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TOPICS A–Z
D. Dabrafenib Dactylitis Daffodil Dandelion Dapsone Darier-Roussy subcutaneous sarcoidosis Darier disease Darier disease pathology Dark circles under the eyes Deep skin disorders Defects of the hair shaft Deficiency of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist Delayed pressure urticaria Delusions of parasitosis Demodex Demodicosis pathologyDengue
PERIORAL DERMATITIS
COMMON BENIGN SKIN LESIONS Common benign skin lesions of melanocytic origin include the ephilis, lentigo simplex, and melanocytic naevus (mole). Ephilides are genetically determined well-defined small brown macules with the following characteristics: 1–4 mm in diameter. Tan or brown colour. Located in areas exposed to the sun such as the face and forearms. LIPODERMATOSCLEROSIS Lipodermatosclerosis is an inflammatory skin condition resulting from underlying venous insufficiency. This is caused by: Incompetent venous valves. Venous outflow obstruction. Dysfunction of the calf muscle pump . The resulting venous hypertension causes an increase of leukocytes within the veins, which then migrate into surroundingtissue.
DERMATOFIBROMA
Dermatofibroma, Fibrous histiocytoma, Histiocytoma cutis, Cutaneous fibrous histiocytoma, Sclerosing haemangioma, Dermatofibroma lenticulare, Subepidermal nodular fibrosis, Sclerosing angioma, Fibroma simplex, Dermal dendrocytoma. Authoritative facts from DermNetNew Zealand.
JUVENILE SPRING ERUPTION What is the cause of juvenile spring eruption? Juvenile spring eruption is probably a localised form of polymorphic light eruption (PMLE) — a sun allergy rash of unknown cause which can have various appearances and affects more widespread areas of sun-exposed skin. Some patients with juvenile spring eruption also have PMLE.PITYRIASIS ROSEA
Pityriasis rosea is associated with reactivation of herpesviruses 6 and 7, which cause the primary rash roseola in infants. Influenza viruses and vaccines have triggered pityriasis rosea in some cases. Pityriasis rosea or atypical, pityriasis rosea-like rashes can rarely arise as an adverse reaction to a medicine.NIPPLE ECZEMA
Nipple eczema can occur in anyone as a solitary condition; however, it often occurs in patients with current or past eczema elsewhere. Nipple eczema is mostly diagnosed in teenage girls, regardless of any prior history of atopic dermatitis, but it can also affect infants, children, and older men and women.PITTED KERATOLYSIS
Pitted keratolysis is a descriptive title for a superficial bacterial skin infection that affects the soles of the feet, and less often, the palms of the hands. It is one of the causes of smelly feet. It is characterised by whitish skin and clusters of punched-out pits. DERMNET NZ – ALL ABOUT THE SKIN DermNet is the world’s free resource and authority on all things skin. We help thousands of people make informed, evidence-based decisions on how to care for skin conditions, by providing reliable information at the click of a button.TOPICS A–Z
D. Dabrafenib Dactylitis Daffodil Dandelion Dapsone Darier-Roussy subcutaneous sarcoidosis Darier disease Darier disease pathology Dark circles under the eyes Deep skin disorders Defects of the hair shaft Deficiency of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist Delayed pressure urticaria Delusions of parasitosis Demodex Demodicosis pathologyDengue
PERIORAL DERMATITIS
COMMON BENIGN SKIN LESIONS Common benign skin lesions of melanocytic origin include the ephilis, lentigo simplex, and melanocytic naevus (mole). Ephilides are genetically determined well-defined small brown macules with the following characteristics: 1–4 mm in diameter. Tan or brown colour. Located in areas exposed to the sun such as the face and forearms. LIPODERMATOSCLEROSIS Lipodermatosclerosis is an inflammatory skin condition resulting from underlying venous insufficiency. This is caused by: Incompetent venous valves. Venous outflow obstruction. Dysfunction of the calf muscle pump . The resulting venous hypertension causes an increase of leukocytes within the veins, which then migrate into surroundingtissue.
DERMATOFIBROMA
Dermatofibroma, Fibrous histiocytoma, Histiocytoma cutis, Cutaneous fibrous histiocytoma, Sclerosing haemangioma, Dermatofibroma lenticulare, Subepidermal nodular fibrosis, Sclerosing angioma, Fibroma simplex, Dermal dendrocytoma. Authoritative facts from DermNetNew Zealand.
JUVENILE SPRING ERUPTION What is the cause of juvenile spring eruption? Juvenile spring eruption is probably a localised form of polymorphic light eruption (PMLE) — a sun allergy rash of unknown cause which can have various appearances and affects more widespread areas of sun-exposed skin. Some patients with juvenile spring eruption also have PMLE.PITYRIASIS ROSEA
Pityriasis rosea is associated with reactivation of herpesviruses 6 and 7, which cause the primary rash roseola in infants. Influenza viruses and vaccines have triggered pityriasis rosea in some cases. Pityriasis rosea or atypical, pityriasis rosea-like rashes can rarely arise as an adverse reaction to a medicine.NIPPLE ECZEMA
Nipple eczema can occur in anyone as a solitary condition; however, it often occurs in patients with current or past eczema elsewhere. Nipple eczema is mostly diagnosed in teenage girls, regardless of any prior history of atopic dermatitis, but it can also affect infants, children, and older men and women.PITTED KERATOLYSIS
Pitted keratolysis is a descriptive title for a superficial bacterial skin infection that affects the soles of the feet, and less often, the palms of the hands. It is one of the causes of smelly feet. It is characterised by whitish skin and clusters of punched-out pits.DERMOGRAPHISM
Dermographism is an exaggerated weal and flare response that occurs within minutes of the skin being stroked or scratched. Dermographism is the most common form of physical or chronic inducible urticaria. It is also called dermatographia and dermographic urticaria.Dermographism.
TRANSIENT ACANTHOLYTIC DERMATOSIS Transient acantholytic dermatosis causes an itchy truncal rash characterised by acantholysis on histopathology. It is an acquired acantholytic dermatosis, in contrast to the rare and persistent inherited acantholytic dermatoses, Darier disease and Hailey-Hailey disease. Transient acantholytic dermatosis is also known as Groverdisease.
CHONDRODERMATITIS NODULARIS Chondrodermatitis nodularis is a solitary, firm, and oval-shaped nodule, 4–6 mm in diameter, with central crust and surrounding erythema. In men, the most common site for CNH is the helix, while in women it is more often found on the antihelix. It is typicallyunilateral, located
ERYTHRASMA | DERMNET NZ Erythrasma can be treated with antiseptic or topical antibiotic such as: Fusidic acid cream. Clindamycin solution. Benzoyl peroxide. Whitfield ointment (3% salicylic acid, 6% benzoic acid in petrolatum). Extensive infection can be treated with oral antibiotics, including erythromycin or tetracycline and usually responds promptly. MELANOMA OF NAIL UNIT Introduction. Melanoma of the nail unit is usually a variant of acral lentiginous melanoma (melanoma arising on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet). Other types of melanoma rarely arising under the nails are nodular melanoma and desmoplastic melanoma.. Melanoma of the nail unit usually affects either a thumbnail or great toenail, but any finger or toenail may be involved. ROSACEA | DERMNET NZ Rosacea is a chronic rash involving the central face that most often starts between the age of 30 and 60 years. It is common in those with fair skin, blue eyes and Celtic origins. It may be transient, recurrent or persistent and is characterised by its colour, red. CHILBLAINS | DERMNET NZ Chilblains develop several hours after exposure to damp cold and last for more than 24 hours. Chilblains typically present as: Itch and/or burning pain. Localised swelling. Blanchable red/purple discolouration. Dermoscopy is not very informative, but examination of the nailfold capillaries may be useful if an underlying connectivetissue
GRANULOMA ANNULARE
Granuloma annulare may be a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to a component of the dermis or a reaction pattern to numerous triggers. Reported triggering events have included many skin infections and infestations, and types of skin trauma. Inflammation is mediated by tumour necrosis factor alpha ( TNF α). The reason this occurs isunknown.
MELANOCYTIC NAEVUS
What is a melanocytic naevus?. A melanocytic naevus (American spelling ‘nevus’), or mole, is a common benign skin lesion due to a local proliferation of pigment cells (melanocytes).It is sometimes called a naevocytic naevus or just 'naevus' (but note that there are other types of naevi).A brown or black melanocytic naevus contains the pigment melanin, so may also be called a pigmented naevus.URAEMIC PRURITUS
Uraemic pruritus is characterised by daily bouts of itching that tend to worsen at night and may prevent sleep. The itch may be generalised or localised to one area, most often the back, abdomen, head and /or arms. In haemodialysis patients, the pruritus is lowest the day after dialysis and peaks 2 days afterwards. DERMNET NZ – ALL ABOUT THE SKIN DermNet is the world’s free resource and authority on all things skin. We help thousands of people make informed, evidence-based decisions on how to care for skin conditions, by providing reliable information at the click of a button.TOPICS A–Z
A to Z of skin diseases, conditions and their treatments from DermNetNew Zealand.
DERMOGRAPHISM
What is dermographism? Dermographism is an exaggerated weal and flare response that occurs within minutes of the skin being stroked or scratched. Dermographism is the most common form of physical or chronic inducible urticaria.It is also called dermatographia and dermographic urticaria. LIPODERMATOSCLEROSIS What is lipodermatosclerosis? Lipodermatosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory condition characterised by subcutaneous fibrosis and hardening of the skin on the lower legs.. Lipodermatosclerosis is also known as sclerosing panniculitis and hypodermitis sclerodermaformis.. Who gets lipodermatosclerosis? Lipodermatosclerosis is common, affecting middle-aged or older people. TRANSIENT ACANTHOLYTIC DERMATOSIS What is transient acantholytic dermatosis?. Transient acantholytic dermatosis causes an itchy truncal rash characterised by acantholysis on histopathology.It is an acquired acantholytic dermatosis, in contrast to the rare and persistent inherited acantholytic dermatoses, Darier disease and Hailey-Hailey disease.. Transient acantholytic dermatosis is also known as Grover disease. CHONDRODERMATITIS NODULARIS What is chondrodermatitis nodularis? Chondrodermatitis nodularis is a common inflammatory condition which affects the skin and cartilage of the helix or antihelix of the ear.. Chondrodermatitis nodularis is sometimes called Winkler disease, after the dermatologist who described it in 1915. It is also called nodular chondrodermatitis, chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis, and chondrodermatitisDERMATOFIBROMA
Dermatofibroma, Fibrous histiocytoma, Histiocytoma cutis, Cutaneous fibrous histiocytoma, Sclerosing haemangioma, Dermatofibroma lenticulare, Subepidermal nodular fibrosis, Sclerosing angioma, Fibroma simplex, Dermal dendrocytoma. Authoritative facts from DermNetNew Zealand.
JUVENILE SPRING ERUPTION What is the cause of juvenile spring eruption? Juvenile spring eruption is probably a localised form of polymorphic light eruption (PMLE) — a sun allergy rash of unknown cause which can have various appearances and affects more widespread areas of sun-exposed skin. Some patients with juvenile spring eruption also have PMLE.ERYTHEMA NODOSUM
What are the causes of erythema nodosum? Erythema nodosum is a hypersensitivity reaction of unknown cause in up to 55% of patients . In other cases, it is associated with an identified infection, drug, inflammatory condition, or malignancy .. Throat infections (streptococcal disease or viral infection); Primary tuberculosis (), a rare cause in New Zealand CHILBLAINS | DERMNET NZ Chilblains, Perniosis, Pernio, Erythema pernio, Chilblain. Authoritative facts from DermNet New Zealand. DERMNET NZ – ALL ABOUT THE SKIN DermNet is the world’s free resource and authority on all things skin. We help thousands of people make informed, evidence-based decisions on how to care for skin conditions, by providing reliable information at the click of a button.TOPICS A–Z
A to Z of skin diseases, conditions and their treatments from DermNetNew Zealand.
DERMOGRAPHISM
What is dermographism? Dermographism is an exaggerated weal and flare response that occurs within minutes of the skin being stroked or scratched. Dermographism is the most common form of physical or chronic inducible urticaria.It is also called dermatographia and dermographic urticaria. LIPODERMATOSCLEROSIS What is lipodermatosclerosis? Lipodermatosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory condition characterised by subcutaneous fibrosis and hardening of the skin on the lower legs.. Lipodermatosclerosis is also known as sclerosing panniculitis and hypodermitis sclerodermaformis.. Who gets lipodermatosclerosis? Lipodermatosclerosis is common, affecting middle-aged or older people. TRANSIENT ACANTHOLYTIC DERMATOSIS What is transient acantholytic dermatosis?. Transient acantholytic dermatosis causes an itchy truncal rash characterised by acantholysis on histopathology.It is an acquired acantholytic dermatosis, in contrast to the rare and persistent inherited acantholytic dermatoses, Darier disease and Hailey-Hailey disease.. Transient acantholytic dermatosis is also known as Grover disease. CHONDRODERMATITIS NODULARIS What is chondrodermatitis nodularis? Chondrodermatitis nodularis is a common inflammatory condition which affects the skin and cartilage of the helix or antihelix of the ear.. Chondrodermatitis nodularis is sometimes called Winkler disease, after the dermatologist who described it in 1915. It is also called nodular chondrodermatitis, chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis, and chondrodermatitisDERMATOFIBROMA
Dermatofibroma, Fibrous histiocytoma, Histiocytoma cutis, Cutaneous fibrous histiocytoma, Sclerosing haemangioma, Dermatofibroma lenticulare, Subepidermal nodular fibrosis, Sclerosing angioma, Fibroma simplex, Dermal dendrocytoma. Authoritative facts from DermNetNew Zealand.
JUVENILE SPRING ERUPTION What is the cause of juvenile spring eruption? Juvenile spring eruption is probably a localised form of polymorphic light eruption (PMLE) — a sun allergy rash of unknown cause which can have various appearances and affects more widespread areas of sun-exposed skin. Some patients with juvenile spring eruption also have PMLE.ERYTHEMA NODOSUM
What are the causes of erythema nodosum? Erythema nodosum is a hypersensitivity reaction of unknown cause in up to 55% of patients . In other cases, it is associated with an identified infection, drug, inflammatory condition, or malignancy .. Throat infections (streptococcal disease or viral infection); Primary tuberculosis (), a rare cause in New Zealand CHILBLAINS | DERMNET NZ Chilblains, Perniosis, Pernio, Erythema pernio, Chilblain. Authoritative facts from DermNet New Zealand. CHONDRODERMATITIS NODULARIS What is chondrodermatitis nodularis? Chondrodermatitis nodularis is a common inflammatory condition which affects the skin and cartilage of the helix or antihelix of the ear.. Chondrodermatitis nodularis is sometimes called Winkler disease, after the dermatologist who described it in 1915. It is also called nodular chondrodermatitis, chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis, and chondrodermatitis MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM What is molluscum contagiosum? Molluscum contagiosum is a common viral skin infection of childhood that causes localised clusters of epidermal papules called mollusca.. Who gets molluscum contagiosum? Molluscum contagiosum mainly affects infants and young children under the age of 10 years. SCABIES | DERMNET NZ What is the treatment for scabies? Management of a scabies outbreak involves the identification and treatment of individual patients and household contacts with insecticides.Oral antibiotics are required for secondary infection.. Careful attention to instructions is essential if scabies is to be cured. CHILBLAINS | DERMNET NZ Chilblains, Perniosis, Pernio, Erythema pernio, Chilblain. Authoritative facts from DermNet New Zealand. MELASMA | DERMNET NZ What is melasma? Melasma is a common acquired skin disorder that presents as a bilateral, blotchy, brownish facial pigmentation.. This form of facial pigmentation was previously called chloasma, but as this derives from the Greek meaning ‘to become green’, the term melasma (brown skin) is preferred. It was also known as the ‘mask ofpregnancy’.
PITYRIASIS ALBA
What is pityriasis alba?. Pityriasis alba is a low-grade type of eczema / dermatitis mainly seen in children.. The name describes its appearance: pityriasis refers to the characteristic fine scale, and alba to its pale colour (hypopigmentation).. Who gets pityriasis alba? ROSACEA | DERMNET NZ What is rosacea? Rosacea is a chronic rash involving the central face that most often starts between the age of 30 and 60 years. It is common in those with fair skin, blue eyes and Celtic origins. It may be transient, recurrent or persistent and is characterised by its colour, red.. Although once known as acne rosacea, this is incorrect, as it is unrelated to acne.NODULAR PRURIGO
What is the cause of nodular prurigo? The cause of nodular prurigo is unknown. It is uncertain whether scratching leads to the nodules or if the nodules appear before they are scratched. The reason for the nodules, the inflammation and the increased activity and size of nerves in the skin is under investigation but remains unknown.. Nodular prurigo may commence as an insect bite reaction orGRANULOMA ANNULARE
What is granuloma annulare?. Granuloma annulare (GA) is a common inflammatory skin condition typified clinically by annular, smooth, discoloured papules and plaques, and necrobiotic granulomas on histology.Granuloma annulare is more correctly known as necrobiotic papulosis. Who gets granuloma annulare? Granuloma annulare is seen most commonly on the skin of children, teenagers, or youngNIPPLE ECZEMA
What is nipple eczema?. Nipple eczema is a localised dermatitis involving the nipple and areola and is characterised by erythema and scaling.It may be itchy and painful. Nipple eczema can be a local manifestation of atopic dermatitis/eczema when it arises with classic age-related patterns of eczema on other body sites, or it can occur in isolation.. Nipple eczema This website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience on ourwebsite. Learn more
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Dermatology patients on systemic medicines — stay safe from COVID-19. Find out if you should self-isolate; ask your doctor. In NZ? Unite against COVID-19 .OUR MISSION
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TOPICS A-Z
DERMDIAG – AN AID TO SELF DIAGNOSIS RECENTLY ADDED PAGES INCONTINENCE-ASSOCIATED DERMATITIS Incontinence-associated dermatitis is a form of irritant contact dermatitis due to contact with urine and faeces in people who are... EPSTEIN–BARR VIRUS-ASSOCIATED LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), also known as human herpesvirus 4 (HHV-4), is one of the eight known lymphotropic herpesviruses . SKIN CANCER AND SELF-EXAMS Sponsored content: melanomas are notoriously difficult to discover anddiagnose.
MACULAR AMYLOIDOSIS
Macular amyloidosis is one of three forms of primary localised cutaneous amyloidosis. CANNABINOIDS IN DERMATOLOGY Cannabis refers to one of two notable subspecies of the cannabisplant.
IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) usually describes the paradoxical worsening of pre-existing infectious processes after the initiation of antiretroviral therapy... FRAGRANCES AND PERFUMES A fragrance is defined as a combination of organic compounds that produces a distinct smell or odour. RADIOGRAPHIC INVESTIGATIONS IN MELANOMA Radiographic investigations produce images of tissues and bones underthe skin.
PHARMACOGENOMICS IN DERMATOLOGY Pharmacogenomics aims to provide an understanding of how a patient’s whole genome influences their individual response to therapeutics. NAEVUS LIPOMATOSUS SUPERFICIALIS Naevus lipomatosus superficialis is a developmental malformation (a cutaneous hamartoma or type of birthmark). STURGE–WEBER SYNDROME Sturge–Weber syndrome is a rare, congenital, and non-inherited vascular disorder characterised by capillary malformation on the facial skin (port-wine stain)... LAX BEETLE DERMATOSIS Lax beetles are common insects that are found worldwide, belonging to the family Oedemeridae . IDIOPATHIC ERUPTIVE MACULAR HYPERPIGMENTATION Idiopathic eruptive macular hyperpigmentation is a rare benign pigmentary disorder characterised by asymptomatic hyperpigmented macules with a predilection for the... ACQUIRED DERMAL MACULAR HYPERPIGMENTATION Acquired dermal macular hyperpigmentation comprises three conditions: Erythema dyschromicum perstans Lichen planus pigmentosus Idiopathic eruptive macular hyperpigmentation .ECZEMA COXSACKIUM
Eczema coxsackium is an enteroviral infection affecting children with atopic dermatitis (eczema). REACTIVE ARTHROPATHY Reactive arthropathy describes the inflammation of joints following an infection usually involving the gastrointestinal or urogenital tracts.
CUTANEOUS ADVERSE EFFECTS OF ANTIMELANOMA THERAPIES The introduction of targeted cancer therapies and immunotherapy has revolutionised the management and prognosis of metastatic melanoma, significantly improving drug... INTERFERON REGULATORY FACTOR 4 GENE The physical features of hair, skin, and eye colour, freckling, melanocytic naevi and the skin’s response to the sun are... INFLAMMASOMES AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES The innate immune response refers to the parts of the immune system that are immediately functional. CALCIPOTRIOL/BETAMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE OINTMENT AND GEL Psoriasis is an autoimmune skin disorder characterised by circumscribed, red, scaly plaques. IDIOPATHIC GUTTATE HYPOMELANOSIS DERMOSCOPY Idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis is a commonly acquired leukoderma characterised by flat porcelain-white macules on sun-exposed areas. PERPENDICULAR WHITE LINES DERMOSCOPY In dermoscopy, perpendicular white lines are short discrete white lines oriented parallel and orthogonal (perpendicular) to each otherand seen...
HAIR SHEDDING
Hair shedding is a normal part of the hair cycle and is an ongoingprocess.
ADJUVANT THERAPIES FOR MALIGNANT MELANOMA Adjuvant therapy is defined as a treatment given after the initialtherapy.
AQUAGENIC URTICARIA
Aquagenic urticaria is a rare variant of chronic inducible urticaria that occurs in response to contact with water . AURICULOTEMPORAL SYNDROME The auriculotemporal syndrome is characterised by sweating, flushing, and warming over the preauricular area (the front of the ear) and... HISTIOCYTIC NECROTISING LYMPHADENITIS Histiocytic necrotising lymphadenitis is a benign condition associated with lymphadenopathy (a disease of the lymph nodes; in this case,usually...
MULTICENTRIC RETICULOHISTIOCYTOSIS Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis is a very rare systemic granulomatous disease classified as a reticulocytosis and proliferative non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis.DIFFUSE ALOPECIA
Alopecia is the medical term for hair loss. GENETIC TESTING FOR MELANOMA Genes carry information in the form of DNA and control how cellsfunction.
NAIL DISORDER IMAGES Nail disorders include acral lentiginous melanoma of the nail unit. DERMOSCOPY OF VITILIGO Vitiligo is a common acquired depigmentation of the skin due to autoimmune destruction of melanocytes. LEISHMANIASIS IMAGES Leishmaniasis is a parasite carried by sandflies.PAEDARUS DERMATITIS
Paedarus dermatitis is a skin irritation due to contact with certain species of the rove beetle, such as the Nairobi... TERRA FIRMA-FORME DERMATOSIS Terra firma-forme dermatosis is a benign skin disorder that manifests as raised, dirty-appearing areas of skin. SEMEN CONTACT ALLERGY Semen contact allergy is a rare but notable form of allergic contact urticaria that occurs during or after contact with... BULLOUS SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS Bullous systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune subepidermal blistering disease that occurs in patients with SLE. KEY CLINICAL-TRIAL EVIDENCE FOR CALCIPOTRIOL/BETAMETHASONEDIPROPIONATE FOAM
Calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate foam (trade name Enstilar®) is a dual-action investigational aerosol foam containing calcipotriol, a vitamin D analog, and betamethasone... CALCIPOTRIOL/BETAMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE FOAM Psoriasis is an autoimmune skin disorder characterised by circumscribed, red, scaly plaques. CUTANEOUS ADVERSE REACTIONS TO CALCINEURIN INHIBITORS Calcineurin inhibitors are drugs that work by inhibiting the calcium-dependent protein phosphatase calcineurin, an enzyme that results in activation of... INCONTINENCE-ASSOCIATED DERMATITIS Incontinence-associated dermatitis is a form of irritant contact dermatitis due to contact with urine and faeces in people who are... EPSTEIN–BARR VIRUS-ASSOCIATED LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), also known as human herpesvirus 4 (HHV-4), is one of the eight known lymphotropic herpesviruses . SKIN CANCER AND SELF-EXAMS Sponsored content: melanomas are notoriously difficult to discover anddiagnose.
MACULAR AMYLOIDOSIS
Macular amyloidosis is one of three forms of primary localised cutaneous amyloidosis. CANNABINOIDS IN DERMATOLOGY Cannabis refers to one of two notable subspecies of the cannabisplant.
IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) usually describes the paradoxical worsening of pre-existing infectious processes after the initiation of antiretroviral therapy... FRAGRANCES AND PERFUMES A fragrance is defined as a combination of organic compounds that produces a distinct smell or odour. RADIOGRAPHIC INVESTIGATIONS IN MELANOMA Radiographic investigations produce images of tissues and bones underthe skin.
PHARMACOGENOMICS IN DERMATOLOGY Pharmacogenomics aims to provide an understanding of how a patient’s whole genome influences their individual response to therapeutics. NAEVUS LIPOMATOSUS SUPERFICIALIS Naevus lipomatosus superficialis is a developmental malformation (a cutaneous hamartoma or type of birthmark). STURGE–WEBER SYNDROME Sturge–Weber syndrome is a rare, congenital, and non-inherited vascular disorder characterised by capillary malformation on the facial skin (port-wine stain)... LAX BEETLE DERMATOSIS Lax beetles are common insects that are found worldwide, belonging to the family Oedemeridae . IDIOPATHIC ERUPTIVE MACULAR HYPERPIGMENTATION Idiopathic eruptive macular hyperpigmentation is a rare benign pigmentary disorder characterised by asymptomatic hyperpigmented macules with a predilection for the... ACQUIRED DERMAL MACULAR HYPERPIGMENTATION Acquired dermal macular hyperpigmentation comprises three conditions: Erythema dyschromicum perstans Lichen planus pigmentosus Idiopathic eruptive macular hyperpigmentation .ECZEMA COXSACKIUM
Eczema coxsackium is an enteroviral infection affecting children with atopic dermatitis (eczema). REACTIVE ARTHROPATHY Reactive arthropathy describes the inflammation of joints following an infection usually involving the gastrointestinal or urogenital tracts.
CUTANEOUS ADVERSE EFFECTS OF ANTIMELANOMA THERAPIES The introduction of targeted cancer therapies and immunotherapy has revolutionised the management and prognosis of metastatic melanoma, significantly improving drug... INTERFERON REGULATORY FACTOR 4 GENE The physical features of hair, skin, and eye colour, freckling, melanocytic naevi and the skin’s response to the sun are... INFLAMMASOMES AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES The innate immune response refers to the parts of the immune system that are immediately functional. CALCIPOTRIOL/BETAMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE OINTMENT AND GEL Psoriasis is an autoimmune skin disorder characterised by circumscribed, red, scaly plaques. IDIOPATHIC GUTTATE HYPOMELANOSIS DERMOSCOPY Idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis is a commonly acquired leukoderma characterised by flat porcelain-white macules on sun-exposed areas. PERPENDICULAR WHITE LINES DERMOSCOPY In dermoscopy, perpendicular white lines are short discrete white lines oriented parallel and orthogonal (perpendicular) to each otherand seen...
HAIR SHEDDING
Hair shedding is a normal part of the hair cycle and is an ongoingprocess.
ADJUVANT THERAPIES FOR MALIGNANT MELANOMA Adjuvant therapy is defined as a treatment given after the initialtherapy.
AQUAGENIC URTICARIA
Aquagenic urticaria is a rare variant of chronic inducible urticaria that occurs in response to contact with water . AURICULOTEMPORAL SYNDROME The auriculotemporal syndrome is characterised by sweating, flushing, and warming over the preauricular area (the front of the ear) and... HISTIOCYTIC NECROTISING LYMPHADENITIS Histiocytic necrotising lymphadenitis is a benign condition associated with lymphadenopathy (a disease of the lymph nodes; in this case,usually...
MULTICENTRIC RETICULOHISTIOCYTOSIS Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis is a very rare systemic granulomatous disease classified as a reticulocytosis and proliferative non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis.DIFFUSE ALOPECIA
Alopecia is the medical term for hair loss. GENETIC TESTING FOR MELANOMA Genes carry information in the form of DNA and control how cellsfunction.
NAIL DISORDER IMAGES Nail disorders include acral lentiginous melanoma of the nail unit. DERMOSCOPY OF VITILIGO Vitiligo is a common acquired depigmentation of the skin due to autoimmune destruction of melanocytes. LEISHMANIASIS IMAGES Leishmaniasis is a parasite carried by sandflies.PAEDARUS DERMATITIS
Paedarus dermatitis is a skin irritation due to contact with certain species of the rove beetle, such as the Nairobi... TERRA FIRMA-FORME DERMATOSIS Terra firma-forme dermatosis is a benign skin disorder that manifests as raised, dirty-appearing areas of skin. SEMEN CONTACT ALLERGY Semen contact allergy is a rare but notable form of allergic contact urticaria that occurs during or after contact with... BULLOUS SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS Bullous systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune subepidermal blistering disease that occurs in patients with SLE. KEY CLINICAL-TRIAL EVIDENCE FOR CALCIPOTRIOL/BETAMETHASONEDIPROPIONATE FOAM
Calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate foam (trade name Enstilar®) is a dual-action investigational aerosol foam containing calcipotriol, a vitamin D analog, and betamethasone... CALCIPOTRIOL/BETAMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE FOAM Psoriasis is an autoimmune skin disorder characterised by circumscribed, red, scaly plaques. CUTANEOUS ADVERSE REACTIONS TO CALCINEURIN INHIBITORS Calcineurin inhibitors are drugs that work by inhibiting the calcium-dependent protein phosphatase calcineurin, an enzyme that results in activation of... INCONTINENCE-ASSOCIATED DERMATITIS Incontinence-associated dermatitis is a form of irritant contact dermatitis due to contact with urine and faeces in people who are... EPSTEIN–BARR VIRUS-ASSOCIATED LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), also known as human herpesvirus 4 (HHV-4), is one of the eight known lymphotropic herpesviruses . SKIN CANCER AND SELF-EXAMS Sponsored content: melanomas are notoriously difficult to discover anddiagnose.
DERMATOPATHOLOGY TOPICSCHICKENPOX
Chickenpox is caused by primary infection with the varicella-zoster virus, of the Herpesviridae family.SYNOVIAL SARCOMA
Synovial sarcoma is usually an aggressive deep seated mass presenting around large joints (80% in knee and ankle) in young... CLEAR CELL FIBROUS PAPULE Clear cell fibrous papule is a rare variant of fibrous papule that has a clinical presentation identical to conventional fibrous...ERUPTIVE XANTHOMA
Eruptive xanthoma presents as crops of pink papules which are oftenpruritic.
JUVENILE XANTHOGRANULOMA Juvenile xanthogranuloma usually presents in younger individuals as smooth pink or yellow nodules. VERRUCOUS HAEMANGIOMA Verrucous haemangioma presents as blue-red, vascular papules, plaques or nodules, which later become warty in appearance.MYIASIS
Myiasis is infestation by the larvae of fly species within the arthropod order Diptera (the adult flies are two-winged). SYSTEMIC AMYLOIDOSIS Systemic amyloidosis caused by the buildup of amyloid in variousorgans.
LICHENOID DRUG ERUPTION Lichenoid drug reactions are induced by a medication or another exogenous source which can mimic other lichenoid dermatoses clinicallyand...
SCLEROSING LIPOGRANULOMA Sclerosing lipogranuloma usually presents as a painless or slightly tender, indurated mass on the penis, scrotum, spermatic cord andperineum.
GLOMERULOID HAEMANGIOMA Glomeruloid haemangioma is a rare benign cutaneous vascular proliferation that typically arises in patients with a history ofPOEMS syndrome.
SPLENOSIS
Splenosis may present in the skin following splenic trauma and subsequent spread of benign splenic tissue into surroundingstructures.
EPITHELIOID HAEMANGIOMA Epithelioid hemangioma is a benign vascular lesion of the skin or deeper structures (bone). CUTANEOUS LARVA MIGRANS Cutaneous larva migrans is a parasitic skin infection caused by helminth larvae that usually infest cats, dogs and other animals.MESOTHELIOMA
Mesothelioma is a malignant tumour arises from mesothelial lining of pleura, peritoneum, pericardium and tunica vaginalis — pleuralmesothelioma is...
CHICKENPOX
Chickenpox is caused by primary infection with the varicella-zoster virus, of the Herpesviridae family.SYNOVIAL SARCOMA
Synovial sarcoma is usually an aggressive deep seated mass presenting around large joints (80% in knee and ankle) in young... CLEAR CELL FIBROUS PAPULE Clear cell fibrous papule is a rare variant of fibrous papule that has a clinical presentation identical to conventional fibrous...ERUPTIVE XANTHOMA
Eruptive xanthoma presents as crops of pink papules which are oftenpruritic.
JUVENILE XANTHOGRANULOMA Juvenile xanthogranuloma usually presents in younger individuals as smooth pink or yellow nodules. VERRUCOUS HAEMANGIOMA Verrucous haemangioma presents as blue-red, vascular papules, plaques or nodules, which later become warty in appearance.MYIASIS
Myiasis is infestation by the larvae of fly species within the arthropod order Diptera (the adult flies are two-winged). SYSTEMIC AMYLOIDOSIS Systemic amyloidosis caused by the buildup of amyloid in variousorgans.
LICHENOID DRUG ERUPTION Lichenoid drug reactions are induced by a medication or another exogenous source which can mimic other lichenoid dermatoses clinicallyand...
SCLEROSING LIPOGRANULOMA Sclerosing lipogranuloma usually presents as a painless or slightly tender, indurated mass on the penis, scrotum, spermatic cord andperineum.
GLOMERULOID HAEMANGIOMA Glomeruloid haemangioma is a rare benign cutaneous vascular proliferation that typically arises in patients with a history ofPOEMS syndrome.
SPLENOSIS
Splenosis may present in the skin following splenic trauma and subsequent spread of benign splenic tissue into surroundingstructures.
EPITHELIOID HAEMANGIOMA Epithelioid hemangioma is a benign vascular lesion of the skin or deeper structures (bone). CUTANEOUS LARVA MIGRANS Cutaneous larva migrans is a parasitic skin infection caused by helminth larvae that usually infest cats, dogs and other animals.MESOTHELIOMA
Mesothelioma is a malignant tumour arises from mesothelial lining of pleura, peritoneum, pericardium and tunica vaginalis — pleuralmesothelioma is...
CHICKENPOX
Chickenpox is caused by primary infection with the varicella-zoster virus, of the Herpesviridae family.SYNOVIAL SARCOMA
Synovial sarcoma is usually an aggressive deep seated mass presenting around large joints (80% in knee and ankle) in young... CLEAR CELL FIBROUS PAPULE Clear cell fibrous papule is a rare variant of fibrous papule that has a clinical presentation identical to conventional fibrous... CHILDHOOD INFECTIONSVIRAL WARTS
A viral wart is a very common growth of the skin caused by infection with human papillomavirus (HPV).HEAD LICE
Head lice are small, wingless insects that infest the human scalp.SCABIES
Scabies is a very itchy rash caused by a parasitic mite that burrows in the skin surface. MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE Meningococcal disease is an illness caused by the bacteria Neisseriameningitidis.
MEASLES
Measles is a highly contagious viral infection causing fever and a rash. Early symptoms are like the common cold, with...CHICKENPOX
Chickenpox is a highly contagious viral infection that causes an acute fever and blistered rash, mainly in children.FIFTH DISEASE
Erythema infectiosum is a common childhood infection causing a slapped cheek appearance and a rash.PITYRIASIS ROSEA
Pityriasis rosea is a viral rash which lasts about 6–12 weeks. It is characterised by a herald patch followed by...IMPETIGO
Impetigo is a common acute superficial bacterial skin infection(pyoderma).
BOIL
A boil (also called a furuncle) is a deep form of bacterial folliculitis (infection of a hair follicle). HAND FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE Hand foot and mouth disease (HFM) is a common mild and short-lasting viral infection most often affecting young children. PAPULAR ACRODERMATITIS Papular acrodermatitis of childhood is a characteristic response of the skin to viral infection in which there is a papular... MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM Molluscum contagiosum is a common viral skin infection of childhood that causes localised clusters of epidermal papules called mollusca.VIRAL WARTS
A viral wart is a very common growth of the skin caused by infection with human papillomavirus (HPV).HEAD LICE
Head lice are small, wingless insects that infest the human scalp.SCABIES
Scabies is a very itchy rash caused by a parasitic mite that burrows in the skin surface. MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE Meningococcal disease is an illness caused by the bacteria Neisseriameningitidis.
MEASLES
Measles is a highly contagious viral infection causing fever and a rash. Early symptoms are like the common cold, with...CHICKENPOX
Chickenpox is a highly contagious viral infection that causes an acute fever and blistered rash, mainly in children.FIFTH DISEASE
Erythema infectiosum is a common childhood infection causing a slapped cheek appearance and a rash.PITYRIASIS ROSEA
Pityriasis rosea is a viral rash which lasts about 6–12 weeks. It is characterised by a herald patch followed by...IMPETIGO
Impetigo is a common acute superficial bacterial skin infection(pyoderma).
BOIL
A boil (also called a furuncle) is a deep form of bacterial folliculitis (infection of a hair follicle). HAND FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE Hand foot and mouth disease (HFM) is a common mild and short-lasting viral infection most often affecting young children. PAPULAR ACRODERMATITIS Papular acrodermatitis of childhood is a characteristic response of the skin to viral infection in which there is a papular... MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM Molluscum contagiosum is a common viral skin infection of childhood that causes localised clusters of epidermal papules called mollusca.VIRAL WARTS
A viral wart is a very common growth of the skin caused by infection with human papillomavirus (HPV).HEAD LICE
Head lice are small, wingless insects that infest the human scalp.SCABIES
Scabies is a very itchy rash caused by a parasitic mite that burrows in the skin surface. Slider: Childhood infections GUIDELINES FOR AUTHORS Are you interested in writing for us? DermNet New Zealand is always looking for potential authors to write on new topics. Potential authors interested in writing a new page are generally asked to write a topic page about a disease or condition, or a treatment, product orprocedure.
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