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AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: MILLISLE AND BALLYCOPELAND I have updated my web site with the transcription of Millisle and Ballycopeland Presbyterian Church: A Short History. This book was written in 1934 by the then minister, Rev Thomas Kilpatrick, and tells the story of the Presbyterian AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: STORIED HOMES OF ULSTER The estate of Caledon, or Kinard as it was anciently known, has changed hands more than once in the last three hundred years. The lands were granted, in 1605, to Sir Henry Oge O'Neill, and, later in the seventeenth century, Sir Phelim O'Neill, who held Co Tyrone against the English, had his headquarters there. When Charles II cameto the throne
AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: TEMPLEPATRICK GRAVEYARD Templepatrick Graveyard, Donaghadee, Co. Down. Last year I made a little visit to Templepatrick graveyard which is on the seaward side of the road from Donaghadee to Millisle. Although referred to as Templepatrick it is actually situated in the adjoining townland of Miller Hill. Map showing Miller Hill townland from c19th on OrdnanceSurvey
AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: HAMILTON ROAD PRESBYTERIAN The congregation has shown a steady increase in numbers and givings throughout the years. 57 families, in 1897, grew to 160 in 1910, and to 487 in 1947. The givings to Missions increased from £50 in 1897, to £567 in 1947. The members of the congregation have always been interested in Evangelistic work, and in Foreign Missions, and this is AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: POTATO BREAD 4. When the world became embroiled in the Great War of 1914-1919 the making of potato bread came under the scrutiny of the Government food agencies. These had contradictory results when in 1917 experiments in making potato bread were made by the governments in both Britain and France. In Britain, a loaf made of 10% potatoes, 20% maize flour and AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: THE FRENCH SETTLERS IN IRELAND The two brothers, Colonels Isaac and Hector Hamon, were the descendants of Hector Hamon, who fled to England from the persecutions of the Duke of Alva, and is described in the Cotton MS. as French minister of Rye, "minister verbi Dei," in 1569, and minister of Canterbury, in 1574. The De Meschincs recall the family of Hugh Lupus,Earl of
AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: CASTLEROBIN (CONT.) CASTLEROBIN, by R. R. Belshaw. Feb. 17, 1883. (Continued.) The second and last escape of the Earl of Antrim was one of thrilling interest -- a sort of miniature of the Royal fugitive. For the better security of the prisoner he was said to have been placed in charge of a "very godly officer" named Wallace, with whom was associated another called AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: FIFTY YEARS OF BELFAST LIFE The Unitarians had three churches in 1866, and have five now. The prominent minister of the body was the Rev. John Scott Porter, who was a man of high scholarship and culture, who represented what was best in the Arianism of his time. The Roman Catholics had five places of worship in 1866, and now they have eighteen. AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: BARTHOLOMEW TEELING. 1798. (PART 2) Luke Teeling, father of Bartholomew, was imprisoned for four yearn, first on board the Posilethwaite Tender, and afterwards at Belfast and Carrickfergus. He was a United Irishman and a prominent leader amongst his co-religionists. He appears to have suffered great privations, both in health and fortune, and was released early in 1802. AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: STORIED HOMES OF ULSTER Castlecoole. IN 1656 John Corry, a Belfast merchant, purchased Castlecoole from Henry Gilbert. For “eight hundred and sixtie pounds sterling" he bought the "castle, toune and lands" of Castlecoole. The deed set forth that there were:— ‘One Castle. one capitall messuage, 200 messuages, 200 cottages, two water mills, one Done(dower house
AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: MILLISLE AND BALLYCOPELAND I have updated my web site with the transcription of Millisle and Ballycopeland Presbyterian Church: A Short History. This book was written in 1934 by the then minister, Rev Thomas Kilpatrick, and tells the story of the Presbyterian AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: STORIED HOMES OF ULSTER The estate of Caledon, or Kinard as it was anciently known, has changed hands more than once in the last three hundred years. The lands were granted, in 1605, to Sir Henry Oge O'Neill, and, later in the seventeenth century, Sir Phelim O'Neill, who held Co Tyrone against the English, had his headquarters there. When Charles II cameto the throne
AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: TEMPLEPATRICK GRAVEYARD Templepatrick Graveyard, Donaghadee, Co. Down. Last year I made a little visit to Templepatrick graveyard which is on the seaward side of the road from Donaghadee to Millisle. Although referred to as Templepatrick it is actually situated in the adjoining townland of Miller Hill. Map showing Miller Hill townland from c19th on OrdnanceSurvey
AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: 2020 James married Ann, the daughter of James Crawford, of Crawfordsburn, and, wanting a house in keeping with his wealth and position, he commissioned Thos. Cooley to design the Palladian mansion that stands in that vast and beautiful 800 acres which comprise the Caledon lands. AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: WHAT THE MINUTES SAY We are but minutes, little things --Each one furnished with sixty wings, With which we fly on our unseen track; And not a minute evercomes back.
AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: STORIED HOMES OF ULSTER Antrim Castle. IN 1605, two years after the death of the first Elizabeth, a bawn was built where the ruins of Antrim Castle now stand. The castle itself was begun in 1610, and Hugh Clotworthy completed it in 1613. During the reign of the second Charles additionswere made by
AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: BARTHOLOMEW TEELING. 1798. (PART 2) Luke Teeling, father of Bartholomew, was imprisoned for four yearn, first on board the Posilethwaite Tender, and afterwards at Belfast and Carrickfergus. He was a United Irishman and a prominent leader amongst his co-religionists. He appears to have suffered great privations, both in health and fortune, and was released early in 1802. AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: THE ANGLO-NORMAN FAMILIES OF The Anglo-Norman Families of Lecale in the County of Down. In the month of February, 1177, Sir John de Courcy accompanied by his brother-in-law Sir Armoric St Lawrence, Sir Roger le Poer, twenty-two knights and 300 foot soldiers, and many of the AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: CASTLEROBIN (CONT.) CASTLEROBIN, by R. R. Belshaw. Feb. 17, 1883. (Continued.) The second and last escape of the Earl of Antrim was one of thrilling interest -- a sort of miniature of the Royal fugitive. For the better security of the prisoner he was said to have been placed in charge of a "very godly officer" named Wallace, with whom was associated another called AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: THE 'GENUINE RELICS' OF THE Trumpington Volunteer Training Corps, November 1915. Percy Robinson collection. Behind the roaring cannon, behind the flashing steel. The defenders of the Inner Line steady and constant kneel; Some bent, or grey, some crippled, some three AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: OCTOBER 2012 By the charter of Charles II. conferring the elective franchise, the inhabitants not being a body corporate, and consequently having no municipal officer, the seneschal of the manor of Kilultagh was appointed returning officer for the borough; and the right of election was vested in the inhabitants generally, every potwalloper being entitled to vote; but by an Act of the 35th of Geo. III., cap AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: MARCH 2011 W. M. Clow (Liberal), 2340. Mr. Craig was returned unopposed in December, 1910, and still represents the constituency. On the outbreak of the war he accepted a commission in the Royal Irish Rifles, attained the rank of captain, was wounded at the Somme July 1st 1916, taken prisoner, and is now a prisoner in Germany. AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: WARRENPOINT AND ROSTREVOR Abridged from The Newry Magazine for 1815. WARRENPOINT is, comparatively speaking, a new village. About sixty years ago (1755), it had only one house, which stood near the seashore, at a distance from the road, and which belonged to Mr. Christopher Aiken. At present, it has a very considerable number, and is improving everyyear.
AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: STORIED HOMES OF ULSTER Castlecoole IN 1656 John Corry, a Belfast merchant, purchased Castlecoole from Henry Gilbert. For “eight hundred and sixtie pounds sterling" he bought the "castle, toune and lands" of AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: TEMPLEPATRICK GRAVEYARD There appears to be no known history of the site and all traces of a church there have disappeared although a map of the area in Taylor & Skinners Maps of Ireland, 1777, shows church ruins there.There was reputedly a well on the seaward side of the graveyard known as St. Patrick's well and a tradition that St. Patrick once landed here. AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: MILLISLE AND BALLYCOPELAND I have updated my web site with the transcription of Millisle and Ballycopeland Presbyterian Church: A Short History. This book was written in 1934 by the then minister, Rev Thomas Kilpatrick, and tells the story of the Presbyterian AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: WHAT THE MINUTES SAY We are but minutes, little things -- Each one furnished with sixty wings, With which we fly on our unseen track; And not a minute ever AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: THE FRENCH SETTLERS IN IRELAND The Huguenot Colony of Portarlington (Continued from vol. 3, page 231) by Sir Erasmus D. Borrowes, Bart. "THE thousands that, unsung by praise, Have made an offering of their days, AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: POTATO BREAD 1. Saunders News Letter, Dublin 20th November 1782. 2. Ibid. 3. Dublin Evening Post, 2nd January 1796. 4. Ulster Gazette and Armagh Weekly Journal, 29th December 1855 AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: BISHOP JEREMY TAYLOR The name of Jeremy Taylor, son of a Cambridge hairdresser, will live with the language in which was written that brilliant series of Divinity he left to the world, but little, however, is known of the inner life of the famous Bishop of Down and Connor. AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: THE LINEN TRADE IN LISBURN (1913) At Hilden, on the River Lagan, about seven miles south of Belfast, and close to Lisburn, on the line of the Great Northern Railway Company, stands one of the most interesting village industrial communities in the United Kingdom; for it is here that are AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: MARCH 2011 Mr. Craig was returned unopposed in December, 1910, and still represents the constituency. On the outbreak of the war he accepted a commission in the Royal Irish Rifles, attained the rank of captain, was wounded at the Somme July 1st 1916, taken prisoner, and is now a prisoner in Germany. AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: FIFTY YEARS OF BELFAST LIFE By "THE MAN IN THE STREET." III. Last week I took note of the ministers of Belfast as I remember them fifty years ago and for someyears afterwards.
AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: STORIED HOMES OF ULSTER Castlecoole IN 1656 John Corry, a Belfast merchant, purchased Castlecoole from Henry Gilbert. For “eight hundred and sixtie pounds sterling" he bought the "castle, toune and lands" of AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: TEMPLEPATRICK GRAVEYARD There appears to be no known history of the site and all traces of a church there have disappeared although a map of the area in Taylor & Skinners Maps of Ireland, 1777, shows church ruins there.There was reputedly a well on the seaward side of the graveyard known as St. Patrick's well and a tradition that St. Patrick once landed here. AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: MILLISLE AND BALLYCOPELAND I have updated my web site with the transcription of Millisle and Ballycopeland Presbyterian Church: A Short History. This book was written in 1934 by the then minister, Rev Thomas Kilpatrick, and tells the story of the Presbyterian AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: WHAT THE MINUTES SAY We are but minutes, little things -- Each one furnished with sixty wings, With which we fly on our unseen track; And not a minute ever AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: THE FRENCH SETTLERS IN IRELAND The Huguenot Colony of Portarlington (Continued from vol. 3, page 231) by Sir Erasmus D. Borrowes, Bart. "THE thousands that, unsung by praise, Have made an offering of their days, AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: POTATO BREAD 1. Saunders News Letter, Dublin 20th November 1782. 2. Ibid. 3. Dublin Evening Post, 2nd January 1796. 4. Ulster Gazette and Armagh Weekly Journal, 29th December 1855 AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: BISHOP JEREMY TAYLOR The name of Jeremy Taylor, son of a Cambridge hairdresser, will live with the language in which was written that brilliant series of Divinity he left to the world, but little, however, is known of the inner life of the famous Bishop of Down and Connor. AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: THE LINEN TRADE IN LISBURN (1913) At Hilden, on the River Lagan, about seven miles south of Belfast, and close to Lisburn, on the line of the Great Northern Railway Company, stands one of the most interesting village industrial communities in the United Kingdom; for it is here that are AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: MARCH 2011 Mr. Craig was returned unopposed in December, 1910, and still represents the constituency. On the outbreak of the war he accepted a commission in the Royal Irish Rifles, attained the rank of captain, was wounded at the Somme July 1st 1916, taken prisoner, and is now a prisoner in Germany. AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: FIFTY YEARS OF BELFAST LIFE By "THE MAN IN THE STREET." III. Last week I took note of the ministers of Belfast as I remember them fifty years ago and for someyears afterwards.
AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION The Old Museum, Belfast. A glance back to the time when Belfast’s museum was founded. ONE of the objects of the Belfast Reading Society, established in 1788, was the formation of “collections of nature andart."
AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: STORIED HOMES OF ULSTER Bank of Ireland, Armagh. Site of St. Patrick's first church, legend says ARMAGH has so many beautiful examples of Georgian architecture, both in the city itself and in the surrounding countryside, that it is difficult to select the most outstanding. AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: WHAT THE MINUTES SAY We are but minutes, little things -- Each one furnished with sixty wings, With which we fly on our unseen track; And not a minute ever AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: KILWARLIN AND HILLSBOROUGH, 1866. This little volume of 32 pages was published in Liverpool, and the cost of publication defrayed by the Downshire family. It is set forth that it was "Privately printed, for presentation only," and the author signs himself "A Former Resident."' AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: STORIED HOMES OF ULSTER Caledon House, Co. Tyrone. Ulster’s richest ‘Nabob’ purchased this estate In 1772, three years before the Americans began their War of Independence, there returned from India the richest “nabob” that Ulster has known, James Alexander. AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: THE 'GENUINE RELICS' OF THE In 1916 the VTC became part of the County Infantry Regiment system as Volunteer Battalions of their local regiment. The introduction of conscription in 1916 gave Military Service Tribunals the power to order men to join the VTC and the Volunteer Act AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: FIFTY YEARS OF BELFAST LIFE By "THE MAN IN THE STREET." III. Last week I took note of the ministers of Belfast as I remember them fifty years ago and for someyears afterwards.
AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: OCTOBER 2012 By the charter of Charles II. conferring the elective franchise, the inhabitants not being a body corporate, and consequently having no municipal officer, the seneschal of the manor of Kilultagh was appointed returning officer for the borough; and the right of election was vested in the inhabitants generally, every potwalloper being entitled to vote; but by an Act of the 35th of Geo. III., cap AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: FIFTY YEARS OF BELFAST LIFE By "THE MAN IN THE STREET." IV. If the Presbyterian Church in Belfast has grown in the last half century, so have the other Evangelical Churches, and the Roman Catholics as well. AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: EMPRESS OF IRELAND In the House of Commons at Ottawa on Saturday Mr. Borden, the Premier, read messages of condolence with the families of those who were lost in the wreck of the Empress of Ireland from the King and Queen, Queen Alexandra, the Duke of Connaught, AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION Outside the kitchen door is a brick oven, complete with flue, where once the bread for the household was baked. At the time of the 1641 rebellion, Hockley Lodge was occupied by a daughter of John Dillon. As she was married to a man of native extraction, she remained safe from harm when the county was a battleground. AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: STORIED HOMES OF ULSTER Castlecoole. IN 1656 John Corry, a Belfast merchant, purchased Castlecoole from Henry Gilbert. For “eight hundred and sixtie pounds sterling" he bought the "castle, toune and lands" of Castlecoole. The deed set forth that there were:— ‘One Castle. one capitall messuage, 200 messuages, 200 cottages, two water mills, one Done(dower house
AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: MILLISLE AND BALLYCOPELAND I have updated my web site with the transcription of Millisle and Ballycopeland Presbyterian Church: A Short History. This book was written in 1934 by the then minister, Rev Thomas Kilpatrick, and tells the story of the Presbyterian AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: POTATO BREAD 4. When the world became embroiled in the Great War of 1914-1919 the making of potato bread came under the scrutiny of the Government food agencies. These had contradictory results when in 1917 experiments in making potato bread were made by the governments in both Britain and France. In Britain, a loaf made of 10% potatoes, 20% maize flour and AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: TEMPLEPATRICK GRAVEYARD Templepatrick Graveyard, Donaghadee, Co. Down. Last year I made a little visit to Templepatrick graveyard which is on the seaward side of the road from Donaghadee to Millisle. Although referred to as Templepatrick it is actually situated in the adjoining townland of Miller Hill. Map showing Miller Hill townland from c19th on OrdnanceSurvey
AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: BISHOP JEREMY TAYLOR The name of Jeremy Taylor, son of a Cambridge hairdresser, will live with the language in which was written that brilliant series of Divinity he left to the world, but little, however, is known of the inner life of the famous Bishop of Down and Connor. AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: THE LINEN TRADE IN LISBURN (1913) March 17th, 1913.) At Hilden, on the River Lagan, about seven miles south of Belfast, and close to Lisburn, on the line of the Great Northern Railway Company, stands one of the most interesting village industrial communities in the United Kingdom; for it AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: MARCH 2011 W. M. Clow (Liberal), 2340. Mr. Craig was returned unopposed in December, 1910, and still represents the constituency. On the outbreak of the war he accepted a commission in the Royal Irish Rifles, attained the rank of captain, was wounded at the Somme July 1st 1916, taken prisoner, and is now a prisoner in Germany. AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: FIFTY YEARS OF BELFAST LIFE The Unitarians had three churches in 1866, and have five now. The prominent minister of the body was the Rev. John Scott Porter, who was a man of high scholarship and culture, who represented what was best in the Arianism of his time. The Roman Catholics had five places of worship in 1866, and now they have eighteen. AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: EMPRESS OF IRELAND The steamer Glendele, under charter by the Dominion Coal Company, as was the Storstad grounded on Saturday near Father Point. She floated on the succeeding tide. Montreal, Monday. -- A despatch from Father Point reports that the Grampian has AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION Outside the kitchen door is a brick oven, complete with flue, where once the bread for the household was baked. At the time of the 1641 rebellion, Hockley Lodge was occupied by a daughter of John Dillon. As she was married to a man of native extraction, she remained safe from harm when the county was a battleground. AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: STORIED HOMES OF ULSTER Castlecoole. IN 1656 John Corry, a Belfast merchant, purchased Castlecoole from Henry Gilbert. For “eight hundred and sixtie pounds sterling" he bought the "castle, toune and lands" of Castlecoole. The deed set forth that there were:— ‘One Castle. one capitall messuage, 200 messuages, 200 cottages, two water mills, one Done(dower house
AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: MILLISLE AND BALLYCOPELAND I have updated my web site with the transcription of Millisle and Ballycopeland Presbyterian Church: A Short History. This book was written in 1934 by the then minister, Rev Thomas Kilpatrick, and tells the story of the Presbyterian AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: POTATO BREAD 4. When the world became embroiled in the Great War of 1914-1919 the making of potato bread came under the scrutiny of the Government food agencies. These had contradictory results when in 1917 experiments in making potato bread were made by the governments in both Britain and France. In Britain, a loaf made of 10% potatoes, 20% maize flour and AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: TEMPLEPATRICK GRAVEYARD Templepatrick Graveyard, Donaghadee, Co. Down. Last year I made a little visit to Templepatrick graveyard which is on the seaward side of the road from Donaghadee to Millisle. Although referred to as Templepatrick it is actually situated in the adjoining townland of Miller Hill. Map showing Miller Hill townland from c19th on OrdnanceSurvey
AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: BISHOP JEREMY TAYLOR The name of Jeremy Taylor, son of a Cambridge hairdresser, will live with the language in which was written that brilliant series of Divinity he left to the world, but little, however, is known of the inner life of the famous Bishop of Down and Connor. AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: THE LINEN TRADE IN LISBURN (1913) March 17th, 1913.) At Hilden, on the River Lagan, about seven miles south of Belfast, and close to Lisburn, on the line of the Great Northern Railway Company, stands one of the most interesting village industrial communities in the United Kingdom; for it AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: MARCH 2011 W. M. Clow (Liberal), 2340. Mr. Craig was returned unopposed in December, 1910, and still represents the constituency. On the outbreak of the war he accepted a commission in the Royal Irish Rifles, attained the rank of captain, was wounded at the Somme July 1st 1916, taken prisoner, and is now a prisoner in Germany. AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: FIFTY YEARS OF BELFAST LIFE The Unitarians had three churches in 1866, and have five now. The prominent minister of the body was the Rev. John Scott Porter, who was a man of high scholarship and culture, who represented what was best in the Arianism of his time. The Roman Catholics had five places of worship in 1866, and now they have eighteen. AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: EMPRESS OF IRELAND The steamer Glendele, under charter by the Dominion Coal Company, as was the Storstad grounded on Saturday near Father Point. She floated on the succeeding tide. Montreal, Monday. -- A despatch from Father Point reports that the Grampian has AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION Outside the kitchen door is a brick oven, complete with flue, where once the bread for the household was baked. At the time of the 1641 rebellion, Hockley Lodge was occupied by a daughter of John Dillon. As she was married to a man of native extraction, she remained safe from harm when the county was a battleground. AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: 2020 James married Ann, the daughter of James Crawford, of Crawfordsburn, and, wanting a house in keeping with his wealth and position, he commissioned Thos. Cooley to design the Palladian mansion that stands in that vast and beautiful 800 acres which comprise the Caledon lands. AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: STORIED HOMES OF ULSTER The serenity of the plain white front is offset by the richness of a charmingly curved handrail, and the delicate tracery of the lamp standards that flank the gate. The house, completed about 1812, is attributed to the architect Francis Johnson. It was AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: TEMPLEPATRICK GRAVEYARD Templepatrick Graveyard, Donaghadee, Co. Down. Last year I made a little visit to Templepatrick graveyard which is on the seaward side of the road from Donaghadee to Millisle. Although referred to as Templepatrick it is actually situated in the adjoining townland of Miller Hill. Map showing Miller Hill townland from c19th on OrdnanceSurvey
AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: THE FRENCH SETTLERS IN IRELAND The two brothers, Colonels Isaac and Hector Hamon, were the descendants of Hector Hamon, who fled to England from the persecutions of the Duke of Alva, and is described in the Cotton MS. as French minister of Rye, "minister verbi Dei," in 1569, and minister of Canterbury, in 1574. The De Meschincs recall the family of Hugh Lupus,Earl of
AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: CASTLEROBIN (CONT.) The second and last escape of the Earl of Antrim was one of thrilling interest -- a sort of miniature of the Royal fugitive. For the better security of the prisoner he was said to have been placed in charge of a "very godly officer" named Wallace, with whom was associated another called Gordon, who, it seems, though not so "truly Christian," was more obliging to the Earl in the way of planning AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: OCTOBER 2012 By the charter of Charles II. conferring the elective franchise, the inhabitants not being a body corporate, and consequently having no municipal officer, the seneschal of the manor of Kilultagh was appointed returning officer for the borough; and the right of election was vested in the inhabitants generally, every potwalloper being entitled to vote; but by an Act of the 35th of Geo. III., cap AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: BITS OF OLD NEWRY Bits of Old Newry. THIS ancient sundial is to be seen in the "Old Meeting-house Green," High Street, formerly the site of the First Presbyterian Church, Newry, and now the Unitarian Cemetery. The inscription on it reads thus:-- "The gift of ROBERT WALLACE of Newry AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: BARTHOLOMEW TEELING. 1798. (PART 2) Luke Teeling, father of Bartholomew, was imprisoned for four yearn, first on board the Posilethwaite Tender, and afterwards at Belfast and Carrickfergus. He was a United Irishman and a prominent leader amongst his co-religionists. He appears to have suffered great privations, both in health and fortune, and was released early in 1802. AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION: FIFTY YEARS OF BELFAST LIFE Fisherwick is no unworthy successor of Fisherwick Place. If the shade wanted to find some reminiscence of old Donegall Street he would have to wander up to Cliftonville, where he would find the Rev. A. F. Moody, an able preacher and pastor, and learn that the Rev. Dr. Magill, immediate successor of the Rev. Isaac Nelson, is still alive,and
AN EXTRACT OF REFLECTION The meanderings of a muddled mind WEDNESDAY, 18 SEPTEMBER 2019PARTING
Oh! sad is the hour – and ah! sad is each heart:– And sad is the lovliest prospect to view; When lovers so tender reluctantly part, And pensively sigh out the lengthen'd – adieu! Dear! dear is the kiss! – ah! how dear the embrace! Their hearts cling together in unison sweet; What tender solicitude speaks in each face! What impatience again to be happy! to meet! Behold the fond couple – now part – now unite! – Behold the fond bosom – that labours with love! – Behold the emotions that _us'd_ to delight: – Ah! see the sweet passion with anguish improve. Yet – yet – _once_ again – they take leave of each charm: Time leans on his scythe, and surveys them with pain! Then flaps his old wings: – love takes the alarm, And – parting – they _hope_ to be happy again! Poem for _Belfast Commercial Chronicle,_ 2 March 1805. Authorunknown.
Image: Crop from _The Parting of Robert Burns and Highland Mary_ byJames Archer
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MONDAY, 2 SEPTEMBER 2019 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF THE EARL OF MOIRA (1805) Among the public men of our own times, there is not perhaps an individual who bears a more striking resemblance to the feudal chieftain, than Francis Lord Rawdon, Earl of Moira. In tracing his career from his birth to the present day of his eminence and renown, we shall, most probably, be led to remark the strong resemblance which we have supposed to exist between his character and that of men who were distinguished for all that is illustrious and praise-worthy. Earl Moira is sprung from a family which has been known in Yorkshire since about the period of the conquest. His ancestors migrated to Ireland during the last century; and from that country his family held its titles, until the present Earl obtained a British peerage. Sir John Rawdon, Baronet, his father, was, in 1750, created a peer, by the title of the Baron of Moira, and, in 1701, obtained the further honour of Earl of Moira, in the county of Down, with remainder to his heirs male. The present Earl of Moira is the eldest of six sons: these, with four daughter's, his father had by his third wife, Lady Elizabeth Hastings, sister to the late Earl of Huntingdon. His Lordship was born on the 7th of December 1754. It may not be impertinent to remark, that, very early in life, Earl Moira (then Lord Rawdon) exhibited some of those traits of character which have distinguished his future life. Several anecdotes are related of him, which evince an early attachment to military pursuits, and an ardour of mind peculiarly tinctured with the enthusiasm of a daring soldier. When only a boy of 10 years of age, he was wounded in the leg by the bursting of a small brass cannon, with which he was battering an old folio volume. He was then accustomed to repeat, with all the fervor of generous youth, the following expressions of Zanga, when about to be tortured, and seemed to contemplate, with unspeakable satisfaction, every instance of heroic enterprise, and unshakenconstancy of mind.
> " The blood will follow where the knife is driven, > " The flesh will quiver where the pincers tear, > " And sighs and groans by nature grow on pain; > " But these are foreign to the soul: not mine > " The groans that issue, or the tears that fall; > " They disobey me. – On the rack I'll scorn thee, > " As when my faulchion clove thy helm in battle." In addition to the improvement which his native country afforded, he visited the European nations that are celebrated for the refinement of their manners, or perfection in the arts of life: Thus animated, thus instructed, and thus polished, he entered upon the active business of life, and, at the age of 17, he, in September 1771, obtained an ensigncy in the 15th regiment of foot. He afterwards entered the 5th regiment of foot, in which he was a lieutenant of grenadiers: and in this corps he was among those who were destined to act against theAmericans.
When we see a passion for military enterprize agitating a soul, in other respects endowed with the highest excellencies of our nature, we cannot fail to deplore the unfortunate co-operation of such means of mischief. We cannot persuade ourselves, that, in the instance of Lord Rawdon, we have not occasion to lament that he was stimulated by a thirst for military fame. His case furnishes a striking example of the influence of the _military trade_, in perverting the mind from the steady contemplation of what is correct and genuine in morality. Indeed, we could have wished to have seen the name of Rawdon enrolled in the list of those patriots who reared the hallowed fabric of American independence. An Alexander, a Caesar, and a Bonaparte, may be remembered, to the end of time, as the splendid destroyers of their race; but the fame of Wallace, and of Tell, of Kozciusko; and of Washington, will be imperishably recorded on every heart which beats with exultation at the triumphs of freedom, or sympathizes with the wrongs of the oppressed. He partook, however, in all the dangers and vicissitudes of the war, and fought at Bunker's-hill, where he was one of seven, in the company of grenadiers with whom he went to the battle, who escaped from its ravages: His cap was shot through twice in this battle. He afterwards obtained a higher command, and acquired considerable reputation for skill and discretion in the lottery of war. So great indeed was his success, and so rapid his promotion, that, before he had completed his 24th year, he held the rank of colonel, and was appointed adjutant-general to the British forces under the command of General Clinton. He was entrusted with the conduct of various hazardous enterprises; and, in the separate command of which he was judged worthy, he displayed the wisdom of a veteran, and the consummate intrepidity of heroism. The fatigues of war, and the heat of the climate had made an impression upon his constitution, and rendered it necessary that he should revisit England, for the restoration of his health. While labouring under the pressure of indisposition, a march which had been planned was countermanded, on account of his illness; but so keen was the ardour of his mind, that he gave new orders for it, when he had recovered from a swoon into which he had fallen. While on this march, he gave his orders from a cart, in which he was obliged to be carried. On the passage from America to Britain, the ship in which he had taken his passage was captured by a French man of war, and he was carried into Brest. He, however, at length reached England, and his services were much applauded. In November, 1782, his Lordship was promoted to the rank of Colonel, and to the command of the 105th regiment of foot, and was also nominated _aid-de-camp_ to the King. On the 5th of March 1783, he was created an English peer, by the title of Lord Rawdon, of Rawdon, in the county of York. Thus honoured and rewarded for his exertions, his Lordship retired, for a season, from the bustle ofpublic life.
During the long interval which occurred between the close of the American war and the commencement of the French Revolution, the name of Load Rawdon makes little figure in our public records. His time seems to have been passed in the enjoyment of private tranquillity, and the practice of the peaceful virtues. One eminent proof at least appears of the enlightened benevolence of his nature. The laws for the imprisonment of debtors, as they prevail in England, are of equivocal excellence. Various expedients had at different times been adopted for remedying this evil: one of these was an exertion of royal clemency, called an act of grace. Upon the accession of a king to the throne, or on any other occasion of public joy, it was common to release the prisoners from their bondage. There was another mode of effecting this, by what is called the Lords' act, which is a sort of perpetual law provided for compounding the affairs of debtors, whose debts do not exceed 100/. This limitation was extended, in the year 1785, to the sum of 200/. The prisons have also been, at different times emptied, by insolvent acts, when the measure was supposed to be absolutely necessary. One of these instances was occasioned by the riots in 1780, and another was attempted to be brought in the year 1783. The bill passed the Commons, but was rejected by the Lords. Similar attempts were made, with similar success, in the years 1784, 1785, and 1786. A bill was, in the year 1787, brought into parliament, and, on the 22d May, came to be read a second time in the house of Lords. It was supported by the Duke of Norfolk, who stated, that there were above three thousand debtors confined in the different prisons of England. Lord Rawdon stood up the champion of the unfortunate: He detailed the modes which had been resorted to, at different periods of the history of England, for compelling the payment of debt. Originally, it appeared, an individual was deemed so valuable to his family, and the public, that, when his property was seized, his agricultural implements were exempted from attachment. After various other stages, the system advanced, in the reign of Charles II, to the mode _now_ in use, of detaining a debtor's person in confinement for an uncertain period. The bill was keenly opposed by Lord Thurlow; and Lord Rawdon's exertions were rendered ineffectual for a season. He again, in 1792, made another attempt; but, as the bill came before the Lords at a late period of the session, it was withdrawn, at the request of the Law Lords, who wished it to be fully considered. On the 7th of March 1793, he again brought the business before the House of Lords but to little purpose; for, upon the 18th ot that month, the Lord Chancellor made a motion, which was carried, that the matter should be remitted to the consideration of the Law Lords, by whom a bill should be framed, and brought in to the succeeding session of parliament, for remedying the defects of the law. These repeated discomfitures, however, did not diminish the perseverance of his Lordship; and his incessant application to Parliament on this subject affords the most satisfactory manifestations of his disposition. From the _Belfast Commercial Chronicle_, 25th February 1805 Posted by an extract of reflectionat Monday,
September 02, 2019
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WEDNESDAY, 10 JULY 2019 BELFAST IN THE 1830S... _In the _Belfast Telegraph _of 14 July 1980, a letter appeared castigating columnist Billy Simpson for an article he had recently written for his weekly column in which he outlined an imaginary visit by a country boy to the Belfast of the 1830s. Between them, they do give a brief but interesting insight into the place and characters of the time. Here is that letter with the original article below..._ BELFAST IN THE 1830S I AM a great admirer of your columnist Billy Simpson. His weekly article is one of the highlights of the Telegraph. His humour is always original, droll, spontaneous and funny. But on reading his article on Belfast in the 1830s, there are so many vague generalities in it, which are open to question, that I have reached the conclusion that Billy has added a subtle touch of his humour — that he is pulling our legs and laughing at us for treating him seriously.GROWING
The dirty evil-smelling Belfast, with its ignorance, darkness and harlotry, was — if it existed at all — only a tiny part of the growing town. Years before that, Michael Atkins — proprietor of the Rosemary Street Theatre — described Belfast as the Athens of the North! Not only did he bring the greatest actress of that time, Mrs. Sarah Siddons, to his Rosemary Street Theatre but, shortly before 1830, he brought her back to the Theatre Royal. The only Belfast women that Billy could find in 1830 were painted prostitutes plying their trade everywhere. But the town had also ladies like Mrs. McTier and I think Billy should consult her many letters that are still preserved. Mary Anne McCracken, a saintly woman, lived in Rosemary Street in 1830, and many of the things she wrote are still with us. He did not mention the practical Christian work that Mary Ann McCracken and other women from the First, Second and Third Presbyterian congregations in Rosemary street — did in Clifton House, then as now, the home of the Belfast Charitable Society.FESTIVALS
It amazes me that Billy did not direct the country boy to one of the many Harpers' festivals held in Waring Street, or to one of the two theatres in Smithfield, where there also circuses, fun fairs and singing public houses. S. M. Elliott, a Ballymacarrett writer of the last century, records that at night there was a gay Bohemian atmosphere in Smithfield Square. Presbyterianism in Belfast in 1830 is summed up by Billy in a narrow-minded quotation from a dim-witted devine who was opposed to railways operating on Sunday. But this gives a false, and indeed an offensive, picture of Presbyterians then in the 1830s, they were doing much to educate children in Belfast, they were concerned with morals, with the teaching of the Scriptures and many of them tried sincerely to be practical Christians. As well as this they were only 30 years away from the finest hour in their history. In 1798, hundreds of Belfast Presbyterians fought and many died to try and establish more liberty and better justice for allin this country.
People were better educated in 1830 than Billy Simpson suggests. The National Schools had not arrived but there were many church schools. There was a Society for Promoting Knowledge that still lives in the Lurenhall Library. There were also public schools some of which still survive. Does Billy not know how Academy Street got its name? I think he should visit the old and historic First Presbyterian Church in Rosemary Street some time. It has been then since the mid 18th century. In it there are memorials to many Belfast folk who lived in our town around 1830. If he studies the inscriptions on some of them, I feel sure he will realise that, in his article he has been unfair and ungenerous to his ancestors. LOUIS GILBERT, Islandmagee. ------------------------- _Here is Billy Simpson's original article from the _Belfast Telegraph_, 18 June 1980._ BILLY SIMPSON GOES BACK IN TIME TO 1830 AND TELLS OF THE SIGHTS AND SOUNDS A SPIRITED COUNTRY BOY WOULD HAVE MET ON HIS FIRST VISIT TO THECITY.
ONE HUNDRED and fifty years ago, before the great famine and the industrial revolution combined to create the urban explosion just a few years on, the "city" of Belfast had a population of around 30,000. The small farm was still the backbone of the economy and provided the livelihood for most people whether squire, tenant farmer or labourer. Around 30 pc of all families still lived in one-room cottages. There were no railways, although construction of a line between Belfast and Lisburn had already begun. Roads were narrow, rough dirt tracks. The well-to-do could travel by stagecoach. The poor walked. Although indeed few people travelled more than a few miles from their home throughout their lives. Places that could not be reached on foot, and returned from on the same day, were not likely to be visited by the rural citizen. It was a darker world by night, brightened only by the candle or oil lamp. A handful of gas lamps had begun to appear along the cobbled streets of Belfast, but if an aircraft could have flown over the Ireland of the 1830s at night the pilot could have been unaware that there was land below at all. The forest of jewelled lights we see today from theair did not exist.
Few people could reed or write. The National schools had yet to be set up although there were some schools in existence teaching the children of the poor their letters and numbers Laws were harsh. Theft of a shawl could lead to seven years deportation to Australia. Assaulting a man to steal sixpence could lead to the gallows. The wounds of the '98 rising were still fresh. Sectarianism reared its head at times and in the interests of peace the Government had on occasion to ban Orange marches. Robbers and footpads stalked the highways and travellers armed themselves as well as finances allowed. For the well-to-do there was the pistol and sword. For the coachman, a blunderbus — and for the poor man, a stout staff or club sufficed. It was the age before petrochemicals changed forever the taste of the air we breath. The world did not smell any better, but it was different. There area little plumbing. The larger towns held some water supplies in dams but spring water or the village pump was the only source of drinking water available to most people. A spirited country lad who managed to gather together a few shillings would inevitably be tempted to make the long journey to the city, his curiosity aroused by tales of gigantic buildings and ships with masts taller than a high hill. Of mills powered by steam engines. Of shops and stalls filled with an endless variety of mysterious things. Of the Glasgow steamer that brought secondhand clothes twice a week to the markets for sale. Of women who painted their faces like the wild Indians of the Americas. Of rogues and dandies and golden carriages. Before leaving home he would breakfast on thick porridge washed down by sweetmilk. Tea was an unheard of luxury indulged in only by the rich since it cost between three shillings and 12 shillings a pound and had to be brought from the Orient His mother would wrap a soda for him to take to eat on the way and warn him not to talk to strangers or drink city water which could be poisonous to a lad raised on clean spring water. His father would smile and warn him to stay away from the wild city woman and keep his money close to his skin where be could always feel it. The lad would perhaps walk some miles, get a lift part of the way on a passing farm cart and finally reach the hills above the city where he would catch his first sight of the blue ocean and the clutter of streets hugging the river and the lough shone partly hidden in a hazeof chimney smoke.
Walking down through the outskirts he would meet more and more people; and probably make the countryman's common error of trying to have a friendly word for each of them, only giving up when the numbers grew too many, and his "That's a brave day" greeting was ignored too often, or when he was frightened off by the rapid jabber of an alien scent that left him baffled. Nearer the centre of town he would possibly be overpowered by the evil smells of the place. And would once or twice have had to step smartly to avoid being doused by slops thrown from an upstairs window into the street. The noises and the constant shouting would unnerve him. The clattering wagons on the cobbles and the neighing of hundreds ofhorses.
When he got to the wide avenue of Hercules Street (now Royal Avenue) the air would be rancid. It was a street of butchers and fishmongers. The entrails and waste of a thousand dead animals would lie behind the shops in steaming piles. Flies hovered over the piles like clouds and some crawling through the eye sockets of decaying skulls. Escaping from the jostle and the throat-clutching aromas of the street of butchers, he might wander to the docks to breath fresher air fromthe sea.
Here the jostle would be almost as bad. Tail sailing ships from exotic ports would be in the process of being loaded or unloaded. Piles of tanned cowhides would sit high on the wharf waiting for export as chests of tea, coffee and tobacco were lowered ashore in nets by acrane mast.
The city men working the docks seemed incredibly small and frail for such heavy work, belying the wiry toughness under the dirty shirts. A more rugged breed seemed the sailormen on the decks. Some, he would note, wore rings in their ears and, more shocking still, some were noteven white men.
It was here that he met the painted women he heard of. One or two smiled and jabbered at him in their incredibly fast speech that continued to mystify him but the implication of the invitation was difficult to misunderstand in any language and he hurried off red-faced, automatically checking that his money was still there. On a quieter street he noticed for the first time the lamp at the roadside. He want over and sniffed the strange odour and decided that they were unhealthy things and destined eventually to poison the inhabitants. At the same time he wished it was dark so that he couldsee one lit up.
Back on the wider avenues the market stallholders were shouting their wares. The odd drunken scut staggered out of an ale house and wandered off talking to himself. There was a crowd at a corner surrounding a hell-fire Presbyterian preacher calling the Lord's wrath to descend on the Ulster Railway Company for planning to run trains on a Sunday when the new steam engine began operating between Lisburn and Belfast next year. "I would rather join a company for theft and murder than the Ulster Railway Company because its business is sending souls to hell at the rate of sixpence apiece. Every sound of a railway whistle is answered by a shout in hell," he bellowed. Some of tha crowd shouted "Hallelujah." Some of them shouted other things. A man with ale on his breath started shoving and a scuffle developed until someone shouted "It's the Peelers." The young man hadn't seen a Peeler before and stayed where he was while part of thecrowd disappeared.
The constable was a tail, serious-faced individual in a blue frock coat with bright buttons. Closer to, the youth realised it was the tall hat that made him seem larger than he was. The constable walked through the throng in the firm and obviously correct, belief that his mere presence would quieten tempers. Admiring his strut, the young man thought such a personage would be a highly decorative addition to his neighbouring village and regretted that the local folk had voted against having Peelers in the area since it would reflect on the honesty of the people of the district. Back in the markets the hawkers, peddlers, water carriers, fish merchants, egg wives and wagoners kept up their cries and the young man struggled through the crowds to enter an ale house where he paid his 2d for a jug of Kane's Beer, brewed nearby in North Street. Here he would over hear yarns of varying degrees of veracity. A sailorman might tell of seeing a sea serpent two miles long from bow to stern and someone recently back from America would tell of a newly-invented cart that loaded itself with scoops attached to the wheels. "It can do the work of 20 men and will take all our jobs if we allow them in here." Another man complained about the new gas lamps being against nature since God had specifically made an endless supply of whales in the sea to provide oil for lamps. Outside again the young man wandered through the streets for hours. Tay Lane, Clabber Lones, Cripple Row, Leggs Lane and through the rich Georgian street called Linenhall (now Donegall Place). A street crier for the Dublin stagecoach company shouted the virtues of this wonderful mode of transport guaranteed to get to Dublin in just 14 hours — and for the ridiculously cheap price of only £1 16s3d.
The young man wondered who on God's earth had £1 16s 3d. to spend on anything — never mind throwing it away on a tedious journey to another city. Having seen one city he had begun to appreciate the virtues of the farm. By nightfall he would stand for some time watching the gas lamps being lit before finding lodgings for the night and a warm supper. He would not buy anything until he was starting home tomorrow. A few small shillings would be easier to guard from suspicious looking strangers than the few gifts he would purchase. Posted by an extract of reflectionat Wednesday,
July 10, 2019
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WEDNESDAY, 15 MAY 2019 WHO WILL BE THE HEROES THEN? When this old world, her task has done, When shines no more yon setting sun, When trumpet blast calls forth all men, Say, – who will be the heroes then? The men who walked through seas of blood, Rode o'er the hearts that bled — rough shod, With sword unsheathed and eyes aflame, Athirst for vengeance and for fame? Or he who sails from shore to shore, And distant foreign lands explore, His name be heard on every tongue, His praise by all the world be sung? Ah no! Methinks when Heaven is won, The man who'll hear the glad “well done," Is he who fought another fight, The battle cry — "For truth and right.” Who conquers self, and passions strong, And through his life may hear along The scars of conflicts; victories gained And nobler heights his soul attained. Though sad his heart and pressed with care, His lot in life be hard to bear, With smiling lips he hides the pain That other hearts some joy might gain. The world may ne’er his name have heard, Its fortune and its fame unshared, Forgotten here his deeds of love — Methinks they’re written up above. And when, at last; all must appear, Their sentence spoken loud and clear, In foremost ranks of the hero band, This nameless soul shall ever stand.IVY. Londonderry.
Poem: _The Witness,_ 16th May 1919 Image: _No Man's Land_ by Maurice Galbraith Cullen Posted by an extract of reflectionat Wednesday,
May 15, 2019
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WEDNESDAY, 17 APRIL 2019EASTERTIDE
Amidst the varied scenes through which we trace The lot wherein our passing years are cast, Time keeps unchanged each sacred resting-place That marks life's pathway with familiar grace, And ever links the present to the past. Again we see the hallowed dawn arise, Around whose advent purest thoughts abide, For Faith still lingers to immortalise The theme of Love Divine, whose sacrifice Won for the world its first glad Eastertide. To-day, when lights of glorious promise shine O'er all our unforgotten paths of pain. We turn, oh Easter, to thy tranquil shrine, And, weaving there our mem'ries into thine, We cannot plead thy ministry in vain. For thou unto our waiting souls dost bring The sympathy that calls all care aside, And bids us hear thee down the ages sing How Faith and Hope are proved by suffering, And Love itself by sorrow sanctified. Nor can we miss thy nobler, higher plea, That breathes across the silence of the tomb, How Life by Death alone can perfect be, So, through the cypress boughs deep mystery Are woven flowers of amaranthine bloom. This is thy crown, that round each lifted cross Unfolds the Peace that overcomes all strife; This thy true balm that purifies earth's dross, And this thy Victory, that o'er Death's loss Proclaims the Resurrection and the Life. Lily Marcus, Londonderry. Poem from _The Witness_, 18 April 1919. Image _Sunrise over Ards_ by Edward Connolly. Posted by an extract of reflectionat Wednesday,
April 17, 2019
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WEDNESDAY, 20 MARCH 2019BURIAL AT SEA
From his room to the deck they brought him drest — For his funeral rites, at his own request, With his boots and stock and garments on, And not but the breathing spirit gone, For he wished a child might come and lay. An unstained hand upon his clay. Then they wrapped his corse in the tarry sheet, To the dead as Arabia's spices sweet, And prepared him to seek the depths below, Where waves never beat nor tempest blow No steeds with their nodding plumes where here, No sabled hearse and no coffin or bier, To bear with parade and pomp away The dead to sleep with his kindred clay. But the little group, a silent few, His companions mixed with the hardy crew Stood thoughtful around till a prayer was said O’er the corse of the deaf unconscious dead. They bore his remains to the vessel’s side, And committed them safe to the dark blue tide, One sullen plunge — and the scene is o'er, The sea rolled as it rolled before. Poem from the _Ulster General Advertiser_, 15 November 1842. Image: _The Burial at Sea_ by: Sir Frank William Brangwyn Posted by an extract of reflectionat Wednesday,
March 20, 2019
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WEDNESDAY, 20 FEBRUARY 2019 A VISIT TO BELGIUM (1919) MANY TOWNS A MASS OF RUINS The worthy Editor of "The Witness" has asked me to give some of my experiences of my recent visit to Belgium. I would advise those who meditate having a trip to Belgium to stop at home. There is little to describe. When you have seen one portion of it occupied by the Germans, all the rest is similar. Two of the quaintest old towns, Ypres and Dinant, are a mass of ruins. The former might be described as a scattered pile of bricks and mortar, and was in its time probably the most interesting town as regards architecture in Belgium. Passing in the trains from Courtrai, via Lille, Menin, Armentieres, and Bailleul towards Calais, for many miles it is one vast plain of desolation. You see ruined villages in all directions. Any houses still standing you can see every room in them, as if looking through a birdcage. The great bulk are destroyed by fire. Villages with the bare walls and gables standing up, all roofless. You see the many lines of trenches, all flooded, and the barbed wire defences. In many districts the shell holes are so numerous as almost to touch each other, and all filled with water. In many of these our guns disappeared and were lost. In Courtrai our buyer pointed out one shell hole which I measured, 45 yards in circumference. He stood at the bottom of it to give me an idea of its depth, and it was apparently fully 12 feet deep. One thing remarkable about it was, notwithstanding the great quantity blown out of it, you saw no trace of the earth on the surrounding grass. In Courtrai all the bridges have been blown up and all the houses in the proximity have been destroyed. Also in the country districts the bridges were all destroyed in the retreat by the Germans, and it is surprising how our Engineers have the trains again running on wooden bridges. The power of the bombs employed in destroying the railways is incredible. The ends of the rails are so curved up and standing in the air as if done by a machine. None of the rails appear broken, and the ends are four or five feet apart. Where the bomb lit between the rails, 50 to 60 yards are blown into the adjoining fields as if a new railway was going to be made. At the junction station of Denderleeuw, near Brussels, the havoc wrought there is inconceivable. Some days before the armistice was signed the Germans had the military trains collected there loaded with ammunition, apparently on the road to Germany. Seven of our machines flew over at night, and the destruction wrought could not he well described. You have six or seven acres of twisted iron, remains of engines, waggons, carriages, and rails, heaped up in different masses, and you have no trace of where the railway station stood. The adjoining village, about 400 yards off, all the houses facing the station are much damaged. DIFFICULTIES OF TRAVELLERS. All our airmen escaped, but I think the transaction hastened the armistice. The object of my journey was Courtrai. I took sufficient luggage for a two months' stay. Arrived at Boulogne all right. Asked ticket for Bruges at the railway station. Lady clerk told me she could book only to Ghifeld, which all right, although I had not the remotest idea where it was. Arrived at Dunkerque about 9 o'clock p.m. Hotels were all closing. A porter piloted me into the town. There were no lights, and after several applications I found a room in the "Le Chapeau Rouge," which I can recommend. Next day being Christmas Day, having some old friends about 15 miles out in the country, I resolved to go and pay them a visit. I tried to get some sort of a conveyance, trains there were none; ordinary vehicles and motor cars refused. I got into the good graces of two American soldiers, motormen, who were running out provisions to the American contingent located in the village I wished to go to. The man who drove the motor was from "out West," evidently a half-cast Indian. He had a fine, determined, cool sort of expression about the lower jaw. His hobby was, apparently, just to "shave" the vehicles he passed, whether horse-waggons or motor-cars, by just a few inches, and to impress every one with the rate he could make that machine travel. So I could form in idea why "carriages for hire" preferred, remaining in the city. I spent a pleasant day in the American camp, and the hostess who put me up gave an officer and me a Christmas dinner I will long remember with pleasure. In the morning the camp did their best to have me sent back safely in one of their motor forage waggons. From all the officers and men, whether English, American, Australian, or Canadian, I experienced the greatest kindness and attention. I examined all the luggage lying on the platforms at Dunkerque, all apparently waiting for owners to turn up; but no trace of mine. I got a train to Bruges in the afternoon, arriving at Ghifeld Station, the French frontier station, about 9 p.m. There was no platform where the train stopped, and no lights. So I climbed down on to the ground, and there being no lights in the train I tied my pocket handkerchief to the handle of the door of the carriage to enable me to find my seat again. Walking round the front of the train, I got to the station, and found a soldier working the telegraph. I produced my ticket for the luggage. He told me there was no one there to open the depot, and to come in daylight. I explained that this was impossible. He then suggested it had gone on to Adinkerk, the Belgian frontier station. There was nothing to be done. After a wait of an hour, none of the Customs officers turned up, and the train proceeded to the Belgian station. There were no lights here either, and I found a soldier again working the telegraph. With out stopping the instrument, he said "Luggage would be sent on to whatever address was on it." The train waited an hour, and no Customs officers turned up, we proceeded, and arrived in Bruges at 6 am. The engine was much overloaded, and we had to stop often to get up pressure. Bruges station was much wrecked. There were no porters, and all the passengers had to look after themselves. Those who wished got hot coffee free in the third class waiting room. Accommodation in hotels in Bruges was very limited. The town generally is little damaged, except the bridges over the canals, which have been destroyed. There were no trains running to Courtrai; but, through the favour of our banker there, I got a seat on a Government motor lorry. Arrived at Courtrai, the driver asked where he would drop me. I suggested the hotel in the Grand Place. I found the gateway open, so went in, and found no one in it but a few English soldiers just arrived. And they knew nothing about it. I then went to the Town Hall, and I was directed to a house where I could put up. It was partially wrecked by shell fire. A shell had passed through my bedroom, and exploded on the other side of the wall. The windows were all boarded up. The houses on the opposite side of the street were a complete wreck, only portions of the walls standing. The next day a Good Samaritan, a leading surgeon, very kindly offered me accommodation in his house while I remained, for which I felt thankful. I refer to these little trifles to show how disagreeable travelling could be in Belgium at present. I found our stores a complete wreck. They were situated about 100 yards from a bridge the Germans blew up before leaving Courtrai; the roof was much damaged, and the doors and windows blown in. I found a family of refugees living in my house, which was very dirty, and anything of value had disappeared. I told them to be in no hurry out, as I was not likely to be able to occupy it till it was repaired. All the bridges are destroyed in and about Courtrai. The only communication between the two sides of the river is a narrow floating platform, about four feet wide. On the down stream side there is a hand rail to keep you from falling off and being carried off by the stream. If you fall on the "up-steam" side, the platform preserves you from that danger. Occasionally this floating platform or bridge gets overloaded and when the water commences to rise over your boots you hear some very impolite language from the front and rear. The Lye was much flooded; in fact, the whole country is in a bad state fromthe weighty rains.
Brussels is little changed. No damage done, and business goes on as usual. If you can pay, you can get all you want. Boots cost from 8-£12 per pair. Clothing is dear; I hear £20-£30 for a suit of clothes. Restaurants table d'hote dinners, 30-50frs.; wine, 20-70 frs. per bottle; quarter beefsteak with chipped potatoes, 7frs. All eatablein proportion.
INDUSTRIES PARALYSED. When business gets settled again, Belgium will speedily revive. Belgians are both economical and hard workers, and their new style of Government and franchise will speedily tell on the welfare and prosperity of the country. Some families have been very heavily hit. Families with fixed incomes and those formerly holding good commercial positions are now rendered destitute, not to speak of the horrible barbarities enacted in many Belgian and French towns and villages, with their intense sufferings. At present the outlook in Belgium is very serious. All the factories are more or less injured. None of them are working, and a considerable time must elapse before there is a possibility of much employment. In the building and kindred trades there will be much to be done if the capital is forthcoming to do it. Where it will come from is not decided. The refugee population is now crowding back in thousands, and with the "chaos" that exists, it is difficult to conceive of prospects in the near future. Food is still distributed to those without means; but the finances generally must be at a very low ebb. What concerns us most is, perhaps, flax supplies. As to quantities, there is much "guesswork." There is still considerable flax in the country. Much has been bought up on speculation when the Germans left, and held at speculation prices. The Belgian Government have at present prohibited its export. The Ghent mills are little damaged, and will probably be resuming work at an early date. The French mills have suffered severely. Of sowing flax seed I understand there is a fair supply for their home-sowing, which is understood going to be large. My home-coming had its little adventures. In Belgium the railways are very short of rolling stock — few engines, carriages, or waggons. The military trains are mostly open waggons, with an odd passenger carriage supposed to be for the officers, without glass in the windows. When travelling, you find out when there is a military train going your way. You climb up as best you can and where you can. Arrived at your destination, you get out the same way. No booking office, nor tickets to check. Riding in an open waggon is less draughty, generally, than the carriage. After much telegraphing, in which I was assisted much by our officers in Courtrai, I found my luggage had been sent to Thielt, with which there is at present no rail communication from Courtrai. I recovered it, however, and took the precaution to leave it behind till my return to Courtrai. I got a military train to Calais at four o'clock a.m. Travelled first to Menin — to secure a good seat. Then by way of Lille, Armentiers, Belluil, to Calais. Discovered the train did not go into Calais, but stopped about three miles out. I had some difficulty getting into town and finding a room. Next morning I found although several steamers going to Dover, they were for military only. So there was no other way except going by Boulogne. Happily I met a military motor car going to headquarters, and passing through Boulogne, about 50 miles off. The chauffeur gave me a lift. I will long remember that ride. Some of the holes in the road looked to be about two feet deep, and I felt if the agent of the Ocean Accidental Life Insurance Company knew I was on that car he would have spent a most uphappy three hours. When I reached London, after visiting several hotels, I spent the night on rather a short couch in a drawing-room of a pension I never visited before, and was very glad to have it. To those meditating a "joy-ride" to Belgium, my advice is — Don't!!F. M. WALKER.
From _The Witness_, 21 February 1919. Photo: The Town Square, Arras, France. February, 1919. Posted by an extract of reflectionat Wednesday,
February 20, 2019
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