived integrated water vapor corresponds to the frequently launched radiosondes (0.08 ± 0.04 kg m−2, RMS of the differences 1.47 kg m−2).Hide
06 Apr 2021 Using Vertical Phase Differences to Better Resolve 3D Gravity Wave Structure Corwin J. Wright, Neil P. Hindley, M. Joan Alexander, Laura A. Holt,and Lars Hoffmann
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-93,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-93,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 2 comments)Short summary
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Measuring atmospheric gravity waves in low-vertical-resolution data is technically challenging, especially when the waves are significantly longer in the vertical than the length of the measurement domain. We introduce and demonstrate a modification to the existing Stockwell-Transform methods of characterising these waves that addresses these problems, with no apparent reduction in the other capabilities of the technique.Hide
06 Apr 2021 Effects of Aerosol Size and Coating Thickness on the Molecular Detection using Extractive Electrospray Ionization Chuan Ping Lee, Mihnea Surdu, David M. Bell, Houssni Lamkaddam, Mingyi Wang, Farnoush Ataei, Victoria Hofbauer, Brandon Lopez, Neil M. Donahue, Josef Dommen, Andre S. H. Prevot, Jay G. Slowik, Dongyu Wang, Urs Baltensperger, and Imad El Haddad Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-22,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-22,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 2 comments)Short summary
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The extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (EESI-MS) has been deployed for high throughput online detection of analyte particles with minimal fragmentations for decades. Our studies elucidate the extraction mechanism between analyte particles of different properties and charged electrospray droplets at different sizes. The results show that the extraction is a complete coalesce but is limited by the coalesce efficiency at different sizes, affecting the quantification accuracy.Hide
06 Apr 2021 Validation of Methane and Carbon Monoxide from Sentinel-5 Precursor using TCCON and NDACC-IRWG stations Mahesh Kumar Sha, Bavo Langerock, Jean-François L. Blavier, Thomas Blumenstock, Tobias Borsdorff, Matthias Buschmann, Angelika Dehn, Martine De Mazière, Nicholas M. Deutscher, Dietrich G. Feist, Omaira E. García, David W. T. Griffith, Michel Grutter, James W. Hannigan, Frank Hase, Pauli Heikkinen, Christian Hermans, Laura T. Iraci, Pascal Jeseck, Nicholas Jones, Rigel Kivi, Nicolas Kumps, Jochen Landgraf, Alba Lorente, Emmanuel Mahieu, Maria V. Makarova, Johan Mellqvist, Jean-Marc Metzger, Isamu Morino, Tomoo Nagahama, Justus Notholt, Hirofumi Ohyama, Ivan Ortega, Mathias Palm, Christof Petri, David F. Pollard, Markus Rettinger, John Robinson, Sébastien Roche, Coleen M. Roehl, Amelie N. Röhling, Constantina Rousogenous, Matthias Schneider, Kei Shiomi, Dan Smale, Wolfgang Stremme, Kimberly Strong, Ralf Sussmann, Yao Té, Osamu Uchino, Voltaire A. Velazco, Mihalis Vrekoussis, Pucai Wang, Thorsten Warneke, Tyler Wizenberg, Debra Wunch, Shoma Yamanouchi, Yang Yang, and Minqiang Zhou Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-36,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-36,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 2 comments)Short summary
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This paper presents for the first time Sentinel-5 Precursor Methane and Carbon Monoxide validation results covering a period from November 2017 to September 2020. For this study, we used global TCCON and NDACC-IRWG network data covering a wide range of atmospheric and surface conditions at different terrains. We also show the influence of a priori alignment, smoothing uncertainties, and the sensitivity of the validation results towards the application of advanced co-locationcriteria.
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01 Apr 2021 Accuracy in starphotometry Liviu Ivănescu, Konstantin Baibakov, Norman T. O'Neill, Jean-Pierre Blanchet, and Karl-Heinz Schulz Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-88,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-88,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 3 comments) Shortsummary
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Starphotometry seeks to provide accurate measures of nocturnal optical depth (OD). It is driven by a need to characterize aerosols & their radiative forcing effects during a very sparse data period. A sub 0.01 OD error is required to adequately characterize key aerosol parameters. We found approaches for sufficiently mitigating errors to achieve the 0.01 standard. This renders starphotometry the equal of daytime techniques & opens the door to exploiting its distinct star-pointing advantages.Hide
01 Apr 2021 A low-cost monitor for simultaneous measurement of fine particulate matter and aerosol optical depth – Part 3: Automation and design improvements Eric A. Wendt, Casey Quinn, Christian L'Orange, Daniel D. Miller-Lionberg, Bonne Ford, Jeffrey R. Pierce, John Mehaffy, Michael Cheeseman, Shantanu H. Jathar, David H. Hagan, Zoey Rosen, Marilee Long, and John Volckens Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-73,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-73,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 2 comments)Short summary
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Fine particulate matter air pollution is one of the leading contributors to adverse health outcomes on the planet. Here we describe the design and validation of a low-cost, compact, and autonomous instrument capable of measuring particulate matter levels directly via mass sampling, and optically via sunlight extinction measurement. We demonstrate the instrument’s accuracy relative to reference measurements and its potential for community-level sampling.Hide
31 Mar 2021 TOC intercomparison of Brewer, Dobson and BTS Solar at Hohenpeißenberg and Davos 2019/2020 Ralf Zuber, Ulf Köhler, Luca Egli, Mario Ribnitzky, Wolfgang Steinbrecht, and Julian Gröbner Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-52,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-52,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 4 comments)Short summary
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We validated two BTS based systems in a longer-term TOC analysis in the 2019/2020 campaign at Hohenpeißenberg and Davos. The results showed a deviation of the BTS Solar to Brewers of < 0.1 % with _k_ = 2 of < 1.5 %. Koherent showed a deviation of 1.7 % with a _k_ = 2 of 2.7 %. Resulting, the BTS Solar performance is comparable to Brewers in Hohenpeißenberg. Koherent shows a seasonal variation in Davos due to the sensitivity of its TOC retrieval algorithm to stratospherictemperature.
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30 Mar 2021 Estimation of PM2.5 Concentration in China Using Linear Hybrid Machine Learning Model Zhihao Song, Bin Chen, Yue Huang, Li Dong, and Tingting Yang Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-64,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-64,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 3 comments)Short summary
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The results show that the RGD–LHMLM can achieve the expected target well. The overall inversion accuracy (R2) of the model can be achieved 0.84 and the RMSE is 12.92µg/m3. For the model, R2 was above 0.7 in more than 70% of the sites, whereas RMSE and MAE were below 20 µg/m3 and 15 µg/m3, respectively. There was severe pollution in winter with an average PM2.5 concentration of 62.10 µg/m3. However, there was slight pollution in summer with an average PM2.5 concentration of47.39 µg/m3.
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29 Mar 2021 Application of a mobile laboratory using a Selected-Ion Flow-Tube Mass Spectrometer (SIFT-MS) for characterisation of volatile organic compounds and atmospheric trace gases Rebecca L. Wagner, Naomi J. Farren, Jack Davison, Stuart Young, James R. Hopkins, Alastair C. Lewis, David C. Carslaw, and Marvin D. Shaw Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-85,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-85,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 2 comments)Short summary
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This paper shows the use of a selected-ion flow tube mass spectrometer (SIFT-MS) in a mobile laboratory to provide on-road, high spatial and temporal measurements of CO2, CH4, multiple VOCs and other trace gases. Results are presented that highlight the potential of this platform for developing characterisation methods of different emissions sources in complex urban areas.Hide
29 Mar 2021 Determination of the multiple-scattering correction factor and its cross-sensitivity to scattering and wavelength dependence for different AE33 Aethalometer filter tapes: A multi-instrumental approach Jesús Yus-Díez, Vera Bernardoni, Griša Močnik, Andrés Alastuey, Davide Ciniglia, Matic Ivančič, Xavier Querol, Noemí Perez, Cristina Reche, Martin Rigler, Roberta Vecchi, Sara Valentini, andMarco Pandolfi
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-46,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-46,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 3 comments)Short summary
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Here we characterize the multiple scattering factor, C, of the dual-spot aethalometer AE33, its cross-sensitivity to scattering and wavelength dependence for 3 background stations: urban, regional, and mountain-top. The C was obtained for two set of filter tapes: M8020 and M8060. The cross-sensitivity to scattering and wavelength dependence of C were determined by intercomparing with other absorption and scattering measurements including multi-angle offline absorption measurements.Hide
29 Mar 2021 Improvement of Odin/SMR water vapour and temperature measurements and validation of the obtained data sets Francesco Grieco, Kristell Pérot, Donal Murtagh, Patrick Eriksson, Bengt Rydberg, Michael Kiefer, Maya Garcia-Comas, Alyn Lambert, andKaley A. Walker
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-53,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-53,2021
Revised manuscript under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 4 comments) Short summaryShort summary
We present improved Odin/SMR mesospheric H2O concentration and temperature data sets, reprocessed assuming a bigger sideband leakage of the instrument. The validation study shows how the improved SMR data sets agree better with other instruments' observations than the old SMR version did. Given their unique time extension and geographical coverage, and being H2O a good tracer of mesospheric circulation, the new data sets are valuable for the study of dynamical processes and multi-year trends.Hide
25 Mar 2021 Tracking aerosols and SO2 clouds from the Raikoke eruption: 3D view from satellite observations Nick Gorkavyi, Nickolay Krotkov, Can Li, Leslie Lait, Peter Colarco, Simon Carn, Matthew DeLand, Paul Newman, Mark Schoeberl, Ghassan Taha, Omar Torres, Alexander Vasilkov, and Joanna Joiner Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-58,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-58,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 8 comments)Short summary
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The June 21, 2019 eruption of the Raikoke volcano produced significant amounts of volcanic aerosols (sulfate and ash) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) gas that penetrated into the lower stratosphere. It was shown that the amount of SO2 decreases with a characteristic period of 8–18 days and the peak of sulfate aerosol lags the initial peak of SO2 by 1.5 months. Also we examined the dynamics of unusual a stratospheric coherent circular cloud of SO2 and aerosol that was observed from 07/18 to 10/22/2019.Hide
25 Mar 2021 Total ozone column retrieval from OMPS-NM measurements Andrea Orfanoz-Cheuquelaf, Alexei Rozanov, Mark Weber, Carlo Arosio, Annette Ladstätter-Weißenmayer, and John P. Burrows Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-61,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-61,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 4 comments)Short summary
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OMPS/NPP (2012–present) allows obtaining tropospheric ozone column by combining ozone data from limb and nadir observations from the same instrument platform. In a first step, the retrieval of total ozone column from OMPS Nadir Mapper using the Weighting Function Fitting Approach (WFFA) is described here. The OMPS total ozone was compared with ground-based and other satellite measurements, showing agreementwithin 2 %.
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25 Mar 2021 Estimation of ship emission rates at a major shipping lane by long path DOAS measurements Kai Krause, Folkard Wittrock, Andreas Richter, Stefan Schmitt, Denis Pöhler, Andreas Weigelt, and John P. Burrows Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-65,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-65,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 2 comments)Short summary
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Ships are an important source of key pollutants. Usually, these are measured on-board the ship or on-coast using in situ instruments. This study shows how active optical remote sensing can be used to measure ship emissions and how to determine emission rates of individual ships out of those measurements. These emission rates are valuable input for the assessment of the influence of shipping emissions in regions close to the shipping lanes.Hide
24 Mar 2021 Introducing the MISR Level 2 Near Real-Time AerosolProduct
Marcin L. Witek, Michael J. Garay, David J. Diner, Michael A. Bull, Felix C. Seidel, Abigail M. Nastan, and Earl G. Hansen Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-71,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-71,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 9 comments)Short summary
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This article documents development and testing of a new near real-time (NRT) aerosol product from the MISR instrument on NASA’s Terra platform. The NRT product capitalizes on the unique attributes of the MISR retrieval approach, which leads to high-quality and reliable aerosol data product. Several modifications are described that allow for rapid product generation within a three-hour window following acquisition. Implications for the product quality and consistency are discussed.Hide
24 Mar 2021 Mie–Raman-Fluorescence lidar observations of aerosols during pollen season in the north of France Igor Veselovskii, Qiaoyun Hu, Philippe Goloub, Thierry Podvin, Marie Choël, Nicolas Visez, and Mikhail Korenskiy Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-80,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-80,2021
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT (discussion: final response, 6 comments) Short summaryShort summary
Multiwavelength Mie–Raman–fluorescence lidar of Lille University was used to characterize aerosols during the pollen season in the north of France for the period March – June 2020. The results of observations demonstrate that the presence of pollen grains in aerosol mixture leads to an increase of the depolarization ratio and to the the enhancement of the fluorescence backscattering.Hide
23 Mar 2021 Observing system simulation experiments double scientific return of surface-atmosphere synthesis Stefan Metzger, David Durden, Sreenath Paleri, Matthias Sühring, Brian Butterworth, Christopher Florian, Matthias Mauder, David M. Plummer, Luise Wanner, Ke Xu, and Ankur R. Desai Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-86,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-86,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 2 comments)Short summary
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Key Points: (i) Integrative observing system design can multiply the scientific return of surface-atmosphere field measurements. (ii) Catalyzing numerical simulations and first-principles machine learning open up observing system simulation experiments to novel applications. (iii) Use cases include natural climate solutions, emission inventory validation, urban air quality, and industry leak detection.Hide
23 Mar 2021 Utilizing an Electrical Low Pressure Impactor to Indirectly Probe Water Uptake via Particle Bounce Measurements Kevin B. Fischer and Giuseppe A. Petrucci Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-35,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-35,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 3 comments)Short summary
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The viscosity of organic particles in atmospheric aerosol is sometimes correlated to bounce factor. It is generally accepted that more viscous particles will be more likely to bounce following acceleration toward and impaction on a surface. We demonstrate that use of multi-stage low-pressure impactors for this purpose may result in measurement artifacts that depend on chemical composition, particle size and changing relative humidity. A hypothesis for the observed effect is presented.Hide
23 Mar 2021 Combination Analysis of Multi-Wavelength, Multi-Parameter Radar Measurements for Snowfall Mariko Oue, Pavlos Kollias, Sergey Y. Matrosov, Alessandro Battaglia, and Alexander V. Ryzhkov Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-78,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-78,2021
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT (discussion: closed, 4 comments)Short summary
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Multi-wavelength radar measurements provide capabilities of identifications of ice particle types and growth processes in clouds beyond single radar measurements. This study introduces Doppler velocity and polarimetric radar observables in the multi-wavelength radar reflectivity measurement to better improve the identification analysis. The analysis clearly discerned snowflake aggregation and riming processes and even early stages of riming.Hide
22 Mar 2021 An automated system for trace gas flux measurements from plantfoliage and other plant compartments Lukas Kohl, Markku Koskinen, Tatu Polvinen, Salla Tenhovirta, Kaisa Rissanen, Marjo Patama, Alessandro Zanetti, and Mari Pihlatie Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-82,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-82,2021
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT (discussion: closed, 4 comments)Short summary
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We present _PlasTraGAS_, a measurement system designed for continuous and automated measurements of trace gas and volatile organic compound (VOC) fluxes from plant shoots. _PlaSTraGAS_ uses transparent shoot enclosures equipped with cooling elements, automatically replaces fixated CO2, and removes transpired water from the enclosure, thus solving multiple technical problems that so far prevented automated plant shoot trace gas flux measurements.Hide
19 Mar 2021 Characterizing and correcting the warm bias observed in AMDAR temperature observations Siebren de Haan, Paul M. A. de Jong, and Jitze van der Meulen Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-519,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-519,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 3 comments)Short summary
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AMDAR temperatures suffer from a bias which can be related to difference of timing of height and measurement, and to internal corrections applied to pressure altitude. Based on NWP model temperature data combined with Mach number and true airspeed, we were able to estimate corrections Comparing corrected temperatures with (independent) radiosonde observations demonstrates a reduction of the bias from 0.5 K to around zero and of standard deviation of almost10 %.
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19 Mar 2021 Applying self-supervised learning for semantic cloud segmentation of all-sky images Yann Fabel, Bijan Nouri, Stefan Wilbert, Niklas Blum, Rudolph Triebel, Marcel Hasenbalg, Pascal Kuhn, Luis F. Zarzalejo, and Robert Pitz-Paal Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-1,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-1,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 1 comment) Shortsummary
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This work presents a new approach to exploit unlabeled image data from ground-based sky observations to train neural networks. We show that our model can detect cloud classes within images more accurately than models trained with conventional methods using small, labeled datasets only. Novel machine learning techniques as applied in this work enable training with much larger datasets leading to improved accuracy in cloud detection and less need for manual image labeling.Hide
19 Mar 2021 GFIT3: A full physics retrieval algorithm for remote sensing of greenhouse gases in the presence of aerosols Zhao-Cheng Zeng, Vijay Natraj, Feng Xu, Sihe Chen, Fang-Ying Gong, Thomas J. Pongetti, Keeyoon Sung, Geoffrey Toon, Stanley P. Sander,and Yuk L. Yung
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-84,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-84,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 2 comments)Short summary
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Large carbon source regions such as megacities are also typically associated with heavy aerosol loading, which introduces uncertainties in the retrieval of greenhouse gases from reflected and scattered sunlight measurements. In this study, we developed a full physics algorithm to retrieve greenhouse gases in the presence of aerosols and demonstrated its performance by retrieving CO2 and CH4 columns from remote sensing measurements in the Los Angeles megacity.Hide
19 Mar 2021 A compact static birefringent interferometer for the measurement of upper atmospheric winds: concept, design and labperformance
Tingyu Yan, Jeffery A. Langille, William E. Ward, William A. Gault, Alan Scott, Andrew Bell, Driss Touahiri, Sheng-Hai Zheng, and ChunminZhang
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-81,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-81,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 2 comments) 18 Mar 2021 Iodide-CIMS and _m/z_ 62: The detection of HNO3 as NO3− in the presence of PAN, peracetic acid and O3 Raphael Dörich, Philipp Eger, Jos Lelieveld, and John N. Crowley Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-57,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-57,2021
Revised manuscript under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 8 comments) Short summaryShort summary
We demonstrate in laboratory experiments that the formation of IOx anions (formed in reactons of I− with O3) or acetate anions (formed e.g. by the reaction of I− with peracetic acid) results in unexpected sensitivity of an iodide chemical ionisation mass spectrometer (I-CIMS) to HNO3 at a mass-to-chanrge ratio of 62. This helps explain observations of apparent high daytime levels of N2O5. Airborne measurements using I-CIMS confirm these conclusions.Hide
18 Mar 2021 Neural network modelling to estimate particle size distribution based on other particle sections and meteorologicalparameters
Pak Lun Fung, Martha Arbayani Zaidan, Ola Surakhi, Sasu Tarkoma, Tuukka Petäjä, and Tareq Hussein Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-37,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-37,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 1 comment) Shortsummary
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Aerosol size distribution measurements rely on a variety of techniques to classify the aerosol size and measure the size distribution. However, due to the instrumental insufficiency and inversion limitations, raw dataset contains missing gaps or negative values, which hinder further analysis. With a merged particle size distribution in Jordan, this paper suggests a neural network model to estimate number concentrations at a particular size bin by the number concentration at other size bins.Hide
18 Mar 2021 The COTUR project: Remote sensing of offshore turbulence for wind energy application Etienne Cheynet, Martin Flügge, Joachim Reuder, Jasna B. Jakobsen, Yngve Heggelund, Benny Svardal, Pablo Saavedra Garfias, Charlotte Obhrai, Nicolò Daniotti, Jarle Berge, Christiane Duscha, Norman Wildmann, Ingrid Husøy Onarheim, and Marte Godvik Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-511,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-511,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 2 comments)Short summary
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The COTUR campaign explored the structure of wind turbulence above the ocean to improve the design of future multi-megawatt offshore wind turbines. Deploying scientific instrument offshore is both a financial and technological challenge. Therefore, lidar technology was used to remotely measure the wind above the ocean from instruments located on the seaside. The experimental setup is tailored to the study of the spatial correlation of wind gusts, which governs the wind loading onstructures.
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18 Mar 2021 A Phase Separation Inlet for Droplets, Ice Residuals, and Interstitial Aerosol Particles Libby Koolik, Michael Roesch, Lesly J. Franco Deloya, Chuanyang Shen, A. Gannet Hallar, Ian B. McCubbin, and Daniel J. Cziczo Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-26,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-26,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 1 comment) Shortsummary
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A new inlet for studying the small particles, droplets and ice crystals that compose mixed-phase clouds has been constructed and is described here. This new inlet was then deployed at Storm Peak Laboratory, a mountain-top research facility in Colorado and within the Rocky Mountains. We present the performance of the new inlet to demonstrates its capability of separating ice, droplets and smallparticles.
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18 Mar 2021 Atmospheric Optical Turbulence Profile Measurement and Model Improvement over Arid and Semi-arid regions Hao Yang, Zhiyuan Fang, Cheng Li, Xu Deng, Kunming Xing, and ChenboXie
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-55,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-55,2021
Preprint withdrawn (discussion: closed, 3 comments) Short summaryShort summary
Atmospheric optical turbulence has a significant impact on optoelectronic instruments, so the measurement of atmospheric optical turbulence is very important. The evaluation and forecasting of atmospheric optical turbulence can improve the efficiency of photoelectric systems. Long-term observational data in the arid and semi-arid regions of Northwest China show that our research and model improvements are very meaningful.Hide
17 Mar 2021 Ozone Profile Retrieval from nadir TROPOMI measurementsin the UV range
Nora Mettig, Mark Weber, Alexei Rozanov, Carlo Arosio, John P. Burrows, Pepijn Veefkind, Anne M. Thompson, Richard Querel, Thierry Leblanc, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Rigel Kivi, and Matthew B. Tully Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-32,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-32,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 4 comments)Short summary
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TROPOMI is a nadir viewing satellite that allows global atmospheric trace gas observations at unprecedented spatial resolution since 2017. The retrieval of ozone profiles with high accuracy has been demonstrated by using the TOPAS (Tikhonov regularized Ozone Profile retrievAl with SCIATRAN) algorithm and applying appropriate spectral corrections to TROPOMI UV data. Ozone profiles from TROPOMI were compared to ozone sonde and lidar profiles showing an agreement to within 5 % in the stratosphere.Hide
17 Mar 2021 A Software Package to Simplify Tikhonov Regularization with Examples for Matrix-Based Inversion of SMPS and HTDMA DataMarkus D. Petters
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-51,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-51,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 2 comments)Short summary
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Inverse methods infer physical properties from a measured instrument response. Measurement noise often interferes with the inversion. This work presents a general, domain-independent, accessible, and computationally efficient software implementation of a common class of statistical inversion methods. In addition, a new method to invert data from humidified tandem differential mobility analyzers is introduced. Results show that the approach is suitable for inversion of large-scale datasets.Hide
17 Mar 2021 A differential emissivity imaging technique for measuring hydrometeor mass and type Dhiraj K. Singh, Spencer Donovan, Eric R. Pardyjak, and Timothy J.Garrett
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-44,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-44,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 2 comments)Short summary
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This paper describes a new instrument for quantifying the physical characteristic of hydrometeors such as snow and rain. The device can measure the mass, size, density, and type of individual hydrometeors and their bulk properties. The instrument is called the Differential Emissivity Imaging Disdrometer or DEID and is composed of a thermal camera and hotplate. The DEID measures hydrometeors at sampling frequencies up to 1 Hz with masses and effective diameters greater than 1 μg and 200 μm.Hide
16 Mar 2021 An observing system simulation experiment (OSSE)-based assessment of the retrieval of above-cloud temperature and water vapor using hyperspectral infrared sounder Jing Feng, Yi Huang, and Zhipeng Qu Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-518,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-518,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 2 comments) Shortsummary
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It is challenging to measure atmospheric conditions above convective storms. This study develops a method to retrieve thermodynamic variables above convective storms by using satellite observations from hyperspectral infrared sounder and active sensors collectively. We find that this method well-captures the spatial distributions of thermodynamic anomalies above convective clouds. It is promising to apply this method to the current and future satellites.Hide
12 Mar 2021 Rainfall retrieval algorithm for commercial microwave links: stochastic calibration Wagner Wolff, Aart Overeem, Hidde Leijnse, and Remko Uijlenhoet Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-34,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-34,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 4 comments)Short summary
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The existing infrastructure for cellular communication is promising for ground-based rainfall remote sensing. The rain-induced signal attenuation is used in dedicated algorithms for retrieving rainfall depth along commercial microwave links (CMLs) between cellphone towers. This processing is source of many uncertainties about input data, algorithm structures, parameters, CML network, and local climate. Application of a stochastic optimization method leads to improved CML rainfall estimates.Hide
11 Mar 2021 The nano-scanning electrical mobility spectrometer (nSEMS) and its application to size distribution measurements of 1.5–25 nm particles Weimeng Kong, Stavros Amanatidis, Huajun Mai, Changhyuk Kim, Benjamin C. Schulze, Yuanlong Huang, Gregory S. Lewis, Susanne V. Hering, John H. Seinfeld, and Richard C. Flagan Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-62,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-62,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 4 comments)Short summary
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We present the design, modeling, and experimental characterization of the nano-scanning electrical mobility spectrometer (nSEMS), a recently developed instrument that probes particle physical properties in the 1.5–25 nm range. The nSEMS has been proved to be extremely powerful in examining atmospheric nucleation and the subsequent growth of nanoparticles in the CERN CLOUD experiment, which provides a valuable asset to study atmospheric nanoparticles and to evaluate their impact on climate.Hide
11 Mar 2021 Physical characteristics of frozen hydrometeors inferred with parameter estimationAlan J. Geer
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-50,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-50,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 6 comments)Short summary
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Satellite observations sensitive to cloud and precipitation help improve the quality of weather forecasts. However, they are sensitive to things that models do not forecast, such as the shapes and sizes of snow and ice particles. These details can be estimated from the observations themselves, and then incorporated in the satellite simulators used in weather forecasting. This approach, known as parameter estimation, will be increasingly useful to build models of poorly known physical processes.Hide
11 Mar 2021 ALADIN laser frequency stability and its impact on theAeolus wind error
Oliver Lux, Christian Lemmerz, Fabian Weiler, Thomas Kanitz, Denny Wernham, Gonçalo Rodrigues, Andrew Hyslop, Olivier Lecrenier, Phil McGoldrick, Frédéric Fabre, Paolo Bravetti, Tommaso Parrinello, andOliver Reitebuch
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-74,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-74,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 1 comment) Shortsummary
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The work assesses the frequency stability of the laser transmitters on-board Aeolus and discusses its influence on the quality of the global wind data. Excellent frequency stability of the space lasers is evident, although enhanced frequency noise occurs at certain locations along the orbit due to micro-vibrations that are introduced by the satellite’s reaction wheels. The study elaborates on this finding and investigates the extent to which the enhanced frequency noise increases the wind error.Hide
09 Mar 2021 A Method for Liquid Spectrophotometric Measurement of Various Forms of Iron and Copper in Ambient Aerosols Yuhan Yang, Dong Gao, and Rodney J. Weber Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-72,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-72,2021
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT (discussion: closed, 6 comments)Short summary
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Iron and copper are commonly found in ambient aerosols and have been linked to adverse health effects. We describe a relatively simple bench-top instrument that can be used to quantify these metals in aqueous solutions and verify the method by comparison with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The approach is based on forming light absorbing metal-ligand complexes that can be measured with high sensitivity utilizing a long-path liquid waveguide capillary cell.Hide
09 Mar 2021 An algorithm to detect non-background signals in greenhouse gas time series from European tall tower and mountainstations
Alex Resovsky, Michel Ramonet, Leonard Rivier, Jerome Tarniewicz, Philippe Ciais, Martin Steinbacher, Ivan Mammarella, Meelis Mölder, Michal Heliasz, Dagmar Kubistin, Matthias Lindauer, Jennifer Müller-Williams, Sebastien Conil, and Richard Engelen Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-16,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-16,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 4 comments)Short summary
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We present a technical description of a statistical methodology for extracting synoptic and seasonal length anomalies from CO2 time series. The definition of what represents an anomalous signal is somewhat subjective, which we touch on throughout the paper. We show, however, that the method performs reasonably well in extracting portions of the time series influenced by significant NAO+ weather episodes and continent-wide terrestrial biospheric aberrations.Hide
08 Mar 2021 Efficacy of a portable, moderate-resolution, fast-scanning DMA for ambient aerosol size distribution measurements Stavros Amanatidis, Yuanlong Huang, Buddhi Pushpawela, Benjamin C. Schulze, Christopher M. Kenseth, Ryan X. Ward, John H. Seinfeld, Susanne V. Hering, and Richard C. Flagan Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-59,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-59,2021
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT (discussion: closed, 6 comments)Short summary
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We assess the performance of a highly-portable instrument, the Spider DMA, in measuring ambient aerosol particle size distributions, with specific attention to its moderate sizing resolution (_R_ = 3), that enabled its compact size. Long term field testing showed excellent correlation with a reference instrument over the 10–500 nm range. Our results suggest that moderate resolution is sufficient to obtain the key properties of ambient size distributions, enabling the design of smaller instruments.Hide
05 Mar 2021 Calibration and assessment of electrochemical low-cost sensors in remote alpine harsh environments Federico Dallo, Daniele Zannoni, Jacopo Gabrieli, Paolo Cristofanelli, Francescopiero Calzolari, Fabrizio de Blasi, Andrea Spolaor, Dario Battistel, Rachele Lodi, Warren Raymond Lee Cairns, Ann Mari Fjæraa, Paolo Bonasoni, and Carlo Barbante Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-483,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-483,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 1 comment) Shortsummary
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Our work showed how the adoption of low-cost technology could be useful in environmental research and monitoring. We focused our work on tropospheric ozone, but we showed also how to make a general purpose low-cost sensing system which may be adapted and optimised to be used in many other case studies. Given the importance of providing data quality, we putted a lot of effort in sensors' calibration and we believe that our results show how to exploit the potential of the low-cost technology.Hide
04 Mar 2021 Validation of Aeolus winds using ground-based radars in Antarctica and in northern Sweden Evgenia Belova, Sheila Kirkwood, Peter Voelger, Sourav Chatterjee, Karathazhiyath Satheesan, Susanna Hagelin, Magnus Lindskog, and HeinerKörnich
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-54,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-54,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 6 comments)Short summary
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Wind measurements from two radars, ESRAD in Arctic Sweden and MARA at the Indian Antarctic station Maitri, are compared with lidar winds from the ESA satellite Aeolus, July–December 2019. The aim is to check if Aeolus data processing is adequate for the sunlit conditions of polar summer. Agreement is generally good with bias in Aeolus winds < 1 m s−1 in most circumstances. The exception is a large bias (6 m s−1) when the satellite has crossed a sunlit Antarctic ice-cap before passing MARA.Hide
04 Mar 2021 Evaluation and Impact Factors of Doppler Wind Lidar during Super Typhoon Lekima (2019) Xu Wang, Shengming Tang, Yun Guo, Jie Tang, and Shuai Zhang Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-42,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-42,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 1 comment) Shortsummary
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Doppler wind lidar (DWL) has been shown to obtain fairly accurate wind speeds in normal wind conditions. However, the evaluation of DWL winds under typhoon conditions is less common. This study evaluated the accuracy of wind data and investigated the impact of factors (e.g., precipitation and humidity) on the DWL-observed winds at three locations in China during Super Typhoon Lekima (2019). This study is expected to provide support for the use of DWL in tropical cycloneobservations.
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02 Mar 2021 An improved tropospheric NO2 column retrieval algorithm for TROPOMI over Europe Song Liu, Pieter Valks, Gaia Pinardi, Jian Xu, Ka Lok Chan, Athina Argyrouli, Ronny Lutz, Steffen Beirle, Ehsan Khorsandi, Frank Baier, Vincent Huijnen, Alkiviadis Bais, Sebastian Donner, Steffen Dörner, Myrto Gratsea, François Hendrick, Dimitris Karagkiozidis, Kezia Lange, Ankie J. M. Piters, Julia Remmers, Andreas Richter, Michel Van Roozendael, Thomas Wagner, Mark Wenig, and Diego G. Loyola Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-39,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-39,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 2 comments)Short summary
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In this work, an improved tropospheric NO2 retrieval algorithm from TROPOMI measurements over Europe is presented. The stratospheric estimation is implemented with correction for the dependency of the stratospheric NO2 on the viewing geometry. The AMF calculation is implemented using improved surface albedo, a priori NO2 profiles, and cloud correction. The improved tropospheric NO2 data show good correlations with ground-based MAX-DOAS measurements.Hide
02 Mar 2021 Sizing Response of the Ultra-High Sensitivity Aerosol Size Spectrometer (UHSAS) and Laser Aerosol Spectrometer (LAS) to Changes in Submicron Aerosol Composition and Refractive Index Richard H. Moore, Elizabeth B. Wiggins, Adam T. Ahern, Stephen Zimmerman, Lauren Montgomery, Pedro Campuzano Jost, Claire E. Robinson, Luke D. Ziemba, Edward L. Winstead, Bruce E. Anderson, Charles A. Brock, Matthew D. Brown, Gao Chen, Ewan C. Crosbie, Hongyu Guo, Jose L. Jimenez, Carolyn E. Jordan, Ming Lyu, Benjamin A. Nault, Nicholas E. Rothfuss, Kevin J. Sanchez, Melinda Schueneman, Taylor J. Shingler, Michael A. Shook, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Nicholas L. Wagner,and Jian Wang
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-21,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-21,2021
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT (discussion: closed, 4 comments)Short summary
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Atmospheric particles are everywhere and exist in a range of sizes from a few nanometers to hundreds of microns. Because particle size determines the behavior of chemical and physical processes, accurately measuring particle sizes is an important and integral part of atmospheric field measurements! Here, we discuss the performance of two, commonly-used particle sizers and how changes in particle composition and optical properties may result in sizing uncertainties,which we quantify.
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01 Mar 2021 Real-time UV-Index retrieval in Europe using Earth Observation based techniques and validation against ground-basedmeasurements
Panagiotis G. Kosmopoulos, Stelios Kazadzis, Alois W. Schmalwieser, Panagiotis I. Raptis, Kyriakoula Papachristopoulou, Ilias Fountoulakis, Akriti Masoom, Alkiviadis F. Bais, Julia Bilbao, Mario Blumthaler, Axel Kreuter, Anna Maria Siani, Kostas Eleftheratos, Chrysanthi Topaloglou, Julian Gröbner, Bjørn Johnsen, Tove Svendby, Jose Manuel Vilaplana, Lionel Doppler, Ann R. Webb, Marina Khazova, Hugo De Backer, Anu Heikkilä, Kaisa Lakkala, Janusz Jaroslawski, Charikleia Meleti, Henri Diémoz, Gregor Hülsen, Barbara Klotz, John Rimmer, and Charalampos Kontoes Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-506,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-506,2021
Revised manuscript under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 6 comments) Short summaryShort summary
Large-scale retrievals of the Ultraviolet Index(UVI) in real-time by exploiting the modern Earth Observation data and techniques, are capable of forming operational early warning systems that raise awareness among citizens of the health implications of high UVI doses. To this direction a novel UVI operating system, the so called UVIOS, was introduced for massive outputs, while its performance was tested against ground-based measurements revealing a dependence on the input quality and resolution.Hide
01 Mar 2021 Rethinking the correction for absorbing aerosols in the satellite-based surface UV products Antti Arola, William Wandji Nyamsi, Antti Lipponen, Stelios Kazadzis, Nickolay A. Krotkov, and Johanna Tamminen Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-17,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-17,2021
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT (discussion: final response, 4 comments) Short summaryShort summary
Methods to estimate surface UV radiation from satellite measurements offer the only means to obtain a global coverage and the development of satellite-based UV algorithms has been on-going since the early 1990s. One of the main challenges in this development has been how to account for the overall effect of absorption by atmospheric aerosols. One such method was suggested roughly a decade ago, and in this study we propose further improvements for that kind of approach.Hide
26 Feb 2021 Use of Large-Eddy simulations to design an adaptive sampling strategy to assess cumulus cloud heterogeneities by RemotelyPiloted Aircraft
Nicolas Maury, Gregory C. Roberts, Fleur Couvreux, Titouan Verdu, Pierre Narvor, Najda Villefranque, Simon Lacroix, and GautierHattenberger
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-20,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-20,2021
Revised manuscript under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 5 comments) Short summaryShort summary
The manuscript aims to use Large-Eddy simulations of cumulus clouds to design a sampling strategy that allows to follow cumulus clouds with Remotely Piloted Aircrafts and document the cloud spatial heterogeneities. Different possible explorations by RPAs are investigated and the use of Gaussian Process Regression permits the reconstruction of LWC distribution with only one RPA.Hide
26 Feb 2021 Retrieval of aerosol microphysical properties from atmospheric lidar sounding: an investigation using synthetic measurements and data from the ACEPOL campaign William G. K. McLean, Guangliang Fu, Sharon P. Burton, and Otto P.Hasekamp
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-29,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-29,2021
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT (discussion: closed, 6 comments)Short summary
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In this study, we present results from aerosol retrievals using both synthetic and real lidar datasets, including measurements from the ACEPOL (Aerosol Characterization from Polarimeter and Lidar) campaign, a combined initiative between NASA and SRON (the Netherlands Institute for Space Research). Aerosol microphysical retrievals were performed using the High Spectral Resolution Lidar-2 (HSRL-2) setup, alongside several others, with the ACEPOL retrievals also compared to polarimeter retrievals.Hide
26 Feb 2021 Four-dimensional mesospheric and lower thermospheric wind fields using Gaussian process regression on multistatic specular meteor radar observations Ryan Volz, Jorge L. Chau, Philip J. Erickson, Juha P. Vierinen, J. Miguel Urco, and Matthias Clahsen Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-40,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-40,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 6 comments) Shortsummary
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We introduce a new way of estimating winds in the upper atmosphere (about 80 to 100 kilometres altitude) from the observed Doppler shift of meteor trails using a statistical method called Gaussian process regression. Wind estimates and, critically, the uncertainty of those estimates can be evaluated smoothly (i.e. not gridded) in space and time. The effective resolution is set by provided parameters, which are limited in practice by the number density of the observed meteors.Hide
25 Feb 2021 Gas Reference Materials for Underpinning Atmospheric Measurements of Stable Isotopes of Nitrous Oxide Ruth E. Hill-Pearce, Aimee Hillier, Eric Mussell Webber, Kanokrat Charoenpornpukdee, Simon O'Doherty, Joachim Mohn, Christoph Zellweger, David R. Worton, and Paul J. Brewer Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-45,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-45,2021
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT (discussion: final response, 4 comments) Short summaryShort summary
There is currently a need for gas reference materials with well characterized delta values for monitoring N2O amount fractions. We present work towards the preparation of gas reference materials for calibration of in-field monitoring equipment, which target the WMO-GAW data quality objectives for comparability of amount fraction and demonstrate the stability of δ15Nα, δ15Nβ and δ18O values with pressure and effects of cylinder passivation.Hide
23 Feb 2021 Synergetic use of IASI and TROPOMI space borne sensors for generating a tropospheric methane profile product Matthias Schneider, Benjamin Ertl, Christopher J. Diekmann, Farahnaz Khosrawi, Amelie N. Röhling, Frank Hase, Darko Dubravica, Omaira E. García, Eliezer Sepúlveda, Tobias Borsdorff, Jochen Landgraf, Alba Lorente, Huilin Chen, Rigel Kivi, Thomas Laemmel, Michel Ramonet, Cyril Crevoisier, Jérome Pernin, Martin Steinbacher, Frank Meinhardt, Nicholas M. Deutscher, David W. T. Griffith, Voltaire A. Velazco, andDavid F. Pollard
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-31,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-31,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 5 comments)Short summary
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We present a computationally very efficient method for the synergetic use of different remote sensing data sets. We apply the method to IASI vertical profile and TROPOMI total column space borne methane observations and thus gain sensitivity for the tropospheric methane partial columns, which is not achievable by the individual use of TROPOMI and IASI. These synergetic effects are evaluated theoretically and by inter-comparisons to independent references of TCCON, AirCore,and GAW.
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22 Feb 2021 Unraveling a black box: An open-source methodology for the field calibration of small air quality sensors Seán Schmitz, Sherry Towers, Guillermo Villena, Alexandre Caseiro, Robert Wegener, Dieter Klemp, Ines Langer, Fred Meier, and Erika vonSchneidemesser
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-489,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-489,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 1 comment) Shortsummary
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The last two decades have seen substantial technological advances in the development of low-cost air pollution instruments. This study introduces a 7-step methodology for the field calibration of low-cost sensors with user-friendly guidelines, open access code, and a discussion of common barriers. Our goal with this work is to push for standardized reporting of methods, to make critical data processing steps clear for users, and encourage responsible use in the scientific community and beyond.Hide
19 Feb 2021 Airborne Mid-Infrared Cavity enhanced Absorption spectrometer (AMICA) Corinna Kloss, Vicheith Tan, J. Brian Leen, Garrett L. Madsen, Aaron Gardner, Xu Du, Thomas Kulessa, Johannes Schillings, Herbert Schneider, Stefanie Schrade, Chenxi Qiu, and Marc von Hobe Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-28,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-28,2021
Revised manuscript under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 4 comments) Short summaryShort summary
We describe the innovative analyzer AMICA for airborne trace gas measurements by infrared spectroscopy. Its design makes it robust and allows for sensitive measurements. AMICA has been used on two different aircraft for measuring gases including carbonyl sulfide, carbon monoxide and ozone. With fairly simple adaptions, AMICA can measure many stable trace gases that absorb light in the infrared.Hide
19 Feb 2021 MicroPulse DIAL (MPD) – a Diode-Laser-Based Lidar Architecture for Quantitative Atmospheric Profiling Scott M. Spuler, Matthew Hayman, Robert A. Stillwell, Joshua Carnes, Todd Bernatsky, and Kevin S. Repasky Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-41,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-41,2021
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT (discussion: closed, 6 comments)Short summary
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Continuous water vapor and temperature profiles are critically needed for improved understanding of the lower atmosphere and potential advances in weather forecasting skill. To address this observation need, an active remote sensing technology based on a diode-laser-based lidar architecture is being developed. We discuss the details of the lidar architecture and analyze how it addresses a national-scale profiling network's need to provide continuous thermodynamicobservations.
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18 Feb 2021 Drone Measurements of Surface-Based Winter Temperature Inversions in the High Arctic at Eureka Alexey B. Tikhomirov, Glen Lesins, and James R. Drummond Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-515,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-515,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 4 comments)Short summary
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Two commercial quadcopters (DJI Matrice 100 and M210-RTK) were equipped with an air temperature measurement system. They were flown at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Eureka, Nunavut, Canada, at 80° N latitude to study surface-based temperature inversion during the February–March field campaigns in 2017 and 2020. It was demonstrated that the drones can be effectively used in the High Arctic to measure vertical temperature profiles up to 60 m of the ground.Hide
18 Feb 2021 Species Correlation Measurements in Turbulent Flare Plumes: Considerations for Field Measurements Scott P. Seymour and Matthew R. Johnson Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-472,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-472,2021
Revised manuscript under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 4 comments) Short summaryShort summary
Field measurements of gas flare emissions often assume that combustion species are spatially/temporally correlated in the plume. By measuring black carbon (BC) and water vapour in turbulent lab-scale flare plumes, this study shows that the well-correlated species assumption is not universally valid and that field measurements may be subject to large added uncertainty. Further analysis suggests that this uncertainty is easily avoided and initial guidance is provided onsampling protocols.
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18 Feb 2021 Comparison of formaldehyde measurements by Hantzsch, CRDS and DOAS in the SAPHIR chamber Marvin Glowania, Franz Rohrer, Hans-Peter Dorn, Andreas Hofzumahaus, Frank Holland, Astrid Kiendler-Scharr, Andreas Wahner, and HendrikFuchs
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-10,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-10,2021
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT (discussion: closed, 8 comments)Short summary
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Three instruments using different techniques measuring gaseous formaldehyde concentrations were compared in experiments in the atmospheric simulation chamber SAPHIR at Forschungszentrum Jülich. Results demonstrate the need to correct the baseline in the measurements of instruments using the Hantzsch reaction or making use of cavity ring-down spectroscopy. After application of corrections all three methods give accurate and precice measurements within theirspecifications.
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16 Feb 2021 Intercomparison of IBBCEAS, NitroMAC and FTIR for HONO, NO2 and HCHO measurements during the reaction of NO2 with H2O vapor in the atmospheric simulation chamber of CESAM Hongming Yi, Mathieu Cazaunau, Aline Gratien, Vincent Michoud, Edouard Pangui, Jean-Francois Doussin, and Weidong Chen Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-19,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-19,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 3 comments)Short summary
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HONO, NO2 plays a crucial role in the atmospheric oxidation capacity that affects the regional air quality and global climate. Accurate measurements of HONO are challenging due to the drawback of existing detection methods. Calibration-free, high-sensitivity, direct, simultaneous NO2, HONO and CH2O measurement with UV-IBBCEAS provide accurate and fast quantitative analysis of their concentration variation within their lifetime by intercomparison with NOx analyzer, FT-IR and NitroMAC sensor.Hide
16 Feb 2021 Analysis of mobile monitoring data from the microAeth® MA200 for measuring changes in black carbon on the roadside inAugsburg
Xiansheng Liu, Hadiatullah Hadiatullah, Xun Zhang, L. Drew Hill, Andrew H. A. White, Jürgen Schnelle-Kreis, Jan Bendl, Gert Jakobi, Brigitte Schloter-Hai, and Ralf Zimmermann Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-517,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-517,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 5 comments)Short summary
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The study evaluated the real-time performance of the MA200 in urban area due to lacks information about this instrument’s performance under various settings for black carbon measurement. Noise reduction and negative value were explored using different data processing methods. The result showed that center moving average offered a good approach to post-process the raw BC concentration. These findings provide new insight for the noise reduction approach that applied in mobile monitoring campaign.Hide
16 Feb 2021 Effects of the Large-Scale Circulation on Temperature and Water Vapor Distributions in the Π Chamber Jesse C. Anderson, Subin Thomas, Prasanth Prabhakaran, Raymond A. Shaw, and Will Cantrell Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-13,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-13,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 2 comments)Short summary
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Fluctuations due to turbulence in Earth's atmosphere can play a role in how many droplets a cloud has, and eventually, whether that cloud rains or evaporates. We study such processes in Michigan Tech's cloud chamber. Here, we characterize the turbulent and large scale motions of air in the chamber, measuring the spatial and temporal distributions of temperature and water vapor, which we can combine to get the distribution of relative humidity, which governs cloud formation and dissipation.Hide
15 Feb 2021 Sensitivity of Aeolus HLOS winds to temperature and pressure specification in the L2B processor Matic Šavli, Vivien Pourret, Christophe Payan, and Jean-FrançoisMahfouf
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-38,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-38,2021
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT (discussion: closed, 4 comments)Short summary
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The ESA's Aeolus satellite wind retrieval is provided through a series of processors. It depends on the temperature and pressure specification, which, however, are not measured by the satellite. The numerical weather predicted values are used instead, but these are erroneous. The goal of this manuscript is to study the sensitivity of the wind retrieval by introducing errors in temperature and pressure. This has been found small for Aeolus, but is expected more crucial forfuture missions.
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15 Feb 2021 Polarization lidar for detecting dust orientation: System design and calibration Alexandra Tsekeri, Vassilis Amiridis, Alexandros Louridas, George Georgoussis, Volker Freudenthaler, Spiros Metallinos, George Doxastakis, Josef Gasteiger, Nikolaos Siomos, Peristera Paschou, Thanasis Georgiou, George Tsaknakis, Christos Evangelatos, and IoannisBinietoglou
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-30,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-30,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 2 comments)Short summary
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Dust orientation in the Earth's atmosphere is an ongoing investigation in recent years, and its potential proof will be a paradigm shift for dust remote sensing. We have designed and developed a polarization lidar that provides direct measurements of dust orientation, as well as more detailed information of the particle microphysics. We provide a description of its design as well as itsfirst measurements.
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12 Feb 2021 An improved cloud index for estimating downwelling surface solar irradiance from various satellite imagers in the framework of a Heliosat-V method Benoît Tournadre, Benoît Gschwind, Yves-Marie Saint-Drenan, andPhilippe Blanc
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-480,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-480,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 3 comments)Short summary
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Solar radiation received by the Earth's surface is a valuable information for various fields like photovoltaic industry or else climate research. Pictures taken from satellites can be used to estimate the solar radiation by identifying cloud properties of reflection. Several issues exist though: satellite sensors are all different. Even two identical instruments looking over the same place see different things. We aim at estimating solar radiation from a wide variety of such satellite sensors.Hide
11 Feb 2021 Evaluation of the coupled high-resolution atmospheric chemistry model system MECO(n) using in situ and MAX-DOAS NO2measurements
Vinod Kumar, Julia Remmers, Steffen Beirle, Joachim Fallmann, Astrid Kerkweg, Jos Lelieveld, Mariano Mertens, Andrea Pozzer, Benedikt Steil, and Thomas Wagner Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-23,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-23,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 2 comments)Short summary
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We present high resolution regional atmospheric chemistry model simulations focused around Germany. We highlight the importance of spatial resolution of the model itself as well as the input emissions inventory and short scale temporal variability of emissions for simulations. We propose a consistent approach for evaluating the simulated vertical distribution of NO2 using MAX-DOAS measurements while also considering its spatial sensitivity volume and change in sensitivity within this volume.Hide
10 Feb 2021 Evaluation of satellite retrievals of liquid clouds from the GOES-13 Imager and MODIS over the midlatitude North Atlantic during NAAMES campaign David Painemal, Douglas Spangenberg, William L. Smith Jr., Patrick Minnis, Brian Cairns, Richard H. Moore, Ewan Crosbie, Claire Robinson, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Edward L. Winstead, and Luke Ziemba Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-7,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-7,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 2 comments) 09 Feb 2021 Assessing the sources of particles at an urban background site using both regulatory instruments and low-cost sensors – Acomparative study
Dimitrios Bousiotis, Ajit Singh, Molly Haugen, David C. S. Beddows, Sebastián Diez, Pete M. Edwards, Adam Boies, Roy M. Harrison, andFrancis D. Pope
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-11,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-11,2021
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT (discussion: closed, 4 comments)Short summary
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Measurement and source apportionment of atmospheric pollutants is crucial for the assessment of air quality and the implementation of policies for its improvement. This study highlights the current capability of low-cost sensors in source identification and differentiation using clustering approaches. Future directions towards particulate matter source apportionment using low cost OPCs arehighlighted.
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09 Feb 2021 Identifying Insects, Clouds, and Precipitation using Vertically Pointing Polarimetric Radar Doppler Velocity Spectra Christopher R. Williams, Karen L. Johnson, Scott E. Giangrande, Joseph C. Hardin, Ruşen Öktem, and David M. Romps Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-27,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-27,2021
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT (discussion: closed, 6 comments)Short summary
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In addition to detecting clouds, vertically pointing cloud radars detect individual insects passing over head. If these insects are not identified and removed from raw observations, then radar derived cloud properties will be contaminated. This work identifies clouds in radar observations due to their continuous and smooth structure in time, height, and velocity. Cloud masks are produced that identify cloud vertical structure that are free of insect contamination.Hide
08 Feb 2021 Why we need radar, lidar, and solar radiance observations to constrain ice cloud microphysics Florian Ewald, Silke Groß, Martin Wirth, Julien Delanoë, Stuart Fox,and Bernhard Mayer
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-448,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-448,2021
Revised manuscript under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 4 comments) Short summaryShort summary
In this study, we show how solar radiance observations can be used to validate and further constrain ice cloud microphysics retrieved from the synergy of radar-lidar measurements. Since most radar-lidar retrievals rely on a global assumption about the ice particle shape, ice water content and particle size biases are to be expected in individual cloud regimes. In this work, we identify and correct these biases by reconciling simulated and measured solar radiation reflectedfrom these clouds.
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08 Feb 2021 Wind measurement comparison of Doppler lidar with wind cup and L band sounding radar Zizhong Zhou and Zhichao Bu Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-516,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-516,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 5 comments)Short summary
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In this paper we compare the Minute-level average wind speed and direction data measured by lidars to which measured by meteorological gradient tower and L band Sounding radar in Shenzhen and Zhangjiakou, one of the major cities in southern and northern China respectively. The meteorological gradient tower in Shenzhen is 356 meters high which capable for the comparison. Long-term data for about half a month shown good agreement between lidars and wind cup on the meteorologicalgradient tower.
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05 Feb 2021 Slit homogenizer introduced performance gain analysis based on Sentinel-5/UVNS spectrometer Timon Hummel, Christian Meister, Jasper Krauser, and Mark Wenig Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-15,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-15,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 4 comments)Short summary
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The impact of heterogeneous scene radiance is affecting the quality of trace gas retrieval products of Earth observation imaging spectrometers. This effect can be mitigated by introducing on-board hardware solutions called Slit Homogenizer, which scramble the light entering the instrument and thereby making it insensitive to Earth scene contrast. Here we present a comprehensive modelling of the Slit Homogenizer present in the Sentinel-5/UVNS instrument and quantify the spectral performance.Hide
04 Feb 2021 Non-target analysis using gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry: application to time series of fourth generation synthetic halocarbons at Taunus Observatory (Germany) Fides Lefrancois, Markus Jesswein, Markus Thoma, Andreas Engel, Kieran Stanley, and Tanja Schuck Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-488,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-488,2021
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT (discussion: closed, 8 comments)Short summary
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Synthetic halocarbons can contribute to stratospheric ozone depletion or to climate change. In many applications they have been replaced over the last years. The presented non-target analysis shows an application approach to quantify those replacements retrospectively, using recorded data of air measurements with gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry. We focus on the retrospective analysis of the fourth generation halocarbons, detected at Taunus Observatory in Germany.Hide
04 Feb 2021 On-line SPME derivatization for the sensitive determination of multi-oxygenated volatile compounds in air Esther Borrás, Luis A. Tortajada-Genaro, Milagros Ródenas, Teresa Vera, Thomas Speak, Paul Seakins, Marvin D. Shaw, Alastair C. Lewis,and Amalia Muñoz
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-498,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-498,2021
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT (discussion: closed, 4 comments)Short summary
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This work presents promising results in the characterization of specific atmospheric pollutants (oxygenated VOCs) present at very low concentrations but highly relevant. We carried out this research at EUPHORE facilities within the framework of the EUROCHAMP project, where we wanted to obtain a method with high robustness and precision, also being clean in the use of solvents, low-cost and easily adaptable for use in mobile laboratories for air quality monitoring.Hide
01 Feb 2021 Evaluating the use of Aeolus satellite observations in the regional NWP model Harmonie-Arome Susanna Hagelin, Roohollah Azad, Magnus Lindskog, Harald Schyberg, andHeiner Körnich
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-18,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-18,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 4 comments)Short summary
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In this paper we study the impact of using wind speed data from the Aeolus satellite, which provides wind speed profiles globally, in our Numerical Weather Prediction system using a regional model covering the Nordic countries. The wind speed profiles from Aeolus are assimilated by the model and we see that they have an impact on both the model analysis and forecast, though given the relatively few observations available the impact is often small.Hide
01 Feb 2021 Directionally dependent Lambertian-equivalent reflectivity (DLER) of the Earth's surface measured by the GOME-2 satellite instruments Lieuwe G. Tilstra, Olaf N. E. Tuinder, Ping Wang, and Piet Stammes Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-502,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-502,2021
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT (discussion: closed, 8 comments)Short summary
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In this paper we introduce the new concept of directionally dependent Lambertian-equivalent reflectivity (DLER) of the Earth's surface retrieved from satellite observations. We apply this concept to data of the GOME-2 satellite instruments, to create a global database of the reflectivity of the Earth's surface, providing surface DLER for 26 wavelength bands between 328 and 772 nm as a function of the satellite viewing angle via a second-degree polynomialparameterisation.
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29 Jan 2021 Improving thermodynamic profile retrievals from microwave radiometers by including Radio Acoustic Sounding System (RASS)observations
Irina V. Djalalova, David D. Turner, Laura Bianco, James M. Wilczak, James Duncan, Bianca Adler, and Daniel Gottas Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-9,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-9,2021
Revised manuscript under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 4 comments) Short summaryShort summary
In this paper we show the usefulness of observational data in the radiative transfer model to retrieve the reliable atmospheric temperature profiles. In particular, the additional data from radio acoustic sounding systems (RASS) could improve the temperature in terms of bias and RMSE in comparison to the radiosonde temperature profiles not only in the 200–2000 m atmospheric layer above the ground where RASS data available, but in the deep 0–5000 matmosphere stratum.
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28 Jan 2021 SIBaR: A New Method for Background Quantification and Removal from Mobile Air Pollution Measurements Blake Actkinson, Katherine Ensor, and Robert J. Griffin Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-5,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-5,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 2 comments)Short summary
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This paper describes the development of a new method used to estimate background from mobile monitoring time series. The method is tested on a previously published dataset, compared to measurements from a stationary monitor used to represent background in previously published work, and is applied for the first time on a Houston mobile monitoring dataset. Results suggest the method is a promising framework for background estimation.Hide
27 Jan 2021 Long-term column-averaged greenhouse gas observations using a COCCON spectrometer at the high surface albedo site Gobabeb,Namibia
Matthias M. Frey, Frank Hase, Thomas Blumenstock, Darko Dubravica, Jochen Groß, Frank Göttsche, Martin Handjaba, Petrus Amadhila, Roland Mushi, Isamu Morino, Kei Shiomi, Mahesh Kumar Sha, Martine de Mazière, and David F. Pollard Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-444,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-444,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 4 comments)Short summary
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In this study we present measurements of carbon dioxide, methane and carbon monoxide from a recently established site in Gobabeb, Namibia. Gobabeb is the first site observing these gases on the African mainland and improves the global coverage of measurement sites. Gobabeb is a hyperarid desert site, offering unique characteristics. Measurements started 2015 as part of the COllaborative Carbon Column Observing Network. We compare our results with other datasets and finda good agreement.
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27 Jan 2021 Evaluation of UV-visible MAX-DOAS aerosol profiling products by comparison with ceilometer, sun photometer, and in situ observations in Vienna, Austria Stefan F. Schreier, Tim Bösch, Andreas Richter, Kezia Lange, Michael Revesz, Philipp Weihs, Mihalis Vrekoussis, and Christoph Lotteraner Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-492,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-492,2021
Revised manuscript under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 6 comments) Short summaryShort summary
This paper reports on the evaluation of aerosol profiling products retrieved from ground-based MAX-DOAS instruments using the BOREAS algorithm. Aerosol extinction profiles, near-surface aerosol extinction, and aerosol optical depth are compared to measurements collected with ceilometer, sun photometer, and in-situ instruments. We show that these MAX-DOAS aerosol profiling products provide useful information to study spatial and temporal variations above the urbanarea of Vienna.
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27 Jan 2021 Monitoring the TROPOMI-SWIR module instrument stabilityusing desert sites
Tim A. van Kempen, Filippo Oggionni, and Richard M. van Hees Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-433,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-433,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 1 comment) Shortsummary
Short summary
Validation of the instrument stability of the TROPOMI-SWIR module is done by monitoring the a group of very stable and remote locations in the Saharan and Arabian deserts. These confirm the excellent stability and lack of degradation of the TROPOMI-SWIR module derived from the internal calibration sources. The method was done for the first time on a spectrometer in the short-wave infrared and ensures TROPOMI-SWIR can be used for atmospheric research for years to come.Hide
26 Jan 2021 Assessing sub-grid variability within satellite pixels using airborne mapping spectrometer measurements Wenfu Tang, David P. Edwards, Louisa K. Emmons, Helen M. Worden, Laura M. Judd, Lok N. Lamsal, Jassim A. Al-Saadi, Scott J. Janz, James H. Crawford, Merritt N. Deeter, Gabriele Pfister, Rebecca R. Buchholz, Benjamin Gaubert, and Caroline R. Nowlan Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-509,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-509,2021
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT (discussion: closed, 4 comments) 25 Jan 2021 UAS Chromatograph for Atmospheric Trace Species (UCATS) – a versatile instrument for trace gas measurements on airborneplatforms
Eric J. Hintsa, Fred L. Moore, Dale F. Hurst, Geoff S. Dutton, Bradley D. Hall, J. David Nance, Ben R. Miller, Stephen A. Montzka, Laura P. Wolton, Audra McClure-Begley, James W. Elkins, Emrys G. Hall, Allen F. Jordan, Andrew W. Rollins, Troy D. Thornberry, Laurel A. Watts, Chelsea R. Thompson, Jeff Peischl, Ilann Bourgeois, Thomas B. Ryerson, Bruce C. Daube, Jasna V. Pittman, Steven C. Wofsy, Eric Kort, Glenn S. Diskin, and T. Paul Bui Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-496,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-496,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 4 comments)Short summary
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We built UCATS to study atmospheric chemistry and transport. It has measured chlorofluorocarbons, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, methane, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen with gas chromatography, as well as ozone and water vapor. UCATS has been part of missions to study the tropical tropopause, transport of air into the stratosphere, greenhouse gases, transport, and chemistry in the troposphere, and ozone chemistry. Its design, capabilities, and some results are shownand described here.
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25 Jan 2021 Meteor radar observations of polar mesospheric summer echoes over Svalbard Joel P. Younger, Iain M. Reid, Chris L. Adami, Chris M. Hall, andMasaki Tsutsumi
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-14,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-14,2021
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT (discussion: closed, 4 comments)Short summary
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A radar in Svalbard usually used to study meteor trails was used to observe a thin icy layer in the upper atmosphere. New methods used the layer to measure wind speed over short periods of time and found that the layer is most reflective within 6.6 ± 2.2° of vertical. Analysis of meteor trail radar echo durations found that the layer may shorten meteor trail echoes, but more data is needed. This study shows new uses for data collected by meteor radars for other purposes.Hide
21 Jan 2021 On the capability of UV-VIS limb sounders to constrain modelled stratospheric ozone and its application to the ALTIUS mission Quentin Errera, Emmanuel Dekemper, Noel Baker, Jonas Debosscher, Philippe Demoulin, Nina Mateshvili, Didier Pieroux, Filip Vanhellemont, and Didier Fussen Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-512,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-512,2021
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT (discussion: closed, 6 comments)Short summary
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ALTIUS is a micro-satellite which will measure the distribution of the ozone layer. Micro-satellites are intended to be cost-effective, but does this make the ALTIUS measurements any less valuable? To answer this, we simulated ALTIUS data and measured how it could constrain a model of the ozone layer; we then compared these results with those obtained from the state-of-the-art NASA Aura MLS satellite ozone measurements. The outcome shows us that the ALTIUS budget instrument is indeed valuable.Hide
21 Jan 2021 Characterizing the performance of a POPS miniaturized optical particle counter when operated on a quadcopter drone Zixia Liu, Martin Osborne, Jim Haywood, Karen Anderson, Jamie D. Shulter, Andy Wilson, Justin Langridge, Steve H. L. Yim, Hugh Coe, Suresh Babu, Sreedharan K. Satheesh, Paquita Zuidema, Tao Huang, andJack C. H. Cheng
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-495,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-495,2021
Revised manuscript under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 4 comments) Short summaryShort summary
This paper shows the performance of an advanced aerosol observation instrument (POPS) on a quadcopter drone. The results suggest that the impact of the UAV rotors on the POPS does not unduly affect the performance of the POPS for wind speed less than 2.6 m/s, but when operating under higher wind speed of up to 7.6 m/s, larger discrepancies are noted. Plus, it appears that the POPS measures sub-micron aerosol particles more accurately than super-micron aerosol particles on the drone.Hide
20 Jan 2021 Inter-comparison of retrievals of Integrated Precipitable Water Vapour IPWV) made by INSAT-3DR satellite-borne Infrared Radiometer Sounding and CAMS reanalysis data with ground-based IndianGNSS data
Ramashray Yadav, Ram Kumar Giri, and Virendra Singh Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-4,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-4,2021
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT (discussion: closed, 13 comments)Short summary
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We did Inter-comparison of seasonal and annual study of retrievals of Integrated Precipitable Water Vapour IPWV) made by INSAT-3DR satellite-borne Infrared Radiometer Sounding and CAMS reanalysis data with ground-based Indian GNSS data. The magnitude and sign of bias of INSAT-3DR, CAMS with respect to GNSS IPWV from station to station and season to season. Statistical evaluation of the collocated data sets have been done to improve day to day weather forecasting.Hide
19 Jan 2021 Retrieval of UV-Visible aerosol absorption using AERONET and OMI-MODIS synergy: Spatial and temporal variability across major aerosol environments Vinay Kayetha, Omar Torres, and Hiren Jethva Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-8,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-8,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 3 comments)Short summary
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Existing measurements of spectral aerosol absorption are limited, particularly in the UV region. Here, we use the synergy of satellite and ground measurements to derive spectral single scattering albedo of aerosols from UV-Visible spectrum. The resulting spectral SSAs are used to investigate seasonality in absorption for carbonaceous, dust and urban aerosols. Regional aerosol absorption models are derived that could be used to make reliable assumptions in satellite remote sensing of aerosols.Hide
15 Jan 2021 Quantifying organic matter and functional groups in particulate matter filter samples from the southeastern United States – Part 2: Spatiotemporal Trends Alexandra J. Boris, Satoshi Takahama, Andrew T. Weakley, Bruno M. Debus, Stephanie L. Shaw, Eric S. Edgerton, Taekyu Joo, Nga L. Ng, andAnn M. Dillner
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-401,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-401,2021
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT (discussion: closed, 4 comments)Short summary
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Infrared spectrometry can be applied in routine monitoring of atmospheric particles to give comprehensive characterization of the organic material by bond rather than species. Using this technique, the concentrations of particle organic material were found to decrease 2011–2016 in the Southeastern U.S., driven by a decline in highly aged material, concurrent with declining anthropogenic emissions. However, an increase was observed in the fraction of more moderately aged organic matter.Hide
15 Jan 2021 New correction method of scattering coefficient measurements of a three-wavelength nephelometer Jie Qiu, Wangshu Tan, Gang Zhao, Yingli Yu, and Chunsheng Zhao Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-412,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-412,2021
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT (discussion: closed, 8 comments)Short summary
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Considering nephelometers' major problem, a new correction method based on machine learning model is put forward. Our newly proposed method has the advantage of obtaining data with high accuracy while achieving self-correction, which means that researchers can get more accurate scattering coefficient without the need for additional observation data. This method provides a more precise estimation of the aerosol's direct radiative forcing and then the effects on Earthclimate system.
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13 Jan 2021 First ground-based FTIR observations of HFC-23 at Rikubetsu, Japan, and Syowa Station, Antarctica Masanori Takeda, Hideaki Nakajima, Isao Murata, Tomoo Nagahama, Isamu Morino, Geoffrey C. Toon, Ray F. Weiss, Jens Mühle, Paul B. Krummel, Paul J. Fraser, and Hsiang-Jui Wang Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-505,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-505,2021
Revised manuscript under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 6 comments) Short summaryShort summary
This paper presents the first observations of atmospheric HFC-23 abundances with a ground-based remote sensing technique. The increasing trend of the HFC-23 abundances analyzed by this study agree with that derived from other existing in-situ measurements. This study indicates that ground-based FTIR observation has a capability for monitoring the trend of atmospheric HFC-23 and would allow for monitoring the distribution of global atmospheric HFC-23 abundances inmore detail.
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11 Jan 2021 The high frequency response correction of eddy covariance fluxes. Part 2: the empirical approach and its interdependence with the time-lag estimation Olli Peltola, Toprak Aslan, Andreas Ibrom, Eiko Nemitz, Üllar Rannik,and Ivan Mammarella
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-479,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-479,2021
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT (discussion: closed, 6 comments)Short summary
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Gas fluxes measured by the eddy covariance (EC) technique are subject to filtering due to unideal instrumentation. For linear first-order systems this filtering causes also a time-lag between vertical wind speed and gas signal which is additional to the gas travel time in the sampling line. The effect of this additional time-lag on EC fluxes is ignored in current EC data processing routines. Here we show that this oversight biases EC fluxes and hence propose an approach to rectifythis bias.
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08 Jan 2021 Comparative characterization of bio-aerosol nebulizers in connection to atmospheric simulation chambers Silvia G. Danelli, Marco Brunoldi, Dario Massabò, Franco Parodi, Virginia Vernocchi, and Paolo Prati Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-490,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-490,2021
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT (discussion: closed, 7 comments) 08 Jan 2021 Advanced method for estimating the number concentration of cloud water and liquid water content observed by cloud particlesensor sondes
Jun Inoue, Kazutoshi Sato, Yutaka Tobo, Fumikazu Taketani, and MarionMaturilli
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-476,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-476,2021
Revised manuscript under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 6 comments) Short summaryShort summary
A cloud particle sensor (CPS) sonde is an observing system to obtain the signals of the phase, size, and the number of cloud particles. Based on the field experiments in the Arctic regions and numerical experiments, we proposed a method to correct the CPS sonde data and found that the CPS sonde system can appropriately observe the liquid cloud if our correction method is applied.Hide
07 Jan 2021 A systematic assessment of water vapor products in the Arctic: from instantaneous measurements to monthly means Susanne Crewell, Kerstin Ebell, Patrick Konjari, Mario Mech, Tatiana Nomokonova, Ana Radovan, David Strack, Arantxa M. Triana-Gómez, Stefan Noël, Raul Scarlat, Gunnar Spreen, Marion Maturilli, Annette Rinke, Irina Gorodetskaya, Carolina Viceto, Thomas August, and MarcSchröder
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-491,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-491,2021
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT (discussion: closed, 4 comments) 07 Jan 2021 Estimating optical extinction of liquid water clouds in the cloud base region Karolina Sarna, David P. Donovan, and Herman W. J. Russchenberg Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-504,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-504,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 4 comments) 06 Jan 2021 Detection of Ship Plumes from Residual Fuel Operation in Emission Control Areas using Single-Particle Mass Spectrometry Johannes Passig, Julian Schade, Robert Irsig, Lei Li, Xue Li, Zhen Zhou, Thomas Adam, and Ralf Zimmermann Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-482,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-482,2021
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT (discussion: closed, 4 comments)Short summary
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Ships are major sources of air pollution, however, monitoring of ship emissions outside harbours is a challenging task. We optimized single-particle mass spectrometry (SPMS) for the detection of bunker fuel emissions and demonstrate the detection of individual ship plumes from more than 10 km distance. The approach works independent of background air pollution and also when ships use exhaust cleaning scrubbers. We finally discuss the potential and limits of SPMS-based monitoring of ship plumes.Hide
06 Jan 2021 Inter-comparison of O2/N2 Ratio Scales Among AIST, NIES, TU, and SIO Based on Round-Robin Using Gravimetric Standard Mixtures Nobuyuki Aoki, Shigeyuki Ishidoya, Yasunori Tohjima, Shinji Morimoto, Ralph F. Keeling, Adam Cox, Shuichiro Takebayashi, and Shohei Murayama Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-481,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-481,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 3 comments) 04 Jan 2021 W-band Radar Observations for Fog Forecast Improvement: an Analysis of Model and Forward Operator Errors Alistair Bell, Pauline Martinet, Olivier Caumont, Benoît Vié, Julien Delanoë, Jean-Charles Dupont, and Mary Borderies Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-468,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-468,2021
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT (discussion: closed, 6 comments) 04 Jan 2021 Global Ensemble of Temperatures over 1850–2018: Quantification of Uncertainties in Observations, Coverage, and Spatial modelling (GETQUOCS) Maryam Ilyas, Douglas Nychka, Chris Brierley, and Serge Guillas Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-454,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-454,2021
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 4 comments) 23 Dec 2020 Cloud height measurement by a network of all-sky-imagers Niklas Benedikt Blum, Bijan Nouri, Stefan Wilbert, Thomas Schmidt, Ontje Lünsdorf, Jonas Stührenberg, Detlev Heinemann, Andreas Kazantzidis, and Robert Pitz-Paal Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-430,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-430,2020
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 4 comments)Short summary
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Cloud base height (CBH) is important e.g. to forecast solar irradiance and with it photovoltaic production. All-sky-imagers (ASIs), cameras monitoring the sky above their point of installation, can provide such forecasts and also measure CBH. We present a network of ASIs to measure CBH. The network provides numerous readings of CBH simultaneously. We combine these by a statistical procedure. Validation attests significantly higher accuracy of the combination compared to two ASIs alone.Hide
23 Dec 2020 The high frequency response correction of eddy covariance fluxes. Part 1: an experimental approach for analysing noisy measurements of small fluxes Toprak Aslan, Olli Peltola, Andreas Ibrom, Eiko Nemitz, Üllar Rannik,and Ivan Mammarella
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-478,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-478,2020
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT (discussion: closed, 4 comments)Short summary
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Vertical turbulent fluxes of gases measured by the eddy covariance (EC) technique are subject to high frequency losses. There are different methods used to describe this low-pass filtering effect and to correct the measured fluxes. In this study, we analyzed the systematic uncertainty related to this correction for various attenuation and signal-to-noise ratios. A new and robust transfer function method is finally proposed.Hide
22 Dec 2020 Towards low-cost and high-performance air pollution measurements using machine learning calibration techniques Peer Nowack, Lev Konstantinovskiy, Hannah Gardiner, and John Cant Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-473,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-473,2020
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 3 comments) Shortsummary
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Machine learning (ML) calibration techniques could be an effective way to improve the performance of low-cost air pollution sensors. Here we provide novel insights from case studies within the urban area of London, UK, where we compare the relative performance of three ML techniques to calibrate low-cost sensors of two key air pollutants (NO2 and PM10). We further highlight several advantages and challenges related to each method, which will be useful to inform future measurement campaigns.Hide
22 Dec 2020 Modeling the dynamic behavior of a droplet evaporation device for the delivery of isotopically calibrated low-humidity watervapor
Erik Kerstel
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-428,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-428,2020
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT (discussion: closed, 4 comments)Short summary
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A model was developed to quantitatively describe the dynamics, in terms of vapor phase water concentration and isotope ratios, of nL-droplet evaporation at the end of a syringe needle. Such a low-humidity generator can be used to calibrate laser-based water isotope analyzers, e.g. in Antarctica. We show that modeling of experimental data constrains isotope fractionation factors and the evaporation rate to physically realistic values in good agreement with literature values where available.Hide
21 Dec 2020 Validation of the Absorbing Aerosol Height Product from GOME-2 using CALIOP Aerosol Layer Information Veerle De Bock, Alexander Mangold, L. Gijsbert Tilstra, Olaf N. E. Tuinder, and Andy Delcloo Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-425,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-425,2020
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 4 comments) Shortsummary
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The Absorbing Aerosol Height (AAH) is a new GOME-2 product representing the height of absorbing aerosol layers. In this paper the AAH is validated against the layer height detected by CALIOP. We concluded that the AAH often underestimates the height of volcanic layers, so it should be handled with care when using it for aviation safety purposes. Taking into account the uncertainties, the product can be considered as an important added value for near-real time monitoring of volcanic ash layers.Hide
18 Dec 2020 Measurement of iodine species and sulfuric acid using bromide chemical ionization mass spectrometers Mingyi Wang, Xu-Cheng He, Henning Finkenzeller, Siddharth Iyer, Dexian Chen, Jiali Shen, Mario Simon, Victoria Hofbauer, Jasper Kirkby, Joachim Curtius, Norbert Maier, Theo Kurtén, Douglas R. Worsnop, Markku Kulmala, Matti Rissanen, Rainer Volkamer, Yee Jun Tham, Neil M. Donahue, and Mikko Sipilä Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-494,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-494,2020
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT (discussion: closed, 4 comments)Short summary
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Atmospheric iodine species are often short-lived with low abundance, thus have been challenging to measure. We show that the bromide chemical ionization mass spectrometry, compatible with both the atmospheric pressure and the reduced pressure interfaces, can simultaneously detect various gas-phase iodine species. Combining calibration experiments and quantum chemical calculations, we quantify detection sensitivities to HOI, HIO3, I2, and H2SO4, giving detection limits down to < 106 molec cm−3.Hide
17 Dec 2020 On the estimation of boundary layer heights: A machinelearning approach
Raghavendra Krishnamurthy, Rob K. Newsom, Larry K. Berg, Heng Xiao, Po-Lun Ma, and David D. Turner Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-439,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-439,2020
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT (discussion: closed, 4 comments)Short summary
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Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) height is a critical parameter in atmospheric models. Continuous PBL height measurements from remote sensing measurements are important to understand various boundary layer mechanisms especially during daytime and evening transition periods. Due to several limitations in existing methodologies to detect PBL height from a Doppler lidar, in this study, a Machine Learning (ML) approach is tested. The ML model is observed to improve the accuracy by over 50 %.Hide
16 Dec 2020 IMK/IAA MIPAS temperature retrieval version 8: nominalmeasurements
Michael Kiefer, Thomas von Clarmann, Bernd Funke, Maya García-Comas, Norbert Glatthor, Udo Grabowski, Sylvia Kellmann, Anne Kleinert, Alexandra Laeng, Andrea Linden, Manuel López-Puertas, Daniel R. Marsh, and Gabriele P. Stiller Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-459,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-459,2020
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT (discussion: closed, 4 comments)Short summary
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An improved data set of vertical temperature profiles of the Earth's atmosphere in the altitude range 5–70 km is presented. These profiles are derived from measurements of the MIPAS instrument onboard ESA's Envisat satellite. The overall improvements are based on upgrades in the input data and several improvements in the data processing approach. Both are discussed and an extensive error discussion is included. Enhancements of the new data set are demonstrated by means of examples.Hide
14 Dec 2020 Long-term aerosol mass concentrations in southern Finland: instrument validation, seasonal variation and trends Helmi-Marja Keskinen, Ilona Ylivinkka, Liine Heikkinen, Pasi P. Aalto, Tuomo Nieminen, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Juho Aalto, Janne Levula, Jutta Kesti, Lauri R. Ahonen, Ekaterina Ezhova, Markku Kulmala, and TuukkaPetäjä
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-447,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-447,2020
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 2 comments)Short summary
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Long-term (2005–2017) aerosol particulate matter (PM) concentration measurements at Finland at Station for Measuring Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relations (SMEAR II, Hyytiälä) have been measured with three different measurement equipment. The comparison revealed an equivalence among the three methods. Mass concentrations were generally highest in summer. The descending trend was visible here in spring, summer and winter. This might have resulted at least partly from air quality legislation.Hide
14 Dec 2020 A multi-purpose, multi-rotor drone system for long range and high-altitude volcanic gas plume measurements Bo Galle, Santiago Arellano, Nicole Bobrowski, Vladimir Conde, Tobias P. Fischer, Gustav Gerdes, Alexandra Gutmann, Thorsten Hoffmann, Ima Itikarai, Tomas Krejci, Emma J. Liu, Kila Mulina, Scott Nowicki, Tom Richardson, Julian Rüdiger, Kieran Wood, and Jiazhi Xu Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-452,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-452,2020
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT (discussion: closed, 4 comments)Short summary
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Measurements of volcanic gases is important for geophysical research, risk assessment and environmental impact studies. Some gases, like SO2 and BrO, may be studied from ground at a safe distance using remote sensing techniques. Many other gases require in-situ access to the gas plume. Here a drone may be an attractive alternative. This paper describes a drone specially adapted for volcanic gas studies, and demonstrate its use in a field campaign at Manam volcano in Papua NewGuinea.
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14 Dec 2020 A new lidar design for operational atmospheric wind and cloud/aerosol survey from space Didier Bruneau and Jacques Pelon Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-487,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-487,2020
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT (discussion: closed, 4 comments)Short summary
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Taking advantage of Aeolus success and of our airborne lidar system expertise, we present a new spaceborne wind lidar design for operational Aeolus follow-on missions keeping most of the initial lidar system, but relying on a single Mach-Zehnder interferometer to relax operational constraints and reduce measurement bias. System parameters are optimized. Random and systematic errors are shown to be compliant with the initial mission requirements. In addition, the system allows unbiased retrieval.Hide
10 Dec 2020 A fully Automated Dobson Sun Spectrophotometer for total column ozone and Umkehr measurements René Stübi, Herbert Schill, Jörg Klausen, Eliane Maillard Barras, and Alexander Haefele Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-391,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-391,2020
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT (discussion: final response, 4 comments) Short summaryShort summary
In the first half of the 20th century, Prof. Dobson developed an instrument to measure the ozone column. Around fifty of these Dobson instruments, manufactured in the second half of the 20th century, are still used today to monitor the ozone layer state. Started in 1926, the Arosa series is based on manually operated Dobson until recently. To assure its future operation, a fully automated version of the Dobson has been developed. This well working automated system isdescribed here.
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07 Dec 2020 Airborne Lidar Observations of Wind, Water Vapor, and Aerosol Profiles During The NASA Aeolus Cal/Val Test Flight Campaign Kristopher M. Bedka, Amin R. Nehrir, Michael Kavaya, Rory Barton-Grimley, Mark Beaubien, Brian Carroll, James Collins, John Cooney, G. David Emmitt, Steven Greco, Susan Kooi, Tsengdar Lee, Zhaoyan Liu, Sharon Rodier, and Gail Skofronick-Jackson Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-475,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-475,2020
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT (discussion: closed, 4 comments)Short summary
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This paper demonstrates: 1) Doppler Aerosol WiNd (DAWN) lidar and High Altitude Lidar Observatory measurement capabilities across a range of atmospheric conditions, 2) comparisons of DAWN and HALO measurements with Aeolus satellite Doppler wind lidar to gain an initial perspective of Aeolus performance, and 3) how atmospheric dynamic processes can be resolved and better understood through simultaneous observations of wind, WV, and aerosol profileobservations.
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04 Dec 2020 Quality assessment of Dobson spectrophotometers for ozone column measurements before and after automation at Arosa and Davos René Stübi, Herbert Schill, Eliane Maillard Barras, Jörg Klausen, and Alexander Haefele Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-441,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-441,2020
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT (discussion: closed, 4 comments)Short summary
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Dobson sun spectrometer instruments are used in many stations around the world to measure the ozone column. Developed in the first half of the 20s century, these instruments are manually operated which is nowadays difficult to justify in terms of ressources. To secure the well known Arosa ozone column series in the long term, a fully automated version of the Dobson instrument has been developed at MeteoSwiss. A description of this new data acquisition system ispresented here.
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03 Dec 2020 Identification of snowfall microphysical processes from vertical gradients of polarimetric radar variables Noémie Planat, Josué Gehring, Étienne Vignon, and Alexis Berne Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-463,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-463,2020
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT (discussion: closed, 4 comments)Short summary
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We implement a new method to identify microphysical processes during cold precipitation events based on the sign of the vertical gradient of polarimetric radar variables. We analytically asses the meteorological conditions for this vertical analysis to hold, apply it on two study cases and sucessfully compare it with other methods informing about the microphysics. Finally, we are able to obtain the main vertical structure and characteristics of the different processes during these study cases.Hide
02 Dec 2020 Development and Application of a United States wide correction for PM2.5 data collected with the PurpleAir sensor Karoline K. Barkjohn, Brett Gantt, and Andrea L. Clements Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-413,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-413,2020
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT (discussion: closed, 6 comments)Short summary
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Although widely used, air sensors measurements are often biased. In this work we develop a correction with a relative humidity term that reduces the bias and improves consistency between different United States regions. This correction equation, along with proposed data cleaning criteria, has been applied to PurpleAir PM2.5 measurements across the U.S. in the AirNow Fire and Smoke Map and has the potential to be successfully used in other air quality and public healthapplications.
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20 Nov 2020 Characterization of dark current signal measurements of the ACCDs used on-board the Aeolus satellite Fabian Weiler, Thomas Kanitz, Denny Wernham, Michael Rennie, Dorit Huber, Marc Schillinger, Olivier Saint-Pe, Ray Bell, Tommaso Parrinello, and Oliver Reitebuch Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-458,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-458,2020
Revised manuscript under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 4 comments) Short summaryShort summary
This paper reports on dark current signals anomalies of the detectors used on-board ESA's Earth Explorer Satellite Aeolus during the first one and a half years in orbit. After introducing sophisticated algorithms to classify dark current anomalies according to their characteristics, the impact of the different kinds of anomalies on the wind measurements is discussed. In addition, mitigation approaches for the wind retrieval are presented and potential root causes arediscussed.
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16 Nov 2020 Bromine Speciation in Volcanic Plumes: New in-situ Derivatization LC-MS Method for the Determination of Gaseous Hydrogen Bromide by Gas Diffusion Denuder Sampling Alexandra Gutmann, Nicole Bobrowski, Marcello Liotta, and ThorstenHoffmann
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-357,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-357,2020
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 2 comments)Short summary
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Motivated by the special interest in bromine chemistry in volcanic plumes, the study presented here describes a new method for the quantitative collection of gaseous hydrogen bromide in gas diffusion denuders. The hydrogen bromide reacted during sampling with appropriate epoxides applied to the denuder walls. The denuder sampling assembly was successfully deployed in the volcanic plume of Masaya volcano, Nicaragua.Hide
16 Nov 2020 Reduced-Cost Construction of Jacobian Matrices for High-Resolution Inversions of Satellite Observations of AtmosphericComposition
Hannah Nesser, Daniel J. Jacob, Joannes D. Maasakkers, Tia R. Scarpelli, Melissa P. Sulprizio, Yuzhong Zhang, and Chris H. Rycroft Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-451,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-451,2020
Revised manuscript under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 4 comments) Short summaryShort summary
Analytic inversions of satellite observations of atmospheric composition can improve emissions estimates and quantify error but are computationally expensive at high resolution. We propose two methods to decrease this cost. In an inversion of GOSAT satellite methane observations, the methods reproduce high-resolution results at a quarter of the cost. The reduced-dimension method creates a multiscale grid. The reduced-rank method solves the inversion where informationcontent is highest.
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12 Nov 2020 Simultaneous measurement of δ13C, δ18O and δ17O of atmospheric CO2 – Performance assessment of a dual-laser absorptionspectrometer
Pharahilda M. Steur, Hubertus A. Scheeren, Dave D. Nelson, J. Barry McManus, and Harro A. J. Meijer Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-365,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-365,2020
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT (discussion: closed, 6 comments)Short summary
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For understanding the sources and sinks of atmospheric CO2, measurement of stable isotopes has proven to be highly valuable. We present a new method using laser absorption spectroscopy to simultaneously conduct measurements of three CO2 isotopes, directly on dry air samples. This new method reduces sample preparation time significantly, compared to the conventional method where measurements are conducted on pure CO2, and avoids measurement biases introduced byCO2 extraction.
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10 Nov 2020 The Adaptable 4A Inversion (5AI): Description and first XCO2 retrievals from OCO-2 observations Matthieu Dogniaux, Cyril Crevoisier, Raymond Armante, Virginie Capelle, Thibault Delahaye, Vincent Cassé, Martine De Mazière, Nicholas M. Deutscher, Dietrich G. Feist, Omaira E. Garcia, David W. T. Griffith, Frank Hase, Laura T. Iraci, Rigel Kivi, Isamu Morino, Justus Notholt, David F. Pollard, Coleen M. Roehl, Kei Shiomi, Kimberly Strong, Yao Té, Voltaire A. Velazco, and Thorsten Warneke Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-403,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-403,2020
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT (discussion: closed, 4 comments)Short summary
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In this work we present the Adaptable 4A Inversion (5AI), an implementation of the Optimal Estimation (OE) algorithm, relying on the 4A/OP radiative transfer model, that enables to retrieve greenhouse gas atmospheric weighted columns from infrared measurements. It is tested on a sample of Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) observations and its results satisfactorily compare to several reference products, thus showing the reliability of 5AI OE implementation.Hide
06 Nov 2020 Increasing the spatial resolution of cloud property retrievals from Meteosat SEVIRI by use of its high-resolution visible channel: implementation and examples Hartwig Deneke, Carola Barrientos-Velasco, Sebastian Bley, Anja Hünerbein, Stephan Lenk, Andreas Macke, Jan Fokke Meirink, Marion Schroedter-Homscheidt, Fabian Senf, Ping Wang, Frank Werner, and JonasWitthuhn
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-370,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-370,2020
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT (discussion: final response, 4 comments) Short summaryShort summary
The SEVIRI instrument flown on the European geostationary METEOSAT satellites acquires multi-spectral images at a relatively coarse pixel resolution of 3 × 3 km2. SEVIRI also has a broadband high-resolution visible channel with 1 × 1 km2 spatial resolution. In the present study, the modification of an existing cloud property and solar irradiance retrieval to use this channel to improve the spatial resolution of its output products, and resulting benefits for applications are described.Hide
05 Nov 2020 Improved method of estimating temperatures at meteor peakheights
Emranul Sarkar, Alexander Kozlovsky, Thomas Ulich, Ilkka Virtanen, Mark Lester, and Bernd Kaifler Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-333,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-333,2020
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT (discussion: closed, 6 comments)Short summary
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The biasing effect in meteor radar temperature has been a pressing issue for last two decades. This paper has addressed, for the first time, the underlying reasons for such biasing effect on both theoretical and experimental grounds. An improved statistical method has been developed which allows atmospheric temperatures at around 90 km to be measured with meteor radar in an independent way such that any subsequent bias-correction or calibration is no longerrequired.
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31 Oct 2020 Experimental calibration assessment of a MPLNET/Micro-Pulse Lidar system in comparison with EARLINET lidar measurements for aerosol optical properties retrieval Carmen Córdoba-Jabonero, Albert Ansmann, Cristofer Jiménez, Holger Baars, María-Ángeles López-Cayuela, and Ronny Engelmann Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-427,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-427,2020
Revised manuscript under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 5 comments) Short summaryShort summary
An experimental calibration assessment of the MPLNET/polarized Micro-Pulse Lidar (P-MPL) system in comparison with EARLINET lidars is performed concerning the retrieval of aerosol optical properties. The calibration evaluation is particularly focused on both the optimally-determined overlap function and volume depolarization ratio. An adequate P-MPL overlap must be regularly estimated to derive suitable aerosol products (backscatter and extinction coefficients and particle depolarization ratio).Hide
28 Oct 2020 Characterizing the Arctic absorbing aerosol with multi-instrument observations Eija Asmi, John Backman, Henri Servomaa, Aki Virkkula, Maria Gini, Kostas Eleftheriadis, Thomas Müller, Sho Ohata, Yutaka Kondo, andAntti Hyvärinen
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-400,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-400,2020
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 4 comments)Short summary
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Absorbing aerosols are warming the Arctic and accurate measurements of their concentrations are crucial. We organized a summer field campaign in Arctic Pallas station, measuring absorbing aerosols with eight methods. The concentrations during the campaign were very low. Filter-based techniques were the most sensitive to detect the minuscule amounts of absorbing aerosols, showing a 20 % agreement between the instruments. Our results help to reduce uncertainties in Arctic absorption measurements.Hide
26 Oct 2020 Characterisation of aerosol size properties from measurements of spectral optical depth: a global validation of the GRASP-AOD code using long-term AERONET data Benjamin Torres and David Fuertes Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-426,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-426,2020
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT (discussion: closed, 6 comments) 21 Oct 2020 Undersizing of Aged African Biomass Burning Aerosol by an Ultra High Sensitivity Aerosol Spectrometer Steven G. Howell, Steffen Freitag, Amie Dobracki, Nikolai Smirnow, and Arthur J. Sedlacek III Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-416,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-416,2020
Revised manuscript has not been submitted (discussion: closed, 3 comments) Short summaryShort summary
Small particles in the air play have important effects on visibility, clouds, and human health. For the ORACLES project we got a new particle sizing instrument that is fast, works over the most important particle sizes, and avoids some of the issues that plague other optical particle sizers. Unfortunately it sees particles much smaller than they really are, probably because they heat up and evaporate. We show a crude correction and speculate why these particles heat so muchmore than expected.
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17 Oct 2020 Effect of disdrometer sampling area and time on the precision of precipitation rate measurement Karlie Rees and Timothy J. Garrett Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-393,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-393,2020
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 2 comments)Short summary
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Monte Carlo simulations are used to establish baseline precipitation measurement uncertainties according to World Meteorological Organization standards. Measurement accuracy depends on instrument sampling area, time interval, and precipitation rate. Simulations are compared with field measurements taken by an emerging hotplate precipitation sensor. We find that the current collection area is sufficient for light rain, but a larger collection area is required to detect moderate to heavy rain.Hide
17 Oct 2020 Measurements of CFC-11, CFC-12, and HCFC-22 total columns in the atmosphere at the St. Petersburg site in 2009–2019 Alexander Polyakov, Anatoly Poberovsky, Maria Makarova, Yana Virolainen, and Yuri Timofeyev Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-348,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-348,2020
Revised manuscript under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 4 comments) Short summaryShort summary
The photolysis of CFCs and at a lesser extent of HCFCs in the stratosphere leads to the appearance of so-called ozone holes. We improve the retrieval strategies for deriving the CFC-11, CFC-12, and HCFC-22 from ground–based IR solar radiation spectra measured by Bruker FS125HR spectrometer; analyze the time series at the NDACC site St. Petersburg, Russia; and compare them to the independent data. The suggested retrieval strategies can be used at the IRWG sites of the NDACC observational network.Hide
17 Oct 2020 Ethane measurement by Picarro CRDS G2201-i in laboratory and field conditions: potential and limitations Sara M. Defratyka, Jean-Daniel Paris, Camille Yver-Kwok, Daniel Loeb, James France, Jon Helmore, Nigel Yarrow, Valérie Gros, and PhilippeBousquet
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-410,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-410,2020
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT (discussion: closed, 6 comments)Short summary
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We consider the possibility of using the CRDS Picarro G2201-i instrument, dedicated to isotopic CH4 and CO2, for measurements of ethane:methane ratio in near-source conditions. Work divided into steps: laboratory tests, controlled release experiment, mobile measurements. Study shows the potential to determine the ethane:methane ratio with 50 ppb ethane uncertainty. The instrument can correctly estimate this ratio in CH4 enhancements of 1 ppm or more, as can be found on strongly emitting sites.Hide
14 Oct 2020 A lightweight balloon-borne mid-infrared hygrometer to probe the middle atmosphere: Pico-Light H2O. Comparison with Aura-MLS v4 and v5 satellite measurements Mélanie Ghysels, Georges Durry, Nadir Amarouche, Jean-Christophe Samake, Fabien Frérot, and Emmanuel D. Rivière Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-269,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-269,2020
Revised manuscript under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 4 comments) Short summaryShort summary
Understanding the processes which regulate the entry of water into the lower stratosphere is essential to address the impact of water vapor on the climate, but also for the future balance of the ozone layer. Developing lightweight hygrometers is of importance to allow frequent sounding in support of such understanding. In this frame, a new lightweight hygrometer, named Pico-Light H2O, has been tested twice in-flight under rubber balloon in 2019.Hide
05 Oct 2020 Development of the drop Freezing Ice Nuclei Counter (FINC), intercomparison of droplet freezing techniques, and use of soluble lignin as an atmospheric ice nucleation standard Anna J. Miller, Killian P. Brennan, Claudia Mignani, Jörg Wieder, Assaf Zipori, Robert O. David, and Nadine Borduas-Dedekind Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-361,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-361,2020
Preprint withdrawn (discussion: closed, 2 comments) Short summaryShort summary
For characterizing atmospheric ice nuclei, we present (1) the development of our home-built droplet freezing technique (DFT), the Freezing Ice Nuclei Counter (FINC), (2) an intercomparison campaign using NX-illite and an ambient sample with three DFTs, and (3) the application of lignin as a soluble and commercial ice nuclei standard with four DFTs. We further compiled the growing number of DFTs in use for atmospheric ice nucleation since 2000, to which we add FINC.Hide
29 Sep 2020 Regularities of new particle formation and evolution of existing atmospheric aerosol particles in a large (3200 m3) isolatedvolume
Nikolay Romanov, Alexey Paley, Yuri Andreev, Sergey Dubtsov, Oleg Ozols, Yuri Pisanko, Dzhalil Sachibgareev, and Marina Vasilyeva Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-172,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-172,2020
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 5 comments) Shortsummary
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New particle formation was observed after filling Large Aerosol Chamber (LAC) with filtered air by an external filter. A natural process leading to the appearance of new particles in the LAC under conditions of complete darkness is the homogeneous nucleation of conversion gases, which are not retained by the filter. Next removing of these particles with the internal filter results in the practically zero aerosol concentration in LAC for a very long period.Hide
17 Sep 2020 Integration of GOCI and AHI Yonsei Aerosol Optical Depth Products During the 2016 KORUS-AQ and 2018 EMeRGe Campaigns Hyunkwang Lim, Sujung Go, Jhoon Kim, Myungje Choi, Seoyoung Lee, Chang-Keun Song, and Yasuko Kasai Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-336,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-336,2020
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT (discussion: closed, 4 comments)Short summary
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Aerosol property observations by satellites from Geostationary Earth Orbit(GEO) in particular have advantages of frequent sampling better than 1 hour in addition to broader spatial coverage. This study provides data fusion products of aerosol optical properties from four different algorithms for two different GEO Satellites, GOCI and AHI. The fused aerosol products adopted ensemble-mean and maximum-likelihood estimation methods.The data fusion provides improved results with better accuracy.Hide
08 Sep 2020 A comparison of three optical absorption photometers at a boreal forest site – effects of different correction algorithms Krista Luoma, Aki Virkkula, Pasi Aalto, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Tuukka Petäjä, and Markku Kulmala Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-325,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-325,2020
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 4 comments)Short summary
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The study presents a comparison of three different absorption photometers that measured ambient aerosol particles at a boreal forest site. The study aims to better understand problems related to filter-based measurements. Results show how different correction algorithms, which are used to produce the data, affect the derived optical properties of aerosol particles.Hide
01 Sep 2020 Ground-based Multichannel Microwave Radiometer Antenna Pattern Measurement using Solar Observations Lianfa Lei, Zhenhui Wang, Jiang Qin, Lei Zhu, Rui Chen, Jianping Lu,and Yingying Ma
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-283,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-283,2020
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 6 comments) Shortsummary
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This paper proposes a new method of Multichannel Microwave Radiometer 3-D antenna pattern measurement by observing the sun. The antenna pattern derived from the solar observation was compared with the result of the far-field measurement with a point source in the microwave anechoic chamber at 30 GHz, the maximum error of the beamwidth is less than 0.1°, which showed that this pattern matched well to the pattern measurement using a point source in the microwaveanechoic chamber.
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18 Aug 2020 Evaluation of micro rain radar-based precipitation classification algorithms to discriminate between stratiform and convective precipitation Andreas Foth, Janek Zimmer, Felix Lauermann, and Heike Kalesse Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-290,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-290,2020
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT (discussion: closed, 4 comments)Short summary
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In this paper, we present two micro rain radar-based approaches to discriminate between stratiform and convective precipitation. One is based on probability density functions and the other one is an artificial neural network classification. Both methods agree well giving similar results. However, the results of the artificial neural network are more reasonable since it is also able to distinguish into an inconclusive class, in turn making the stratiform and convective classes more reliable.Hide
17 Aug 2020 Uncertainty model for dual-Doppler retrievals of wind speed and wind direction Nikola Vasiljević, Michael Courtney, and Anders Tegtmeier Pedersen Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-321,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-321,2020
Revised manuscript has not been submitted (discussion: closed, 4 comments) Short summaryShort summary
In this paper, we present an analytical model for estimating the uncertainty of the horizontal wind speed based on dual-Doppler lidar measurements. The model follows the propagation of uncertainties method and takes into account the uncertainty of radial velocity estimation, azimuth and elevation pointing angles, and ranging. The model has been implemented in Python and made freely available as the Python package YADDUM (Yet Another Dual-Doppler Uncertainty Model).Hide
28 Jul 2020 Investigating the Dust Flux in the Meteoric Smoke Sampler (MESS) Instrument for Sampling Dust in the Mesosphere Henriette Trollvik, Ingrid Mann, Sveinung Olsen, and Yngve Eilertsen Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-278,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-278,2020
Preprint withdrawn (discussion: closed, 4 comments) Short summaryShort summary
We discuss the design of a rocket instrument to collect mesospheric dust consisting of ice with embedded non-volatile meteoric smoke particles. The instrument consists of a collection device and an attached conic funnel. We consider the dust trajectories in the airflow and fragmentation at the funnel. For summer atmospheric conditions at 85 km and assuming that the ice components vaporize we estimate that up to 1014 to 1015 amu of non-volatile dust material canbe collected.
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17 Jul 2020 Retrieval of microphysical cloud parameters from EM-FTIR spectra measured in Arctic summer 2017 Philipp Richter, Mathias Palm, Christine Weinzierl, Hannes Griesche, Penny M. Rowe, and Justus Notholt Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-266,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-266,2020
Preprint withdrawn (discussion: closed, 4 comments) Short summaryShort summary
Optically thin clouds containing low amounts of water are difficult to observe, but due to their frequent presence they have a non-neglectible impact on Earth's radiative budget. Here we present a retrieval for mixed-phase clouds from thermal-infared spectra, measured using a FTIR spectrometer. Even in situations where the atmospheric windows in the far-infrared are not applicable, cloud optical depths, effective droplet radii and water paths of mixed-phase clouds can be retrieved.Hide
13 Jul 2020 Methane vertical profiles over the Indian subcontinent derived from the GOSAT/TANSO-FTS thermal infrared sensor Dmitry A. Belikov, Naoko Saitoh, Prabir K. Patra, and Naveen Chandra Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-101,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-101,2020
Preprint withdrawn (discussion: closed, 5 comments) 13 Jul 2020 Development of a chemical ionization mass spectrometry system for measurement of atmospheric OH radical Wei Pu, Zhouxing Zou, Weihao Wang, David Tanner, Zhe Wang, and TaoWang
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-252,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-252,2020
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 5 comments) Shortsummary
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The hydroxyl radical (OH) is responsible for the degradation of trace gases and plays key roles in major environmental issues such as photochemical pollution. However, the measurement of atmospheric OH radical is a huge challenge due to its high reactivity. Our study provides systematic optimization of a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) for OH measurement as a reference for other CIMS users. The ambient result demonstrates the capability of the CIMS for ambient OH measurement.Hide
01 Jul 2020 TROPOMI tropospheric ozone column data: Geophysical assessment and comparison to ozonesondes, GOME-2B and OMI Daan Hubert, Klaus-Peter Heue, Jean-Christopher Lambert, Tijl Verhoelst, Marc Allaart, Steven Compernolle, Patrick D. Cullis, Angelika Dehn, Christian Félix, Bryan J. Johnson, Arno Keppens, Debra E. Kollonige, Christophe Lerot, Diego Loyola, Matakite Maata, Sukarni Mitro, Maznorizan Mohamad, Ankie Piters, Fabian Romahn, Henry B. Selkirk, Francisco R. da Silva, Ryan M. Stauffer, Anne M. Thompson, J. Pepijn Veefkind, Holger Vömel, Jacquelyn C. Witte, and Claus Zehner Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-123,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-123,2020
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 2 comments)Short summary
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We assess the first two years of TROPOMI tropical tropospheric ozone column data. Comparisons to reference measurements by ozonesonde and satellite sensors show that TROPOMI bias (−0.1 to +2.3 DU) and precision (1.5 to 2.5 DU) meet mission requirements. Potential causes of bias and its spatio-temporal structure are discussed, as well as ways to identify sampling errors. The analysis of the known geophysical patterns demonstrates the improved performance of TROPOMI with respect to predecessors.Hide
29 Jun 2020 On the relationship between wind observation accuracy and the ascending node of sun-synchronous orbit for the Aeolus-type spaceborne Doppler wind lidar Chuanliang Zhang, Xuejin Sun, Wen Lu, Yingni Shi, Naiying Dou, andShaohui Li
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-202,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-202,2020
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT (discussion: closed, 6 comments)Short summary
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First spaceborne Doppler wind lidar (DWL) Aeolus operates on sun-synchronous dawn-dusk orbit to lower impact of solar background radiation (SBR) on wind observation accuracy. Increased SBR leads to increment of averaged wind observation uncertainties from 0.3 to 1.4 m/s compared between Aeolus and two added spaceborne DWLs operating on orbits with local ascending time of 15:00 and 12:00. Furthermore, quantitative design of laser pulse energy according to accuracy requirements is also proposed.Hide
23 Jun 2020 Diurnal variability of total column NO2 measured using direct solar and lunar spectra over Table Mountain, California(34.38° N)
King-Fai Li, Ryan Khoury, Thomas J. Pongetti, Stanley P. Sander, andYuk L. Yung
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-173,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-173,2020
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 5 comments)Short summary
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Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) plays a dominant role in the stratospheric ozone-destroying catalytic cycle. We have retrieved the diurnal cycle of NO2 column over the Table Mountain in Southern California, USA during a week of October 2018. Under clean condition, we are able to predict the diurnal cycle using standard photochemistry. On a day with significant pollution, we see the effect of NO2 sources in the nearbyLos Angeles Basin.
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22 Jun 2020 Something fishy going on? Evaluating the Poisson hypothesis for rainfall estimation using intervalometers: results from an experiment in Tanzania Didier de Villiers, Marc Schleiss, Marie-Claire ten Veldhuis, Rolf Hut, and Nick van de Giesen Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-174,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-174,2020
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 5 comments)Short summary
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A new inexpensive rainfall measuring instrument (the intervalometer) is tested. It is reliant on an accurate parameterisation of the drop size distribution (DSD) to determine rainfall rates. Statistical homogeneity is a fundamental assumption of the most widely used current DSD parameterisations. This study shows that whilst this assumption is most likely not strictly true for rainfall it is useful in deriving accurate rainfall rates. The intervalometer shows good potential for deployment.Hide
22 Jun 2020 Mobile atmospheric measurements and local-scale inverse estimation of the location and rates of brief CH4 and CO2 releasesfrom point sources
Pramod Kumar, Grégoire Broquet, Camille Yver-Kwok, Olivier Laurent, Susan Gichuki, Christopher Caldow, Ford Cropley, Thomas Lauvaux, Michel Ramonet, Guillaume Berthe, Frédéric Martin, Olivier Duclaux, Catherine Juery, Caroline Bouchet, and Philippe Ciais Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-226,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-226,2020
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 4 comments)Short summary
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This study presents a simple atmospheric inversion modeling framework for the localization and quantification of unknown CH4 and CO2 emissions from point sources based on near-surface mobile concentration measurements and a Gaussian plume dispersion model. It is applied for the estimate of a series of brief controlled releases of CH4 and CO2 with a wide range of rates during the TOTAL's TADI-2018 experiment. Results indicate a 20–30 % average error on the estimate of the release rates.Hide
18 Jun 2020 Use of filter radiometer measurements to derive local photolysis rates and for future monitoring network application Hannah L. Walker, Mathew R. Heal, Christine F. Braban, Mhairi Coyle, Sarah R. Leeson, Ivan Simmons, Matthew R. Jones, Richard Kift, andMarsailidh M. Twigg
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-219,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-219,2020
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 4 comments) Shortsummary
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Quantifying local photolysis rates are critical to understanding local air quality. We present the first year of a long-term filter radiometer measurement dataset in the UK (Auchencorth Moss, SE Scotland), and demonstrate the potential application of this data to account for variations in local meteorology (e.g. clouds and aerosols) in atmospheric models, which otherwise increase computational cost. The scientific and policy value of these measurements are alsoemphasised.
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17 Jun 2020 On the consistency of methane isotopologue retrievals using TCCON and multiple spectroscopic databases Edward Malina, Ben Veihelmann, Dietrich G. Feist, and Isamu Morino Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-86,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-86,2020
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 4 comments)Short summary
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Methane retrievals from remote sensing instruments are fundamentally based on spectroscopic parameters, which indicate the position of spectral lines, and their characteristics. These parameters are stored in databases, of which there are several, which vary in their makeup. Here we assess how concentrations of methane isotopologues measured from the same TCCON instruments, vary across a range of spectral windows using different spectroscopic databases, and we comment on theimplications.
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20 May 2020 TanSat ACGS on-orbit spectral calibration by use of individual solar lines and entire atmospheric spectra Yanmeng Bi, Qian Wang, Zhongdong Yang, Chengbao Liu, Chao Lin, Longfei Tian, Naiqiang Zhang, Yanping Luo, and Yacheng Wang Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-20,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-20,2020
Publication in AMT not foreseen (discussion: closed, 6 comments) Shortsummary
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We have used two types of on-orbit methods to evaluate the TANSAT/ACGS wavelength calibration. The first method is to use the solar Fraunhofer absorption lines as the reference.The second method uses the entire atmospheric spectra as the reference.For TanSat ACGS, the wavelength variations derived from the two methods agree closely. The accuracy of wavelength offsets is better than 10 % of the FWHM that meet the requirements of spectral calibration of the ACGS onorbit.
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07 May 2020 TomoSim: a tomographic simulator for DOAS Rui Valente de Almeida, Nuno Matela, and Pedro Vieira Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-26,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-26,2020
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 4 comments) Shortsummary
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Air pollution is quite literally one of the most present concerns of modern day Western societies. It is widely recognized (namely by the European Union) that technology plays a very important role in the fighting of this problem. One of such technologies is the spectroscopic measurement of air pollutant concentration known as DOAS. In this paper, the technique is applied with an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, using tomographic techniques to map pollutant concentrationin two dimensions.
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22 Apr 2020 The influence of the signal-to-noise ratio upon radio occultation inversion qualityMichael Gorbunov
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-114,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-114,2020
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 8 comments) 07 Apr 2020 Mixing height derivation from aerosol lidar using machine learning: KABL and ADABL algorithms Thomas Rieutord, Sylvain Aubert, and Tiago Machado Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-78,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-78,2020
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT (discussion: closed, 4 comments)Short summary
Short summary
This article describes two methods to estimate the height of the very first layer of atmosphere. It is measured with aerosol lidars and the two new methods are based on machine learning. Both are open source and under free license. A sensitivity analysis and a 2-years evaluation against meteorological balloons were carried out. One method has a good agreement with balloons but is limited by training and the other has less good agreement with balloons but is moreflexible.
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27 Mar 2020 A Phase Separation Inlet for Droplets, Ice Residuals, and Interstitial Aerosols Libby Koolik, Michael Roesch, Lesly J. Franco Deloya, Chuanyang Shen, A. Gannet Hallar, Ian B. McCubbin, and Daniel J. Cziczo Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-42,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-42,2020
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 4 comments) Shortsummary
Short summary
The phaSe seParation Inlet for Droplets icE residuals and inteRstitial aerosols (SPIDER) combines an omni-directional inlet, a Large-Pumped Counterflow Virtual Impactor, a flow tube evaporation chamber, and a Pumped Counterflow Virtual Impactor to separate droplets, ice crystals, and interstitial aerosols for simultaneous sampling. This new inlet for studying mixed-phase clouds is described here, with laboratory verification tests and a deployment at a mountain-top research facility.Hide
23 Mar 2020 Estimating mean molecular weight, carbon number, and OM/OC with mid-infrared spectroscopy in organic particulate matter samples from a monitoring network Amir Yazdani, Ann M. Dillner, and Satoshi Takahama Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-79,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-79,2020
Revised manuscript accepted for AMT (discussion: closed, 4 comments)Short summary
Short summary
We propose a spectroscopic method for estimating several mixture-averaged molecular properties (carbon number and molecular weight) in particulate matter relevant for understanding its chemical origins. This estimation is enabled by calibration models built and tested using laboratory standards containing molecules with known structure, and can be applied to filter samples of PM2.5 currently collected in existing air pollution monitoring networks and fieldcampaigns.
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16 Mar 2020 Spatial distribution and seasonal variability in atmospheric ammonia measured from ground-based FTIR observations atHefei, China
Wei Wang, Cheng Liu, Lieven Clarisse, Martin Van Damme, Pierre-François Coheur, Yu Xie, Changgong Shan, Qihou Hu, Huifang Zhang, Youwen Sun, Hao Yin, and Nicholas Jones Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-39,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-39,2020
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 4 comments) Shortsummary
Short summary
Ground-based FTIR observations are used to obtain the total columns and vertical profiles of atmospheric NH3 at a measurement site in Hefei, China. The spatial distribution, temporal variation, seasonal trend, and emission sources of NH3 are analyzed. FTIR observations captured the seasonal cycle of NH3. The IASI data are in broad agreement with our FTIR data. This is the first time that ground-based FTIR remote sensing of NH3 columns and comparison with satellite data are reported in China.Hide
11 Mar 2020 Synergy of Active- and Passive Remote Sensing: An Approach to Reconstruct Three-Dimensional Cloud Macro- andMicrophysics
Lucas Höppler, Felix Gödde, Manuel Gutleben, Tobias Kölling, Bernhard Mayer, and Tobias Zinner Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-49,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-49,2020
Revised manuscript under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 4comments)
20 Feb 2020 Real time automatic cloud detection using a low-cost skycamera
Joaquín Alonso-Montesinos Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2019-484,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2019-484,2020
Preprint withdrawn (discussion: closed, 0 comments) Short summaryShort summary
The study of cloudiness is of vital importance in different fields of applications, like in solar technology to provide optimal energy production management, or in airports areas where cloud coverage is required to provide high-precision periodic observations that inform airport operators about the state of the atmosphere. This work presents an autonomous cloud detection system using a low-cost sky camera, with a success rate of approximately 94 % for all types ofsky conditions.
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28 Jan 2020 On-line determination of the chemical composition of single activated cloud condensation nuclei – a first investigation of single urban CCN and CCN obtained from sea water samples Carmen Dameto de España, Anna Wonaschuetz, Gerhard Steiner, Harald Schuh, Constantinos Sioutas, and Regina Hitzenberger Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-21,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-21,2020
Preprint withdrawn (discussion: closed, 6 comments) 02 Dec 2019 Retrieval of the total precipitable water vapor and cloud liquid water path over ocean from the Feng-Yun 3D microwave temperature and humidity sounders Jun Yang, Fuzhong Weng, Hao Hu, and Peiming Dong Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2019-447,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2019-447,2019
Preprint withdrawn (discussion: closed, 6 comments) Short summaryShort summary
A machine learning technique is used to generate the two missing low frequency channels of FY-3D microwave temperature and humidity sounders. A statistical inversion method is adopted to retrieve total precipitable water vapor and cloud liquid water path over ocean from the FY-3D microwave data. The inter-comparison between different satellites shows that the inversion products of FY-3D and Suomi NPP ATMS have good consistency in magnitude and distribution.Hide
30 Oct 2019 Comparison of RO tropopause height based on different tropopause determination methods Ziyan Liu, Weihua Bai, Yueqiang Sun, Junming Xia, Guangyuan Tan, Cheng Cheng, Qifei Du, Xianyi Wang, Danyang Zhao, Yusen Tian, Xiangguang Meng, Congliang Liu, Yuerong Cai, and Dongwei Wang Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2019-379,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2019-379,2019
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 10 comments)Short summary
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This papr mainly gives the results, comparison and bias analysis about thermal tropopause height calculated by two mainstream determination method in terms of different latitude locations and seasons. The tropopause height results in this paper are derived from the data of two RO missions, China's FengYun-3 and Europe's MetOp. For lapse rate tropopause, MetOp and FY3C show defference over subtropics. The difference between bending angle tropopause and lapse rate tropopause varies with seasons.Hide
28 Oct 2019 Characterization of OCO-2 and ACOS-GOSAT biases and errors for CO2 flux estimates Susan S. Kulawik, Sean Crowell, David Baker, Junjie Liu, Kathryn McKain, Colm Sweeney, Sebastien C. Biraud, Steve Wofsy, Christopher W. O'Dell, Paul O. Wennberg, Debra Wunch, Coleen M. Roehl, Nicholas M. Deutscher, Matthäus Kiel, David W. T. Griffith, Voltaire A. Velazco, Justus Notholt, Thorsten Warneke, Christof Petri, Martine De Mazière, Mahesh K. Sha, Ralf Sussmann, Markus Rettinger, Dave F. Pollard, Isamu Morino, Osamu Uchino, Frank Hase, Dietrich G. Feist, Sébastien Roche, Kimberly Strong, Rigel Kivi, Laura Iraci, Kei Shiomi, Manvendra K. Dubey, Eliezer Sepulveda, Omaira Elena Garcia Rodriguez, Yao Té, Pascal Jeseck, Pauli Heikkinen, Edward J. Dlugokencky, Michael R. Gunson, Annmarie Eldering, David Crisp, Brendan Fisher, and Gregory B.Osterman
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2019-257,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2019-257,2019
Publication in AMT not foreseen (discussion: closed, 2 comments) Shortsummary
Short summary
This paper provides a benchmark of OCO-2 v8 and ACOS-GOSAT v7.3 XCO2 and lowermost tropospheric (LMT) errors. The paper focuses on the systematic errors and subtracts out validation, co-location, and random errors, looks at the correlation scale-length (spatially and temporally) of systematic errors, finding that the scale lengths are similar to bias correction scale-lengths. The assimilates of the bias correction term is used to place an error on fluxes estimates.Hide
02 Oct 2019 Aerosol optical characteristics in the urban area of Rome, Italy, and their impact on the UV index Monica Campanelli, Anna Maria Siani, Alcide di Sarra, Anna Maria Iannarelli, Paolo Sanò, Henri Diémoz, Giampietro Casasanta, Marco Cacciani, Luca Tofful, and Stefano Dietrich Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2019-300,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2019-300,2019
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: final response, 6 comments)Short summary
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The aerosol optical characteristics in the urban area of Rome were retrieved over a period of 7 years from March to September 2010–2016 to determine, for the first time, their effect on the incoming ultraviolet (UV) solar radiation. The increasing of atmospheric turbidity together with the presence of large particles, generally less absorbing since related to sea salt and desert dust components, provided a very significant decreasing trend of UV solar radiation.Hide
30 Sep 2019 Sulphur mass balance and radiative forcing estimation for a moderate volcanic eruption using new sulphate aerosols retrievals based on IASI observations Henda Guermazi, Pasquale Sellitto, Juan Cuesta, Maxim Eremenko, Mathieu Lachatre, Sylvain Mailler, Elisa Carboni, Giuseppe Salerno, Tommaso Caltabiano, Laurent Menut, Mohamed Moncef Serbaji, Farhat Rekhiss, and Bernard Legras Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2019-341,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2019-341,2019
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 4 comments) 23 Sep 2019 Retrieval of aerosol optical properties over Beijing: a comparison between SKYNET and AERONET Xianyi Yang, Huizheng Che, Hitoshi Irie, Quanliang Chen, Ke Gui, Ying Cai, Yu Zheng, Linchang An, Hujia Zhao, Lei Li, Yuanxin Liang, Yaqiang Wang, Hong Wang, and Xiaoye Zhang Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2019-339,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2019-339,2019
Preprint withdrawn (discussion: closed, 4 comments) Short summaryShort summary
This study assesses the performance of SKYNET in comparison to AERONET (Aerosol Robotic Network) for retrieving aerosol optical properties (AOPs) in Beijing, China. SKYNET data retrieved by SR-CEReS analysis package are used to analyze a serious pollution event in winter over Beijing. The AOPs under three weather conditions (clean, dusty, haze) in Beijing are discussed. Measurements from the SKYNET skyradiometer can be used to analyze the AOPs over Beijing reasonably.Hide
09 Sep 2019 Technical note: Common glitch affecting the EC/OC split point determination in the Sunset Thermal-Optical Analyzerand recommendations to reduce its occurrence Stéphanie Gagné, Brett Smith, Gregory J. Smallwood, and Joel C.Corbin
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2019-298,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2019-298,2019
Revised manuscript has not been submitted (discussion: closed, 2 comments) Short summaryShort summary
We identified a common glitch in the Sunset Laboratory Thermal-Optical Analyzer which invalidates the differentiation between organic and elemental carbon i.e. what the instrument is designed to do. This glitch happened 33% of the time in our own instrument. The occurrence was reduced to around 5% when following the recommendations set out in this paper. The glitch was also observed in other Sunset instruments used worldwide for air quality monitoring and regulated emissions measurements.Hide
26 Aug 2019 Establishment and preliminary application of forward modeling method for Doppler spectral density of ice particles Han Ding and Liping Liu Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2019-319,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2019-319,2019
Preprint withdrawn (discussion: closed, 4 comments) 19 Aug 2019 Field Calibration of Low-Cost Air Pollution Sensors Andres Gonzalez, Adam Boies, Jacob Swason, and David Kittelson Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2019-299,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2019-299,2019
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 7 comments) Shortsummary
Short summary
To implement effective policies and strategies to control air pollution, it is crucial to obtain accurate air quality data. Stationary air monitoring stations (AMSs) help local authorities and environmental agencies in achieving these goals; however, these measurements have limitations. AMSs provide detailed temporal data on air quality, but only at discrete locations at relatively high cost. An alternative method, low-cost mobile air quality monitoring (LCMAQM) sensors, complement AMSs.Hide
25 Jul 2019 Challenges in retrieving stratospheric aerosol extinction and particle size from ground-based RMR-LIDAR observations Jacob Zalach, Christian von Savigny, Arvid Langenbach, Gerd Baumgarten, Franz-Josef Lübken, and Adam Bourassa Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2019-267,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2019-267,2019
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 5 comments) 12 Jun 2019 Total Ozone Dobson, Brewer, Saoz and satellites comparisons at the historical station Arosa Jean-Pierre Pommereau, Florence Goutail, René Stübi, and GeirBraathen
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2019-211,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2019-211,2019
Publication in AMT not foreseen (discussion: closed, 2 comments) 06 Jun 2019 Impacts of H2O variability on accuracy of CH4 observations from MIPAS satellite over tropics Temesgen Yirdaw Berhe, Gizaw Mengistu Tsidu, Thomas Blumenstock, Frank Hase, Thomas von Clarmann, Justus Notholt, and Emmanuel Mahieu Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2019-209,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2019-209,2019
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 6 comments) Shortsummary
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This study aims to assess the latitudinal variation of MIPAS version V5R_CH4_220 and V5R_CH4_224 uncertainty. Furthermore, we analyze the relationship between these uncertainties and the variability of water vapor. Mainly, the high uncertainty found in tropics for MIPAS CH4 220 is highly associated with variability of water vapour. However, this effect has been reduced in the new updated MIPAS CH4 224 datasets due to jointly fitted water profile with methane.Hide
05 Jun 2019 Skin temperature from the Thermal Infrared Sounder IASI Sarah Safieddine, Ana Claudia Parracho, Maya George, Filipe Aires, Victor Pellet, Lieven Clarisse, Simon Whitburn, Olivier Lezeaux, Jean-Noel Thepaut, Hans Hersbach, Gabor Radnoti, Frank Goettsche, Maria Martin, Marie Doutriaux Boucher, Dorothee Coppens, Thomas August, and Cathy Clerbaux Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2019-185,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2019-185,2019
Preprint withdrawn (discussion: closed, 4 comments) Short summaryShort summary
Skin temperature is one of the essential climate variables (ECVs), and is relevant for the current and future understanding of our climate. This work presents a method to retrieve skin temperature from the thermal infrared sounder IASI that provides a global observation of Earth’s surface and atmosphere twice a day. With this method, the first consistent long-term skin temperature record from IASI can be constructed.Hide
08 Feb 2019 Pan-Arctic measurements of wintertime water vapour column using a satellite-borne microwave radiometer Christopher Perro, Thomas J. Duck, Glen Lesins, Kimberly Strong, Penny M. Rowe, James R. Drummond, and Robert J. Sica Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2018-381,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2018-381,2019
Publication in AMT not foreseen (discussion: closed, 6 comments) Shortsummary
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A satellite retrieval for water vapour column was adapted for use over different surfaces in the wintertime Arctic. The retrieval was validated at multiple locations where there was excellent agreement. Reanalyses were found to be 10–15 % drier compared to our water vapour retrieval. Reanalyses represent the present day understanding of the atmosphere so this discrepancy between reanalyses and our retrieval could have implications for the current understanding of theclimate.
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01 Feb 2019 Retrieval of CO2, CH4, CO and N2O using ground- based FTIR data and validation against satellite observations over theShadnagar, India
Mahesh Pathakoti, Sreenivas Gaddamidi, Biswadip Gharai, Sesha Sai Mullapudi Venkata Rama, Rajan Kumar Sundaran, and Wei Wang Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2019-7,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2019-7,2019
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 4 comments) Shortsummary
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Present study retrieved improved dry column averaged concentrations of CO2, CH4, CO and N2O using Solar Spectra over the Shadnagar region of India using GFIT model. It is the only site which is equipped with FTIR 125M for measuring the solar spectra to retrieve the precise column GHG while meeting the TCCON standards. Present study also attempted preliminary validation of satellite retrieved column averaged concentrations of CO2 and CO against ground-based FTIR retrieved concentrations.Hide
28 Jan 2019 Observation of nocturnal NO3 during vehicular activities in the medium sized city of Calicut in coastal India Kuttoth Suhail, Ramachandran Arun, Shreya Joshi, John Shebin, Saseendran Aiswarya, Pakkattil Anoop, Viswanath Deepa, and Ravi Varma Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2019-6,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2019-6,2019
Preprint withdrawn (discussion: closed, 2 comments) Short summaryShort summary
Open Path Incoherent Broad Band Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy (OP–IBBCEAS) technique was found useful in sensitive ambient monitoring of nocturnal nitrate radical (NO3) in a medium sized urban location of Calicut city, India, for the first time; highest observed value was ~0.5 ppbv. The measurement location witnessed idling diesel vehicles activities during high observed NO3 levels. Concurrent PM measurements showed increased detection uncertainty during high aerosol loading events.Hide
09 Jan 2019 Using Doppler lidar systems to detect atmospheric turbulence in Iceland Shu Yang, Guðrún Nína Petersen, Sibylle von Löwis, Jana Preißler, and David Christian Finger Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2019-3,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2019-3,2019
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 4 comments) Shortsummary
Short summary
Lidar is an instrument similar to radar but can ‘see’ smaller particles in the air. The small particles in the air will move, driven by wind. Thus lidar can detect this movement, and measure the wind. We use lidars in Iceland to detect wind and developed an algorithm to identify and quantify the turbulence from lidar data, so we can see where and when the turbulence is happening and how strong the turbulence is, in near-real time. This could be valuable to air traffic controllers.Hide
14 Dec 2018 iFit: An intensity based retrieval for volcanic SO2 from scattered sunlight UV spectra Ben Esse, Mike Burton, Matthew Varnam, Ryunosuke Kazahaya, andGiuseppe Salerno
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2018-404,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2018-404,2018
Preprint withdrawn (discussion: closed, 4 comments) Short summaryShort summary
This report outlines a new method for measuring sulphur dioxide (SO2) column densities using spectroscopy of scattered sunlight, primarily for measuring the rate of emission of SO2 from volcanoes. iFit gives comparable results to the current main technique without the need for a measured reference spectrum, improving the ease and accuracy with which these measurements are undertaken. iFit would be well suited to deployment in volcano observatories to help improve volcanic SO2 fluxmeasurements.
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30 Nov 2018 Reactive mercury flux measurements using cation exchangemembranes
Matthieu B. Miller, Mae S. Gustin, and Grant C. Edwards Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2018-360,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2018-360,2018
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 7 comments) Shortsummary
Short summary
In the atmosphere there are 2 gaseous forms of mercury (Hg), elemental (Hgo) and oxidized compounds (GOM). Hgo is oxidized by gases such as ozone and chlorine compounds. GOM is readily deposited to ecosystems and converted to methylmercury (a subtle neurotoxin). Here we explain development of a method for measurement of GOM deposition and emission associated with surfaces, and demonstrate that both occur. This has significant implications, because no one has been able to do this successfully.Hide
20 Nov 2018 Cross-validation of GPS tomography models and methodological improvements using CORS network Hugues Brenot, Witold Rohm, Michal Kačmařík, Gregor Möller, André Sá, Damian Tondaś, Lukas Rapant, Riccardo Biondi, Toby Manning, andCédric Champollion
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2018-292,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2018-292,2018
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 5 comments) Shortsummary
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The increasing number of navigation satellites orbiting the Earth and the continuous world wide deployment of dense networks will enable more present and future GNSS applications in the field of atmospheric monitoring. This study suggests some elements of progress in methodology to highlight the interest of ensemble tomography solution for improving the understanding of severe weather conditions, especially the initiation of the deep convection.Hide
06 Nov 2018 Evaluation of microwave radiances of GPM/GMI for the all-sky assimilation in RTTOV framework Rohit Mangla and Indu Jayaluxmi Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2018-319,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2018-319,2018
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 4 comments) 04 Oct 2018 Automatic procedures for submitting essential climate variables (ECVs) recorded at Italian Atmospheric Observatories to WMO/GAW data centers Luca Naitza, Davide Putero, Angela Marinoni, Francescopiero Calzolari, Fabrizio Roccato, Maurizio Busetto, Damiano Sferlazzo, Eleonora Aruffo, Piero Di Carlo, Mariantonia Bencardino, Francesco D'Amore, Francesca Sprovieri, Nicola Pirrone, Federico Dallo, Jacopo Gabrieli, Massimiliano Vardè, Carlo Barbante, Paolo Bonasoni, and PaoloCristofanelli
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2018-245,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2018-245,2018
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 6 comments) Shortsummary
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We implemented a prototype of a centralized system to support atmospheric observatories in data production and submission. By using the “R” Language, for several near-surface ECVs, we developed specific routines for data filtering, flagging, formatting, and creation of data products for detecting instrumental problems or special atmospheric events. Our effort would improve atmospheric data quality, accelerate the process of data submission and make the data flagging more “objective".Hide
10 Sep 2018 Trends in the atmospheric water vapour estimated from GPS data for different elevation cutoff angles Tong Ning and Gunnar Elgered Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2018-279,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2018-279,2018
Preprint withdrawn (discussion: closed, 4 comments) 23 Jul 2018 Establishment of a regional precipitable water vapor model based on the combination of GNSS and ECMWF data Yibin Yao, Xingyu Xu, and Yufeng Hu Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2018-227,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2018-227,2018
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 4 comments) 29 Jun 2018 Experimental total uncertainty of the derived GNSS-integrated water vapour using four co-located techniques inFinland
Ermanno Fionda, Maria Cadeddu, Vinia Mattioli, and Rosa Pacione Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2018-161,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2018-161,2018
Publication in AMT not foreseen (discussion: closed, 4 comments) Shortsummary
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The purpose of the present study is to contribute to the understanding of the differences in integrated water vapour (IWV) measurements between Global Positioning System and other observing systems to characterize the uncertainties associated with GPS measurements in Finland. Results show that the GPS agrees with other instruments within 0.5 kg/m2 during winter. During summer the differences increase to 1.5 kg/m2 due to the spatial variability of water vapor in the observation region.Hide
14 Jun 2018 In-situ sounding of radiation flux profiles through the Arctic lower troposphere Ralf Becker, Marion Maturilli, Rolf Philipona, and Klaus Behrens Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2018-173,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2018-173,2018
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 7 comments) 16 May 2018 Comparison of CO2 from NOAA Carbon Tracker reanalysis model and satellites over Africa Anteneh Getachew Mengistu and Gizaw Mengistu Tsidu Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2018-84,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2018-84,2018
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 7 comments) 13 Apr 2018 IASI nitrous oxide (N2O) retrievals: validation and application to transport studies at daily time scales Yannick Kangah, Philippe Ricaud, Jean-Luc Attié, Naoko Saitoh, Jérôme Vidot, Pascal Brunel, and Samuel Quesada-Ruiz Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2018-21,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2018-21,2018
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 4 comments) 23 Mar 2018 Sensitivity of a Q-ACSM to chamber generated SOA with different oxidation states Xiaoxiao Li, Yan Ma, Hui Chen, Youling Jiang, Xin Ma, Rujin Yin, Dongsen Yang, Xiaowen Shi, Jiming Hao, Jingkun Jiang, and Jun Zheng Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2018-45,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2018-45,2018
Preprint withdrawn (discussion: closed, 17 comments) Short summaryShort summary
The ACSM calibration method using a constant RIE with reference to inorganic salt standards may be oversimplified to reflect the SOA properties in the real atmosphere. In this work, a Q-ACSM was calibrated with SOA standards generated from both anthropogenic and biogenic VOCs in ppbv level inside a smog chamber. The sensitivity of the Q-ACSM to SOA was found to be anti-correlated with the aerosol oxidation state regardless of the VOC precursors, indicating that a variable RIE shall be applied.Hide
19 Mar 2018 Construction and Characterization of an Indoor Smog Chamber for the Measurement of the Optical and Physicochemical Properties of Aging Biomass Burning Aerosols Native to sub-SaharanAfrica
Damon M. Smith, Marc N. Fiddler, Kenneth G. Sexton, and SolomonBililign
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2018-43,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2018-43,2018
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 4 comments) Shortsummary
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Biomass burning (BB) aerosols can substantially degrade air quality and climate. Smog chambers provide a controlled environment to study the formation and the evolution of these smoke particles produced from specific fuel sources of interest by isolating the influence of emissions, meteorology, and mixing effects. The NCAT Chamber is built to conduct a study of optical properties of African fuels. The paper describes the chamber construction and properties.Hide
27 Feb 2018 Retrieval of health-related UV doses from PARmeasurements
Marcelo de Paula Corrêa, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Fabrina Bolzan Martins, Kátia Mendes, Martial Haeffelin, Miguel Rivas, and ElisaRojas
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2017-466,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2017-466,2018
Revised manuscript has not been submitted (discussion: closed, 2 comments) Short summaryShort summary
This paper provides a very simple method for UV index estimation from PAR measurements. These latter are generally performed by cheaper instruments and commonly found in any ordinary meteorological station. A large dataset collected in South America and Europe was used to test this method and thes results are comparable to the instrumental errors. For this reason, the method is a useful tool for UV index evaluations in regions lacking adequate instrumentation.Hide
01 Feb 2018 Impact of aerosol size distribution on extinction and spectral dependence of radiances measured by the OMPS Limb profilerinstrument
Zhong Chen, Pawan K. Bhartia, Robert Loughman, and Peter Colarco Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2018-4,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2018-4,2018
Revised manuscript has not been submitted (discussion: closed, 6comments)
03 Jan 2018 EARLINET lidar quality assurance tools Volker Freudenthaler, Holger Linné, Anatoli Chaikovski, Dieter Rabus,and Silke Groß
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2017-395,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2017-395,2018
Revised manuscript has not been submitted (discussion: closed, 3comments)
11 Dec 2017 Optical and Geometrical Properties of Cirrus Clouds over the Tibetan Plateau Measured by Lidar and Radiosonde Sounding at theSummertime in 2014
Guangyao Dai, Songhua Wu, Xiaoquan Song, and Liping Liu Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2017-355,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2017-355,2017
Preprint retracted (discussion: closed, 2 comments) Short summaryShort summary
Optical and geometrical characteristics of cirrus clouds over the Tibetan Plateau were determined with lidar measurements which were performed during the third Tibetan Plateau experiment of atmospheric sciences campaign from July to August 2014. Simultaneous observations with radiosonde were conducted to analyze the temperature dependence of these characteristics. The relationships between the presence of cirrus clouds and the temperature anomaly and deep convective activityare also discussed.
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07 Dec 2017 X-band dual-polarized radar quantitative precipitation estimate analyses in the Midwestern United States Micheal J. Simpson and Neil I. Fox Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2017-439,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2017-439,2017
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 6 comments) Shortsummary
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The current study analyzes two year's worth of X-band weather radar data while utilizing over 50 different rain rate algorithms in Central Missouri. Results indicate that algorithms containing the differential reflectivity (ZDR) were the most robust due to its low normalized standard error values (below 100 %). Quantitative analyses provided insight into the fact that the majority of errors were due to falsely detected precipitation in comparison to missed precipitation or meanabsolute errors.
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28 Nov 2017 Effect of charges carried by atmospheric particles onradar power ratio
Li Xie, Xuebang Gao, and Jianhu Qin Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2017-384,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2017-384,2017
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 7 comments) Shortsummary
Short summary
Atmospheric particles are commonly charged, such as sand particles, rain drops, haze particle, forggy particles. When a radar or lidar system is used to detect the armospheric particle system, the charges carried by the particles need to be considered. Usually, the charges carried on the particles will overestimate or underestimate the detection results of a radar system, because the charges carried by the particles affect the scattering signals of a radar waves.Hide
13 Nov 2017 Physicochemical analysis of individual atmospheric fine particles based on effective surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy Zhenli Sun, Fengkui Duan, Kebin He, Hui Li, Shuo Yang, Liu Yang, andTao Ma
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2017-303,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2017-303,2017
Preprint withdrawn (discussion: closed, 2 comments) 10 Nov 2017 Alternative Strategy for Estimating Zenith Tropospheric Delay from Precise Point Positioning Jareer Mohammed, Terry Moore, Chris Hill, and Richard M. Bingley Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2017-321,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2017-321,2017
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 6 comments) Shortsummary
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This paper investigates the conventional strategy (using a model for the hydrostatic component and estimating the wet component) for estimating the (ZTD) from the PPP solutions with an evaluation of the obtained accuracy of the tropospheric ZTD from four tropospheric models. It also presents an alternative strategy (estimating both components using different mapping functions and different process noises) for estimating the ZTD ZTD from the PPP that can give millimeters of ZTD accuracy.Hide
23 Oct 2017 A method for the spectral analysis and identification of Fog, Haze and Dust storm using MODIS data Qinghua Su, Lin Sun, Mei Di, Xinyan Liu, and Yikun Yang Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2017-306,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2017-306,2017
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 6 comments) Shortsummary
Short summary
The three typical extreme weather of fog, haze and dust storm have occurred frequently in recent years in China. The spectra characteristics of fog, haze, dust storm, as well as clouds and the background surface, are analyzed. A monitoring model is constructed to achieve the separation of fog, haze, dust storm, clouds and the underlying surface using MODIS data. The monitoring results are tested, and indicate that the extraction of fog, haze and dust storm can reach a high accuracy.Hide
01 Sep 2017 Retrieval of tropospheric NO2 columns over Berlin from high-resolution airborne observations with the spectrolite breadboardinstrument
Tim Vlemmix, Xinrui (Jerry) Ge, Bryan T. G. de Goeij, Len F. van der Wal, Gerard C. J. Otter, Piet Stammes, Ping Wang, Alexis Merlaud, Dirk Schüttemeyer, Andreas C. Meier, J. Pepijn Veefkind, and Pieternel F.Levelt
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2017-257,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2017-257,2017
Revised manuscript has not been submitted (discussion: closed, 3 comments) Short summaryShort summary
We present a first analysis of UV/VIS spectral measurements obtained with the Spectrolite Breadboard Instrument (developed by TNO, The Netherlands) during the AROMAPEX campaign held in Berlin in April 2016 (campaign supported by ESA and EUFAR). This new sensor was used to measure air pollution in the form of tropospheric NO2 columns. The study focuses specifically on the retrieval of surface reflectances, an important intermediate step towards the final product.Hide
30 Aug 2017 Standard source of atmospheric black carbon aerosol generated from ultrasonic spray of BC suspension Ruchen Zhu, Huixiang Wang, Xiaoyan Wang, and Hao Liu Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2017-267,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2017-267,2017
Revised manuscript has not been submitted (discussion: closed, 3 comments) Short summaryShort summary
In this work, we evaluated a source of black carbon aerosol generated by ultrasonic spray which shows good performance in our experiments. It has good feasibility in the BC concentrations range of 0–200 μg m−3. This generator can be used as a standard source for black carbon monitoring in atmosphere.Hide
18 Jul 2017 Empirical model of the ionosphere based on COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3 for neutral atmosphere radio occultation processing Miquel Garcia-Fernandez, Manuel Hernandez-Pajares, Antonio Rius, Riccardo Notarpietro, Axel von Engeln, and Yannick Béniguel Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2017-217,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2017-217,2017
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 4 comments) Shortsummary
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This paper presents a data-driven model of the ionospheric electron density that has been developed for the EUMETSAT Polar System - Second Generation mission, with the main goal to improve the inversion of radio occultations for neutral atmospheric sounding. This model has been developed using occultation data from the COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3 satellite, which has been inverted using a LMS-based mechanization of the Abel inversion that implements the separability hypothesis.Hide
07 Jun 2017 An improved water correction function for Picarro greenhouse gas analyzers Friedemann Reum, Christoph Gerbig, Jost V. Lavric, Chris W. Rella, andMathias Göckede
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2017-174,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2017-174,2017
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 4 comments) Shortsummary
Short summary
High-accuracy observations of atmospheric CO2 and CH4 levels, which are vital for quantifying sources and sinks of these gases, are often obtained using Picarro greenhouse gas analyzers. These require a correction for the effects of water vapor. We report biases in CO2 and CH4 levels obtained using the traditional water correction for Picarro analyzers related to pressure changes in the optical cavity and mainly affecting measurements at low water vapor mole fractions, and how tocorrect them.
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03 May 2017 On the link between precipitation and the ice water path over tropical and mid-latitude regimes as derived from satelliteobservations
Yaniv Tubul, Ilan Koren, Orit Altaratz, and Reuven H. Heiblum Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2017-121,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2017-121,2017
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 4 comments) 19 Apr 2017 Lightning Data Analysis of the CMA Network in China Feng Li, Lei Wu, and Yan Li Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-380,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-380,2017
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 6 comments) Shortsummary
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China Meteorological Bureau has established a number of technical equipment, better performance of lightning detection network, and has been operating for nearly 10 years, a large amount of lightning data are collected. Through the analysis of Chinese lightning data, allowing foreign counterparts to understand the status quo of China lightning network, and provide the opportunity to exchange.Hide
18 Apr 2017 Atmosphere Density Measurements Using GPS Data from RigidFalling Spheres
Yunxia Yuan, Nickolay Ivchenko, Gunnar Tibert, Marin Stanev, Jonas Hedin, and Jörg Gumbel Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2017-91,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2017-91,2017
Revised manuscript has not been submitted (discussion: closed, 4 comments) Short summaryShort summary
The paper presents a method to determine altitude profile of atmospheric density, temperature and wind by means of analysing the reconstructed trajectory of a rigid falling sphere released from a sounding rocket. The trajectory reconstruction is achieved by post-flight analysis of GPS raw data gathered in the sphere. A comparison of the results with independent measurements is presented, with good agreement of the falling sphere results with other sources in the stratosphere.Hide
04 Apr 2017 A Raman lidar at Maïdo Observatory (Reunion Island) to measure water vapor in the troposphere and lower stratosphere: calibration and validation Hélène Vérèmes, Guillaume Payen, Philippe Keckhut, Valentin Duflot, Jean-Luc Baray, Jean-Pierre Cammas, Jimmy Leclair De Bellevue, Stéphanie Evan, Françoise Posny, Franck Gabarrot, Jean-Marc Metzger, Nicolas Marquestaut, Susanne Meier, Holger Vömel, and Ruud Dirksen Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2017-32,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2017-32,2017
Preprint withdrawn (discussion: closed, 5 comments) 31 Mar 2017 Characterization of a wind turbine wake evolving over an intertidal zone performed with dual-lidar observations Changzhong Feng, Bingyi Liu, Songhua Wu, Jintao Liu, Rongzhong Li, andXitao Wang
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2017-23,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2017-23,2017
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 4 comments) Shortsummary
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To characterize wind turbine wake over the intertidal zone, we performed a dual-lidar experiment with tilted scanning stragety. Advantage of this technology lies in its adaptation in various wind directions as well as high accuracy and high spatial and temporal resolution. Wind turbine wakes merging, the phenomenon of wake length increasing with rising tide and wake meandering were observed and analyzed in details. It is a promising remote sensing tool to charecterize wind turbine wakes.Hide
22 Feb 2017 Estimation of Dust Downfall Time in Dusty Days using the Correlation between PM10 and Sunphotometer Data Samira Zolfaghari Nikanjam, Hamid Reza Khalesifard, and YousefaliAbedini
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-405,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-405,2017
Revised manuscript has not been submitted (discussion: closed, 3comments)
12 Jan 2017 An empirical QPE method based on polarimetric variableadjustments
Jungsoo Yoon, Jong-Sook Park, Hae-Lim Kim, Mi-Kyung Suk, andKyung-Yeub Nam
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-409,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-409,2017
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 4 comments) Shortsummary
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This study presents an empirical method for optimizing polarimetric variables in order to improve the accuracy of dual-polarization radar rainfall estimation using data derived from radars operated by different agencies. The method is based on the determination of relations between polarimetric variables. The results show an improvement in radar rainfall estimation accuracy for stratiform, frontal, and convective precipitation from approximately 50 % to70 %.
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12 Dec 2016 Exploring the potential of utilizing high resolution X-band radar for urban rainfall estimation Wen-Yu Yang, Guang-Heng Ni, You-Cun Qi, Yang Hong, and Ting Sun Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-388,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-388,2016
Revised manuscript has not been submitted (discussion: closed, 8 comments) Short summaryShort summary
Using a dataset consisting of one-year measurements by an X-band radar and distrometer, we found that error corrections greatly improve X-band-radar-based rainfall estimation. Specifically, the greatest improvement is realized by the beam integration. Derivation of localized _Z_-R relationships for specific rainfall systems is also of great importance. Moreover, wind drift correction improves quantitative estimates and temporal consistency.Hide
06 Dec 2016 Noise characteristics in Zenith Total Delay from homogeneously reprocessed GPS time series Anna Klos, Addisu Hunegnaw, Felix Norman Teferle, Kibrom Ebuy Abraha, Furqan Ahmed, and Janusz Bogusz Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-385,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-385,2016
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 8 comments) Shortsummary
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GPS can remotely sense integrated atmospheric water vapour and in-doing so improve e.g. the accuracy of assimilated numerical weather models. Specially, GPS is well suited in the study of the atmospheric conditions since it is increasingly deployed ever widely around the globe. In this research, we used trend estimates of Zenith Total Delay series and provide a most recent picture of trend and their uncertainties which are used widely to interpret a change in climate.Hide
30 Nov 2016 Low-Level, Liquid-Only and Mixed-Phase Cloud Identification by Polarimetric Lidar Robert A. Stillwell, Ryan R. Neely III, Jeffrey P. Thayer, Matthew D. Shupe, and Michael O'Neill Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-303,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-303,2016
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 3 comments) Shortsummary
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This work explores the observation of Arctic mixed phase clouds by lidar and the consequences of mishandling lidar signals linking the signals to their geophysical interpretation. It concludes 3 points: 1) cloud phase identification is not only linked to cloud phase but other cloud properties, 2) having more than two polarization signals can be used to quality control data not possible with only two signals, and 3) phase retrievals with more than two polarizations enhance retrievalflexibility.
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28 Nov 2016 GPS-PWV jumps before intense rain events Luiz F. Sapucci, Luiz A. T. Machado, Eniuce Menezes de Souza, andThamiris B. Campos
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-378,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-378,2016
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 6 comments) Shortsummary
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This study employs precipitable water vapor from a Global Positioning System (GPS-PWV) signal, in high time resolution, to be used as precursor information of intense rainfall events. A typical jump in the GPS-PWV values before the occurrence of more intense rainfalls has been found, it is probably related to humid convergence occurring before intense rainfall events. The results from this manuscript create the physical basis for further development of a nowcasting toolin future studies.
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22 Nov 2016 Effect of thermodenuding on the structure of nascent flame soot aggregates Janarjan Bhandari, Swarup China, Timothy Onasch, Lindsay Wolff, Andrew Lambe, Paul Davidovits, Eben Cross, Adam Ahern, Jason Olfert, Manvendra Dubey, and Claudio Mazzoleni Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-270,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-270,2016
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 4 comments) Shortsummary
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Soot particles emitted during the incomplete burning activities, absorb solar radiation and contribute to global warming. Light absorption by soot is also affected by its structure. To investigate whether the soot particle changes its structure or not, we used thermodenuding technique in which soot particles were passed through a heated tube (275 0C). Our study found only minor restructuring of soot suggesting no significant biases in absorption by the modification of soot structure alone.Hide
26 Oct 2016 Nature and Extent of Shallow Marine Convection in Subtropical Regions: Detection with airborne and spaceborne Lidar-Systems over the tropical North Atlantic Ocean Manuel Gutleben, Silke Gross, Martin Wirth, and Andreas Schäfler Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-333,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-333,2016
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 3 comments) Shortsummary
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Shallow marine cumulus convection over the Atlantic ocean is studied with observations by airborne and spaceborne lidar instruments. Cloud top height as well as cloud length and cloud gap length distributions are calculated by use of a newly developed algorithm. The distribution of cloud top heights during wintertime measurements shows a two-layer structure. However, significant differences in cloud top height distributions compared to summertime measurements are found.Hide
22 Sep 2016 Research on Retrieval of Atmospheric Temperature and Humidity Profiles from combined Ground-based Microwave Radiometer and Cloud Radar Observations Yunfei Che, Shuqing Ma, Fenghua Xing, Siteng Li, and Yaru Dai Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-286,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-286,2016
Preprint retracted (discussion: closed, 4 comments) Short summaryShort summary
The way of measuring atmospheric profiles by the microwave radiometer is relatively mature. However, it is existing great uncertainty in cloudy condition, especially humidity profiles. This research achieved a significant improvement on the retrieval atmospheric humidity profiles in the cloud weather through combined microwave radiometer and millimeter-wavelength cloud radar.Hide
02 Sep 2016 Retrieval of effective aerosol diameter from satelliteobservations
Humaid Al Badi, John Boland, and David Bruce Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-224,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-224,2016
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 6 comments) Shortsummary
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This method is to retrieve dust aerosol diameter using infrared satellite image. Dust particle diameter is an important parameter in the dust cycle which is part of the earth system. It can help to understand our eco-system, mitigate dust storms hazards and contribute to building reliable renewable energy system in the regions affectedby dust storms.
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09 Aug 2016 Determination of NOx emissions from Frankfurt Airport by optical spectroscopy (DOAS) – A feasibility study Erna Frins, Reza Shaiganfar, Ulrich Platt, and Thomas Wagner Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-255,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-255,2016
Revised manuscript has not been submitted (discussion: closed, 3 comments) Short summaryShort summary
Standard methods like in-situ measurements can hardly register NOx (= NO + NO2) emissions from aircrafts during take-off, when engines run at high load and thus an important amount of fuel is consumed and most of the harmful emissions are produced . The goal of this work is to show that it is possible to measure aircraft emissions generated during take-off (and initial part of the climb) by a remote spectroscopic method like automobile – based – Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS).Hide
03 Aug 2016 The ALTIUS mission Didier Fussen, Emmanuel Dekemper, Quentin Errera, Ghislain Franssens, Nina Mateshvili, Didier Pieroux, and Filip Vanhellemont Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-213,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-213,2016
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 3 comments) Shortsummary
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Recently, the ALTIUS mission has been declared as an element compliant to the ESA Earth Watch programme. The paper identifies the general scientific context of the project and derives the mission, instrument and scientific products requirements. The general design of the payload and platform systems is discussed. The preliminary data processing chain is presented, from telemetry data to retrieved geophysical profiles, with a complementary dataassimilation level.
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28 Jul 2016 Atmo-metabolomics: a new measurement approach for investigating aerosol composition and ecosystem functioning Albert Rivas-Ubach, Yina Liu, Jordi Sardans, Malak M. Tfaily, Young-Mo Kim, Eric Bourrianne, Ljiljana Paša-Tolić, Josep Peñuelas, and AlexGuenther
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-209,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-209,2016
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 4 comments) 27 Jul 2016 Validation of COSMIC water vapor data in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere using MLS, MERRA and ERA-Interim Ming Shangguan, Katja Matthes, Wuke Wang, and Tae-Kwon Wee Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-248,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-248,2016
Revised manuscript has not been submitted (discussion: closed, 2 comments) Short summaryShort summary
A first validation of the COSMIC Radio Occultation (RO) water vapor data in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) are presented in this paper. The COSMIC water vapor shows a good agreement with the Microwave limb Sounder (MLS) in both the spatial distribution and the seasonal to interannual variations. It is very valuable for studying the water vapor in the UTLS, thanks to its global coverage, all- weather aptitude and high vertical resolution.Hide
19 Jul 2016 Comparison of the Arctic upper-air temperatures from radiosonde and radio occultation observations Liang Chang, Lixin Guo, Guiping Feng, Xuerui Wu, and Guoping Gao Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-232,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-232,2016
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 8 comments) 15 Jul 2016 Evaluation of IWV from the numerical weather prediction WRF model with PPP GNSS processing for Bulgaria Tzvetan Simeonov, Dmitry Sidorov, Felix Norman Teferle, Georgi Milev, and Guergana Guerova Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-152,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-152,2016
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 4 comments) 13 Jul 2016 Identification of the cloud base height over the central Himalayan region: Intercomparison of Ceilometer and Doppler Lidar K. K. Shukla, K. Niranjan Kumar, D. V. Phanikumar, R. K. Newsom, V. R. Kotamarthi, T. B. M. J. Ouarda, and M. V. Ratnam Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-162,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-162,2016
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 9 comments) Shortsummary
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Estimation of Cloud base height was carried out by using various ground based instruments (Doppler Lidar and Ceilometer) and satellite datasets (MODIS) over central Himalayan region for the first time. The present study demonstrates the potential of Doppler Lidar in precise estimation of cloud base height and updraft velocities. More such deployments will be invaluable inputs for regional weather prediction models over complex Himalayan terrains.Hide
24 Jun 2016 Development of the Community Active Sensor Module (CASM):Forward Simulation
B. T. Johnson and S. A. Boukabara Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-154,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-154,2016
Revised manuscript has not been submitted (discussion: closed, 2 comments) Short summaryShort summary
Modern weather forecasting requires up-to-date knowledge of the state of the atmosphere in order to adjust the forecasts towards the true state at each time step. Radar provides an accurate and fast method for mapping the 3-D structure and evolution of a storm. This paper describes a model for simulating satellite radar observations of precipitating clouds, and can be used in a weather prediction framework, enhancing the all-weather forecast by providing timely and accurate observations.Hide
13 Jun 2016 Atmospheric CO2 retrieval from ground based FTIR spectrometer over Shadnagar, India Pathakoti Mahesh, Gaddamidi Sreenivas, Pamaraju Venkata Narasimha Rao, and Vinay Kumar Dadhwal Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-177,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-177,2016
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 3 comments) Shortsummary
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The present study reports Column averaged concentration of CO2 over Shadnagar using Sun's spectra measured by ground based FTIR spectrometer. It is first of its kind in India for measuring columnar and vertical mixing ratios of atmospheric trace gases and other greenhouse gases (GHGs). In the present study, we attempted to retrieve columnar concentration and vertical profile of CO2 by utilising line-by-line radiative transfer algorithm (LBLRTA) and FASCODE3 inversion model.Hide
07 Jun 2016 Simulations of spaceborne multiwavelength lidar measurements and retrievals of aerosol microphysics David N. Whiteman, Daniel Perez-Ramirez, Igor Veselovskii, Peter Colarco, and Virginie Buchard Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-174,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-174,2016
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 3 comments) 30 May 2016 An Aerosol Optical Depth time series 1982–2014 for atmospheric correction based on OMI and TOMS Aerosol Index Emmihenna Jääskeläinen, Terhikki Manninen, Johanna Tamminen, andMarko Laine
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-180,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-180,2016
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 6 comments) 23 May 2016 Measurement of limb radiance and Trace Gases in UV over Tropical region by Balloon-Borne Instruments – Flight Validation andInitial Results
A. G. Sreejith, Joice Mathew, Mayuresh Sarpotdar, K. Nirmal, Ambily Suresh, Ajin Prakash, Margarita Safonova, and Jayant Murthy Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-98,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-98,2016
Preprint withdrawn (discussion: closed, 3 comments) 20 May 2016 Decadal variations in atmospheric water vapor time series estimated using ground-based GNSS Fadwa Alshawaf, Galina Dick, Stefan Heise, Tzvetan Simeonov, Sibylle Vey, Torsten Schmidt, and Jens Wickert Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-151,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-151,2016
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 6 comments) Shortsummary
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In this work, we use time series from GNSS, European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis (ERA-Interim) data, and meteorological measurements to evaluate climate evolution in Central Europe. We monitor different atmospheric variables such as temperature, PWV, precipitation, and snow cover. The results show an increasing trend the water vapor time series that are correlated with the trend the temperature tme series. The average increase of water vapor is about 0.3–0.6 mm/decade .Hide
04 May 2016 Inferring the size distribution of volcanic ash from IASI measurements and optimal estimation Luke M. Western, Peter N. Francis, I. Matthew Watson, and Shona Mackie Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-92,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-92,2016
Revised manuscript has not been submitted (discussion: closed, 2 comments) Short summaryShort summary
This work aims to infer the size distribution of airborne volcanic ash using satellite measurements. The size distribution of volcanic ash is typically described using two parameters, of which one is normally assumed and one can be measured using satellites. This work shows that it is possible, using a satellite with high spectral resolution, to retrieve both parameters. This work has been done to reduce uncertainty in mass calculations for airspace management duringvolcanic unrest.
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02 May 2016 Automatic monitoring of weather and climate in mountain areas. The case of Peñalara Meteorological Network (RMPNP) Luis Durán and Irene Rodríguez-Muñoz Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2015-248,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2015-248,2016
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 4 comments) Shortsummary
Short summary
The work presented here is the result of more than a decade of meteorological automatic observations in a mountain area. First deployments were done in 1999 and since there has been a continuous evolution of methods and instruments. The know-how acquired through all these years is condensed here for the mountain meteorology meteorological observation community. It also documents with metadata the history of the network and the strengths and weaknesses of the resultant data base.Hide
20 Apr 2016 Calculating direct normal irradiance from sun photometermeasurements
Juan Carlos Antuña-Marrero, Victoria Eugenia Cachorro, Frank García, René Estevan, Boris Barja, and Ángel M. de Frutos Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-74,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-74,2016
Preprint withdrawn (discussion: closed, 3 comments) 12 Apr 2016 Observations of water vapor within a mid-tropospheric smoke plume using ground-based microwave radiometryDarren R. Clabo
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-58,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-58,2016
Revised manuscript has not been submitted (discussion: closed, 4 comments) Short summaryShort summary
This research was completed to better understand the total moisture content within smoke plumes resulting from biomass fires. The study utilized a passive microwave radiometer to examine the smoke plumes as they passed over western South Dakota at altitudes from 3- to 6-km above ground level. Results show that the mixing ratio values within the smoke plumes were from 20–250 % higher than within the ambient, non-smoke environmental air.Hide
08 Apr 2016 Suitability of high-volume aerosol samplers for ultra-trace aerosol iron measurements in pristine air masses: blanks,recoveries and bugs
Holly Winton, Andrew Bowie, Melita Keywood, Pier van der Merwe, andRoss Edwards
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-12,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-12,2016
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 4 comments) Shortsummary
Short summary
Aerosols containing iron have been investigated over the remote Southern Ocean to constrain iron budgets in surface waters and related biological production. Protocols for the sampling of ambient air were used to assess the suitability of high-volume aerosol samplers for aerosol iron studies in pristine air masses. Significant evidence of airborne insect and local soil contamination was detected in exposure blank filters. Suggestions for future aerosol iron sampling in cleanair are provided.
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08 Mar 2016 Three-dimensional distribution of fine particulate matter concentrations and synchronous meteorological data measured by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in Yangtze River Delta, China Si-Jia Lu, Dongsheng Wang, Xiao-Bing Li, Zhanyong Wang, Ya Gao, andZhong-Ren Peng
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-57,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-57,2016
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 4 comments) Shortsummary
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The study results indicated that the PM2.5 concentrations decreased with altitude at 300–1000 m and the variations of PM2.5 with altitude in morning flights were much bigger than in afternoon flights. PM2.5 concentrations were positively correlated with dew point temperature and pressure, but positively correlated with relative humidity only on pollution days in autumn or winter. The vertical gradient of PM2.5 concentrations was small in pollution days compared with on clean days.Hide
29 Feb 2016 Retrieval of Intensive Aerosol Microphysical Parameters from Multiwavelength Raman/HSRL Lidar: Feasibility Study with Artificial Neural Networks M. Mustafa Mamun and Detlef Müller Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-7,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-7,2016
Revised manuscript has not been submitted (discussion: closed, 3 comments) Short summaryShort summary
For the first time we present an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model which can estimate the intensive microphysical parameters of atmospheric pollution from Multiwavelength Raman/HSRL Lidar data. This feasibility study explores the potential of using ANN for future data analysis as an additional tool regarding established methods. We show that particle effective radius, real and imaginary part of complex refractive index can be retrieved from 3β+2α, 3β+1α, 2β+1α, and 3β optical lidar channels.Hide
10 Feb 2016 Using Low Cost Sensors to Measure Ambient Particulate Matter Concentrations and On-Road Emissions Factors Karoline K. Johnson, Michael H. Bergin, Armistead G. Russell, andGayle S. W. Hagler
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2015-331,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2015-331,2016
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 10 comments)Short summary
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Low-cost air quality sensors were evaluated in Atlanta, GA, in Hyderabad, India and also in lab experiments. Freeway emissions were also quantified in Atlanta. The performance of these sensors were evaluated against current measurement instruments. Results show potential usefulness for these sensors in polluted areas. The ability to inexpensively measure air pollution will enable researches, citizens, and policy makers to make informed decisions to reduce health impacts from air pollution.Hide
02 Feb 2016 Experimental assessment of the lidar polarizingsensitivity
L. Belegante, J. A. Bravo-Aranda, V. Freudenthaler, D. Nicolae, A. Nemuc, L. Alados-Arboledas, A. Amodeo, G. Pappalardo, G. D’Amico, R. Engelmann, H. Baars, U. Wandinger, A. Papayannis, P. Kokkalis, and S.N. Pereira
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2015-337,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2015-337,2016
Revised manuscript has not been submitted (discussion: closed, 4 comments) Short summaryShort summary
This study aims to present techniques developed to calibrate the lidar depolarization channels. The experimental approach of the paper is designed to present how calibration procedures are implemented. Most of the literature is focused on the theoretical perspective of the topic and practical issues usually remain an open topic. A hands on approach for the assessment of the lidar polarization sensitivity is welcomed since most of these techniques require comprehensive practical description.Hide
18 Jan 2016 Furthering information from OH and HO2 +RO2 observations using a high resolution time of flight mass spectrometer R. L. Mauldin III, M. P. Rissanen, T. Petäjä, and M. Kulmala Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2015-398,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2015-398,2016
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 3 comments) Shortsummary
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The manuscript describes a novel instrument for the measurement of OH, HO2+RO2, and other atmospheric species. The instrument described combines the chemical ionization techniques of nitrate CIMS, OH conversion to H2SO4, HO2+RO2 conversion to H2SO4, and high resolution time of flight mass spectroscopy into one system. By using one instrument to obtain spectra it is possible to compare spectra from the different modes and gain further chemical information towards peakidentification.
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18 Jan 2016 iFit: An intensity-based retrieval for SO2 and BrO from scattered sunlight ultraviolet volcanic plume absorption spectra M. R. Burton and G. M. Sawyer Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2015-380,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2015-380,2016
Preprint withdrawn (discussion: closed, 4 comments) Short summaryShort summary
In this work we present a new approach to the retrieval of the amounts of volcanic gas species from ultraviolet spectra. This work was motivated by the desire to extend previous work on the analysis of such spectra to avoid the use of a clear sky background spectrum, which can be cumbersome or unpractical in many scenarios. We succeeded in producing a new approach through identification of the key role of the pixel-by-pixel detector response in commonly used UVspectrometers.
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12 Nov 2015 Simulating the effects of mid- to upper-tropospheric clouds on microwave emissions in EC-Earth using COSP M. S. Johnston, G. Holl, J. Hocking, S. J. Cooper, and D. Chen Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 8, 11753–11777, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-11753-2015,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-11753-2015,2015
Preprint withdrawn (discussion: closed, 10 comments) 03 Nov 2015 Application of bias correction methods to improve the accuracy of quantitative radar rainfall in Korea J.-K. Lee, J.-H. Kim, and M.-K. Suk Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 8, 11429–11465, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-11429-2015,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-11429-2015,2015
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 6 comments) Shortsummary
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We focus on the improvement of radar rainfall estimates using the various bias correction methods. This is significant because we introduced the various bias correction methods for the weather radar and we combined the QPE model and bias correction methods. The paper should be of interest to readers in the areas of weather radars. Many authors who deal with weather radars and research radar data submit their studies to this journal.Hide
16 Sep 2015 Thermal-optical analysis for the measurement of elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) in ambient air a literature review A. Karanasiou, M. C. Minguillón, M. Viana, A. Alastuey, J.-P. Putaud, W. Maenhaut, P. Panteliadis, G. Močnik, O. Favez, and T. A. J.Kuhlbusch
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 8, 9649–9712, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-9649-2015,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-9649-2015,2015
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 4 comments) 07 Sep 2015 An airborne infrared laser spectrometer for in-situ trace gas measurements: application to tropical convection case studies V. Catoire, G. Krysztofiak, C. Robert, M. Chartier, P. Jacquet, C. Guimbaud, P. D. Hamer, and V. Marécal Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 8, 9165–9207, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-9165-2015,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-9165-2015,2015
Preprint withdrawn (discussion: closed, 2 comments) Short summaryShort summary
A three-channel infrared laser absorption spectrometer has been developed for airborne measurements of trace gases up to the upper troposphere. More than three different species can be measured simultaneously with high time resolution using three individual Continuous Wave Quantum Cascade Lasers coupled to a single Robert multipass optical cell. The first deployment of this spectrometer was realized in convective outflows over South China Sea where enhancements of CO were detected.Hide
28 Aug 2015 Estimating of total atmospheric water vapor content from MSG1-SEVIRI observations A. Labbi and A. Mokhnache Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 8, 8903–8923, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-8903-2015,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-8903-2015,2015
Preprint withdrawn (discussion: closed, 4 comments) Short summaryShort summary
In this work, we proposed a methodology to estimate total atmospheric water vapor content (TAWV) from observations of the first Meteosat Second Generation satellite (MSG1). The method used is called the split-window technique which requires only the data from the channels IR10.8 and IR12.This method is taken into account only observations in the split-window of the same geographic location over land at two slightly different times during a period when the ground temperature is changing rapidly.Hide
10 Aug 2015 Space-borne observation of methane from atmospheric infrared sounder version 6: validation and implications for dataanalysis
X. Xiong, F. Weng, Q. Liu, and E. Olsen Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 8, 8563–8597, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-8563-2015,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-8563-2015,2015
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 4 comments) 22 Jul 2015 The Outdoor Dust Information Node (ODIN) – development and performance assessment of a low cost ambient dust sensor G. Olivares and S. Edwards Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 8, 7511–7533, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-7511-2015,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-7511-2015,2015
Revised manuscript has not been submitted (discussion: closed, 3 comments) Short summaryShort summary
Here we present the first version of the Outdoor Dust Information Node (ODIN) as well as the results of the first real-world measurements. This low-cost instrument is able to capture some of the variability observed in PM2.5 and it can be used to complement traditional measurements. However, there are still questions regarding the response of these low-cost sensors to different aerosol mixtures and their performance in low concentration environments.Hide
29 May 2015 Ground based lidar and microwave radiometry synergy for high vertically resolved thermodynamic profiling M. Barrera-Verdejo, S. Crewell, U. Löhnert, E. Orlandi, and P. DiGirolamo
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 8, 5467–5509, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-5467-2015,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-5467-2015,2015
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 9 comments) 29 Apr 2015 Intercomparing CO2 amounts from dispersion modeling, 1.6 μm differential absorption lidar and open path FTIR at a natural CO2 release at Caldara di Manziana, Italy M. Queißer, D. Granieri, M. Burton, A. La Spina, G. Salerno, R. Avino, and L. Fiorani Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 8, 4325–4345, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-4325-2015,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-4325-2015,2015
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 6 comments) Shortsummary
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Caldara di Manziana, Italy, represents a natural laboratory for strongly non-uniform CO2 degassing. We assess whether under these conditions three independent approaches to quantify CO2, two instruments and a dispersion model, operating in different time and length domains yield comparable results. In fact, we find satisfactory agreement between the two instrumental results. Moreover, we find modeled and measured CO2 concentrations to match reasonably well under certain atmospheric conditions.Hide
22 Apr 2015 Application of bias correction methods to improve the accuracy of quantitative radar rainfall in Korea J.-K. Lee, J.-H. Kim, and M.-K. Suk Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 8, 4011–4047, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-4011-2015,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-4011-2015,2015
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 7 comments) Shortsummary
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This paper focuses on correcting the reflectivity measurement bias and the QPE model bias. For the reflectivity bias correction, the bias correction algorithm which corrected target radars in the hardware and software bias based on the standard radar was utilized. The Mean Field Bias Correction and the Local Gauge Correction methods were also applied to correct the QPE model bias. Proposed bias correction methods are able to contribute to the real-time QPE model in work-siteoperation.
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31 Mar 2015 A method to derive the Site Atmospheric State Best Estimate (SASBE) of ozone profiles from radiosonde and passivemicrowave data
E. Maillard Barras, A. Haefele, R. Stübi, and D. Ruffieux Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 8, 3399–3422, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-3399-2015,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-3399-2015,2015
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 4 comments) Shortsummary
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We report on a method to combine simultaneous radiosonde and microwave radiometer measurements in order to obtain the SASBE of the vertical ozone distribution above Payerne, Switzerland. The two measurements are combined by using the radiosonde ozone profile as a priori information in the optimal estimation retrieval of the microwave radiometer. A comparison of the SASBE ozone profiles with AURA/MLS ozone profiles is presented.Hide
17 Mar 2015 Correcting aethalometer black carbon data for measurement artifacts by using inter-comparison methodology based on two different light attenuation increasing rates Y.-H. Cheng and L.-S. Yang Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 8, 2851–2879, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-2851-2015,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-2851-2015,2015
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 6 comments) 29 Jan 2015 LOAC: a small aerosol optical counter/sizer for ground-based and balloon measurements of the size distribution and nature of atmospheric particles – Part 2: First results from balloon and unmanned aerial vehicle flights J.-B. Renard, F. Dulac, G. Berthet, T. Lurton, D. Vignelle, F. Jégou, T. Tonnelier, C. Thaury, M. Jeannot, B. Couté, R. Akiki, J.-L. Mineau, N. Verdier, M. Mallet, F. Gensdarmes, P. Charpentier, S. Mesmin, V. Duverger, J.-C. Dupont, T. Elias, V. Crenn, J. Sciare, J. Giacomoni, M. Gobbi, E. Hamonou, H. Olafsson, P. Dagsson-Waldhauserova, C. Camy-Peyret, C. Mazel, T. Décamps, M. Piringer, J. Surcin, and D. Daugeron Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 8, 1261–1299, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-1261-2015,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-1261-2015,2015
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 3 comments) Shortsummary
Short summary
We present exemples of measurements obtained by the new light optical aerosol counter LOAC. The measurement were conducted from different kinds of balloons in the troposphre and stratosphere.Hide
29 Jan 2015 LOAC: a small aerosol optical counter/sizer for ground-based and balloon measurements of the size distribution and nature of atmospheric particles – Part 1: Principle of measurements and instrument evaluation J.-B. Renard, F. Dulac, G. Berthet, T. Lurton, D. Vignelles, F. Jégou, T. Tonnelier, C. Thaury, M. Jeannot, B. Couté, R. Akiki, J.-L. Mineau, N. Verdier, M. Mallet, F. Gensdarmes, P. Charpentier, S. Mesmin, V. Duverger, J.-C. Dupont, T. Elias, V. Crenn, J. Sciare, J. Giacomoni, M. Gobbi, E. Hamonou, H. Olafsson, P. Dagsson-Waldhauserova, C. Camy-Peyret, C. Mazel, T. Décamps, M. Piringer, J. Surcin, and D. Daugeron Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 8, 1203–1259, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-1203-2015,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-1203-2015,2015
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 8 comments) 14 Jan 2015 Comparing OMI UV index to ground-based measurements at two Finnish sites with focus on cloud-free and overcast conditions M. R. A. Pitkänen, A. Arola, K. Lakkala, T. Koskela, and A. V.Lindfors
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 8, 487–516, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-487-2015,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-487-2015,2015
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 7 comments) 13 Jan 2015 A novel retrieval of daytime atmospheric dust and volcanic ash heights through a synergy of AIRS infrared radiances and MODIS L2 optical depths S. DeSouza-Machado, L. Strow, E. Maddy, O. Torres, G. Thomas, D. Grainger, and A. Robinson Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 8, 443–485, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-443-2015,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-443-2015,2015
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 4 comments) Shortsummary
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The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) are instruments on the 1.30 pm polar orbiting Aqua spacecraft. We describe a daytime estimation of dust and volcanic ash layer heights, using a retrieval algorithm that uses the information in the AIRS L1B thermal infrared data, constrained by the MODIS L2 aerosol optical depths. CALIOP aerosol centroid heights are used for dust height comparisons, as are AATSR volcanic plume heights.Hide
07 Jan 2015 Validation of merged MSU4 and AMSU9 temperature climate records with a new 2002–2012 vertically resolved temperature record A. A. Penckwitt, G. E. Bodeker, P. Stoll, J. Lewis, T. von Clarmann,and A. Jones
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 8, 235–267, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-235-2015,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-235-2015,2015
Preprint withdrawn (discussion: closed, 4 comments) 18 Dec 2014 GPS radio occultation with TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X: sensitivity of lower troposphere sounding to the Open-Loop Dopplermodel
F. Zus, G. Beyerle, S. Heise, T. Schmidt, and J. Wickert Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 7, 12719–12733, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-7-12719-2014,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-7-12719-2014,2014
Preprint withdrawn (discussion: closed, 4 comments) 28 Nov 2014 Wuhan Atmospheric Radio Exploration (WARE) radar: implementation and initial results C. Zhou, H. Qing, G. Chen, X. Gu, B. Ni, G. Yang, Y. Zhang, and Z.Zhao
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 7, 11901–11925, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-7-11901-2014,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-7-11901-2014,2014
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 6 comments) Shortsummary
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Wuhan atmosphere radio exploration (WARE) radar is the first Mesosphere- -Stratosphere-Troposphere (MST) radar that becomes operative in the mainland of China and is dedicated to real-time atmospheric observations. We present the main configurations and initial results in this paper.The results can be very significant for analyzing the atmospheric characteristics in mid-latitude China and contributing to the worldwide MST community.Hide
21 Oct 2014 Characterization and first results of an ice nucleating particle measurement system based on counterflow virtual impactortechnique
L. P. Schenk, S. Mertes, U. Kästner, F. Frank, B. Nillius, U. Bundke, D. Rose, S. Schmidt, J. Schneider, A. Worringen, K. Kandler, N. Bukowiecki, M. Ebert, J. Curtius, and F. Stratmann Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 7, 10585–10617, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-7-10585-2014,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-7-10585-2014,2014
Revised manuscript has not been submitted (discussion: closed, 3 comments) Short summaryShort summary
A pumped counterflow virtual impactor (PCVI) was set up to separate ice nucleating particle (INP) counter produced ice particles that had been activated to ice from non-activated aerosol particles. The released INP were characterized with regard to their physico-chemical properties. A successful separation (PCVI) of INP for water-subsaturated conditions is proven. First results of INP properties are presented which were gained during a campaign at the high altitude research station Jungfraujoch.Hide
30 Sep 2014 Development of synthetic GOES-R ABI aerosol products R. M. Hoff, S. Kondragunta, P. Ciren, C. Xu, H. Zhang, and A. Huff Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 7, 10131–10157, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-7-10131-2014,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-7-10131-2014,2014
Preprint withdrawn (discussion: closed, 3 comments) 27 Aug 2014 Profiling of fine- and coarse-mode particles with LIRIC (LIdar/Radiometer Inversion Code) M. R. Perrone, P. Burlizzi, F. De Tomasi, and A. Chaikovsky Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 7, 8881–8926, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-7-8881-2014,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-7-8881-2014,2014
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 4 comments) 11 Jun 2014 Relationships between columnar aerosol optical properties and surface particulate matter observations in north-central Spain from long-term records (2003–2011) Y. S. Bennouna, V. Cachorro, M. A. Burgos, C. Toledano, B. Torres, andA. de Frutos
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 7, 5829–5882, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-7-5829-2014,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-7-5829-2014,2014
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 6 comments) 11 Mar 2014 A DOAS-like method for total column of CO2 from ground-based FTS measurements of the direct solar beam Y. F. Huo, M. Z. Duan, and W. S. Tian Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 7, 2405–2423, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-7-2405-2014,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-7-2405-2014,2014
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 4 comments) 07 Mar 2014 Binning effects on in-situ raindrop size distributionmeasurements
R. Checa-Garcia, A. Tokay, and F. J. Tapiador Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 7, 2339–2379, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-7-2339-2014,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-7-2339-2014,2014
Preprint withdrawn (discussion: closed, 7 comments) 15 Jan 2014 Interference of sulphur dioxide to balloon-borne ECC ozone sensors over the Valley of Mexico I. Kanda, R. Basaldud, N. Horikoshi, Y. Okazaki, S. E. Benítez Garcia, A. Ortínez, V. R. Ramos Benítez, B. Cárdenas, and S.Wakamatsu
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 7, 293–320, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-7-293-2014,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-7-293-2014,2014
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 4 comments) 23 Dec 2013 Megha-Tropiques/SAPHIR measurements of humidity profiles: validation with AIRS and global radiosonde network K. V. Subrahmanyam and K. K. Kumar Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 6, 11405–11437, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-11405-2013,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-11405-2013,2013
Preprint withdrawn (discussion: closed, 4 comments) 17 Dec 2013 Aerosol optical properties during dust and biomass burning episodes retrieved from sun-photometer over Shanghai C. Shi, S. Wang, R. Zhou, D. Li, H. Zhao, R. Liu, Z. Li, and B. Zhou Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 6, 11011–11054, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-11011-2013,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-11011-2013,2013
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 5 comments) 13 Dec 2013 Aerosol optical properties in Northern Norway andSvalbard
Y.-C. Chen, B. Hamre, Ø. Frette, S. Blindheim, K. Stebel, P. Sobolewski, C. Toledano, and J. J. Stamnes Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 6, 10761–10795, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-10761-2013,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-10761-2013,2013
Preprint withdrawn (discussion: closed, 2 comments) 29 Oct 2013 Estimation of waste water treatment plant methane emissions: methodology and results from a short campaign C. E. Yver-Kwok, D. Müller, C. Caldow, B. Lebegue, J. G. Mønster, C. W. Rella, C. Scheutz, M. Schmidt, M. Ramonet, T. Warneke, G. Broquet,and P. Ciais
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 6, 9181–9224, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-9181-2013,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-9181-2013,2013
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 4 comments) 22 Oct 2013 A dynamic plant chamber system with downstream reaction chamber to study the effects of pollution on biogenic emissions J. Timkovsky, P. Gankema, R. Pierik, and R. Holzinger Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 6, 9005–9036, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-9005-2013,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-9005-2013,2013
Preprint withdrawn (discussion: closed, 4 comments) 12 Sep 2013 An assessment of cloud top thermodynamic phase products obtained from A-Train passive and active sensors S. Zeng, J. Riedi, F. Parol, C. Cornet, and F. Thieuleux Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 6, 8371–8411, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-8371-2013,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-8371-2013,2013
Revised manuscript has not been submitted (discussion: closed, 4comments)
04 Sep 2013 Vertical air motions derived from a descending radiosonde using a lightweight hard ball as the parachute H. Chen, Y. Zhu, J. Zhang, and Y. Xuan Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 6, 8107–8127, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-8107-2013,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-8107-2013,2013
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 4 comments) 22 Aug 2013 Flask sample measurements for CO2, CH4 and CO using cavity ring-down spectrometry J.-L. Wang, G. Jacobson, C. W. Rella, C.-Y. Chang, I. Liu, W.-T. Liu, C. Chew, C.-F. Ou-Yang, W.-C. Liao, and C.-C. Chang Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 6, 7633–7657, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-7633-2013,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-7633-2013,2013
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 5 comments) 04 Jul 2013 Intercomparison of stratospheric ozone profiles for the assessment of the upgraded GROMOS radiometer at Bern S. Studer, K. Hocke, M. Pastel, S. Godin-Beekmann, and N. Kämpfer Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 6, 6097–6146, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-6097-2013,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-6097-2013,2013
Revised manuscript has not been submitted (discussion: closed, 3comments)
12 Jun 2013 Technical Note: Aeolian dust proxies produce visible luminescence upon intense laser-illumination that results from incandescence of internally mixed carbon L. Ma, T. Cao, and J. E. Thompson Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 6, 5173–5194, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-5173-2013,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-5173-2013,2013
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 5 comments) 04 Jun 2013 Applying receptor models Unmix and PMF on real data set of elements in PM for sources evaluation of the sea coastal side region (Southeast Adriatic Sea) D. Đorđević, S. Petrović, D. Relić, and A. Mihajlidi-Zelić Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 6, 4941–4969, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-4941-2013,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-4941-2013,2013
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 5 comments) 27 May 2013 A new microwave spectrometer for ground-based observations of water vapour K. Hallgren, P. Hartogh, and C. Jarchow Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 6, 4677–4703, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-4677-2013,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-4677-2013,2013
Revised manuscript has not been submitted (discussion: closed, 3comments)
23 May 2013 Validation of the Suomi NPP Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite total column ozone using Brewer and Dobson spectrophotometers K. Bai, C. Liu, R. Shi, and W. Gao Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 6, 4577–4605, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-4577-2013,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-4577-2013,2013
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 5 comments) 14 May 2013 Quantitative measurement of PM10 by means of X-ray fluorescence spectra E. Busetto, M. Peloi, L. Rebuffi, and E. Tefouet Kana Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 6, 4313–4332, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-4313-2013,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-4313-2013,2013
Preprint withdrawn (discussion: closed, 13 comments) 14 May 2013 Total columns of H2O measured from the ground and from space at Observatoire de Haute-Provence in France (44° N) S. Alkasm, A. Sarkissian, P. Keckhut, A. Pazmino, F. Goutail, M. Pinharanda, and S. Noël Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 6, 4249–4277, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-4249-2013,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-4249-2013,2013
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 4 comments) 29 Apr 2013 Uncertainty characterization of AOD for the AATSR dual and single view retrieval algorithms P. Kolmonen, A.-M. Sundström, L. Sogacheva, E. Rodriguez, T. Virtanen, and G. de Leeuw Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 6, 4039–4075, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-4039-2013,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-4039-2013,2013
Revised manuscript has not been submitted (discussion: closed, 2comments)
24 Apr 2013 Daytime aerosol extinction profiles from the combination of CALIOP profiles and AERONET products C. Marcos, R. Pedrós, J. L. Gómez-Amo, M. Sicard, M. P. Utrillas, C. Muñoz, A. Comerón, and J. A. Martinez-Lozano Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 6, 3983–4038, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-3983-2013,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-3983-2013,2013
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 4 comments) 22 Mar 2013 Arctic ozone loss in Siberia in 2011 and 2012 V. Dorokhov, N. Tsvetkova, V. Yushkov, H. Nakajima, G. Ivlev, A. Makshtas, N. Tereb, F. Goutail, A. Pazmino, and J.-P. Pommereau Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 6, 2955–2978, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-2955-2013,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-2955-2013,2013
Revised manuscript has not been submitted (discussion: closed, 3comments)
31 Jan 2013 A low-cost portable fibre-optic spectrometer for atmospheric absorption studiesJ. Bailey
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 6, 1067–1092, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-1067-2013,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-1067-2013,2013
Preprint withdrawn (discussion: closed, 3 comments) 21 Jan 2013 Measurement of motion corrected wind velocity using an aerostat lofted sonic anemometer W. R. Stevens, W. Squier, W. Mitchell, B. K. Gullett, and C. Pressley Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 6, 703–720, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-703-2013,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-703-2013,2013
Revised manuscript has not been submitted (discussion: closed, 5comments)
19 Dec 2012 Effect of sampling variation on error of rainfall variables measured by optical disdrometer X. C. Liu, T. C. Gao, and L. Liu Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 5, 8895–8924, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-8895-2012,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-8895-2012,2012
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 6 comments) 16 Nov 2012 Atmospheric column CO2 measurement from a new automatic ground-based sun photometer in Beijing from 2010 to 2012 Z. Q. Li, Y. S. Xie, X. F. Gu, D. H. Li, K. T. Li, X. Y. Zhang, J. Wu,and W. Xiong
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 5, 8313–8341, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-8313-2012,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-8313-2012,2012
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 5 comments) 17 Oct 2012 Climatology of aerosol optical properties in NorthernNorway and Svalbard
Y.-C. Chen, B. Hamre, Ø Frette, and J. J. Stamnes Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 5, 7619–7640, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-7619-2012,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-7619-2012,2012
Revised manuscript has not been submitted (discussion: closed, 3comments)
21 Sep 2012 Aerosol absorption retrieval at ultraviolet wavelengths in a complex environment S. Kazadzis, N. Kouremeti, V. Amiridis, A. Arola, and E. Gerasopoulos Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 5, 6991–7023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-6991-2012,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-6991-2012,2012
Revised manuscript has not been submitted (discussion: closed, 3comments)
21 Aug 2012 Global stratospheric aerosol extinction profile retrievals from SCIAMACHY limb-scatter observations F. Ernst, C. von Savigny, A. Rozanov, V. Rozanov, K.-U. Eichmann, L. A. Brinkhoff, H. Bovensmann, and J. P. Burrows Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 5, 5993–6035, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-5993-2012,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-5993-2012,2012
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 5 comments) 21 Aug 2012 Emission-factor uncertainties in maritime transport in the Strait of Gibraltar, Spain J. Moreno-Gutiérrez, V. Durán-Grados, Z. Uriondo, and J. ÁngelLlamas
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 5, 5953–5991, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-5953-2012,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-5953-2012,2012
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 6 comments) 17 Aug 2012 Novel method for fog monitoring using cellular networksinfrastructures
N. David, P. Alpert, and H. Messer Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 5, 5725–5752, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-5725-2012,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-5725-2012,2012
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 6 comments) 17 Aug 2012 A comparison of in-situ aircraft measurements of carbon dioxide to GOSAT data measured over Railroad Valley playa, Nevada, USA J. M. Tadić, M. Loewenstein, C. Frankenberg, L. T. Iraci, E. L. Yates, W. Gore, and A. Kuze Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 5, 5641–5664, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-5641-2012,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-5641-2012,2012
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 3 comments) 03 Aug 2012 Resolution of an important discrepancy between remote and in-situ measurements of tropospheric BrO during Antarctic enhancements H. K. Roscoe, N. Brough, A. E. Jones, F. Wittrock, A. Richter, M. Van Roozendael, and F. Hendrick Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 5, 5419–5448, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-5419-2012,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-5419-2012,2012
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 4 comments) 26 Jul 2012 Accuracy assessment of Aqua-MODIS aerosol optical depth over coastal regions: importance of quality flag and sea surface windspeed
J. C. Anderson, J. Wang, J. Zeng, M. Petrenko, G. G. Leptoukh, and C.Ichoku
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 5, 5205–5243, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-5205-2012,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-5205-2012,2012
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 8 comments) 29 Jun 2012 Preliminary observation of temperature profiles by radio acoustic sounding system (RASS) with a 1280 MHz lower atmospheric wind profiler at Gadanki, India T. V. Chandrasekhar Sarma, P. Srinivasulu, and T. Tsuda Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 5, 4447–4472, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-4447-2012,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-4447-2012,2012
Revised manuscript has not been submitted (discussion: closed, 7comments)
25 May 2012 Application of tomographic algorithms to Polar Mesospheric Cloud observations by Odin/OSIRIS K. Hultgren, J. Gumbel, D. A. Degenstein, A. E. Bourassa, and N. D.Lloyd
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 5, 3693–3716, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-3693-2012,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-3693-2012,2012
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 8 comments) 26 Apr 2012 A Cavity-Enhanced Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy instrument for measurement of BrO, HCHO, HONO and O3 D. J. Hoch, J. Buxmann, H. Sihler, D. Pöhler, C. Zetzsch, and U.Platt
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 5, 3079–3115, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-3079-2012,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-3079-2012,2012
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 4 comments) 12 Apr 2012 Implications of satellite swath width on global aerosol optical thickness statistics P. R. Colarco, L. A. Remer, R. A. Kahn, R. C. Levy, and E. J. Welton Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 5, 2795–2820, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-2795-2012,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-2795-2012,2012
Revised manuscript has not been submitted (discussion: closed, 4comments)
03 Apr 2012 Evaluation of BAER surface model for aerosol optical thickness retrieval over land surface Y. S. Chiang, W. von Hoyningen-Huene, K. S. Chen, A. Ladstätter-Weißenmayer, and J. P. Burrows Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 5, 2645–2679, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-2645-2012,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-2645-2012,2012
Revised manuscript has not been submitted (discussion: closed, 5comments)
01 Feb 2012 A new algorithm for brown and black carbon identification and organic carbon detection in fine atmospheric aerosols by a multi-wavelength Aethalometer F. Esposito, M. R. Calvello, E. Gueguen, and G. Pavese Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 5, 1003–1027, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-1003-2012,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-1003-2012,2012
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 6 comments) 24 Jan 2012 Multiple scattering in a dense aerosol atmosphere S. Mukai, T. Yokomae, I. Sano, M. Nakata, and A. Kokhanovsky Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 5, 881–907, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-881-2012,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-881-2012,2012
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 5 comments) 18 Jan 2012 New dynamic NNORSY ozone profile climatology A. K. Kaifel, M. Felder, C. DeClercq, and J.-C. Lambert Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 5, 775–812, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-775-2012,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-775-2012,2012
Revised manuscript has not been submitted (discussion: closed, 2comments)
10 Jan 2012 Flux correction for closed-path laser spectrometers without internal water vapor measurements R. V. Hiller, C. Zellweger, A. Knohl, and W. Eugster Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 5, 351–384, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-351-2012,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-351-2012,2012
Revised manuscript has not been submitted (discussion: closed, 5comments)
19 Dec 2011 Aerosol optical depth retrieval in the Arctic region using MODIS based on prior knowledge L. Mei, Y. Xue, G. de Leeuw, T. Hou, J. Guang, L. Yang, Y. Li, H. Xu,and X. He
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 4, 7597–7622, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-4-7597-2011,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-4-7597-2011,2011
Revised manuscript has not been submitted (discussion: closed, 3comments)
23 Nov 2011 In situ study of particle growth in convective eddies of the planetary boundary layer B. Alföldy, V. Groma, E. Börcsök, A. Nagy, A. Czitrovszky, and S.Török
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 4, 6969–6986, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-4-6969-2011,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-4-6969-2011,2011
Revised manuscript has not been submitted (discussion: closed, 2comments)
03 Nov 2011 Long-term aerosol optical depth datasets over China retrieved from satellite data Y. Xue, H. Xu, Y. Li, L. Yang, L. Mei, J. Guang, T. Hou, X. He, J. Dong, Z. Chen, and Y. Qi Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 4, 6643–6678, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-4-6643-2011,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-4-6643-2011,2011
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 4 comments) 28 Oct 2011 Monitoring of inorganic ions, carbonaceous matter and mass in ambient aerosol particles with online and offline methods H. Timonen, M. Aurela, K. Saarnio, A. Frey, S. Saarikoski, K. Teinilä, M. Kulmala, and R. Hillamo Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 4, 6577–6614, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-4-6577-2011,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-4-6577-2011,2011
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 4 comments) 23 Sep 2011 Rain research with disdrometers: a bibliometric review M. Fernandez-Raga, C. Palencia, C. Tomas, A. I. Calvo, A. Castro, andR. Fraile
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 4, 6041–6068, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-4-6041-2011,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-4-6041-2011,2011
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 7 comments) 12 Sep 2011 Sensitivity study on polarized aerosol retrievals of PARASOL in Beijing and Kanpur X. F. Gu, S. P. Wang, L. Fang, T. Yu, and J. Gao Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 4, 5773–5806, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-4-5773-2011,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-4-5773-2011,2011
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 5 comments) 16 Aug 2011 Contrasting aerosol trends over South Asia during the last decade based on MODIS observations D. G. Kaskaoutis, S. K. Kharol, P. R. Sinha, R. P. Singh, K. V. S. Badarinath, W. Mehdi, and M. Sharma Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 4, 5275–5323, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-4-5275-2011,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-4-5275-2011,2011
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 6 comments) 10 Aug 2011 Ground-based water vapor Raman lidar measurements up to the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere – Part 1: Instrument development, optimization, and validation I. S. McDermid, T. Leblanc, and T. D. Walsh Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 4, 5079–5109, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-4-5079-2011,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-4-5079-2011,2000
Preprint withdrawn (discussion: closed, 3 comments) 04 Aug 2011 Atmospheric trace gas measurements using ion mobilityspectrometer
A.-K. Viitanen, E. Saukko, H. Junninen, S. Rantanen, M. Kulmala, A. Virtanen, and J. M. Mäkelä Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 4, 4957–4990, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-4-4957-2011,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-4-4957-2011,2011
Preprint withdrawn (discussion: closed, 3 comments) 16 Jun 2011 High-resolution air quality monitoring from space: a fast retrieval scheme for CO from hyperspectral infrared measurements N. Smith, H.-L. Huang, E. Weisz, H. J. Annegarn, and R. B. Pierce Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 4, 3787–3803, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-4-3787-2011,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-4-3787-2011,2011
Preprint withdrawn (discussion: closed, 3 comments) 24 Feb 2011 An algorithm for retrieving black carbon optical parameters from thermal-optical (OC/EC) instruments A. Andersson, R. J. Sheesley, E. N. Kirillova, and Ö. Gustafsson Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 4, 1233–1254, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-4-1233-2011,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-4-1233-2011,2011
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 4 comments) 11 Feb 2011 A new approach for highly resolved air temperature measurements in urban areas M. Buttstädt, T. Sachsen, G. Ketzler, H. Merbitz, and C. Schneider Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 4, 1001–1019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-4-1001-2011,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-4-1001-2011,2011
Manuscript not accepted for further review (discussion: closed, 5comments)
21 Jan 2011 On the ability of pseudo-operational ground-based light detection and ranging (LIDAR) sensors to determine boundary-layer structure: intercomparison and comparison with in-situ radiosounding C. Milroy, G. Martucci, S. Lolli, S. Loaec, L. Sauvage, I. Xueref-Remy, J. V. Lavrič, P. Ciais, and C. D. O'Dowd Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 4, 563–597, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-4-563-2011,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-4-563-2011,2011
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 4 comments) 02 Nov 2010 LIDAR technology for measuring trace gases on Mars andEarth
H. Riris, K. Numata, S. Li, S. Wu, X. Sun, and J. Abshire Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 3, 4675–4705, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-3-4675-2010,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-3-4675-2010,2010
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 4 comments) 01 Nov 2010 Rapid methods for inversion of MAXDOAS elevation profiles to surface-associated box concentrations, visibility, and heights: application to analysis of Arctic BrO events D. Donohoue, D. Carlson, and W. R. Simpson Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 3, 4645–4674, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-3-4645-2010,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-3-4645-2010,2010
Preprint withdrawn (discussion: closed, 8 comments) 25 Aug 2010 Dry deposition of NaCl aerosols: theory and method for a modified leaf-washing technique A. Reinap, B. L. B. Wiman, S. Gunnarsson, and B. Svenningsson Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 3, 3851–3876, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-3-3851-2010,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-3-3851-2010,2010
Revised manuscript has not been submitted (discussion: closed, 4comments)
23 Aug 2010 Aerosol profiling using the ceilometer network of the German Meteorological Service H. Flentje, B. Heese, J. Reichardt, and W. Thomas Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 3, 3643–3673, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-3-3643-2010,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-3-3643-2010,2010
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 4 comments) 06 Jul 2010 Characterization of merged AIRS and MLS water vapor sensitivity through integration of averaging kernels and retrievals C. K. Liang, A. Eldering, F. W. Irion, W. G. Read, E. J. Fetzer, B. H. Kahn, and K.-N. Liou Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 3, 2833–2859, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-3-2833-2010,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-3-2833-2010,2010
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 4 comments) 28 May 2010 Columnar aerosol size distribution function obtained by inversion of spectral optical depth measurements for the Zanjan, Iran A. Masoumi, A. Bayat, and H. R. Khalesifard Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 3, 2367–2387, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-3-2367-2010,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-3-2367-2010,2010
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 9 comments) 16 Apr 2010 On differentiating ground clutter and insect echoes from Doppler weather radars using archived data S. J. Rennie, A. J. Illingworth, and S. L. Dance Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 3, 1843–1860, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-3-1843-2010,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-3-1843-2010,2010
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 4 comments) 06 Apr 2010 Prediction of tropical cyclonegenesis over the South China Sea using SSM/I satellite C. Zhang, Q. Zhang, and L. Wang Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 3, 1495–1510, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-3-1495-2010,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-3-1495-2010,2010
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 4 comments) 11 Jan 2010 The impact of surface reflectance variability on total column differential absorption LiDAR measurements of atmospheric CO2 J. P. Lawrence, R. J. Leigh, and P. S. Monks Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 3, 147–184, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-3-147-2010,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-3-147-2010,2010
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 5 comments) 28 Aug 2009 Development and application of a new mobile LOPAP instrument for the measurement of HONO altitude profiles in the planetary boundary layer R. Häseler, T. Brauers, F. Holland, and A. Wahner Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 2, 2027–2054, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-2-2027-2009,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-2-2027-2009,2009
Revised manuscript has not been submitted (discussion: closed, 2comments)
20 Jul 2009 Determination of an effective trace gas mixing height by differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) B. Zhou, S. N. Yang, S. S. Wang, and T. Wagner Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 2, 1663–1692, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-2-1663-2009,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-2-1663-2009,2009
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 9 comments) 16 Feb 2009 Springtime Arctic ground-based spectroscopy of O3 and related trace gases at Eureka, Canada – Part 1: Evaluation of the analysis method and comparison with infrared measurements E. Farahani, K. Strong, R. L. Mittermeier, H. Fast, M. Van Roozendael,and C. Fayt
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 2, 343–377, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-2-343-2009,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-2-343-2009,2009
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 3 comments) 04 Feb 2009 Determination of water-insoluble light absorbing matter in rainwater using polycarbonate membrane filters and photometricdetection
J. E. Engström and C. Leck Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 2, 237–264, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-2-237-2009,https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-2-237-2009,2009
Revised manuscript not accepted (discussion: closed, 3 comments)CC BY 4.0
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