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VIRTUAL PROJECTS
Crystal Earphone Blaster. This file is an experimental audio amplifier that will drive a crystal earphone with lots of voltage while consuming only about 500 uA. Crystal earphones exhibit a high impedance to audio and a high voltage is needed to make them really loud. The bias scheme is from a National Semiconductor application note from many years back. I think it was for the LM394. The bias INFRASOUND - TECHLIB.COM Infrasound is simply sound below the human's hearing range, typically below 20 Hz. At such low frequency a true sound wave causes the localpressure to go
TWO-DIODE ODD-ORDER FREQUENCY MULTIPLIERS Two-Diode Odd-Order Frequency Multipliers. It is often necessary to multiply the frequency of low noise oscillators without significantly degrading the phase noise beyond the theoretical 20 log (N). Low noise frequency doublers constructed with Schottky signal diodes are readily available but higher-order multipliers often exhibit high flickerINDUCTION RECEIVERS
Induction Receiver. The induction receiver shown below is very sensitive and can serve a variety of purposes. It is excellent for tracing wiring behind walls, receiving audio from an induction transmitter, hearing lightning and other electric discharges, and monitoring a telephone or other device that produces an audio magnetic field ("telephone pickup coil"). CRYSTAL RADIO CIRCUITS Below is a typical application using it with the first crystal radio circuit on this page. The amplifier provides good volume with a modest antenna. You may want a volume control as with the TL431 project! Or use the Crystal Radio RF Amplifier directly above forOVEN CONTROLLERS
Temperature Control Circuits. Here is a simple temperature controller suitable for a variety of purposes; it was designed to heat the copper float out of a toilet for a barometer!REFLEX RECEIVERS
Wonderful One-Transistor Reflex Radio If you are going to build a one-transistor radio, make it this one! This reflex radio project was inspired by Robert Bazian 's design.His reflex radio is the "darndest" thing I have seen and his spectacular results inspired me to come up with my own version. VLF WHISTLER RECEPTION Any n-channel JFET with an Idss of at least a few mA should work, but add a 1k ohm in series with the gate. If oscillation occurs, try adding a capacitor to ground across the GEIGER COUNTER CIRCUITS High Voltage Generator for Geiger Tubes The following two circuits are an improvement over the older circuits below. The circuits are shown generating 500 volts but they may be modified to supply a couple of hundred to nearly 1000 volts by changing the zener diodes. "B" BATTERY REPLACEMENT Hello, Thanks for the site on the "B" battery. I knew how to make a package but I really like the fact that you designed the box! Here's a small suggestion: Add a Rayovac #840 4.5 vdc Computer clock battery. I found one at a swap meet for $1. and with the additional 7 - 9 vdc batteries, it makes a total of 67.5 vdc.VIRTUAL PROJECTS
Crystal Earphone Blaster. This file is an experimental audio amplifier that will drive a crystal earphone with lots of voltage while consuming only about 500 uA. Crystal earphones exhibit a high impedance to audio and a high voltage is needed to make them really loud. The bias scheme is from a National Semiconductor application note from many years back. I think it was for the LM394. The bias INFRASOUND - TECHLIB.COM Infrasound is simply sound below the human's hearing range, typically below 20 Hz. At such low frequency a true sound wave causes the localpressure to go
TWO-DIODE ODD-ORDER FREQUENCY MULTIPLIERS Two-Diode Odd-Order Frequency Multipliers. It is often necessary to multiply the frequency of low noise oscillators without significantly degrading the phase noise beyond the theoretical 20 log (N). Low noise frequency doublers constructed with Schottky signal diodes are readily available but higher-order multipliers often exhibit high flickerINDUCTION RECEIVERS
Induction Receiver. The induction receiver shown below is very sensitive and can serve a variety of purposes. It is excellent for tracing wiring behind walls, receiving audio from an induction transmitter, hearing lightning and other electric discharges, and monitoring a telephone or other device that produces an audio magnetic field ("telephone pickup coil"). CRYSTAL RADIO CIRCUITS Below is a typical application using it with the first crystal radio circuit on this page. The amplifier provides good volume with a modest antenna. You may want a volume control as with the TL431 project! Or use the Crystal Radio RF Amplifier directly above forOVEN CONTROLLERS
Temperature Control Circuits. Here is a simple temperature controller suitable for a variety of purposes; it was designed to heat the copper float out of a toilet for a barometer!REFLEX RECEIVERS
Wonderful One-Transistor Reflex Radio If you are going to build a one-transistor radio, make it this one! This reflex radio project was inspired by Robert Bazian 's design.His reflex radio is the "darndest" thing I have seen and his spectacular results inspired me to come up with my own version. VLF WHISTLER RECEPTION Any n-channel JFET with an Idss of at least a few mA should work, but add a 1k ohm in series with the gate. If oscillation occurs, try adding a capacitor to ground across the GEIGER COUNTER CIRCUITS High Voltage Generator for Geiger Tubes The following two circuits are an improvement over the older circuits below. The circuits are shown generating 500 volts but they may be modified to supply a couple of hundred to nearly 1000 volts by changing the zener diodes. "B" BATTERY REPLACEMENT Hello, Thanks for the site on the "B" battery. I knew how to make a package but I really like the fact that you designed the box! Here's a small suggestion: Add a Rayovac #840 4.5 vdc Computer clock battery. I found one at a swap meet for $1. and with the additional 7 - 9 vdc batteries, it makes a total of 67.5 vdc. INFRASOUND - TECHLIB.COM Infrasound is simply sound below the human's hearing range, typically below 20 Hz. At such low frequency a true sound wave causes the localpressure to go
REFLEX RECEIVERS
Wonderful One-Transistor Reflex Radio If you are going to build a one-transistor radio, make it this one! This reflex radio project was inspired by Robert Bazian 's design.His reflex radio is the "darndest" thing I have seen and his spectacular results inspired me to come up with my own version. REGENERATIVE RECEIVERS Regenerative Receivers. Regenerative receivers provide a surprising level of performance with only a handful of components. They excel at receiving amplitude modulated signals from below the AM broadcast band up to the higher short-wave bands above which the superregenerative detector becomes the better choice. "B" BATTERY REPLACEMENT Hello, Thanks for the site on the "B" battery. I knew how to make a package but I really like the fact that you designed the box! Here's a small suggestion: Add a Rayovac #840 4.5 vdc Computer clock battery. I found one at a swap meet for $1. and with the additional 7 - 9 vdc batteries, it makes a total of 67.5 vdc.KAREN'S CORNER
Message Wand. The message wand is a good PIC introduction as it is a simple project yet illustrates many aspects of the PIC usage. Used at night, the wand is swung around above the head, and to onlookers spells out a short message in the air using flashing LEDs. QUICK RADON DETECTOR FOR THE STUDENT Extra-Difficult and "Off the Wall" Ideas. Here are a few ideas that are difficult for beginners, but intriguing, nonetheless: Build an airtight glove box and place the radon detector and a sample of a mineral to be tested inside for a week or two. FM BAND PREAMPLIFIER 220 pF 100 Ω 1 uH.001 uF U310.01 uF +12 VDC Transformer (see text) 10 uF 100 Ω S D G IN OUT + FM-Band Preamplifier Here is a high performance RF amplifier for the FM band which can be successfullyROBERT'S RADIO
Robert's One-Transistor Reflex Receiver. Here is Robert Bazian's (editingrus@yahoo.com) amazing radio.It uses only one transistor for gain but manages to pick up several stations clearly with no external antenna and it drives a speaker, too! HO GAGE RAILROAD TRACK CLEANER/VACUUM CAR The tube/plate fixture moves freely up and down. The side inlets clean dust off the rails. There’s enough air flow to do this as well as pick up particles from the track ties. ELECTRONIC MUSICAL DOORBELL ELECTRONIC MUSICAL DOORBELL This is an old project that we still use today. The chip has 12 different melodies. It is set so that each time the doorbell switch is pressed, a different tune plays.VIRTUAL PROJECTS
Crystal Earphone Blaster. This file is an experimental audio amplifier that will drive a crystal earphone with lots of voltage while consuming only about 500 uA. Crystal earphones exhibit a high impedance to audio and a high voltage is needed to make them really loud. The bias scheme is from a National Semiconductor application note from many years back. I think it was for the LM394. The bias INFRASOUND - TECHLIB.COM Infrasound is simply sound below the human's hearing range, typically below 20 Hz. At such low frequency a true sound wave causes the localpressure to go
CB BAND FREQUENCY CHART The "Typical IF" frequency is the frequency that is commonly used with 455 kHz If amplifiers; this frequency is often called the "receive frequency" when referring to crystals. CRYSTAL RADIO CIRCUITS Below is a typical application using it with the first crystal radio circuit on this page. The amplifier provides good volume with a modest antenna. You may want a volume control as with the TL431 project! Or use the Crystal Radio RF Amplifier directly above for VLF WHISTLER RECEPTION Any n-channel JFET with an Idss of at least a few mA should work, but add a 1k ohm in series with the gate. If oscillation occurs, try adding a capacitor to ground across theOVEN CONTROLLERS
Temperature Control Circuits. Here is a simple temperature controller suitable for a variety of purposes; it was designed to heat the copper float out of a toilet for a barometer!KAREN'S CORNER
Message Wand. The message wand is a good PIC introduction as it is a simple project yet illustrates many aspects of the PIC usage. Used at night, the wand is swung around above the head, and to onlookers spells out a short message in the air using flashing LEDs. GEIGER COUNTER CIRCUITS High Voltage Generator for Geiger Tubes The following two circuits are an improvement over the older circuits below. The circuits are shown generating 500 volts but they may be modified to supply a couple of hundred to nearly 1000 volts by changing the zener diodes. "B" BATTERY REPLACEMENT Hello, Thanks for the site on the "B" battery. I knew how to make a package but I really like the fact that you designed the box! Here's a small suggestion: Add a Rayovac #840 4.5 vdc Computer clock battery. I found one at a swap meet for $1. and with the additional 7 - 9 vdc batteries, it makes a total of 67.5 vdc. HO GAGE RAILROAD TRACK CLEANER/VACUUM CAR The tube/plate fixture moves freely up and down. The side inlets clean dust off the rails. There’s enough air flow to do this as well as pick up particles from the track ties.VIRTUAL PROJECTS
Crystal Earphone Blaster. This file is an experimental audio amplifier that will drive a crystal earphone with lots of voltage while consuming only about 500 uA. Crystal earphones exhibit a high impedance to audio and a high voltage is needed to make them really loud. The bias scheme is from a National Semiconductor application note from many years back. I think it was for the LM394. The bias INFRASOUND - TECHLIB.COM Infrasound is simply sound below the human's hearing range, typically below 20 Hz. At such low frequency a true sound wave causes the localpressure to go
CB BAND FREQUENCY CHART The "Typical IF" frequency is the frequency that is commonly used with 455 kHz If amplifiers; this frequency is often called the "receive frequency" when referring to crystals. CRYSTAL RADIO CIRCUITS Below is a typical application using it with the first crystal radio circuit on this page. The amplifier provides good volume with a modest antenna. You may want a volume control as with the TL431 project! Or use the Crystal Radio RF Amplifier directly above for VLF WHISTLER RECEPTION Any n-channel JFET with an Idss of at least a few mA should work, but add a 1k ohm in series with the gate. If oscillation occurs, try adding a capacitor to ground across theOVEN CONTROLLERS
Temperature Control Circuits. Here is a simple temperature controller suitable for a variety of purposes; it was designed to heat the copper float out of a toilet for a barometer!KAREN'S CORNER
Message Wand. The message wand is a good PIC introduction as it is a simple project yet illustrates many aspects of the PIC usage. Used at night, the wand is swung around above the head, and to onlookers spells out a short message in the air using flashing LEDs. GEIGER COUNTER CIRCUITS High Voltage Generator for Geiger Tubes The following two circuits are an improvement over the older circuits below. The circuits are shown generating 500 volts but they may be modified to supply a couple of hundred to nearly 1000 volts by changing the zener diodes. "B" BATTERY REPLACEMENT Hello, Thanks for the site on the "B" battery. I knew how to make a package but I really like the fact that you designed the box! Here's a small suggestion: Add a Rayovac #840 4.5 vdc Computer clock battery. I found one at a swap meet for $1. and with the additional 7 - 9 vdc batteries, it makes a total of 67.5 vdc. HO GAGE RAILROAD TRACK CLEANER/VACUUM CAR The tube/plate fixture moves freely up and down. The side inlets clean dust off the rails. There’s enough air flow to do this as well as pick up particles from the track ties. TECHLIB.COM ELECTRONICS Noisemaking Circuits (police siren and chime) Temperature Controlled Ovens. Christmas Tree (or other plant) Moisture Monitor. Kitchen Circuits. Galloping Neons (array of blinking neon lamps) Deer Repellent (seismic sensor) Shower Stopper. Gag Circuits: magic lamp, dripper, remote control jammer.TECHNICAL LIBRARY
A technical library for the hobbyist and electronics experimenter.Select a link above, a featured item below, or use the search tool below. This website is still a bit of a train wreck with "bad" links, missing graphics and mysteriously old pages. CRYSTAL RADIO CIRCUITS Below is a typical application using it with the first crystal radio circuit on this page. The amplifier provides good volume with a modest antenna. You may want a volume control as with the TL431 project! Or use the Crystal Radio RF Amplifier directly above for even more sensitivity with less than 2 REGENERATIVE RECEIVERS Regenerative Receivers. Regenerative receivers provide a surprising level of performance with only a handful of components. They excel at receiving amplitude modulated signals from below the AM broadcast band up to the higher short-wave bands above which the superregenerative detector becomes the better choice.LOW FREQ. ANTENNAS
Antennas . Home-made antennas can greatly improve the performance of AM and FM radios, short-wave receivers, and scanners. If you are a talk-radio fan then experiment with the AM band antennas and you will be able to hear shows from all over the country with surprisingclarity.
INDUCTION RECEIVERS
Induction Receiver. The induction receiver shown below is very sensitive and can serve a variety of purposes. It is excellent for tracing wiring behind walls, receiving audio from an induction transmitter, hearing lightning and other electric discharges, and monitoring a telephone or other device that produces an audio magnetic field ("telephone pickup coil").OLD CLOCK CHIPS
I recently purchased a large lot of old National Semiconductor ICs on eBay; I was interested in the JFET op-amps. In the lot were several MM5402N clock chips. "B" BATTERY REPLACEMENT Hello, Thanks for the site on the "B" battery. I knew how to make a package but I really like the fact that you designed the box! Here's a small suggestion: Add a Rayovac #840 4.5 vdc Computer clock battery. I found one at a swap meet for $1. and with the additional 7 - 9 vdc batteries, it makes a total of 67.5 vdc. QUICK RADON DETECTOR FOR THE STUDENT Radon Detector for the Student. Introduction. This ionization chamber radon detector is designed to be easy for the student or hobbyist tobuild and use.
ASTABLE FLIP-FLOPS
Astable Flip-Flop Circuits. The familiar astable flip-flop circuit is a handy configuration for making flashers or generating squarewaves. Here is a typical alternating LED flasher with the LEDs in the emitters instead of collectors as is normally done. (There is another good reason to put them in the emitters - see Karen's note below.VIRTUAL PROJECTS
Crystal Earphone Blaster. This file is an experimental audio amplifier that will drive a crystal earphone with lots of voltage while consuming only about 500 uA. Crystal earphones exhibit a high impedance to audio and a high voltage is needed to make them really loud. The bias scheme is from a National Semiconductor application note from many years back. I think it was for the LM394. The bias INFRASOUND - TECHLIB.COM Infrasound is simply sound below the human's hearing range, typically below 20 Hz. At such low frequency a true sound wave causes the localpressure to go
TWO-DIODE ODD-ORDER FREQUENCY MULTIPLIERS Two-Diode Odd-Order Frequency Multipliers. It is often necessary to multiply the frequency of low noise oscillators without significantly degrading the phase noise beyond the theoretical 20 log (N). Low noise frequency doublers constructed with Schottky signal diodes are readily available but higher-order multipliers often exhibit high flickerREFLEX RECEIVERS
Wonderful One-Transistor Reflex Radio If you are going to build a one-transistor radio, make it this one! This reflex radio project was inspired by Robert Bazian 's design.His reflex radio is the "darndest" thing I have seen and his spectacular results inspired me to come up with my own version.OVEN CONTROLLERS
Temperature Control Circuits. Here is a simple temperature controller suitable for a variety of purposes; it was designed to heat the copper float out of a toilet for a barometer!KAREN'S CORNER
Message Wand. The message wand is a good PIC introduction as it is a simple project yet illustrates many aspects of the PIC usage. Used at night, the wand is swung around above the head, and to onlookers spells out a short message in the air using flashing LEDs. GEIGER COUNTER CIRCUITS High Voltage Generator for Geiger Tubes The following two circuits are an improvement over the older circuits below. The circuits are shown generating 500 volts but they may be modified to supply a couple of hundred to nearly 1000 volts by changing the zener diodes. VLF WHISTLER RECEPTION Any n-channel JFET with an Idss of at least a few mA should work, but add a 1k ohm in series with the gate. If oscillation occurs, try adding a capacitor to ground across the "B" BATTERY REPLACEMENT Hello, Thanks for the site on the "B" battery. I knew how to make a package but I really like the fact that you designed the box! Here's a small suggestion: Add a Rayovac #840 4.5 vdc Computer clock battery. I found one at a swap meet for $1. and with the additional 7 - 9 vdc batteries, it makes a total of 67.5 vdc. HO GAGE RAILROAD TRACK CLEANER/VACUUM CAR The tube/plate fixture moves freely up and down. The side inlets clean dust off the rails. There’s enough air flow to do this as well as pick up particles from the track ties.VIRTUAL PROJECTS
Crystal Earphone Blaster. This file is an experimental audio amplifier that will drive a crystal earphone with lots of voltage while consuming only about 500 uA. Crystal earphones exhibit a high impedance to audio and a high voltage is needed to make them really loud. The bias scheme is from a National Semiconductor application note from many years back. I think it was for the LM394. The bias INFRASOUND - TECHLIB.COM Infrasound is simply sound below the human's hearing range, typically below 20 Hz. At such low frequency a true sound wave causes the localpressure to go
TWO-DIODE ODD-ORDER FREQUENCY MULTIPLIERS Two-Diode Odd-Order Frequency Multipliers. It is often necessary to multiply the frequency of low noise oscillators without significantly degrading the phase noise beyond the theoretical 20 log (N). Low noise frequency doublers constructed with Schottky signal diodes are readily available but higher-order multipliers often exhibit high flickerREFLEX RECEIVERS
Wonderful One-Transistor Reflex Radio If you are going to build a one-transistor radio, make it this one! This reflex radio project was inspired by Robert Bazian 's design.His reflex radio is the "darndest" thing I have seen and his spectacular results inspired me to come up with my own version.OVEN CONTROLLERS
Temperature Control Circuits. Here is a simple temperature controller suitable for a variety of purposes; it was designed to heat the copper float out of a toilet for a barometer!KAREN'S CORNER
Message Wand. The message wand is a good PIC introduction as it is a simple project yet illustrates many aspects of the PIC usage. Used at night, the wand is swung around above the head, and to onlookers spells out a short message in the air using flashing LEDs. GEIGER COUNTER CIRCUITS High Voltage Generator for Geiger Tubes The following two circuits are an improvement over the older circuits below. The circuits are shown generating 500 volts but they may be modified to supply a couple of hundred to nearly 1000 volts by changing the zener diodes. VLF WHISTLER RECEPTION Any n-channel JFET with an Idss of at least a few mA should work, but add a 1k ohm in series with the gate. If oscillation occurs, try adding a capacitor to ground across the "B" BATTERY REPLACEMENT Hello, Thanks for the site on the "B" battery. I knew how to make a package but I really like the fact that you designed the box! Here's a small suggestion: Add a Rayovac #840 4.5 vdc Computer clock battery. I found one at a swap meet for $1. and with the additional 7 - 9 vdc batteries, it makes a total of 67.5 vdc. HO GAGE RAILROAD TRACK CLEANER/VACUUM CAR The tube/plate fixture moves freely up and down. The side inlets clean dust off the rails. There’s enough air flow to do this as well as pick up particles from the track ties. REGENERATIVE RECEIVERS Regenerative Receivers. Regenerative receivers provide a surprising level of performance with only a handful of components. They excel at receiving amplitude modulated signals from below the AM broadcast band up to the higher short-wave bands above which the superregenerative detector becomes the better choice.REFLEX RECEIVERS
Wonderful One-Transistor Reflex Radio If you are going to build a one-transistor radio, make it this one! This reflex radio project was inspired by Robert Bazian 's design.His reflex radio is the "darndest" thing I have seen and his spectacular results inspired me to come up with my own version. CRYSTAL RADIO CIRCUITS Below is a typical application using it with the first crystal radio circuit on this page. The amplifier provides good volume with a modest antenna. You may want a volume control as with the TL431 project! Or use the Crystal Radio RF Amplifier directly above for even more sensitivity with less than 2INDUCTION RECEIVERS
Induction Receiver. The induction receiver shown below is very sensitive and can serve a variety of purposes. It is excellent for tracing wiring behind walls, receiving audio from an induction transmitter, hearing lightning and other electric discharges, and monitoring a telephone or other device that produces an audio magnetic field ("telephone pickup coil").LOW FREQ. ANTENNAS
Antennas . Home-made antennas can greatly improve the performance of AM and FM radios, short-wave receivers, and scanners. If you are a talk-radio fan then experiment with the AM band antennas and you will be able to hear shows from all over the country with surprisingclarity.
HIGH VOLTAGE CIRCUITS High Voltage Generator for Low Current Applications. Here is a simple circuit for generating over 100 volts from a 12 volt source for powering low current devices and experiments. The two transistors may be 2N4401 and 2N4403 or similar for lower power applications or higher power devices for heavier loads. If more power is desired then lowerLOWFER PROJECTS
Altoids Tin LowFER Transmitter. Here's a complete LF Beacon transmitter for LowFER (Low-Frequency Experimental Radio). The transmitter is designed for license-free operation between 160 kHz and 190 kHz, consuming the legal limit of 1 watt power input to the finalRF output stage.
OLD CLOCK CHIPS
I recently purchased a large lot of old National Semiconductor ICs on eBay; I was interested in the JFET op-amps. In the lot were several MM5402N clock chips. QUICK RADON DETECTOR FOR THE STUDENT Extra-Difficult and "Off the Wall" Ideas. Here are a few ideas that are difficult for beginners, but intriguing, nonetheless: Build an airtight glove box and place the radon detector and a sample of a mineral to be tested inside for a week or two.ROBERT'S RADIO
Robert's One-Transistor Reflex Receiver. Here is Robert Bazian's (editingrus@yahoo.com) amazing radio.It uses only one transistor for gain but manages to pick up several stations clearly with no external antenna and it drives a speaker, too!VIRTUAL PROJECTS
Crystal Earphone Blaster. This file is an experimental audio amplifier that will drive a crystal earphone with lots of voltage while consuming only about 500 uA. Crystal earphones exhibit a high impedance to audio and a high voltage is needed to make them really loud. The bias scheme is from a National Semiconductor application note from many years back. I think it was for the LM394. The bias INFRASOUND - TECHLIB.COM Infrasound is simply sound below the human's hearing range, typically below 20 Hz. At such low frequency a true sound wave causes the localpressure to go
TWO-DIODE ODD-ORDER FREQUENCY MULTIPLIERS Two-Diode Odd-Order Frequency Multipliers. It is often necessary to multiply the frequency of low noise oscillators without significantly degrading the phase noise beyond the theoretical 20 log (N). Low noise frequency doublers constructed with Schottky signal diodes are readily available but higher-order multipliers often exhibit high flickerREFLEX RECEIVERS
Wonderful One-Transistor Reflex Radio If you are going to build a one-transistor radio, make it this one! This reflex radio project was inspired by Robert Bazian 's design.His reflex radio is the "darndest" thing I have seen and his spectacular results inspired me to come up with my own version.OVEN CONTROLLERS
Temperature Control Circuits. Here is a simple temperature controller suitable for a variety of purposes; it was designed to heat the copper float out of a toilet for a barometer!KAREN'S CORNER
Message Wand. The message wand is a good PIC introduction as it is a simple project yet illustrates many aspects of the PIC usage. Used at night, the wand is swung around above the head, and to onlookers spells out a short message in the air using flashing LEDs. GEIGER COUNTER CIRCUITS High Voltage Generator for Geiger Tubes The following two circuits are an improvement over the older circuits below. The circuits are shown generating 500 volts but they may be modified to supply a couple of hundred to nearly 1000 volts by changing the zener diodes. VLF WHISTLER RECEPTION Any n-channel JFET with an Idss of at least a few mA should work, but add a 1k ohm in series with the gate. If oscillation occurs, try adding a capacitor to ground across the "B" BATTERY REPLACEMENT Hello, Thanks for the site on the "B" battery. I knew how to make a package but I really like the fact that you designed the box! Here's a small suggestion: Add a Rayovac #840 4.5 vdc Computer clock battery. I found one at a swap meet for $1. and with the additional 7 - 9 vdc batteries, it makes a total of 67.5 vdc. HO GAGE RAILROAD TRACK CLEANER/VACUUM CAR The tube/plate fixture moves freely up and down. The side inlets clean dust off the rails. There’s enough air flow to do this as well as pick up particles from the track ties.VIRTUAL PROJECTS
Crystal Earphone Blaster. This file is an experimental audio amplifier that will drive a crystal earphone with lots of voltage while consuming only about 500 uA. Crystal earphones exhibit a high impedance to audio and a high voltage is needed to make them really loud. The bias scheme is from a National Semiconductor application note from many years back. I think it was for the LM394. The bias INFRASOUND - TECHLIB.COM Infrasound is simply sound below the human's hearing range, typically below 20 Hz. At such low frequency a true sound wave causes the localpressure to go
TWO-DIODE ODD-ORDER FREQUENCY MULTIPLIERS Two-Diode Odd-Order Frequency Multipliers. It is often necessary to multiply the frequency of low noise oscillators without significantly degrading the phase noise beyond the theoretical 20 log (N). Low noise frequency doublers constructed with Schottky signal diodes are readily available but higher-order multipliers often exhibit high flickerREFLEX RECEIVERS
Wonderful One-Transistor Reflex Radio If you are going to build a one-transistor radio, make it this one! This reflex radio project was inspired by Robert Bazian 's design.His reflex radio is the "darndest" thing I have seen and his spectacular results inspired me to come up with my own version.OVEN CONTROLLERS
Temperature Control Circuits. Here is a simple temperature controller suitable for a variety of purposes; it was designed to heat the copper float out of a toilet for a barometer!KAREN'S CORNER
Message Wand. The message wand is a good PIC introduction as it is a simple project yet illustrates many aspects of the PIC usage. Used at night, the wand is swung around above the head, and to onlookers spells out a short message in the air using flashing LEDs. GEIGER COUNTER CIRCUITS High Voltage Generator for Geiger Tubes The following two circuits are an improvement over the older circuits below. The circuits are shown generating 500 volts but they may be modified to supply a couple of hundred to nearly 1000 volts by changing the zener diodes. VLF WHISTLER RECEPTION Any n-channel JFET with an Idss of at least a few mA should work, but add a 1k ohm in series with the gate. If oscillation occurs, try adding a capacitor to ground across the "B" BATTERY REPLACEMENT Hello, Thanks for the site on the "B" battery. I knew how to make a package but I really like the fact that you designed the box! Here's a small suggestion: Add a Rayovac #840 4.5 vdc Computer clock battery. I found one at a swap meet for $1. and with the additional 7 - 9 vdc batteries, it makes a total of 67.5 vdc. HO GAGE RAILROAD TRACK CLEANER/VACUUM CAR The tube/plate fixture moves freely up and down. The side inlets clean dust off the rails. There’s enough air flow to do this as well as pick up particles from the track ties. REGENERATIVE RECEIVERS Regenerative Receivers. Regenerative receivers provide a surprising level of performance with only a handful of components. They excel at receiving amplitude modulated signals from below the AM broadcast band up to the higher short-wave bands above which the superregenerative detector becomes the better choice.REFLEX RECEIVERS
Wonderful One-Transistor Reflex Radio If you are going to build a one-transistor radio, make it this one! This reflex radio project was inspired by Robert Bazian 's design.His reflex radio is the "darndest" thing I have seen and his spectacular results inspired me to come up with my own version. CRYSTAL RADIO CIRCUITS Below is a typical application using it with the first crystal radio circuit on this page. The amplifier provides good volume with a modest antenna. You may want a volume control as with the TL431 project! Or use the Crystal Radio RF Amplifier directly above for even more sensitivity with less than 2INDUCTION RECEIVERS
Induction Receiver. The induction receiver shown below is very sensitive and can serve a variety of purposes. It is excellent for tracing wiring behind walls, receiving audio from an induction transmitter, hearing lightning and other electric discharges, and monitoring a telephone or other device that produces an audio magnetic field ("telephone pickup coil").LOW FREQ. ANTENNAS
Antennas . Home-made antennas can greatly improve the performance of AM and FM radios, short-wave receivers, and scanners. If you are a talk-radio fan then experiment with the AM band antennas and you will be able to hear shows from all over the country with surprisingclarity.
HIGH VOLTAGE CIRCUITS High Voltage Generator for Low Current Applications. Here is a simple circuit for generating over 100 volts from a 12 volt source for powering low current devices and experiments. The two transistors may be 2N4401 and 2N4403 or similar for lower power applications or higher power devices for heavier loads. If more power is desired then lowerLOWFER PROJECTS
Altoids Tin LowFER Transmitter. Here's a complete LF Beacon transmitter for LowFER (Low-Frequency Experimental Radio). The transmitter is designed for license-free operation between 160 kHz and 190 kHz, consuming the legal limit of 1 watt power input to the finalRF output stage.
OLD CLOCK CHIPS
I recently purchased a large lot of old National Semiconductor ICs on eBay; I was interested in the JFET op-amps. In the lot were several MM5402N clock chips. QUICK RADON DETECTOR FOR THE STUDENT Extra-Difficult and "Off the Wall" Ideas. Here are a few ideas that are difficult for beginners, but intriguing, nonetheless: Build an airtight glove box and place the radon detector and a sample of a mineral to be tested inside for a week or two.ROBERT'S RADIO
Robert's One-Transistor Reflex Receiver. Here is Robert Bazian's (editingrus@yahoo.com) amazing radio.It uses only one transistor for gain but manages to pick up several stations clearly with no external antenna and it drives a speaker, too! INFRASOUND - TECHLIB.COM Infrasound is simply sound below the human's hearing range, typically below 20 Hz. At such low frequency a true sound wave causes the localpressure to go
OVEN CONTROLLERS
Temperature Control Circuits. Here is a simple temperature controller suitable for a variety of purposes; it was designed to heat the copper float out of a toilet for a barometer! CRYSTAL RADIO CIRCUITS Below is a typical application using it with the first crystal radio circuit on this page. The amplifier provides good volume with a modest antenna. You may want a volume control as with the TL431 project! Or use the Crystal Radio RF Amplifier directly above forINDUCTION RECEIVERS
Induction Receiver. The induction receiver shown below is very sensitive and can serve a variety of purposes. It is excellent for tracing wiring behind walls, receiving audio from an induction transmitter, hearing lightning and other electric discharges, and monitoring a telephone or other device that produces an audio magnetic field ("telephone pickup coil"). CB BAND FREQUENCY CHART The "Typical IF" frequency is the frequency that is commonly used with 455 kHz If amplifiers; this frequency is often called the "receive frequency" when referring to crystals.KAREN'S CORNER
Message Wand. The message wand is a good PIC introduction as it is a simple project yet illustrates many aspects of the PIC usage. Used at night, the wand is swung around above the head, and to onlookers spells out a short message in the air using flashing LEDs. GEIGER COUNTER CIRCUITS High Voltage Generator for Geiger Tubes The following two circuits are an improvement over the older circuits below. The circuits are shown generating 500 volts but they may be modified to supply a couple of hundred to nearly 1000 volts by changing the zener diodes. "B" BATTERY REPLACEMENT Hello, Thanks for the site on the "B" battery. I knew how to make a package but I really like the fact that you designed the box! Here's a small suggestion: Add a Rayovac #840 4.5 vdc Computer clock battery. I found one at a swap meet for $1. and with the additional 7 - 9 vdc batteries, it makes a total of 67.5 vdc. TWO-DIODE ODD-ORDER FREQUENCY MULTIPLIERS Two-Diode Odd-Order Frequency Multipliers. It is often necessary to multiply the frequency of low noise oscillators without significantly degrading the phase noise beyond the theoretical 20 log (N). Low noise frequency doublers constructed with Schottky signal diodes are readily available but higher-order multipliers often exhibit high flicker VLF WHISTLER RECEPTION Any n-channel JFET with an Idss of at least a few mA should work, but add a 1k ohm in series with the gate. If oscillation occurs, try adding a capacitor to ground across the INFRASOUND - TECHLIB.COM Infrasound is simply sound below the human's hearing range, typically below 20 Hz. At such low frequency a true sound wave causes the localpressure to go
OVEN CONTROLLERS
Temperature Control Circuits. Here is a simple temperature controller suitable for a variety of purposes; it was designed to heat the copper float out of a toilet for a barometer! CRYSTAL RADIO CIRCUITS Below is a typical application using it with the first crystal radio circuit on this page. The amplifier provides good volume with a modest antenna. You may want a volume control as with the TL431 project! Or use the Crystal Radio RF Amplifier directly above forINDUCTION RECEIVERS
Induction Receiver. The induction receiver shown below is very sensitive and can serve a variety of purposes. It is excellent for tracing wiring behind walls, receiving audio from an induction transmitter, hearing lightning and other electric discharges, and monitoring a telephone or other device that produces an audio magnetic field ("telephone pickup coil"). CB BAND FREQUENCY CHART The "Typical IF" frequency is the frequency that is commonly used with 455 kHz If amplifiers; this frequency is often called the "receive frequency" when referring to crystals.KAREN'S CORNER
Message Wand. The message wand is a good PIC introduction as it is a simple project yet illustrates many aspects of the PIC usage. Used at night, the wand is swung around above the head, and to onlookers spells out a short message in the air using flashing LEDs. GEIGER COUNTER CIRCUITS High Voltage Generator for Geiger Tubes The following two circuits are an improvement over the older circuits below. The circuits are shown generating 500 volts but they may be modified to supply a couple of hundred to nearly 1000 volts by changing the zener diodes. "B" BATTERY REPLACEMENT Hello, Thanks for the site on the "B" battery. I knew how to make a package but I really like the fact that you designed the box! Here's a small suggestion: Add a Rayovac #840 4.5 vdc Computer clock battery. I found one at a swap meet for $1. and with the additional 7 - 9 vdc batteries, it makes a total of 67.5 vdc. TWO-DIODE ODD-ORDER FREQUENCY MULTIPLIERS Two-Diode Odd-Order Frequency Multipliers. It is often necessary to multiply the frequency of low noise oscillators without significantly degrading the phase noise beyond the theoretical 20 log (N). Low noise frequency doublers constructed with Schottky signal diodes are readily available but higher-order multipliers often exhibit high flicker VLF WHISTLER RECEPTION Any n-channel JFET with an Idss of at least a few mA should work, but add a 1k ohm in series with the gate. If oscillation occurs, try adding a capacitor to ground across theTECHNICAL LIBRARY
A technical library for the hobbyist and electronics experimenter.Select a link above, a featured item below, or use the search tool below. This website is still a bit of a train wreck with "bad" links, missing graphics and mysteriously old pages.VIRTUAL PROJECTS
Crystal Earphone Blaster. This file is an experimental audio amplifier that will drive a crystal earphone with lots of voltage while consuming only about 500 uA. Crystal earphones exhibit a high impedance to audio and a high voltage is needed to make them really loud. The bias scheme is from a National Semiconductor application note from many years back. I think it was for the LM394. The bias TWO-DIODE ODD-ORDER FREQUENCY MULTIPLIERS Two-Diode Odd-Order Frequency Multipliers. It is often necessary to multiply the frequency of low noise oscillators without significantly degrading the phase noise beyond the theoretical 20 log (N). Low noise frequency doublers constructed with Schottky signal diodes are readily available but higher-order multipliers often exhibit high flickerINDUCTION RECEIVERS
Induction Receiver. The induction receiver shown below is very sensitive and can serve a variety of purposes. It is excellent for tracing wiring behind walls, receiving audio from an induction transmitter, hearing lightning and other electric discharges, and monitoring a telephone or other device that produces an audio magnetic field ("telephone pickup coil"). REGULATORS AND POWER SUPPLIES Power Supplies. There are a number of ways to obtain the low voltages required to run small projects from the wall power outlet. The simplest way is to buy a factory-built molded supply which is designed to plug directly into the wall outlet.LOW FREQ. ANTENNAS
Antennas . Home-made antennas can greatly improve the performance of AM and FM radios, short-wave receivers, and scanners. If you are a talk-radio fan then experiment with the AM band antennas and you will be able to hear shows from all over the country with surprisingclarity.
CB BAND FREQUENCY CHART The "Typical IF" frequency is the frequency that is commonly used with 455 kHz If amplifiers; this frequency is often called the "receive frequency" when referring to crystals. NEW LIGHTNING DETECTOR FOR THE BEGINNER Read the text below. This new lightning detector circuit uses a single inductor tuned circuit to receive static pulses from lightning at a frequency near 200 kHz. The need for a tapped tuned circuit is eliminated by employing a very high input impedance RF amplifier that uses a darlington transistor. The amplifier is micro-power and thewhole
QUICK RADON DETECTOR FOR THE STUDENT Extra-Difficult and "Off the Wall" Ideas. Here are a few ideas that are difficult for beginners, but intriguing, nonetheless: Build an airtight glove box and place the radon detector and a sample of a mineral to be tested inside for a week or two. 250VDC NO LOAD OUTPUT ZENER/SCR/TRIAC TESTER zener/ scr/triac tester v2.0 ©2013 lennie zink zener/ scr/triac tester v2.0 ©2013 lennie zink 5 1/8 x 2 5/8 box-batt +batt sw1 sw1 t1 9va t1 0vc t1 117va t1 117vb c1 2.2µf A TECHnical LIBrary for the hobbyist and electronics experimenter. Select a link above, a featured item below, or use thesearch tool below.
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Infrasound
HiFi Audio Amplifier Remember Clock Chips?Bug Duster
Ghost Detector?
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Meter/DAQ Amplifier
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Weekly Saying Archive MAGNETIC LIGHTNING DETECTOR A magnetic field version of the lightning detector.WEBMASTER
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