THE TAHRIR INSTITUTE FOR MIDDLE EAST POLICY Our Mission and Approach The Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy (TIMEP) centers localized perspectives in the policy discourse to foster transparent, accountable, and just societies in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Local experts and advocates bring a unique and nuanced understanding of developments, challenges, and opportunities on the ground, yet their TIMEP BRIEF: 2019 CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS Background: On April 16, 2019, 531 members of Egypt’s House of Representatives voted to approve a set of constitutional amendments to the country’s 2014 constitution.The amendments will next be voted on in a national referendum slated to take place April 19–21 for Egyptians abroad and April 20–22 domestically. A simple majority is required for the amendments to go into effect. THE BEIRUT EXPLOSION’S IMPACT ON MENTAL HEALTH TIMEP BRIEF: CONSCRIPTION LAW The Conscription Law has been amended on numerous occasions, most recently in July 2019. Summary: The Conscription Law regulates the duties and conditions of compulsory and reserve military service in Syria. Men between the ages of 18 to 42 are required to serve, and women may enlist voluntarily. Conscripts are required to serve for 18

to 21

TIMEP BRIEF: THE LAW REGULATING THE PRESS, MEDIA, AND THE Background: The Law Regulating the Press, Media, and the Supreme Council for Media Regulation (SCMR), Law No. 180 of 2018, went into effect after it was ratified by President Abdel-Fattah El Sisi and published in the Official Gazette edition dated August 27, 2018.Despite opposition from the Egyptian Syndicate of Journalists when it was still a draft and concerns regarding the constitutionality EGYPT’S RISING SECURITY THREAT Egypt’s Rising Security Threat investigates the phenomena that have contributed to actors’ desire to carry out violence, and considers this violence as deeply rooted in environmental conditions that have allowed for its evolution. The report details the changing nature of Egypt’s security threat, explores Egypt’s security strategy over PROBATION AS COMPOUNDED PUNISHMENT IN EGYPT Probation as Compounded Punishment in Egypt. This week, officers went into the Dokki Police Station and threatened to send Egyptian activist and blogger Alaa Abdel Fattah back to jail if he did not stop talking about the conditions of his probation. At the end of last month, Alaa had been physically released from detention after serving a five TIMEP ANNOUNCES SELECTION OF FIFTH TIMEP-ATLAS CORPS Oumayma Ben Abdallah was selected as the fifth recipient of the Bassem Sabry Democracy Fellowship. She is the first female recipient and will research personal freedoms in Tunisia. AMNESTIES AS A TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE MECHANISM Finally, amnesties that are granted for persons accused of or punished for committing purely political crimes prior to a period of conflict and repression can often help right a EGYPT’S RISING SECURITY THREAT EGYPT’S ISING SECUITY THEAT – THE TAHI INSTITUTE FO MIDDLE EAST POLICY The Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy The Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy (TIMEP), a nonpartisan and nonprofit organization, is dedicated to THE TAHRIR INSTITUTE FOR MIDDLE EAST POLICY Our Mission and Approach The Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy (TIMEP) centers localized perspectives in the policy discourse to foster transparent, accountable, and just societies in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Local experts and advocates bring a unique and nuanced understanding of developments, challenges, and opportunities on the ground, yet their TIMEP BRIEF: 2019 CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS Background: On April 16, 2019, 531 members of Egypt’s House of Representatives voted to approve a set of constitutional amendments to the country’s 2014 constitution.The amendments will next be voted on in a national referendum slated to take place April 19–21 for Egyptians abroad and April 20–22 domestically. A simple majority is required for the amendments to go into effect. THE BEIRUT EXPLOSION’S IMPACT ON MENTAL HEALTH TIMEP BRIEF: CONSCRIPTION LAW The Conscription Law has been amended on numerous occasions, most recently in July 2019. Summary: The Conscription Law regulates the duties and conditions of compulsory and reserve military service in Syria. Men between the ages of 18 to 42 are required to serve, and women may enlist voluntarily. Conscripts are required to serve for 18

to 21

TIMEP BRIEF: THE LAW REGULATING THE PRESS, MEDIA, AND THE Background: The Law Regulating the Press, Media, and the Supreme Council for Media Regulation (SCMR), Law No. 180 of 2018, went into effect after it was ratified by President Abdel-Fattah El Sisi and published in the Official Gazette edition dated August 27, 2018.Despite opposition from the Egyptian Syndicate of Journalists when it was still a draft and concerns regarding the constitutionality EGYPT’S RISING SECURITY THREAT Egypt’s Rising Security Threat investigates the phenomena that have contributed to actors’ desire to carry out violence, and considers this violence as deeply rooted in environmental conditions that have allowed for its evolution. The report details the changing nature of Egypt’s security threat, explores Egypt’s security strategy over PROBATION AS COMPOUNDED PUNISHMENT IN EGYPT Probation as Compounded Punishment in Egypt. This week, officers went into the Dokki Police Station and threatened to send Egyptian activist and blogger Alaa Abdel Fattah back to jail if he did not stop talking about the conditions of his probation. At the end of last month, Alaa had been physically released from detention after serving a five TIMEP ANNOUNCES SELECTION OF FIFTH TIMEP-ATLAS CORPS Oumayma Ben Abdallah was selected as the fifth recipient of the Bassem Sabry Democracy Fellowship. She is the first female recipient and will research personal freedoms in Tunisia. AMNESTIES AS A TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE MECHANISM Finally, amnesties that are granted for persons accused of or punished for committing purely political crimes prior to a period of conflict and repression can often help right a EGYPT’S RISING SECURITY THREAT EGYPT’S ISING SECUITY THEAT – THE TAHI INSTITUTE FO MIDDLE EAST POLICY The Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy The Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy (TIMEP), a nonpartisan and nonprofit organization, is dedicated to TIMEP BRIEF: LAW NO. 149 OF 2019 (NGO LAW) 08/21/2019 TIMEP. Egypt. Background: The Law Governing the Pursuit of Civil Work (commonly known as the NGO Law), Law No. 149 of 2019, went into effect after President Abdel-Fattah El Sisi ratified the law and it was published in the edition of the Official Gazette dated August 19, 2019. In November 2018, and in the wake of widespread criticism TIMEP BRIEF: CONSCRIPTION LAW The Conscription Law has been amended on numerous occasions, most recently in July 2019. Summary: The Conscription Law regulates the duties and conditions of compulsory and reserve military service in Syria. Men between the ages of 18 to 42 are required to serve, and women may enlist voluntarily. Conscripts are required to serve for 18

to 21

TIMEP BRIEF: LAW NO. 10 OF 2018: HOUSING, LAND, AND Background: Syria’s Law No. 10 of 2018, which has significant implications for the property rights of Syrians, was ratified by President Bashar al-Assad on April 2, 2018, and, following widespread condemnation, amended on November 11, 2018. Summary: Law No. 10 contributes to a legal scheme intended to enable the Syrian government to designate land anywhere in the country for redevelopment. TIMEP BRIEF: THE LAW REGULATING THE PRESS, MEDIA, AND THE Background: The Law Regulating the Press, Media, and the Supreme Council for Media Regulation (SCMR), Law No. 180 of 2018, went into effect after it was ratified by President Abdel-Fattah El Sisi and published in the Official Gazette edition dated August 27, 2018.Despite opposition from the Egyptian Syndicate of Journalists when it was still a draft and concerns regarding the constitutionality INTERNS – THE TAHRIR INSTITUTE FOR MIDDLE EAST POLICY Ryan Walsh is a graduate student at the George Washington University's Elliott School of International Affairs, pursuing a Master of Arts in international affairs with dual concentrations in U.S. foreign policy and Middle Eastern studies. TIMEP BRIEF: CASE 173: EGYPT’S FOREIGN FUNDING CASE Summary: On December 20, 2018, the defendants in Case 173, popularly known as Egypt’s foreign funding case, were acquitted in a widely anticipated retrial. The case dates to 2011, when security personnel raided the headquarters of multiple foreign nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Following prosecution in June 2013, 43 Egyptian and non-Egyptian civil society workers, including 16 EGYPT SECURITY WATCH 07/27/2017 . By Allison McManus. The Egyptian Ministry of Defense posted a grainy video to its YouTube channel on Monday: A vehicle slowly approaches a checkpoint south of Arish. Nearby cars drive away and people scatter as a military tank crushes the vehicle, and presumably anyone who was inside. TIMEP BRIEF: PROTEST AND FREEDOM OF ASSEMBLY IN EGYPT TIMEP Brief: Protest and Freedom of Assembly in Egypt. 10/18/2017 TIMEP. Egypt. Egypt’s Protest Law has been invoked against peaceful assemblies despite judicial and legislative attempts to liberalize its Article 10, which delineates the government’s power to prevent protests. Arrests under the Protest Law account for only 12 percent of EGYPT’S RISING SECURITY THREAT EGYPT’S ISING SECUITY THEAT – THE TAHI INSTITUTE FO MIDDLE EAST POLICY The Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy The Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy (TIMEP), a nonpartisan and nonprofit organization, is dedicated to THE RISKS OF EGYPT’S MOUNTING EXTERNAL DEBT The IMF projects Egypt’s debt to decline to 87 percent of GDP by the end of the program in 2018–19 and 68 percent of GDP by 2022–23. IMF’s sees the worst-case scenario when it comes to public debt as “weaker growth and less ambitious fiscal consolidation, in which case public debt will decline modestly to 99 percent of GDP by 2022 THE TAHRIR INSTITUTE FOR MIDDLE EAST POLICY Our Mission and Approach The Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy (TIMEP) centers localized perspectives in the policy discourse to foster transparent, accountable, and just societies in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Local experts and advocates bring a unique and nuanced understanding of developments, challenges, and opportunities on the ground, yet their TIMEP BRIEF: 2019 CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS Background: On April 16, 2019, 531 members of Egypt’s House of Representatives voted to approve a set of constitutional amendments to the country’s 2014 constitution.The amendments will next be voted on in a national referendum slated to take place April 19–21 for Egyptians abroad and April 20–22 domestically. A simple majority is required for the amendments to go into effect. THE BEIRUT EXPLOSION’S IMPACT ON MENTAL HEALTH TIMEP BRIEF: LAW NO. 149 OF 2019 (NGO LAW) 08/21/2019 TIMEP. Egypt. Background: The Law Governing the Pursuit of Civil Work (commonly known as the NGO Law), Law No. 149 of 2019, went into effect after President Abdel-Fattah El Sisi ratified the law and it was published in the edition of the Official Gazette dated August 19, 2019. In November 2018, and in the wake of widespread criticism TIMEP BRIEF: CONSCRIPTION LAW The Conscription Law has been amended on numerous occasions, most recently in July 2019. Summary: The Conscription Law regulates the duties and conditions of compulsory and reserve military service in Syria. Men between the ages of 18 to 42 are required to serve, and women may enlist voluntarily. Conscripts are required to serve for 18

to 21

AMNESTIES AS A TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE MECHANISM Amnesties as a Transitional Justice Mechanism. For a country undergoing or emerging from a period of conflict and repression, it is likely that a number of rights violations have taken place. Rather than punish perpetrators in court for these rights violations, some states instead opt to issue amnesties. Amnesties—considered to be

one of the

TIMEP BRIEF: THE LAW REGULATING THE PRESS, MEDIA, AND THE Background: The Law Regulating the Press, Media, and the Supreme Council for Media Regulation (SCMR), Law No. 180 of 2018, went into effect after it was ratified by President Abdel-Fattah El Sisi and published in the Official Gazette edition dated August 27, 2018.Despite opposition from the Egyptian Syndicate of Journalists when it was still a draft and concerns regarding the constitutionality EGYPT’S RISING SECURITY THREAT Egypt’s Rising Security Threat investigates the phenomena that have contributed to actors’ desire to carry out violence, and considers this violence as deeply rooted in environmental conditions that have allowed for its evolution. The report details the changing nature of Egypt’s security threat, explores Egypt’s security strategy over PROBATION AS COMPOUNDED PUNISHMENT IN EGYPT Probation as Compounded Punishment in Egypt. This week, officers went into the Dokki Police Station and threatened to send Egyptian activist and blogger Alaa Abdel Fattah back to jail if he did not stop talking about the conditions of his probation. At the end of last month, Alaa had been physically released from detention after serving a five EGYPT’S RISING SECURITY THREAT EGYPT’S ISING SECUITY THEAT – THE TAHI INSTITUTE FO MIDDLE EAST POLICY The Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy The Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy (TIMEP), a nonpartisan and nonprofit organization, is dedicated to THE TAHRIR INSTITUTE FOR MIDDLE EAST POLICY Our Mission and Approach The Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy (TIMEP) centers localized perspectives in the policy discourse to foster transparent, accountable, and just societies in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Local experts and advocates bring a unique and nuanced understanding of developments, challenges, and opportunities on the ground, yet their TIMEP BRIEF: 2019 CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS Background: On April 16, 2019, 531 members of Egypt’s House of Representatives voted to approve a set of constitutional amendments to the country’s 2014 constitution.The amendments will next be voted on in a national referendum slated to take place April 19–21 for Egyptians abroad and April 20–22 domestically. A simple majority is required for the amendments to go into effect. THE BEIRUT EXPLOSION’S IMPACT ON MENTAL HEALTH TIMEP BRIEF: LAW NO. 149 OF 2019 (NGO LAW) 08/21/2019 TIMEP. Egypt. Background: The Law Governing the Pursuit of Civil Work (commonly known as the NGO Law), Law No. 149 of 2019, went into effect after President Abdel-Fattah El Sisi ratified the law and it was published in the edition of the Official Gazette dated August 19, 2019. In November 2018, and in the wake of widespread criticism TIMEP BRIEF: CONSCRIPTION LAW The Conscription Law has been amended on numerous occasions, most recently in July 2019. Summary: The Conscription Law regulates the duties and conditions of compulsory and reserve military service in Syria. Men between the ages of 18 to 42 are required to serve, and women may enlist voluntarily. Conscripts are required to serve for 18

to 21

AMNESTIES AS A TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE MECHANISM Amnesties as a Transitional Justice Mechanism. For a country undergoing or emerging from a period of conflict and repression, it is likely that a number of rights violations have taken place. Rather than punish perpetrators in court for these rights violations, some states instead opt to issue amnesties. Amnesties—considered to be

one of the

TIMEP BRIEF: THE LAW REGULATING THE PRESS, MEDIA, AND THE Background: The Law Regulating the Press, Media, and the Supreme Council for Media Regulation (SCMR), Law No. 180 of 2018, went into effect after it was ratified by President Abdel-Fattah El Sisi and published in the Official Gazette edition dated August 27, 2018.Despite opposition from the Egyptian Syndicate of Journalists when it was still a draft and concerns regarding the constitutionality EGYPT’S RISING SECURITY THREAT Egypt’s Rising Security Threat investigates the phenomena that have contributed to actors’ desire to carry out violence, and considers this violence as deeply rooted in environmental conditions that have allowed for its evolution. The report details the changing nature of Egypt’s security threat, explores Egypt’s security strategy over PROBATION AS COMPOUNDED PUNISHMENT IN EGYPT Probation as Compounded Punishment in Egypt. This week, officers went into the Dokki Police Station and threatened to send Egyptian activist and blogger Alaa Abdel Fattah back to jail if he did not stop talking about the conditions of his probation. At the end of last month, Alaa had been physically released from detention after serving a five EGYPT’S RISING SECURITY THREAT EGYPT’S ISING SECUITY THEAT – THE TAHI INSTITUTE FO MIDDLE EAST POLICY The Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy The Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy (TIMEP), a nonpartisan and nonprofit organization, is dedicated to TIMEP BRIEF: CASE 173: EGYPT’S FOREIGN FUNDING CASE Summary: On December 20, 2018, the defendants in Case 173, popularly known as Egypt’s foreign funding case, were acquitted in a widely anticipated retrial. The case dates to 2011, when security personnel raided the headquarters of multiple foreign nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Following prosecution in June 2013, 43 Egyptian and non-Egyptian civil society workers, including 16 THE CONTESTED POLITICS OF COPTIC DIASPORIC ACTIVISM Ideological divides and a lack of collaboration have characterized diasporic Coptic activism over the last five decades. Fragmentation among Coptic organizations with competing narratives and strategies has hindered alliance-building, grassroots mobilization, fundraising, and policy impact. Despite TIMEP BRIEF: PRESS FREEDOM IN EGYPT Summary: Egypt today is among the world’s worst offenders against press freedom. While Egypt’s current constitution enshrines a free press, bans censorship, and ensures press independence, these rights are not protected in practice. The government has frequently imprisoned journalists or blocked them from reporting.

INTERNSHIPS

Join us tomorrow for "Syria: Setting the Agenda," a virtual discussion on the economic, humanitarian, and human rights conditions facing the country with @noor_ham12, @putintintin1, @diana_r7, and @SeifJoumana, moderated by @RawyaRageh.

MICHAEL AKLADIOS

Michael Akladios is the Founder and Director of Egypt Migrations, a non-profit corporation in Canada. An historian of 20 th century Egyptian migrations, his research critically reflects on the mundane transnationalism of Coptic and Muslim middle-class professionals in North American cities. He details the historical trajectory of Coptic diasporic activism in a forthcoming chapter in Dalia COMMENTARY – PAGE 38 – THE TAHRIR INSTITUTE FOR MIDDLE Abdel-Fattah al-Sisi, according to most interpretations, faces a stark decision—run for President of Egypt and confirm both the fears and hopes of different parts of Egyptian society, or stand back, all shades-of-Cincinnatus, and allow someone else to take the helm. TIMEP BRIEF: LAW NO. 10 OF 2018: HOUSING, LAND, AND Background: Syria’s Law No. 10 of 2018, which has significant implications for the property rights of Syrians, was ratified by President Bashar al-Assad on April 2, 2018, and, following widespread condemnation, amended on November 11, 2018. Summary: Law No. 10 contributes to a legal scheme intended to enable the Syrian government to designate land anywhere in the country for redevelopment. EGYPT’S LONG ROAD TO EDUCATION REFORM Egypt’s current education reform plan will receive a $500 million disbursal from the World Bank over five years, with the remaining $1.5 billion coming from the state. On paper, much of what the reform promises appears to be just what the system needs. The new reform plan will center on amending the style and structure of Egypt’s system TIMEP BRIEF: PROTEST AND FREEDOM OF ASSEMBLY IN EGYPT TIMEP Brief: Protest and Freedom of Assembly in Egypt. 10/18/2017 TIMEP. Egypt. Egypt’s Protest Law has been invoked against peaceful assemblies despite judicial and legislative attempts to liberalize its Article 10, which delineates the government’s power to prevent protests. Arrests under the Protest Law account for only 12 percent of TIMEP ANNOUNCES SELECTION OF FIFTH TIMEP-ATLAS CORPS Oumayma Ben Abdallah was selected as the fifth recipient of the Bassem Sabry Democracy Fellowship. She is the first female recipient and will research personal freedoms in Tunisia. THE TAHRIR INSTITUTE FOR MIDDLE EAST POLICY Our Mission and Approach The Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy (TIMEP) centers localized perspectives in the policy discourse to foster transparent, accountable, and just societies in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Local experts and advocates bring a unique and nuanced understanding of developments, challenges, and opportunities on the ground, yet their TIMEP BRIEF: 2019 CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS Background: On April 16, 2019, 531 members of Egypt’s House of Representatives voted to approve a set of constitutional amendments to the country’s 2014 constitution.The amendments will next be voted on in a national referendum slated to take place April 19–21 for Egyptians abroad and April 20–22 domestically. A simple majority is required for the amendments to go into effect. THE BEIRUT EXPLOSION’S IMPACT ON MENTAL HEALTH TIMEP BRIEF: LAW NO. 149 OF 2019 (NGO LAW) 08/21/2019 TIMEP. Egypt. Background: The Law Governing the Pursuit of Civil Work (commonly known as the NGO Law), Law No. 149 of 2019, went into effect after President Abdel-Fattah El Sisi ratified the law and it was published in the edition of the Official Gazette dated August 19, 2019. In November 2018, and in the wake of widespread criticism TIMEP BRIEF: CONSCRIPTION LAW The Conscription Law has been amended on numerous occasions, most recently in July 2019. Summary: The Conscription Law regulates the duties and conditions of compulsory and reserve military service in Syria. Men between the ages of 18 to 42 are required to serve, and women may enlist voluntarily. Conscripts are required to serve for 18

to 21

AMNESTIES AS A TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE MECHANISM Amnesties as a Transitional Justice Mechanism. For a country undergoing or emerging from a period of conflict and repression, it is likely that a number of rights violations have taken place. Rather than punish perpetrators in court for these rights violations, some states instead opt to issue amnesties. Amnesties—considered to be

one of the

TIMEP BRIEF: THE LAW REGULATING THE PRESS, MEDIA, AND THE Background: The Law Regulating the Press, Media, and the Supreme Council for Media Regulation (SCMR), Law No. 180 of 2018, went into effect after it was ratified by President Abdel-Fattah El Sisi and published in the Official Gazette edition dated August 27, 2018.Despite opposition from the Egyptian Syndicate of Journalists when it was still a draft and concerns regarding the constitutionality EGYPT’S RISING SECURITY THREAT Egypt’s Rising Security Threat investigates the phenomena that have contributed to actors’ desire to carry out violence, and considers this violence as deeply rooted in environmental conditions that have allowed for its evolution. The report details the changing nature of Egypt’s security threat, explores Egypt’s security strategy over PROBATION AS COMPOUNDED PUNISHMENT IN EGYPT Probation as Compounded Punishment in Egypt. This week, officers went into the Dokki Police Station and threatened to send Egyptian activist and blogger Alaa Abdel Fattah back to jail if he did not stop talking about the conditions of his probation. At the end of last month, Alaa had been physically released from detention after serving a five EGYPT’S RISING SECURITY THREAT EGYPT’S ISING SECUITY THEAT – THE TAHI INSTITUTE FO MIDDLE EAST POLICY The Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy The Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy (TIMEP), a nonpartisan and nonprofit organization, is dedicated to THE TAHRIR INSTITUTE FOR MIDDLE EAST POLICY Our Mission and Approach The Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy (TIMEP) centers localized perspectives in the policy discourse to foster transparent, accountable, and just societies in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Local experts and advocates bring a unique and nuanced understanding of developments, challenges, and opportunities on the ground, yet their TIMEP BRIEF: 2019 CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS Background: On April 16, 2019, 531 members of Egypt’s House of Representatives voted to approve a set of constitutional amendments to the country’s 2014 constitution.The amendments will next be voted on in a national referendum slated to take place April 19–21 for Egyptians abroad and April 20–22 domestically. A simple majority is required for the amendments to go into effect. THE BEIRUT EXPLOSION’S IMPACT ON MENTAL HEALTH TIMEP BRIEF: LAW NO. 149 OF 2019 (NGO LAW) 08/21/2019 TIMEP. Egypt. Background: The Law Governing the Pursuit of Civil Work (commonly known as the NGO Law), Law No. 149 of 2019, went into effect after President Abdel-Fattah El Sisi ratified the law and it was published in the edition of the Official Gazette dated August 19, 2019. In November 2018, and in the wake of widespread criticism TIMEP BRIEF: CONSCRIPTION LAW The Conscription Law has been amended on numerous occasions, most recently in July 2019. Summary: The Conscription Law regulates the duties and conditions of compulsory and reserve military service in Syria. Men between the ages of 18 to 42 are required to serve, and women may enlist voluntarily. Conscripts are required to serve for 18

to 21

AMNESTIES AS A TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE MECHANISM Amnesties as a Transitional Justice Mechanism. For a country undergoing or emerging from a period of conflict and repression, it is likely that a number of rights violations have taken place. Rather than punish perpetrators in court for these rights violations, some states instead opt to issue amnesties. Amnesties—considered to be

one of the

TIMEP BRIEF: THE LAW REGULATING THE PRESS, MEDIA, AND THE Background: The Law Regulating the Press, Media, and the Supreme Council for Media Regulation (SCMR), Law No. 180 of 2018, went into effect after it was ratified by President Abdel-Fattah El Sisi and published in the Official Gazette edition dated August 27, 2018.Despite opposition from the Egyptian Syndicate of Journalists when it was still a draft and concerns regarding the constitutionality EGYPT’S RISING SECURITY THREAT Egypt’s Rising Security Threat investigates the phenomena that have contributed to actors’ desire to carry out violence, and considers this violence as deeply rooted in environmental conditions that have allowed for its evolution. The report details the changing nature of Egypt’s security threat, explores Egypt’s security strategy over PROBATION AS COMPOUNDED PUNISHMENT IN EGYPT Probation as Compounded Punishment in Egypt. This week, officers went into the Dokki Police Station and threatened to send Egyptian activist and blogger Alaa Abdel Fattah back to jail if he did not stop talking about the conditions of his probation. At the end of last month, Alaa had been physically released from detention after serving a five EGYPT’S RISING SECURITY THREAT EGYPT’S ISING SECUITY THEAT – THE TAHI INSTITUTE FO MIDDLE EAST POLICY The Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy The Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy (TIMEP), a nonpartisan and nonprofit organization, is dedicated to TIMEP BRIEF: CASE 173: EGYPT’S FOREIGN FUNDING CASE Summary: On December 20, 2018, the defendants in Case 173, popularly known as Egypt’s foreign funding case, were acquitted in a widely anticipated retrial. The case dates to 2011, when security personnel raided the headquarters of multiple foreign nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Following prosecution in June 2013, 43 Egyptian and non-Egyptian civil society workers, including 16 THE CONTESTED POLITICS OF COPTIC DIASPORIC ACTIVISM Ideological divides and a lack of collaboration have characterized diasporic Coptic activism over the last five decades. Fragmentation among Coptic organizations with competing narratives and strategies has hindered alliance-building, grassroots mobilization, fundraising, and policy impact. Despite TIMEP BRIEF: PRESS FREEDOM IN EGYPT Summary: Egypt today is among the world’s worst offenders against press freedom. While Egypt’s current constitution enshrines a free press, bans censorship, and ensures press independence, these rights are not protected in practice. The government has frequently imprisoned journalists or blocked them from reporting.

INTERNSHIPS

Join us tomorrow for "Syria: Setting the Agenda," a virtual discussion on the economic, humanitarian, and human rights conditions facing the country with @noor_ham12, @putintintin1, @diana_r7, and @SeifJoumana, moderated by @RawyaRageh.

MICHAEL AKLADIOS

Michael Akladios is the Founder and Director of Egypt Migrations, a non-profit corporation in Canada. An historian of 20 th century Egyptian migrations, his research critically reflects on the mundane transnationalism of Coptic and Muslim middle-class professionals in North American cities. He details the historical trajectory of Coptic diasporic activism in a forthcoming chapter in Dalia COMMENTARY – PAGE 38 – THE TAHRIR INSTITUTE FOR MIDDLE Abdel-Fattah al-Sisi, according to most interpretations, faces a stark decision—run for President of Egypt and confirm both the fears and hopes of different parts of Egyptian society, or stand back, all shades-of-Cincinnatus, and allow someone else to take the helm. TIMEP BRIEF: LAW NO. 10 OF 2018: HOUSING, LAND, AND Background: Syria’s Law No. 10 of 2018, which has significant implications for the property rights of Syrians, was ratified by President Bashar al-Assad on April 2, 2018, and, following widespread condemnation, amended on November 11, 2018. Summary: Law No. 10 contributes to a legal scheme intended to enable the Syrian government to designate land anywhere in the country for redevelopment. EGYPT’S LONG ROAD TO EDUCATION REFORM Egypt’s current education reform plan will receive a $500 million disbursal from the World Bank over five years, with the remaining $1.5 billion coming from the state. On paper, much of what the reform promises appears to be just what the system needs. The new reform plan will center on amending the style and structure of Egypt’s system TIMEP BRIEF: PROTEST AND FREEDOM OF ASSEMBLY IN EGYPT TIMEP Brief: Protest and Freedom of Assembly in Egypt. 10/18/2017 TIMEP. Egypt. Egypt’s Protest Law has been invoked against peaceful assemblies despite judicial and legislative attempts to liberalize its Article 10, which delineates the government’s power to prevent protests. Arrests under the Protest Law account for only 12 percent of TIMEP ANNOUNCES SELECTION OF FIFTH TIMEP-ATLAS CORPS Oumayma Ben Abdallah was selected as the fifth recipient of the Bassem Sabry Democracy Fellowship. She is the first female recipient and will research personal freedoms in Tunisia. THE TAHRIR INSTITUTE FOR MIDDLE EAST POLICY Our Mission and Approach The Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy (TIMEP) centers localized perspectives in the policy discourse to foster transparent, accountable, and just societies in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Local experts and advocates bring a unique and nuanced understanding of developments, challenges, and opportunities on the ground, yet their TIMEP BRIEF: 2019 CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS Background: On April 16, 2019, 531 members of Egypt’s House of Representatives voted to approve a set of constitutional amendments to the country’s 2014 constitution.The amendments will next be voted on in a national referendum slated to take place April 19–21 for Egyptians abroad and April 20–22 domestically. A simple majority is required for the amendments to go into effect. THE BEIRUT EXPLOSION’S IMPACT ON MENTAL HEALTH TIMEP BRIEF: CASE 173: EGYPT’S FOREIGN FUNDING CASE Summary: On December 20, 2018, the defendants in Case 173, popularly known as Egypt’s foreign funding case, were acquitted in a widely anticipated retrial. The case dates to 2011, when security personnel raided the headquarters of multiple foreign nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Following prosecution in June 2013, 43 Egyptian and non-Egyptian civil society workers, including 16 TIMEP BRIEF: EXECUTIONS AND THE DEATH PENALTY TIMEP Brief: Executions and the Death Penalty. 06/17/2019 TIMEP. Egypt. Summary: Since July 2013, Egyptian courts have increasingly carried out executions. According to reporting by the Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights (EIPR), authorities carried out 49 and 43 executions in 2017 and 2018 respectively, a stark escalation from

years prior.

TIMEP BRIEF: USE OF SURVEILLANCE TECHNOLOGY IN MENA Summary: Governments across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) have increasingly procured surveillance technology, often from technology firms based in North America and Europe , in the form of spyware, monitoring centers to intercept communication, and deep packet inspections that monitor and redirect internet flow.While some of these tools ostensibly could have legitimate use for AMNESTIES AS A TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE MECHANISM Amnesties as a Transitional Justice Mechanism. For a country undergoing or emerging from a period of conflict and repression, it is likely that a number of rights violations have taken place. Rather than punish perpetrators in court for these rights violations, some states instead opt to issue amnesties. Amnesties—considered to be

one of the

TIMEP BRIEF: THE LAW REGULATING THE PRESS, MEDIA, AND THE Background: The Law Regulating the Press, Media, and the Supreme Council for Media Regulation (SCMR), Law No. 180 of 2018, went into effect after it was ratified by President Abdel-Fattah El Sisi and published in the Official Gazette edition dated August 27, 2018.Despite opposition from the Egyptian Syndicate of Journalists when it was still a draft and concerns regarding the constitutionality EGYPT’S RISING SECURITY THREAT Egypt’s Rising Security Threat investigates the phenomena that have contributed to actors’ desire to carry out violence, and considers this violence as deeply rooted in environmental conditions that have allowed for its evolution. The report details the changing nature of Egypt’s security threat, explores Egypt’s security strategy over AMNESTIES AS A TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE MECHANISM Finally, amnesties that are granted for persons accused of or punished for committing purely political crimes prior to a period of conflict and repression can often help right a THE TAHRIR INSTITUTE FOR MIDDLE EAST POLICY Our Mission and Approach The Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy (TIMEP) centers localized perspectives in the policy discourse to foster transparent, accountable, and just societies in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Local experts and advocates bring a unique and nuanced understanding of developments, challenges, and opportunities on the ground, yet their TIMEP BRIEF: 2019 CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS Background: On April 16, 2019, 531 members of Egypt’s House of Representatives voted to approve a set of constitutional amendments to the country’s 2014 constitution.The amendments will next be voted on in a national referendum slated to take place April 19–21 for Egyptians abroad and April 20–22 domestically. A simple majority is required for the amendments to go into effect. THE BEIRUT EXPLOSION’S IMPACT ON MENTAL HEALTH TIMEP BRIEF: CASE 173: EGYPT’S FOREIGN FUNDING CASE Summary: On December 20, 2018, the defendants in Case 173, popularly known as Egypt’s foreign funding case, were acquitted in a widely anticipated retrial. The case dates to 2011, when security personnel raided the headquarters of multiple foreign nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Following prosecution in June 2013, 43 Egyptian and non-Egyptian civil society workers, including 16 TIMEP BRIEF: EXECUTIONS AND THE DEATH PENALTY TIMEP Brief: Executions and the Death Penalty. 06/17/2019 TIMEP. Egypt. Summary: Since July 2013, Egyptian courts have increasingly carried out executions. According to reporting by the Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights (EIPR), authorities carried out 49 and 43 executions in 2017 and 2018 respectively, a stark escalation from

years prior.

TIMEP BRIEF: USE OF SURVEILLANCE TECHNOLOGY IN MENA Summary: Governments across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) have increasingly procured surveillance technology, often from technology firms based in North America and Europe , in the form of spyware, monitoring centers to intercept communication, and deep packet inspections that monitor and redirect internet flow.While some of these tools ostensibly could have legitimate use for AMNESTIES AS A TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE MECHANISM Amnesties as a Transitional Justice Mechanism. For a country undergoing or emerging from a period of conflict and repression, it is likely that a number of rights violations have taken place. Rather than punish perpetrators in court for these rights violations, some states instead opt to issue amnesties. Amnesties—considered to be

one of the

TIMEP BRIEF: THE LAW REGULATING THE PRESS, MEDIA, AND THE Background: The Law Regulating the Press, Media, and the Supreme Council for Media Regulation (SCMR), Law No. 180 of 2018, went into effect after it was ratified by President Abdel-Fattah El Sisi and published in the Official Gazette edition dated August 27, 2018.Despite opposition from the Egyptian Syndicate of Journalists when it was still a draft and concerns regarding the constitutionality EGYPT’S RISING SECURITY THREAT Egypt’s Rising Security Threat investigates the phenomena that have contributed to actors’ desire to carry out violence, and considers this violence as deeply rooted in environmental conditions that have allowed for its evolution. The report details the changing nature of Egypt’s security threat, explores Egypt’s security strategy over AMNESTIES AS A TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE MECHANISM Finally, amnesties that are granted for persons accused of or punished for committing purely political crimes prior to a period of conflict and repression can often help right a TIMEP BRIEF: EXECUTIONS AND THE DEATH PENALTY TIMEP Brief: Executions and the Death Penalty. 06/17/2019 TIMEP. Egypt. Summary: Since July 2013, Egyptian courts have increasingly carried out executions. According to reporting by the Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights (EIPR), authorities carried out 49 and 43 executions in 2017 and 2018 respectively, a stark escalation from

years prior.

TIMEP BRIEF: CONSCRIPTION LAW The Conscription Law has been amended on numerous occasions, most recently in July 2019. Summary: The Conscription Law regulates the duties and conditions of compulsory and reserve military service in Syria. Men between the ages of 18 to 42 are required to serve, and women may enlist voluntarily. Conscripts are required to serve for 18

to 21

TIMEP BRIEF: USE OF SURVEILLANCE TECHNOLOGY IN MENA Summary: Governments across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) have increasingly procured surveillance technology, often from technology firms based in North America and Europe , in the form of spyware, monitoring centers to intercept communication, and deep packet inspections that monitor and redirect internet flow.While some of these tools ostensibly could have legitimate use for TIMEP BRIEF: THE LAW REGULATING THE PRESS, MEDIA, AND THE Background: The Law Regulating the Press, Media, and the Supreme Council for Media Regulation (SCMR), Law No. 180 of 2018, went into effect after it was ratified by President Abdel-Fattah El Sisi and published in the Official Gazette edition dated August 27, 2018.Despite opposition from the Egyptian Syndicate of Journalists when it was still a draft and concerns regarding the constitutionality

MICHAEL AKLADIOS

Michael Akladios is the Founder and Director of Egypt Migrations, a non-profit corporation in Canada. An historian of 20 th century Egyptian migrations, his research critically reflects on the mundane transnationalism of Coptic and Muslim middle-class professionals in North American cities. He details the historical trajectory of Coptic diasporic activism in a forthcoming chapter in Dalia NONRESIDENT FELLOWSHIP TIMEP’s Nonresident Fellowship program supports advocates, scholars, and analysts based on the ground in the MENA region or with significant ties to the region whose work advances the accountable, transparent, and just societies that TIMEP is committed to fostering. TIMEP recruits many of its nonresident fellows in an annual cohort, creating a unique opportunity for COMMENTARY – PAGE 38 – THE TAHRIR INSTITUTE FOR MIDDLE Abdel-Fattah al-Sisi, according to most interpretations, faces a stark decision—run for President of Egypt and confirm both the fears and hopes of different parts of Egyptian society, or stand back, all shades-of-Cincinnatus, and allow someone else to take the helm. INTERNS – THE TAHRIR INSTITUTE FOR MIDDLE EAST POLICY Ryan Walsh is a graduate student at the George Washington University's Elliott School of International Affairs, pursuing a Master of Arts in international affairs with dual concentrations in U.S. foreign policy and Middle Eastern studies. THE CONTESTED POLITICS OF COPTIC DIASPORIC ACTIVISM Ideological divides and a lack of collaboration have characterized diasporic Coptic activism over the last five decades. Fragmentation among Coptic organizations with competing narratives and strategies has hindered alliance-building, grassroots mobilization, fundraising, and policy impact. Despite ART AS POLITICAL EXPRESSION Pablo Picasso once said, “If everyone would paint, political re-education would be unnecessary.” Freedom of expression is one of the pillars of democracy – it takes on many forms and spreads on myriad platforms. Regrettably, artistic expression rarely receives the attention it deserves. The lack of in-depth political analysis of artistic expression is unfortunate, as

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COVID-19 in Syria: Short- and Long-Term Implications for a Country in

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05/14/2020 . By Diana Rayes Relative to other countries in the region, Syria is exceptionally unprepared to manage the potential of a COVID-19 outbreak. Even before the beginning of the conflict in 2011, Syria’s healthcare infrastructure, including the national health system’s capacity to prepare and respond to outbreaks, was considered below average in comparison to other MENA countries. How has Egypt navigated the ongoing global economic fallout as a

result of COVID-19?

05/11/2020 . By Mohamed El Dahshan No country in the world will emerge from the COVID-19 pandemic unscathed. As states and societies learn how to manage the virus and implement regulations to slow its spread, they must also devise policies to mitigate the economic impact of the crisis–an impact that has yet to be fully estimated.

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TIMEP Brief: Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam 12/09/2019 . By TIMEP The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, a 6,500-megawatt hydroelectric power plant being constructed in Ethiopia, has been a major point of contention between Egypt and its southern neighbors. TIMEP Brief: China’s Role in Egypt’s Economy 11/21/2019 . By TIMEP China’s interests in Egypt have brought valuable revenue into the country, but their long-term social impact is unclear, and the strengthening of ties may facilitate rights abuses as China has interrogated and repatriated members of its Muslim Uighur community

from Egypt.

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