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SANKEY DIAGRAMS

A Sankey diagram says more than 1000 pie charts

Samples

SANKEYS WITH CIRCULAR LINKS

phineas October

28, 2020October 28, 2020

__1

Comment on Sankeys with circular links

Guus, a reader of this blog, DMed me to ask whether I “knew of any

(open source) JavaScript libraries that can generate circular Sankey

diagrams”?

Many of the Sankey diagrams I see on the web are created using d3.js

by Mike Bostock

. Typically these diagrams are

left-to right oriented and have a column structure. What is less

common are feedback loops or circular Sankey arrows, like the pink

ones in the figure below.

The place to look for is Tom Shanley’s Block

.

Here you can find many samples for:

* Sankey with circular links (2017)

* Sankey with circular links, with arrows to indicate direction

* Sankey with circular links (updated version 2020)

* Sankey with circular links combined with animated flows, another

way of indicating direction

Guus, I hope you can find what you are after there. Enjoy!

Samples

SANKEY DIAGRAM FOR AIR COMPRESSOR

phineas October

23, 2020October 23, 2020

__Leave

a comment on Sankey Diagram for Air Compressor

A comment from a reader pointed me to this Sankey diagram for energy

flows in an air compressor system. It can be found as a sample on the

web page of VHK Research Engineers

. VHK uses Sankey

diagrams to “get the message across”.

_(Image copyright: European Union, author: VHK)_

This is a rare example of a top-down oriented Sankey diagram. There

are no absolute numbers, rather we see the 100% energy being turned

into useful work, and off-heat, which could potentially be recovered.

Nice piece of art, and I invite Rene to comment on this…

Samples

ENERGY CONSUMPTION LOGISTICS CENTER

__phineas __October 9,

2020

__Leave

a comment on Energy Consumption Logistics Center

Here is another Sankey diagram out of Germany. Found this in a 2017

doctoral thesis titled ‘Wechselwirkungen und Auswirkungen von

Planungsalternativen auf die Gesamtenergiebilanz und die

CO2-Emissionen von Logistikzentren’ by Julia Freis, Lehrstuhl für

Fördertechnik Materialfluss Logistik, Technical University Munich

(TUM).

From what I understand using Google Translate this seems to be one of

the energy scenarios (maintaining a 17°C temperature) for a logistics

hub. Flows are in kWh per year.

Samples

CHINA CARBON EMISSIONS FROM ENERGY

__phineas __October 2,

2020October 23, 2020

__Leave

a comment on China Carbon Emissions from Energy

Energy generation in China is dominated by the use of hard coal. This

Sankey diagram is from an article titled ‘A Method for Analyzing

Energy-Related Carbon Emissions and the Structural Changes: A Case

Study of China from 2005 to 2015’ by Honghua Yang, Linwei Ma and

Zheng Li (Tsinghua University) in: Energies 2020, 13, 2076;

doi:10.3390/en13082076 .

It shows carbon flow and emissions (I take that as CO2 only, although

it might include CH4 if biogas was used)

Published under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons

Attribution(CC BY 4.0) license

Depicted are energy-related carbon flows in China in 2015. Unit of

flow is 10 Mt C, which in the last column also translates into Mt CO2.

The sectors Transport (“Vehicle”), Industry (“Factory”) and

Buildings are further broken down into the individual services the

energy provides, like illumination, thermal comfort, hygiene.

There is another energy flow diagram for China in 2015 in this article

, and it shows that

there are also other energy sources (hydro, wind, nuclear, solar), but

these don’t show up in the carbon flow diagram.

Samples

GLOBAL ENERGY FLOWS 2018/2050, DNVGL

__phineas __September

18, 2020

__Leave

a comment on Global Energy Flows 2018/2050, DNVGL

Fresh off the press last week is DNVGL’s Energy Transition Outlook

2020 . This report is a

“forecast of the world’s most likely energy future through to

2050” and in my opinion this is really good information. The new

edition already factors in the effects of the pandemic.

The spread on pages 122/123 has the following Sankey diagrams, a

comparison of the global energy landscape in 2018 and the forecast for

2050:

The individual flows are not labeled with quantities, but we get an

idea from the blue stream, that represents 27 PWh/yr electricity in

2018 and 60 PWh/yr in 2050. “One striking change on the supply side

of the picture is the emergence of solar PV and wind at the expense of

coal and oil. Electrification more than doubles through to 2050, which

leads to an increase in the overall system efficiency.”

Make sure to download your copy of the DNVGL Energy Transition Outlook

2020 , to study the global

energy flow Sankey diagram in more detail.

Samples

MATERIAL FLOW ANALYSIS FOR ALMATY

__phineas __September

9, 2020

__Leave

a comment on Material Flow Analysis for Almaty

Almaty is the largest city in

Kazakhstan. It is also the first city in Central Asia that did a

circular economy opportunities analysis. Numerous ideas were proposed

during a project with local stakeholders.

The project is described on the Shifting Paradigms blog

, and the full

report ‘Metabolic analysis and circular economy strategies for

Almaty, Kazakhstan’ describing the project can be downloaded there.

Visuals turned out to be crucial

in this

project for communicating information and to be able to oversee the

amount of data. “Mapping out the metabolic system of a city, helps

understand how a city uses material resources to deliver valuable

services to its inhabitants, like nutrition, shelter and mobility, and

identify opportunities for improvement.”

This is the Sankey diagram depicting the material flows for Almaty,

Kazakhstan covering minerals, metals, biomass, fossil fuels, energy

and water used in Almaty’s industry. It is shown on pages 36/37 of

the report. Flows are in kT (per one year ?) with imports/exports

across the city’s boundaries.

Blended into this material flow analysis (MFA) diagram are greenhouse

gas emissions (GHGs). “The red flows at the lower section of the

graph show the embedded gas emissions in imported goods and

materials.” These could be considered hidden quantities associated

with the production of products or the import of fuels,

“piggybacking” on the actual physical material flows that enter

and leave the industrial sector in the city.

Note that it seems as if flows are not always to scale or parts are

hidden behind other flows (see, for example, the yellow stream

representing 968 kT of fuel being turned into 2,975 kT GHGs, a flow

that is not three times as wide). Also the recycling flow width seems

to overblown, probably to point out that recycled materials can loop

back through the system multiple times, and to focus the circular

economy perspective.

There are two other Sankey diagrams in the report, so make sure you

have a look at it

.

Samples

FRANCE’S GRAND EST REGION ENERGY FLOWS

__phineas __September

4, 2020September 4, 2020

__Leave

a comment on France’s Grand Est Region Energy Flows

Le Grand Est is a French

administrative region in the north-east of the _Hexagone_, comprising

Alsace, Champagne-Ardenne, and Lorraine. ATMO Grand Est

is a not-for-profit, government-backed

association that is monitoring air quality in the region and looking

at ways to improve it.

As part of their work they have prepared energy flow diagrams, not

only for the whole region, but also on the communal level. More than

100 Sankey diagrams, depicting the energy flows and the use of energy

are available on the ATMO website. Visit the resources section

and check

“Diagrammes de Sankey” in the filter list at the right.

Here is the figure for the overall region with energy consumption and

use in Grand Est in 2017. Flows are in GWh.

On the left we see primary resources, with the largest source being

nuclear fuel. With an efficiency of only 33% this still delivers most

of the secondary energy consumed in the Grand Est region. The grey

stream from the top are “imports” to the region, most likely from

other parts of France (or from neighboring Germany). The energy

consuming sectors are shown on the right. A table next to them points

out the GHG emissions linked to the energy.

Each of the individual Sankey diagrams for the CCs (_communauté de

communes_, rural communities) and some CAs (_communauté

d’agglomération_, semi-urban communities) available have exactly

the same structure, but they can look strikingly different.

Here is one example from CC Portes de Meuse, a community with just

over 17,000 inhabitants

CC Portes de Meuse can apparently cover three-quarters of their energy

demand from wind and wood, with only 25% being imported. (Not sure

though how they can have 260 GWh energy use in road transport, unless

most vehicles are already electric).

Note that although both Sankey diagrams have a similar structure and

flows are both in GWh in 2017, this diagram mustn’t be compared

directly to the one above in regard to the width of the arrows, since

they are on a different scale.

Great work by ATMO Grand Est, and I am sure these visualizations are

useful when discussing energy consumption, GHG and air pollution among

stakeholders in the communities or the region. They have already

announced the Invent’AIR v2020 version to be published in the near

future.

Samples

WOOD BIOMASS IN THE NETHERLANDS

__phineas __August 31,

2020

__Leave

a comment on Wood Biomass in The Netherlands

This Sankey diagram on wood biomass flows in the Netherlands is

featured in the study ‘Sustainable biomass and bioenergy in the

Netherlands’ by Goh, Mai-Moulin and Junginger from Utrecht

University.

Flows are in million tons (MT) dry mass for the year 2014. The diagram

has a very clear structure. Import streams are from the top and

exports leave to the bottom. Domestic Dutch production is from the

left, use of wood biomass in the Netherlands is to the right. Paper

and cardboard, alongside pulp are the largest flows, but mainly being

imported and exported again, or circulating domestically as recycled

paper.

The report has two other Sankey diagrams on oils and fats

and carbohydrates used in different sectors in the Netherlands. See

the full report here

.

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<article id="post-8013" class="post-8013 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-samples">
		
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			<span class="post-category" itemprop="about"><a href="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/category/samples/" rel="category tag">Samples</a></span><h2 class="entry-title"><a href="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/sankeys-with-circular-links/" rel="bookmark">Sankeys with circular links</a></h2><div class="entry-meta"><span class="byline" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><i class="fa fa-user"></i><span itemprop="name"><a class="url fn n" href="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/author/phineas/" itemprop="url">phineas</a></span></span><span class="posted-on"><i class="fa fa-calendar"></i><a href="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/sankeys-with-circular-links/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2020-10-28T14:42:47+00:00">October 28, 2020</time><time class="updated" datetime="2020-10-28T14:44:02+00:00">October 28, 2020</time></a></span><span class="comments-link"><i class="fa fa-comment-o"></i><a href="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/sankeys-with-circular-links/#comments">1 Comment<span class="screen-reader-text"> on Sankeys with circular links</span></a></span></div>			
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<div class="entry-content">
		<p>Guus, a reader of this blog, DMed me to ask whether I “knew of any (open source) JavaScript libraries that can generate circular Sankey diagrams”?</p>
<p>Many of the Sankey diagrams I see on the web are <a href="https://observablehq.com/@d3/gallery" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">created using d3.js</a> by <a href="https://observablehq.com/@mbostock" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Mike Bostock</a>. Typically these diagrams are left-to right oriented and have a column structure. What is less common are feedback loops or circular Sankey arrows, like the pink ones in the figure below.</p>
            
		<div class="ngg-gallery-singlepic-image " style="">
			    	<a href="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/wp-content/gallery/x_sankey_222/shanley_sankey_circular_links.PNG" title="A Sankey diagram with circular links, as featured on Bl.ocks Built by Tom Shanley using d3-sankey-path library https://bl.ocks.org/tomshanley/94b8d4d5fb62c196e065a64c8645750a" data-src="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/wp-content/gallery/x_sankey_222/shanley_sankey_circular_links.PNG" data-thumbnail="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/wp-content/gallery/x_sankey_222/thumbs/thumbs_shanley_sankey_circular_links.PNG" data-image-id="1515" data-title="shanley_sankey_circular_links" data-description="A Sankey diagram with circular links, as featured on Bl.ocks Built by Tom Shanley using d3-sankey-path library https://bl.ocks.org/tomshanley/94b8d4d5fb62c196e065a64c8645750a" target="_self" class="shutterset_3701dbb6cdc2eb8bd63737dc181c3ad2">
            <img class="ngg-singlepic" src="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/wp-content/gallery/x_sankey_222/cache/shanley_sankey_circular_links.PNG-nggid041515-ngg0dyn-0x0x100-00f0w010c010r110f110r010t010.PNG" alt="shanley_sankey_circular_links" title="shanley_sankey_circular_links">
    	</a>
		      </div>
        
<p>The place to look for is <a href="https://bl.ocks.org/tomshanley" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Tom Shanley’s Block</a>. </p>
<p>Here you can find many samples for: </p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://bl.ocks.org/tomshanley/b82d9aede85694b1422786ef41536ec5" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Sankey with circular links (2017)</a></li>
<li><a href="https://bl.ocks.org/tomshanley/87c05949f0b1994bfa71eccbf1f30d09" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Sankey with circular links, with arrows to indicate direction</a></li>
<li><a href="https://bl.ocks.org/tomshanley/6eb025290888935f10b142e4bc576d8d" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Sankey with circular links (updated version 2020)</a></li>
<li><a href="https://bl.ocks.org/tomshanley/874923fe54b173735b456479423ac7d6" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Sankey with circular links combined with animated flows, another way of indicating direction</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Guus, I hope you can find what you are after there. Enjoy!</p>
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</article>								<article id="post-8006" class="post-8006 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-samples tag-compressor tag-process-technology">
		
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			<span class="post-category" itemprop="about"><a href="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/category/samples/" rel="category tag">Samples</a></span><h2 class="entry-title"><a href="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/sankey-diagram-for-air-compressor/" rel="bookmark">Sankey Diagram for Air Compressor</a></h2><div class="entry-meta"><span class="byline" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><i class="fa fa-user"></i><span itemprop="name"><a class="url fn n" href="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/author/phineas/" itemprop="url">phineas</a></span></span><span class="posted-on"><i class="fa fa-calendar"></i><a href="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/sankey-diagram-for-air-compressor/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2020-10-23T13:45:06+00:00">October 23, 2020</time><time class="updated" datetime="2020-10-23T13:46:07+00:00">October 23, 2020</time></a></span><span class="comments-link"><i class="fa fa-comment-o"></i><a href="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/sankey-diagram-for-air-compressor/#respond">Leave a comment<span class="screen-reader-text"> on Sankey Diagram for Air Compressor</span></a></span></div>			
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<div class="entry-content">
		<p>A comment from a reader pointed me to this Sankey diagram for energy flows in an air compressor system. It can be found as a sample on <a href="http://www.vhk.nl/research/case_buildingblocks.htm" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">the web page of VHK Research Engineers</a>. VHK uses Sankey diagrams to “get the message across”.<br>
            
		</p><div class="ngg-gallery-singlepic-image " style="">
			    	<a href="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/wp-content/gallery/x_sankey_222/compressor_vhk_research_engineers.PNG" title="Sankey diagram for a compressor. Sample diagram from website of VHK research engineers at http://www.vhk.nl/research/case_buildingblocks.htm
Copyright European Union, author VHK" data-src="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/wp-content/gallery/x_sankey_222/compressor_vhk_research_engineers.PNG" data-thumbnail="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/wp-content/gallery/x_sankey_222/thumbs/thumbs_compressor_vhk_research_engineers.PNG" data-image-id="1514" data-title="compressor_vhk_research_engineers" data-description="Sankey diagram for a compressor. Sample diagram from website of VHK research engineers at http://www.vhk.nl/research/case_buildingblocks.htm
Copyright European Union, author VHK" target="_self" class="shutterset_dde87f0fea3d0318fba2f06d64cd8cc6">
            <img class="ngg-singlepic" src="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/wp-content/gallery/x_sankey_222/cache/compressor_vhk_research_engineers.PNG-nggid041514-ngg0dyn-0x0x100-00f0w010c010r110f110r010t010.PNG" alt="compressor_vhk_research_engineers" title="compressor_vhk_research_engineers">
    	</a>
		      </div>
        <br>
<em>(Image copyright: European Union, author: VHK)</em><p></p>
<p>This is a rare example of a top-down oriented Sankey diagram. There are no absolute numbers, rather we see the 100% energy being turned into useful work, and off-heat, which could potentially be recovered.</p>
<p>Nice piece of art, and I invite Rene to comment on this… </p>
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</article>								<article id="post-7991" class="post-7991 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-samples tag-energy tag-germany tag-logistics">
		
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			<span class="post-category" itemprop="about"><a href="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/category/samples/" rel="category tag">Samples</a></span><h2 class="entry-title"><a href="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/energy-consumption-logistics-center/" rel="bookmark">Energy Consumption Logistics Center</a></h2><div class="entry-meta"><span class="byline" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><i class="fa fa-user"></i><span itemprop="name"><a class="url fn n" href="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/author/phineas/" itemprop="url">phineas</a></span></span><span class="posted-on"><i class="fa fa-calendar"></i><a href="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/energy-consumption-logistics-center/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2020-10-09T12:57:50+00:00">October 9, 2020</time></a></span><span class="comments-link"><i class="fa fa-comment-o"></i><a href="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/energy-consumption-logistics-center/#respond">Leave a comment<span class="screen-reader-text"> on Energy Consumption Logistics Center</span></a></span></div>			
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		<p>Here is another Sankey diagram out of Germany. Found this in a 2017 doctoral thesis titled ‘Wechselwirkungen und Auswirkungen von Planungsalternativen auf die Gesamtenergiebilanz und die CO2-Emissionen von Logistikzentren’ by Julia Freis, Lehrstuhl für Fördertechnik Materialfluss Logistik, Technical University Munich (TUM).</p>
            
		<div class="ngg-gallery-singlepic-image " style="">
			    	<a href="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/wp-content/gallery/x_sankey_222/Freis_Dissertation_Logistics.PNG" title="Wechselwirkungen und Auswirkungen von  
From the doctoral thesis 'Planungsalternativen auf die Gesamtenergiebilanz und  die CO2-Emissionen von Logistikzentren* by Julia Freis, Technical Universtity Munich (TUM)" data-src="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/wp-content/gallery/x_sankey_222/Freis_Dissertation_Logistics.PNG" data-thumbnail="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/wp-content/gallery/x_sankey_222/thumbs/thumbs_Freis_Dissertation_Logistics.PNG" data-image-id="1511" data-title="Freis_Thesis_Logistics" data-description="Wechselwirkungen und Auswirkungen von  
From the doctoral thesis 'Planungsalternativen auf die Gesamtenergiebilanz und  die CO2-Emissionen von Logistikzentren* by Julia Freis, Technical Universtity Munich (TUM)" target="_self" class="shutterset_dec72fd51b2fbb159f9b68d6dcce447f">
            <img class="ngg-singlepic" src="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/wp-content/gallery/x_sankey_222/cache/Freis_Dissertation_Logistics.PNG-nggid041511-ngg0dyn-0x0x100-00f0w010c010r110f110r010t010.PNG" alt="Freis_Thesis_Logistics" title="Freis_Thesis_Logistics">
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<p>From what I understand using Google Translate this seems to be one of the energy scenarios (maintaining a 17°C temperature) for a logistics hub. Flows are in kWh per year. </p>
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</article>								<article id="post-7999" class="post-7999 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-samples tag-china tag-energy tag-ghg">
		
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			<span class="post-category" itemprop="about"><a href="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/category/samples/" rel="category tag">Samples</a></span><h2 class="entry-title"><a href="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/china-carbon-emissions-from-energy/" rel="bookmark">China Carbon Emissions from Energy</a></h2><div class="entry-meta"><span class="byline" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><i class="fa fa-user"></i><span itemprop="name"><a class="url fn n" href="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/author/phineas/" itemprop="url">phineas</a></span></span><span class="posted-on"><i class="fa fa-calendar"></i><a href="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/china-carbon-emissions-from-energy/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2020-10-02T12:36:27+00:00">October 2, 2020</time><time class="updated" datetime="2020-10-23T12:59:44+00:00">October 23, 2020</time></a></span><span class="comments-link"><i class="fa fa-comment-o"></i><a href="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/china-carbon-emissions-from-energy/#respond">Leave a comment<span class="screen-reader-text"> on China Carbon Emissions from Energy</span></a></span></div>			
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		<p>Energy generation in China is dominated by the use of hard coal. This Sankey diagram is from an <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/8/2076/pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">article titled ‘A Method for Analyzing Energy-Related Carbon Emissions and the Structural Changes: A Case Study of China from 2005 to 2015’ by Honghua Yang, Linwei Ma and Zheng Li (Tsinghua University) in: Energies 2020, 13, 2076; doi:10.3390/en13082076</a>. It shows carbon flow and emissions (I take that as CO2 only, although it might include CH4 if biogas was used)<br>
            
		</p><div class="ngg-gallery-singlepic-image " style="">
			    	<a href="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/wp-content/gallery/x_sankey_222/carbon_energy_2015_china.PNG" title="From an article 'A Method for Analyzing Energy-Related Carbon Emissions and the Structural Changes: A Case Study of China from 2005 to 2015' by Honghua Yang, Linwei Ma and Zheng Li (Tsinghua University) in: Energies 2020, 13, 2076; doi:10.3390/en13082076" data-src="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/wp-content/gallery/x_sankey_222/carbon_energy_2015_china.PNG" data-thumbnail="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/wp-content/gallery/x_sankey_222/thumbs/thumbs_carbon_energy_2015_china.PNG" data-image-id="1513" data-title="carbon_energy_2015_china" data-description="From an article 'A Method for Analyzing Energy-Related Carbon Emissions and the Structural Changes: A Case Study of China from 2005 to 2015' by Honghua Yang, Linwei Ma and Zheng Li (Tsinghua University) in: Energies 2020, 13, 2076; doi:10.3390/en13082076" target="_self" class="shutterset_304ffe3e494fc8fc3739758c4c998804">
            <img class="ngg-singlepic" src="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/wp-content/gallery/x_sankey_222/cache/carbon_energy_2015_china.PNG-nggid041513-ngg0dyn-0x0x100-00f0w010c010r110f110r010t010.PNG" alt="carbon_energy_2015_china" title="carbon_energy_2015_china">
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Published under the terms and conditions of the <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution(CC BY 4.0) license</a><p></p>
<p>Depicted are energy-related carbon flows in China in 2015. Unit of flow is 10 Mt C, which in the last column also translates into Mt CO<sub>2</sub>.</p>
<p>The sectors Transport (“Vehicle”), Industry (“Factory”) and Buildings are further broken down into the individual services the energy provides, like illumination, thermal comfort, hygiene.</p>
<p>There is another energy flow diagram for China in 2015 in this <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/8/2076/pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">article</a>, and it shows that there are also other energy sources (hydro, wind, nuclear, solar), but these don’t show up in the carbon flow diagram. </p>
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</article>								<article id="post-7986" class="post-7986 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-samples tag-energy tag-world">
		
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			<span class="post-category" itemprop="about"><a href="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/category/samples/" rel="category tag">Samples</a></span><h2 class="entry-title"><a href="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/global-energy-flows-2018-2050-dnvgl/" rel="bookmark">Global Energy Flows 2018/2050, DNVGL</a></h2><div class="entry-meta"><span class="byline" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><i class="fa fa-user"></i><span itemprop="name"><a class="url fn n" href="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/author/phineas/" itemprop="url">phineas</a></span></span><span class="posted-on"><i class="fa fa-calendar"></i><a href="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/global-energy-flows-2018-2050-dnvgl/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2020-09-18T09:41:28+00:00">September 18, 2020</time></a></span><span class="comments-link"><i class="fa fa-comment-o"></i><a href="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/global-energy-flows-2018-2050-dnvgl/#respond">Leave a comment<span class="screen-reader-text"> on Global Energy Flows 2018/2050, DNVGL</span></a></span></div>			
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		<p>Fresh off the press last week is <a href="https://eto.dnvgl.com/2020/index.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">DNVGL’s Energy Transition Outlook 2020</a>. This report is a “forecast of the world’s most likely energy future through to 2050” and in my opinion this is really good information. The new edition already factors in the effects of the pandemic.</p>
<p>The spread on pages 122/123 has the following Sankey diagrams, a comparison of the global energy landscape in 2018 and the forecast for 2050:<br>
            
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			    	<a href="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/wp-content/gallery/x_sankey_222/DNVGL-Energy-Outlook-Comparison-2018-2050.PNG" title="Global ﬂows of energy carriers, 2018 versus 2050 from the DNV GL Energy Transition Outlook 2020, p 122/123. Report available at https://eto.dnvgl.com/2020/index.html" data-src="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/wp-content/gallery/x_sankey_222/DNVGL-Energy-Outlook-Comparison-2018-2050.PNG" data-thumbnail="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/wp-content/gallery/x_sankey_222/thumbs/thumbs_DNVGL-Energy-Outlook-Comparison-2018-2050.PNG" data-image-id="1510" data-title="DNVGL-Energy-Outlook-Comparison-2018-2050" data-description="Global ﬂows of energy carriers, 2018 versus 2050 from the DNV GL Energy Transition Outlook 2020, p 122/123. Report available at https://eto.dnvgl.com/2020/index.html" target="_self" class="shutterset_857c2dbaf3215a7e8890629dd52d97d2">
            <img class="ngg-singlepic" src="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/wp-content/gallery/x_sankey_222/cache/DNVGL-Energy-Outlook-Comparison-2018-2050.PNG-nggid041510-ngg0dyn-0x0x100-00f0w010c010r110f110r010t010.PNG" alt="DNVGL-Energy-Outlook-Comparison-2018-2050" title="DNVGL-Energy-Outlook-Comparison-2018-2050">
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The individual flows are not labeled with quantities, but we get an idea from the blue stream, that represents 27 PWh/yr electricity in 2018 and 60 PWh/yr in 2050. “One striking change on the supply side of the picture is the emergence of solar PV and wind at the expense of coal and oil. Electrification more than doubles through to 2050, which leads to an increase in the overall system efficiency.”<p></p>
<p>Make sure to download your <a href="https://eto.dnvgl.com/2020/index.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">copy of the DNVGL Energy Transition Outlook 2020</a>, to study the global energy flow Sankey diagram in more detail.</p>
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</article>								<article id="post-7975" class="post-7975 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-samples tag-circular-economy tag-ghg tag-kazakhstan tag-mfa">
		
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			<span class="post-category" itemprop="about"><a href="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/category/samples/" rel="category tag">Samples</a></span><h2 class="entry-title"><a href="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/material-flow-analysis-for-almaty/" rel="bookmark">Material Flow Analysis for Almaty</a></h2><div class="entry-meta"><span class="byline" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><i class="fa fa-user"></i><span itemprop="name"><a class="url fn n" href="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/author/phineas/" itemprop="url">phineas</a></span></span><span class="posted-on"><i class="fa fa-calendar"></i><a href="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/material-flow-analysis-for-almaty/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2020-09-09T11:13:09+00:00">September 9, 2020</time></a></span><span class="comments-link"><i class="fa fa-comment-o"></i><a href="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/material-flow-analysis-for-almaty/#respond">Leave a comment<span class="screen-reader-text"> on Material Flow Analysis for Almaty</span></a></span></div>			
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		<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almaty" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Almaty</a> is the largest city in Kazakhstan. It is also the first city in Central Asia that did a circular economy opportunities analysis. Numerous ideas were proposed during a project with local stakeholders.<br>
The <a href="https://www.shiftingparadigms.nl/projects/almaty/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">project is described on the Shifting Paradigms blog</a>, and the full report ‘Metabolic analysis and circular economy strategies for Almaty, Kazakhstan’ describing the project can be downloaded there.</p>
<p><a href="https://www.shiftingparadigms.nl/articles/5-lessons-almaty/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Visuals turned out to be crucial</a> in this project for communicating information and to be able to oversee the amount of data. “Mapping out the metabolic system of a city, helps understand how a city uses material resources to deliver valuable services to its inhabitants, like nutrition, shelter and mobility, and identify opportunities for improvement.”</p>
            
		<div class="ngg-gallery-singlepic-image " style="">
			    	<a href="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/wp-content/gallery/x_sankey_222/industry_almaty.PNG" title="Material flow analysis for Almaty, Kazakhstan covering minerals, metals, biomass, fossil fuels, energy and water. From a post 'Metabolic analysis and circular economy strategies for Almaty, Kazakhstan' at Shifting Paradigms blog,  https://www.shiftingparadigms.nl/projects/almaty/" data-src="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/wp-content/gallery/x_sankey_222/industry_almaty.PNG" data-thumbnail="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/wp-content/gallery/x_sankey_222/thumbs/thumbs_industry_almaty.PNG" data-image-id="1509" data-title="industry_almaty" data-description="Material flow analysis for Almaty, Kazakhstan covering minerals, metals, biomass, fossil fuels, energy and water. From a post 'Metabolic analysis and circular economy strategies for Almaty, Kazakhstan' at Shifting Paradigms blog,  https://www.shiftingparadigms.nl/projects/almaty/" target="_self" class="shutterset_ebc0edc195c5dab36a696619a846cc1d">
            <img class="ngg-singlepic" src="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/wp-content/gallery/x_sankey_222/cache/industry_almaty.PNG-nggid041509-ngg0dyn-0x0x100-00f0w010c010r110f110r010t010.PNG" alt="industry_almaty" title="industry_almaty">
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<p>This is the Sankey diagram depicting the material flows for Almaty, Kazakhstan covering minerals, metals, biomass, fossil fuels, energy and water used in Almaty’s industry. It is shown on pages 36/37 of the report. Flows are in kT (per one year ?) with imports/exports across the city’s boundaries.</p>
<p>Blended into this material flow analysis (MFA) diagram are greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs). “The red flows at the lower section of the graph show the embedded gas emissions in imported goods and materials.” These could be considered hidden quantities associated with the production of products or the import of fuels, “piggybacking” on the actual physical material flows that enter and leave the industrial sector in the city. </p>
<p>Note that it seems as if flows are not always to scale or parts are hidden behind other flows (see, for example, the yellow stream representing 968 kT of fuel being turned into 2,975 kT GHGs, a flow that is not three times as wide). Also the recycling flow width seems to overblown, probably to point out that recycled materials can loop back through the system multiple times, and to focus the circular economy perspective.</p>
<p>There are two other Sankey diagrams in the report, so make sure you <a href="https://shiftingparadigms.nl/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Circular-Economy-opportunities-in-Almaty-Web-spread-20190627-1.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">have a look at it</a>.   </p>
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</article>								<article id="post-7960" class="post-7960 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-samples tag-energy tag-france">
		
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			<span class="post-category" itemprop="about"><a href="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/category/samples/" rel="category tag">Samples</a></span><h2 class="entry-title"><a href="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/frances-grand-est-region-energy-flows/" rel="bookmark">France’s Grand Est Region Energy Flows</a></h2><div class="entry-meta"><span class="byline" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><i class="fa fa-user"></i><span itemprop="name"><a class="url fn n" href="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/author/phineas/" itemprop="url">phineas</a></span></span><span class="posted-on"><i class="fa fa-calendar"></i><a href="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/frances-grand-est-region-energy-flows/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2020-09-04T11:35:39+00:00">September 4, 2020</time><time class="updated" datetime="2020-09-04T11:37:17+00:00">September 4, 2020</time></a></span><span class="comments-link"><i class="fa fa-comment-o"></i><a href="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/frances-grand-est-region-energy-flows/#respond">Leave a comment<span class="screen-reader-text"> on France’s Grand Est Region Energy Flows</span></a></span></div>			
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		<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Est" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Le Grand Est</a> is a French administrative region in the north-east of the <em>Hexagone</em>, comprising  Alsace, Champagne-Ardenne, and Lorraine. <a href="http://www.atmo-grandest.eu/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">ATMO Grand Est</a> is a not-for-profit, government-backed association that is monitoring air quality in the region and looking at ways to improve it. </p>
<p>As part of their work they have prepared energy flow diagrams, not only for the whole region, but also on the communal level. More than 100 Sankey diagrams, depicting the energy flows and the use of energy are available on the ATMO website. Visit the <a href="https://observatoire.atmo-grandest.eu/nos-publications/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">resources section</a> and check “Diagrammes de Sankey” in the filter list at the right.</p>
<p>Here is the figure for the overall region with energy consumption and use in Grand Est in 2017. Flows are in GWh.<br>
            
		</p><div class="ngg-gallery-singlepic-image " style="">
			    	<a href="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/wp-content/gallery/x_sankey_222/Sankey_2017_V8.2_obs.png" title="Primary energy production and final consumption of energy with associated GHG emissions for the Grand-Est region in France. From https://observatoire.atmo-grandest.eu/nos-publications/" data-src="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/wp-content/gallery/x_sankey_222/Sankey_2017_V8.2_obs.png" data-thumbnail="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/wp-content/gallery/x_sankey_222/thumbs/thumbs_Sankey_2017_V8.2_obs.png" data-image-id="1507" data-title="Sankey_2017_V8.2_obs" data-description="Primary energy production and final consumption of energy with associated GHG emissions for the Grand-Est region in France. From https://observatoire.atmo-grandest.eu/nos-publications/" target="_self" class="shutterset_b283af9f9de6a110727ca22d1e98a01e">
            <img class="ngg-singlepic" src="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/wp-content/gallery/x_sankey_222/cache/Sankey_2017_V8.2_obs.png-nggid041507-ngg0dyn-0x0x100-00f0w010c010r110f110r010t010.png" alt="Sankey_2017_V8.2_obs" title="Sankey_2017_V8.2_obs">
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On the left we see primary resources, with the largest source being nuclear fuel. With an efficiency of only 33% this still delivers most of the secondary energy consumed in the Grand Est region. The grey stream from the top are “imports” to the region, most likely from other parts of France (or from neighboring Germany). The energy consuming sectors are shown on the right. A table next to them points out the GHG emissions linked to the energy.<p></p>
<p>Each of the individual Sankey diagrams for the CCs (<em>communauté de communes</em>, rural communities) and some CAs (<em>communauté d’agglomération</em>, semi-urban communities) available have exactly the same structure, but they can look strikingly different. </p>
<p>Here is one example from CC Portes de Meuse, a community with just over 17,000 inhabitants<br>
            
		</p><div class="ngg-gallery-singlepic-image " style="">
			    	<a href="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/wp-content/gallery/x_sankey_222/Sankey_2017_CC-des-Portes-de-Meuse.Png" title="Primary energy production and final consumption of energy with associated GHG emissions for the CC des Portes de Meuse in France. From https://observatoire.atmo-grandest.eu/nos-publications/" data-src="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/wp-content/gallery/x_sankey_222/Sankey_2017_CC-des-Portes-de-Meuse.Png" data-thumbnail="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/wp-content/gallery/x_sankey_222/thumbs/thumbs_Sankey_2017_CC-des-Portes-de-Meuse.Png" data-image-id="1502" data-title="Sankey_2017_CC-des-Portes-de-Meuse" data-description="Primary energy production and final consumption of energy with associated GHG emissions for the CC des Portes de Meuse in France. From https://observatoire.atmo-grandest.eu/nos-publications/" target="_self" class="shutterset_d1a57f5d73dbe04e2f966655a2a5922e">
            <img class="ngg-singlepic" src="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/wp-content/gallery/x_sankey_222/cache/Sankey_2017_CC-des-Portes-de-Meuse.Png-nggid041502-ngg0dyn-0x0x100-00f0w010c010r110f110r010t010.Png" alt="Sankey_2017_CC-des-Portes-de-Meuse" title="Sankey_2017_CC-des-Portes-de-Meuse">
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CC Portes de Meuse can apparently cover three-quarters of their energy demand from wind and wood, with only 25% being imported. (Not sure though how they can have 260 GWh energy use in road transport, unless most vehicles are already electric).<p></p>
<p>Note that although both Sankey diagrams have a similar structure and flows are both in GWh in 2017, this diagram mustn’t be compared directly to the one above in regard to the width of the arrows, since they are on a different scale. </p>
<p>Great work by ATMO Grand Est, and I am sure these visualizations are useful when discussing energy consumption, GHG and air pollution among stakeholders in the communities or the region. They have already announced the Invent’AIR v2020 version to be published in the near future.</p>
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</article>								<article id="post-7941" class="post-7941 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-samples tag-biomass tag-netherlands tag-wood">
		
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			<span class="post-category" itemprop="about"><a href="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/category/samples/" rel="category tag">Samples</a></span><h2 class="entry-title"><a href="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/wood-biomass-in-the-netherlands/" rel="bookmark">Wood Biomass in The Netherlands</a></h2><div class="entry-meta"><span class="byline" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><i class="fa fa-user"></i><span itemprop="name"><a class="url fn n" href="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/author/phineas/" itemprop="url">phineas</a></span></span><span class="posted-on"><i class="fa fa-calendar"></i><a href="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/wood-biomass-in-the-netherlands/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2020-08-31T10:48:14+00:00">August 31, 2020</time></a></span><span class="comments-link"><i class="fa fa-comment-o"></i><a href="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/wood-biomass-in-the-netherlands/#respond">Leave a comment<span class="screen-reader-text"> on Wood Biomass in The Netherlands</span></a></span></div>			
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		<p>This Sankey diagram on wood biomass flows in the Netherlands is featured in the study ‘Sustainable biomass and bioenergy in the Netherlands’ by Goh, Mai-Moulin and Junginger from Utrecht University.</p>
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			    	<a href="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/wp-content/gallery/x_sankey_221/mass_balance_woodbiomass_netherlands_2014.PNG" title="From report 'Sustainable biomass and bioenergy in the Netherlands: Report 2015' published by Netherlands Enterprise Agency. Authors: Chun Sheng Goh, Thuy Mai-Moulin, Martin Junginger (Utrecht University). Available at https://english.rvo.nl/sites/default/files/2016/05/Sustainable-biomass-bioenergy-netherlands.pdf" data-src="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/wp-content/gallery/x_sankey_221/mass_balance_woodbiomass_netherlands_2014.PNG" data-thumbnail="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/wp-content/gallery/x_sankey_221/thumbs/thumbs_mass_balance_woodbiomass_netherlands_2014.PNG" data-image-id="1463" data-title="mass_balance_woodbiomass_netherlands_2014" data-description="From report 'Sustainable biomass and bioenergy in the Netherlands: Report 2015' published by Netherlands Enterprise Agency. Authors: Chun Sheng Goh, Thuy Mai-Moulin, Martin Junginger (Utrecht University). Available at https://english.rvo.nl/sites/default/files/2016/05/Sustainable-biomass-bioenergy-netherlands.pdf" target="_self" class="shutterset_169e2818f175c8407538ae7c85f5ffd2">
            <img class="ngg-singlepic" src="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/wp-content/gallery/x_sankey_221/cache/mass_balance_woodbiomass_netherlands_2014.PNG-nggid041463-ngg0dyn-0x0x100-00f0w010c010r110f110r010t010.PNG" alt="mass_balance_woodbiomass_netherlands_2014" title="mass_balance_woodbiomass_netherlands_2014">
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        <br>
Flows are in million tons (MT) dry mass for the year 2014. The diagram has a very clear structure. Import streams are from the top and exports leave to the bottom. Domestic Dutch production is from the left, use of wood biomass in the Netherlands is to the right. Paper and cardboard, alongside pulp are the largest flows, but mainly being imported and exported again, or circulating domestically as recycled paper.<p></p>
<p>The report has two other Sankey diagrams <a href="http://www.sankey-diagrams.com/biomass-and-bioenergy-in-the-netherlands/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">on oils and fats</a> and carbohydrates used in different sectors in the Netherlands. See the <a href="https://english.rvo.nl/sites/default/files/2016/05/Sustainable-biomass-bioenergy-netherlands.pdf">full report here</a>.</p>
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