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POWERPOINT PRESENTATIONS The Geography of Transport Systems FIFTH EDITION Jean-Paul Rodrigue (2020), New York: Routledge, 456 pages. ISBN 978-0-367-36463-2 Follow@ecojpr
CHAPTER 8 – URBAN TRANSPORTATION The Geography of Transport Systems FIFTH EDITION Jean-Paul Rodrigue (2020), New York: Routledge, 456 pages. ISBN 978-0-367-36463-2 Follow@ecojpr
CHAPTER 9 – TRANSPORT PLANNING AND POLICY The Geography of Transport Systems FIFTH EDITION Jean-Paul Rodrigue (2020), New York: Routledge, 456 pages. ISBN 978-0-367-36463-2 Follow@ecojpr
GATEWAYS AND HUBS
The Geography of Transport Systems FIFTH EDITION Jean-Paul Rodrigue (2020), New York: Routledge, 456 pages. ISBN 978-0-367-36463-2 Follow@ecojpr
THE FUNCTIONS OF TRANSPORT SUPPLY AND DEMAND Transport Supply and Demand. Transport supply is generally expressed by Aij; the transport supply between location i and j. Indirectly it combines modal supply, the capacity of a mode to support traffic, and intermodal supply, the capacity to transship traffic from one mode toanother.
A TYPOLOGY OF TRANSPORTATION NETWORKS A Typology of Transportation Networks. There are many criteria that can be used to classify transportation networks. Its level of abstraction can be considered with tangible network representations closely matching the reality (such as a road map) while conversely an abstract network would only be a symbolization of the nodes and flows (such as an airline network). 9.3 – TRANSPORT SAFETY AND SECURITY TEMPERATURE STANDARDS FOR THE COLD CHAIN Temperature Standards for the Cold Chain. Source: Gesamtverband der Deutschen Versicherungswirtschaft (GDV), Berlin 2002-2007. Depending on the type of product being transported through the cold chain, specific temperature standards are enforced. THE EVOLUTION OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT The Evolution of Supply Chain Management. The evolution of supply chain management has been characterized by an increasing degree of integration of separate tasks, a trend that was underlined in the 1960s as a key area for future productivity improvements since the system was highly fragmented. Although the tasks composing logistics have remained relatively similar, they initially consolidated GEOGRAPHY OF TRANSPORT SYSTEMS (5TH EDITION) The Geography of Transport Systems FIFTH EDITION Jean-Paul Rodrigue (2020), New York: Routledge, 456 pages. ISBN 978-0-367-36463-2 Follow@ecojpr
POWERPOINT PRESENTATIONS The Geography of Transport Systems FIFTH EDITION Jean-Paul Rodrigue (2020), New York: Routledge, 456 pages. ISBN 978-0-367-36463-2 Follow@ecojpr
CHAPTER 8 – URBAN TRANSPORTATION The Geography of Transport Systems FIFTH EDITION Jean-Paul Rodrigue (2020), New York: Routledge, 456 pages. ISBN 978-0-367-36463-2 Follow@ecojpr
CHAPTER 9 – TRANSPORT PLANNING AND POLICY The Geography of Transport Systems FIFTH EDITION Jean-Paul Rodrigue (2020), New York: Routledge, 456 pages. ISBN 978-0-367-36463-2 Follow@ecojpr
GATEWAYS AND HUBS
The Geography of Transport Systems FIFTH EDITION Jean-Paul Rodrigue (2020), New York: Routledge, 456 pages. ISBN 978-0-367-36463-2 Follow@ecojpr
THE FUNCTIONS OF TRANSPORT SUPPLY AND DEMAND Transport Supply and Demand. Transport supply is generally expressed by Aij; the transport supply between location i and j. Indirectly it combines modal supply, the capacity of a mode to support traffic, and intermodal supply, the capacity to transship traffic from one mode toanother.
A TYPOLOGY OF TRANSPORTATION NETWORKS A Typology of Transportation Networks. There are many criteria that can be used to classify transportation networks. Its level of abstraction can be considered with tangible network representations closely matching the reality (such as a road map) while conversely an abstract network would only be a symbolization of the nodes and flows (such as an airline network). 9.3 – TRANSPORT SAFETY AND SECURITY TEMPERATURE STANDARDS FOR THE COLD CHAIN Temperature Standards for the Cold Chain. Source: Gesamtverband der Deutschen Versicherungswirtschaft (GDV), Berlin 2002-2007. Depending on the type of product being transported through the cold chain, specific temperature standards are enforced. THE EVOLUTION OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT The Evolution of Supply Chain Management. The evolution of supply chain management has been characterized by an increasing degree of integration of separate tasks, a trend that was underlined in the 1960s as a key area for future productivity improvements since the system was highly fragmented. Although the tasks composing logistics have remained relatively similar, they initially consolidated CHAPTER 9 – TRANSPORT PLANNING AND POLICY The Geography of Transport Systems FIFTH EDITION Jean-Paul Rodrigue (2020), New York: Routledge, 456 pages. ISBN 978-0-367-36463-2 Follow@ecojpr
CHAPTER 8 – URBAN TRANSPORTATION The Geography of Transport Systems FIFTH EDITION Jean-Paul Rodrigue (2020), New York: Routledge, 456 pages. ISBN 978-0-367-36463-2 Follow@ecojpr
GATEWAYS AND HUBS
The Geography of Transport Systems FIFTH EDITION Jean-Paul Rodrigue (2020), New York: Routledge, 456 pages. ISBN 978-0-367-36463-2 Follow@ecojpr
COMPONENTS OF TRANSPORT COST The Geography of Transport Systems FIFTH EDITION Jean-Paul Rodrigue (2020), New York: Routledge, 456 pages. ISBN 978-0-367-36463-2 Follow@ecojpr
A.4 – TRANSPORTATION AND ACCESSIBILITY Global Accessibility: Time to the Nearest Large City; 2. Connectivity and Total Accessibility. The most basic accessibility measure involves network connectivity, where a network is represented as a connectivity matrix (C1), which expresses the connectivity of each node with its adjacent nodes. The number of columns and rows in this matrix is equal to the number of nodes in the network, and a APPENDIX B – APPLICATIONS AND CASE STUDIES This material (including graphics) can freely be used for educational purposes such as classroom presentations in universities and colleges. Any other uses, such as conference presentations, commercial training progams, news web sites or consulting reports, are FORBIDDEN. 9.3 – TRANSPORT SAFETY AND SECURITY Authors: Dr. Brian Slack and Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue. Safety and security issues concern both transportation modes and terminals that can be either a target for terrorism, a vector to conduct illegal activities, and even a form of warfare.TERMINAL COSTS
The Geography of Transport Systems FIFTH EDITION Jean-Paul Rodrigue (2020), New York: Routledge, 456 pages. ISBN 978-0-367-36463-2 Follow@ecojpr
EXTERNALITIES OF WATER POLLUTION The Geography of Transport Systems FIFTH EDITION Jean-Paul Rodrigue (2020), New York: Routledge, 456 pages. ISBN 978-0-367-36463-2 Follow@ecojpr
OPERATIONAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PASSENGERS AND FREIGHT Operational Differences between Passengers and Freight Transportation. Source: adapted from EU-funded Urban Transport Research Project Results. There are fundamental differences between passenger and freight transport systems since they commonly move through separate conveyances.However, at their respective terminals, the differences are the most acute since they involve different facilities GEOGRAPHY OF TRANSPORT SYSTEMS (5TH EDITION) Geography of Transport Systems (5th Edition) December 22, 2019 Jean-Paul Rodrigue. The web site has been updated to a new design that matches the forthcoming textbook edition (5th). This also include the PowerPoint slides. The Geography of Transport Systems. The CHAPTER 9 – TRANSPORT PLANNING AND POLICY Chapter 9 – Transport Planning and Policy. Since transportation can produce significant benefits but giving rise to many negative externalities, appropriate policies need to be devised to maximize its benefits and minimize its inconveniences. The allocation, design, and construction of transport infrastructure and services must be subjectto
ADVANTAGES AND DRAWBACKS OF CONTAINERIZATION The main cost advantages of containerization are derived from lower intermodal transport costs. Velocity. Transshipment operations are minimal and rapid, and ship port turnaround times have been reduced from 3 weeks to about 24 hours. Because of this transshipment advantage, transport chains involved containers are faster. A TYPOLOGY OF TRANSPORTATION NETWORKS A Typology of Transportation Networks. There are many criteria that can be used to classify transportation networks. Its level of abstraction can be considered with tangible network representations closely matching the reality (such as a road map) while conversely an abstract network would only be a symbolization of the nodes and flows (such as an airline network). THE “FOUR TS” IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE The “Four Ts” in International Trade. Source: Spulber, D.F. (2007) Global Competitive Strategy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. There are four major cost components in international trade, known as the “Four Ts”: Transaction costs. The costs related to the economic exchange behind trade. 9.3 – TRANSPORT SAFETY AND SECURITY DEVELOPMENT COSTS FOR SELECTED AIRCRAFT Airbus A380. 2007. 14.4 Billion. Boeing 787. 2012. 13.4 Billion. Source: Adapted from Bowen, J. (2010) The Economic Geography of Air Transportation: Space, Time, and the Freedom of the Sky. London: Routledge. Development costs involve a series of costs related to the research and development efforts that goes into a new product, such as OPERATIONAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PASSENGERS AND FREIGHT Operational Differences between Passengers and Freight Transportation. Source: adapted from EU-funded Urban Transport Research Project Results. There are fundamental differences between passenger and freight transport systems since they commonly move through separate conveyances.However, at their respective terminals, the differences are the most acute since they involve different facilities TEMPERATURE STANDARDS FOR THE COLD CHAIN Deep freeze (-25 to -30 Celsius). The coldest temperature range that can be maintained by conventional refrigerated units. This temperature range is used mostly for transporting seafood (particularly shrimp, which is the world’s most consumed seafood) and ice cream. Frozen (-10 to -20 Celsius). Used for transporting frozen meat, including THE EVOLUTION OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT The Evolution of Supply Chain Management. The evolution of supply chain management has been characterized by an increasing degree of integration of separate tasks, a trend that was underlined in the 1960s as a key area for future productivity improvements since the system was highly fragmented. Although the tasks composing logistics have remained relatively similar, they initially consolidated GEOGRAPHY OF TRANSPORT SYSTEMS (5TH EDITION) Geography of Transport Systems (5th Edition) December 22, 2019 Jean-Paul Rodrigue. The web site has been updated to a new design that matches the forthcoming textbook edition (5th). This also include the PowerPoint slides. The Geography of Transport Systems. The CHAPTER 9 – TRANSPORT PLANNING AND POLICY Chapter 9 – Transport Planning and Policy. Since transportation can produce significant benefits but giving rise to many negative externalities, appropriate policies need to be devised to maximize its benefits and minimize its inconveniences. The allocation, design, and construction of transport infrastructure and services must be subjectto
ADVANTAGES AND DRAWBACKS OF CONTAINERIZATION The main cost advantages of containerization are derived from lower intermodal transport costs. Velocity. Transshipment operations are minimal and rapid, and ship port turnaround times have been reduced from 3 weeks to about 24 hours. Because of this transshipment advantage, transport chains involved containers are faster. A TYPOLOGY OF TRANSPORTATION NETWORKS A Typology of Transportation Networks. There are many criteria that can be used to classify transportation networks. Its level of abstraction can be considered with tangible network representations closely matching the reality (such as a road map) while conversely an abstract network would only be a symbolization of the nodes and flows (such as an airline network). THE “FOUR TS” IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE The “Four Ts” in International Trade. Source: Spulber, D.F. (2007) Global Competitive Strategy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. There are four major cost components in international trade, known as the “Four Ts”: Transaction costs. The costs related to the economic exchange behind trade. 9.3 – TRANSPORT SAFETY AND SECURITY DEVELOPMENT COSTS FOR SELECTED AIRCRAFT Airbus A380. 2007. 14.4 Billion. Boeing 787. 2012. 13.4 Billion. Source: Adapted from Bowen, J. (2010) The Economic Geography of Air Transportation: Space, Time, and the Freedom of the Sky. London: Routledge. Development costs involve a series of costs related to the research and development efforts that goes into a new product, such as OPERATIONAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PASSENGERS AND FREIGHT Operational Differences between Passengers and Freight Transportation. Source: adapted from EU-funded Urban Transport Research Project Results. There are fundamental differences between passenger and freight transport systems since they commonly move through separate conveyances.However, at their respective terminals, the differences are the most acute since they involve different facilities TEMPERATURE STANDARDS FOR THE COLD CHAIN Deep freeze (-25 to -30 Celsius). The coldest temperature range that can be maintained by conventional refrigerated units. This temperature range is used mostly for transporting seafood (particularly shrimp, which is the world’s most consumed seafood) and ice cream. Frozen (-10 to -20 Celsius). Used for transporting frozen meat, including THE EVOLUTION OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT The Evolution of Supply Chain Management. The evolution of supply chain management has been characterized by an increasing degree of integration of separate tasks, a trend that was underlined in the 1960s as a key area for future productivity improvements since the system was highly fragmented. Although the tasks composing logistics have remained relatively similar, they initially consolidated 9.3 – TRANSPORT SAFETY AND SECURITY Safety and security issues concern both transportation modes and terminals that can be either a target for terrorism, a vector to conduct illegal activities, and even a form of warfare. 1. A New Context in Transport Security. While issues of safety and security have preoccupied transport planners and managers for many years, it isonly recently
COMPONENTS OF TRANSPORT COST Components of Transport Cost. A movement between location A and B involves three cost components in the assessment of the related transport costs. Transactions costs are related to resolve the setting of the movement, including legal costs and insurance. For international movements they can be significant as issues related tocurrency exchange
THE FUNCTIONS OF TRANSPORT SUPPLY AND DEMAND The Functions of Transport Supply and Demand. Transport supply is generally expressed by Aij; the transport supply between location i and j. Indirectly it combines modal supply, the capacity of a mode to support traffic, and intermodal supply, the capacity to transship traffic from one mode to another. For instance, air transport supplybetween
ADVANTAGES AND DRAWBACKS OF CONTAINERIZATION The main cost advantages of containerization are derived from lower intermodal transport costs. Velocity. Transshipment operations are minimal and rapid, and ship port turnaround times have been reduced from 3 weeks to about 24 hours. Because of this transshipment advantage, transport chains involved containers are faster. LEVELS OF SERVICE FOR ROAD TRANSPORTATION 1,650. 1,940. 2,200. (A) Free Flow Traffic. Users are practically unaffected by the presence of other vehicles on a road section. The choice of speed and the maneuverability are free. The level of comfort is excellent as the driver needs minimal attention. The volume toGATEWAYS AND HUBS
Gateways and Hubs. Gateways and hubs are locations where flows converge and the foremost expression of global connectivity. However, they differ in terms of the nature of their connectivity. While a hub is a central location in a transport system with many inbound and outbound connections of the same mode, a gateway commonly implies ashift
TEMPERATURE STANDARDS FOR THE COLD CHAIN Deep freeze (-25 to -30 Celsius). The coldest temperature range that can be maintained by conventional refrigerated units. This temperature range is used mostly for transporting seafood (particularly shrimp, which is the world’s most consumed seafood) and ice cream. Frozen (-10 to -20 Celsius). Used for transporting frozen meat, including OPERATIONAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PASSENGERS AND FREIGHT Operational Differences between Passengers and Freight Transportation. Source: adapted from EU-funded Urban Transport Research Project Results. There are fundamental differences between passenger and freight transport systems since they commonly move through separate conveyances.However, at their respective terminals, the differences are the most acute since they involve different facilities ECONOMIES AND DISECONOMIES OF SCALE IN CONTAINER SHIPPING Economies and Diseconomies of Scale in Container Shipping. Like many forms of transportation, container shipping benefits from economies of scale in maritime shipping, transshipment, and inland transportation. The rationale of maritime container shipping companies to have larger ships becomes obvious when the benefits, in terms of lower costs per TEU, increase with the capacity of ships. LINER TRANSATLANTIC CROSSING TIMES, 1833 One of the last liners, the United States (mainly made of aluminum), held the transatlantic crossing speed record of 3.5 days in 1952. By the 1960s, air transportation has overtaken the supremacy of liners for transatlantic crossings, and reference time became hours instead of days. Liner services disappeared, and the surviving ships becamethe
GEOGRAPHY OF TRANSPORT SYSTEMS (5TH EDITION) Geography of Transport Systems (5th Edition) December 22, 2019 Jean-Paul Rodrigue. The web site has been updated to a new design that matches the forthcoming textbook edition (5th). This also include the PowerPoint slides. The Geography of Transport Systems. The CHAPTER 9 – TRANSPORT PLANNING AND POLICY Chapter 9 – Transport Planning and Policy. Since transportation can produce significant benefits but giving rise to many negative externalities, appropriate policies need to be devised to maximize its benefits and minimize its inconveniences. The allocation, design, and construction of transport infrastructure and services must be subjectto
ADVANTAGES AND DRAWBACKS OF CONTAINERIZATION The main cost advantages of containerization are derived from lower intermodal transport costs. Velocity. Transshipment operations are minimal and rapid, and ship port turnaround times have been reduced from 3 weeks to about 24 hours. Because of this transshipment advantage, transport chains involved containers are faster. A TYPOLOGY OF TRANSPORTATION NETWORKS A Typology of Transportation Networks. There are many criteria that can be used to classify transportation networks. Its level of abstraction can be considered with tangible network representations closely matching the reality (such as a road map) while conversely an abstract network would only be a symbolization of the nodes and flows (such as an airline network). THE “FOUR TS” IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE The “Four Ts” in International Trade. Source: Spulber, D.F. (2007) Global Competitive Strategy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. There are four major cost components in international trade, known as the “Four Ts”: Transaction costs. The costs related to the economic exchange behind trade. 9.3 – TRANSPORT SAFETY AND SECURITY DEVELOPMENT COSTS FOR SELECTED AIRCRAFT Airbus A380. 2007. 14.4 Billion. Boeing 787. 2012. 13.4 Billion. Source: Adapted from Bowen, J. (2010) The Economic Geography of Air Transportation: Space, Time, and the Freedom of the Sky. London: Routledge. Development costs involve a series of costs related to the research and development efforts that goes into a new product, such as OPERATIONAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PASSENGERS AND FREIGHT Operational Differences between Passengers and Freight Transportation. Source: adapted from EU-funded Urban Transport Research Project Results. There are fundamental differences between passenger and freight transport systems since they commonly move through separate conveyances.However, at their respective terminals, the differences are the most acute since they involve different facilities TEMPERATURE STANDARDS FOR THE COLD CHAIN Deep freeze (-25 to -30 Celsius). The coldest temperature range that can be maintained by conventional refrigerated units. This temperature range is used mostly for transporting seafood (particularly shrimp, which is the world’s most consumed seafood) and ice cream. Frozen (-10 to -20 Celsius). Used for transporting frozen meat, including THE EVOLUTION OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT The Evolution of Supply Chain Management. The evolution of supply chain management has been characterized by an increasing degree of integration of separate tasks, a trend that was underlined in the 1960s as a key area for future productivity improvements since the system was highly fragmented. Although the tasks composing logistics have remained relatively similar, they initially consolidated GEOGRAPHY OF TRANSPORT SYSTEMS (5TH EDITION) Geography of Transport Systems (5th Edition) December 22, 2019 Jean-Paul Rodrigue. The web site has been updated to a new design that matches the forthcoming textbook edition (5th). This also include the PowerPoint slides. The Geography of Transport Systems. The CHAPTER 9 – TRANSPORT PLANNING AND POLICY Chapter 9 – Transport Planning and Policy. Since transportation can produce significant benefits but giving rise to many negative externalities, appropriate policies need to be devised to maximize its benefits and minimize its inconveniences. The allocation, design, and construction of transport infrastructure and services must be subjectto
ADVANTAGES AND DRAWBACKS OF CONTAINERIZATION The main cost advantages of containerization are derived from lower intermodal transport costs. Velocity. Transshipment operations are minimal and rapid, and ship port turnaround times have been reduced from 3 weeks to about 24 hours. Because of this transshipment advantage, transport chains involved containers are faster. A TYPOLOGY OF TRANSPORTATION NETWORKS A Typology of Transportation Networks. There are many criteria that can be used to classify transportation networks. Its level of abstraction can be considered with tangible network representations closely matching the reality (such as a road map) while conversely an abstract network would only be a symbolization of the nodes and flows (such as an airline network). THE “FOUR TS” IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE The “Four Ts” in International Trade. Source: Spulber, D.F. (2007) Global Competitive Strategy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. There are four major cost components in international trade, known as the “Four Ts”: Transaction costs. The costs related to the economic exchange behind trade. 9.3 – TRANSPORT SAFETY AND SECURITY DEVELOPMENT COSTS FOR SELECTED AIRCRAFT Airbus A380. 2007. 14.4 Billion. Boeing 787. 2012. 13.4 Billion. Source: Adapted from Bowen, J. (2010) The Economic Geography of Air Transportation: Space, Time, and the Freedom of the Sky. London: Routledge. Development costs involve a series of costs related to the research and development efforts that goes into a new product, such as OPERATIONAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PASSENGERS AND FREIGHT Operational Differences between Passengers and Freight Transportation. Source: adapted from EU-funded Urban Transport Research Project Results. There are fundamental differences between passenger and freight transport systems since they commonly move through separate conveyances.However, at their respective terminals, the differences are the most acute since they involve different facilities TEMPERATURE STANDARDS FOR THE COLD CHAIN Deep freeze (-25 to -30 Celsius). The coldest temperature range that can be maintained by conventional refrigerated units. This temperature range is used mostly for transporting seafood (particularly shrimp, which is the world’s most consumed seafood) and ice cream. Frozen (-10 to -20 Celsius). Used for transporting frozen meat, including THE EVOLUTION OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT The Evolution of Supply Chain Management. The evolution of supply chain management has been characterized by an increasing degree of integration of separate tasks, a trend that was underlined in the 1960s as a key area for future productivity improvements since the system was highly fragmented. Although the tasks composing logistics have remained relatively similar, they initially consolidated 9.3 – TRANSPORT SAFETY AND SECURITY Safety and security issues concern both transportation modes and terminals that can be either a target for terrorism, a vector to conduct illegal activities, and even a form of warfare. 1. A New Context in Transport Security. While issues of safety and security have preoccupied transport planners and managers for many years, it isonly recently
COMPONENTS OF TRANSPORT COST Components of Transport Cost. A movement between location A and B involves three cost components in the assessment of the related transport costs. Transactions costs are related to resolve the setting of the movement, including legal costs and insurance. For international movements they can be significant as issues related tocurrency exchange
THE FUNCTIONS OF TRANSPORT SUPPLY AND DEMAND The Functions of Transport Supply and Demand. Transport supply is generally expressed by Aij; the transport supply between location i and j. Indirectly it combines modal supply, the capacity of a mode to support traffic, and intermodal supply, the capacity to transship traffic from one mode to another. For instance, air transport supplybetween
ADVANTAGES AND DRAWBACKS OF CONTAINERIZATION The main cost advantages of containerization are derived from lower intermodal transport costs. Velocity. Transshipment operations are minimal and rapid, and ship port turnaround times have been reduced from 3 weeks to about 24 hours. Because of this transshipment advantage, transport chains involved containers are faster. LEVELS OF SERVICE FOR ROAD TRANSPORTATION 1,650. 1,940. 2,200. (A) Free Flow Traffic. Users are practically unaffected by the presence of other vehicles on a road section. The choice of speed and the maneuverability are free. The level of comfort is excellent as the driver needs minimal attention. The volume toGATEWAYS AND HUBS
Gateways and Hubs. Gateways and hubs are locations where flows converge and the foremost expression of global connectivity. However, they differ in terms of the nature of their connectivity. While a hub is a central location in a transport system with many inbound and outbound connections of the same mode, a gateway commonly implies ashift
TEMPERATURE STANDARDS FOR THE COLD CHAIN Deep freeze (-25 to -30 Celsius). The coldest temperature range that can be maintained by conventional refrigerated units. This temperature range is used mostly for transporting seafood (particularly shrimp, which is the world’s most consumed seafood) and ice cream. Frozen (-10 to -20 Celsius). Used for transporting frozen meat, including OPERATIONAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PASSENGERS AND FREIGHT Operational Differences between Passengers and Freight Transportation. Source: adapted from EU-funded Urban Transport Research Project Results. There are fundamental differences between passenger and freight transport systems since they commonly move through separate conveyances.However, at their respective terminals, the differences are the most acute since they involve different facilities ECONOMIES AND DISECONOMIES OF SCALE IN CONTAINER SHIPPING Economies and Diseconomies of Scale in Container Shipping. Like many forms of transportation, container shipping benefits from economies of scale in maritime shipping, transshipment, and inland transportation. The rationale of maritime container shipping companies to have larger ships becomes obvious when the benefits, in terms of lower costs per TEU, increase with the capacity of ships. LINER TRANSATLANTIC CROSSING TIMES, 1833 One of the last liners, the United States (mainly made of aluminum), held the transatlantic crossing speed record of 3.5 days in 1952. By the 1960s, air transportation has overtaken the supremacy of liners for transatlantic crossings, and reference time became hours instead of days. Liner services disappeared, and the surviving ships becamethe
THE GEOGRAPHY OF TRANSPORT SYSTEMSCONTENTSMEDIAABOUTCONTACTGLOSSARY1. TRANSPORTATION AND GEOGRAPHY Overview. The mobility of passengers and freight is fundamental to economic and social activities such as commuting, manufacturing, distributing goods, or supplying energy. Each movement has a purpose, an origin, a potential set of intermediate locations, and a destination. Mobility is supported and driven by transport systems that are composed of infrastructures, modes, and terminals. GEOGRAPHY OF TRANSPORT SYSTEMS (5TH EDITION) Geography of Transport Systems (5th Edition) December 22, 2019 Jean-Paul Rodrigue. The web site has been updated to a new design that matches the forthcoming textbook edition (5th). This also include the PowerPoint slides. The Geography of Transport Systems. The CHAPTER 8 – URBAN TRANSPORTATION Chapter 8 – Urban Transportation. Considering that a growing share of the global population lives in cities, urban transportation issues are of foremost importance to support the mobility of passengers in large urban agglomerations. Transportation in urban areas is highly complex because of the modes involved, the multitude of origins and A TYPOLOGY OF TRANSPORTATION NETWORKS A Typology of Transportation Networks. There are many criteria that can be used to classify transportation networks. Its level of abstraction can be considered with tangible network representations closely matching the reality (such as a road map) while conversely an abstract network would only be a symbolization of the nodes and flows (such as an airline network).GATEWAYS AND HUBS
Gateways and Hubs. Gateways and hubs are locations where flows converge and the foremost expression of global connectivity. However, they differ in terms of the nature of their connectivity. While a hub is a central location in a transport system with many inbound and outbound connections of the same mode, a gateway commonly implies ashift
TEMPERATURE STANDARDS FOR THE COLD CHAIN Deep freeze (-25 to -30 Celsius). The coldest temperature range that can be maintained by conventional refrigerated units. This temperature range is used mostly for transporting seafood (particularly shrimp, which is the world’s most consumed seafood) and ice cream. Frozen (-10 to -20 Celsius). Used for transporting frozen meat, including ADVANTAGES AND DRAWBACKS OF CONTAINERIZATION The main cost advantages of containerization are derived from lower intermodal transport costs. Velocity. Transshipment operations are minimal and rapid, and ship port turnaround times have been reduced from 3 weeks to about 24 hours. Because of this transshipment advantage, transport chains involved containers are faster. THE EVOLUTION OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT The Evolution of Supply Chain Management. The evolution of supply chain management has been characterized by an increasing degree of integration of separate tasks, a trend that was underlined in the 1960s as a key area for future productivity improvements since the system was highly fragmented. Although the tasks composing logistics have remained relatively similar, they initially consolidated ECONOMIES AND DISECONOMIES OF SCALE IN CONTAINER SHIPPING Economies and Diseconomies of Scale in Container Shipping. Like many forms of transportation, container shipping benefits from economies of scale in maritime shipping, transshipment, and inland transportation. The rationale of maritime container shipping companies to have larger ships becomes obvious when the benefits, in terms of lower costs per TEU, increase with the capacity of ships. FUEL CONSUMPTION BY CONTAINERSHIP SIZE AND SPEED Fuel consumption by a containership is mostly a function of ship size and cruising speed, which follows an exponential function above 14 knots. For instance, while a containership of around 8,000 TEU would consume about 225 tons of bunker fuel per day at 24 knots. At 21 knots, this consumption drops to about 150 tons per day, a 33%decline.
THE GEOGRAPHY OF TRANSPORT SYSTEMSCONTENTSMEDIAABOUTCONTACTGLOSSARY1. TRANSPORTATION AND GEOGRAPHY Overview. The mobility of passengers and freight is fundamental to economic and social activities such as commuting, manufacturing, distributing goods, or supplying energy. Each movement has a purpose, an origin, a potential set of intermediate locations, and a destination. Mobility is supported and driven by transport systems that are composed of infrastructures, modes, and terminals. GEOGRAPHY OF TRANSPORT SYSTEMS (5TH EDITION) Geography of Transport Systems (5th Edition) December 22, 2019 Jean-Paul Rodrigue. The web site has been updated to a new design that matches the forthcoming textbook edition (5th). This also include the PowerPoint slides. The Geography of Transport Systems. The CHAPTER 8 – URBAN TRANSPORTATION Chapter 8 – Urban Transportation. Considering that a growing share of the global population lives in cities, urban transportation issues are of foremost importance to support the mobility of passengers in large urban agglomerations. Transportation in urban areas is highly complex because of the modes involved, the multitude of origins and A TYPOLOGY OF TRANSPORTATION NETWORKS A Typology of Transportation Networks. There are many criteria that can be used to classify transportation networks. Its level of abstraction can be considered with tangible network representations closely matching the reality (such as a road map) while conversely an abstract network would only be a symbolization of the nodes and flows (such as an airline network).GATEWAYS AND HUBS
Gateways and Hubs. Gateways and hubs are locations where flows converge and the foremost expression of global connectivity. However, they differ in terms of the nature of their connectivity. While a hub is a central location in a transport system with many inbound and outbound connections of the same mode, a gateway commonly implies ashift
TEMPERATURE STANDARDS FOR THE COLD CHAIN Deep freeze (-25 to -30 Celsius). The coldest temperature range that can be maintained by conventional refrigerated units. This temperature range is used mostly for transporting seafood (particularly shrimp, which is the world’s most consumed seafood) and ice cream. Frozen (-10 to -20 Celsius). Used for transporting frozen meat, including ADVANTAGES AND DRAWBACKS OF CONTAINERIZATION The main cost advantages of containerization are derived from lower intermodal transport costs. Velocity. Transshipment operations are minimal and rapid, and ship port turnaround times have been reduced from 3 weeks to about 24 hours. Because of this transshipment advantage, transport chains involved containers are faster. THE EVOLUTION OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT The Evolution of Supply Chain Management. The evolution of supply chain management has been characterized by an increasing degree of integration of separate tasks, a trend that was underlined in the 1960s as a key area for future productivity improvements since the system was highly fragmented. Although the tasks composing logistics have remained relatively similar, they initially consolidated ECONOMIES AND DISECONOMIES OF SCALE IN CONTAINER SHIPPING Economies and Diseconomies of Scale in Container Shipping. Like many forms of transportation, container shipping benefits from economies of scale in maritime shipping, transshipment, and inland transportation. The rationale of maritime container shipping companies to have larger ships becomes obvious when the benefits, in terms of lower costs per TEU, increase with the capacity of ships. FUEL CONSUMPTION BY CONTAINERSHIP SIZE AND SPEED Fuel consumption by a containership is mostly a function of ship size and cruising speed, which follows an exponential function above 14 knots. For instance, while a containership of around 8,000 TEU would consume about 225 tons of bunker fuel per day at 24 knots. At 21 knots, this consumption drops to about 150 tons per day, a 33%decline.
CHAPTER 8 – URBAN TRANSPORTATION Chapter 8 – Urban Transportation. Considering that a growing share of the global population lives in cities, urban transportation issues are of foremost importance to support the mobility of passengers in large urban agglomerations. Transportation in urban areas is highly complex because of the modes involved, the multitude of origins andGATEWAYS AND HUBS
Gateways and Hubs. Gateways and hubs are locations where flows converge and the foremost expression of global connectivity. However, they differ in terms of the nature of their connectivity. While a hub is a central location in a transport system with many inbound and outbound connections of the same mode, a gateway commonly implies ashift
THE FUNCTIONS OF TRANSPORT SUPPLY AND DEMAND The Functions of Transport Supply and Demand. Transport supply is generally expressed by Aij; the transport supply between location i and j. Indirectly it combines modal supply, the capacity of a mode to support traffic, and intermodal supply, the capacity to transship traffic from one mode to another. For instance, air transport supplybetween
ADVANTAGES AND DRAWBACKS OF CONTAINERIZATION The main cost advantages of containerization are derived from lower intermodal transport costs. Velocity. Transshipment operations are minimal and rapid, and ship port turnaround times have been reduced from 3 weeks to about 24 hours. Because of this transshipment advantage, transport chains involved containers are faster. TYPES OF RAIL TERMINALS Types of Rail Terminals. Rail terminals can be categorized by the passenger and freight markets they service with the function of shunting accounting for an intermediary form. Passenger and freight terminals can also be differentiated by their locational setting: Passengers terminals. The intercity rail terminal, often taking theform of a
8.2 – URBAN LAND USE AND TRANSPORTATION Cellular Automata Land Use Dynamics; For representing complex urban dynamics, a number of transportation land use models have been developed, with the Lowry model among the first (1964). Its core assumption is that regional and urban growth (or decline) is a function of the expansion (or contraction) of the basic sector, which is represented as export-based employment that meets nonNODAL REGION
Nodal Region. A nodal region refers to a subgroup (tree) of nodes polarized by an independent node (which largest flow link connects a smaller node) and a number of subordinate nodes (which largest flow link connects a larger node). Single or multiple linkage analysis methods are used to reveal such regions by removing secondary linksbetween
THE “FOUR TS” IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE The “Four Ts” in International Trade. Source: Spulber, D.F. (2007) Global Competitive Strategy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. There are four major cost components in international trade, known as the “Four Ts”: Transaction costs. The costs related to the economic exchange behind trade. DEVELOPMENT COSTS FOR SELECTED AIRCRAFT Airbus A380. 2007. 14.4 Billion. Boeing 787. 2012. 13.4 Billion. Source: Adapted from Bowen, J. (2010) The Economic Geography of Air Transportation: Space, Time, and the Freedom of the Sky. London: Routledge. Development costs involve a series of costs related to the research and development efforts that goes into a new product, such as LINER TRANSATLANTIC CROSSING TIMES, 1833 One of the last liners, the United States (mainly made of aluminum), held the transatlantic crossing speed record of 3.5 days in 1952. By the 1960s, air transportation has overtaken the supremacy of liners for transatlantic crossings, and reference time became hours instead of days. Liner services disappeared, and the surviving ships becamethe
THE GEOGRAPHY OF TRANSPORT SYSTEMSCONTENTSMEDIAABOUTCONTACTGLOSSARY1. TRANSPORTATION AND GEOGRAPHY Overview. The mobility of passengers and freight is fundamental to economic and social activities such as commuting, manufacturing, distributing goods, or supplying energy. Each movement has a purpose, an origin, a potential set of intermediate locations, and a destination. Mobility is supported and driven by transport systems that are composed of infrastructures, modes, and terminals. GEOGRAPHY OF TRANSPORT SYSTEMS (5TH EDITION) Geography of Transport Systems (5th Edition) December 22, 2019 Jean-Paul Rodrigue. The web site has been updated to a new design that matches the forthcoming textbook edition (5th). This also include the PowerPoint slides. The Geography of Transport Systems. The CHAPTER 8 – URBAN TRANSPORTATION Chapter 8 – Urban Transportation. Considering that a growing share of the global population lives in cities, urban transportation issues are of foremost importance to support the mobility of passengers in large urban agglomerations. Transportation in urban areas is highly complex because of the modes involved, the multitude of origins and A TYPOLOGY OF TRANSPORTATION NETWORKS A Typology of Transportation Networks. There are many criteria that can be used to classify transportation networks. Its level of abstraction can be considered with tangible network representations closely matching the reality (such as a road map) while conversely an abstract network would only be a symbolization of the nodes and flows (such as an airline network).GATEWAYS AND HUBS
Gateways and Hubs. Gateways and hubs are locations where flows converge and the foremost expression of global connectivity. However, they differ in terms of the nature of their connectivity. While a hub is a central location in a transport system with many inbound and outbound connections of the same mode, a gateway commonly implies ashift
TEMPERATURE STANDARDS FOR THE COLD CHAIN Deep freeze (-25 to -30 Celsius). The coldest temperature range that can be maintained by conventional refrigerated units. This temperature range is used mostly for transporting seafood (particularly shrimp, which is the world’s most consumed seafood) and ice cream. Frozen (-10 to -20 Celsius). Used for transporting frozen meat, including ADVANTAGES AND DRAWBACKS OF CONTAINERIZATION The main cost advantages of containerization are derived from lower intermodal transport costs. Velocity. Transshipment operations are minimal and rapid, and ship port turnaround times have been reduced from 3 weeks to about 24 hours. Because of this transshipment advantage, transport chains involved containers are faster. THE EVOLUTION OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT The Evolution of Supply Chain Management. The evolution of supply chain management has been characterized by an increasing degree of integration of separate tasks, a trend that was underlined in the 1960s as a key area for future productivity improvements since the system was highly fragmented. Although the tasks composing logistics have remained relatively similar, they initially consolidated ECONOMIES AND DISECONOMIES OF SCALE IN CONTAINER SHIPPING Economies and Diseconomies of Scale in Container Shipping. Like many forms of transportation, container shipping benefits from economies of scale in maritime shipping, transshipment, and inland transportation. The rationale of maritime container shipping companies to have larger ships becomes obvious when the benefits, in terms of lower costs per TEU, increase with the capacity of ships. FUEL CONSUMPTION BY CONTAINERSHIP SIZE AND SPEED Fuel consumption by a containership is mostly a function of ship size and cruising speed, which follows an exponential function above 14 knots. For instance, while a containership of around 8,000 TEU would consume about 225 tons of bunker fuel per day at 24 knots. At 21 knots, this consumption drops to about 150 tons per day, a 33%decline.
THE GEOGRAPHY OF TRANSPORT SYSTEMSCONTENTSMEDIAABOUTCONTACTGLOSSARY1. TRANSPORTATION AND GEOGRAPHY Overview. The mobility of passengers and freight is fundamental to economic and social activities such as commuting, manufacturing, distributing goods, or supplying energy. Each movement has a purpose, an origin, a potential set of intermediate locations, and a destination. Mobility is supported and driven by transport systems that are composed of infrastructures, modes, and terminals. GEOGRAPHY OF TRANSPORT SYSTEMS (5TH EDITION) Geography of Transport Systems (5th Edition) December 22, 2019 Jean-Paul Rodrigue. The web site has been updated to a new design that matches the forthcoming textbook edition (5th). This also include the PowerPoint slides. The Geography of Transport Systems. The CHAPTER 8 – URBAN TRANSPORTATION Chapter 8 – Urban Transportation. Considering that a growing share of the global population lives in cities, urban transportation issues are of foremost importance to support the mobility of passengers in large urban agglomerations. Transportation in urban areas is highly complex because of the modes involved, the multitude of origins and A TYPOLOGY OF TRANSPORTATION NETWORKS A Typology of Transportation Networks. There are many criteria that can be used to classify transportation networks. Its level of abstraction can be considered with tangible network representations closely matching the reality (such as a road map) while conversely an abstract network would only be a symbolization of the nodes and flows (such as an airline network).GATEWAYS AND HUBS
Gateways and Hubs. Gateways and hubs are locations where flows converge and the foremost expression of global connectivity. However, they differ in terms of the nature of their connectivity. While a hub is a central location in a transport system with many inbound and outbound connections of the same mode, a gateway commonly implies ashift
TEMPERATURE STANDARDS FOR THE COLD CHAIN Deep freeze (-25 to -30 Celsius). The coldest temperature range that can be maintained by conventional refrigerated units. This temperature range is used mostly for transporting seafood (particularly shrimp, which is the world’s most consumed seafood) and ice cream. Frozen (-10 to -20 Celsius). Used for transporting frozen meat, including ADVANTAGES AND DRAWBACKS OF CONTAINERIZATION The main cost advantages of containerization are derived from lower intermodal transport costs. Velocity. Transshipment operations are minimal and rapid, and ship port turnaround times have been reduced from 3 weeks to about 24 hours. Because of this transshipment advantage, transport chains involved containers are faster. THE EVOLUTION OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT The Evolution of Supply Chain Management. The evolution of supply chain management has been characterized by an increasing degree of integration of separate tasks, a trend that was underlined in the 1960s as a key area for future productivity improvements since the system was highly fragmented. Although the tasks composing logistics have remained relatively similar, they initially consolidated ECONOMIES AND DISECONOMIES OF SCALE IN CONTAINER SHIPPING Economies and Diseconomies of Scale in Container Shipping. Like many forms of transportation, container shipping benefits from economies of scale in maritime shipping, transshipment, and inland transportation. The rationale of maritime container shipping companies to have larger ships becomes obvious when the benefits, in terms of lower costs per TEU, increase with the capacity of ships. FUEL CONSUMPTION BY CONTAINERSHIP SIZE AND SPEED Fuel consumption by a containership is mostly a function of ship size and cruising speed, which follows an exponential function above 14 knots. For instance, while a containership of around 8,000 TEU would consume about 225 tons of bunker fuel per day at 24 knots. At 21 knots, this consumption drops to about 150 tons per day, a 33%decline.
CHAPTER 8 – URBAN TRANSPORTATION Chapter 8 – Urban Transportation. Considering that a growing share of the global population lives in cities, urban transportation issues are of foremost importance to support the mobility of passengers in large urban agglomerations. Transportation in urban areas is highly complex because of the modes involved, the multitude of origins andGATEWAYS AND HUBS
Gateways and Hubs. Gateways and hubs are locations where flows converge and the foremost expression of global connectivity. However, they differ in terms of the nature of their connectivity. While a hub is a central location in a transport system with many inbound and outbound connections of the same mode, a gateway commonly implies ashift
THE FUNCTIONS OF TRANSPORT SUPPLY AND DEMAND The Functions of Transport Supply and Demand. Transport supply is generally expressed by Aij; the transport supply between location i and j. Indirectly it combines modal supply, the capacity of a mode to support traffic, and intermodal supply, the capacity to transship traffic from one mode to another. For instance, air transport supplybetween
ADVANTAGES AND DRAWBACKS OF CONTAINERIZATION The main cost advantages of containerization are derived from lower intermodal transport costs. Velocity. Transshipment operations are minimal and rapid, and ship port turnaround times have been reduced from 3 weeks to about 24 hours. Because of this transshipment advantage, transport chains involved containers are faster. TYPES OF RAIL TERMINALS Types of Rail Terminals. Rail terminals can be categorized by the passenger and freight markets they service with the function of shunting accounting for an intermediary form. Passenger and freight terminals can also be differentiated by their locational setting: Passengers terminals. The intercity rail terminal, often taking theform of a
8.2 – URBAN LAND USE AND TRANSPORTATION Cellular Automata Land Use Dynamics; For representing complex urban dynamics, a number of transportation land use models have been developed, with the Lowry model among the first (1964). Its core assumption is that regional and urban growth (or decline) is a function of the expansion (or contraction) of the basic sector, which is represented as export-based employment that meets nonNODAL REGION
Nodal Region. A nodal region refers to a subgroup (tree) of nodes polarized by an independent node (which largest flow link connects a smaller node) and a number of subordinate nodes (which largest flow link connects a larger node). Single or multiple linkage analysis methods are used to reveal such regions by removing secondary linksbetween
THE “FOUR TS” IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE The “Four Ts” in International Trade. Source: Spulber, D.F. (2007) Global Competitive Strategy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. There are four major cost components in international trade, known as the “Four Ts”: Transaction costs. The costs related to the economic exchange behind trade. DEVELOPMENT COSTS FOR SELECTED AIRCRAFT Airbus A380. 2007. 14.4 Billion. Boeing 787. 2012. 13.4 Billion. Source: Adapted from Bowen, J. (2010) The Economic Geography of Air Transportation: Space, Time, and the Freedom of the Sky. London: Routledge. Development costs involve a series of costs related to the research and development efforts that goes into a new product, such as LINER TRANSATLANTIC CROSSING TIMES, 1833 One of the last liners, the United States (mainly made of aluminum), held the transatlantic crossing speed record of 3.5 days in 1952. By the 1960s, air transportation has overtaken the supremacy of liners for transatlantic crossings, and reference time became hours instead of days. Liner services disappeared, and the surviving ships becamethe
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THE GEOGRAPHY OF TRANSPORT SYSTEMSOVERVIEW
The MOBILITY of passengers and freight is fundamental to economic and social activities such as commuting, manufacturing, distributing goods, or supplying energy. Each movement has a purpose, an origin, a potential set of intermediate locations, and a destination. Mobility is supported and driven by TRANSPORT SYSTEMS which are composed of infrastructures, modes, and terminals. They enable individuals, institutions, corporations, regions, and nations to interact and assume economic, social, cultural, or political activities. Understanding how mobility is linked with the geography of transportation is the main purpose of this textbook. * What is transport geography? Mainly aimed at an undergraduate audience, the GEOGRAPHY OF TRANSPORT SYSTEMS offers a comprehensive and accessible introduction to the field with a broad overview of its concepts, methods, and areas of application. This material is provided to practitioners, policymakers, educators, researchers, students, and individual learners and includes a wide variety of media elements such as maps, figures, and PowerPoint presentations.
ORGANIZATION
The textbook is divided into twelve chapters. The first nine chapters cover a specific conceptual dimension of transport geography, such as networks, modes, terminals, and urban transportation. In addition to these conventional topics, emerging issues such as globalization, supply chain management, information technologies, energy, and the environment are also thoroughly discussed. Since transport is a field of application, the use of methodologies is particularly relevant to assist transport operators to allocate their resources (investments, infrastructure, vehicles) or to influence public policy. The tenth chapter focuses on qualitative and quantitative methodologies linked with transport geography such as accessibility, spatial interactions, and graph theory. The convergence between methodologies and information technologies has led to many new analytical opportunities, notably with geographic information systems for transportation (GIS-T). Transportation is a very active field of investigation and application to real-world issues, which are covered in the eleventh chapter. These include, among others, city logistics, cruise shipping, high-speed rail, or the financing of transport infrastructure.USAGE CONDITIONS
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
* 1. Transportation and Geography * 2. Transportation and Spatial Structure * 3. Transportation, Economy and Society * 4. Transport, Energy and Environment * 5. Transportation Modes * 6. Transportation Terminals * 7. Trade, Logistics and Freight Distribution * 8. Urban Transportation * 9. Transport Planning and Policy * 10. Methods in Transport Geography * 11. Applications and Case Studies * 12. Challenges for Transport Geography ------------------------- The Geography of Transport SystemsFIFTH EDITION
Jean-Paul Rodrigue (2020), New York: Routledge, 456 pages. ISBN978-0-367-36463-2
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Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Professor of Geography at Hofstra University. His research interests cover transportation and economics as they relate to logistics and global freight distribution. Specific topics include maritime transport systems, global supply chains, gateways and transport corridors.RECENT POSTS
* Container Identification System (updated) * Resilience in transportation and supply chains * Intermodal transport chain (update) * Containerization growth factors * Typology of freight facilities (update)MENU
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