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FRSKY R-XSR PINOUT
FrSky R-XSR pinout. Jan 14, 2020. GND - ground wire. +3,5-10V - positive voltage supply. R-XSR is rated up to 10V and powering it from 5V is the best option. SmartPort - inverted S.Port pin (standard) - can be used directly with STM32F3 and F7 series. SBUS - SBUS protocol output. SBUS Input - for redundancy function only. ESP32, ARDUINO AND 3 HARDWARE SERIAL PORTS When working with ESP32 WiFi/Bluetooth MCU under Arduino SDK for ESP32, you will notice that Serial work just fine. But Serial1 and Serial2 do not. ESP32 has 3 hardware serial ports that can be mapped to almost any pin. But, Serial1 and Serial2 will not work. In case of ESP32 this just has to be done in a slightly different way: The trick is to use HardwareSerial library to access UART 1 and 2 INAV: HOW TO SETUP ASYNCHRONOUS GYRO Together with version 1.4, INAV introduced asynchronous gyroscope processing. What is async gyro and why it is useful to have it, you can read here. In short worlds: data from gyroscope is read and filtered faster than PID controller updates motor and servo output. When it is worth to enable asynchronous processing In general, async gyro can be enabled when: Flight controller does not ave CONNECTING ULTRASONIC RANGEFINDER (SONAR) TO CLEANFLIGHT Keeping constant altitude with a drone is not a trivial task. Specially, if drone is supposed to keep give altitude very precisely few meters above the ground. One of the reasons for it is difficulty of reading precise altitude. Barometer can drift when atmospheric pressure changes and can produce a lot of noise. GPS is very inaccurate when dealing with altitude. One of the options is to use USBASP DRIVER FOR WINDOWS 10 USBasp driver for Windows 10 – Working solution. June 28, 2017. July 17, 2020. Yesterday I’ve spent like 2 hours fighting to make USBasp ISP programmer work under Windows 10 64bit. Seriously, that was like some kind of nightmare that turned into a comedy. All web pages that I’ve found suggested following procedure: MPU6000 VS MPU6050 VS MPU6500 MPU6000 and MPU6050 Deep down, MPU6000 and MPU6050 are the same same hardware. They both have the same 3 axis gyroscope and the same 3 axis accelerometer. Both allows max 8kHz gyro sampling rate. From a flight controllers point of view, the only difference between them is bus that connects them to CPU. MPU6000 allows for both I2C and SPI, while MPU6050 has only I2C. STM32 VIRTUALCOMPORT DRIVER FOR WINDOWS STM32 VirtualComPort driver for Windows. Dec 3, 2016. Virtual Com Port, VCP to method of choice for almost all recent flight controllers to connect to PCs. No more onboard USB-to-UART converters like CP2102. SMT32 can work as USB device too after all But for this, Windows users will require dedicated driver. FRSKY ACCST 2.0.0 “IMPORTANT” FIRMWARE UPDATE FOR ALL FrSky does not sleep, or rather woke up, and after years of not touching the topic, released an "important" update of ACCST 2.4GHz protocol for all the compatible 2.4GHz receivers, transmitter modules, and radios: X9D Taranis, Q X7 Taranis, X10/X10S Horus, X8R, X4R, X4R-SB, XM, R-XSR, XJT and so on. What changed in ACCST 2.0.0? According to FrSky, they fixed some kind of a bug with GENERATE PPM SIGNAL WITH ARDUINO In the beginning of this year I've written a short tutorial how to read PWM signals from RC radio with Arduino. While it is can be useful when building own RC equipment, it does not help much when one has to deal with PPM (CPPM) signal. Let's be honest, PPM is much more useful than PWM: all RC channels are sent over single wire. On one side, it simplifies electrical design. HOW TO SETUP INAV ON A ROVER INAV 2.5 finally allowed to use INAV and INAV compatible flight controllers to be used on rovers and boats. Finally, INAV supports not only flying vehicles. Bear in mind, that the rover and boat support is not full, and some functionalities might not be working like expected. What works: Reversible ESC and motors Steering Waypoints Return to home on a straight line without any obstacleFRSKY R-XSR PINOUT
FrSky R-XSR pinout. Jan 14, 2020. GND - ground wire. +3,5-10V - positive voltage supply. R-XSR is rated up to 10V and powering it from 5V is the best option. SmartPort - inverted S.Port pin (standard) - can be used directly with STM32F3 and F7 series. SBUS - SBUS protocol output. SBUS Input - for redundancy function only. ESP32, ARDUINO AND 3 HARDWARE SERIAL PORTS When working with ESP32 WiFi/Bluetooth MCU under Arduino SDK for ESP32, you will notice that Serial work just fine. But Serial1 and Serial2 do not. ESP32 has 3 hardware serial ports that can be mapped to almost any pin. But, Serial1 and Serial2 will not work. In case of ESP32 this just has to be done in a slightly different way: The trick is to use HardwareSerial library to access UART 1 and 2 INAV: HOW TO SETUP ASYNCHRONOUS GYRO Together with version 1.4, INAV introduced asynchronous gyroscope processing. What is async gyro and why it is useful to have it, you can read here. In short worlds: data from gyroscope is read and filtered faster than PID controller updates motor and servo output. When it is worth to enable asynchronous processing In general, async gyro can be enabled when: Flight controller does not ave CONNECTING ULTRASONIC RANGEFINDER (SONAR) TO CLEANFLIGHT Keeping constant altitude with a drone is not a trivial task. Specially, if drone is supposed to keep give altitude very precisely few meters above the ground. One of the reasons for it is difficulty of reading precise altitude. Barometer can drift when atmospheric pressure changes and can produce a lot of noise. GPS is very inaccurate when dealing with altitude. One of the options is to use USBASP DRIVER FOR WINDOWS 10 USBasp driver for Windows 10 – Working solution. June 28, 2017. July 17, 2020. Yesterday I’ve spent like 2 hours fighting to make USBasp ISP programmer work under Windows 10 64bit. Seriously, that was like some kind of nightmare that turned into a comedy. All web pages that I’ve found suggested following procedure: MPU6000 VS MPU6050 VS MPU6500 MPU6000 and MPU6050 Deep down, MPU6000 and MPU6050 are the same same hardware. They both have the same 3 axis gyroscope and the same 3 axis accelerometer. Both allows max 8kHz gyro sampling rate. From a flight controllers point of view, the only difference between them is bus that connects them to CPU. MPU6000 allows for both I2C and SPI, while MPU6050 has only I2C. STM32 VIRTUALCOMPORT DRIVER FOR WINDOWS STM32 VirtualComPort driver for Windows. Dec 3, 2016. Virtual Com Port, VCP to method of choice for almost all recent flight controllers to connect to PCs. No more onboard USB-to-UART converters like CP2102. SMT32 can work as USB device too after all But for this, Windows users will require dedicated driver. FRSKY ACCST 2.0.0 “IMPORTANT” FIRMWARE UPDATE FOR ALL FrSky does not sleep, or rather woke up, and after years of not touching the topic, released an "important" update of ACCST 2.4GHz protocol for all the compatible 2.4GHz receivers, transmitter modules, and radios: X9D Taranis, Q X7 Taranis, X10/X10S Horus, X8R, X4R, X4R-SB, XM, R-XSR, XJT and so on. What changed in ACCST 2.0.0? According to FrSky, they fixed some kind of a bug with QUADMEUP | DRONES, RC AIRPLANES, FPV, ELECTRONICS, AND LILYGO T5 4.7-inch E-paper ESP32 development board. One of the biggest advantages of ESP32 development boards (without even counting the speed, flash size, WiFi, Bluetooth, and two cores) is that they come in a variety of shapes and sizes: bare boards, with OLED, with color LCD, with LoRa chipset, with GPS modem, etc., etc. HOW TO CONNECT GPS TO ESP32 Thanks to a very versatile Input/Output matrix, it is quite simple to connect NMEA GPS modules to ESP32 MCUs. Not only ESP32 boards have 3 serial ports you can choose from, they can be assigned to almost any pin you want. In this example we will connect a popular Ublox NEO-M8N like Beitian BN-880 or BN-220 to a ESP32 development board and output current position on a USB serial FS1000A AND XY-MK-5V, ARDUINO AND VIRTUALWIRE While FS1000A and XY-MK-5V 433MHz radio modules might not be the best choice in terms of quality, or reliability or distance (although few hundred meters in open space are doable), they have one very important trait: they are extremely easy to use. No complicated wiring, no advanced programming. If you want to send some data, just connect data lines, supply voltage and write few WHAT IS BETAFLIGHT AIR MODE? Better late than never, so here is mine explanation what is AirMode implemented in Cleanflights fork Betaflight and hopefully soon available also in Cleanflight. Before we will go to any details, please read this to understand how PID controller works. If you know, you might skip it. In normal flight mode, No Air Mode, flight controller is not using I term from PID controller when throttle MPU6000 VS MPU6050 VS MPU6500 MPU6000 and MPU6050 Deep down, MPU6000 and MPU6050 are the same same hardware. They both have the same 3 axis gyroscope and the same 3 axis accelerometer. Both allows max 8kHz gyro sampling rate. From a flight controllers point of view, the only difference between them is bus that connects them to CPU. MPU6000 allows for both I2C and SPI, while MPU6050 has only I2C. ESP8266 ESP-01 LOW POWER MODE Amazing ESP8266 ESP-01 WiFi boards have pretty irritating problem: theirs power consumption is pretty high. Minimal power consumption of about 70mA when doing nothing and above 100mA when when transferring data makes it rather impossible to use it on battery power for a longer period of time. Set of 2 AA batteries would be drained in less than a day. Not good. There is a way to PPM SIGNAL SUPPORT FOR FS-I6 RADIO FlySky FS-i6 (or branded Turnigy TGY-i6) is a very decent 6 channel entry level RC radio system. But support for PPM (CPPM) standard is somehow not clear. I have no idea why manufacturer keeps PPM support data so well hidden. Anyway, here it is: how can I enable PPM on i6 radio system? PPM signal is supported only on FS-iA6B (v2) receiver, FlySky FS-A8S Mini receiver and a couple of STM32 VIRTUALCOMPORT DRIVER FOR WINDOWS STM32 VirtualComPort driver for Windows. Dec 3, 2016. Virtual Com Port, VCP to method of choice for almost all recent flight controllers to connect to PCs. No more onboard USB-to-UART converters like CP2102. SMT32 can work as USB device too after all But for this, Windows users will require dedicated driver. DALPROP NEPAL N1 5” PROPELLERS This weekend, thanks to Foxeer, I had an opportunity to test flight new Dalprop freestyle props: Nepal N1.Although the name is a puzzle for me, I'm pretty sure Dalprop Nepal N1 might make some stirr!. Anyhow, Nepal series is intended for freestyle although I'm pretty sure you can do some relaxed, non-competitive FPV racing with them aswell.
QUICK REVIEW: EMAX GT2218/08 1100KV MOTORS Quick Review: EMAX GT2218/08 1100KV motors. Nov 3, 2015. Since I was lacking some power in my Reptile 500 quadcopter, I was considering switching my Turnigy MT2213 935KV motors to something more powerful. Last previous weekend kind of forced me to make that switch: I destroyed one motor while trying to replace bearings. QUADMEUP | DRONES, RC AIRPLANES, FPV, ELECTRONICS, AND LILYGO T5 4.7-inch E-paper ESP32 development board. One of the biggest advantages of ESP32 development boards (without even counting the speed, flash size, WiFi, Bluetooth, and two cores) is that they come in a variety of shapes and sizes: bare boards, with OLED, with color LCD, with LoRa chipset, with GPS modem, etc., etc. HC-12 433MHZ WIRELESS SERIAL COMMUNICATION MODULE Description HC-12 are cheap 433MHz wireless serial port communication modules with a range up to 1800m in open space. They are SI4463 based. Each costs about $5 when bought from China, and 2 of them can create wireless UART link that can be used, for example, to transfer telemetry data from UAV. Or drive IoT device. Or connect sensors. Or whatever else one can think of. GENERATE PPM SIGNAL WITH ARDUINO In the beginning of this year I've written a short tutorial how to read PWM signals from RC radio with Arduino. While it is can be useful when building own RC equipment, it does not help much when one has to deal with PPM (CPPM) signal. Let's be honest, PPM is much more useful than PWM: all RC channels are sent over single wire. On one side, it simplifies electrical design. ESP32, ARDUINO AND 3 HARDWARE SERIAL PORTS When working with ESP32 WiFi/Bluetooth MCU under Arduino SDK for ESP32, you will notice that Serial work just fine. But Serial1 and Serial2 do not. ESP32 has 3 hardware serial ports that can be mapped to almost any pin. But, Serial1 and Serial2 will not work. In case of ESP32 this just has to be done in a slightly different way: The trick is to use HardwareSerial library to access UART 1 and 2FRSKY R-XSR PINOUT
FrSky R-XSR pinout. Jan 14, 2020. GND - ground wire. +3,5-10V - positive voltage supply. R-XSR is rated up to 10V and powering it from 5V is the best option. SmartPort - inverted S.Port pin (standard) - can be used directly with STM32F3 and F7 series. SBUS - SBUS protocol output. SBUS Input - for redundancy function only. WHAT IS BETAFLIGHT AIR MODE? Better late than never, so here is mine explanation what is AirMode implemented in Cleanflights fork Betaflight and hopefully soon available also in Cleanflight. Before we will go to any details, please read this to understand how PID controller works. If you know, you might skip it. In normal flight mode, No Air Mode, flight controller is not using I term from PID controller when throttle CONNECTING ULTRASONIC RANGEFINDER (SONAR) TO CLEANFLIGHT Keeping constant altitude with a drone is not a trivial task. Specially, if drone is supposed to keep give altitude very precisely few meters above the ground. One of the reasons for it is difficulty of reading precise altitude. Barometer can drift when atmospheric pressure changes and can produce a lot of noise. GPS is very inaccurate when dealing with altitude. One of the options is to use PPM SIGNAL SUPPORT FOR FS-I6 RADIO FlySky FS-i6 (or branded Turnigy TGY-i6) is a very decent 6 channel entry level RC radio system. But support for PPM (CPPM) standard is somehow not clear. I have no idea why manufacturer keeps PPM support data so well hidden. Anyway, here it is: how can I enable PPM on i6 radio system? PPM signal is supported only on FS-iA6B (v2) receiver, FlySky FS-A8S Mini receiver and a couple of ATTINY85 LIGHT SENSOR I love AVR ATtinyx5 series microcontrollers. They are cheap, easy to use, they can be programmed just like Arduinos and comparing to their size they offer great features. For example, they can be used as a remote analog to digital converters connected to a master device using an I2C bus. Background: A few years ago I've built a weather station based on Raspberry Pi. STM32 VIRTUALCOMPORT DRIVER FOR WINDOWS STM32 VirtualComPort driver for Windows. Dec 3, 2016. Virtual Com Port, VCP to method of choice for almost all recent flight controllers to connect to PCs. No more onboard USB-to-UART converters like CP2102. SMT32 can work as USB device too after all But for this, Windows users will require dedicated driver. QUADMEUP | DRONES, RC AIRPLANES, FPV, ELECTRONICS, AND LILYGO T5 4.7-inch E-paper ESP32 development board. One of the biggest advantages of ESP32 development boards (without even counting the speed, flash size, WiFi, Bluetooth, and two cores) is that they come in a variety of shapes and sizes: bare boards, with OLED, with color LCD, with LoRa chipset, with GPS modem, etc., etc. HC-12 433MHZ WIRELESS SERIAL COMMUNICATION MODULE Description HC-12 are cheap 433MHz wireless serial port communication modules with a range up to 1800m in open space. They are SI4463 based. Each costs about $5 when bought from China, and 2 of them can create wireless UART link that can be used, for example, to transfer telemetry data from UAV. Or drive IoT device. Or connect sensors. Or whatever else one can think of. GENERATE PPM SIGNAL WITH ARDUINO In the beginning of this year I've written a short tutorial how to read PWM signals from RC radio with Arduino. While it is can be useful when building own RC equipment, it does not help much when one has to deal with PPM (CPPM) signal. Let's be honest, PPM is much more useful than PWM: all RC channels are sent over single wire. On one side, it simplifies electrical design. ESP32, ARDUINO AND 3 HARDWARE SERIAL PORTS When working with ESP32 WiFi/Bluetooth MCU under Arduino SDK for ESP32, you will notice that Serial work just fine. But Serial1 and Serial2 do not. ESP32 has 3 hardware serial ports that can be mapped to almost any pin. But, Serial1 and Serial2 will not work. In case of ESP32 this just has to be done in a slightly different way: The trick is to use HardwareSerial library to access UART 1 and 2FRSKY R-XSR PINOUT
FrSky R-XSR pinout. Jan 14, 2020. GND - ground wire. +3,5-10V - positive voltage supply. R-XSR is rated up to 10V and powering it from 5V is the best option. SmartPort - inverted S.Port pin (standard) - can be used directly with STM32F3 and F7 series. SBUS - SBUS protocol output. SBUS Input - for redundancy function only. WHAT IS BETAFLIGHT AIR MODE? Better late than never, so here is mine explanation what is AirMode implemented in Cleanflights fork Betaflight and hopefully soon available also in Cleanflight. Before we will go to any details, please read this to understand how PID controller works. If you know, you might skip it. In normal flight mode, No Air Mode, flight controller is not using I term from PID controller when throttle CONNECTING ULTRASONIC RANGEFINDER (SONAR) TO CLEANFLIGHT Keeping constant altitude with a drone is not a trivial task. Specially, if drone is supposed to keep give altitude very precisely few meters above the ground. One of the reasons for it is difficulty of reading precise altitude. Barometer can drift when atmospheric pressure changes and can produce a lot of noise. GPS is very inaccurate when dealing with altitude. One of the options is to use PPM SIGNAL SUPPORT FOR FS-I6 RADIO FlySky FS-i6 (or branded Turnigy TGY-i6) is a very decent 6 channel entry level RC radio system. But support for PPM (CPPM) standard is somehow not clear. I have no idea why manufacturer keeps PPM support data so well hidden. Anyway, here it is: how can I enable PPM on i6 radio system? PPM signal is supported only on FS-iA6B (v2) receiver, FlySky FS-A8S Mini receiver and a couple of ATTINY85 LIGHT SENSOR I love AVR ATtinyx5 series microcontrollers. They are cheap, easy to use, they can be programmed just like Arduinos and comparing to their size they offer great features. For example, they can be used as a remote analog to digital converters connected to a master device using an I2C bus. Background: A few years ago I've built a weather station based on Raspberry Pi. STM32 VIRTUALCOMPORT DRIVER FOR WINDOWS STM32 VirtualComPort driver for Windows. Dec 3, 2016. Virtual Com Port, VCP to method of choice for almost all recent flight controllers to connect to PCs. No more onboard USB-to-UART converters like CP2102. SMT32 can work as USB device too after all But for this, Windows users will require dedicated driver. ESP32 AND MULTIPLE I2C BUSES One of the advantages of the ESP32 microcontrollers over the competitions is dual-core architecture and two I2C buses. Yes, the I2C bus allows connecting multiple slave devices to single pair of SCL SDA wires. As long as slave device addresses are unique, everything will work just fine: OLED display, LM75 temperature sensor, MPU6050gyroscope.
LILYGO T5 4.7-INCH E-PAPER ESP32 DEVELOPMENT BOARD The LilyGo T5 4.7-inch E-paper ESP32 is an example of such a device. For slightly more than $27 (plus shipping) you will get: ESP32 dual core MCU. 4.7-inch integrated e-paper display - 540x960 pixels, 16 gray levels. Allows usage of a touch screen. 16MB flash. ATTINY85 LIGHT SENSOR I love AVR ATtinyx5 series microcontrollers. They are cheap, easy to use, they can be programmed just like Arduinos and comparing to their size they offer great features. For example, they can be used as a remote analog to digital converters connected to a master device using an I2C bus. Background: A few years ago I've built a weather station based on Raspberry Pi. STM32 VIRTUALCOMPORT DRIVER FOR WINDOWS STM32 VirtualComPort driver for Windows. Dec 3, 2016. Virtual Com Port, VCP to method of choice for almost all recent flight controllers to connect to PCs. No more onboard USB-to-UART converters like CP2102. SMT32 can work as USB device too after all But for this, Windows users will require dedicated driver. HOW TO CHOOSE MOTORS FOR DRONES One of the mistakes pilots makes when they build their first drone is they use too small motors. People think that if a motor works fine with 5-inch props, it will work with 7-inch props as well. After all, both have plenty of power and power is the key to everything. It's not true. Power is only half on the story. Power is an effect of motor torque and rotation speed. The bigger torque and MPU6000 VS MPU6050 VS MPU6500 MPU6000 and MPU6050 Deep down, MPU6000 and MPU6050 are the same same hardware. They both have the same 3 axis gyroscope and the same 3 axis accelerometer. Both allows max 8kHz gyro sampling rate. From a flight controllers point of view, the only difference between them is bus that connects them to CPU. MPU6000 allows for both I2C and SPI, while MPU6050 has only I2C. GENERATE S.BUS WITH ARDUINO IN A SIMPLE WAY F1 and F4 do not have build in inverters at all, so any UART can be used directly and in case of F3 and F7, INAV/Betaflight can disable inversion in software. I hope code above is simple enough. setup method initializes serial port in correct mode Serial.begin (100000, SERIAL_8E2); and loop encodes and send S.Bus frame every 15ms. ESP8266 ESP-01 LOW POWER MODE Amazing ESP8266 ESP-01 WiFi boards have pretty irritating problem: theirs power consumption is pretty high. Minimal power consumption of about 70mA when doing nothing and above 100mA when when transferring data makes it rather impossible to use it on battery power for a longer period of time. Set of 2 AA batteries would be drained in less than a day. Not good. There is a way to HOW TO FLASH FIRMWARE TO ESP-01 ESP8266 WIFI MODULE One can think that internet know everything about everything. Yesterday I've learned the hard way that is does not. It took me better part of evening to find a working way to flash firmware, any firmware, to cheap ESP-01 ESP8266 WiFi modules. There are many tutorials, most of them were just wrong in my case. If I had Windows PC, that might have been simpler. FRSKY ACCST 2.0.0 “IMPORTANT” FIRMWARE UPDATE FOR ALL FrSky does not sleep, or rather woke up, and after years of not touching the topic, released an "important" update of ACCST 2.4GHz protocol for all the compatible 2.4GHz receivers, transmitter modules, and radios: X9D Taranis, Q X7 Taranis, X10/X10S Horus, X8R, X4R, X4R-SB, XM, R-XSR, XJT and so on. What changed in ACCST 2.0.0? According to FrSky, they fixed some kind of a bug with QUADMEUP | DRONES, RC AIRPLANES, FPV, ELECTRONICS, AND LILYGO T5 4.7-inch E-paper ESP32 development board. One of the biggest advantages of ESP32 development boards (without even counting the speed, flash size, WiFi, Bluetooth, and two cores) is that they come in a variety of shapes and sizes: bare boards, with OLED, with color LCD, with LoRa chipset, with GPS modem, etc., etc. HC-12 433MHZ WIRELESS SERIAL COMMUNICATION MODULE Description HC-12 are cheap 433MHz wireless serial port communication modules with a range up to 1800m in open space. They are SI4463 based. Each costs about $5 when bought from China, and 2 of them can create wireless UART link that can be used, for example, to transfer telemetry data from UAV. Or drive IoT device. Or connect sensors. Or whatever else one can think of. GENERATE PPM SIGNAL WITH ARDUINO In the beginning of this year I've written a short tutorial how to read PWM signals from RC radio with Arduino. While it is can be useful when building own RC equipment, it does not help much when one has to deal with PPM (CPPM) signal. Let's be honest, PPM is much more useful than PWM: all RC channels are sent over single wire. On one side, it simplifies electrical design. ESP32, ARDUINO AND 3 HARDWARE SERIAL PORTS When working with ESP32 WiFi/Bluetooth MCU under Arduino SDK for ESP32, you will notice that Serial work just fine. But Serial1 and Serial2 do not. ESP32 has 3 hardware serial ports that can be mapped to almost any pin. But, Serial1 and Serial2 will not work. In case of ESP32 this just has to be done in a slightly different way: The trick is to use HardwareSerial library to access UART 1 and 2FRSKY R-XSR PINOUT
FrSky R-XSR pinout. Jan 14, 2020. GND - ground wire. +3,5-10V - positive voltage supply. R-XSR is rated up to 10V and powering it from 5V is the best option. SmartPort - inverted S.Port pin (standard) - can be used directly with STM32F3 and F7 series. SBUS - SBUS protocol output. SBUS Input - for redundancy function only. WHAT IS BETAFLIGHT AIR MODE? Better late than never, so here is mine explanation what is AirMode implemented in Cleanflights fork Betaflight and hopefully soon available also in Cleanflight. Before we will go to any details, please read this to understand how PID controller works. If you know, you might skip it. In normal flight mode, No Air Mode, flight controller is not using I term from PID controller when throttle USBASP DRIVER FOR WINDOWS 10 USBasp driver for Windows 10 – Working solution. June 28, 2017. July 17, 2020. Yesterday I’ve spent like 2 hours fighting to make USBasp ISP programmer work under Windows 10 64bit. Seriously, that was like some kind of nightmare that turned into a comedy. All web pages that I’ve found suggested following procedure: CONNECTING ULTRASONIC RANGEFINDER (SONAR) TO CLEANFLIGHT Keeping constant altitude with a drone is not a trivial task. Specially, if drone is supposed to keep give altitude very precisely few meters above the ground. One of the reasons for it is difficulty of reading precise altitude. Barometer can drift when atmospheric pressure changes and can produce a lot of noise. GPS is very inaccurate when dealing with altitude. One of the options is to use PPM SIGNAL SUPPORT FOR FS-I6 RADIO FlySky FS-i6 (or branded Turnigy TGY-i6) is a very decent 6 channel entry level RC radio system. But support for PPM (CPPM) standard is somehow not clear. I have no idea why manufacturer keeps PPM support data so well hidden. Anyway, here it is: how can I enable PPM on i6 radio system? PPM signal is supported only on FS-iA6B (v2) receiver, FlySky FS-A8S Mini receiver and a couple of ATTINY85 LIGHT SENSOR I love AVR ATtinyx5 series microcontrollers. They are cheap, easy to use, they can be programmed just like Arduinos and comparing to their size they offer great features. For example, they can be used as a remote analog to digital converters connected to a master device using an I2C bus. Background: A few years ago I've built a weather station based on Raspberry Pi. QUADMEUP | DRONES, RC AIRPLANES, FPV, ELECTRONICS, AND LILYGO T5 4.7-inch E-paper ESP32 development board. One of the biggest advantages of ESP32 development boards (without even counting the speed, flash size, WiFi, Bluetooth, and two cores) is that they come in a variety of shapes and sizes: bare boards, with OLED, with color LCD, with LoRa chipset, with GPS modem, etc., etc. HC-12 433MHZ WIRELESS SERIAL COMMUNICATION MODULE Description HC-12 are cheap 433MHz wireless serial port communication modules with a range up to 1800m in open space. They are SI4463 based. Each costs about $5 when bought from China, and 2 of them can create wireless UART link that can be used, for example, to transfer telemetry data from UAV. Or drive IoT device. Or connect sensors. Or whatever else one can think of. GENERATE PPM SIGNAL WITH ARDUINO In the beginning of this year I've written a short tutorial how to read PWM signals from RC radio with Arduino. While it is can be useful when building own RC equipment, it does not help much when one has to deal with PPM (CPPM) signal. Let's be honest, PPM is much more useful than PWM: all RC channels are sent over single wire. On one side, it simplifies electrical design. ESP32, ARDUINO AND 3 HARDWARE SERIAL PORTS When working with ESP32 WiFi/Bluetooth MCU under Arduino SDK for ESP32, you will notice that Serial work just fine. But Serial1 and Serial2 do not. ESP32 has 3 hardware serial ports that can be mapped to almost any pin. But, Serial1 and Serial2 will not work. In case of ESP32 this just has to be done in a slightly different way: The trick is to use HardwareSerial library to access UART 1 and 2FRSKY R-XSR PINOUT
FrSky R-XSR pinout. Jan 14, 2020. GND - ground wire. +3,5-10V - positive voltage supply. R-XSR is rated up to 10V and powering it from 5V is the best option. SmartPort - inverted S.Port pin (standard) - can be used directly with STM32F3 and F7 series. SBUS - SBUS protocol output. SBUS Input - for redundancy function only. WHAT IS BETAFLIGHT AIR MODE? Better late than never, so here is mine explanation what is AirMode implemented in Cleanflights fork Betaflight and hopefully soon available also in Cleanflight. Before we will go to any details, please read this to understand how PID controller works. If you know, you might skip it. In normal flight mode, No Air Mode, flight controller is not using I term from PID controller when throttle USBASP DRIVER FOR WINDOWS 10 USBasp driver for Windows 10 – Working solution. June 28, 2017. July 17, 2020. Yesterday I’ve spent like 2 hours fighting to make USBasp ISP programmer work under Windows 10 64bit. Seriously, that was like some kind of nightmare that turned into a comedy. All web pages that I’ve found suggested following procedure: CONNECTING ULTRASONIC RANGEFINDER (SONAR) TO CLEANFLIGHT Keeping constant altitude with a drone is not a trivial task. Specially, if drone is supposed to keep give altitude very precisely few meters above the ground. One of the reasons for it is difficulty of reading precise altitude. Barometer can drift when atmospheric pressure changes and can produce a lot of noise. GPS is very inaccurate when dealing with altitude. One of the options is to use PPM SIGNAL SUPPORT FOR FS-I6 RADIO FlySky FS-i6 (or branded Turnigy TGY-i6) is a very decent 6 channel entry level RC radio system. But support for PPM (CPPM) standard is somehow not clear. I have no idea why manufacturer keeps PPM support data so well hidden. Anyway, here it is: how can I enable PPM on i6 radio system? PPM signal is supported only on FS-iA6B (v2) receiver, FlySky FS-A8S Mini receiver and a couple of ATTINY85 LIGHT SENSOR I love AVR ATtinyx5 series microcontrollers. They are cheap, easy to use, they can be programmed just like Arduinos and comparing to their size they offer great features. For example, they can be used as a remote analog to digital converters connected to a master device using an I2C bus. Background: A few years ago I've built a weather station based on Raspberry Pi. LILYGO T5 4.7-INCH E-PAPER ESP32 DEVELOPMENT BOARD The LilyGo T5 4.7-inch E-paper ESP32 is an example of such a device. For slightly more than $27 (plus shipping) you will get: ESP32 dual core MCU. 4.7-inch integrated e-paper display - 540x960 pixels, 16 gray levels. Allows usage of a touch screen. 16MB flash. FS1000A AND XY-MK-5V 433MHZ RF MODULES: OVERVIEW FS1000A and XY-MK-5V 433MHz RF modules: overview. May 24, 2017. One of the cheapest (but not the best) solutions for DIY wireless data transmission between different devices (Arduino and other microcontrollers) is a pair of 433MHz modules: FS1000A and XY-MK-5V. A set of them (you will need one transmitter and one receiver) costsabout $1.
ATTINY85 LIGHT SENSOR I love AVR ATtinyx5 series microcontrollers. They are cheap, easy to use, they can be programmed just like Arduinos and comparing to their size they offer great features. For example, they can be used as a remote analog to digital converters connected to a master device using an I2C bus. Background: A few years ago I've built a weather station based on Raspberry Pi. STM32 VIRTUALCOMPORT DRIVER FOR WINDOWS STM32 VirtualComPort driver for Windows. Dec 3, 2016. Virtual Com Port, VCP to method of choice for almost all recent flight controllers to connect to PCs. No more onboard USB-to-UART converters like CP2102. SMT32 can work as USB device too after all But for this, Windows users will require dedicated driver. HOW TO CHOOSE MOTORS FOR DRONES One of the mistakes pilots makes when they build their first drone is they use too small motors. People think that if a motor works fine with 5-inch props, it will work with 7-inch props as well. After all, both have plenty of power and power is the key to everything. It's not true. Power is only half on the story. Power is an effect of motor torque and rotation speed. MPU6000 VS MPU6050 VS MPU6500 MPU6000 and MPU6050 Deep down, MPU6000 and MPU6050 are the same same hardware. They both have the same 3 axis gyroscope and the same 3 axis accelerometer. Both allows max 8kHz gyro sampling rate. From a flight controllers point of view, the only difference between them is bus that connects them to CPU. MPU6000 allows for both I2C and SPI, while MPU6050 has only I2C. GENERATE S.BUS WITH ARDUINO IN A SIMPLE WAY F1 and F4 do not have build in inverters at all, so any UART can be used directly and in case of F3 and F7, INAV/Betaflight can disable inversion in software. I hope code above is simple enough. setup method initializes serial port in correct mode Serial.begin (100000, SERIAL_8E2); and loop encodes and send S.Bus frame every 15ms. ESP8266 ESP-01 LOW POWER MODE Amazing ESP8266 ESP-01 WiFi boards have pretty irritating problem: theirs power consumption is pretty high. Minimal power consumption of about 70mA when doing nothing and above 100mA when when transferring data makes it rather impossible to use it on battery power for a longer period of time. Set of 2 AA batteries would be drained in less than a day. Not good. There is a way to HOW TO FLASH FIRMWARE TO ESP-01 ESP8266 WIFI MODULE One can think that internet know everything about everything. Yesterday I've learned the hard way that is does not. It took me better part of evening to find a working way to flash firmware, any firmware, to cheap ESP-01 ESP8266 WiFi modules. There are many tutorials, most of them were just wrong in my case. If I had Windows PC, that might have been simpler. FRSKY ACCST 2.0.0 “IMPORTANT” FIRMWARE UPDATE FOR ALL FrSky does not sleep, or rather woke up, and after years of not touching the topic, released an "important" update of ACCST 2.4GHz protocol for all the compatible 2.4GHz receivers, transmitter modules, and radios: X9D Taranis, Q X7 Taranis, X10/X10S Horus, X8R, X4R, X4R-SB, XM, R-XSR, XJT and so on. What changed in ACCST 2.0.0? According to FrSky, they fixed some kind of a bug with HOW TO SETUP INAV ON A ROVER INAV 2.5 finally allowed to use INAV and INAV compatible flight controllers to be used on rovers and boats. Finally, INAV supports not only flying vehicles. Bear in mind, that the rover and boat support is not full, and some functionalities might not be working like expected. What works: Reversible ESC and motors Steering Waypoints Return to home on a straight line without any obstacleFRSKY R-XSR PINOUT
FrSky R-XSR pinout. Jan 14, 2020. GND - ground wire. +3,5-10V - positive voltage supply. R-XSR is rated up to 10V and powering it from 5V is the best option. SmartPort - inverted S.Port pin (standard) - can be used directly with STM32F3 and F7 series. SBUS - SBUS protocol output. SBUS Input - for redundancy function only. ALL THE INAV SENSORS: ARE THEY REQUIRED OR OPTIONAL INAV can use various sensors to fly drones and airplanes: gyroscopes, accelerometer, magnetometers, barometers, GPS, OpFlow, rangefinders, and airspeed. Some of them required some are recommended and some are a purely optional piece of hardware. Here is the full list: INAV Sensors: Gyroscope and accelerometer Required. The flight controller will not boot without a gyroscope and ESP32, ARDUINO AND 3 HARDWARE SERIAL PORTS When working with ESP32 WiFi/Bluetooth MCU under Arduino SDK for ESP32, you will notice that Serial work just fine. But Serial1 and Serial2 do not. ESP32 has 3 hardware serial ports that can be mapped to almost any pin. But, Serial1 and Serial2 will not work. In case of ESP32 this just has to be done in a slightly different way: The trick is to use HardwareSerial library to access UART 1 and 2 GENERATE S.BUS WITH ARDUINO IN A SIMPLE WAY F1 and F4 do not have build in inverters at all, so any UART can be used directly and in case of F3 and F7, INAV/Betaflight can disable inversion in software. I hope code above is simple enough. setup method initializes serial port in correct mode Serial.begin (100000, SERIAL_8E2); and loop encodes and send S.Bus frame every 15ms. A BRIEF HISTORY OF A FLIGHT CONTROLLER A brief history of a flight controller – From MultiWii to Betaflight and beyond. I will tell you the history of probably the most successful family of Open Source flight controllers: MultiWii that continues its life today as Betaflight, EmuFlight, and INAV. Other families like OpenPilot were not that successful and practically died. USBASP DRIVER FOR WINDOWS 10 USBasp driver for Windows 10 – Working solution. June 28, 2017. July 17, 2020. Yesterday I’ve spent like 2 hours fighting to make USBasp ISP programmer work under Windows 10 64bit. Seriously, that was like some kind of nightmare that turned into a comedy. All web pages that I’ve found suggested following procedure: CONNECTING ULTRASONIC RANGEFINDER (SONAR) TO CLEANFLIGHT Keeping constant altitude with a drone is not a trivial task. Specially, if drone is supposed to keep give altitude very precisely few meters above the ground. One of the reasons for it is difficulty of reading precise altitude. Barometer can drift when atmospheric pressure changes and can produce a lot of noise. GPS is very inaccurate when dealing with altitude. One of the options is to use FRSKY ACCST 2.0.0 “IMPORTANT” FIRMWARE UPDATE FOR ALL FrSky does not sleep, or rather woke up, and after years of not touching the topic, released an "important" update of ACCST 2.4GHz protocol for all the compatible 2.4GHz receivers, transmitter modules, and radios: X9D Taranis, Q X7 Taranis, X10/X10S Horus, X8R, X4R, X4R-SB, XM, R-XSR, XJT and so on. What changed in ACCST 2.0.0? According to FrSky, they fixed some kind of a bug with QUICK REVIEW: EMAX GT2218/08 1100KV MOTORS Quick Review: EMAX GT2218/08 1100KV motors. Nov 3, 2015. Since I was lacking some power in my Reptile 500 quadcopter, I was considering switching my Turnigy MT2213 935KV motors to something more powerful. Last previous weekend kind of forced me to make that switch: I destroyed one motor while trying to replace bearings. HOW TO SETUP INAV ON A ROVER INAV 2.5 finally allowed to use INAV and INAV compatible flight controllers to be used on rovers and boats. Finally, INAV supports not only flying vehicles. Bear in mind, that the rover and boat support is not full, and some functionalities might not be working like expected. What works: Reversible ESC and motors Steering Waypoints Return to home on a straight line without any obstacleFRSKY R-XSR PINOUT
FrSky R-XSR pinout. Jan 14, 2020. GND - ground wire. +3,5-10V - positive voltage supply. R-XSR is rated up to 10V and powering it from 5V is the best option. SmartPort - inverted S.Port pin (standard) - can be used directly with STM32F3 and F7 series. SBUS - SBUS protocol output. SBUS Input - for redundancy function only. ALL THE INAV SENSORS: ARE THEY REQUIRED OR OPTIONAL INAV can use various sensors to fly drones and airplanes: gyroscopes, accelerometer, magnetometers, barometers, GPS, OpFlow, rangefinders, and airspeed. Some of them required some are recommended and some are a purely optional piece of hardware. Here is the full list: INAV Sensors: Gyroscope and accelerometer Required. The flight controller will not boot without a gyroscope and ESP32, ARDUINO AND 3 HARDWARE SERIAL PORTS When working with ESP32 WiFi/Bluetooth MCU under Arduino SDK for ESP32, you will notice that Serial work just fine. But Serial1 and Serial2 do not. ESP32 has 3 hardware serial ports that can be mapped to almost any pin. But, Serial1 and Serial2 will not work. In case of ESP32 this just has to be done in a slightly different way: The trick is to use HardwareSerial library to access UART 1 and 2 GENERATE S.BUS WITH ARDUINO IN A SIMPLE WAY F1 and F4 do not have build in inverters at all, so any UART can be used directly and in case of F3 and F7, INAV/Betaflight can disable inversion in software. I hope code above is simple enough. setup method initializes serial port in correct mode Serial.begin (100000, SERIAL_8E2); and loop encodes and send S.Bus frame every 15ms. A BRIEF HISTORY OF A FLIGHT CONTROLLER A brief history of a flight controller – From MultiWii to Betaflight and beyond. I will tell you the history of probably the most successful family of Open Source flight controllers: MultiWii that continues its life today as Betaflight, EmuFlight, and INAV. Other families like OpenPilot were not that successful and practically died. USBASP DRIVER FOR WINDOWS 10 USBasp driver for Windows 10 – Working solution. June 28, 2017. July 17, 2020. Yesterday I’ve spent like 2 hours fighting to make USBasp ISP programmer work under Windows 10 64bit. Seriously, that was like some kind of nightmare that turned into a comedy. All web pages that I’ve found suggested following procedure: CONNECTING ULTRASONIC RANGEFINDER (SONAR) TO CLEANFLIGHT Keeping constant altitude with a drone is not a trivial task. Specially, if drone is supposed to keep give altitude very precisely few meters above the ground. One of the reasons for it is difficulty of reading precise altitude. Barometer can drift when atmospheric pressure changes and can produce a lot of noise. GPS is very inaccurate when dealing with altitude. One of the options is to use FRSKY ACCST 2.0.0 “IMPORTANT” FIRMWARE UPDATE FOR ALL FrSky does not sleep, or rather woke up, and after years of not touching the topic, released an "important" update of ACCST 2.4GHz protocol for all the compatible 2.4GHz receivers, transmitter modules, and radios: X9D Taranis, Q X7 Taranis, X10/X10S Horus, X8R, X4R, X4R-SB, XM, R-XSR, XJT and so on. What changed in ACCST 2.0.0? According to FrSky, they fixed some kind of a bug with QUICK REVIEW: EMAX GT2218/08 1100KV MOTORS Quick Review: EMAX GT2218/08 1100KV motors. Nov 3, 2015. Since I was lacking some power in my Reptile 500 quadcopter, I was considering switching my Turnigy MT2213 935KV motors to something more powerful. Last previous weekend kind of forced me to make that switch: I destroyed one motor while trying to replace bearings. HOW TO GENERATE PPM SIGNAL WITH ESP32 AND ARDUINO The PPM protocol for encoding Remote Control channel values is now a legacy. Still, it is widely accepted by different hardware and when tinkering with Arduino, remote control, and working on own accessories for flight controllers, PPM is still a valid option. A few years ago I presented a code that allows generating PPM stream using Arduino andAVR hardware.
GENERATE S.BUS WITH ARDUINO IN A SIMPLE WAY F1 and F4 do not have build in inverters at all, so any UART can be used directly and in case of F3 and F7, INAV/Betaflight can disable inversion in software. I hope code above is simple enough. setup method initializes serial port in correct mode Serial.begin (100000, SERIAL_8E2); and loop encodes and send S.Bus frame every 15ms. WHAT IS BETAFLIGHT AIR MODE? Better late than never, so here is mine explanation what is AirMode implemented in Cleanflights fork Betaflight and hopefully soon available also in Cleanflight. Before we will go to any details, please read this to understand how PID controller works. If you know, you might skip it. In normal flight mode, No Air Mode, flight controller is not using I term from PID controller when throttle FS1000A AND XY-MK-5V 433MHZ RF MODULES: OVERVIEW FS1000A and XY-MK-5V 433MHz RF modules: overview. May 24, 2017. One of the cheapest (but not the best) solutions for DIY wireless data transmission between different devices (Arduino and other microcontrollers) is a pair of 433MHz modules: FS1000A and XY-MK-5V. A set of them (you will need one transmitter and one receiver) costsabout $1.
INAV: HOW TO SETUP ASYNCHRONOUS GYRO Together with version 1.4, INAV introduced asynchronous gyroscope processing. What is async gyro and why it is useful to have it, you can read here. In short worlds: data from gyroscope is read and filtered faster than PID controller updates motor and servo output. When it is worth to enable asynchronous processing In general, async gyro can be enabled when: Flight controller does not ave FRSKY ACCST 2.0.0 “IMPORTANT” FIRMWARE UPDATE FOR ALL FrSky does not sleep, or rather woke up, and after years of not touching the topic, released an "important" update of ACCST 2.4GHz protocol for all the compatible 2.4GHz receivers, transmitter modules, and radios: X9D Taranis, Q X7 Taranis, X10/X10S Horus, X8R, X4R, X4R-SB, XM, R-XSR, XJT and so on. What changed in ACCST 2.0.0? According to FrSky, they fixed some kind of a bug with MPU6000 VS MPU6050 VS MPU6500 MPU6000 and MPU6050 Deep down, MPU6000 and MPU6050 are the same same hardware. They both have the same 3 axis gyroscope and the same 3 axis accelerometer. Both allows max 8kHz gyro sampling rate. From a flight controllers point of view, the only difference between them is bus that connects them to CPU. MPU6000 allows for both I2C and SPI, while MPU6050 has only I2C. THE BEST WAY TO MOUNT LIPO ON A DRONE: 3M DUAL LOCK General idea is similar to velcro, but instead hooks and naps, it is made from interlocking plastic "nail heads" on both sides. This creates much stronger and more secure connection than velcro. 3M Sj3550 Dual Lock has only one problem: price. It is rather expensive.3
QUICK REVIEW: EMAX GT2218/08 1100KV MOTORS Quick Review: EMAX GT2218/08 1100KV motors. Nov 3, 2015. Since I was lacking some power in my Reptile 500 quadcopter, I was considering switching my Turnigy MT2213 935KV motors to something more powerful. Last previous weekend kind of forced me to make that switch: I destroyed one motor while trying to replace bearings. STM32 VIRTUALCOMPORT DRIVER FOR WINDOWS STM32 VirtualComPort driver for Windows. Dec 3, 2016. Virtual Com Port, VCP to method of choice for almost all recent flight controllers to connect to PCs. No more onboard USB-to-UART converters like CP2102. SMT32 can work as USB device too after all But for this, Windows users will require dedicated driver. HOW TO SETUP INAV ON A ROVER INAV 2.5 finally allowed to use INAV and INAV compatible flight controllers to be used on rovers and boats. Finally, INAV supports not only flying vehicles. Bear in mind, that the rover and boat support is not full, and some functionalities might not be working like expected. What works: Reversible ESC and motors Steering Waypoints Return to home on a straight line without any obstacleFRSKY R-XSR PINOUT
FrSky R-XSR pinout. Jan 14, 2020. GND - ground wire. +3,5-10V - positive voltage supply. R-XSR is rated up to 10V and powering it from 5V is the best option. SmartPort - inverted S.Port pin (standard) - can be used directly with STM32F3 and F7 series. SBUS - SBUS protocol output. SBUS Input - for redundancy function only. ALL THE INAV SENSORS: ARE THEY REQUIRED OR OPTIONAL INAV can use various sensors to fly drones and airplanes: gyroscopes, accelerometer, magnetometers, barometers, GPS, OpFlow, rangefinders, and airspeed. Some of them required some are recommended and some are a purely optional piece of hardware. Here is the full list: INAV Sensors: Gyroscope and accelerometer Required. The flight controller will not boot without a gyroscope and ESP32, ARDUINO AND 3 HARDWARE SERIAL PORTS When working with ESP32 WiFi/Bluetooth MCU under Arduino SDK for ESP32, you will notice that Serial work just fine. But Serial1 and Serial2 do not. ESP32 has 3 hardware serial ports that can be mapped to almost any pin. But, Serial1 and Serial2 will not work. In case of ESP32 this just has to be done in a slightly different way: The trick is to use HardwareSerial library to access UART 1 and 2 GENERATE S.BUS WITH ARDUINO IN A SIMPLE WAY F1 and F4 do not have build in inverters at all, so any UART can be used directly and in case of F3 and F7, INAV/Betaflight can disable inversion in software. I hope code above is simple enough. setup method initializes serial port in correct mode Serial.begin (100000, SERIAL_8E2); and loop encodes and send S.Bus frame every 15ms. A BRIEF HISTORY OF A FLIGHT CONTROLLER A brief history of a flight controller – From MultiWii to Betaflight and beyond. I will tell you the history of probably the most successful family of Open Source flight controllers: MultiWii that continues its life today as Betaflight, EmuFlight, and INAV. Other families like OpenPilot were not that successful and practically died. USBASP DRIVER FOR WINDOWS 10 USBasp driver for Windows 10 – Working solution. June 28, 2017. July 17, 2020. Yesterday I’ve spent like 2 hours fighting to make USBasp ISP programmer work under Windows 10 64bit. Seriously, that was like some kind of nightmare that turned into a comedy. All web pages that I’ve found suggested following procedure: CONNECTING ULTRASONIC RANGEFINDER (SONAR) TO CLEANFLIGHT Keeping constant altitude with a drone is not a trivial task. Specially, if drone is supposed to keep give altitude very precisely few meters above the ground. One of the reasons for it is difficulty of reading precise altitude. Barometer can drift when atmospheric pressure changes and can produce a lot of noise. GPS is very inaccurate when dealing with altitude. One of the options is to use FRSKY ACCST 2.0.0 “IMPORTANT” FIRMWARE UPDATE FOR ALL FrSky does not sleep, or rather woke up, and after years of not touching the topic, released an "important" update of ACCST 2.4GHz protocol for all the compatible 2.4GHz receivers, transmitter modules, and radios: X9D Taranis, Q X7 Taranis, X10/X10S Horus, X8R, X4R, X4R-SB, XM, R-XSR, XJT and so on. What changed in ACCST 2.0.0? According to FrSky, they fixed some kind of a bug with QUICK REVIEW: EMAX GT2218/08 1100KV MOTORS Quick Review: EMAX GT2218/08 1100KV motors. Nov 3, 2015. Since I was lacking some power in my Reptile 500 quadcopter, I was considering switching my Turnigy MT2213 935KV motors to something more powerful. Last previous weekend kind of forced me to make that switch: I destroyed one motor while trying to replace bearings. HOW TO SETUP INAV ON A ROVER INAV 2.5 finally allowed to use INAV and INAV compatible flight controllers to be used on rovers and boats. Finally, INAV supports not only flying vehicles. Bear in mind, that the rover and boat support is not full, and some functionalities might not be working like expected. What works: Reversible ESC and motors Steering Waypoints Return to home on a straight line without any obstacleFRSKY R-XSR PINOUT
FrSky R-XSR pinout. Jan 14, 2020. GND - ground wire. +3,5-10V - positive voltage supply. R-XSR is rated up to 10V and powering it from 5V is the best option. SmartPort - inverted S.Port pin (standard) - can be used directly with STM32F3 and F7 series. SBUS - SBUS protocol output. SBUS Input - for redundancy function only. ALL THE INAV SENSORS: ARE THEY REQUIRED OR OPTIONAL INAV can use various sensors to fly drones and airplanes: gyroscopes, accelerometer, magnetometers, barometers, GPS, OpFlow, rangefinders, and airspeed. Some of them required some are recommended and some are a purely optional piece of hardware. Here is the full list: INAV Sensors: Gyroscope and accelerometer Required. The flight controller will not boot without a gyroscope and ESP32, ARDUINO AND 3 HARDWARE SERIAL PORTS When working with ESP32 WiFi/Bluetooth MCU under Arduino SDK for ESP32, you will notice that Serial work just fine. But Serial1 and Serial2 do not. ESP32 has 3 hardware serial ports that can be mapped to almost any pin. But, Serial1 and Serial2 will not work. In case of ESP32 this just has to be done in a slightly different way: The trick is to use HardwareSerial library to access UART 1 and 2 GENERATE S.BUS WITH ARDUINO IN A SIMPLE WAY F1 and F4 do not have build in inverters at all, so any UART can be used directly and in case of F3 and F7, INAV/Betaflight can disable inversion in software. I hope code above is simple enough. setup method initializes serial port in correct mode Serial.begin (100000, SERIAL_8E2); and loop encodes and send S.Bus frame every 15ms. A BRIEF HISTORY OF A FLIGHT CONTROLLER A brief history of a flight controller – From MultiWii to Betaflight and beyond. I will tell you the history of probably the most successful family of Open Source flight controllers: MultiWii that continues its life today as Betaflight, EmuFlight, and INAV. Other families like OpenPilot were not that successful and practically died. USBASP DRIVER FOR WINDOWS 10 USBasp driver for Windows 10 – Working solution. June 28, 2017. July 17, 2020. Yesterday I’ve spent like 2 hours fighting to make USBasp ISP programmer work under Windows 10 64bit. Seriously, that was like some kind of nightmare that turned into a comedy. All web pages that I’ve found suggested following procedure: CONNECTING ULTRASONIC RANGEFINDER (SONAR) TO CLEANFLIGHT Keeping constant altitude with a drone is not a trivial task. Specially, if drone is supposed to keep give altitude very precisely few meters above the ground. One of the reasons for it is difficulty of reading precise altitude. Barometer can drift when atmospheric pressure changes and can produce a lot of noise. GPS is very inaccurate when dealing with altitude. One of the options is to use FRSKY ACCST 2.0.0 “IMPORTANT” FIRMWARE UPDATE FOR ALL FrSky does not sleep, or rather woke up, and after years of not touching the topic, released an "important" update of ACCST 2.4GHz protocol for all the compatible 2.4GHz receivers, transmitter modules, and radios: X9D Taranis, Q X7 Taranis, X10/X10S Horus, X8R, X4R, X4R-SB, XM, R-XSR, XJT and so on. What changed in ACCST 2.0.0? According to FrSky, they fixed some kind of a bug with QUICK REVIEW: EMAX GT2218/08 1100KV MOTORS Quick Review: EMAX GT2218/08 1100KV motors. Nov 3, 2015. Since I was lacking some power in my Reptile 500 quadcopter, I was considering switching my Turnigy MT2213 935KV motors to something more powerful. Last previous weekend kind of forced me to make that switch: I destroyed one motor while trying to replace bearings. HOW TO GENERATE PPM SIGNAL WITH ESP32 AND ARDUINO The PPM protocol for encoding Remote Control channel values is now a legacy. Still, it is widely accepted by different hardware and when tinkering with Arduino, remote control, and working on own accessories for flight controllers, PPM is still a valid option. A few years ago I presented a code that allows generating PPM stream using Arduino andAVR hardware.
GENERATE S.BUS WITH ARDUINO IN A SIMPLE WAY F1 and F4 do not have build in inverters at all, so any UART can be used directly and in case of F3 and F7, INAV/Betaflight can disable inversion in software. I hope code above is simple enough. setup method initializes serial port in correct mode Serial.begin (100000, SERIAL_8E2); and loop encodes and send S.Bus frame every 15ms. WHAT IS BETAFLIGHT AIR MODE? Better late than never, so here is mine explanation what is AirMode implemented in Cleanflights fork Betaflight and hopefully soon available also in Cleanflight. Before we will go to any details, please read this to understand how PID controller works. If you know, you might skip it. In normal flight mode, No Air Mode, flight controller is not using I term from PID controller when throttle FS1000A AND XY-MK-5V 433MHZ RF MODULES: OVERVIEW FS1000A and XY-MK-5V 433MHz RF modules: overview. May 24, 2017. One of the cheapest (but not the best) solutions for DIY wireless data transmission between different devices (Arduino and other microcontrollers) is a pair of 433MHz modules: FS1000A and XY-MK-5V. A set of them (you will need one transmitter and one receiver) costsabout $1.
INAV: HOW TO SETUP ASYNCHRONOUS GYRO Together with version 1.4, INAV introduced asynchronous gyroscope processing. What is async gyro and why it is useful to have it, you can read here. In short worlds: data from gyroscope is read and filtered faster than PID controller updates motor and servo output. When it is worth to enable asynchronous processing In general, async gyro can be enabled when: Flight controller does not ave FRSKY ACCST 2.0.0 “IMPORTANT” FIRMWARE UPDATE FOR ALL FrSky does not sleep, or rather woke up, and after years of not touching the topic, released an "important" update of ACCST 2.4GHz protocol for all the compatible 2.4GHz receivers, transmitter modules, and radios: X9D Taranis, Q X7 Taranis, X10/X10S Horus, X8R, X4R, X4R-SB, XM, R-XSR, XJT and so on. What changed in ACCST 2.0.0? According to FrSky, they fixed some kind of a bug with MPU6000 VS MPU6050 VS MPU6500 MPU6000 and MPU6050 Deep down, MPU6000 and MPU6050 are the same same hardware. They both have the same 3 axis gyroscope and the same 3 axis accelerometer. Both allows max 8kHz gyro sampling rate. From a flight controllers point of view, the only difference between them is bus that connects them to CPU. MPU6000 allows for both I2C and SPI, while MPU6050 has only I2C. THE BEST WAY TO MOUNT LIPO ON A DRONE: 3M DUAL LOCK General idea is similar to velcro, but instead hooks and naps, it is made from interlocking plastic "nail heads" on both sides. This creates much stronger and more secure connection than velcro. 3M Sj3550 Dual Lock has only one problem: price. It is rather expensive.3
QUICK REVIEW: EMAX GT2218/08 1100KV MOTORS Quick Review: EMAX GT2218/08 1100KV motors. Nov 3, 2015. Since I was lacking some power in my Reptile 500 quadcopter, I was considering switching my Turnigy MT2213 935KV motors to something more powerful. Last previous weekend kind of forced me to make that switch: I destroyed one motor while trying to replace bearings. STM32 VIRTUALCOMPORT DRIVER FOR WINDOWS STM32 VirtualComPort driver for Windows. Dec 3, 2016. Virtual Com Port, VCP to method of choice for almost all recent flight controllers to connect to PCs. No more onboard USB-to-UART converters like CP2102. SMT32 can work as USB device too after all But for this, Windows users will require dedicated driver. QUADMEUP | DRONES, RC AIRPLANES, FPV, ELECTRONICS, AND LILYGO T5 4.7-inch E-paper ESP32 development board. One of the biggest advantages of ESP32 development boards (without even counting the speed, flash size, WiFi, Bluetooth, and two cores) is that they come in a variety of shapes and sizes: bare boards, with OLED, with color LCD, with LoRa chipset, with GPS modem, etc., etc.FRSKY R-XSR PINOUT
FrSky R-XSR pinout. Jan 14, 2020. GND - ground wire. +3,5-10V - positive voltage supply. R-XSR is rated up to 10V and powering it from 5V is the best option. SmartPort - inverted S.Port pin (standard) - can be used directly with STM32F3 and F7 series. SBUS - SBUS protocol output. SBUS Input - for redundancy function only. HOW TO SETUP INAV ON A ROVER INAV 2.5 finally allowed to use INAV and INAV compatible flight controllers to be used on rovers and boats. Finally, INAV supports not only flying vehicles. Bear in mind, that the rover and boat support is not full, and some functionalities might not be working like expected. What works: Reversible ESC and motors Steering Waypoints Return to home on a straight line without any obstacleWHAT IS EMUFLIGHT?
Here is a short story of what is EmuFlight, how it differs from Betaflight and should you even care? To answer the question. Yes, you might want to take a look at it. It is different enough from Betaflight to consider it as a separate flight controller. And some people say it really fly great USBASP DRIVER FOR WINDOWS 10 USBasp driver for Windows 10 – Working solution. June 28, 2017. July 17, 2020. Yesterday I’ve spent like 2 hours fighting to make USBasp ISP programmer work under Windows 10 64bit. Seriously, that was like some kind of nightmare that turned into a comedy. All web pages that I’ve found suggested following procedure: A BRIEF HISTORY OF A FLIGHT CONTROLLER A brief history of a flight controller – From MultiWii to Betaflight and beyond. I will tell you the history of probably the most successful family of Open Source flight controllers: MultiWii that continues its life today as Betaflight, EmuFlight, and INAV. Other families like OpenPilot were not that successful and practically died. ALL THE INAV SENSORS: ARE THEY REQUIRED OR OPTIONALINAV CONFIGURATOR DOWNLOADINAV CONFIGURATOR FOR WINDOWS 10INAV COXINAV FIRMWAREINAV FLIGHT CONTROLLERINAV MISSION PLANNER INAV can use various sensors to fly drones and airplanes: gyroscopes, accelerometer, magnetometers, barometers, GPS, OpFlow, rangefinders, and airspeed. Some of them required some are recommended and some are a purely optional piece of hardware. Here is the full list: INAV Sensors: Gyroscope and accelerometer Required. The flight controller will not boot without a gyroscope and WHAT IS BETAFLIGHT AIR MODE? Better late than never, so here is mine explanation what is AirMode implemented in Cleanflights fork Betaflight and hopefully soon available also in Cleanflight. Before we will go to any details, please read this to understand how PID controller works. If you know, you might skip it. In normal flight mode, No Air Mode, flight controller is not using I term from PID controller when throttle FS1000A AND XY-MK-5V 433MHZ RF MODULES: OVERVIEW FS1000A and XY-MK-5V 433MHz RF modules: overview. May 24, 2017. One of the cheapest (but not the best) solutions for DIY wireless data transmission between different devices (Arduino and other microcontrollers) is a pair of 433MHz modules: FS1000A and XY-MK-5V. A set of them (you will need one transmitter and one receiver) costsabout $1.
HANDS ON: ANYFC F7 FROM BANGGOOD Before we proceed, short clarification. Legal background of AnyFC F7 flight controller from Banggood is iffy. It's not that BG ripped the design from Sami Korhonen (sambas). Sambas published design of his AnyFC under Creative Commons BY-SA. So, it's free to copy this design as long as Sambas is referenced as author, and license is not changed. The problem is that "by attribution" part is not QUADMEUP | DRONES, RC AIRPLANES, FPV, ELECTRONICS, AND LILYGO T5 4.7-inch E-paper ESP32 development board. One of the biggest advantages of ESP32 development boards (without even counting the speed, flash size, WiFi, Bluetooth, and two cores) is that they come in a variety of shapes and sizes: bare boards, with OLED, with color LCD, with LoRa chipset, with GPS modem, etc., etc.FRSKY R-XSR PINOUT
FrSky R-XSR pinout. Jan 14, 2020. GND - ground wire. +3,5-10V - positive voltage supply. R-XSR is rated up to 10V and powering it from 5V is the best option. SmartPort - inverted S.Port pin (standard) - can be used directly with STM32F3 and F7 series. SBUS - SBUS protocol output. SBUS Input - for redundancy function only. HOW TO SETUP INAV ON A ROVER INAV 2.5 finally allowed to use INAV and INAV compatible flight controllers to be used on rovers and boats. Finally, INAV supports not only flying vehicles. Bear in mind, that the rover and boat support is not full, and some functionalities might not be working like expected. What works: Reversible ESC and motors Steering Waypoints Return to home on a straight line without any obstacleWHAT IS EMUFLIGHT?
Here is a short story of what is EmuFlight, how it differs from Betaflight and should you even care? To answer the question. Yes, you might want to take a look at it. It is different enough from Betaflight to consider it as a separate flight controller. And some people say it really fly great USBASP DRIVER FOR WINDOWS 10 USBasp driver for Windows 10 – Working solution. June 28, 2017. July 17, 2020. Yesterday I’ve spent like 2 hours fighting to make USBasp ISP programmer work under Windows 10 64bit. Seriously, that was like some kind of nightmare that turned into a comedy. All web pages that I’ve found suggested following procedure: A BRIEF HISTORY OF A FLIGHT CONTROLLER A brief history of a flight controller – From MultiWii to Betaflight and beyond. I will tell you the history of probably the most successful family of Open Source flight controllers: MultiWii that continues its life today as Betaflight, EmuFlight, and INAV. Other families like OpenPilot were not that successful and practically died. ALL THE INAV SENSORS: ARE THEY REQUIRED OR OPTIONALINAV CONFIGURATOR DOWNLOADINAV CONFIGURATOR FOR WINDOWS 10INAV COXINAV FIRMWAREINAV FLIGHT CONTROLLERINAV MISSION PLANNER INAV can use various sensors to fly drones and airplanes: gyroscopes, accelerometer, magnetometers, barometers, GPS, OpFlow, rangefinders, and airspeed. Some of them required some are recommended and some are a purely optional piece of hardware. Here is the full list: INAV Sensors: Gyroscope and accelerometer Required. The flight controller will not boot without a gyroscope and WHAT IS BETAFLIGHT AIR MODE? Better late than never, so here is mine explanation what is AirMode implemented in Cleanflights fork Betaflight and hopefully soon available also in Cleanflight. Before we will go to any details, please read this to understand how PID controller works. If you know, you might skip it. In normal flight mode, No Air Mode, flight controller is not using I term from PID controller when throttle FS1000A AND XY-MK-5V 433MHZ RF MODULES: OVERVIEW FS1000A and XY-MK-5V 433MHz RF modules: overview. May 24, 2017. One of the cheapest (but not the best) solutions for DIY wireless data transmission between different devices (Arduino and other microcontrollers) is a pair of 433MHz modules: FS1000A and XY-MK-5V. A set of them (you will need one transmitter and one receiver) costsabout $1.
HANDS ON: ANYFC F7 FROM BANGGOOD Before we proceed, short clarification. Legal background of AnyFC F7 flight controller from Banggood is iffy. It's not that BG ripped the design from Sami Korhonen (sambas). Sambas published design of his AnyFC under Creative Commons BY-SA. So, it's free to copy this design as long as Sambas is referenced as author, and license is not changed. The problem is that "by attribution" part is not QUADMEUP | DRONES, RC AIRPLANES, FPV, ELECTRONICS, AND LILYGO T5 4.7-inch E-paper ESP32 development board. One of the biggest advantages of ESP32 development boards (without even counting the speed, flash size, WiFi, Bluetooth, and two cores) is that they come in a variety of shapes and sizes: bare boards, with OLED, with color LCD, with LoRa chipset, with GPS modem, etc., etc. WHAT IS BETAFLIGHT AIR MODE? Better late than never, so here is mine explanation what is AirMode implemented in Cleanflights fork Betaflight and hopefully soon available also in Cleanflight. Before we will go to any details, please read this to understand how PID controller works. If you know, you might skip it. In normal flight mode, No Air Mode, flight controller is not using I term from PID controller when throttle CONNECTING ULTRASONIC RANGEFINDER (SONAR) TO CLEANFLIGHT Keeping constant altitude with a drone is not a trivial task. Specially, if drone is supposed to keep give altitude very precisely few meters above the ground. One of the reasons for it is difficulty of reading precise altitude. Barometer can drift when atmospheric pressure changes and can produce a lot of noise. GPS is very inaccurate when dealing with altitude. FS1000A AND XY-MK-5V, ARDUINO AND VIRTUALWIRE While FS1000A and XY-MK-5V 433MHz radio modules might not be the best choice in terms of quality, or reliability or distance (although few hundred meters in open space are doable), they have one very important trait: they are extremely easy to use. No complicated wiring, no advanced programming. If you want to send some data, just connect data lines, supply voltage and write few INAV: HOW TO SETUP ASYNCHRONOUS GYRO Together with version 1.4, INAV introduced asynchronous gyroscope processing. What is async gyro and why it is useful to have it, you can read here. In short worlds: data from gyroscope is read and filtered faster than PID controller updates motor and servo output. When it is worth to enable asynchronous processing In general, async gyro can be enabled when: Flight controller does not ave HANDS ON: ANYFC F7 FROM BANGGOOD Before we proceed, short clarification. Legal background of AnyFC F7 flight controller from Banggood is iffy. It's not that BG ripped the design from Sami Korhonen (sambas). Sambas published design of his AnyFC under Creative Commons BY-SA. So, it's free to copy this design as long as Sambas is referenced as author, and license is not changed. X525 V3 QUADCOPTER FRAME REVIEW There are many cheap quadcopter frames on market. Big, small, X, H, foldable, good and bad. And choosing a correct frame for a purpose is both hard and critical for further drone performance. One of cheap, and on a first glance, versatile frames, is x525 V3. Is it worth the money? Well, it's a hard question. Before I will go to any conclussions, short description of x525 frame. STM32 VIRTUALCOMPORT DRIVER FOR WINDOWS STM32 VirtualComPort driver for Windows. Dec 3, 2016. Virtual Com Port, VCP to method of choice for almost all recent flight controllers to connect to PCs. No more onboard USB-to-UART converters like CP2102. SMT32 can work as USB device too after all But for this, Windows users will require dedicated driver.QUADMEUP.COM
quadmeup.com
FRSKY ACCST 2.0.0 “IMPORTANT” FIRMWARE UPDATE FOR ALL FrSky does not sleep, or rather woke up, and after years of not touching the topic, released an "important" update of ACCST 2.4GHz protocol for all the compatible 2.4GHz receivers, transmitter modules, and radios: X9D Taranis, Q X7 Taranis, X10/X10S Horus, X8R, X4R, X4R-SB, XM, R-XSR, XJT and so on. What changed in ACCST 2.0.0? According to FrSky, they fixed some kind of a bug with QUADMEUP | DRONES, RC AIRPLANES, FPV, ELECTRONICS, AND LILYGO T5 4.7-inch E-paper ESP32 development board. One of the biggest advantages of ESP32 development boards (without even counting the speed, flash size, WiFi, Bluetooth, and two cores) is that they come in a variety of shapes and sizes: bare boards, with OLED, with color LCD, with LoRa chipset, with GPS modem, etc., etc.FRSKY R-XSR PINOUT
FrSky R-XSR pinout. Jan 14, 2020. GND - ground wire. +3,5-10V - positive voltage supply. R-XSR is rated up to 10V and powering it from 5V is the best option. SmartPort - inverted S.Port pin (standard) - can be used directly with STM32F3 and F7 series. SBUS - SBUS protocol output. SBUS Input - for redundancy function only. HOW TO SETUP INAV ON A ROVER INAV 2.5 finally allowed to use INAV and INAV compatible flight controllers to be used on rovers and boats. Finally, INAV supports not only flying vehicles. Bear in mind, that the rover and boat support is not full, and some functionalities might not be working like expected. What works: Reversible ESC and motors Steering Waypoints Return to home on a straight line without any obstacleWHAT IS EMUFLIGHT?
Here is a short story of what is EmuFlight, how it differs from Betaflight and should you even care? To answer the question. Yes, you might want to take a look at it. It is different enough from Betaflight to consider it as a separate flight controller. And some people say it really fly great USBASP DRIVER FOR WINDOWS 10 USBasp driver for Windows 10 – Working solution. June 28, 2017. July 17, 2020. Yesterday I’ve spent like 2 hours fighting to make USBasp ISP programmer work under Windows 10 64bit. Seriously, that was like some kind of nightmare that turned into a comedy. All web pages that I’ve found suggested following procedure: A BRIEF HISTORY OF A FLIGHT CONTROLLER A brief history of a flight controller – From MultiWii to Betaflight and beyond. I will tell you the history of probably the most successful family of Open Source flight controllers: MultiWii that continues its life today as Betaflight, EmuFlight, and INAV. Other families like OpenPilot were not that successful and practically died. ALL THE INAV SENSORS: ARE THEY REQUIRED OR OPTIONALINAV CONFIGURATOR DOWNLOADINAV CONFIGURATOR FOR WINDOWS 10INAV COXINAV FIRMWAREINAV FLIGHT CONTROLLERINAV MISSION PLANNER INAV can use various sensors to fly drones and airplanes: gyroscopes, accelerometer, magnetometers, barometers, GPS, OpFlow, rangefinders, and airspeed. Some of them required some are recommended and some are a purely optional piece of hardware. Here is the full list: INAV Sensors: Gyroscope and accelerometer Required. The flight controller will not boot without a gyroscope and WHAT IS BETAFLIGHT AIR MODE? Better late than never, so here is mine explanation what is AirMode implemented in Cleanflights fork Betaflight and hopefully soon available also in Cleanflight. Before we will go to any details, please read this to understand how PID controller works. If you know, you might skip it. In normal flight mode, No Air Mode, flight controller is not using I term from PID controller when throttle FS1000A AND XY-MK-5V 433MHZ RF MODULES: OVERVIEW FS1000A and XY-MK-5V 433MHz RF modules: overview. May 24, 2017. One of the cheapest (but not the best) solutions for DIY wireless data transmission between different devices (Arduino and other microcontrollers) is a pair of 433MHz modules: FS1000A and XY-MK-5V. A set of them (you will need one transmitter and one receiver) costsabout $1.
HANDS ON: ANYFC F7 FROM BANGGOOD Before we proceed, short clarification. Legal background of AnyFC F7 flight controller from Banggood is iffy. It's not that BG ripped the design from Sami Korhonen (sambas). Sambas published design of his AnyFC under Creative Commons BY-SA. So, it's free to copy this design as long as Sambas is referenced as author, and license is not changed. The problem is that "by attribution" part is not QUADMEUP | DRONES, RC AIRPLANES, FPV, ELECTRONICS, AND LILYGO T5 4.7-inch E-paper ESP32 development board. One of the biggest advantages of ESP32 development boards (without even counting the speed, flash size, WiFi, Bluetooth, and two cores) is that they come in a variety of shapes and sizes: bare boards, with OLED, with color LCD, with LoRa chipset, with GPS modem, etc., etc.FRSKY R-XSR PINOUT
FrSky R-XSR pinout. Jan 14, 2020. GND - ground wire. +3,5-10V - positive voltage supply. R-XSR is rated up to 10V and powering it from 5V is the best option. SmartPort - inverted S.Port pin (standard) - can be used directly with STM32F3 and F7 series. SBUS - SBUS protocol output. SBUS Input - for redundancy function only. HOW TO SETUP INAV ON A ROVER INAV 2.5 finally allowed to use INAV and INAV compatible flight controllers to be used on rovers and boats. Finally, INAV supports not only flying vehicles. Bear in mind, that the rover and boat support is not full, and some functionalities might not be working like expected. What works: Reversible ESC and motors Steering Waypoints Return to home on a straight line without any obstacleWHAT IS EMUFLIGHT?
Here is a short story of what is EmuFlight, how it differs from Betaflight and should you even care? To answer the question. Yes, you might want to take a look at it. It is different enough from Betaflight to consider it as a separate flight controller. And some people say it really fly great USBASP DRIVER FOR WINDOWS 10 USBasp driver for Windows 10 – Working solution. June 28, 2017. July 17, 2020. Yesterday I’ve spent like 2 hours fighting to make USBasp ISP programmer work under Windows 10 64bit. Seriously, that was like some kind of nightmare that turned into a comedy. All web pages that I’ve found suggested following procedure: A BRIEF HISTORY OF A FLIGHT CONTROLLER A brief history of a flight controller – From MultiWii to Betaflight and beyond. I will tell you the history of probably the most successful family of Open Source flight controllers: MultiWii that continues its life today as Betaflight, EmuFlight, and INAV. Other families like OpenPilot were not that successful and practically died. ALL THE INAV SENSORS: ARE THEY REQUIRED OR OPTIONALINAV CONFIGURATOR DOWNLOADINAV CONFIGURATOR FOR WINDOWS 10INAV COXINAV FIRMWAREINAV FLIGHT CONTROLLERINAV MISSION PLANNER INAV can use various sensors to fly drones and airplanes: gyroscopes, accelerometer, magnetometers, barometers, GPS, OpFlow, rangefinders, and airspeed. Some of them required some are recommended and some are a purely optional piece of hardware. Here is the full list: INAV Sensors: Gyroscope and accelerometer Required. The flight controller will not boot without a gyroscope and WHAT IS BETAFLIGHT AIR MODE? Better late than never, so here is mine explanation what is AirMode implemented in Cleanflights fork Betaflight and hopefully soon available also in Cleanflight. Before we will go to any details, please read this to understand how PID controller works. If you know, you might skip it. In normal flight mode, No Air Mode, flight controller is not using I term from PID controller when throttle FS1000A AND XY-MK-5V 433MHZ RF MODULES: OVERVIEW FS1000A and XY-MK-5V 433MHz RF modules: overview. May 24, 2017. One of the cheapest (but not the best) solutions for DIY wireless data transmission between different devices (Arduino and other microcontrollers) is a pair of 433MHz modules: FS1000A and XY-MK-5V. A set of them (you will need one transmitter and one receiver) costsabout $1.
HANDS ON: ANYFC F7 FROM BANGGOOD Before we proceed, short clarification. Legal background of AnyFC F7 flight controller from Banggood is iffy. It's not that BG ripped the design from Sami Korhonen (sambas). Sambas published design of his AnyFC under Creative Commons BY-SA. So, it's free to copy this design as long as Sambas is referenced as author, and license is not changed. The problem is that "by attribution" part is not QUADMEUP | DRONES, RC AIRPLANES, FPV, ELECTRONICS, AND LILYGO T5 4.7-inch E-paper ESP32 development board. One of the biggest advantages of ESP32 development boards (without even counting the speed, flash size, WiFi, Bluetooth, and two cores) is that they come in a variety of shapes and sizes: bare boards, with OLED, with color LCD, with LoRa chipset, with GPS modem, etc., etc. WHAT IS BETAFLIGHT AIR MODE? Better late than never, so here is mine explanation what is AirMode implemented in Cleanflights fork Betaflight and hopefully soon available also in Cleanflight. Before we will go to any details, please read this to understand how PID controller works. If you know, you might skip it. In normal flight mode, No Air Mode, flight controller is not using I term from PID controller when throttle CONNECTING ULTRASONIC RANGEFINDER (SONAR) TO CLEANFLIGHT Keeping constant altitude with a drone is not a trivial task. Specially, if drone is supposed to keep give altitude very precisely few meters above the ground. One of the reasons for it is difficulty of reading precise altitude. Barometer can drift when atmospheric pressure changes and can produce a lot of noise. GPS is very inaccurate when dealing with altitude. FS1000A AND XY-MK-5V, ARDUINO AND VIRTUALWIRE While FS1000A and XY-MK-5V 433MHz radio modules might not be the best choice in terms of quality, or reliability or distance (although few hundred meters in open space are doable), they have one very important trait: they are extremely easy to use. No complicated wiring, no advanced programming. If you want to send some data, just connect data lines, supply voltage and write few INAV: HOW TO SETUP ASYNCHRONOUS GYRO Together with version 1.4, INAV introduced asynchronous gyroscope processing. What is async gyro and why it is useful to have it, you can read here. In short worlds: data from gyroscope is read and filtered faster than PID controller updates motor and servo output. When it is worth to enable asynchronous processing In general, async gyro can be enabled when: Flight controller does not ave HANDS ON: ANYFC F7 FROM BANGGOOD Before we proceed, short clarification. Legal background of AnyFC F7 flight controller from Banggood is iffy. It's not that BG ripped the design from Sami Korhonen (sambas). Sambas published design of his AnyFC under Creative Commons BY-SA. So, it's free to copy this design as long as Sambas is referenced as author, and license is not changed. X525 V3 QUADCOPTER FRAME REVIEW There are many cheap quadcopter frames on market. Big, small, X, H, foldable, good and bad. And choosing a correct frame for a purpose is both hard and critical for further drone performance. One of cheap, and on a first glance, versatile frames, is x525 V3. Is it worth the money? Well, it's a hard question. Before I will go to any conclussions, short description of x525 frame. STM32 VIRTUALCOMPORT DRIVER FOR WINDOWS STM32 VirtualComPort driver for Windows. Dec 3, 2016. Virtual Com Port, VCP to method of choice for almost all recent flight controllers to connect to PCs. No more onboard USB-to-UART converters like CP2102. SMT32 can work as USB device too after all But for this, Windows users will require dedicated driver.QUADMEUP.COM
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FRSKY ACCST 2.0.0 “IMPORTANT” FIRMWARE UPDATE FOR ALL FrSky does not sleep, or rather woke up, and after years of not touching the topic, released an "important" update of ACCST 2.4GHz protocol for all the compatible 2.4GHz receivers, transmitter modules, and radios: X9D Taranis, Q X7 Taranis, X10/X10S Horus, X8R, X4R, X4R-SB, XM, R-XSR, XJT and so on. What changed in ACCST 2.0.0? According to FrSky, they fixed some kind of a bug with Skip to main contentQUAD ME UP
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A BRIEF HISTORY OF A FLIGHT CONTROLLER – FROM MULTIWII TO BETAFLIGHTAND BEYOND
__ March 18, 2020March 19, 2020__Leave a comment
I will tell you the history of probably the most successful family of Open Source flight controllers: MultiWii that continues its life today as Betaflight, EmuFlight, and INAV. Other families like OpenPilot were not that successful and practically died. On the other hand, the history of ArduPilot is not that interesting and we can leave it forthe other time.
WII AND ARDUINO MAKE MULTIWII Believe it or not, but it all began with a NINTENDO WII controller: Nunchuck. Why? It was the most obvious source of gyros in the early days. You pry open one Nintendo Nunchuck, get gyro out, connect it to Arduino, flash it with MultiWii and you have made you your very own DIY flight controller. Yeap, the “Wii” in MultiWii was taken from the Nintendo Wii itself. If DIY was not your thing, you always had the option of buying ready boards like KK for example. MULTIWII TAKES IT TO THE STM32 MultiWii was great, but Arduino and its ATmega328 had many problems: slow, big, little memory and little flash for the code. Very soon Arduino was just not enough. Some guys started to scratch their heads and came out with an idea: let’s rewrite MultiWii to work on those STM32F103 MCUs… this is how Baseflight and the first generation of STM32 flight controllers were born. Remember Naze32? Yeap, those werethose times.
STM32F1 was so much better: more processing power, more RAM, more flash, more everything. Baseflight (MultiWii rewrite for STM32) was growing, getting new features, drones were flying better than ever before! The future was there. Almost… The problem with Baseflight was its main author and maintainer. He came under the nickname of TROLLCOP or TIMECOP and, to take it mildly, he was a 100% _douchebag_! Google it out if you want some spicy details… After some debacle with another contributor called Hydra, Hydra took his toys, forked Baseflight and this is how Cleanflightwas born!
ALL HAIL HYDRA! STOP! I MENT TO SAY CLEANFLIGHT Comparing to trollcop, Hydra was an angel and Cleanflight started to bloom! More contributors, more functions, more, more, more… STM32F3, SPracing F3. All those things happened when Cleanflight was the thing. But not everything was working as nicely and the official pictures showed. There were internal frictions and currents inside the Cleanflight community. Some people (BorisB) wanted more rapid development for 5″ multirotors. Some people (DigitalEntity) wanted more GPS and Navigation functions. Hydra wanted something else (I know what, but I will skip this part today). Before everybody understood what is happening, BorisB forked Cleanflight under the name of Betaflight with a promise to test new features before they would be merged back to Cleanflight, while DigitalEntity forked Cleanflight under the name of INAV to bring GPS and navigation for the people. THE TRINITY (?) – NOT SURE THE NAME FITS, BUT SOUNDS VERY COOL The schism became a fact and all 3 maintainers started to push their projects in different directions. Users got confused in the beginning but quickly learned that: * if they want to fly 5″ multirotors they should use Betaflight * if they want to fly with GPS and navigation or on airplanes, theyshould go with INAV
And Cleanflight? Cleanflight and Hydra lost momentum, lost users and lost the market. And one point, to keep the brand alive (yeap, Cleanflight was a quite strong brand a few years ago) Hydra gave up independent development of CF and just reset it to Betaflight. Cleanflight became just a rebranded Betaflight and ultimately diedsomewhere in 2018.
INTERESTING TIMES
And that would be the story of how MultiWii became Betaflight and INAV. It’s not the full story tho. There are more flight controller projects that originated from MultiWii, CF or Betaflight. Most of them died, some of them are still around. Here is a shortlist with some spicy details if available * TRIFLIGHT that originated from Cleanflight (I think) to work with tricopters. Unfortunately for the project, people stopped flying tricopters and project died completely around 2017 * RACEFLIGHT – this is a good one and brings a lot of drama. They concentrated on racing (hence the name) and got quite popular. Since it’s hard to sell Open Source project was abandoned at one point but the name returned as RaceFlight One that was supposed to be 100% clean rewrite without any Open Source code inside. Turned out it was not, there was extra drama involved. Race Flight One lives now as FlightOne and recently popular Falco-X can be called it’s descendant. * BUTTERFLIGHT. Oh, this one is also a good example of a drama… After the debacle of Race Flight One GPL violation, some people got together, abandoned different people and started a thing that was Helio Spring FC with a “special” coprocessor called IMU-F. They needed software to run their hardware and Betaflight had objections (and they had very good reasons to have them). Somebody forked Betaflight, called it a ButterFlight and dadam… we have a new contender. Unfortunately for the ButterFlight, two things happened. 1 – making a bunch of haters your core community is a very bad idea. 2 – the Helio got into legal and financial problems and finally went under. ButterFlight died soon after * It would be the end of ButterFlight is not the fact that some people liked how ButterFlight was flying and had different ideas and visions than Betaflight devs and community. A guy nicknamed Quick Flash forked what was left of the ButterFlight code and called it EMUFLIGHT . It’s still quite new and let’s see if it will be a success or not… INAV ON ROVERS, BOATS, CRAWLERS, TANKS AND OTHER GROUND VEHICLES __ March 5, 2020March 5, 2020__1 Comment
What can INAV do? Well…. it can fly your multirotor drone and a fixed-wing airplane. And it can do it pretty nicely! Unfortunately, that is all it can do. Now, at least. Every year or so, I’m building an RC airboat and always wanted to build a rover based on some kind of an RC crawler. Running those things without any flight controller is more than fine, but I always wanted to have at least RTH capability. You know, when something happens a few hundred meters into the lake and you really do not want to swim there to recover the boat. And no, you really do not want todo it.
This is why for INAV 2.5 I’m preparing a packet of improvements: * Correct reversible motors handling. The current 3D mode is, well, not working like it should be working! So it has to be rewritten. As a bonus, it will serve 3D multirotors pilots too! * INAV navigation is not using yaw on platforms other than multirotors. To overcome this rather big problem, I’m currently testing another INAV navigation PID controller. When done, it will be able to use rudder on airplanes and steering on cars, rovers, tanks, and boats of all sorts. * Ground and water vehicles have no altitude control. After all, they are not airborne. INAV always tries to control altitude. It’s not a big problem, but need solving * Rovers do not have to loiter. When they reach their destination, they can just shut motors off. INAV does not know how to do that yet, it will try to loiter instead. I’m also working on an INAV rover based on a WPL C24 4×4 RC crawler . With full GPS and FrSky R9 onboard! WAS I DISQUALIFIED FROM BETAFLIGHT? __ February 3, 2020February 3, 2020__1 Comment
The best way to fight with haters and different types of fanboys with whom you do not agree with is to ignore then. Just like that: do not feed the trolls, it makes no sense. Sometimes, tho, it’s so hilartious… Like today I learned that I was disqualified from… Yes, from what? Betaflight? Some other privilege I’m not aware of? Oh, one day I will find the best screenshots from late Butterflight Slack… oh boy, that was interesting read FRSKY ACCST 2.0.0 “IMPORTANT” FIRMWARE UPDATE FOR ALL RECEIVERS, RADIOS AND TRANSMITTERS __ January 23, 2020January 23, 2020__Leave a comment
FrSky does not sleep, or rather woke up, and after years of not touching the topic, released an “important” update of ACCST2.4GHz
protocol for all the compatible 2.4GHz receivers, transmitter modules, and radios: X9D TARANIS, Q X7 TARANIS, X10/X10S Horus, X8R, X4R, X4R-SB, XM, R-XSR, XJT and so on. What changed in ACCST 2.0.0? According to FrSky, they fixed some kind of a bug with uncontrolled servo movement in ceratin conditions (probably almost never) and improved “correction andverification”.
What does it mean in the real world: * ACCST 2 is not compatible with previous ACCST * if you decide to upgrade, you will have to upgrade receivers andtransmitters. All!
* any 3rd party ACCST compatible receivers and transmitters stop to work: including multiprotocol modules and 3rd party D16 receivers Consumer advise? DO NOT UPDATE! There is no need to update from ACCST to ACCST 2.0.0. Looks like there is no gain for end users at all and the cost is substantial!FRSKY R-XSR PINOUT
__ January 14, 2020January 19, 2020__1 Comment
* GND – ground wire * +3,5-10V – positive voltage supply. R-XSR is rated up to 10V and powering it from 5V is the best option * SmartPort – inverted S.Port pin (standard) – can be used directly with STM32F3 and F7 series * SBUS – SBUS protocol output * SBUS Input – for redundancy function only * Uninverted SmartPort – uninverted S.Port pin (standard is inverted) – can be used directly all flight controllers on anyserial port
* Uninverted SBUS – uninverted SBUS protocol output (standard isinverted)
FRSKY TARANIS Q X7 AND X7S – IS IT STILL WORTHY? __ January 14, 2020January 19, 2020__1 Comment
FrSky Taranis QX7 appeared on the market a few years ago and got quite a lot of popularity in its time. There were reasons for that: * much cheaper than Taranis X9D * still with full-size JR bay,* a lot of switches – less than on X9D, but who uses all the switches on X9D? * the same radio link as on the bigger brother means it has the same range and reliability as well proven radio link of a bigger Taranis Thanks to all of that, not only Q X7 became a very popular entry-level radio transmitter for new people in the hobby, a substantial amount of pilots migrated from X9D to Q X7 as it’s lighter, cheaper, and work as well full-size Taranis. The situation was even better when FRSKY SHOWED Q X7S with incorporated great Hall-effect gimbals and some extra features like wireless trainer port, etc. Now, the question is: is Q X7 still worth buying in 2020 or should new and existing users be rather interested in other radios like X9 Lite, Jumper T16 or similar? The answer is as follows: the Q X7 is still one of the most interesting radio transmitters on the market. You might say, that it’s aging well. Not only it works as great as when it was introduced, but it also is not as much “castrated” product as X9 Lite for example. This is why, my verdict is: if you like how it looks (not everybody does) and look for a higher entry-level device, Taranis Q X7 is for you. It’s not so obvious with Q X7S as it’s much more expensive and then Jumper T16 Pro becomes a valid competition, but the cheaper version is probably the cheapest FrSky radio worthgetting!
NEJELASER MASTER DRIVER AND SOFTWARE __ January 13, 2020January 13, 2020__Leave a
comment
NEJE MASTER aka NEJELASER MASTER aka KKMOON LASER ENGRAVER is a family of cheap laser engravers/cutters. They come in a variety of laser powers, from 3500mW, by 7000mW up to 20W. Bear in mind, this is the electrical input power, not real optical output power. The 20W module has a real power of around 5.5W optical. Still, it's enough to cut through 3mm plywood in 2 or 3 passes. Anyhow… NEJE made it extremely hard to download their software. The web server where they store (http://wiki.nejetool.com/doku.php?id=nejelaser_master) it is extremely slow! The transfer is well below 3kB/s and breaks very often. This is why I've prepared a small package. It contains Windows driver for NEJE Laser Master and version 4.7 of NEJE software. You arewelcome!
Download NEJE 4.7 and NEJE windows driver here DALPROP NEPAL N1 5″ PROPELLERS __ January 13, 2020January 20, 2020__Leave a
comment
This weekend, thanks to Foxeer, I had an opportunity to test flight new Dalprop _freestyle props_: Nepal N1. Although the name is a puzzle for me, I’m pretty sure DALPROP NEPAL N1 might make some stirr! Anyhow, Nepal series is intended for freestyle although I’m pretty sure you can do some relaxed, non-competitive FPV racing with them aswell.
* diameter: 5,1″
* pitch: 4,35″
* weight: 3,7g
* PoPo compatible
* material: polycarbonate The most visible feature of Nepal N1 is that they have heavily swept-back blades. The resemblance to Azure Power propellers is obvious, but they are far from being identical. Blade shape and curvature are different. After flying a few LiPo packs with those propellers, all I can say is that I like for they perform and for sure will use them a lot. * The prop wash is very gentle and easy to tune out. The marketing slogan for Nepal N1 is “No prop wash” but it’s only a slogan. Prop wash is there, but it’s not big and simple to avoid * Yaw is responsive but not over-responsive like some heavy pitchedprops
* They seem like a nice compromise between very gentle and power lacking props like Ethix S3 and the previous generation of Dalprop propellers know as Cyclone. * Nepal N1 feel very precise in flight and I was kind of surprised how easily I was able to navigate between trees and fit into smallholes
* I have no idea what exactly they used to make Nepal N1, but they are bloody tough props! After a few at least moderate crashes, there is still not a single scratch on them and I did not have to replace even a single propeller. All are straight and you can see some evidence of being in use only after a close examination. Very durableindeed
* Powerlooping is easy again as they do not lack power at the high end and I had no problems to travel back far enough to have enough time and space to hit the gate again. Very nice! INAV AND DJI HD FPV SYSTEM – THERE IS A LIGHT AT THE END OF THETUNNEL
__ December 18, 2019December 18, 2019__Leave a comment
When DJI did not decide to add INAV and Ardupilot to the list of the supported flight controller for the HD FPV system, some people were, at least, disappointed. Long story short: DJI OSD works only withBetaflight. Period.
Until today, DJI avoids the answer to the question if INAV and Ardupilot will be supported. I know there are some talks and there is a chance for native support for INAV and Ardupilot, but the timelineis not revealed.
In the meantime, there is a solution. It's based on, dadam, Arduino! Yeap, Arduino to the rescue! Thanks to Mavlink to MSP bridgeDJI AirUnit
thinks it's talking to the Betaflight flight controller, while indeed it is talking to any flight controller software that supports Mavlink! Since INAV supports Mavlink, you are golden! Enable Mavlink on one of the ports, connect DJI AirUnit via the Arduino and that's all! It might not be the perfect solution to the problem, but it is a solution that seems to be working! DRONE AND RC AIRPLANE MOTORS – EVERYTHING YOU WANTED TO KNOW BUT YOUWERE AFRAID TO ASK!
__ December 8, 2019December 8, 2019__Leave a comment
Today, let's have a nice talk about brushless electic motors we use in the RC hobby. Both on airplanes, as well as on drones. In this videowe will discuss:
* motor size
* motor KV and rotation speed * KV versus KT as motor constants* stator and rotor
* number of coils and poles* winding
* phases
* airflow and cooling * does a motor care about rotation direction * how to change the rotation direction of a motor* shaft and hub
* mounting holes spacing * how not to fry your motor right awayPOSTS NAVIGATION
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Hi, my name is Pawel S. and welcome to QuadMeUp. It's all about RC hobby, drones, FPV, electronics, Arduino, ESP32, LoRa and all the other things that I can call my hobby. I'm also one of INAV developers and run a YouTube channel about INAV, FPV, drones, and airplanes. * PAWEL S ON YOUTUBEWordPress
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