REFINING COMMUNITYEREFCOMMREFCOMMTRAININGCONSULTINGRESOURCESFORUM Refining Community a part of CRU Group provides consulting, technical support, field services, training, regional events, and industry conferences () to oil refineries and gas plants around the world.Our services include safe unit operation, process optimization, HAZOP and P&ID review, preventive maintenance programs, start-up & commissioning, turnaround support, design, troubleshooting, and

REFINING COMMUNITY

Wow, what an event! RefComm 2021 has come to an end but it’s not over yet. You can still access the on demand content until June 11, 2021 so be sure to go back and check out any of the content you may have missed. We had a record turnout for this RefComm and it was thanks to YOU: our refiners, vendors, sponsors, and exhibitors. While we much prefer seeing all of you at our in-person events

REFINING COMMUNITY

Shale gas produced an imbalance in propylene supply and demand. This has driven the implementation of several projects using available propane dehydrogenation commercial technology. These technologies were adapted from existing processes. These adapted technologies are not tailored to efficiently manage the inherent challenges of catalyst activity, heat input, reaction equilibrium, and FCC FLUE GAS TREATMENT BY IMPLEMENTING BELCO WET SCRUBBING Always moving forward 2 No Properties Unit Values 1 Density Kg/m3 916 –935 2 Sulphur % 1.6 - 1.8 3 Nitrogen ppm 1400 - 1900 4 IFB / FBP �C 320/575 5 K UOP Factor 11.6 - 11.8 6 Coke Conradson %wt 0.4 –1.2 No Operating Conditions Unit Values 1 Feed Flow rate m3/h 90 –130 Feed Preheat Temperature ºC 165 - 270 Recicle Slurry m3/h 5 –12 2 Reactor Riser Outlet Temperature ºC 520 –530

REFINING COMMUNITY

A higher boiling fraction will result in a two phase flow on the compressor discharge. A lighter naphtha would require more liquid be added to prevent a dry point in the compressor. A dry point would result in deposition of material on the compressor impellers and then no liquid to mitigate the increase in temperature due to compression. GROUND PENETRATING RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND ITTECHNOLOGY AND Electromagnetic Spectrum Visible Light Spectrum y400-790 THz = Wavelength of 390-750 nm GPR in 400-1600 MHz range yWavelength around 90 to 30 cm (35-12 in) Alllight(invacuum)travels 5 All light (in vacuum) travels at 299,792,458 m/s (6.706166E8 Mi/hr) yLess depending

on the material

CATALYTIC SOLUTIONS TO OVERCOME IMO CHALLENGES Catalytic Solutions to Overcome IMO Challenges. 1. Baha Eren Technical Service Engineer. May 2019 COKER HEATER DESIGN THE HEART OF THE COKING PROCESS Fired Heaters TUBE DESIGN CONDITIONS Metallurgy 9Cr-1Mo vs. 347SS — API Limits 1300°F for 9Cr-1Mo vs. 1500°F for SS — SS Tubes have better spalling ability on organic fli d tth l i tifouling due to thermal expansion properties — SS Tubes are more prone to erosion in return bends — 9Cr has proven to be successful in operation on various feed stocks including high S, high IMPACT OF FEED PROPERTIES AND OPERATING PARAMETERS ON Delayed Coking Control Variables Variable Fuel Coke Anode Coke Needle Coke Temperature, °F 910 - 930 925 - 950 925 - 950 Pressure, psig 15 typical 18 – 60+ 50 – 90+ COKER SAFETY AND RELIABILITY LESSONS LEARNED COKER SAFETY & RELIABILITY The Delayed Coker industry has had many incidents with severe consequences, including numerous fatalities. There has been great progress REFINING COMMUNITYEREFCOMMREFCOMMTRAININGCONSULTINGRESOURCESFORUM Refining Community a part of CRU Group provides consulting, technical support, field services, training, regional events, and industry conferences () to oil refineries and gas plants around the world.Our services include safe unit operation, process optimization, HAZOP and P&ID review, preventive maintenance programs, start-up & commissioning, turnaround support, design, troubleshooting, and

REFINING COMMUNITY

Wow, what an event! RefComm 2021 has come to an end but it’s not over yet. You can still access the on demand content until June 11, 2021 so be sure to go back and check out any of the content you may have missed. We had a record turnout for this RefComm and it was thanks to YOU: our refiners, vendors, sponsors, and exhibitors. While we much prefer seeing all of you at our in-person events

REFINING COMMUNITY

Shale gas produced an imbalance in propylene supply and demand. This has driven the implementation of several projects using available propane dehydrogenation commercial technology. These technologies were adapted from existing processes. These adapted technologies are not tailored to efficiently manage the inherent challenges of catalyst activity, heat input, reaction equilibrium, and FCC FLUE GAS TREATMENT BY IMPLEMENTING BELCO WET SCRUBBING Always moving forward 2 No Properties Unit Values 1 Density Kg/m3 916 –935 2 Sulphur % 1.6 - 1.8 3 Nitrogen ppm 1400 - 1900 4 IFB / FBP �C 320/575 5 K UOP Factor 11.6 - 11.8 6 Coke Conradson %wt 0.4 –1.2 No Operating Conditions Unit Values 1 Feed Flow rate m3/h 90 –130 Feed Preheat Temperature ºC 165 - 270 Recicle Slurry m3/h 5 –12 2 Reactor Riser Outlet Temperature ºC 520 –530

REFINING COMMUNITY

A higher boiling fraction will result in a two phase flow on the compressor discharge. A lighter naphtha would require more liquid be added to prevent a dry point in the compressor. A dry point would result in deposition of material on the compressor impellers and then no liquid to mitigate the increase in temperature due to compression. GROUND PENETRATING RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND ITTECHNOLOGY AND Electromagnetic Spectrum Visible Light Spectrum y400-790 THz = Wavelength of 390-750 nm GPR in 400-1600 MHz range yWavelength around 90 to 30 cm (35-12 in) Alllight(invacuum)travels 5 All light (in vacuum) travels at 299,792,458 m/s (6.706166E8 Mi/hr) yLess depending

on the material

CATALYTIC SOLUTIONS TO OVERCOME IMO CHALLENGES Catalytic Solutions to Overcome IMO Challenges. 1. Baha Eren Technical Service Engineer. May 2019 COKER HEATER DESIGN THE HEART OF THE COKING PROCESS Fired Heaters TUBE DESIGN CONDITIONS Metallurgy 9Cr-1Mo vs. 347SS — API Limits 1300°F for 9Cr-1Mo vs. 1500°F for SS — SS Tubes have better spalling ability on organic fli d tth l i tifouling due to thermal expansion properties — SS Tubes are more prone to erosion in return bends — 9Cr has proven to be successful in operation on various feed stocks including high S, high IMPACT OF FEED PROPERTIES AND OPERATING PARAMETERS ON Delayed Coking Control Variables Variable Fuel Coke Anode Coke Needle Coke Temperature, °F 910 - 930 925 - 950 925 - 950 Pressure, psig 15 typical 18 – 60+ 50 – 90+ COKER SAFETY AND RELIABILITY LESSONS LEARNED COKER SAFETY & RELIABILITY The Delayed Coker industry has had many incidents with severe consequences, including numerous fatalities. There has been great progress

REFINING COMMUNITY

Refining Community a part of CRU Group provides consulting, technical support, field services, training, regional events, and industry conferences () to oil refineries and gas plants around the world.Our services include safe unit operation, process optimization, HAZOP and P&ID review, preventive maintenance programs, start-up & commissioning, turnaround support, design, troubleshooting, and

REFINING COMMUNITY

Shale gas produced an imbalance in propylene supply and demand. This has driven the implementation of several projects using available propane dehydrogenation commercial technology. These technologies were adapted from existing processes. These adapted technologies are not tailored to efficiently manage the inherent challenges of catalyst activity, heat input, reaction equilibrium, and

REFINING COMMUNITY

FCC Slurry Oil filter systems. FiltroGlobal LLC. Business Genre:

Specialty Equipment

LEADER IN CYCLONE DESIGN SPECIALIST IN FLUID BED APPLICATIONS CONCLUSIONS • The normal FCC operating conditions in which cyclones are designed to operate are severe As a result some erosion is expectedoperate are severe. As a result some erosion is expected. • FCC process upsets can be common and cyclones need to accommodate these extreme conditions to reduce the risk of an unscheduled shutdownthese extreme conditions to reduce the risk of an CARBON UTILIZATION AND PETROCHEMICAL INTEGRATION Recycle of the Vacuum Bottom –VBR VBR reduces the severity per pass, low conversion per pass and reduced formation of sediment levels Demonstrated Commercially : H-Oil unit started-up in the 80’s had operated at high conversion of VR with VBR , this mode was part of the

design.

GULFTRONIC SEPARATOR SYSTEMS FCC/RFCC • Heavier crudes increase FCC catalyst consumption. • FCC vital in the growing demand for propylene • Increased economic demands require more residual to be sent to the FCC/RFCC • Degrading FCC reactor side cyclone efficiency increases Catalyst lost , Recovery is key • FCC/RFCC units approx. 20-25 tons of catalyst per day turnover with petrochemical driver.

REFINING COMMUNITY

Rumor has it that PDVSA is going to take control of petcoke & review contracts that were in place with original US JV partners. Would fit profile on what has occured thus far in not honoring contracts & belief they would be able to take over end user supply contracts Koch, SSM (now part Oxbow), Oxbow, ect put in place for them & probably try to get additional price increase based on IMPACT OF FEED PROPERTIES AND OPERATING PARAMETERS ON Delayed Coking Control Variables Variable Fuel Coke Anode Coke Needle Coke Temperature, °F 910 - 930 925 - 950 925 - 950 Pressure, psig 15 typical 18 – 60+ 50 – 90+ EQUIPMENT TO IMPROVE THE SAFETY AND RELIABILITY IN FCC UNITS ‣Seal Pots may seem a good alternative to more complex three way valve such as a Diverter: ‣No moving parts ‣No complex hydraulic or controls ‣No purging, spares, maintenance ‣No Valves vendors bothering you at Refcomm ‣Seal Pots, however, pose subtle but severe reliability issues. ‣A user case from a South American Plant is

resumed in

NO SLIDE TITLE

BELCO® ’s List of Scrubbing Experience In Refineries North America (41) Valero (9) Coastal Marathon/Ashland (2) Quakerstate (Pennzoil) Irving Oil Motiva Conoco Phillips (5) Premcor (4) (now Valero) Shell Oil Lion Oil Citgo (3) Sunoco (4) BP Placid Western Petrobras HollyFrontier (3) Tesoro REFINING COMMUNITYEREFCOMMREFCOMMTRAININGCONSULTINGRESOURCESFORUM Refining Community a part of CRU Group provides consulting, technical support, field services, training, regional events, and industry conferences () to oil refineries and gas plants around the world.Our services include safe unit operation, process optimization, HAZOP and P&ID review, preventive maintenance programs, start-up & commissioning, turnaround support, design, troubleshooting, and

REFINING COMMUNITY

Wow, what an event! RefComm 2021 has come to an end but it’s not over yet. You can still access the on demand content until June 11, 2021 so be sure to go back and check out any of the content you may have missed. We had a record turnout for this RefComm and it was thanks to YOU: our refiners, vendors, sponsors, and exhibitors. While we much prefer seeing all of you at our in-person events

REFINING COMMUNITY

Shale gas produced an imbalance in propylene supply and demand. This has driven the implementation of several projects using available propane dehydrogenation commercial technology. These technologies were adapted from existing processes. These adapted technologies are not tailored to efficiently manage the inherent challenges of catalyst activity, heat input, reaction equilibrium, and FCC FLUE GAS TREATMENT BY IMPLEMENTING BELCO WET SCRUBBING Always moving forward 2 No Properties Unit Values 1 Density Kg/m3 916 –935 2 Sulphur % 1.6 - 1.8 3 Nitrogen ppm 1400 - 1900 4 IFB / FBP �C 320/575 5 K UOP Factor 11.6 - 11.8 6 Coke Conradson %wt 0.4 –1.2 No Operating Conditions Unit Values 1 Feed Flow rate m3/h 90 –130 Feed Preheat Temperature ºC 165 - 270 Recicle Slurry m3/h 5 –12 2 Reactor Riser Outlet Temperature ºC 520 –530

REFINING COMMUNITY

A higher boiling fraction will result in a two phase flow on the compressor discharge. A lighter naphtha would require more liquid be added to prevent a dry point in the compressor. A dry point would result in deposition of material on the compressor impellers and then no liquid to mitigate the increase in temperature due to compression. GROUND PENETRATING RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND ITTECHNOLOGY AND Electromagnetic Spectrum Visible Light Spectrum y400-790 THz = Wavelength of 390-750 nm GPR in 400-1600 MHz range yWavelength around 90 to 30 cm (35-12 in) Alllight(invacuum)travels 5 All light (in vacuum) travels at 299,792,458 m/s (6.706166E8 Mi/hr) yLess depending

on the material

CATALYTIC SOLUTIONS TO OVERCOME IMO CHALLENGES Catalytic Solutions to Overcome IMO Challenges. 1. Baha Eren Technical Service Engineer. May 2019 IMPACT OF FEED PROPERTIES AND OPERATING PARAMETERS ON Delayed Coking Control Variables Variable Fuel Coke Anode Coke Needle Coke Temperature, °F 910 - 930 925 - 950 925 - 950 Pressure, psig 15 typical 18 – 60+ 50 – 90+ COKER SAFETY AND RELIABILITY LESSONS LEARNED COKER SAFETY & RELIABILITY The Delayed Coker industry has had many incidents with severe consequences, including numerous fatalities. There has been great progress DELAYED COKER LOW COKING TEMPERATURES & RECENT SITE EXPERIENCE Delayed Coker: Low Coking Temperature Procedures Short-Run Drum Procedures - Attendant Risks Ri k f N t P l H dli Sh t R D (1) If not properly stripped and cooled, there is risk of fire and explosion REFINING COMMUNITYEREFCOMMREFCOMMTRAININGCONSULTINGRESOURCESFORUM Refining Community a part of CRU Group provides consulting, technical support, field services, training, regional events, and industry conferences () to oil refineries and gas plants around the world.Our services include safe unit operation, process optimization, HAZOP and P&ID review, preventive maintenance programs, start-up & commissioning, turnaround support, design, troubleshooting, and

REFINING COMMUNITY

Wow, what an event! RefComm 2021 has come to an end but it’s not over yet. You can still access the on demand content until June 11, 2021 so be sure to go back and check out any of the content you may have missed. We had a record turnout for this RefComm and it was thanks to YOU: our refiners, vendors, sponsors, and exhibitors. While we much prefer seeing all of you at our in-person events

REFINING COMMUNITY

Shale gas produced an imbalance in propylene supply and demand. This has driven the implementation of several projects using available propane dehydrogenation commercial technology. These technologies were adapted from existing processes. These adapted technologies are not tailored to efficiently manage the inherent challenges of catalyst activity, heat input, reaction equilibrium, and FCC FLUE GAS TREATMENT BY IMPLEMENTING BELCO WET SCRUBBING Always moving forward 2 No Properties Unit Values 1 Density Kg/m3 916 –935 2 Sulphur % 1.6 - 1.8 3 Nitrogen ppm 1400 - 1900 4 IFB / FBP �C 320/575 5 K UOP Factor 11.6 - 11.8 6 Coke Conradson %wt 0.4 –1.2 No Operating Conditions Unit Values 1 Feed Flow rate m3/h 90 –130 Feed Preheat Temperature ºC 165 - 270 Recicle Slurry m3/h 5 –12 2 Reactor Riser Outlet Temperature ºC 520 –530

REFINING COMMUNITY

A higher boiling fraction will result in a two phase flow on the compressor discharge. A lighter naphtha would require more liquid be added to prevent a dry point in the compressor. A dry point would result in deposition of material on the compressor impellers and then no liquid to mitigate the increase in temperature due to compression. GROUND PENETRATING RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND ITTECHNOLOGY AND Electromagnetic Spectrum Visible Light Spectrum y400-790 THz = Wavelength of 390-750 nm GPR in 400-1600 MHz range yWavelength around 90 to 30 cm (35-12 in) Alllight(invacuum)travels 5 All light (in vacuum) travels at 299,792,458 m/s (6.706166E8 Mi/hr) yLess depending

on the material

CATALYTIC SOLUTIONS TO OVERCOME IMO CHALLENGES Catalytic Solutions to Overcome IMO Challenges. 1. Baha Eren Technical Service Engineer. May 2019 IMPACT OF FEED PROPERTIES AND OPERATING PARAMETERS ON Delayed Coking Control Variables Variable Fuel Coke Anode Coke Needle Coke Temperature, °F 910 - 930 925 - 950 925 - 950 Pressure, psig 15 typical 18 – 60+ 50 – 90+ COKER SAFETY AND RELIABILITY LESSONS LEARNED COKER SAFETY & RELIABILITY The Delayed Coker industry has had many incidents with severe consequences, including numerous fatalities. There has been great progress DELAYED COKER LOW COKING TEMPERATURES & RECENT SITE EXPERIENCE Delayed Coker: Low Coking Temperature Procedures Short-Run Drum Procedures - Attendant Risks Ri k f N t P l H dli Sh t R D (1) If not properly stripped and cooled, there is risk of fire and explosion

REFINING COMMUNITY

Refining Community a part of CRU Group provides consulting, technical support, field services, training, regional events, and industry conferences () to oil refineries and gas plants around the world.Our services include safe unit operation, process optimization, HAZOP and P&ID review, preventive maintenance programs, start-up & commissioning, turnaround support, design, troubleshooting, and

REFINING COMMUNITY

Shale gas produced an imbalance in propylene supply and demand. This has driven the implementation of several projects using available propane dehydrogenation commercial technology. These technologies were adapted from existing processes. These adapted technologies are not tailored to efficiently manage the inherent challenges of catalyst activity, heat input, reaction equilibrium, and

REFINING COMMUNITY

FCC Slurry Oil filter systems. FiltroGlobal LLC. Business Genre:

Specialty Equipment

REFINING COMMUNITY

Chevron developed the two column WWT process in the mid-1960s to handle the large amounts of sour water resulting from processing high nitrogen California crudes. Bechtel Hydrocarbon Technology Solutions, Inc. (BHTS) purchased the technology and has been studying the benefits of modern refinery sour water processing in WWT units versus conventional SWS based on incremental utility costs COKER HEATER DESIGN THE HEART OF THE COKING PROCESS Fired Heaters TUBE DESIGN CONDITIONS Metallurgy 9Cr-1Mo vs. 347SS — API Limits 1300°F for 9Cr-1Mo vs. 1500°F for SS — SS Tubes have better spalling ability on organic fli d tth l i tifouling due to thermal expansion properties — SS Tubes are more prone to erosion in return bends — 9Cr has proven to be successful in operation on various feed stocks including high S, high CARBON UTILIZATION AND PETROCHEMICAL INTEGRATION Recycle of the Vacuum Bottom –VBR VBR reduces the severity per pass, low conversion per pass and reduced formation of sediment levels Demonstrated Commercially : H-Oil unit started-up in the 80’s had operated at high conversion of VR with VBR , this mode was part of the

design.

LEADER IN CYCLONE DESIGN SPECIALIST IN FLUID BED APPLICATIONS CONCLUSIONS • The normal FCC operating conditions in which cyclones are designed to operate are severe As a result some erosion is expectedoperate are severe. As a result some erosion is expected. • FCC process upsets can be common and cyclones need to accommodate these extreme conditions to reduce the risk of an unscheduled shutdownthese extreme conditions to reduce the risk of an IMPACT OF FEED PROPERTIES AND OPERATING PARAMETERS ON Delayed Coking Control Variables Variable Fuel Coke Anode Coke Needle Coke Temperature, °F 910 - 930 925 - 950 925 - 950 Pressure, psig 15 typical 18 – 60+ 50 – 90+ OPTIMIZATION OF FCCU EXPANSION JOINT APPLICATION, SYSTEM 10 FCCU Expansion Joint DESIGN (cont’d) Expansion joint application and Design Optimization • Consider the effect of refractory lining on stiffness of duct. • Perform FEA to determine vessel nozzle flexibility • Perform structural analysis to determine restraint flexibility • Determine effective modulus of elasticity of duct, Eeff. • Calculate equivalent duct thickness, teq

NO SLIDE TITLE

BELCO® ’s List of Scrubbing Experience In Refineries North America (41) Valero (9) Coastal Marathon/Ashland (2) Quakerstate (Pennzoil) Irving Oil Motiva Conoco Phillips (5) Premcor (4) (now Valero) Shell Oil Lion Oil Citgo (3) Sunoco (4) BP Placid Western Petrobras HollyFrontier (3) Tesoro REFINING COMMUNITYEREFCOMMREFCOMMTRAININGCONSULTINGRESOURCESFORUM Refining Community a part of CRU Group provides consulting, technical support, field services, training, regional events, and industry conferences () to oil refineries and gas plants around the world.Our services include safe unit operation, process optimization, HAZOP and P&ID review, preventive maintenance programs, start-up & commissioning, turnaround support, design, troubleshooting, and

REFINING COMMUNITY

Wow, what an event! RefComm 2021 has come to an end but it’s not over yet. You can still access the on demand content until June 11, 2021 so be sure to go back and check out any of the content you may have missed. We had a record turnout for this RefComm and it was thanks to YOU: our refiners, vendors, sponsors, and exhibitors. While we much prefer seeing all of you at our in-person events

REFINING COMMUNITY

Shale gas produced an imbalance in propylene supply and demand. This has driven the implementation of several projects using available propane dehydrogenation commercial technology. These technologies were adapted from existing processes. These adapted technologies are not tailored to efficiently manage the inherent challenges of catalyst activity, heat input, reaction equilibrium, and FCC FLUE GAS TREATMENT BY IMPLEMENTING BELCO WET SCRUBBING Always moving forward 2 No Properties Unit Values 1 Density Kg/m3 916 –935 2 Sulphur % 1.6 - 1.8 3 Nitrogen ppm 1400 - 1900 4 IFB / FBP �C 320/575 5 K UOP Factor 11.6 - 11.8 6 Coke Conradson %wt 0.4 –1.2 No Operating Conditions Unit Values 1 Feed Flow rate m3/h 90 –130 Feed Preheat Temperature ºC 165 - 270 Recicle Slurry m3/h 5 –12 2 Reactor Riser Outlet Temperature ºC 520 –530

REFINING COMMUNITY

A higher boiling fraction will result in a two phase flow on the compressor discharge. A lighter naphtha would require more liquid be added to prevent a dry point in the compressor. A dry point would result in deposition of material on the compressor impellers and then no liquid to mitigate the increase in temperature due to compression. GROUND PENETRATING RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND ITTECHNOLOGY AND Electromagnetic Spectrum Visible Light Spectrum y400-790 THz = Wavelength of 390-750 nm GPR in 400-1600 MHz range yWavelength around 90 to 30 cm (35-12 in) Alllight(invacuum)travels 5 All light (in vacuum) travels at 299,792,458 m/s (6.706166E8 Mi/hr) yLess depending

on the material

CATALYTIC SOLUTIONS TO OVERCOME IMO CHALLENGES Catalytic Solutions to Overcome IMO Challenges. 1. Baha Eren Technical Service Engineer. May 2019 IMPACT OF FEED PROPERTIES AND OPERATING PARAMETERS ON Delayed Coking Control Variables Variable Fuel Coke Anode Coke Needle Coke Temperature, °F 910 - 930 925 - 950 925 - 950 Pressure, psig 15 typical 18 – 60+ 50 – 90+ COKER SAFETY AND RELIABILITY LESSONS LEARNED COKER SAFETY & RELIABILITY The Delayed Coker industry has had many incidents with severe consequences, including numerous fatalities. There has been great progress DELAYED COKER LOW COKING TEMPERATURES & RECENT SITE EXPERIENCE Delayed Coker: Low Coking Temperature Procedures Short-Run Drum Procedures - Attendant Risks Ri k f N t P l H dli Sh t R D (1) If not properly stripped and cooled, there is risk of fire and explosion REFINING COMMUNITYEREFCOMMREFCOMMTRAININGCONSULTINGRESOURCESFORUM Refining Community a part of CRU Group provides consulting, technical support, field services, training, regional events, and industry conferences () to oil refineries and gas plants around the world.Our services include safe unit operation, process optimization, HAZOP and P&ID review, preventive maintenance programs, start-up & commissioning, turnaround support, design, troubleshooting, and

REFINING COMMUNITY

Wow, what an event! RefComm 2021 has come to an end but it’s not over yet. You can still access the on demand content until June 11, 2021 so be sure to go back and check out any of the content you may have missed. We had a record turnout for this RefComm and it was thanks to YOU: our refiners, vendors, sponsors, and exhibitors. While we much prefer seeing all of you at our in-person events

REFINING COMMUNITY

Shale gas produced an imbalance in propylene supply and demand. This has driven the implementation of several projects using available propane dehydrogenation commercial technology. These technologies were adapted from existing processes. These adapted technologies are not tailored to efficiently manage the inherent challenges of catalyst activity, heat input, reaction equilibrium, and FCC FLUE GAS TREATMENT BY IMPLEMENTING BELCO WET SCRUBBING Always moving forward 2 No Properties Unit Values 1 Density Kg/m3 916 –935 2 Sulphur % 1.6 - 1.8 3 Nitrogen ppm 1400 - 1900 4 IFB / FBP �C 320/575 5 K UOP Factor 11.6 - 11.8 6 Coke Conradson %wt 0.4 –1.2 No Operating Conditions Unit Values 1 Feed Flow rate m3/h 90 –130 Feed Preheat Temperature ºC 165 - 270 Recicle Slurry m3/h 5 –12 2 Reactor Riser Outlet Temperature ºC 520 –530

REFINING COMMUNITY

A higher boiling fraction will result in a two phase flow on the compressor discharge. A lighter naphtha would require more liquid be added to prevent a dry point in the compressor. A dry point would result in deposition of material on the compressor impellers and then no liquid to mitigate the increase in temperature due to compression. GROUND PENETRATING RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND ITTECHNOLOGY AND Electromagnetic Spectrum Visible Light Spectrum y400-790 THz = Wavelength of 390-750 nm GPR in 400-1600 MHz range yWavelength around 90 to 30 cm (35-12 in) Alllight(invacuum)travels 5 All light (in vacuum) travels at 299,792,458 m/s (6.706166E8 Mi/hr) yLess depending

on the material

CATALYTIC SOLUTIONS TO OVERCOME IMO CHALLENGES Catalytic Solutions to Overcome IMO Challenges. 1. Baha Eren Technical Service Engineer. May 2019 IMPACT OF FEED PROPERTIES AND OPERATING PARAMETERS ON Delayed Coking Control Variables Variable Fuel Coke Anode Coke Needle Coke Temperature, °F 910 - 930 925 - 950 925 - 950 Pressure, psig 15 typical 18 – 60+ 50 – 90+ COKER SAFETY AND RELIABILITY LESSONS LEARNED COKER SAFETY & RELIABILITY The Delayed Coker industry has had many incidents with severe consequences, including numerous fatalities. There has been great progress DELAYED COKER LOW COKING TEMPERATURES & RECENT SITE EXPERIENCE Delayed Coker: Low Coking Temperature Procedures Short-Run Drum Procedures - Attendant Risks Ri k f N t P l H dli Sh t R D (1) If not properly stripped and cooled, there is risk of fire and explosion

REFINING COMMUNITY

Refining Community a part of CRU Group provides consulting, technical support, field services, training, regional events, and industry conferences () to oil refineries and gas plants around the world.Our services include safe unit operation, process optimization, HAZOP and P&ID review, preventive maintenance programs, start-up & commissioning, turnaround support, design, troubleshooting, and

REFINING COMMUNITY

Shale gas produced an imbalance in propylene supply and demand. This has driven the implementation of several projects using available propane dehydrogenation commercial technology. These technologies were adapted from existing processes. These adapted technologies are not tailored to efficiently manage the inherent challenges of catalyst activity, heat input, reaction equilibrium, and

REFINING COMMUNITY

FCC Slurry Oil filter systems. FiltroGlobal LLC. Business Genre:

Specialty Equipment

REFINING COMMUNITY

Chevron developed the two column WWT process in the mid-1960s to handle the large amounts of sour water resulting from processing high nitrogen California crudes. Bechtel Hydrocarbon Technology Solutions, Inc. (BHTS) purchased the technology and has been studying the benefits of modern refinery sour water processing in WWT units versus conventional SWS based on incremental utility costs COKER HEATER DESIGN THE HEART OF THE COKING PROCESS Fired Heaters TUBE DESIGN CONDITIONS Metallurgy 9Cr-1Mo vs. 347SS — API Limits 1300°F for 9Cr-1Mo vs. 1500°F for SS — SS Tubes have better spalling ability on organic fli d tth l i tifouling due to thermal expansion properties — SS Tubes are more prone to erosion in return bends — 9Cr has proven to be successful in operation on various feed stocks including high S, high CARBON UTILIZATION AND PETROCHEMICAL INTEGRATION Recycle of the Vacuum Bottom –VBR VBR reduces the severity per pass, low conversion per pass and reduced formation of sediment levels Demonstrated Commercially : H-Oil unit started-up in the 80’s had operated at high conversion of VR with VBR , this mode was part of the

design.

LEADER IN CYCLONE DESIGN SPECIALIST IN FLUID BED APPLICATIONS CONCLUSIONS • The normal FCC operating conditions in which cyclones are designed to operate are severe As a result some erosion is expectedoperate are severe. As a result some erosion is expected. • FCC process upsets can be common and cyclones need to accommodate these extreme conditions to reduce the risk of an unscheduled shutdownthese extreme conditions to reduce the risk of an IMPACT OF FEED PROPERTIES AND OPERATING PARAMETERS ON Delayed Coking Control Variables Variable Fuel Coke Anode Coke Needle Coke Temperature, °F 910 - 930 925 - 950 925 - 950 Pressure, psig 15 typical 18 – 60+ 50 – 90+ OPTIMIZATION OF FCCU EXPANSION JOINT APPLICATION, SYSTEM 10 FCCU Expansion Joint DESIGN (cont’d) Expansion joint application and Design Optimization • Consider the effect of refractory lining on stiffness of duct. • Perform FEA to determine vessel nozzle flexibility • Perform structural analysis to determine restraint flexibility • Determine effective modulus of elasticity of duct, Eeff. • Calculate equivalent duct thickness, teq

NO SLIDE TITLE

BELCO® ’s List of Scrubbing Experience In Refineries North America (41) Valero (9) Coastal Marathon/Ashland (2) Quakerstate (Pennzoil) Irving Oil Motiva Conoco Phillips (5) Premcor (4) (now Valero) Shell Oil Lion Oil Citgo (3) Sunoco (4) BP Placid Western Petrobras HollyFrontier (3) Tesoro REFINING COMMUNITYEREFCOMMREFCOMMTRAININGCONSULTINGRESOURCESFORUM Refining Community a part of CRU Group provides consulting, technical support, field services, training, regional events, and industry conferences () to oil refineries and gas plants around the world.Our services include safe unit operation, process optimization, HAZOP and P&ID review, preventive maintenance programs, start-up & commissioning, turnaround support, design, troubleshooting, and

REFINING COMMUNITY

Wow, what an event! RefComm 2021 has come to an end but it’s not over yet. You can still access the on demand content until June 11, 2021 so be sure to go back and check out any of the content you may have missed. We had a record turnout for this RefComm and it was thanks to YOU: our refiners, vendors, sponsors, and exhibitors. While we much prefer seeing all of you at our in-person events

REFINING COMMUNITY

Stay tuned for more information. VIRTUAL TRAINING 2021 1 | RefComm® 2021 Virtual Training RFCO Virtual Technical Conference 10-1 May 2021 ® 2021 May 10 - 11, 2021 Training 8am-5pm CT (1300-2200 GMT) both days. Includes a complimentary

REFINING COMMUNITY

Shale gas produced an imbalance in propylene supply and demand. This has driven the implementation of several projects using available propane dehydrogenation commercial technology. These technologies were adapted from existing processes. These adapted technologies are not tailored to efficiently manage the inherent challenges of catalyst activity, heat input, reaction equilibrium, and

REFINING COMMUNITY

Shell has long been a developer of FCC feed nozzle technology, but over the last 5+ years, Shell’s R&D efforts have led to a significant improvement in feed nozzle design in terms of conversion, selectivity and feed flexibility. Shell’s efforts started with using new analytical techniques that identified previously unknown portions of the spray pattern called globules, or unatomized FCC FLUE GAS TREATMENT BY IMPLEMENTING BELCO WET SCRUBBING Always moving forward 2 No Properties Unit Values 1 Density Kg/m3 916 –935 2 Sulphur % 1.6 - 1.8 3 Nitrogen ppm 1400 - 1900 4 IFB / FBP �C 320/575 5 K UOP Factor 11.6 - 11.8 6 Coke Conradson %wt 0.4 –1.2 No Operating Conditions Unit Values 1 Feed Flow rate m3/h 90 –130 Feed Preheat Temperature ºC 165 - 270 Recicle Slurry m3/h 5 –12 2 Reactor Riser Outlet Temperature ºC 520 –530

REFINING COMMUNITY

A higher boiling fraction will result in a two phase flow on the compressor discharge. A lighter naphtha would require more liquid be added to prevent a dry point in the compressor. A dry point would result in deposition of material on the compressor impellers and then no liquid to mitigate the increase in temperature due to compression. LEADER IN CYCLONE DESIGN SPECIALIST IN FLUID BED … CONCLUSIONS • The normal FCC operating conditions in which cyclones are designed to operate are severe As a result some erosion is expectedoperate are severe. As a result some erosion is expected. • FCC process upsets can be common and cyclones need to accommodate these extreme conditions to reduce the risk of an unscheduled shutdownthese extreme conditions to reduce the risk of an RESIDUE HYDROCRACKING SOLUTIONS FOR REFINERY SUSTAINABILITY � 2019 Chevron Lummus Global. All Rights Reserved. Company Confidential 7 Residue Hydrocracking acuum ation Steam Cracker & Associated Units Ethylene Propylene REFINING COMMUNITYEREFCOMMREFCOMMTRAININGCONSULTINGRESOURCESFORUM Refining Community a part of CRU Group provides consulting, technical support, field services, training, regional events, and industry conferences () to oil refineries and gas plants around the world.Our services include safe unit operation, process optimization, HAZOP and P&ID review, preventive maintenance programs, start-up & commissioning, turnaround support, design, troubleshooting, and

REFINING COMMUNITY

Wow, what an event! RefComm 2021 has come to an end but it’s not over yet. You can still access the on demand content until June 11, 2021 so be sure to go back and check out any of the content you may have missed. We had a record turnout for this RefComm and it was thanks to YOU: our refiners, vendors, sponsors, and exhibitors. While we much prefer seeing all of you at our in-person events

REFINING COMMUNITY

Stay tuned for more information. VIRTUAL TRAINING 2021 1 | RefComm® 2021 Virtual Training RFCO Virtual Technical Conference 10-1 May 2021 ® 2021 May 10 - 11, 2021 Training 8am-5pm CT (1300-2200 GMT) both days. Includes a complimentary

REFINING COMMUNITY

Shale gas produced an imbalance in propylene supply and demand. This has driven the implementation of several projects using available propane dehydrogenation commercial technology. These technologies were adapted from existing processes. These adapted technologies are not tailored to efficiently manage the inherent challenges of catalyst activity, heat input, reaction equilibrium, and

REFINING COMMUNITY

Shell has long been a developer of FCC feed nozzle technology, but over the last 5+ years, Shell’s R&D efforts have led to a significant improvement in feed nozzle design in terms of conversion, selectivity and feed flexibility. Shell’s efforts started with using new analytical techniques that identified previously unknown portions of the spray pattern called globules, or unatomized FCC FLUE GAS TREATMENT BY IMPLEMENTING BELCO WET SCRUBBING Always moving forward 2 No Properties Unit Values 1 Density Kg/m3 916 –935 2 Sulphur % 1.6 - 1.8 3 Nitrogen ppm 1400 - 1900 4 IFB / FBP �C 320/575 5 K UOP Factor 11.6 - 11.8 6 Coke Conradson %wt 0.4 –1.2 No Operating Conditions Unit Values 1 Feed Flow rate m3/h 90 –130 Feed Preheat Temperature ºC 165 - 270 Recicle Slurry m3/h 5 –12 2 Reactor Riser Outlet Temperature ºC 520 –530

REFINING COMMUNITY

A higher boiling fraction will result in a two phase flow on the compressor discharge. A lighter naphtha would require more liquid be added to prevent a dry point in the compressor. A dry point would result in deposition of material on the compressor impellers and then no liquid to mitigate the increase in temperature due to compression. LEADER IN CYCLONE DESIGN SPECIALIST IN FLUID BED … CONCLUSIONS • The normal FCC operating conditions in which cyclones are designed to operate are severe As a result some erosion is expectedoperate are severe. As a result some erosion is expected. • FCC process upsets can be common and cyclones need to accommodate these extreme conditions to reduce the risk of an unscheduled shutdownthese extreme conditions to reduce the risk of an RESIDUE HYDROCRACKING SOLUTIONS FOR REFINERY SUSTAINABILITY � 2019 Chevron Lummus Global. All Rights Reserved. Company Confidential 7 Residue Hydrocracking acuum ation Steam Cracker & Associated Units Ethylene Propylene

REFINING COMMUNITY

Resid HydroCracking is quickly emerging as today’s hot refining technology to increase bottom of the barrel conversion. Although this process has been around for 50 years, it only recently gained popularity because of its ability to process heavier and diverse feedstocks and reduce sulfur content. The Sturgeon Refinery shown in the cover image above commissioned their RHC in December 2018

REFINING COMMUNITY

This new era needle coke is unsurpassed in its purity, crystalline structure and performance while furthering the drive to reduce emissions from this industry. This is but one of future high quality DCU needle coke feedstock initiatives which will be necessary to sustain industry growth in an increasingly climate conscious business

environment.

REFINING COMMUNITY

FCC Slurry Oil filter systems. FiltroGlobal LLC. Business Genre:

Specialty Equipment

REFINING COMMUNITY

Reboilers using an inlet steam control valve arrangement can provide significant economic and control benefits to certain distillation tower installations. However, their reliability requires effective condensate drainage from the steam space. Unfortunately, there are multiple instances of reboilers experiencing water hammer-related issues such as channel head gasket and tube bundle damage or

REFINING COMMUNITY

Chevron developed the two column WWT process in the mid-1960s to handle the large amounts of sour water resulting from processing high nitrogen California crudes. Bechtel Hydrocarbon Technology Solutions, Inc. (BHTS) purchased the technology and has been studying the benefits of modern refinery sour water processing in WWT units versus conventional SWS based on incremental utility costs GROUND PENETRATING RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND ITTECHNOLOGY AND Electromagnetic Spectrum Visible Light Spectrum y400-790 THz = Wavelength of 390-750 nm GPR in 400-1600 MHz range yWavelength around 90 to 30 cm (35-12 in) Alllight(invacuum)travels 5 All light (in vacuum) travels at 299,792,458 m/s (6.706166E8 Mi/hr) yLess depending

on the material

CARBON UTILIZATION AND PETROCHEMICAL INTEGRATION Recycle of the Vacuum Bottom –VBR VBR reduces the severity per pass, low conversion per pass and reduced formation of sediment levels Demonstrated Commercially : H-Oil unit started-up in the 80’s had operated at high conversion of VR with VBR , this mode was part of the

design.

CATALYTIC SOLUTIONS TO OVERCOME IMO CHALLENGES Catalytic Solutions to Overcome IMO Challenges. 1. Baha Eren Technical Service Engineer. May 2019 COKER HEATER DESIGN THE HEART OF THE COKING PROCESS Fired Heaters TUBE DESIGN CONDITIONS Metallurgy 9Cr-1Mo vs. 347SS — API Limits 1300°F for 9Cr-1Mo vs. 1500°F for SS — SS Tubes have better spalling ability on organic fli d tth l i tifouling due to thermal expansion properties — SS Tubes are more prone to erosion in return bends — 9Cr has proven to be successful in operation on various feed stocks including high S, high IMPACT OF FEED PROPERTIES AND OPERATING PARAMETERS ON Delayed Coking Control Variables Variable Fuel Coke Anode Coke Needle Coke Temperature, °F 910 - 930 925 - 950 925 - 950 Pressure, psig 15 typical 18 – 60+ 50 – 90+ * 2019 RefComm Mumbai * 2020 RefComm Galveston We bring together the Coker, CatCracker, and Resid HydroCracker operator and reliability technicians, process, mechanical and project engineers, inspectors, supervisors, suppliers, designers and EPC's to learn from each other's expertise and improve reliability and productivity while lowering the risk. We strive for More Production -

Less Risk!

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Refining Community provides CONSULTING , TECHNICAL SUPPORT, FIELD SERVICES, TRAINING , REGIONAL EVENTS, and INDUSTRY CONFERENCES (RefComm® ) to oil refineries and gas plants around the world. Our services include safe unit operation, process optimization, HAZOP and P&ID review, preventive maintenance programs, start-up & commissioning, turnaround support, design, troubleshooting, and best practices. We are highly focused on bottom of the barrel upgrading: Delayed Coking Units (DCU), Fluid Catalytic Cracking Units  (FCCU) and Resid HydroCracking (RHCU)

. We strive to

help our customers increase their production while minimizing risk! Contact us to request more » GALLERY-2019 REFCOMM GALVESTON TEXAS RESIDUE HYDROCRACKING SOLUTIONS FOR REFINERY...

REFCOMM

TRAINING

FIELD SERVICES

BOTTOM OF THE BARREL CONVERSIONS: WHAT DOES THE FUTURE... JORDAN PETROLEUM GETS KBR VCC

KBR

will license and design its proprietary Veba Combi Cracking (VCC) technology to fill Jordan Petroleum Refining’s need for Residue Hydroprocessing. “JPRC selected VCC technology among several alternative processes for the conversion of the bottom of the barrel in its forthcoming expansion project,” said Abdel Karim Alawin, JPRC CEO. “JPRC was looking for a feasible process that yields clean products with minimum negative environmental impact.” VCC will be the core of the refinery’s expansion plans to increase production to 120,000 barrels per day. Following on recent implementations in Russia

and... READ MORE

SHELL PERNIS SOLVENT DEASPHALTER Shell Commissions Solvent Deasphalter at Pernis Refinery to Increase Production of More and Cleaner Fuels.... READ MORE SOLVENT DEASPHALTING 101 What is solvent deasphalting and why is it an important process in the oil refining industry?This article explores the overview of solvent deasphalting, how it works, what it is used for, and what SDAs are currently in the market.... READ MORE

SDA LICENSORS

Solvent Deasphalting/ solvent deasphalters/ solvent de-asphalters and its variations are trademarked by several licensors and are known by various names.... READ MORE SOLVENT DEASPHALTING The game of refining is making sure the right molecules end up in the right conversion unit to maximize the value of every hydrocarbon processed. To that end, the solvent deasphalter (SDA) unit is a deceptively simple process that effectively makes the split between a relatively light product, deasphalted oil (DAO), and a heavy product, pitch. The ‘clean’ DAO can then be sent to a high value conversion unit like a Fluid Catalytic Cracker Unit (FCCU) or Hydrocracking Unit (HDCU). The heavier pitch can be sold into the asphalt... READ MORE REFCOMM® A DIAMOND OF A CONFERENCE, SAYS OIL & GAS JOURNAL “With so many events to choose from, it’s hard to sift the diamonds from the glass…in the downstream sector, this editor has found at least one diamond of an annual conference and training event. It’s called RefComm Galveston.” — Robert Brelsford, Downstream Technology Editor, Oil & Gas Journal The leading energy publication Oil & Gas Journal recently published a rave review of RefComm Galveston, citing among its triumphs the conference’s “immersive experience for attendees,” the “intimate and thoughtfully chosen venue,” and the “intensive learning and networking activities” available to attendees... READ MORE

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