LEAVING CERT. ENGLISH, PAPER 1 THEOREMS TO LEARN FOR LEAVING CERT. HL 1. Vertically opposite angles are equal in measure. 2. In an isosceles triangle the angles opposite the equal sides are equal. Conversely, if two angles are equal, then the triangle is isosceles. 3. If a transversal makes equal alternate angles on two lines then the lines are parallel. Conversely, if two lines are parallel, then any

transversal

THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

DNA & RNA SUMMARY

Heredity: Is the passing on of features from parents to offspring by means of genes. Gene: Is a section of DNA that causes the production of a protein. Gene expression: Is the way in which the genetic information in a gene is decoded in the cell and used to make protein. Characteristics: Are traits or features that are inherited genetically. Structure of DNA EMILY DICKINSON’S ORIGINAL APPROACH TO POETRY RESULTS IN Emily Dickinson’s original approach to poetry results in startling and thought-provoking moments in her work. Emily Dickinson explores a variety of themes in her poetry. Her use of concret GUIDE TO ANSWERING ENGLISH COMPARATIVE QUESTIONS FORSEE MORE ON

STUDYNOTES.IE

BREAKING DOWN THE QUESTION Breaking Down the Question – English Composition Guide. Previously we have looked at the importance of considering the PCLM marking scheme that your answer will be graded by when approaching the question for the Part B and Composition sections. Below are examples of how to approach questions from past papers and prepare your answers

by

MACBETH IS RESPONSIBLE FOR HIS OWN DOWNFALL Macbeth, despite influences of the witches and Lady Macbeth, is responsible for his downfall. In Shakespeare’s play Macbeth, Macbeth is a tragic hero who destroys himself by his own wicked and selfish ambitions.At the beginning of the play, Macbeth is portrayed as a courageous, noble hero of Scotland who has bravely won the war. BROOKLYN DIRECTED JOHN CROWLEY: CULTURAL CONTEXT: Brooklyn directed John Crowley. *Cultural context: can be defined as the world of the text. WHAT does this story teach us about life at that time?*. • Setting with a specific historical time - past at times sentimentalised but thoroughly scrutinised - a setting of hugely social and historical relevant to Irish society - the story of Ellis ELIZABETH BISHOP’S POETRY: VIVID AND DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS The Armadillo: The balloons, while fiery, are familiar; they are objects of the ordinary, known by all audiences and present in all facets of life, such as times of celebration.Bishop enforces their ordinariness by revealing that their appearance is not a surprise; as she tells us, ‘This is LEAVING CERT. ENGLISH, PAPER 1 THEOREMS TO LEARN FOR LEAVING CERT. HL 1. Vertically opposite angles are equal in measure. 2. In an isosceles triangle the angles opposite the equal sides are equal. Conversely, if two angles are equal, then the triangle is isosceles. 3. If a transversal makes equal alternate angles on two lines then the lines are parallel. Conversely, if two lines are parallel, then any

transversal

THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

DNA & RNA SUMMARY

Heredity: Is the passing on of features from parents to offspring by means of genes. Gene: Is a section of DNA that causes the production of a protein. Gene expression: Is the way in which the genetic information in a gene is decoded in the cell and used to make protein. Characteristics: Are traits or features that are inherited genetically. Structure of DNA EMILY DICKINSON’S ORIGINAL APPROACH TO POETRY RESULTS IN Emily Dickinson’s original approach to poetry results in startling and thought-provoking moments in her work. Emily Dickinson explores a variety of themes in her poetry. Her use of concret GUIDE TO ANSWERING ENGLISH COMPARATIVE QUESTIONS FORSEE MORE ON

STUDYNOTES.IE

BREAKING DOWN THE QUESTION Breaking Down the Question – English Composition Guide. Previously we have looked at the importance of considering the PCLM marking scheme that your answer will be graded by when approaching the question for the Part B and Composition sections. Below are examples of how to approach questions from past papers and prepare your answers

by

MACBETH IS RESPONSIBLE FOR HIS OWN DOWNFALL Macbeth, despite influences of the witches and Lady Macbeth, is responsible for his downfall. In Shakespeare’s play Macbeth, Macbeth is a tragic hero who destroys himself by his own wicked and selfish ambitions.At the beginning of the play, Macbeth is portrayed as a courageous, noble hero of Scotland who has bravely won the war. BROOKLYN DIRECTED JOHN CROWLEY: CULTURAL CONTEXT: Brooklyn directed John Crowley. *Cultural context: can be defined as the world of the text. WHAT does this story teach us about life at that time?*. • Setting with a specific historical time - past at times sentimentalised but thoroughly scrutinised - a setting of hugely social and historical relevant to Irish society - the story of Ellis ELIZABETH BISHOP’S POETRY: VIVID AND DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS The Armadillo: The balloons, while fiery, are familiar; they are objects of the ordinary, known by all audiences and present in all facets of life, such as times of celebration.Bishop enforces their ordinariness by revealing that their appearance is not a surprise; as she tells us, ‘This is ALL BIOLOGY DEFINITIONS FOR LEAVING CERT Exocrine glands : Release their product into ducts/tubes. Endocrine glands : A ductless gland that produces hormones which are released directly into the bloodstream. Hormone : A chemical messenger produced by an endocrine gland and carried by the bloodstream to THEOREMS TO LEARN FOR LEAVING CERT. HL Theorem: A general proposition not self-evident but proved by a chain of reasoning; a truth established by means of accepted truths. 1. Vertically opposite angles are equal in measure. 2. In an isosceles triangle the angles opposite the equal sides are equal. Conversely, if

two angles are

THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Three inventions were responsible for huge growth in iron and steel-making during the Industrial Revolution! In 1709 Abraham Darby discovered how to convert coal in coke, which became the chief source of power for smelting iron ore. In 1794 Henry Cort discovered ‘ Puddling and Rolling’, which was a better way of making wrought

iron.

JC HOME ECONOMICS

the five senses are – smell, sight , taste, touch and hearing. the energy value of food is measured in – kilocalories of kilojoules. examples of staple foods are – bread and potatoes. what is bad nutrition – malnutrition. too little food causes – starvation. too much food causes – obesity. what is organic food – food produced without the use of artificial chemicals GUIDE TO ANSWERING ENGLISH COMPARATIVE QUESTIONS FOR Use keywords for comparisons: Similarly, in contrast to, this is mirrored, reflected, reinforced, despite, alternatively. The number of comparisons is irrelevant. It is about the quality of your points and your relevance to the question. Be consistent: If you answer on three texts in the first point, do so in all three. IRISH ORAL CONVERSATION FILLERS Mar is eol duit féin: As you are aware. Ar thaobh amhain: On one side. Ar thaobh eile: On the other side. Mar atá ‘fhios agat féin: As you know yourself. Mise á rá leat: I’m telling you. Mar a duirt mé cheana: As I said before. Ar ndoigh: Of course. I mo thuairim phearsanta fein: In my own personal opinion. PREPARING A STANDARD SOLUTION OF SODIUM CARBONATE Rinse the beaker several times with deionised water. Pour these washings into the volumetric flask. Top up the volumetric flask with deionised water, until just below the graduation mark. Top up to the graduation mark with a dropper. Read the bottom of the meniscus at eye level. Invert and mix to ensure proper mixing of the contents. MANUAL METAL ARC WELDING (MMA) Allows current to flow in one direction only. Converts AC to DC. Consists of four diodes arranged so to allow current to flow in one direction only. Circuit for Manual Metal Arc Welding. 2. Safety. Ensure equipment is well maintained. Wear protective clothing. Weld

curtain/cubicle.

VIVID IMAGERY IN ELIZABETH BISHOP’S POETRY Vivid imagery in Elizabeth Bishop’s poetry – Essay. Elizabeth Bishop’s poetry changes everyday scenes to vivid imagery. Bishop has a keen eye for detail as she converts the visual images that she sees into words of poetic language that creates vivid images in the reader’s mind. The poem “The Fish” is bombarded with intense

imagery

NOTES ON SGT. PEPPERS LONELY HEARTS CLUB BAND Intro: G major. opens with 10secs of instrumental tuning and audience noises. opens with 4 bars of rhythm guitar, lead guitar, bass guitar and drums. drum kit playing a variation of a standard drum backbeat. rhythm guitar chord progression: A7, C7, G7. bass guitar playing

repeated quavers.

ALL BIOLOGY DEFINITIONS FOR LEAVING CERT THEOREMS TO LEARN FOR LEAVING CERT. HL 1. Vertically opposite angles are equal in measure. 2. In an isosceles triangle the angles opposite the equal sides are equal. Conversely, if two angles are equal, then the triangle is isosceles. 3. If a transversal makes equal alternate angles on two lines then the lines are parallel. Conversely, if two lines are parallel, then any

transversal

LC ENGINEERING

Lower Critical Point. Occurs at 723°c. Temperature change occurs. The metal contracts dimensionally, glows less brightly and loses its magnetism. Known as Decalescence. Upper Critical Point. Varies depending on amount of carbon in the steel. Above this point, DIFFERENT LANGUAGE GENRES Aesthetic – the description of feelings and happenings. Narrative – telling a (short) story. Argumentative – a debate or conflict of ideas. Persuasive – persuading someone of something. Informative – informing someone of something. Below is a more in-depth focus on what each genre is used for: GUIDE TO ANSWERING ENGLISH COMPARATIVE QUESTIONS FORSEE MORE ON

STUDYNOTES.IE

JC HOME ECONOMICS

the five senses are – smell, sight , taste, touch and hearing. the energy value of food is measured in – kilocalories of kilojoules. examples of staple foods are – bread and potatoes. what is bad nutrition – malnutrition. too little food causes – starvation. too much food causes – obesity. what is organic food – food produced without the use of artificial chemicals LC ART - STUDYNOTES.IE The neoclassical building was designed by William Chambers and James Caulfield. The Cork born art dealer in 1908 opened the gallery to store both contemporary and modern art pieces. There has been a special wing added since then to accommodate the gallery work, resources and restaurant. The layout of the actual gallery is quite

simple.

BROOKLYN DIRECTED JOHN CROWLEY: CULTURAL CONTEXT: Brooklyn directed John Crowley. *Cultural context: can be defined as the world of the text. WHAT does this story teach us about life at that time?*. • Setting with a specific historical time - past at times sentimentalised but thoroughly scrutinised - a setting of hugely social and historical relevant to Irish society - the story of Ellis GLEANN ALAINN NOTESTRANSLATE THIS PAGE Tá radharc álainn ar loch agus sliabh chun péintéireacht a dhéanamh den tírdhreach álainn. Feiceann said málaí plaisteacha, adhmad agus bruscar ar bhruach an locha sa ghleann álainn .Cuireann sé sin isteach go mór orthu. Téann na daoine óga I bhfolach chun

breith ar

NOTES ON CÚPLA LE HÓGIE Ó CÉILLEACHAIRTRANSLATE THIS PAGE Notes on Cúpla le hÓgie Ó Céilleachair. Suíomh: Tá an t-úrscéal seo suite sa teach Uí Bhraonáin, sa scoil, sa seanbhothan, sa Ghealtacht agus ar an mbóthar. Tharla comhrá, cinntí agus troid sa theach, mar shampla, tharraing Timmy sceilp do Sharon nuair a téann sí abhaile déanach. Tá an cúpla ag déanamh a dTeastas Shóisearach ALL BIOLOGY DEFINITIONS FOR LEAVING CERT THEOREMS TO LEARN FOR LEAVING CERT. HL 1. Vertically opposite angles are equal in measure. 2. In an isosceles triangle the angles opposite the equal sides are equal. Conversely, if two angles are equal, then the triangle is isosceles. 3. If a transversal makes equal alternate angles on two lines then the lines are parallel. Conversely, if two lines are parallel, then any

transversal

LC ENGINEERING

Lower Critical Point. Occurs at 723°c. Temperature change occurs. The metal contracts dimensionally, glows less brightly and loses its magnetism. Known as Decalescence. Upper Critical Point. Varies depending on amount of carbon in the steel. Above this point, DIFFERENT LANGUAGE GENRES Aesthetic – the description of feelings and happenings. Narrative – telling a (short) story. Argumentative – a debate or conflict of ideas. Persuasive – persuading someone of something. Informative – informing someone of something. Below is a more in-depth focus on what each genre is used for: GUIDE TO ANSWERING ENGLISH COMPARATIVE QUESTIONS FORSEE MORE ON

STUDYNOTES.IE

JC HOME ECONOMICS

the five senses are – smell, sight , taste, touch and hearing. the energy value of food is measured in – kilocalories of kilojoules. examples of staple foods are – bread and potatoes. what is bad nutrition – malnutrition. too little food causes – starvation. too much food causes – obesity. what is organic food – food produced without the use of artificial chemicals LC ART - STUDYNOTES.IE The neoclassical building was designed by William Chambers and James Caulfield. The Cork born art dealer in 1908 opened the gallery to store both contemporary and modern art pieces. There has been a special wing added since then to accommodate the gallery work, resources and restaurant. The layout of the actual gallery is quite

simple.

BROOKLYN DIRECTED JOHN CROWLEY: CULTURAL CONTEXT: Brooklyn directed John Crowley. *Cultural context: can be defined as the world of the text. WHAT does this story teach us about life at that time?*. • Setting with a specific historical time - past at times sentimentalised but thoroughly scrutinised - a setting of hugely social and historical relevant to Irish society - the story of Ellis GLEANN ALAINN NOTESTRANSLATE THIS PAGE Tá radharc álainn ar loch agus sliabh chun péintéireacht a dhéanamh den tírdhreach álainn. Feiceann said málaí plaisteacha, adhmad agus bruscar ar bhruach an locha sa ghleann álainn .Cuireann sé sin isteach go mór orthu. Téann na daoine óga I bhfolach chun

breith ar

NOTES ON CÚPLA LE HÓGIE Ó CÉILLEACHAIRTRANSLATE THIS PAGE Notes on Cúpla le hÓgie Ó Céilleachair. Suíomh: Tá an t-úrscéal seo suite sa teach Uí Bhraonáin, sa scoil, sa seanbhothan, sa Ghealtacht agus ar an mbóthar. Tharla comhrá, cinntí agus troid sa theach, mar shampla, tharraing Timmy sceilp do Sharon nuair a téann sí abhaile déanach. Tá an cúpla ag déanamh a dTeastas Shóisearach

STUDYNOTES.IE

Ireland in 1500. King was Lord of Ireland and had little control. The country was divided into 3 areas: The Pale (English speaking, common law, cattle raids) The Anglo-Irish lordships (Norman descendants, common law, some Irish customs) The Gaelic Irish lordships (Brehon law, clan owned tuath, little had changed since Celts)

DNA & RNA SUMMARY

Heredity: Is the passing on of features from parents to offspring by means of genes. Gene: Is a section of DNA that causes the production of a protein. Gene expression: Is the way in which the genetic information in a gene is decoded in the cell and used to make protein. Characteristics: Are traits or features that are inherited genetically. Structure of DNA ALL PHYSICS DEFINITIONS FOR LEAVING CERTIFICATE Light. Refraction is the bending of light as it goes from one medium to another.; Laws of Refraction: (1) Incident ray, refracted ray & normal are on the same plane. (2) Sine I/Sine R is constant. Refractive Index: Sine I/Sine R = 1/Sin C = Real depth/Apparent depth = c1/c2 Critical Angle: The angle whose angle of incidence is 90 when light goes from a denser to a rarer medium.

LC ENGINEERING

Lower Critical Point. Occurs at 723°c. Temperature change occurs. The metal contracts dimensionally, glows less brightly and loses its magnetism. Known as Decalescence. Upper Critical Point. Varies depending on amount of carbon in the steel. Above this point, MACBETH: ACT 2, SCENE 2 Macbeth: Act 2, Scene 2 – Summary & Analysis. Lady Macbeth enters as her husband departs, imagining Macbeth killing the king. She then hears her husband cry out and worries that he has awoken the chamberlains; she cannot understand how her husband could not be successful after she has prepared the daggers for the chamberlains;

she then admits

THE THEME OF KINGSHIP IN MACBETH The Theme of Kingship in Macbeth. In Shakespeare’s time a King was considered to be god’s representative on earth. He was looked upon as equal to god. Shakespeare’s ideas towards kingship can be seen throughout the play. He shows that a king should be chosen by divine right and shows the character and attributes of what is takes to be a CULTURAL CONTEXT SAMPLE ANSWER: ‘THE MAIN CHARACTERS IN Texts naturally focus on how characters react to the worlds and cultures they inhabit. Unless they are content with their surroundings, some characters will be trapped in unwanted states and unable to escape, a certain few will be able to achieve this, while others long to change their worlds and thus challenge those around them and the make up of these spaces. NOTES ON CÚPLA LE HÓGIE Ó CÉILLEACHAIRTRANSLATE THIS PAGE Notes on Cúpla le hÓgie Ó Céilleachair. Suíomh: Tá an t-úrscéal seo suite sa teach Uí Bhraonáin, sa scoil, sa seanbhothan, sa Ghealtacht agus ar an mbóthar. Tharla comhrá, cinntí agus troid sa theach, mar shampla, tharraing Timmy sceilp do Sharon nuair a téann sí abhaile déanach. Tá an cúpla ag déanamh a dTeastas Shóisearach ILLUSION AND CORRUPTION IN THE GREAT GATSBY Illusion and corruption dominate The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald. Illusions are created by characters to hide aspects of their lives or to lead other characters astray. Jay Gatsby is the epitome of illusion, and is the central illusionist in the novel. However an illusion is also created by Daisy Buchanan with regards to

her true

GLEANN ALAINN NOTESTRANSLATE THIS PAGE Tá radharc álainn ar loch agus sliabh chun péintéireacht a dhéanamh den tírdhreach álainn. Feiceann said málaí plaisteacha, adhmad agus bruscar ar bhruach an locha sa ghleann álainn .Cuireann sé sin isteach go mór orthu. Téann na daoine óga I bhfolach chun

breith ar

ALL BIOLOGY DEFINITIONS FOR LEAVING CERT THEOREMS TO LEARN FOR LEAVING CERT. HL 1. Vertically opposite angles are equal in measure. 2. In an isosceles triangle the angles opposite the equal sides are equal. Conversely, if two angles are equal, then the triangle is isosceles. 3. If a transversal makes equal alternate angles on two lines then the lines are parallel. Conversely, if two lines are parallel, then any

transversal

DIFFERENT LANGUAGE GENRES Aesthetic – the description of feelings and happenings. Narrative – telling a (short) story. Argumentative – a debate or conflict of ideas. Persuasive – persuading someone of something. Informative – informing someone of something. Below is a more in-depth focus on what each genre is used for:

LC ENGINEERING

Lower Critical Point. Occurs at 723°c. Temperature change occurs. The metal contracts dimensionally, glows less brightly and loses its magnetism. Known as Decalescence. Upper Critical Point. Varies depending on amount of carbon in the steel. Above this point, GUIDE TO ANSWERING ENGLISH COMPARATIVE QUESTIONS FORSEE MORE ON

STUDYNOTES.IE

JC HOME ECONOMICS

the five senses are – smell, sight , taste, touch and hearing. the energy value of food is measured in – kilocalories of kilojoules. examples of staple foods are – bread and potatoes. what is bad nutrition – malnutrition. too little food causes – starvation. too much food causes – obesity. what is organic food – food produced without the use of artificial chemicals MACBETH IS RESPONSIBLE FOR HIS OWN DOWNFALL Macbeth, despite influences of the witches and Lady Macbeth, is responsible for his downfall. In Shakespeare’s play Macbeth, Macbeth is a tragic hero who destroys himself by his own wicked and selfish ambitions.At the beginning of the play, Macbeth is portrayed as a courageous, noble hero of Scotland who has bravely won the war. BROOKLYN DIRECTED JOHN CROWLEY: CULTURAL CONTEXT: Brooklyn directed John Crowley. *Cultural context: can be defined as the world of the text. WHAT does this story teach us about life at that time?*. • Setting with a specific historical time - past at times sentimentalised but thoroughly scrutinised - a setting of hugely social and historical relevant to Irish society - the story of Ellis GLEANN ALAINN NOTESTRANSLATE THIS PAGE Tá radharc álainn ar loch agus sliabh chun péintéireacht a dhéanamh den tírdhreach álainn. Feiceann said málaí plaisteacha, adhmad agus bruscar ar bhruach an locha sa ghleann álainn .Cuireann sé sin isteach go mór orthu. Téann na daoine óga I bhfolach chun

breith ar

NOTES ON CÚPLA LE HÓGIE Ó CÉILLEACHAIRTRANSLATE THIS PAGE Notes on Cúpla le hÓgie Ó Céilleachair. Suíomh: Tá an t-úrscéal seo suite sa teach Uí Bhraonáin, sa scoil, sa seanbhothan, sa Ghealtacht agus ar an mbóthar. Tharla comhrá, cinntí agus troid sa theach, mar shampla, tharraing Timmy sceilp do Sharon nuair a téann sí abhaile déanach. Tá an cúpla ag déanamh a dTeastas Shóisearach ALL BIOLOGY DEFINITIONS FOR LEAVING CERT THEOREMS TO LEARN FOR LEAVING CERT. HL 1. Vertically opposite angles are equal in measure. 2. In an isosceles triangle the angles opposite the equal sides are equal. Conversely, if two angles are equal, then the triangle is isosceles. 3. If a transversal makes equal alternate angles on two lines then the lines are parallel. Conversely, if two lines are parallel, then any

transversal

DIFFERENT LANGUAGE GENRES Aesthetic – the description of feelings and happenings. Narrative – telling a (short) story. Argumentative – a debate or conflict of ideas. Persuasive – persuading someone of something. Informative – informing someone of something. Below is a more in-depth focus on what each genre is used for:

LC ENGINEERING

Lower Critical Point. Occurs at 723°c. Temperature change occurs. The metal contracts dimensionally, glows less brightly and loses its magnetism. Known as Decalescence. Upper Critical Point. Varies depending on amount of carbon in the steel. Above this point, GUIDE TO ANSWERING ENGLISH COMPARATIVE QUESTIONS FORSEE MORE ON

STUDYNOTES.IE

JC HOME ECONOMICS

the five senses are – smell, sight , taste, touch and hearing. the energy value of food is measured in – kilocalories of kilojoules. examples of staple foods are – bread and potatoes. what is bad nutrition – malnutrition. too little food causes – starvation. too much food causes – obesity. what is organic food – food produced without the use of artificial chemicals MACBETH IS RESPONSIBLE FOR HIS OWN DOWNFALL Macbeth, despite influences of the witches and Lady Macbeth, is responsible for his downfall. In Shakespeare’s play Macbeth, Macbeth is a tragic hero who destroys himself by his own wicked and selfish ambitions.At the beginning of the play, Macbeth is portrayed as a courageous, noble hero of Scotland who has bravely won the war. BROOKLYN DIRECTED JOHN CROWLEY: CULTURAL CONTEXT: Brooklyn directed John Crowley. *Cultural context: can be defined as the world of the text. WHAT does this story teach us about life at that time?*. • Setting with a specific historical time - past at times sentimentalised but thoroughly scrutinised - a setting of hugely social and historical relevant to Irish society - the story of Ellis GLEANN ALAINN NOTESTRANSLATE THIS PAGE Tá radharc álainn ar loch agus sliabh chun péintéireacht a dhéanamh den tírdhreach álainn. Feiceann said málaí plaisteacha, adhmad agus bruscar ar bhruach an locha sa ghleann álainn .Cuireann sé sin isteach go mór orthu. Téann na daoine óga I bhfolach chun

breith ar

NOTES ON CÚPLA LE HÓGIE Ó CÉILLEACHAIRTRANSLATE THIS PAGE Notes on Cúpla le hÓgie Ó Céilleachair. Suíomh: Tá an t-úrscéal seo suite sa teach Uí Bhraonáin, sa scoil, sa seanbhothan, sa Ghealtacht agus ar an mbóthar. Tharla comhrá, cinntí agus troid sa theach, mar shampla, tharraing Timmy sceilp do Sharon nuair a téann sí abhaile déanach. Tá an cúpla ag déanamh a dTeastas Shóisearach

STUDYNOTES.IE

Ireland in 1500. King was Lord of Ireland and had little control. The country was divided into 3 areas: The Pale (English speaking, common law, cattle raids) The Anglo-Irish lordships (Norman descendants, common law, some Irish customs) The Gaelic Irish lordships (Brehon law, clan owned tuath, little had changed since Celts)

DNA & RNA SUMMARY

Heredity: Is the passing on of features from parents to offspring by means of genes. Gene: Is a section of DNA that causes the production of a protein. Gene expression: Is the way in which the genetic information in a gene is decoded in the cell and used to make protein. Characteristics: Are traits or features that are inherited genetically. Structure of DNA ALL PHYSICS DEFINITIONS FOR LEAVING CERTIFICATE Light. Refraction is the bending of light as it goes from one medium to another.; Laws of Refraction: (1) Incident ray, refracted ray & normal are on the same plane. (2) Sine I/Sine R is constant. Refractive Index: Sine I/Sine R = 1/Sin C = Real depth/Apparent depth = c1/c2 Critical Angle: The angle whose angle of incidence is 90 when light goes from a denser to a rarer medium.

LC ENGINEERING

Lower Critical Point. Occurs at 723°c. Temperature change occurs. The metal contracts dimensionally, glows less brightly and loses its magnetism. Known as Decalescence. Upper Critical Point. Varies depending on amount of carbon in the steel. Above this point,

JC HOME ECONOMICS

the five senses are – smell, sight , taste, touch and hearing. the energy value of food is measured in – kilocalories of kilojoules. examples of staple foods are – bread and potatoes. what is bad nutrition – malnutrition. too little food causes – starvation. too much food causes – obesity. what is organic food – food produced without the use of artificial chemicals MACBETH: ACT 2, SCENE 2 Macbeth: Act 2, Scene 2 – Summary & Analysis. Lady Macbeth enters as her husband departs, imagining Macbeth killing the king. She then hears her husband cry out and worries that he has awoken the chamberlains; she cannot understand how her husband could not be successful after she has prepared the daggers for the chamberlains;

she then admits

THE THEME OF KINGSHIP IN MACBETH The Theme of Kingship in Macbeth. In Shakespeare’s time a King was considered to be god’s representative on earth. He was looked upon as equal to god. Shakespeare’s ideas towards kingship can be seen throughout the play. He shows that a king should be chosen by divine right and shows the character and attributes of what is takes to be a CULTURAL CONTEXT SAMPLE ANSWER: ‘THE MAIN CHARACTERS IN Texts naturally focus on how characters react to the worlds and cultures they inhabit. Unless they are content with their surroundings, some characters will be trapped in unwanted states and unable to escape, a certain few will be able to achieve this, while others long to change their worlds and thus challenge those around them and the make up of these spaces. NOTES ON CÚPLA LE HÓGIE Ó CÉILLEACHAIRTRANSLATE THIS PAGE Notes on Cúpla le hÓgie Ó Céilleachair. Suíomh: Tá an t-úrscéal seo suite sa teach Uí Bhraonáin, sa scoil, sa seanbhothan, sa Ghealtacht agus ar an mbóthar. Tharla comhrá, cinntí agus troid sa theach, mar shampla, tharraing Timmy sceilp do Sharon nuair a téann sí abhaile déanach. Tá an cúpla ag déanamh a dTeastas Shóisearach GLEANN ALAINN NOTESTRANSLATE THIS PAGE Tá radharc álainn ar loch agus sliabh chun péintéireacht a dhéanamh den tírdhreach álainn. Feiceann said málaí plaisteacha, adhmad agus bruscar ar bhruach an locha sa ghleann álainn .Cuireann sé sin isteach go mór orthu. Téann na daoine óga I bhfolach chun

breith ar

THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION BREAKING DOWN THE QUESTION Breaking Down the Question – English Composition Guide. Previously we have looked at the importance of considering the PCLM marking scheme that your answer will be graded by when approaching the question for the Part B and Composition sections. Below are examples of how to approach questions from past papers and prepare your answers

by

ELIZABETH BISHOP’S POETRY: VIVID AND DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS The Armadillo: The balloons, while fiery, are familiar; they are objects of the ordinary, known by all audiences and present in all facets of life, such as times of celebration.Bishop enforces their ordinariness by revealing that their appearance is not a surprise; as she tells us, ‘This is EMILY DICKINSON’S ORIGINAL APPROACH TO POETRY RESULTS IN Emily Dickinson’s original approach to poetry results in startling and thought-provoking moments in her work. Emily Dickinson explores a variety of themes in her poetry. Her use of concret LC MUSIC - STUDYNOTES.IE Based on the tonic chord. Harp glissando on the first beat of every bar. Verse One (Bar 5-36): Alternating A and B phrases, each 8 bars in length. 8 bars of vocals accompanied by a staccato motif in the harp. Interrupted by cello in bar 10 playing a modal scale (panned) The B phrase is based entirely on the dominant chord (Bmaj with added notes) CHEMISTRY EXPERIMENT: FLAME TESTS (LI, NA, K, BA, SR & CU) To carry out flame tests with salts of lithium, sodium, potassium, barium, strontium and copper.Procedure 1. Light a bunsen burner and adjust it to obtain a blue flame. 2. Dip the wooden sp MACBETH IS RESPONSIBLE FOR HIS OWN DOWNFALL Macbeth, despite influences of the witches and Lady Macbeth, is responsible for his downfall. In Shakespeare’s play Macbeth, Macbeth is a tragic hero who destroys himself by his own wicked and selfish ambitions.At the beginning of the play, Macbeth is portrayed as a courageous, noble hero of Scotland who has bravely won the war. IRISH ORAL CONVERSATION FILLERS Mar is eol duit féin: As you are aware. Ar thaobh amhain: On one side. Ar thaobh eile: On the other side. Mar atá ‘fhios agat féin: As you know yourself. Mise á rá leat: I’m telling you. Mar a duirt mé cheana: As I said before. Ar ndoigh: Of course. I mo thuairim phearsanta fein: In my own personal opinion. MANUAL METAL ARC WELDING (MMA) Allows current to flow in one direction only. Converts AC to DC. Consists of four diodes arranged so to allow current to flow in one direction only. Circuit for Manual Metal Arc Welding. 2. Safety. Ensure equipment is well maintained. Wear protective clothing. Weld

curtain/cubicle.

NOTES ON CÚPLA LE HÓGIE Ó CÉILLEACHAIRTRANSLATE THIS PAGE Notes on Cúpla le hÓgie Ó Céilleachair. Suíomh: Tá an t-úrscéal seo suite sa teach Uí Bhraonáin, sa scoil, sa seanbhothan, sa Ghealtacht agus ar an mbóthar. Tharla comhrá, cinntí agus troid sa theach, mar shampla, tharraing Timmy sceilp do Sharon nuair a téann sí abhaile déanach. Tá an cúpla ag déanamh a dTeastas Shóisearach THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION BREAKING DOWN THE QUESTION Breaking Down the Question – English Composition Guide. Previously we have looked at the importance of considering the PCLM marking scheme that your answer will be graded by when approaching the question for the Part B and Composition sections. Below are examples of how to approach questions from past papers and prepare your answers

by

ELIZABETH BISHOP’S POETRY: VIVID AND DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS The Armadillo: The balloons, while fiery, are familiar; they are objects of the ordinary, known by all audiences and present in all facets of life, such as times of celebration.Bishop enforces their ordinariness by revealing that their appearance is not a surprise; as she tells us, ‘This is EMILY DICKINSON’S ORIGINAL APPROACH TO POETRY RESULTS IN Emily Dickinson’s original approach to poetry results in startling and thought-provoking moments in her work. Emily Dickinson explores a variety of themes in her poetry. Her use of concret LC MUSIC - STUDYNOTES.IE Based on the tonic chord. Harp glissando on the first beat of every bar. Verse One (Bar 5-36): Alternating A and B phrases, each 8 bars in length. 8 bars of vocals accompanied by a staccato motif in the harp. Interrupted by cello in bar 10 playing a modal scale (panned) The B phrase is based entirely on the dominant chord (Bmaj with added notes) CHEMISTRY EXPERIMENT: FLAME TESTS (LI, NA, K, BA, SR & CU) To carry out flame tests with salts of lithium, sodium, potassium, barium, strontium and copper.Procedure 1. Light a bunsen burner and adjust it to obtain a blue flame. 2. Dip the wooden sp MACBETH IS RESPONSIBLE FOR HIS OWN DOWNFALL Macbeth, despite influences of the witches and Lady Macbeth, is responsible for his downfall. In Shakespeare’s play Macbeth, Macbeth is a tragic hero who destroys himself by his own wicked and selfish ambitions.At the beginning of the play, Macbeth is portrayed as a courageous, noble hero of Scotland who has bravely won the war. IRISH ORAL CONVERSATION FILLERS Mar is eol duit féin: As you are aware. Ar thaobh amhain: On one side. Ar thaobh eile: On the other side. Mar atá ‘fhios agat féin: As you know yourself. Mise á rá leat: I’m telling you. Mar a duirt mé cheana: As I said before. Ar ndoigh: Of course. I mo thuairim phearsanta fein: In my own personal opinion. MANUAL METAL ARC WELDING (MMA) Allows current to flow in one direction only. Converts AC to DC. Consists of four diodes arranged so to allow current to flow in one direction only. Circuit for Manual Metal Arc Welding. 2. Safety. Ensure equipment is well maintained. Wear protective clothing. Weld

curtain/cubicle.

NOTES ON CÚPLA LE HÓGIE Ó CÉILLEACHAIRTRANSLATE THIS PAGE Notes on Cúpla le hÓgie Ó Céilleachair. Suíomh: Tá an t-úrscéal seo suite sa teach Uí Bhraonáin, sa scoil, sa seanbhothan, sa Ghealtacht agus ar an mbóthar. Tharla comhrá, cinntí agus troid sa theach, mar shampla, tharraing Timmy sceilp do Sharon nuair a téann sí abhaile déanach. Tá an cúpla ag déanamh a dTeastas Shóisearach ALL BIOLOGY DEFINITIONS FOR LEAVING CERT Exocrine glands : Release their product into ducts/tubes. Endocrine glands : A ductless gland that produces hormones which are released directly into the bloodstream. Hormone : A chemical messenger produced by an endocrine gland and carried by the bloodstream to THEOREMS TO LEARN FOR LEAVING CERT. HL 1. Vertically opposite angles are equal in measure. 2. In an isosceles triangle the angles opposite the equal sides are equal. Conversely, if two angles are equal, then the triangle is isosceles. 3. If a transversal makes equal alternate angles on two lines then the lines are parallel. Conversely, if two lines are parallel, then any

transversal

DNA & RNA SUMMARY

Heredity: Is the passing on of features from parents to offspring by means of genes. Gene: Is a section of DNA that causes the production of a protein. Gene expression: Is the way in which the genetic information in a gene is decoded in the cell and used to make protein. Characteristics: Are traits or features that are inherited genetically. Structure of DNA

LC ENGINEERING

Lower Critical Point. Occurs at 723°c. Temperature change occurs. The metal contracts dimensionally, glows less brightly and loses its magnetism. Known as Decalescence. Upper Critical Point. Varies depending on amount of carbon in the steel. Above this point, LC MUSIC - STUDYNOTES.IE Based on the tonic chord. Harp glissando on the first beat of every bar. Verse One (Bar 5-36): Alternating A and B phrases, each 8 bars in length. 8 bars of vocals accompanied by a staccato motif in the harp. Interrupted by cello in bar 10 playing a modal scale (panned) The B phrase is based entirely on the dominant chord (Bmaj with added notes) GUIDE TO ANSWERING ENGLISH COMPARATIVE QUESTIONS FOR Use keywords for comparisons: Similarly, in contrast to, this is mirrored, reflected, reinforced, despite, alternatively. The number of comparisons is irrelevant. It is about the quality of your points and your relevance to the question. Be consistent: If you answer on three texts in the first point, do so in all three. JC MUSIC - STUDYNOTES.IE How to read sheet music. Like an actor’s script, a sheet of music instructs a musician on what to play (the pitch) and when to play it (the rhythm). Sheet music may look complicated, but once you’ve gotten the hang of a few simple elements like notes, bars and clefs, you’re ready to rock. MACBETH IS RESPONSIBLE FOR HIS OWN DOWNFALL Macbeth, despite influences of the witches and Lady Macbeth, is responsible for his downfall. In Shakespeare’s play Macbeth, Macbeth is a tragic hero who destroys himself by his own wicked and selfish ambitions.At the beginning of the play, Macbeth is portrayed as a courageous, noble hero of Scotland who has bravely won the war. IRISH ORAL CONVERSATION FILLERS Mar is eol duit féin: As you are aware. Ar thaobh amhain: On one side. Ar thaobh eile: On the other side. Mar atá ‘fhios agat féin: As you know yourself. Mise á rá leat: I’m telling you. Mar a duirt mé cheana: As I said before. Ar ndoigh: Of course. I mo thuairim phearsanta fein: In my own personal opinion. BROOKLYN DIRECTED JOHN CROWLEY: CULTURAL CONTEXT: Brooklyn directed John Crowley. *Cultural context: can be defined as the world of the text. WHAT does this story teach us about life at that time?*. • Setting with a specific historical time - past at times sentimentalised but thoroughly scrutinised - a setting of hugely social and historical relevant to Irish society - the story of Ellis ERROR 525 RAY ID: 52911EDCAA856C7A • 2019-10-21 06:19:33 UTC SSL HANDSHAKE FAILED

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