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PARENTING SCIENCE
PARENTING FOR THE SCIENCE-MINDED -- by Gwen Dewar, Ph.D. Founded by an evolutionary anthropologist, this parenting resource is for critical thinkers -- people who want to understand child development from the perspectives of psychology, anthropology, evolution, and cognitive neuroscience. I’ve got opinions. But who cares? BEDTIME FADING: AN EVIDENCE-BASED, STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE Bedtime fading is a gentle, "no cry" technique for re-aligning your child's internal clock with the bedtime you desire. You start by asking your child to go to bed late -- late enough that your child experiences a powerful physiological urge to sleep. Then, over multiple days, you gradually adjust your child's schedule, until yourchild is
NEWBORN COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT: WHAT ARE BABIES THINKING During the first few weeks after birth, it might seem that your baby does little more than sleep, cry, and feed. But research tells us that there is much more going on. The newborn brain is busy processing information, searching for patterns, and learning. Here's a fascinating look at newborn cognitive development, covering five majortopics:
MOTOR MILESTONES: HOW DO BABIES DEVELOP DURING THE FIRST Fine motor control and tool use. By 8 to 10 months, most babies can show off fine motor skills. They are developing the ability to grasp small objects between the thumb and index finger. Babies are usually able to drink from a cup, and they are figuring out how to eat with a spoon. But their attempts are awkward. WHY KIDS NEED DAYLIGHT TO THRIVE AND LEARN: THE BENEFITS You've probably noticed that bright light has a cheering effect. It improves mood (Leichtfried et al 2015; Gabel et al 2013; Te Kulve et al 2017), and studies show that bright light therapy is an effective treatment for depression (Maruani and Geoffroy 2019).. 2. Daily exposure to very bright light (e.g., 15,000 lux or higher) might protect kids from developing near-sightedness. HOW TO START BABIES ON SOLID FOOD: AN EVIDENCE-BASED GUIDE When to start solids depends on your baby’s developmental skills, and on whether or not you want to offer your baby finger foods. These evidence-based tips explain how to start babies on solid food, what to expect, and how to cope with a baby’s negative reactions. PROBIOTICS FOR KIDS: A PARENT'S EVIDENCE-BASED GUIDE There is also evidence that some probiotics help fight infection, either because: • probiotics compete for space with harmful bacteria (i.e., they keep the growth of harmful bacteria in check) and/or. • probiotics stimulate the immune system in ways that help the body recognize pathogens (Humen et al 2005). WHEN DO BABIES CRAWL, AND HOW DOES CRAWLING DEVELOP When do babies crawl for the first time? Studies suggest that approximately 50% of babies begin crawling by 8 months. But some babies may start before 6 months, and others may not crawl until after 11 months, if ever. If your baby doesn't crawl, does that meansomething is wrong?
NEWBORN SLEEP PATTERNS: A SURVIVAL GUIDE Newborn sleep patterns take their toll on parents. In a study tracking the sleep patterns of mothers from pregnancy through the postpartum period, maternal sleep worsened after childbirth and continued to deteriorate until about 12 weeks postpartum (Kang et al 2002)—-the time when newborn sleep patterns begin to show marked circadian rhythms (Nishihara et al 2000). THE BENEFITS OF FANTASY FICTION AND IMAGINATIVE PLAY References: The benefits of fantasy fiction and imaginative play. Boerger EA. 2011. 'In fairy tales fairies can disappear': children's reasoning about the characteristics of humans and fantasy figures.PARENTING SCIENCE
PARENTING FOR THE SCIENCE-MINDED -- by Gwen Dewar, Ph.D. Founded by an evolutionary anthropologist, this parenting resource is for critical thinkers -- people who want to understand child development from the perspectives of psychology, anthropology, evolution, and cognitive neuroscience. I’ve got opinions. But who cares? BEDTIME FADING: AN EVIDENCE-BASED, STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE Bedtime fading is a gentle, "no cry" technique for re-aligning your child's internal clock with the bedtime you desire. You start by asking your child to go to bed late -- late enough that your child experiences a powerful physiological urge to sleep. Then, over multiple days, you gradually adjust your child's schedule, until yourchild is
NEWBORN COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT: WHAT ARE BABIES THINKING During the first few weeks after birth, it might seem that your baby does little more than sleep, cry, and feed. But research tells us that there is much more going on. The newborn brain is busy processing information, searching for patterns, and learning. Here's a fascinating look at newborn cognitive development, covering five majortopics:
MOTOR MILESTONES: HOW DO BABIES DEVELOP DURING THE FIRST Fine motor control and tool use. By 8 to 10 months, most babies can show off fine motor skills. They are developing the ability to grasp small objects between the thumb and index finger. Babies are usually able to drink from a cup, and they are figuring out how to eat with a spoon. But their attempts are awkward. WHY KIDS NEED DAYLIGHT TO THRIVE AND LEARN: THE BENEFITS You've probably noticed that bright light has a cheering effect. It improves mood (Leichtfried et al 2015; Gabel et al 2013; Te Kulve et al 2017), and studies show that bright light therapy is an effective treatment for depression (Maruani and Geoffroy 2019).. 2. Daily exposure to very bright light (e.g., 15,000 lux or higher) might protect kids from developing near-sightedness. HOW TO START BABIES ON SOLID FOOD: AN EVIDENCE-BASED GUIDE When to start solids depends on your baby’s developmental skills, and on whether or not you want to offer your baby finger foods. These evidence-based tips explain how to start babies on solid food, what to expect, and how to cope with a baby’s negative reactions. PROBIOTICS FOR KIDS: A PARENT'S EVIDENCE-BASED GUIDE There is also evidence that some probiotics help fight infection, either because: • probiotics compete for space with harmful bacteria (i.e., they keep the growth of harmful bacteria in check) and/or. • probiotics stimulate the immune system in ways that help the body recognize pathogens (Humen et al 2005). WHEN DO BABIES CRAWL, AND HOW DOES CRAWLING DEVELOP When do babies crawl for the first time? Studies suggest that approximately 50% of babies begin crawling by 8 months. But some babies may start before 6 months, and others may not crawl until after 11 months, if ever. If your baby doesn't crawl, does that meansomething is wrong?
NEWBORN SLEEP PATTERNS: A SURVIVAL GUIDE Newborn sleep patterns take their toll on parents. In a study tracking the sleep patterns of mothers from pregnancy through the postpartum period, maternal sleep worsened after childbirth and continued to deteriorate until about 12 weeks postpartum (Kang et al 2002)—-the time when newborn sleep patterns begin to show marked circadian rhythms (Nishihara et al 2000). THE BENEFITS OF FANTASY FICTION AND IMAGINATIVE PLAY References: The benefits of fantasy fiction and imaginative play. Boerger EA. 2011. 'In fairy tales fairies can disappear': children's reasoning about the characteristics of humans and fantasy figures.PARENTING SCIENCE
PARENTING FOR THE SCIENCE-MINDED -- by Gwen Dewar, Ph.D. Founded by an evolutionary anthropologist, this parenting resource is for critical thinkers -- people who want to understand child development from the perspectives of psychology, anthropology, evolution, and cognitive neuroscience. I’ve got opinions. But who cares? NEUROIMAGING AND YOUR CHILD'S BRAIN: A GUIDE FOR THE Neuroimaging is an exciting tool for understanding brain mechanisms. It enriches our understanding of the way brains process information. But it’s wrong to think that brain research is going to trump, or replace, more traditional approaches to understanding behavior. THE DIAPER ALARM: AN EFFECTIVE TOOL FOR TOILET TRAINING? diaper alarm-based training, or. timed potty training (putting the child on the potty at regularly-timed intervals) Observers rated the children’s toileting behavior at several points in time--before training began, two weeks after training ended, and one month later. The children in the diaper alarm group showed significantly betterprogress
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN ADULTS LIE TO CHILDREN? What happens when adults lie to children? The evidence suggests that kids become more dishonest with us, and not only that: When we make a practice of telling children lies, kids may be at a higher risk of developing aggressive and antisocial behavior problems. YOUR PICKY EATER: EVIDENCE-BASED TIPS FOR THE SCIENCE This suggests a way to get your picky eater to eat more greens: Serve steamed vegetables with your child's favorite condiment. 4. Expose your child to positive role models. Throughout the animal kingdom, social cues matter: Juveniles are more likely to eat foods if they see another individual eating them. DIGITAL CAMERAS FOR KIDS: COOL TOOLS AND WINDOWS INTO YOUR Digital cameras for kids have many uses. They give us the opportunity to see the world from our kids' perspectives. They are also useful learning tools--helping kids expand their vocabularies, hone their story-telling skills, and enrich their scientific investigations. Here I review some of the research about child photographers, and I offer NEWBORN SLEEP PATTERNS: A SURVIVAL GUIDE Newborn sleep patterns take their toll on parents. In a study tracking the sleep patterns of mothers from pregnancy through the postpartum period, maternal sleep worsened after childbirth and continued to deteriorate until about 12 weeks postpartum (Kang et al 2002)—-the time when newborn sleep patterns begin to show marked circadian rhythms (Nishihara et al 2000). THE SCIENCE OF PICKY EATERS: WHY DO CHILDREN REJECT FOODS Bitterness is a signal of potential toxicity, and kids—with their smaller bodies and less-developed capacities for detoxification—are more vulnerable to the effects of toxins. You might assume that the fruits, vegetables, and spices we eat are safe, but many common plant foods contain natural toxins. Indeed, biologists believe that many of WHEN DO BABIES START WALKING, AND HOW DOES IT DEVELOP When do babies start walking? In the United States today, the average age of independent walking is approximately 12 months. Researchers report similar timing for babies in a number of other countries, including Argentina, Ghana, India, Norway, Oman, South Africa, andTurkey.
BABY SLEEP DEPRIVATION: HOW TO TELL IF YOUR BABY ISN'T Pediatricians and experienced parents have noted these signs of "over-tiredness" in the very young: A noted lack of interest in people and the environment. A tendency to look away from stimulating things. Hand-to-face gestures: Pulling ears, rubbing eyes. Fluttering eyelids.PARENTING SCIENCE
PARENTING FOR THE SCIENCE-MINDED -- by Gwen Dewar, Ph.D. Founded by an evolutionary anthropologist, this parenting resource is for critical thinkers -- people who want to understand child development from the perspectives of psychology, anthropology, evolution, and cognitive neuroscience. I’ve got opinions. But who cares? INTELLIGENCE IN CHILDREN: CAN WE MAKE OUR KIDS SMARTER? Praising kids for being smart tends to make them act dumb. Even more interesting--at least to me--is the discovery that our beliefs about intelligence can hamper the learning process. People who are convinced that intelligence is a fixed, unchanging trait are less likely to learn from their mistakes and less likely to succeed in school. NEWBORN COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT: WHAT ARE BABIES THINKING During the first few weeks after birth, it might seem that your baby does little more than sleep, cry, and feed. But research tells us that there is much more going on. The newborn brain is busy processing information, searching for patterns, and learning. Here's a fascinating look at newborn cognitive development, covering five majortopics:
MOTOR MILESTONES: HOW DO BABIES DEVELOP DURING THE FIRST Fine motor control and tool use. By 8 to 10 months, most babies can show off fine motor skills. They are developing the ability to grasp small objects between the thumb and index finger. Babies are usually able to drink from a cup, and they are figuring out how to eat with a spoon. But their attempts are awkward. HOMESCHOOLING OUTCOMES: HOW DO THEY COMPARE? In 5 of 7 test areas, (word identification, phonic decoding, science, social science, humanities) structured homeschoolers were at least one grade level ahead of public schoolers. They were almost half a year ahead in math, and slightly, but not significantly, advanced in reading comprehension. But this is a relatively small study. WHY KIDS REBEL (AND WHAT WE CAN DO TO ENCOURAGE COOPERATION) By the age of 7, kids are often skilled enough to partially "pay their own way" in life. They participate in foraging, and contribute substantially to their own, daily energetic requirements (Bogin 2009). Throughout the "tween" and "teen" years, they learn the advanced stuff -- like big-game hunting, information about the local ecology, and how to create complex tools (Lew-Levy et al 2017). THE SCIENCE OF PICKY EATERS: WHY DO CHILDREN REJECT FOODS Bitterness is a signal of potential toxicity, and kids—with their smaller bodies and less-developed capacities for detoxification—are more vulnerable to the effects of toxins. You might assume that the fruits, vegetables, and spices we eat are safe, but many common plant foods contain natural toxins. Indeed, biologists believe that many of 12 BENEFITS OF OUTDOOR PLAY (AND TIPS TO HELP YOUR CHILD 1. Outdoor play can reduce a child’s risk becoming nearsighted. Heredity plays a big role in whether or not a child develops myopia, or nearsightedness. But it's also clear that time spent outdoors is protective. Scores of studies show links between outdoor time and the development of myopia. THE SCIENCE OF TOILET TRAINING: WHAT RESEARCH TELLS US The evidence for toddler training tells a similar tale. Earlier training is not associated with behavioral problems. An American study tracked over 400 children to learn what, if any, effects timing has on toilet training success (Blum et al 2003). Children were enrolled in the study at 17-19 months. THE BENEFITS OF FANTASY FICTION AND IMAGINATIVE PLAY References: The benefits of fantasy fiction and imaginative play. Boerger EA. 2011. 'In fairy tales fairies can disappear': children's reasoning about the characteristics of humans and fantasy figures.PARENTING SCIENCE
PARENTING FOR THE SCIENCE-MINDED -- by Gwen Dewar, Ph.D. Founded by an evolutionary anthropologist, this parenting resource is for critical thinkers -- people who want to understand child development from the perspectives of psychology, anthropology, evolution, and cognitive neuroscience. I’ve got opinions. But who cares? INTELLIGENCE IN CHILDREN: CAN WE MAKE OUR KIDS SMARTER? Praising kids for being smart tends to make them act dumb. Even more interesting--at least to me--is the discovery that our beliefs about intelligence can hamper the learning process. People who are convinced that intelligence is a fixed, unchanging trait are less likely to learn from their mistakes and less likely to succeed in school. NEWBORN COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT: WHAT ARE BABIES THINKING During the first few weeks after birth, it might seem that your baby does little more than sleep, cry, and feed. But research tells us that there is much more going on. The newborn brain is busy processing information, searching for patterns, and learning. Here's a fascinating look at newborn cognitive development, covering five majortopics:
MOTOR MILESTONES: HOW DO BABIES DEVELOP DURING THE FIRST Fine motor control and tool use. By 8 to 10 months, most babies can show off fine motor skills. They are developing the ability to grasp small objects between the thumb and index finger. Babies are usually able to drink from a cup, and they are figuring out how to eat with a spoon. But their attempts are awkward. HOMESCHOOLING OUTCOMES: HOW DO THEY COMPARE? In 5 of 7 test areas, (word identification, phonic decoding, science, social science, humanities) structured homeschoolers were at least one grade level ahead of public schoolers. They were almost half a year ahead in math, and slightly, but not significantly, advanced in reading comprehension. But this is a relatively small study. WHY KIDS REBEL (AND WHAT WE CAN DO TO ENCOURAGE COOPERATION) By the age of 7, kids are often skilled enough to partially "pay their own way" in life. They participate in foraging, and contribute substantially to their own, daily energetic requirements (Bogin 2009). Throughout the "tween" and "teen" years, they learn the advanced stuff -- like big-game hunting, information about the local ecology, and how to create complex tools (Lew-Levy et al 2017). THE SCIENCE OF PICKY EATERS: WHY DO CHILDREN REJECT FOODS Bitterness is a signal of potential toxicity, and kids—with their smaller bodies and less-developed capacities for detoxification—are more vulnerable to the effects of toxins. You might assume that the fruits, vegetables, and spices we eat are safe, but many common plant foods contain natural toxins. Indeed, biologists believe that many of 12 BENEFITS OF OUTDOOR PLAY (AND TIPS TO HELP YOUR CHILD 1. Outdoor play can reduce a child’s risk becoming nearsighted. Heredity plays a big role in whether or not a child develops myopia, or nearsightedness. But it's also clear that time spent outdoors is protective. Scores of studies show links between outdoor time and the development of myopia. THE SCIENCE OF TOILET TRAINING: WHAT RESEARCH TELLS US The evidence for toddler training tells a similar tale. Earlier training is not associated with behavioral problems. An American study tracked over 400 children to learn what, if any, effects timing has on toilet training success (Blum et al 2003). Children were enrolled in the study at 17-19 months. THE BENEFITS OF FANTASY FICTION AND IMAGINATIVE PLAY References: The benefits of fantasy fiction and imaginative play. Boerger EA. 2011. 'In fairy tales fairies can disappear': children's reasoning about the characteristics of humans and fantasy figures.ABOUT GWEN DEWAR
A graduate of UC Berkeley, I received my Ph.D. from the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, where I was trained in evolutionary anthropology, behavioral ecology, primatology, and comparative psychology. My research interests – in the evolution of the mind, learning, and teaching – led me to study comparative cognitivedevelopment and the
12 BENEFITS OF OUTDOOR PLAY (AND TIPS TO HELP YOUR CHILD Outdoor play doesn’t guarantee that a child will become more physically coordinated. For example, in a study of preschoolers, researchers found that kids’ basic motor skills (like throwing, somersaulting, and kicking a ball) didn’t vary much as a function of how often a child played outdoors (Gray et al 2015). BEDTIME PROBLEMS IN CHILDREN: SOLUTIONS FOR THE SCIENCE Their bodies haven't yet produced enough melatonin, a key hormonal regulator of sleep (LeBourgeois et al 2013). As a result, these kids either (1) refuse to stay in bed, or (2) lie awake, alert and restless. And they learn to associate bedtime with all the wrong things -- frustration, anxiety, conflict, stalling tactics. EMOTION COACHING: HELPING KIDS COPE WITH NEGATIVE FEELINGS Emotion coaching is the practice of talking with children about their feelings, and offering kids concrete strategies for coping with emotionally difficult situations. Does it help? Yes. Here's a review of the evidence, and tips for becoming a more effective emotion coach. WHY KIDS NEED DAYLIGHT TO THRIVE AND LEARN: THE BENEFITS You've probably noticed that bright light has a cheering effect. It improves mood (Leichtfried et al 2015; Gabel et al 2013; Te Kulve et al 2017), and studies show that bright light therapy is an effective treatment for depression (Maruani and Geoffroy 2019).. 2. Daily exposure to very bright light (e.g., 15,000 lux or higher) might protect kids from developing near-sightedness. PROBIOTICS FOR KIDS: A PARENT'S EVIDENCE-BASED GUIDE There is also evidence that some probiotics help fight infection, either because: • probiotics compete for space with harmful bacteria (i.e., they keep the growth of harmful bacteria in check) and/or. • probiotics stimulate the immune system in ways that help the body recognize pathogens (Humen et al 2005). POTTY TRAINING PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS: AN EVIDENCE-BASED GUIDE Here's an evidence-based guide to coping with common potty training problems. 1. Solving potty training problems caused by anxiety. When children refuse to cooperate, it might seem that they're being lazy or unreasonable. But many kids suffer from understandable anxieties abouttoilet training.
WHEN DO BABIES START WALKING, AND HOW DOES IT DEVELOP When do babies start walking? In the United States today, the average age of independent walking is approximately 12 months. Researchers report similar timing for babies in a number of other countries, including Argentina, Ghana, India, Norway, Oman, South Africa, andTurkey.
THE EFFECTS OF VIDEO GAMES ON SCHOOL ACHIEVEMENT What are the effects of video games on school achievement? Studies hint that certain types of frequent gaming can reduce a student’s performance in reading. But video games are linked with positive effects, too. Read more about the costs and benefits of gaming. CAN LEGO BRICKS AND OTHER CONSTRUCTION TOYS BOOST YOUR Construction toys -- like wooden blocks, Lego bricks®, and Mega Bloks® -- present kids with exciting opportunities to tinker and create. This play is beneficial for development. As I explain elsewhere, block play may foster a wide range of abilities, including motor skills, spatial skills, language skills, and divergent problemsolving.
PARENTING SCIENCE
PARENTING FOR THE SCIENCE-MINDED -- by Gwen Dewar, Ph.D. Founded by an evolutionary anthropologist, this parenting resource is for critical thinkers -- people who want to understand child development from the perspectives of psychology, anthropology, evolution, and cognitive neuroscience. I’ve got opinions. But who cares? INTELLIGENCE IN CHILDREN: CAN WE MAKE OUR KIDS SMARTER? Praising kids for being smart tends to make them act dumb. Even more interesting--at least to me--is the discovery that our beliefs about intelligence can hamper the learning process. People who are convinced that intelligence is a fixed, unchanging trait are less likely to learn from their mistakes and less likely to succeed in school. NEWBORN COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT: WHAT ARE BABIES THINKING During the first few weeks after birth, it might seem that your baby does little more than sleep, cry, and feed. But research tells us that there is much more going on. The newborn brain is busy processing information, searching for patterns, and learning. Here's a fascinating look at newborn cognitive development, covering five majortopics:
MOTOR MILESTONES: HOW DO BABIES DEVELOP DURING THE FIRST Motor milestones mark exciting transitions in a baby’s life, but there is no single, universal schedule that all babies follow. For example, by 6 weeks, most babies can lift HOMESCHOOLING OUTCOMES: HOW DO THEY COMPARE? In 5 of 7 test areas, (word identification, phonic decoding, science, social science, humanities) structured homeschoolers were at least one grade level ahead of public schoolers. They were almost half a year ahead in math, and slightly, but not significantly, advanced in reading comprehension. But this is a relatively small study. THE SCIENCE OF PICKY EATERS: WHY DO CHILDREN REJECT FOODS Bitterness is a signal of potential toxicity, and kids—with their smaller bodies and less-developed capacities for detoxification—are more vulnerable to the effects of toxins. You might assume that the fruits, vegetables, and spices we eat are safe, but many common plant foods contain natural toxins. Indeed, biologists believe that many of 12 BENEFITS OF OUTDOOR PLAY (AND TIPS TO HELP YOUR CHILD 1. Outdoor play can reduce a child’s risk becoming nearsighted. Heredity plays a big role in whether or not a child develops myopia, or nearsightedness. But it's also clear that time spent outdoors is protective. Scores of studies show links between outdoor time and the development of myopia. WHY KIDS REBEL (AND WHAT WE CAN DO TO ENCOURAGE COOPERATION) By the age of 7, kids are often skilled enough to partially "pay their own way" in life. They participate in foraging, and contribute substantially to their own, daily energetic requirements (Bogin 2009). Throughout the "tween" and "teen" years, they learn the advanced stuff -- like big-game hunting, information about the local ecology, and how to create complex tools (Lew-Levy et al 2017). THE SCIENCE OF TOILET TRAINING: WHAT RESEARCH TELLS US The evidence for toddler training tells a similar tale. Earlier training is not associated with behavioral problems. An American study tracked over 400 children to learn what, if any, effects timing has on toilet training success (Blum et al 2003). Children were enrolled in the study at 17-19 months. THE BENEFITS OF FANTASY FICTION AND IMAGINATIVE PLAY References: The benefits of fantasy fiction and imaginative play. Boerger EA. 2011. 'In fairy tales fairies can disappear': children's reasoning about the characteristics of humans and fantasy figures.PARENTING SCIENCE
PARENTING FOR THE SCIENCE-MINDED -- by Gwen Dewar, Ph.D. Founded by an evolutionary anthropologist, this parenting resource is for critical thinkers -- people who want to understand child development from the perspectives of psychology, anthropology, evolution, and cognitive neuroscience. I’ve got opinions. But who cares? INTELLIGENCE IN CHILDREN: CAN WE MAKE OUR KIDS SMARTER? Praising kids for being smart tends to make them act dumb. Even more interesting--at least to me--is the discovery that our beliefs about intelligence can hamper the learning process. People who are convinced that intelligence is a fixed, unchanging trait are less likely to learn from their mistakes and less likely to succeed in school. NEWBORN COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT: WHAT ARE BABIES THINKING During the first few weeks after birth, it might seem that your baby does little more than sleep, cry, and feed. But research tells us that there is much more going on. The newborn brain is busy processing information, searching for patterns, and learning. Here's a fascinating look at newborn cognitive development, covering five majortopics:
MOTOR MILESTONES: HOW DO BABIES DEVELOP DURING THE FIRST Motor milestones mark exciting transitions in a baby’s life, but there is no single, universal schedule that all babies follow. For example, by 6 weeks, most babies can lift HOMESCHOOLING OUTCOMES: HOW DO THEY COMPARE? In 5 of 7 test areas, (word identification, phonic decoding, science, social science, humanities) structured homeschoolers were at least one grade level ahead of public schoolers. They were almost half a year ahead in math, and slightly, but not significantly, advanced in reading comprehension. But this is a relatively small study. THE SCIENCE OF PICKY EATERS: WHY DO CHILDREN REJECT FOODS Bitterness is a signal of potential toxicity, and kids—with their smaller bodies and less-developed capacities for detoxification—are more vulnerable to the effects of toxins. You might assume that the fruits, vegetables, and spices we eat are safe, but many common plant foods contain natural toxins. Indeed, biologists believe that many of 12 BENEFITS OF OUTDOOR PLAY (AND TIPS TO HELP YOUR CHILD 1. Outdoor play can reduce a child’s risk becoming nearsighted. Heredity plays a big role in whether or not a child develops myopia, or nearsightedness. But it's also clear that time spent outdoors is protective. Scores of studies show links between outdoor time and the development of myopia. WHY KIDS REBEL (AND WHAT WE CAN DO TO ENCOURAGE COOPERATION) By the age of 7, kids are often skilled enough to partially "pay their own way" in life. They participate in foraging, and contribute substantially to their own, daily energetic requirements (Bogin 2009). Throughout the "tween" and "teen" years, they learn the advanced stuff -- like big-game hunting, information about the local ecology, and how to create complex tools (Lew-Levy et al 2017). THE SCIENCE OF TOILET TRAINING: WHAT RESEARCH TELLS US The evidence for toddler training tells a similar tale. Earlier training is not associated with behavioral problems. An American study tracked over 400 children to learn what, if any, effects timing has on toilet training success (Blum et al 2003). Children were enrolled in the study at 17-19 months. THE BENEFITS OF FANTASY FICTION AND IMAGINATIVE PLAY References: The benefits of fantasy fiction and imaginative play. Boerger EA. 2011. 'In fairy tales fairies can disappear': children's reasoning about the characteristics of humans and fantasy figures.ABOUT GWEN DEWAR
A graduate of UC Berkeley, I received my Ph.D. from the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, where I was trained in evolutionary anthropology, behavioral ecology, primatology, and comparative psychology. My research interests – in the evolution of the mind, learning, and teaching – led me to study comparative cognitivedevelopment and the
BEDTIME PROBLEMS IN CHILDREN: SOLUTIONS FOR THE SCIENCE Their bodies haven't yet produced enough melatonin, a key hormonal regulator of sleep (LeBourgeois et al 2013). As a result, these kids either (1) refuse to stay in bed, or (2) lie awake, alert and restless. And they learn to associate bedtime with all the wrong things -- frustration, anxiety, conflict, stalling tactics. EMOTION COACHING: HELPING KIDS COPE WITH NEGATIVE FEELINGS Emotion coaching is the practice of talking with children about their feelings, and offering kids concrete strategies for coping with emotionally difficult situations. Does it help? Yes. Here's a review of the evidence, and tips for becoming a more effective emotion coach. 12 BENEFITS OF OUTDOOR PLAY (AND TIPS TO HELP YOUR CHILD Outdoor play doesn’t guarantee that a child will become more physically coordinated. For example, in a study of preschoolers, researchers found that kids’ basic motor skills (like throwing, somersaulting, and kicking a ball) didn’t vary much as a function of how often a child played outdoors (Gray et al 2015). WHY KIDS NEED DAYLIGHT TO THRIVE AND LEARN: THE BENEFITS You've probably noticed that bright light has a cheering effect. It improves mood (Leichtfried et al 2015; Gabel et al 2013; Te Kulve et al 2017), and studies show that bright light therapy is an effective treatment for depression (Maruani and Geoffroy 2019).. 2. Daily exposure to very bright light (e.g., 15,000 lux or higher) might protect kids from developing near-sightedness. PRESCHOOL SCIENCE PROJECTS: DIRT AND MUD Release any living creatures you find in your dirt samples and put each type of dirt in its own container and label where you found it. Keep these samples for other preschool science projects (see below). Project 2. Exploring dirt. This activity is a follow-up to the dirt prospecting project described above. TEACHING SELF-CONTROL: EVIDENCE-BASED TIPS 12 tips for teaching self-control. 1. Help kids avoid temptation: Out of sight, out of mind. High-functioning adults have been known to lose their will-power at the sight of a doughnut. So one of the most important tools for maintaining self-control is to change the environment (Duckworth et al 2016). POTTY TRAINING PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS: AN EVIDENCE-BASED GUIDE Here's an evidence-based guide to coping with common potty training problems. 1. Solving potty training problems caused by anxiety. When children refuse to cooperate, it might seem that they're being lazy or unreasonable. But many kids suffer from understandable anxieties abouttoilet training.
WHEN DO BABIES START WALKING, AND HOW DOES IT DEVELOP When do babies start walking? In the United States today, the average age of independent walking is approximately 12 months. Researchers report similar timing for babies in a number of other countries, including Argentina, Ghana, India, Norway, Oman, South Africa, andTurkey.
THE EFFECTS OF VIDEO GAMES ON SCHOOL ACHIEVEMENT What are the effects of video games on school achievement? Studies hint that certain types of frequent gaming can reduce a student’s performance in reading. But video games are linked with positive effects, too. Read more about the costs and benefits of gaming.PARENTING SCIENCE
PARENTING FOR THE SCIENCE-MINDED -- by Gwen Dewar, Ph.D. Founded by an evolutionary anthropologist, this parenting resource is for critical thinkers -- people who want to understand child development from the perspectives of psychology, anthropology, evolution, and cognitive neuroscience. I’ve got opinions. But who cares?ABOUT GWEN DEWAR
A graduate of UC Berkeley, I received my Ph.D. from the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, where I was trained in evolutionary anthropology, behavioral ecology, primatology, and comparative psychology. My research interests – in the evolution of the mind, learning, and teaching – led me to study comparative cognitivedevelopment and the
BEDTIME FADING: AN EVIDENCE-BASED, STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE Bedtime fading is a gentle, "no cry" technique for re-aligning your child's internal clock with the bedtime you desire. You start by asking your child to go to bed late -- late enough that your child experiences a powerful physiological urge to sleep. Then, over multiple days, you gradually adjust your child's schedule, until yourchild is
NEWBORN COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT: WHAT ARE BABIES THINKING During the first few weeks after birth, it might seem that your baby does little more than sleep, cry, and feed. But research tells us that there is much more going on. The newborn brain is busy processing information, searching for patterns, and learning. Here's a fascinating look at newborn cognitive development, covering five majortopics:
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN ADULTS LIE TO CHILDREN? What happens when adults lie to children? The evidence suggests that kids become more dishonest with us, and not only that: When we make a practice of telling children lies, kids may be at a higher risk of developing aggressive and antisocial behavior problems. HOW TO START BABIES ON SOLID FOOD: AN EVIDENCE-BASED GUIDE When to start solids depends on your baby’s developmental skills, and on whether or not you want to offer your baby finger foods. These evidence-based tips explain how to start babies on solid food, what to expect, and how to cope with a baby’s negative reactions. WHY KIDS NEED DAYLIGHT TO THRIVE AND LEARN: THE BENEFITS You've probably noticed that bright light has a cheering effect. It improves mood (Leichtfried et al 2015; Gabel et al 2013; Te Kulve et al 2017), and studies show that bright light therapy is an effective treatment for depression (Maruani and Geoffroy 2019).. 2. Daily exposure to very bright light (e.g., 15,000 lux or higher) might protect kids from developing near-sightedness. THE BENEFITS OF FANTASY FICTION AND IMAGINATIVE PLAY References: The benefits of fantasy fiction and imaginative play. Boerger EA. 2011. 'In fairy tales fairies can disappear': children's reasoning about the characteristics of humans and fantasy figures. WHEN DO BABIES CRAWL, AND HOW DOES CRAWLING DEVELOP When do babies crawl for the first time? Studies suggest that approximately 50% of babies begin crawling by 8 months. But some babies may start before 6 months, and others may not crawl until after 11 months, if ever. If your baby doesn't crawl, does that meansomething is wrong?
AT WHAT AGE DO CHILDREN BEGIN TO TELL LIES? Catching kids in the act. Decades ago, researchers devised a clever method for studying lying in children. It's called the "temptation resistance paradigm," but you might also call it the "don't peek" scenario because it's designed to tempt kids to sneak a look at a hidden object. Many experiments in lying have relied on this scenario, so let's take a look at how it unfolds.PARENTING SCIENCE
PARENTING FOR THE SCIENCE-MINDED -- by Gwen Dewar, Ph.D. Founded by an evolutionary anthropologist, this parenting resource is for critical thinkers -- people who want to understand child development from the perspectives of psychology, anthropology, evolution, and cognitive neuroscience. I’ve got opinions. But who cares?ABOUT GWEN DEWAR
A graduate of UC Berkeley, I received my Ph.D. from the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, where I was trained in evolutionary anthropology, behavioral ecology, primatology, and comparative psychology. My research interests – in the evolution of the mind, learning, and teaching – led me to study comparative cognitivedevelopment and the
BEDTIME FADING: AN EVIDENCE-BASED, STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE Bedtime fading is a gentle, "no cry" technique for re-aligning your child's internal clock with the bedtime you desire. You start by asking your child to go to bed late -- late enough that your child experiences a powerful physiological urge to sleep. Then, over multiple days, you gradually adjust your child's schedule, until yourchild is
NEWBORN COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT: WHAT ARE BABIES THINKING During the first few weeks after birth, it might seem that your baby does little more than sleep, cry, and feed. But research tells us that there is much more going on. The newborn brain is busy processing information, searching for patterns, and learning. Here's a fascinating look at newborn cognitive development, covering five majortopics:
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN ADULTS LIE TO CHILDREN? What happens when adults lie to children? The evidence suggests that kids become more dishonest with us, and not only that: When we make a practice of telling children lies, kids may be at a higher risk of developing aggressive and antisocial behavior problems. HOW TO START BABIES ON SOLID FOOD: AN EVIDENCE-BASED GUIDE When to start solids depends on your baby’s developmental skills, and on whether or not you want to offer your baby finger foods. These evidence-based tips explain how to start babies on solid food, what to expect, and how to cope with a baby’s negative reactions. WHY KIDS NEED DAYLIGHT TO THRIVE AND LEARN: THE BENEFITS You've probably noticed that bright light has a cheering effect. It improves mood (Leichtfried et al 2015; Gabel et al 2013; Te Kulve et al 2017), and studies show that bright light therapy is an effective treatment for depression (Maruani and Geoffroy 2019).. 2. Daily exposure to very bright light (e.g., 15,000 lux or higher) might protect kids from developing near-sightedness. THE BENEFITS OF FANTASY FICTION AND IMAGINATIVE PLAY References: The benefits of fantasy fiction and imaginative play. Boerger EA. 2011. 'In fairy tales fairies can disappear': children's reasoning about the characteristics of humans and fantasy figures. WHEN DO BABIES CRAWL, AND HOW DOES CRAWLING DEVELOP When do babies crawl for the first time? Studies suggest that approximately 50% of babies begin crawling by 8 months. But some babies may start before 6 months, and others may not crawl until after 11 months, if ever. If your baby doesn't crawl, does that meansomething is wrong?
AT WHAT AGE DO CHILDREN BEGIN TO TELL LIES? Catching kids in the act. Decades ago, researchers devised a clever method for studying lying in children. It's called the "temptation resistance paradigm," but you might also call it the "don't peek" scenario because it's designed to tempt kids to sneak a look at a hidden object. Many experiments in lying have relied on this scenario, so let's take a look at how it unfolds.PARENTING SCIENCE
PARENTING FOR THE SCIENCE-MINDED -- by Gwen Dewar, Ph.D. Founded by an evolutionary anthropologist, this parenting resource is for critical thinkers -- people who want to understand child development from the perspectives of psychology, anthropology, evolution, and cognitive neuroscience. I’ve got opinions. But who cares? THE BENEFITS OF FANTASY FICTION AND IMAGINATIVE PLAY References: The benefits of fantasy fiction and imaginative play. Boerger EA. 2011. 'In fairy tales fairies can disappear': children's reasoning about the characteristics of humans and fantasy figures. EMOTION COACHING: HELPING KIDS COPE WITH NEGATIVE FEELINGS Emotion coaching is the practice of talking with children about their feelings, and offering kids concrete strategies for coping with emotionally difficult situations. Does it help? Yes. Here's a review of the evidence, and tips for becoming a more effective emotion coach. PARENTING STRESS: WHAT CAUSES IT, AND HOW DOES IT CHANGE US? Brain study: Parenting stress undermines "brain-to-brain synchrony" between parents and children. As I explain elsewhere, it's normal for parents and babies to experience a kind of "mind-meld" during face-to-face social interactions. Their brains synchronize, as if YOUR PICKY EATER: EVIDENCE-BASED TIPS FOR THE SCIENCE This suggests a way to get your picky eater to eat more greens: Serve steamed vegetables with your child's favorite condiment. 4. Expose your child to positive role models. Throughout the animal kingdom, social cues matter: Juveniles are more likely to eat foods if they see another individual eating them. THE DIAPER ALARM: AN EFFECTIVE TOOL FOR TOILET TRAINING? diaper alarm-based training, or. timed potty training (putting the child on the potty at regularly-timed intervals) Observers rated the children’s toileting behavior at several points in time--before training began, two weeks after training ended, and one month later. The children in the diaper alarm group showed significantly betterprogress
WHEN DO BABIES START WALKING, AND HOW DOES IT DEVELOP When do babies start walking? In the United States today, the average age of independent walking is approximately 12 months. Researchers report similar timing for babies in a number of other countries, including Argentina, Ghana, India, Norway, Oman, South Africa, andTurkey.
NEWBORN SLEEP PATTERNS: A SURVIVAL GUIDE Newborn sleep patterns take their toll on parents. In a study tracking the sleep patterns of mothers from pregnancy through the postpartum period, maternal sleep worsened after childbirth and continued to deteriorate until about 12 weeks postpartum (Kang et al 2002)—-the time when newborn sleep patterns begin to show marked circadian rhythms (Nishihara et al 2000). BABY SLEEP DEPRIVATION: HOW TO TELL IF YOUR BABY ISN'T Pediatricians and experienced parents have noted these signs of "over-tiredness" in the very young: A noted lack of interest in people and the environment. A tendency to look away from stimulating things. Hand-to-face gestures: Pulling ears, rubbing eyes. Fluttering eyelids. BOOSTING IRON ABSORPTION: A GUIDE TO FOR THE SCIENCE-MINDED Phytates, which are found in most plant foods, can reduce iron absorption by up to 80%. But vitamin C—consumed along with a meal--can counteract the effect. In one study, preschoolers with iron deficiency anemia were given vitamin C supplements twice aPARENTING SCIENCE
PARENTING FOR THE SCIENCE-MINDED -- by Gwen Dewar, Ph.D. Founded by an evolutionary anthropologist, this parenting resource is for critical thinkers -- people who want to understand child development from the perspectives of psychology, anthropology, evolution, and cognitive neuroscience. I’ve got opinions. But who cares?ABOUT GWEN DEWAR
A graduate of UC Berkeley, I received my Ph.D. from the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, where I was trained in evolutionary anthropology, behavioral ecology, primatology, and comparative psychology. My research interests – in the evolution of the mind, learning, and teaching – led me to study comparative cognitivedevelopment and the
BEDTIME FADING: AN EVIDENCE-BASED, STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE Bedtime fading is a gentle, "no cry" technique for re-aligning your child's internal clock with the bedtime you desire. You start by asking your child to go to bed late -- late enough that your child experiences a powerful physiological urge to sleep. Then, over multiple days, you gradually adjust your child's schedule, until yourchild is
NEWBORN COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT: WHAT ARE BABIES THINKING During the first few weeks after birth, it might seem that your baby does little more than sleep, cry, and feed. But research tells us that there is much more going on. The newborn brain is busy processing information, searching for patterns, and learning. Here's a fascinating look at newborn cognitive development, covering five majortopics:
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN ADULTS LIE TO CHILDREN? What happens when adults lie to children? The evidence suggests that kids become more dishonest with us, and not only that: When we make a practice of telling children lies, kids may be at a higher risk of developing aggressive and antisocial behavior problems. HOW TO START BABIES ON SOLID FOOD: AN EVIDENCE-BASED GUIDE When to start solids depends on your baby’s developmental skills, and on whether or not you want to offer your baby finger foods. These evidence-based tips explain how to start babies on solid food, what to expect, and how to cope with a baby’s negative reactions. WHY KIDS NEED DAYLIGHT TO THRIVE AND LEARN: THE BENEFITS You've probably noticed that bright light has a cheering effect. It improves mood (Leichtfried et al 2015; Gabel et al 2013; Te Kulve et al 2017), and studies show that bright light therapy is an effective treatment for depression (Maruani and Geoffroy 2019).. 2. Daily exposure to very bright light (e.g., 15,000 lux or higher) might protect kids from developing near-sightedness. THE BENEFITS OF FANTASY FICTION AND IMAGINATIVE PLAY References: The benefits of fantasy fiction and imaginative play. Boerger EA. 2011. 'In fairy tales fairies can disappear': children's reasoning about the characteristics of humans and fantasy figures. WHEN DO BABIES CRAWL, AND HOW DOES CRAWLING DEVELOP When do babies crawl for the first time? Studies suggest that approximately 50% of babies begin crawling by 8 months. But some babies may start before 6 months, and others may not crawl until after 11 months, if ever. If your baby doesn't crawl, does that meansomething is wrong?
AT WHAT AGE DO CHILDREN BEGIN TO TELL LIES? Catching kids in the act. Decades ago, researchers devised a clever method for studying lying in children. It's called the "temptation resistance paradigm," but you might also call it the "don't peek" scenario because it's designed to tempt kids to sneak a look at a hidden object. Many experiments in lying have relied on this scenario, so let's take a look at how it unfolds.PARENTING SCIENCE
PARENTING FOR THE SCIENCE-MINDED -- by Gwen Dewar, Ph.D. Founded by an evolutionary anthropologist, this parenting resource is for critical thinkers -- people who want to understand child development from the perspectives of psychology, anthropology, evolution, and cognitive neuroscience. I’ve got opinions. But who cares?ABOUT GWEN DEWAR
A graduate of UC Berkeley, I received my Ph.D. from the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, where I was trained in evolutionary anthropology, behavioral ecology, primatology, and comparative psychology. My research interests – in the evolution of the mind, learning, and teaching – led me to study comparative cognitivedevelopment and the
BEDTIME FADING: AN EVIDENCE-BASED, STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE Bedtime fading is a gentle, "no cry" technique for re-aligning your child's internal clock with the bedtime you desire. You start by asking your child to go to bed late -- late enough that your child experiences a powerful physiological urge to sleep. Then, over multiple days, you gradually adjust your child's schedule, until yourchild is
NEWBORN COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT: WHAT ARE BABIES THINKING During the first few weeks after birth, it might seem that your baby does little more than sleep, cry, and feed. But research tells us that there is much more going on. The newborn brain is busy processing information, searching for patterns, and learning. Here's a fascinating look at newborn cognitive development, covering five majortopics:
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN ADULTS LIE TO CHILDREN? What happens when adults lie to children? The evidence suggests that kids become more dishonest with us, and not only that: When we make a practice of telling children lies, kids may be at a higher risk of developing aggressive and antisocial behavior problems. HOW TO START BABIES ON SOLID FOOD: AN EVIDENCE-BASED GUIDE When to start solids depends on your baby’s developmental skills, and on whether or not you want to offer your baby finger foods. These evidence-based tips explain how to start babies on solid food, what to expect, and how to cope with a baby’s negative reactions. WHY KIDS NEED DAYLIGHT TO THRIVE AND LEARN: THE BENEFITS You've probably noticed that bright light has a cheering effect. It improves mood (Leichtfried et al 2015; Gabel et al 2013; Te Kulve et al 2017), and studies show that bright light therapy is an effective treatment for depression (Maruani and Geoffroy 2019).. 2. Daily exposure to very bright light (e.g., 15,000 lux or higher) might protect kids from developing near-sightedness. THE BENEFITS OF FANTASY FICTION AND IMAGINATIVE PLAY References: The benefits of fantasy fiction and imaginative play. Boerger EA. 2011. 'In fairy tales fairies can disappear': children's reasoning about the characteristics of humans and fantasy figures. WHEN DO BABIES CRAWL, AND HOW DOES CRAWLING DEVELOP When do babies crawl for the first time? Studies suggest that approximately 50% of babies begin crawling by 8 months. But some babies may start before 6 months, and others may not crawl until after 11 months, if ever. If your baby doesn't crawl, does that meansomething is wrong?
AT WHAT AGE DO CHILDREN BEGIN TO TELL LIES? Catching kids in the act. Decades ago, researchers devised a clever method for studying lying in children. It's called the "temptation resistance paradigm," but you might also call it the "don't peek" scenario because it's designed to tempt kids to sneak a look at a hidden object. Many experiments in lying have relied on this scenario, so let's take a look at how it unfolds.PARENTING SCIENCE
PARENTING FOR THE SCIENCE-MINDED -- by Gwen Dewar, Ph.D. Founded by an evolutionary anthropologist, this parenting resource is for critical thinkers -- people who want to understand child development from the perspectives of psychology, anthropology, evolution, and cognitive neuroscience. I’ve got opinions. But who cares? THE BENEFITS OF FANTASY FICTION AND IMAGINATIVE PLAY References: The benefits of fantasy fiction and imaginative play. Boerger EA. 2011. 'In fairy tales fairies can disappear': children's reasoning about the characteristics of humans and fantasy figures. EMOTION COACHING: HELPING KIDS COPE WITH NEGATIVE FEELINGS Emotion coaching is the practice of talking with children about their feelings, and offering kids concrete strategies for coping with emotionally difficult situations. Does it help? Yes. Here's a review of the evidence, and tips for becoming a more effective emotion coach. PARENTING STRESS: WHAT CAUSES IT, AND HOW DOES IT CHANGE US? Brain study: Parenting stress undermines "brain-to-brain synchrony" between parents and children. As I explain elsewhere, it's normal for parents and babies to experience a kind of "mind-meld" during face-to-face social interactions. Their brains synchronize, as if YOUR PICKY EATER: EVIDENCE-BASED TIPS FOR THE SCIENCE This suggests a way to get your picky eater to eat more greens: Serve steamed vegetables with your child's favorite condiment. 4. Expose your child to positive role models. Throughout the animal kingdom, social cues matter: Juveniles are more likely to eat foods if they see another individual eating them. THE DIAPER ALARM: AN EFFECTIVE TOOL FOR TOILET TRAINING? diaper alarm-based training, or. timed potty training (putting the child on the potty at regularly-timed intervals) Observers rated the children’s toileting behavior at several points in time--before training began, two weeks after training ended, and one month later. The children in the diaper alarm group showed significantly betterprogress
WHEN DO BABIES START WALKING, AND HOW DOES IT DEVELOP When do babies start walking? In the United States today, the average age of independent walking is approximately 12 months. Researchers report similar timing for babies in a number of other countries, including Argentina, Ghana, India, Norway, Oman, South Africa, andTurkey.
NEWBORN SLEEP PATTERNS: A SURVIVAL GUIDE Newborn sleep patterns take their toll on parents. In a study tracking the sleep patterns of mothers from pregnancy through the postpartum period, maternal sleep worsened after childbirth and continued to deteriorate until about 12 weeks postpartum (Kang et al 2002)—-the time when newborn sleep patterns begin to show marked circadian rhythms (Nishihara et al 2000). BABY SLEEP DEPRIVATION: HOW TO TELL IF YOUR BABY ISN'T Pediatricians and experienced parents have noted these signs of "over-tiredness" in the very young: A noted lack of interest in people and the environment. A tendency to look away from stimulating things. Hand-to-face gestures: Pulling ears, rubbing eyes. Fluttering eyelids. BOOSTING IRON ABSORPTION: A GUIDE TO FOR THE SCIENCE-MINDED Phytates, which are found in most plant foods, can reduce iron absorption by up to 80%. But vitamin C—consumed along with a meal--can counteract the effect. In one study, preschoolers with iron deficiency anemia were given vitamin C supplements twice aPARENTING SCIENCE
PARENTING FOR THE SCIENCE-MINDED -- by Gwen Dewar, Ph.D. Founded by an evolutionary anthropologist, this parenting resource is for critical thinkers -- people who want to understand child development from the perspectives of psychology, anthropology, evolution, and cognitive neuroscience. I’ve got opinions. But who cares?ABOUT GWEN DEWAR
A graduate of UC Berkeley, I received my Ph.D. from the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, where I was trained in evolutionary anthropology, behavioral ecology, primatology, and comparative psychology. My research interests – in the evolution of the mind, learning, and teaching – led me to study comparative cognitivedevelopment and the
NEWBORN COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT: WHAT ARE BABIES THINKING During the first few weeks after birth, it might seem that your baby does little more than sleep, cry, and feed. But research tells us that there is much more going on. The newborn brain is busy processing information, searching for patterns, and learning. Here's a fascinating look at newborn cognitive development, covering five majortopics:
EMOTION COACHING: HELPING KIDS COPE WITH NEGATIVE FEELINGS Emotion coaching is the practice of talking with children about their feelings, and offering kids concrete strategies for coping with emotionally difficult situations. Does it help? Yes. Here's a review of the evidence, and tips for becoming a more effective emotion coach. HOW TO START BABIES ON SOLID FOOD: AN EVIDENCE-BASED GUIDE When to start solids depends on your baby’s developmental skills, and on whether or not you want to offer your baby finger foods. These evidence-based tips explain how to start babies on solid food, what to expect, and how to cope with a baby’s negative reactions. NEWBORN SLEEP PATTERNS: A SURVIVAL GUIDE Newborn sleep patterns take their toll on parents. In a study tracking the sleep patterns of mothers from pregnancy through the postpartum period, maternal sleep worsened after childbirth and continued to deteriorate until about 12 weeks postpartum (Kang et al 2002)—-the time when newborn sleep patterns begin to show marked circadian rhythms (Nishihara et al 2000). WHEN DO BABIES CRAWL, AND HOW DOES CRAWLING DEVELOP When do babies crawl for the first time? Studies suggest that approximately 50% of babies begin crawling by 8 months. But some babies may start before 6 months, and others may not crawl until after 11 months, if ever. If your baby doesn't crawl, does that meansomething is wrong?
THE CASE OF SUMMERHILL SCHOOL: ARE TODAY'S PERMISSIVESUMMERHILL SCHOOL PHILOSOPHYSUMMERHILL SCHOOL VIDEOSUMMERHILL SCHOOL UKSUMMERHILL SCHOOL TOKYOSUMMERHILL SCHOOL COTASUMMERHILL SCHOOL ALEXANDER SUTHERLANDNEILL
Zoë Neill Readhead, who is Neill’s daughter and the current head of Summerhill, complains that parents have become too permissive for her own school. In the 1940s and ‘50s, Summerhill seemed like a progressive, revolutionary place. But today's kids are being spoiled by their parents—so much so that Summerhill faculty feel compelledto
AT WHAT AGE DO CHILDREN BEGIN TO TELL LIES? Catching kids in the act. Decades ago, researchers devised a clever method for studying lying in children. It's called the "temptation resistance paradigm," but you might also call it the "don't peek" scenario because it's designed to tempt kids to sneak a look at a hidden object. Many experiments in lying have relied on this scenario, so let's take a look at how it unfolds. TAMING AGGRESSION IN CHILDREN: 5 STRATEGIES FOR EFFECTIVE Young children have shorter attention spans, and they are easily distracted. They take more time to process verbal instructions. As I explain elsewhere, their working memory capacities-- the sheer number of things they can keep in mind at any given moment -- are more limited. Learning new information, and adapting to a change of rules or procedure, may take longer than you realize (Lee et alPARENTING SCIENCE
PARENTING FOR THE SCIENCE-MINDED -- by Gwen Dewar, Ph.D. Founded by an evolutionary anthropologist, this parenting resource is for critical thinkers -- people who want to understand child development from the perspectives of psychology, anthropology, evolution, and cognitive neuroscience. I’ve got opinions. But who cares?ABOUT GWEN DEWAR
A graduate of UC Berkeley, I received my Ph.D. from the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, where I was trained in evolutionary anthropology, behavioral ecology, primatology, and comparative psychology. My research interests – in the evolution of the mind, learning, and teaching – led me to study comparative cognitivedevelopment and the
NEWBORN COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT: WHAT ARE BABIES THINKING During the first few weeks after birth, it might seem that your baby does little more than sleep, cry, and feed. But research tells us that there is much more going on. The newborn brain is busy processing information, searching for patterns, and learning. Here's a fascinating look at newborn cognitive development, covering five majortopics:
EMOTION COACHING: HELPING KIDS COPE WITH NEGATIVE FEELINGS Emotion coaching is the practice of talking with children about their feelings, and offering kids concrete strategies for coping with emotionally difficult situations. Does it help? Yes. Here's a review of the evidence, and tips for becoming a more effective emotion coach. HOW TO START BABIES ON SOLID FOOD: AN EVIDENCE-BASED GUIDE When to start solids depends on your baby’s developmental skills, and on whether or not you want to offer your baby finger foods. These evidence-based tips explain how to start babies on solid food, what to expect, and how to cope with a baby’s negative reactions. NEWBORN SLEEP PATTERNS: A SURVIVAL GUIDE Newborn sleep patterns take their toll on parents. In a study tracking the sleep patterns of mothers from pregnancy through the postpartum period, maternal sleep worsened after childbirth and continued to deteriorate until about 12 weeks postpartum (Kang et al 2002)—-the time when newborn sleep patterns begin to show marked circadian rhythms (Nishihara et al 2000). WHEN DO BABIES CRAWL, AND HOW DOES CRAWLING DEVELOP When do babies crawl for the first time? Studies suggest that approximately 50% of babies begin crawling by 8 months. But some babies may start before 6 months, and others may not crawl until after 11 months, if ever. If your baby doesn't crawl, does that meansomething is wrong?
THE CASE OF SUMMERHILL SCHOOL: ARE TODAY'S PERMISSIVESUMMERHILL SCHOOL PHILOSOPHYSUMMERHILL SCHOOL VIDEOSUMMERHILL SCHOOL UKSUMMERHILL SCHOOL TOKYOSUMMERHILL SCHOOL COTASUMMERHILL SCHOOL ALEXANDER SUTHERLANDNEILL
Zoë Neill Readhead, who is Neill’s daughter and the current head of Summerhill, complains that parents have become too permissive for her own school. In the 1940s and ‘50s, Summerhill seemed like a progressive, revolutionary place. But today's kids are being spoiled by their parents—so much so that Summerhill faculty feel compelledto
AT WHAT AGE DO CHILDREN BEGIN TO TELL LIES? Catching kids in the act. Decades ago, researchers devised a clever method for studying lying in children. It's called the "temptation resistance paradigm," but you might also call it the "don't peek" scenario because it's designed to tempt kids to sneak a look at a hidden object. Many experiments in lying have relied on this scenario, so let's take a look at how it unfolds. TAMING AGGRESSION IN CHILDREN: 5 STRATEGIES FOR EFFECTIVE Young children have shorter attention spans, and they are easily distracted. They take more time to process verbal instructions. As I explain elsewhere, their working memory capacities-- the sheer number of things they can keep in mind at any given moment -- are more limited. Learning new information, and adapting to a change of rules or procedure, may take longer than you realize (Lee et alPARENTING SCIENCE
PARENTING FOR THE SCIENCE-MINDED -- by Gwen Dewar, Ph.D. Founded by an evolutionary anthropologist, this parenting resource is for critical thinkers -- people who want to understand child development from the perspectives of psychology, anthropology, evolution, and cognitive neuroscience. I’ve got opinions. But who cares? BABY SLEEP PATTERNS FOR THE SCIENCE-MINDED Baby sleep patterns are shaped by a mix of genetic and environmental factors. For instance, in two studies of 6-month old babies, almost half the individual variation in nighttime sleep duration could be explained by genetic factors (Dionne et al 2015; Touchette et al2013).
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN ADULTS LIE TO CHILDREN? What happens when adults lie to children? The evidence suggests that kids become more dishonest with us, and not only that: When we make a practice of telling children lies, kids may be at a higher risk of developing aggressive and antisocial behavior problems. DIGITAL CAMERAS FOR KIDS: COOL TOOLS AND WINDOWS INTO YOUR Digital cameras for kids have many uses. They give us the opportunity to see the world from our kids' perspectives. They are also useful learning tools--helping kids expand their vocabularies, hone their story-telling skills, and enrich their scientific investigations. Here I review some of the research about child photographers, and I offer PRESCHOOL SOCIAL SKILLS: HOW TO RAISE KIND AND COMPETENT KIDS Preschool social skills depend several core competencies, including self-control, empathy, and verbal ability. And while they include a knowledge of basic etiquette -- like knowing when to say "please" and "thank you" -- the most crucial skills are psychological.. To become socially adept, kids need to learn a lot about emotions and humannature.
BOOSTING IRON ABSORPTION: A GUIDE TO FOR THE SCIENCE-MINDED Phytates, which are found in most plant foods, can reduce iron absorption by up to 80%. But vitamin C—consumed along with a meal--can counteract the effect. In one study, preschoolers with iron deficiency anemia were given vitamin C supplements twice a WHEN DO BABIES START WALKING, AND HOW DOES IT DEVELOP When do babies start walking? In the United States today, the average age of independent walking is approximately 12 months. Researchers report similar timing for babies in a number of other countries, including Argentina, Ghana, India, Norway, Oman, South Africa, andTurkey.
HOW TELEVISION AFFECTS SLEEP -- AND WHAT WE CAN DO TO The blue light emitted by screens can interfere with your brain’s production of melatonin at night, making it harder for you to fall asleep. Exciting or disturbing content can switch your mind into high gear, making it harder to wind down, and harder to sleep deeply. The timing of television viewing may push back bedtime, and contribute to NIGHTMARES AND NIGHT TERRORS IN CHILDREN: CAUSES AND Night terrors tend to occur earlier in the night, when children spend more time in deep sleep. Sleep terrors are not associated with REM sleep. Instead, they occur when a child is partially aroused from deep sleep--usually 1-2 hours after sleep onset (Moore et al 2006). Children may appear highly distressed, and they seem to be awake. PURE BULLIES: COOL, CONFIDENT, AND SOCIALLY-ADEPT Pure bullies aren't social oafs. Experiments on British kids have shown that bullies actually outperformed their peers on social cognition tasks. In particular, these kids—aged 7 to 10 years—did a better job of identifying the mental states and emotions of the main character in a story (Sutton et al 1999).* Home
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* Online studies to join PARENTING FOR THE SCIENCE-MINDED -- BY GWEN DEWAR, PH.D Founded by an evolutionary anthropologist, this parenting resource is for critical thinkers -- people who want to understand child development from the perspectives of psychology, anthropology, evolution, and cognitive neuroscience. I’ve got opinions. But who cares? You might be a scientist, physician, or teacher. Maybe you're an educated, skeptical layperson who loves science. Whatever the case, you don't need a sermon. You need evidence. You can draw your own conclusions. So here it is: No folk theories. No preachy advice. No authoritarian pronouncements or pseudoscientific political dogma. Instead, you’ll find my analysis of the research, fully-referenced so you know where to go if you want to dig deeper yourself.RECENT HIGHLIGHTS
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MORAL SENSE: BABIES PREFER UNDERDOGS AND DO-GOODERSSep 20, 19 08:18 PM
Do babies possess a sense of morality? They seem to care about victims, and they prefer individuals who treat others with kindnessand fairness.
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DO BABIES FEEL EMPATHY?Sep 06, 19 07:10 PM
Yes, babies feel empathy. They can "catch" other people's emotions. They show sympathy, and even offer to help. But their behavior depends on how we treat them.Read More
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ONLINE PARENTING STUDIES: RESEARCHERS SEEKING VOLUNTEERSAug 05, 19 01:34 PM
Want to participate in scientific research? Read more about the latest online parenting studies.Read More
------------------------- PRAISE FOR PARENTING SCIENCE " welcome antidote to the opinion dressed up as science that parents are constantly fed. Tear up your parenting books and get yourselves over there..." - Charles Fernyhough,Ph.D.,
developmental psychologist and author of _A Thousand Days of Wonder: A Scientist’s Chronicle of his Daughter’s Developing Mind_ ------------------------- "...ne of the most awesome websites I’ve seen in a long time…In addition to being helpful to academic parents, I see this site being useful in anthropology courses on human sexuality, life history, parenting, evolutionary medicine, evolutionary psychology, etc. Pleasecheck it out!"
- Julienne Rutherford, Ph.D., University of Illinois biological anthropologist and founder of the_ Biological Anthropology Developing Investigators Troop_ (BANDIT) ------------------------- "I came across a great website run by Gwen Dewar, one I wish it had been available to me when my children were young. I hope everyone interested in math and kids will look at _In search of the smart preschool board game_and
other pages on this site." - Bill Marsh, Ph.D., in mathematics and author of _MathInking,_ a blogabout teaching math
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------------------------- Copyright © 2006-2019 by Gwen Dewar, Ph.D.; all rights reserved. For educational purposes only. If you suspect you have a medical problem, please see a physician.Powered by SBI
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