HOME | PHYSICS IN A NUTSHELLSOLID STATE PHYSICS 5 CHAPTERS 12 ARTICLESOPTICS 1 CHAPTER 5 ARTICLES The website »Physics in a nutshell« was created in order to provide a free online educational resource for learning physics at university level. More. Course list ENERGY, POWER AND RADIATION FLUX Power/Radiation Flux. In many situations it is more interesting to consider the rate at which energy is transferred per time t t. The corresponding quantity is called power P:= dQ dt (2) (2) P := d Q d t and has dimensions of energy per time ( = J s -1 = W ). When speaking about radiant power that is emitted by, passing through or

incident

LATTICE, BASIS AND CRYSTAL LINEAR ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS CLOSE PACKED STRUCTURES: FCC AND HCP THE RECIPROCAL LATTICE SYMMETRY, CRYSTAL SYSTEMS AND BRAVAIS LATTICES DIFFERENT FORMULATIONS OF PLANCK'S LAW M = πL M = π L. spatial power density. energy density. u = 4π c L = 4 c M u = 4 π c L = 4 c M. spatial energy density. Overview of different radiometric quantities that can be used to characterise black body radiation. In the case of isotropic radiance, these are equivalent and differ only by a BODY CENTERED CUBIC (BCC)

DIAMOND STRUCTURE

Diamond Structure. 1. Coordination number. 2. Packing Density. 3. Conventional Unit Cell. In this article we will have a look at the crystal structure which is formed by many elements of the 4th main group of the periodic table. Besides carbon these are germanium and silicon which are both very important for semiconductor physics. HOME | PHYSICS IN A NUTSHELLSOLID STATE PHYSICS 5 CHAPTERS 12 ARTICLESOPTICS 1 CHAPTER 5 ARTICLES The website »Physics in a nutshell« was created in order to provide a free online educational resource for learning physics at university level. More. Course list ENERGY, POWER AND RADIATION FLUX Power/Radiation Flux. In many situations it is more interesting to consider the rate at which energy is transferred per time t t. The corresponding quantity is called power P:= dQ dt (2) (2) P := d Q d t and has dimensions of energy per time ( = J s -1 = W ). When speaking about radiant power that is emitted by, passing through or

incident

LATTICE, BASIS AND CRYSTAL LINEAR ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS CLOSE PACKED STRUCTURES: FCC AND HCP THE RECIPROCAL LATTICE SYMMETRY, CRYSTAL SYSTEMS AND BRAVAIS LATTICES DIFFERENT FORMULATIONS OF PLANCK'S LAW M = πL M = π L. spatial power density. energy density. u = 4π c L = 4 c M u = 4 π c L = 4 c M. spatial energy density. Overview of different radiometric quantities that can be used to characterise black body radiation. In the case of isotropic radiance, these are equivalent and differ only by a BODY CENTERED CUBIC (BCC)

DIAMOND STRUCTURE

Diamond Structure. 1. Coordination number. 2. Packing Density. 3. Conventional Unit Cell. In this article we will have a look at the crystal structure which is formed by many elements of the 4th main group of the periodic table. Besides carbon these are germanium and silicon which are both very important for semiconductor physics. ABOUT | PHYSICS IN A NUTSHELL Physics in a nutshell. About About the project. The project »Physics in a nutshell« was founded in 2014 with the intention to provide a new online educational resource for learning physics at university level.. The contents are organised in a way which allows both a structured self-study of connected groups of topics as well as the usage of the website as an encyclopaedia for quick reference. OVERVIEW AND CLASSIFICATION Definition of a Solid. Solid State Physics deals - as the name already implies - with the physical properties of solid materials. A material is referred to as solid if it is composed of a larger number ($\propto 10^{23}$) of smallest constituents (atoms, molecules, ) which are in fixed positions and very tightly packed with a strong mutual

attraction.

ATOMIC ORBITALS

The aim of this chapter is to understand the various bonds acting between atoms and molecules. This is however not possible without some knowledge about the atomic structure. INTRODUCTION TO COMPLEX NUMBERS Definitions. Complex numbers are an extension of the real numbers. A general complex number z ∈ C z ∈ C (where C C denotes the set of all complex numbers } can be written in the form z = x+ iy x,y ∈ R. (1) (1) z = x + i y x, y ∈ R. The symbol i i is the so-called imaginary unit and is defined by the property i2:= −1 i SIMPLE HARMONIC OSCILLATOR Setup of a simple harmonic oscillator: A particle-like object of mass m m is attached to a spring system with spring constant k k. There is an equilibrium position where there is no net force acting on the mass m m. If the particle is however displaced from equilibrium, there is a restoring force f (x) = −kx f ( x) = − k x which tends to ROTATING FRAME OF REFERENCE The velocities in the inertial and rotating frame of reference are related by: →vin = →Ω × →r + →vrot. Thus, the two velocities →vrot and →vin differ by a term →Ω × →r which accounts for the relative motion of the coordinate systems which respect to each other. It

DIAMOND STRUCTURE

Diamond Structure. 1. Coordination number. 2. Packing Density. 3. Conventional Unit Cell. In this article we will have a look at the crystal structure which is formed by many elements of the 4th main group of the periodic table. Besides carbon these are germanium and silicon which are both very important for semiconductor physics.

WHAT IS RADIOMETRY?

The branch of physics that deals with the process of measuring radiation by means of physical devices is called radiometry as opposed to photometry which deals with how radiation is perceived by the human's eye. These two areas differ due to the fact that physical measurement devices are expected to be equally sensitive to all

wavelengths of

LOCAL PROPERTIES OF RADIATION The quantity radiance is a quantity that is characteristic for a specific point →r r → and a direction →θ θ →. It is defined as the amount of flux passing through a unit area A⊥ A ⊥ (centered at →r r → and aligned normal to →θ θ →) into a unit solid angle Ω Ω around the direction of →θ θ → . UNIT CELL, PRIMITIVE CELL AND WIGNER-SEITZ CELL 2D-construction of a Wigner-Seitz cell: One chooses any lattice point and draws connecting lines to its closest neighbours. In a second step one constructs the perpendicular bisectors of the connecting lines. The enclosed area is the Wigner-Seitz cell. It forms a unit cell, i.e. HOME | PHYSICS IN A NUTSHELLSOLID STATE PHYSICS 5 CHAPTERS 12 ARTICLESOPTICS 1 CHAPTER 5 ARTICLES The website »Physics in a nutshell« was created in order to provide a free online educational resource for learning physics at university level. More. Course list LATTICE, BASIS AND CRYSTAL ENERGY, POWER AND RADIATION FLUX Power/Radiation Flux. In many situations it is more interesting to consider the rate at which energy is transferred per time t t. The corresponding quantity is called power P:= dQ dt (2) (2) P := d Q d t and has dimensions of energy per time ( = J s -1 = W ). When speaking about radiant power that is emitted by, passing through or

incident

LINEAR ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS SYMMETRY, CRYSTAL SYSTEMS AND BRAVAIS LATTICES CLOSE PACKED STRUCTURES: FCC AND HCP THE RECIPROCAL LATTICE ROTATING FRAME OF REFERENCE SIMPLE HARMONIC OSCILLATOR Setup of a simple harmonic oscillator: A particle-like object of mass m m is attached to a spring system with spring constant k k. There is an equilibrium position where there is no net force acting on the mass m m. If the particle is however displaced from equilibrium, there is a restoring force f (x) = −kx f ( x) = − k x which tends to POLAR REPRESENTATION AND EULER'S FORMULA HOME | PHYSICS IN A NUTSHELLSOLID STATE PHYSICS 5 CHAPTERS 12 ARTICLESOPTICS 1 CHAPTER 5 ARTICLES The website »Physics in a nutshell« was created in order to provide a free online educational resource for learning physics at university level. More. Course list LATTICE, BASIS AND CRYSTAL ENERGY, POWER AND RADIATION FLUX Power/Radiation Flux. In many situations it is more interesting to consider the rate at which energy is transferred per time t t. The corresponding quantity is called power P:= dQ dt (2) (2) P := d Q d t and has dimensions of energy per time ( = J s -1 = W ). When speaking about radiant power that is emitted by, passing through or

incident

LINEAR ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS SYMMETRY, CRYSTAL SYSTEMS AND BRAVAIS LATTICES CLOSE PACKED STRUCTURES: FCC AND HCP THE RECIPROCAL LATTICE ROTATING FRAME OF REFERENCE SIMPLE HARMONIC OSCILLATOR Setup of a simple harmonic oscillator: A particle-like object of mass m m is attached to a spring system with spring constant k k. There is an equilibrium position where there is no net force acting on the mass m m. If the particle is however displaced from equilibrium, there is a restoring force f (x) = −kx f ( x) = − k x which tends to POLAR REPRESENTATION AND EULER'S FORMULA ABOUT | PHYSICS IN A NUTSHELL Physics in a nutshell. About About the project. The project »Physics in a nutshell« was founded in 2014 with the intention to provide a new online educational resource for learning physics at university level.. The contents are organised in a way which allows both a structured self-study of connected groups of topics as well as the usage of the website as an encyclopaedia for quick reference. OVERVIEW AND CLASSIFICATION Definition of a Solid. Solid State Physics deals - as the name already implies - with the physical properties of solid materials. A material is referred to as solid if it is composed of a larger number ($\propto 10^{23}$) of smallest constituents (atoms, molecules, ) which are in fixed positions and very tightly packed with a strong mutual

attraction.

CLOSE PACKED STRUCTURES: FCC AND HCP Packing Density. When the lattice points are inflated gradually, at some point they start to touch each other along the diagonals of the faces of the cube. One can now interpret them as close packed spheres with a radius defined geometrically by 4r = √2a 4 r = 2 a ⇔ r = √2 4 a ⇔ r = 2 4 a. The packing density ϱ ϱ is the ratio of the

ATOMIC ORBITALS

The aim of this chapter is to understand the various bonds acting between atoms and molecules. This is however not possible without some knowledge about the atomic structure. DIFFERENT FORMULATIONS OF PLANCK'S LAW M = πL M = π L. spatial power density. energy density. u = 4π c L = 4 c M u = 4 π c L = 4 c M. spatial energy density. Overview of different radiometric quantities that can be used to characterise black body radiation. In the case of isotropic radiance, these are equivalent and differ only by a BODY CENTERED CUBIC (BCC) Body Centered Cubic (bcc) 1. Coordination Number. 2. Packing Density. 3. Conventional Unit Cell. Besides the simple cubic (sc) and the face centered cubic (fcc) lattices there is another cubic Bravais lattice called b ody c entered c ubic ( bcc) lattice. Unlike the simple cubic lattice it has an additional lattice point located in the center of LOCAL PROPERTIES OF RADIATION The quantity radiance is a quantity that is characteristic for a specific point →r r → and a direction →θ θ →. It is defined as the amount of flux passing through a unit area A⊥ A ⊥ (centered at →r r → and aligned normal to →θ θ →) into a unit solid angle Ω Ω around the direction of →θ θ → .

DIAMOND STRUCTURE

Diamond Structure. 1. Coordination number. 2. Packing Density. 3. Conventional Unit Cell. In this article we will have a look at the crystal structure which is formed by many elements of the 4th main group of the periodic table. Besides carbon these are germanium and silicon which are both very important for semiconductor physics.

WHAT IS RADIOMETRY?

The branch of physics that deals with the process of measuring radiation by means of physical devices is called radiometry as opposed to photometry which deals with how radiation is perceived by the human's eye. These two areas differ due to the fact that physical measurement devices are expected to be equally sensitive to all

wavelengths of

UNIT CELL, PRIMITIVE CELL AND WIGNER-SEITZ CELL 2D-construction of a Wigner-Seitz cell: One chooses any lattice point and draws connecting lines to its closest neighbours. In a second step one constructs the perpendicular bisectors of the connecting lines. The enclosed area is the Wigner-Seitz cell. It forms a unit cell, i.e. HOME | PHYSICS IN A NUTSHELLSOLID STATE PHYSICS 5 CHAPTERS 12 ARTICLESOPTICS 1 CHAPTER 5 ARTICLES The website »Physics in a nutshell« was created in order to provide a free online educational resource for learning physics at university level. More. Course list LATTICE, BASIS AND CRYSTAL ENERGY, POWER AND RADIATION FLUX Power/Radiation Flux. In many situations it is more interesting to consider the rate at which energy is transferred per time t t. The corresponding quantity is called power P:= dQ dt (2) (2) P := d Q d t and has dimensions of energy per time ( = J s -1 = W ). When speaking about radiant power that is emitted by, passing through or

incident

LINEAR ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS CLOSE PACKED STRUCTURES: FCC AND HCP SYMMETRY, CRYSTAL SYSTEMS AND BRAVAIS LATTICES THE RECIPROCAL LATTICE ROTATING FRAME OF REFERENCE SIMPLE HARMONIC OSCILLATOR Setup of a simple harmonic oscillator: A particle-like object of mass m m is attached to a spring system with spring constant k k. There is an equilibrium position where there is no net force acting on the mass m m. If the particle is however displaced from equilibrium, there is a restoring force f (x) = −kx f ( x) = − k x which tends to POLAR REPRESENTATION AND EULER'S FORMULA HOME | PHYSICS IN A NUTSHELLSOLID STATE PHYSICS 5 CHAPTERS 12 ARTICLESOPTICS 1 CHAPTER 5 ARTICLES The website »Physics in a nutshell« was created in order to provide a free online educational resource for learning physics at university level. More. Course list LATTICE, BASIS AND CRYSTAL ENERGY, POWER AND RADIATION FLUX Power/Radiation Flux. In many situations it is more interesting to consider the rate at which energy is transferred per time t t. The corresponding quantity is called power P:= dQ dt (2) (2) P := d Q d t and has dimensions of energy per time ( = J s -1 = W ). When speaking about radiant power that is emitted by, passing through or

incident

LINEAR ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS CLOSE PACKED STRUCTURES: FCC AND HCP SYMMETRY, CRYSTAL SYSTEMS AND BRAVAIS LATTICES THE RECIPROCAL LATTICE ROTATING FRAME OF REFERENCE SIMPLE HARMONIC OSCILLATOR Setup of a simple harmonic oscillator: A particle-like object of mass m m is attached to a spring system with spring constant k k. There is an equilibrium position where there is no net force acting on the mass m m. If the particle is however displaced from equilibrium, there is a restoring force f (x) = −kx f ( x) = − k x which tends to POLAR REPRESENTATION AND EULER'S FORMULA ABOUT | PHYSICS IN A NUTSHELL Physics in a nutshell. About About the project. The project »Physics in a nutshell« was founded in 2014 with the intention to provide a new online educational resource for learning physics at university level.. The contents are organised in a way which allows both a structured self-study of connected groups of topics as well as the usage of the website as an encyclopaedia for quick reference. OVERVIEW AND CLASSIFICATION Definition of a Solid. Solid State Physics deals - as the name already implies - with the physical properties of solid materials. A material is referred to as solid if it is composed of a larger number ($\propto 10^{23}$) of smallest constituents (atoms, molecules, ) which are in fixed positions and very tightly packed with a strong mutual

attraction.

CLOSE PACKED STRUCTURES: FCC AND HCP Packing Density. When the lattice points are inflated gradually, at some point they start to touch each other along the diagonals of the faces of the cube. One can now interpret them as close packed spheres with a radius defined geometrically by 4r = √2a 4 r = 2 a ⇔ r = √2 4 a ⇔ r = 2 4 a. The packing density ϱ ϱ is the ratio of the

ATOMIC ORBITALS

The aim of this chapter is to understand the various bonds acting between atoms and molecules. This is however not possible without some knowledge about the atomic structure. DIFFERENT FORMULATIONS OF PLANCK'S LAW M = πL M = π L. spatial power density. energy density. u = 4π c L = 4 c M u = 4 π c L = 4 c M. spatial energy density. Overview of different radiometric quantities that can be used to characterise black body radiation. In the case of isotropic radiance, these are equivalent and differ only by a BODY CENTERED CUBIC (BCC) Body Centered Cubic (bcc) 1. Coordination Number. 2. Packing Density. 3. Conventional Unit Cell. Besides the simple cubic (sc) and the face centered cubic (fcc) lattices there is another cubic Bravais lattice called b ody c entered c ubic ( bcc) lattice. Unlike the simple cubic lattice it has an additional lattice point located in the center of

DIAMOND STRUCTURE

Diamond Structure. 1. Coordination number. 2. Packing Density. 3. Conventional Unit Cell. In this article we will have a look at the crystal structure which is formed by many elements of the 4th main group of the periodic table. Besides carbon these are germanium and silicon which are both very important for semiconductor physics. LOCAL PROPERTIES OF RADIATION The quantity radiance is a quantity that is characteristic for a specific point →r r → and a direction →θ θ →. It is defined as the amount of flux passing through a unit area A⊥ A ⊥ (centered at →r r → and aligned normal to →θ θ →) into a unit solid angle Ω Ω around the direction of →θ θ → . UNIT CELL, PRIMITIVE CELL AND WIGNER-SEITZ CELL 2D-construction of a Wigner-Seitz cell: One chooses any lattice point and draws connecting lines to its closest neighbours. In a second step one constructs the perpendicular bisectors of the connecting lines. The enclosed area is the Wigner-Seitz cell. It forms a unit cell, i.e.

WHAT IS RADIOMETRY?

The branch of physics that deals with the process of measuring radiation by means of physical devices is called radiometry as opposed to photometry which deals with how radiation is perceived by the human's eye. These two areas differ due to the fact that physical measurement devices are expected to be equally sensitive to all

wavelengths of

HOME | PHYSICS IN A NUTSHELLSOLID STATE PHYSICS 5 CHAPTERS 12 ARTICLESOPTICS 1 CHAPTER 5 ARTICLES The website »Physics in a nutshell« was created in order to provide a free online educational resource for learning physics at university level. More. Course list ENERGY, POWER AND RADIATION FLUX Power/Radiation Flux. In many situations it is more interesting to consider the rate at which energy is transferred per time t t. The corresponding quantity is called power P:= dQ dt (2) (2) P := d Q d t and has dimensions of energy per time ( = J s -1 = W ). When speaking about radiant power that is emitted by, passing through or

incident

LATTICE, BASIS AND CRYSTAL LINEAR ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS CLOSE PACKED STRUCTURES: FCC AND HCP THE RECIPROCAL LATTICE SYMMETRY, CRYSTAL SYSTEMS AND BRAVAIS LATTICES BODY CENTERED CUBIC (BCC)

DIAMOND STRUCTURE

Diamond Structure. 1. Coordination number. 2. Packing Density. 3. Conventional Unit Cell. In this article we will have a look at the crystal structure which is formed by many elements of the 4th main group of the periodic table. Besides carbon these are germanium and silicon which are both very important for semiconductor physics. UNIT CELL, PRIMITIVE CELL AND WIGNER-SEITZ CELL HOME | PHYSICS IN A NUTSHELLSOLID STATE PHYSICS 5 CHAPTERS 12 ARTICLESOPTICS 1 CHAPTER 5 ARTICLES The website »Physics in a nutshell« was created in order to provide a free online educational resource for learning physics at university level. More. Course list ENERGY, POWER AND RADIATION FLUX Power/Radiation Flux. In many situations it is more interesting to consider the rate at which energy is transferred per time t t. The corresponding quantity is called power P:= dQ dt (2) (2) P := d Q d t and has dimensions of energy per time ( = J s -1 = W ). When speaking about radiant power that is emitted by, passing through or

incident

LATTICE, BASIS AND CRYSTAL LINEAR ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS CLOSE PACKED STRUCTURES: FCC AND HCP THE RECIPROCAL LATTICE SYMMETRY, CRYSTAL SYSTEMS AND BRAVAIS LATTICES BODY CENTERED CUBIC (BCC)

DIAMOND STRUCTURE

Diamond Structure. 1. Coordination number. 2. Packing Density. 3. Conventional Unit Cell. In this article we will have a look at the crystal structure which is formed by many elements of the 4th main group of the periodic table. Besides carbon these are germanium and silicon which are both very important for semiconductor physics. UNIT CELL, PRIMITIVE CELL AND WIGNER-SEITZ CELL ABOUT | PHYSICS IN A NUTSHELL Physics in a nutshell. About About the project. The project »Physics in a nutshell« was founded in 2014 with the intention to provide a new online educational resource for learning physics at university level.. The contents are organised in a way which allows both a structured self-study of connected groups of topics as well as the usage of the website as an encyclopaedia for quick reference. OVERVIEW AND CLASSIFICATION Definition of a Solid. Solid State Physics deals - as the name already implies - with the physical properties of solid materials. A material is referred to as solid if it is composed of a larger number ($\propto 10^{23}$) of smallest constituents (atoms, molecules, ) which are in fixed positions and very tightly packed with a strong mutual

attraction.

ATOMIC ORBITALS

The aim of this chapter is to understand the various bonds acting between atoms and molecules. This is however not possible without some knowledge about the atomic structure. DIFFERENT FORMULATIONS OF PLANCK'S LAW M = πL M = π L. spatial power density. energy density. u = 4π c L = 4 c M u = 4 π c L = 4 c M. spatial energy density. Overview of different radiometric quantities that can be used to characterise black body radiation. In the case of isotropic radiance, these are equivalent and differ only by a

DIAMOND STRUCTURE

Diamond Structure. 1. Coordination number. 2. Packing Density. 3. Conventional Unit Cell. In this article we will have a look at the crystal structure which is formed by many elements of the 4th main group of the periodic table. Besides carbon these are germanium and silicon which are both very important for semiconductor physics. ROTATING FRAME OF REFERENCE The velocities in the inertial and rotating frame of reference are related by: →vin = →Ω × →r + →vrot. Thus, the two velocities →vrot and →vin differ by a term →Ω × →r which accounts for the relative motion of the coordinate systems which respect to each other. It INTRODUCTION TO COMPLEX NUMBERS Definitions. Complex numbers are an extension of the real numbers. A general complex number z ∈ C z ∈ C (where C C denotes the set of all complex numbers } can be written in the form z = x+ iy x,y ∈ R. (1) (1) z = x + i y x, y ∈ R. The symbol i i is the so-called imaginary unit and is defined by the property i2:= −1 i SIMPLE HARMONIC OSCILLATOR Setup of a simple harmonic oscillator: A particle-like object of mass m m is attached to a spring system with spring constant k k. There is an equilibrium position where there is no net force acting on the mass m m. If the particle is however displaced from equilibrium, there is a restoring force f (x) = −kx f ( x) = − k x which tends to LOCAL PROPERTIES OF RADIATION The quantity radiance is a quantity that is characteristic for a specific point →r r → and a direction →θ θ →. It is defined as the amount of flux passing through a unit area A⊥ A ⊥ (centered at →r r → and aligned normal to →θ θ →) into a unit solid angle Ω Ω around the direction of →θ θ → .

WHAT IS RADIOMETRY?

The branch of physics that deals with the process of measuring radiation by means of physical devices is called radiometry as opposed to photometry which deals with how radiation is perceived by the human's eye. These two areas differ due to the fact that physical measurement devices are expected to be equally sensitive to all

wavelengths of

HOME | PHYSICS IN A NUTSHELLSOLID STATE PHYSICS 5 CHAPTERS 12 ARTICLESOPTICS 1 CHAPTER 5 ARTICLES The website »Physics in a nutshell« was created in order to provide a free online educational resource for learning physics at university level. More. Course list ENERGY, POWER AND RADIATION FLUX Power/Radiation Flux. In many situations it is more interesting to consider the rate at which energy is transferred per time t t. The corresponding quantity is called power P:= dQ dt (2) (2) P := d Q d t and has dimensions of energy per time ( = J s -1 = W ). When speaking about radiant power that is emitted by, passing through or

incident

LATTICE, BASIS AND CRYSTAL LINEAR ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS CLOSE PACKED STRUCTURES: FCC AND HCP THE RECIPROCAL LATTICE SYMMETRY, CRYSTAL SYSTEMS AND BRAVAIS LATTICES BODY CENTERED CUBIC (BCC)

DIAMOND STRUCTURE

Diamond Structure. 1. Coordination number. 2. Packing Density. 3. Conventional Unit Cell. In this article we will have a look at the crystal structure which is formed by many elements of the 4th main group of the periodic table. Besides carbon these are germanium and silicon which are both very important for semiconductor physics. UNIT CELL, PRIMITIVE CELL AND WIGNER-SEITZ CELL HOME | PHYSICS IN A NUTSHELLSOLID STATE PHYSICS 5 CHAPTERS 12 ARTICLESOPTICS 1 CHAPTER 5 ARTICLES The website »Physics in a nutshell« was created in order to provide a free online educational resource for learning physics at university level. More. Course list ENERGY, POWER AND RADIATION FLUX Power/Radiation Flux. In many situations it is more interesting to consider the rate at which energy is transferred per time t t. The corresponding quantity is called power P:= dQ dt (2) (2) P := d Q d t and has dimensions of energy per time ( = J s -1 = W ). When speaking about radiant power that is emitted by, passing through or

incident

LATTICE, BASIS AND CRYSTAL LINEAR ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS CLOSE PACKED STRUCTURES: FCC AND HCP THE RECIPROCAL LATTICE SYMMETRY, CRYSTAL SYSTEMS AND BRAVAIS LATTICES BODY CENTERED CUBIC (BCC)

DIAMOND STRUCTURE

Diamond Structure. 1. Coordination number. 2. Packing Density. 3. Conventional Unit Cell. In this article we will have a look at the crystal structure which is formed by many elements of the 4th main group of the periodic table. Besides carbon these are germanium and silicon which are both very important for semiconductor physics. UNIT CELL, PRIMITIVE CELL AND WIGNER-SEITZ CELL ABOUT | PHYSICS IN A NUTSHELL Physics in a nutshell. About About the project. The project »Physics in a nutshell« was founded in 2014 with the intention to provide a new online educational resource for learning physics at university level.. The contents are organised in a way which allows both a structured self-study of connected groups of topics as well as the usage of the website as an encyclopaedia for quick reference. OVERVIEW AND CLASSIFICATION Definition of a Solid. Solid State Physics deals - as the name already implies - with the physical properties of solid materials. A material is referred to as solid if it is composed of a larger number ($\propto 10^{23}$) of smallest constituents (atoms, molecules, ) which are in fixed positions and very tightly packed with a strong mutual

attraction.

ATOMIC ORBITALS

The aim of this chapter is to understand the various bonds acting between atoms and molecules. This is however not possible without some knowledge about the atomic structure. DIFFERENT FORMULATIONS OF PLANCK'S LAW M = πL M = π L. spatial power density. energy density. u = 4π c L = 4 c M u = 4 π c L = 4 c M. spatial energy density. Overview of different radiometric quantities that can be used to characterise black body radiation. In the case of isotropic radiance, these are equivalent and differ only by a

DIAMOND STRUCTURE

Diamond Structure. 1. Coordination number. 2. Packing Density. 3. Conventional Unit Cell. In this article we will have a look at the crystal structure which is formed by many elements of the 4th main group of the periodic table. Besides carbon these are germanium and silicon which are both very important for semiconductor physics. ROTATING FRAME OF REFERENCE The velocities in the inertial and rotating frame of reference are related by: →vin = →Ω × →r + →vrot. Thus, the two velocities →vrot and →vin differ by a term →Ω × →r which accounts for the relative motion of the coordinate systems which respect to each other. It INTRODUCTION TO COMPLEX NUMBERS Definitions. Complex numbers are an extension of the real numbers. A general complex number z ∈ C z ∈ C (where C C denotes the set of all complex numbers } can be written in the form z = x+ iy x,y ∈ R. (1) (1) z = x + i y x, y ∈ R. The symbol i i is the so-called imaginary unit and is defined by the property i2:= −1 i SIMPLE HARMONIC OSCILLATOR Setup of a simple harmonic oscillator: A particle-like object of mass m m is attached to a spring system with spring constant k k. There is an equilibrium position where there is no net force acting on the mass m m. If the particle is however displaced from equilibrium, there is a restoring force f (x) = −kx f ( x) = − k x which tends to LOCAL PROPERTIES OF RADIATION The quantity radiance is a quantity that is characteristic for a specific point →r r → and a direction →θ θ →. It is defined as the amount of flux passing through a unit area A⊥ A ⊥ (centered at →r r → and aligned normal to →θ θ →) into a unit solid angle Ω Ω around the direction of →θ θ → .

WHAT IS RADIOMETRY?

The branch of physics that deals with the process of measuring radiation by means of physical devices is called radiometry as opposed to photometry which deals with how radiation is perceived by the human's eye. These two areas differ due to the fact that physical measurement devices are expected to be equally sensitive to all

wavelengths of

HOME | PHYSICS IN A NUTSHELLSOLID STATE PHYSICS 5 CHAPTERS 12 ARTICLESOPTICS 1 CHAPTER 5 ARTICLES The website »Physics in a nutshell« was created in order to provide a free online educational resource for learning physics at university level. More. Course list LATTICE, BASIS AND CRYSTAL ENERGY, POWER AND RADIATION FLUX Power/Radiation Flux. In many situations it is more interesting to consider the rate at which energy is transferred per time t t. The corresponding quantity is called power P:= dQ dt (2) (2) P := d Q d t and has dimensions of energy per time ( = J s -1 = W ). When speaking about radiant power that is emitted by, passing through or

incident

LINEAR ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS CLOSE PACKED STRUCTURES: FCC AND HCP THE RECIPROCAL LATTICE SYMMETRY, CRYSTAL SYSTEMS AND BRAVAIS LATTICES SIMPLE HARMONIC OSCILLATOR Setup of a simple harmonic oscillator: A particle-like object of mass m m is attached to a spring system with spring constant k k. There is an equilibrium position where there is no net force acting on the mass m m. If the particle is however displaced from equilibrium, there is a restoring force f (x) = −kx f ( x) = − k x which tends to ROTATING FRAME OF REFERENCE DIFFERENT FORMULATIONS OF PLANCK'S LAW M = πL M = π L. spatial power density. energy density. u = 4π c L = 4 c M u = 4 π c L = 4 c M. spatial energy density. Overview of different radiometric quantities that can be used to characterise black body radiation. In the case of isotropic radiance, these are equivalent and differ only by a HOME | PHYSICS IN A NUTSHELLSOLID STATE PHYSICS 5 CHAPTERS 12 ARTICLESOPTICS 1 CHAPTER 5 ARTICLES The website »Physics in a nutshell« was created in order to provide a free online educational resource for learning physics at university level. More. Course list LATTICE, BASIS AND CRYSTAL ENERGY, POWER AND RADIATION FLUX Power/Radiation Flux. In many situations it is more interesting to consider the rate at which energy is transferred per time t t. The corresponding quantity is called power P:= dQ dt (2) (2) P := d Q d t and has dimensions of energy per time ( = J s -1 = W ). When speaking about radiant power that is emitted by, passing through or

incident

LINEAR ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS CLOSE PACKED STRUCTURES: FCC AND HCP THE RECIPROCAL LATTICE SYMMETRY, CRYSTAL SYSTEMS AND BRAVAIS LATTICES SIMPLE HARMONIC OSCILLATOR Setup of a simple harmonic oscillator: A particle-like object of mass m m is attached to a spring system with spring constant k k. There is an equilibrium position where there is no net force acting on the mass m m. If the particle is however displaced from equilibrium, there is a restoring force f (x) = −kx f ( x) = − k x which tends to ROTATING FRAME OF REFERENCE DIFFERENT FORMULATIONS OF PLANCK'S LAW M = πL M = π L. spatial power density. energy density. u = 4π c L = 4 c M u = 4 π c L = 4 c M. spatial energy density. Overview of different radiometric quantities that can be used to characterise black body radiation. In the case of isotropic radiance, these are equivalent and differ only by a

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MATHEMATICAL METHODS

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