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MOISTURE CONTENT AND MOISTURE REGAIN Moisture Content (M) = Weight of Water / Total weight of material x 100. Moisture Regain (R): It is defined as the weight of water in a material expressed a percentage of the oven dry weight of the material. Moisture Regain (R) = Weight of Water / Oven dry weight of the material x 100. The temperature of the oven dryer should be 105*± 3*c.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THERMAL POWER PLANT Disadvantages of thermal power plant are: The running cost of thermal power station is more as compared to hydro power station. It pollutes the atmosphere due to production of large amount of smoke and fumes. Maintenance cost is more. Skilled persons are required for erecting and maintaining the power station. HOW PRESSURE IS MEASURED USING LVDT? The pressure measurement using bourdon tube and LVDT is shown in above figure. In this the, the bourdon tube act as primary transducer and LVDT which follows the output of bourdon tube act as a secondary transducer. The bourdon tube senses the pressure and converts it into a displacement. The free end of bourdon tube shows this displacement. COMPARE BETWEEN INDOOR SUBSTATION AND Compare between indoor substation and outdoor substation. Less because all the components are insulated.therefore clearance required between them is less. More as some components such as bus bar, O.H. line are not insulated hence clearance between them is more. More because additional building construction is required. CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING OF RVDT (ROTARY VARIABLE Construction. The basic construction of RVDT is shown in above fig. The RVDT consists of one primary winding and two secondary windings. The emf induced in the secondary winding is a function of rotary displacement. The both secondary windings are placed in such a way to produce emf 180 degree out of phase to each other. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF RTD (RESISTANCE Advantages: There are some advantages of RTD (resistance temperature detector) which are given below,. The RTD can be easily installed and replaced. It is available in wide range. The RTD can be used to measure differential temperature. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SCR AND TRIAC SCR stands for silicon controlled rectifier. TRIAC stands for triode for alternating current. The SCR is unidirectional device. The TRIAC is bidirectional device. It available in large ratings. It available in smaller ratings. The SCR control DC power. The TRIAC control DC as well as AC power. The SCR can be triggered by positive gate voltageonly.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CARBON COMPOSITION RESISTOR AND WIRE Difference between carbon composition resistor and wire wound resistor. Its power rating is from ¼ W to 2W. Its power rating is from 1W to 200W. It can be used at high frequencies. It cannot be used at high frequencies. It has high tolerance and hence, accurate value of resistance cannot be obtained. It has low tolerance and hence,accurate
DIFFERENCE SQUIRREL CAGE ROTOR AND WOUND OR SLIP CAGE ROTOR Difference squirrel cage rotor and wound or slip cage rotor. This rotor is in the form of bars which are shorted at the end with the help of end rings. This rotor is in the form of 3 phase winding. In squirrel cage rotor no slip rings or brushes. In wound or slip rotor slip rings and brushes are used. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF TRIAC There are some advantages of TRIAC which are given below, The TRIAC need single fuse for protection. It can be triggered with positive or negative polarities of gate pulses. A safe breakdown in either direction is possible but for SCR protection should be given with parallel diode. It needs only a single heat sink of slightly largersize where
MOISTURE CONTENT AND MOISTURE REGAIN Moisture Content (M) = Weight of Water / Total weight of material x 100. Moisture Regain (R): It is defined as the weight of water in a material expressed a percentage of the oven dry weight of the material. Moisture Regain (R) = Weight of Water / Oven dry weight of the material x 100. The temperature of the oven dryer should be 105*± 3*c.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THERMAL POWER PLANT Disadvantages of thermal power plant are: The running cost of thermal power station is more as compared to hydro power station. It pollutes the atmosphere due to production of large amount of smoke and fumes. Maintenance cost is more. Skilled persons are required for erecting and maintaining the power station. HOW PRESSURE IS MEASURED USING LVDT? The pressure measurement using bourdon tube and LVDT is shown in above figure. In this the, the bourdon tube act as primary transducer and LVDT which follows the output of bourdon tube act as a secondary transducer. The bourdon tube senses the pressure and converts it into a displacement. The free end of bourdon tube shows this displacement. COMPARE BETWEEN INDOOR SUBSTATION AND Compare between indoor substation and outdoor substation. Less because all the components are insulated.therefore clearance required between them is less. More as some components such as bus bar, O.H. line are not insulated hence clearance between them is more. More because additional building construction is required. CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING OF RVDT (ROTARY VARIABLE Construction. The basic construction of RVDT is shown in above fig. The RVDT consists of one primary winding and two secondary windings. The emf induced in the secondary winding is a function of rotary displacement. The both secondary windings are placed in such a way to produce emf 180 degree out of phase to each other. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF RTD (RESISTANCE Advantages: There are some advantages of RTD (resistance temperature detector) which are given below,. The RTD can be easily installed and replaced. It is available in wide range. The RTD can be used to measure differential temperature. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SCR AND TRIAC SCR stands for silicon controlled rectifier. TRIAC stands for triode for alternating current. The SCR is unidirectional device. The TRIAC is bidirectional device. It available in large ratings. It available in smaller ratings. The SCR control DC power. The TRIAC control DC as well as AC power. The SCR can be triggered by positive gate voltageonly.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CARBON COMPOSITION RESISTOR AND WIRE Difference between carbon composition resistor and wire wound resistor. Its power rating is from ¼ W to 2W. Its power rating is from 1W to 200W. It can be used at high frequencies. It cannot be used at high frequencies. It has high tolerance and hence, accurate value of resistance cannot be obtained. It has low tolerance and hence,accurate
DIFFERENCE SQUIRREL CAGE ROTOR AND WOUND OR SLIP CAGE ROTOR Difference squirrel cage rotor and wound or slip cage rotor. This rotor is in the form of bars which are shorted at the end with the help of end rings. This rotor is in the form of 3 phase winding. In squirrel cage rotor no slip rings or brushes. In wound or slip rotor slip rings and brushes are used. HOW PRESSURE IS MEASURED USING LVDT? The pressure measurement using bourdon tube and LVDT is shown in above figure. In this the, the bourdon tube act as primary transducer and LVDT which follows the output of bourdon tube act as a secondary transducer. The bourdon tube senses the pressure and converts it into a displacement. The free end of bourdon tube shows this displacement. CAPACITOR TESTING WITH OHMMETER Capacitor testing with ohmmeter. Three capacitor defects are detectable with an ohmmeter are short, open and partial short. If the capacitor is in a ciruit, it must be separated by disconnecting one lead. The shorted capacitor has a dilectric breakdown. When this condition is there, the ohmmeter will show a steady-zero reading. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF GEARS Advantages and disadvantages of gears. By using gear trains, large velocity ratio can be obtained with minimum space. Gears are mechanically strong, so higher loads can be lifted. Gears are used for transmission of large H.F. They are used for transmitting motion over small centre distance of shafts. They are used for large reduction inspeed
HOW TRANSISTOR SHUNT REGULATOR IS WORK? The above figure shows the circuit diagram of transistor shunt regulator where the transistor is connected in shunt (parallel) with the load hence the circuit is called transistor shunt regulator.The zener voltage V Z of zener diode is reverse biased by the unregulated DC voltage. To limit the zener current a resistor R 1 is connected in series with a zener diode. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THERMAL POWER PLANT Disadvantages of thermal power plant are: The running cost of thermal power station is more as compared to hydro power station. It pollutes the atmosphere due to production of large amount of smoke and fumes. Maintenance cost is more. Skilled persons are required for erecting and maintaining the power station. ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS OF ROTAMETER There are some advantages of rotameter which are given below. The cost of rotameter is low. It provides linear scale. It has good accuracy for low and medium flow rates. The pressure loss is nearly constant and small. Usability for corrosive fluid. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF RTD (RESISTANCE Advantages: There are some advantages of RTD (resistance temperature detector) which are given below,. The RTD can be easily installed and replaced. It is available in wide range. The RTD can be used to measure differential temperature. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SCR AND TRIAC SCR stands for silicon controlled rectifier. TRIAC stands for triode for alternating current. The SCR is unidirectional device. The TRIAC is bidirectional device. It available in large ratings. It available in smaller ratings. The SCR control DC power. The TRIAC control DC as well as AC power. The SCR can be triggered by positive gate voltageonly.
CONSTRUCTION OF ENHANCEMENT TYPE N CHANNEL MOSFET A conducting layer of aluminum which will act as gate is overlaid on SiO 2 over the entire channel region. The construction of enhancement type N channel MOSFET is different from the depletion type MOSFET in the sense that it has no physical channel. It may be noted that the P type substrate extends the SiO 2 layer completely. WRITE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FLAT PLATE COLLECTORS AND Write difference between flat plate collectors and concentrating type collectors. Absorber area is large. Absorber area is small. Concentration ratio is 1. Concentration ratio is high. It is uses both beam and diffuse radiation. It is uses mainly beam radiation. Application limited to low temperature uses suitable for all places asit can work
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF TRIAC There are some advantages of TRIAC which are given below, The TRIAC need single fuse for protection. It can be triggered with positive or negative polarities of gate pulses. A safe breakdown in either direction is possible but for SCR protection should be given with parallel diode. It needs only a single heat sink of slightly largersize where
MOISTURE CONTENT AND MOISTURE REGAIN Moisture Content (M) = Weight of Water / Total weight of material x 100. Moisture Regain (R): It is defined as the weight of water in a material expressed a percentage of the oven dry weight of the material. Moisture Regain (R) = Weight of Water / Oven dry weight of the material x 100. The temperature of the oven dryer should be 105*± 3*c.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THERMAL POWER PLANT Disadvantages of thermal power plant are: The running cost of thermal power station is more as compared to hydro power station. It pollutes the atmosphere due to production of large amount of smoke and fumes. Maintenance cost is more. Skilled persons are required for erecting and maintaining the power station. HOW PRESSURE IS MEASURED USING LVDT? The pressure measurement using bourdon tube and LVDT is shown in above figure. In this the, the bourdon tube act as primary transducer and LVDT which follows the output of bourdon tube act as a secondary transducer. The bourdon tube senses the pressure and converts it into a displacement. The free end of bourdon tube shows this displacement. COMPARE BETWEEN INDOOR SUBSTATION AND Compare between indoor substation and outdoor substation. Less because all the components are insulated.therefore clearance required between them is less. More as some components such as bus bar, O.H. line are not insulated hence clearance between them is more. More because additional building construction is required. CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING OF RVDT (ROTARY VARIABLE Construction. The basic construction of RVDT is shown in above fig. The RVDT consists of one primary winding and two secondary windings. The emf induced in the secondary winding is a function of rotary displacement. The both secondary windings are placed in such a way to produce emf 180 degree out of phase to each other. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF RTD (RESISTANCE Advantages: There are some advantages of RTD (resistance temperature detector) which are given below,. The RTD can be easily installed and replaced. It is available in wide range. The RTD can be used to measure differential temperature. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SCR AND TRIAC SCR stands for silicon controlled rectifier. TRIAC stands for triode for alternating current. The SCR is unidirectional device. The TRIAC is bidirectional device. It available in large ratings. It available in smaller ratings. The SCR control DC power. The TRIAC control DC as well as AC power. The SCR can be triggered by positive gate voltageonly.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CARBON COMPOSITION RESISTOR AND WIRE Difference between carbon composition resistor and wire wound resistor. Its power rating is from ¼ W to 2W. Its power rating is from 1W to 200W. It can be used at high frequencies. It cannot be used at high frequencies. It has high tolerance and hence, accurate value of resistance cannot be obtained. It has low tolerance and hence,accurate
DIFFERENCE SQUIRREL CAGE ROTOR AND WOUND OR SLIP CAGE ROTOR Difference squirrel cage rotor and wound or slip cage rotor. This rotor is in the form of bars which are shorted at the end with the help of end rings. This rotor is in the form of 3 phase winding. In squirrel cage rotor no slip rings or brushes. In wound or slip rotor slip rings and brushes are used. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF TRIAC There are some advantages of TRIAC which are given below, The TRIAC need single fuse for protection. It can be triggered with positive or negative polarities of gate pulses. A safe breakdown in either direction is possible but for SCR protection should be given with parallel diode. It needs only a single heat sink of slightly largersize where
MOISTURE CONTENT AND MOISTURE REGAIN Moisture Content (M) = Weight of Water / Total weight of material x 100. Moisture Regain (R): It is defined as the weight of water in a material expressed a percentage of the oven dry weight of the material. Moisture Regain (R) = Weight of Water / Oven dry weight of the material x 100. The temperature of the oven dryer should be 105*± 3*c.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THERMAL POWER PLANT Disadvantages of thermal power plant are: The running cost of thermal power station is more as compared to hydro power station. It pollutes the atmosphere due to production of large amount of smoke and fumes. Maintenance cost is more. Skilled persons are required for erecting and maintaining the power station. HOW PRESSURE IS MEASURED USING LVDT? The pressure measurement using bourdon tube and LVDT is shown in above figure. In this the, the bourdon tube act as primary transducer and LVDT which follows the output of bourdon tube act as a secondary transducer. The bourdon tube senses the pressure and converts it into a displacement. The free end of bourdon tube shows this displacement. COMPARE BETWEEN INDOOR SUBSTATION AND Compare between indoor substation and outdoor substation. Less because all the components are insulated.therefore clearance required between them is less. More as some components such as bus bar, O.H. line are not insulated hence clearance between them is more. More because additional building construction is required. CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING OF RVDT (ROTARY VARIABLE Construction. The basic construction of RVDT is shown in above fig. The RVDT consists of one primary winding and two secondary windings. The emf induced in the secondary winding is a function of rotary displacement. The both secondary windings are placed in such a way to produce emf 180 degree out of phase to each other. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF RTD (RESISTANCE Advantages: There are some advantages of RTD (resistance temperature detector) which are given below,. The RTD can be easily installed and replaced. It is available in wide range. The RTD can be used to measure differential temperature. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SCR AND TRIAC SCR stands for silicon controlled rectifier. TRIAC stands for triode for alternating current. The SCR is unidirectional device. The TRIAC is bidirectional device. It available in large ratings. It available in smaller ratings. The SCR control DC power. The TRIAC control DC as well as AC power. The SCR can be triggered by positive gate voltageonly.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CARBON COMPOSITION RESISTOR AND WIRE Difference between carbon composition resistor and wire wound resistor. Its power rating is from ¼ W to 2W. Its power rating is from 1W to 200W. It can be used at high frequencies. It cannot be used at high frequencies. It has high tolerance and hence, accurate value of resistance cannot be obtained. It has low tolerance and hence,accurate
DIFFERENCE SQUIRREL CAGE ROTOR AND WOUND OR SLIP CAGE ROTOR Difference squirrel cage rotor and wound or slip cage rotor. This rotor is in the form of bars which are shorted at the end with the help of end rings. This rotor is in the form of 3 phase winding. In squirrel cage rotor no slip rings or brushes. In wound or slip rotor slip rings and brushes are used. HOW PRESSURE IS MEASURED USING LVDT? The pressure measurement using bourdon tube and LVDT is shown in above figure. In this the, the bourdon tube act as primary transducer and LVDT which follows the output of bourdon tube act as a secondary transducer. The bourdon tube senses the pressure and converts it into a displacement. The free end of bourdon tube shows this displacement. CAPACITOR TESTING WITH OHMMETER Capacitor testing with ohmmeter. Three capacitor defects are detectable with an ohmmeter are short, open and partial short. If the capacitor is in a ciruit, it must be separated by disconnecting one lead. The shorted capacitor has a dilectric breakdown. When this condition is there, the ohmmeter will show a steady-zero reading. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF GEARS Advantages and disadvantages of gears. By using gear trains, large velocity ratio can be obtained with minimum space. Gears are mechanically strong, so higher loads can be lifted. Gears are used for transmission of large H.F. They are used for transmitting motion over small centre distance of shafts. They are used for large reduction inspeed
HOW TRANSISTOR SHUNT REGULATOR IS WORK? The above figure shows the circuit diagram of transistor shunt regulator where the transistor is connected in shunt (parallel) with the load hence the circuit is called transistor shunt regulator.The zener voltage V Z of zener diode is reverse biased by the unregulated DC voltage. To limit the zener current a resistor R 1 is connected in series with a zener diode. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THERMAL POWER PLANT Disadvantages of thermal power plant are: The running cost of thermal power station is more as compared to hydro power station. It pollutes the atmosphere due to production of large amount of smoke and fumes. Maintenance cost is more. Skilled persons are required for erecting and maintaining the power station. ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS OF ROTAMETER There are some advantages of rotameter which are given below. The cost of rotameter is low. It provides linear scale. It has good accuracy for low and medium flow rates. The pressure loss is nearly constant and small. Usability for corrosive fluid. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF RTD (RESISTANCE Advantages: There are some advantages of RTD (resistance temperature detector) which are given below,. The RTD can be easily installed and replaced. It is available in wide range. The RTD can be used to measure differential temperature. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SCR AND TRIAC SCR stands for silicon controlled rectifier. TRIAC stands for triode for alternating current. The SCR is unidirectional device. The TRIAC is bidirectional device. It available in large ratings. It available in smaller ratings. The SCR control DC power. The TRIAC control DC as well as AC power. The SCR can be triggered by positive gate voltageonly.
CONSTRUCTION OF ENHANCEMENT TYPE N CHANNEL MOSFET A conducting layer of aluminum which will act as gate is overlaid on SiO 2 over the entire channel region. The construction of enhancement type N channel MOSFET is different from the depletion type MOSFET in the sense that it has no physical channel. It may be noted that the P type substrate extends the SiO 2 layer completely. WRITE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FLAT PLATE COLLECTORS AND Write difference between flat plate collectors and concentrating type collectors. Absorber area is large. Absorber area is small. Concentration ratio is 1. Concentration ratio is high. It is uses both beam and diffuse radiation. It is uses mainly beam radiation. Application limited to low temperature uses suitable for all places asit can work
CAPACITOR TESTING WITH OHMMETER Capacitor testing with ohmmeter. Three capacitor defects are detectable with an ohmmeter are short, open and partial short. If the capacitor is in a ciruit, it must be separated by disconnecting one lead. The shorted capacitor has a dilectric breakdown. When this condition is there, the ohmmeter will show a steady-zero reading. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF TRIAC There are some advantages of TRIAC which are given below, The TRIAC need single fuse for protection. It can be triggered with positive or negative polarities of gate pulses. A safe breakdown in either direction is possible but for SCR protection should be given with parallel diode. It needs only a single heat sink of slightly largersize where
CLASSIFICATION OF AMPLIFIERS The amplifiers are may be classified as under, According to input signal. Small signal amplifier. Large signal amplifier. According to coupling methods. Inductance coupled (LC) amplifier. Resistance capacitance (RC) coupled amplifier. Transformer coupled (LC) coupled amplifier. Direct couple (DC) amplifier. MICROPROCESSOR BASED OVERCURRENT RELAY Microprocessor Based Overcurrent Relay. Current is taken from C.T. and given to I to V converter because many electronics circuit require voltage signal for operation. The A.C. voltage is converted into D.C. voltage by using rectifier. This D.C. voltage is proportional to load current only. The output of rectifier is given to Multiplexer. WHAT IS EXTREME PRESSURE LUBRICATION What is extreme pressure lubrication. When the moving or sliding surfaces are under very high pressure and speed, excessive frictional heat will be generated. The high local temperature thus produced at the surfaces, the lubricant fails to stick or get vaporized. To meet these extra high-temperature high-temperature conditions, special MOISTURE CONTENT AND MOISTURE REGAIN Moisture Content (M) = Weight of Water / Total weight of material x 100. Moisture Regain (R): It is defined as the weight of water in a material expressed a percentage of the oven dry weight of the material. Moisture Regain (R) = Weight of Water / Oven dry weight of the material x 100. The temperature of the oven dryer should be 105*± 3*c.
ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS OF ROTAMETER There are some advantages of rotameter which are given below. The cost of rotameter is low. It provides linear scale. It has good accuracy for low and medium flow rates. The pressure loss is nearly constant and small. Usability for corrosive fluid. WHAT ARE STRUCTURAL GLAZING? Nowadays in structural glazing; the glass cladding works is preferably adopted in building construction since it fulfills the variations functional requirements of building such as lighting heat retention etc. with visual impact creation.; Structural glazing systems, in their simplest form, are types of curtain wall systems consisting of glass that is bonded or anchored back to a structure ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF RTD (RESISTANCE Advantages: There are some advantages of RTD (resistance temperature detector) which are given below,. The RTD can be easily installed and replaced. It is available in wide range. The RTD can be used to measure differential temperature. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CARBON COMPOSITION RESISTOR AND WIRE Difference between carbon composition resistor and wire wound resistor. Its power rating is from ¼ W to 2W. Its power rating is from 1W to 200W. It can be used at high frequencies. It cannot be used at high frequencies. It has high tolerance and hence, accurate value of resistance cannot be obtained. It has low tolerance and hence,accurate
CAPACITOR TESTING WITH OHMMETER Capacitor testing with ohmmeter. Three capacitor defects are detectable with an ohmmeter are short, open and partial short. If the capacitor is in a ciruit, it must be separated by disconnecting one lead. The shorted capacitor has a dilectric breakdown. When this condition is there, the ohmmeter will show a steady-zero reading. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF TRIAC There are some advantages of TRIAC which are given below, The TRIAC need single fuse for protection. It can be triggered with positive or negative polarities of gate pulses. A safe breakdown in either direction is possible but for SCR protection should be given with parallel diode. It needs only a single heat sink of slightly largersize where
CLASSIFICATION OF AMPLIFIERS The amplifiers are may be classified as under, According to input signal. Small signal amplifier. Large signal amplifier. According to coupling methods. Inductance coupled (LC) amplifier. Resistance capacitance (RC) coupled amplifier. Transformer coupled (LC) coupled amplifier. Direct couple (DC) amplifier. MICROPROCESSOR BASED OVERCURRENT RELAY Microprocessor Based Overcurrent Relay. Current is taken from C.T. and given to I to V converter because many electronics circuit require voltage signal for operation. The A.C. voltage is converted into D.C. voltage by using rectifier. This D.C. voltage is proportional to load current only. The output of rectifier is given to Multiplexer. WHAT IS EXTREME PRESSURE LUBRICATION What is extreme pressure lubrication. When the moving or sliding surfaces are under very high pressure and speed, excessive frictional heat will be generated. The high local temperature thus produced at the surfaces, the lubricant fails to stick or get vaporized. To meet these extra high-temperature high-temperature conditions, special MOISTURE CONTENT AND MOISTURE REGAIN Moisture Content (M) = Weight of Water / Total weight of material x 100. Moisture Regain (R): It is defined as the weight of water in a material expressed a percentage of the oven dry weight of the material. Moisture Regain (R) = Weight of Water / Oven dry weight of the material x 100. The temperature of the oven dryer should be 105*± 3*c.
ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS OF ROTAMETER There are some advantages of rotameter which are given below. The cost of rotameter is low. It provides linear scale. It has good accuracy for low and medium flow rates. The pressure loss is nearly constant and small. Usability for corrosive fluid. WHAT ARE STRUCTURAL GLAZING? Nowadays in structural glazing; the glass cladding works is preferably adopted in building construction since it fulfills the variations functional requirements of building such as lighting heat retention etc. with visual impact creation.; Structural glazing systems, in their simplest form, are types of curtain wall systems consisting of glass that is bonded or anchored back to a structure ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF RTD (RESISTANCE Advantages: There are some advantages of RTD (resistance temperature detector) which are given below,. The RTD can be easily installed and replaced. It is available in wide range. The RTD can be used to measure differential temperature. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CARBON COMPOSITION RESISTOR AND WIRE Difference between carbon composition resistor and wire wound resistor. Its power rating is from ¼ W to 2W. Its power rating is from 1W to 200W. It can be used at high frequencies. It cannot be used at high frequencies. It has high tolerance and hence, accurate value of resistance cannot be obtained. It has low tolerance and hence,accurate
APPLICATIONS OF UNIJUNCTION TRANSISTOR (UJT) There are some application of unijunction transistor (UJT) are,. The unijunction transistor (UJT) used as relaxation oscillator. It is used as voltage detector. The UJT is used for switching.; It is widely used as triggering device for silicon control rectifier (SCR) and TRIAC. ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS OF ROTAMETER There are some advantages of rotameter which are given below. The cost of rotameter is low. It provides linear scale. It has good accuracy for low and medium flow rates. The pressure loss is nearly constant and small. Usability for corrosive fluid. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THERMAL POWER PLANT Disadvantages of thermal power plant are: The running cost of thermal power station is more as compared to hydro power station. It pollutes the atmosphere due to production of large amount of smoke and fumes. Maintenance cost is more. Skilled persons are required for erecting and maintaining the power station. ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS OF FREQUENCY Advantages: There are some advantages of frequency division multiplexing(FDM) which are given below, . It does not need synchronization between its transmitter and receiver. Frequency division multiplexing (FDM) is simpler and easy demodulation. Due to HOW PRESSURE IS MEASURED USING LVDT? The pressure measurement using bourdon tube and LVDT is shown in above figure. In this the, the bourdon tube act as primary transducer and LVDT which follows the output of bourdon tube act as a secondary transducer. The bourdon tube senses the pressure and converts it into a displacement. The free end of bourdon tube shows this displacement. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF LCD (LIQUID CRYSTAL There are some advantages of liquid crystal display (LCD) which are given below, The LCD can be made in large sizes of over 60 inch or 150 cm diagonal.; It has no geometric distortion. It is very compact, thin, and light CRT displays. COMPARE BETWEEN INDOOR SUBSTATION AND Compare between indoor substation and outdoor substation. Less because all the components are insulated.therefore clearance required between them is less. More as some components such as bus bar, O.H. line are not insulated hence clearance between them is more. More because additional building construction is required. CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING OF RVDT (ROTARY VARIABLE Construction. The basic construction of RVDT is shown in above fig. The RVDT consists of one primary winding and two secondary windings. The emf induced in the secondary winding is a function of rotary displacement. The both secondary windings are placed in such a way to produce emf 180 degree out of phase to each other. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SCR AND TRIAC SCR stands for silicon controlled rectifier. TRIAC stands for triode for alternating current. The SCR is unidirectional device. The TRIAC is bidirectional device. It available in large ratings. It available in smaller ratings. The SCR control DC power. The TRIAC control DC as well as AC power. The SCR can be triggered by positive gate voltageonly.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN STATIC RELAYS AND Difference between static relays and electromagnetic relays. No moving contacts. So, No problem of Arcing No needs to replace contacts. Moving contacts are present. Problem like Arcing, Replacement of contacts is necessary. No effect of Gravity on operation of static relay. Gravitational force can affect the relay. CAPACITOR TESTING WITH OHMMETER Capacitor testing with ohmmeter. Three capacitor defects are detectable with an ohmmeter are short, open and partial short. If the capacitor is in a ciruit, it must be separated by disconnecting one lead. The shorted capacitor has a dilectric breakdown. When this condition is there, the ohmmeter will show a steady-zero reading. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF TRIAC There are some advantages of TRIAC which are given below, The TRIAC need single fuse for protection. It can be triggered with positive or negative polarities of gate pulses. A safe breakdown in either direction is possible but for SCR protection should be given with parallel diode. It needs only a single heat sink of slightly largersize where
CLASSIFICATION OF AMPLIFIERS The amplifiers are may be classified as under, According to input signal. Small signal amplifier. Large signal amplifier. According to coupling methods. Inductance coupled (LC) amplifier. Resistance capacitance (RC) coupled amplifier. Transformer coupled (LC) coupled amplifier. Direct couple (DC) amplifier. MICROPROCESSOR BASED OVERCURRENT RELAY Microprocessor Based Overcurrent Relay. Current is taken from C.T. and given to I to V converter because many electronics circuit require voltage signal for operation. The A.C. voltage is converted into D.C. voltage by using rectifier. This D.C. voltage is proportional to load current only. The output of rectifier is given to Multiplexer. MOISTURE CONTENT AND MOISTURE REGAIN Moisture Content (M) = Weight of Water / Total weight of material x 100. Moisture Regain (R): It is defined as the weight of water in a material expressed a percentage of the oven dry weight of the material. Moisture Regain (R) = Weight of Water / Oven dry weight of the material x 100. The temperature of the oven dryer should be 105*± 3*c.
WHAT ARE STRUCTURAL GLAZING? Nowadays in structural glazing; the glass cladding works is preferably adopted in building construction since it fulfills the variations functional requirements of building such as lighting heat retention etc. with visual impact creation.; Structural glazing systems, in their simplest form, are types of curtain wall systems consisting of glass that is bonded or anchored back to a structure ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF RTD (RESISTANCE Advantages: There are some advantages of RTD (resistance temperature detector) which are given below,. The RTD can be easily installed and replaced. It is available in wide range. The RTD can be used to measure differential temperature. CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING OF RVDT (ROTARY VARIABLE Construction. The basic construction of RVDT is shown in above fig. The RVDT consists of one primary winding and two secondary windings. The emf induced in the secondary winding is a function of rotary displacement. The both secondary windings are placed in such a way to produce emf 180 degree out of phase to each other. ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS OF ROTAMETER There are some advantages of rotameter which are given below. The cost of rotameter is low. It provides linear scale. It has good accuracy for low and medium flow rates. The pressure loss is nearly constant and small. Usability for corrosive fluid. ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS OF FREQUENCY Advantages: There are some advantages of frequency division multiplexing(FDM) which are given below, . It does not need synchronization between its transmitter and receiver. Frequency division multiplexing (FDM) is simpler and easy demodulation. Due to CAPACITOR TESTING WITH OHMMETER Capacitor testing with ohmmeter. Three capacitor defects are detectable with an ohmmeter are short, open and partial short. If the capacitor is in a ciruit, it must be separated by disconnecting one lead. The shorted capacitor has a dilectric breakdown. When this condition is there, the ohmmeter will show a steady-zero reading. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF TRIAC There are some advantages of TRIAC which are given below, The TRIAC need single fuse for protection. It can be triggered with positive or negative polarities of gate pulses. A safe breakdown in either direction is possible but for SCR protection should be given with parallel diode. It needs only a single heat sink of slightly largersize where
CLASSIFICATION OF AMPLIFIERS The amplifiers are may be classified as under, According to input signal. Small signal amplifier. Large signal amplifier. According to coupling methods. Inductance coupled (LC) amplifier. Resistance capacitance (RC) coupled amplifier. Transformer coupled (LC) coupled amplifier. Direct couple (DC) amplifier. MICROPROCESSOR BASED OVERCURRENT RELAY Microprocessor Based Overcurrent Relay. Current is taken from C.T. and given to I to V converter because many electronics circuit require voltage signal for operation. The A.C. voltage is converted into D.C. voltage by using rectifier. This D.C. voltage is proportional to load current only. The output of rectifier is given to Multiplexer. MOISTURE CONTENT AND MOISTURE REGAIN Moisture Content (M) = Weight of Water / Total weight of material x 100. Moisture Regain (R): It is defined as the weight of water in a material expressed a percentage of the oven dry weight of the material. Moisture Regain (R) = Weight of Water / Oven dry weight of the material x 100. The temperature of the oven dryer should be 105*± 3*c.
WHAT ARE STRUCTURAL GLAZING? Nowadays in structural glazing; the glass cladding works is preferably adopted in building construction since it fulfills the variations functional requirements of building such as lighting heat retention etc. with visual impact creation.; Structural glazing systems, in their simplest form, are types of curtain wall systems consisting of glass that is bonded or anchored back to a structure ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF RTD (RESISTANCE Advantages: There are some advantages of RTD (resistance temperature detector) which are given below,. The RTD can be easily installed and replaced. It is available in wide range. The RTD can be used to measure differential temperature. CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING OF RVDT (ROTARY VARIABLE Construction. The basic construction of RVDT is shown in above fig. The RVDT consists of one primary winding and two secondary windings. The emf induced in the secondary winding is a function of rotary displacement. The both secondary windings are placed in such a way to produce emf 180 degree out of phase to each other. ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS OF ROTAMETER There are some advantages of rotameter which are given below. The cost of rotameter is low. It provides linear scale. It has good accuracy for low and medium flow rates. The pressure loss is nearly constant and small. Usability for corrosive fluid. ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS OF FREQUENCY Advantages: There are some advantages of frequency division multiplexing(FDM) which are given below, . It does not need synchronization between its transmitter and receiver. Frequency division multiplexing (FDM) is simpler and easy demodulation. Due to ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THERMAL POWER PLANT Disadvantages of thermal power plant are: The running cost of thermal power station is more as compared to hydro power station. It pollutes the atmosphere due to production of large amount of smoke and fumes. Maintenance cost is more. Skilled persons are required for erecting and maintaining the power station. COMPARE BETWEEN INDOOR SUBSTATION AND Compare between indoor substation and outdoor substation. Less because all the components are insulated.therefore clearance required between them is less. More as some components such as bus bar, O.H. line are not insulated hence clearance between them is more. More because additional building construction is required. ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS OF ROTAMETER There are some advantages of rotameter which are given below. The cost of rotameter is low. It provides linear scale. It has good accuracy for low and medium flow rates. The pressure loss is nearly constant and small. Usability for corrosive fluid. CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING OF RVDT (ROTARY VARIABLE Construction. The basic construction of RVDT is shown in above fig. The RVDT consists of one primary winding and two secondary windings. The emf induced in the secondary winding is a function of rotary displacement. The both secondary windings are placed in such a way to produce emf 180 degree out of phase to each other. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF SOLAR ENERGY PLANT Solar energy plant. A photovoltaic cell is the basic that converts solar radiation into electricity PY cell can be either circular in construction or square. Cells are arranged in a frame to a module, modules put together from a panel. Many panels ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF CONTROLLER AREA NETWORK The controller area network (CAN) reduces wiring since it is a distributed control and this ensures enhancing of the system performance. It has single serial bidirectional line to achieve half duplex communication. It has standard bus in distributed network. It cost is low and lightweight network. It has automatic retransmissionfor message
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SCR AND TRIAC SCR stands for silicon controlled rectifier. TRIAC stands for triode for alternating current. The SCR is unidirectional device. The TRIAC is bidirectional device. It available in large ratings. It available in smaller ratings. The SCR control DC power. The TRIAC control DC as well as AC power. The SCR can be triggered by positive gate voltageonly.
WHAT ARE VISCOSITY AND VISCOSITY INDEX What are viscosity and viscosity index. Viscosity is the measure of internal resistance to motion of a fluid due to cohesion between its own molecules it is measured in mill poise and centipoises. The viscosity of lubricants is measured by standard instruments like redwood, Engler or saybolt viscometers. If the viscosity of thelubricants is
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN STATIC RELAYS AND Difference between static relays and electromagnetic relays. No moving contacts. So, No problem of Arcing No needs to replace contacts. Moving contacts are present. Problem like Arcing, Replacement of contacts is necessary. No effect of Gravity on operation of static relay. Gravitational force can affect the relay. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RADIATION PYROMETER AND OPTICAL There is difference between radiation pyrometer and optical pyrometer is given below. Radiation pyrometer Optical pyrometer Temperature isdirect measured
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