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ORACLE DBA LEARN ORACLE 11G / 12 Using multiple tablespaces provides several Advantages. Separate user data from data dictionary data to reduce contention among dictionary objects and schema objects for the same datafiles. FORMATING ORACLE DATES AND DATE FUNCTIONS Select to_char (sysdate,’DAY’)”Today” FROM DUAL; TODAY. -------. THURSDAY. To translate a character value, which is in format other than the default date format, into a date value you can use TO_DATE function with date format to date. Like this “DAY” format model there are many other date format models available in Oracle. ORACLE DATATYPES AND CREATING TABLES Datatypes and Creating Tables. A table is the data structure that holds data in a relational database. A table is composed of rows and columns. A table in Oracle Ver. 7.3 can have maximum 255 Columns and in Oracle Ver. 8 and above a table can have maximum 1000 columns. Number of rows in a table is unlimited in all the versions. HOW TO USE AND MANAGE ORACLE OBJECTS AND OBJECT TYPESSEE MORE ON ORACLE-DBA-ONLINE.COM ORACLE SUB QUERIES, GROUP BY QUERIESSEE MORE ON ORACLE-DBA-ONLINE.COM TAKING INCREMENTAL BACKUPS USING ORACLE RMAN Type the following command at RMAN prompt. RMAN> backup incremental level 0 database; The above backup can now be considered as base backup or parent backup. Next day we can take incremental level 1 backup which will copy only the changes made since last backup. To make incremental level 1 backup give the following command. JOIN QUERIES IN ORACLE A join is a query that combines rows from two or more tables, views, or materialized views. Oracle performs a join whenever multiple tables appear in the query's FROM clause. The query's select list can select any columns from any of these tables. If any two of these tables have a column name in common, you must qualify all references to these HOW TO TAKE TALESPACE OFFLINE & ONLINE Taking tablespaces Offline or Online. You can take an online tablespace offline so that it is temporarily unavailable for general use. The rest of the database remains open CROSSCHECK COMMAND IN RMAN If a corresponding backup is not available on the disk then Crosscheck command marks the backup as Expired otherwise it marks it as Available. To check status of all backupsets we can give the following command. RMAN> crosscheck backup; To check status of all image copies we can give the following command. RMAN> crosscheck copy; FORMATTING NUMBERS, DATES IN ORACLE SQL PLUS SQL> col sal format $999,99,999.99. and now you will get the output like this. Similarly you can also format all numeric values by giving the following command. SQL> set numformat "999,99,999.99". Remember the above command will format all numeric values i.e. even empno, deptno etc will be shown in the format, which you don't want in mostcase.
ORACLE DATATYPES AND CREATING TABLES Datatypes and Creating Tables. A table is the data structure that holds data in a relational database. A table is composed of rows and columns. A table in Oracle Ver. 7.3 can have maximum 255 Columns and in Oracle Ver. 8 and above a table can have maximum 1000 columns. Number of rows in a table is unlimited in all the versions. HOW TO USE AND MANAGE ORACLE OBJECTS AND OBJECT TYPES Oracle object technology is a layer of abstraction built on Oracle's relational technology. New object types can be created from any built-in database types and/or any previously created object types, object references, and collection types. Meta-data for user-defined types is stored in a schema that is available to SQL, PL/SQL, Java,and other
ORACLE SUB QUERIES, GROUP BY QUERIES You can also use subquery in FROM clause of SELECT statement. For example the following query returns the top 5 salaries from employees table. Select sal from (select sal from emp order sal desc) where rownum crosscheck backup; To check status of all image copies we can give the following command. RMAN> crosscheck copy; ORACLE EXPORT AND IMPORT UTILITY Using Oracle Export and Import. These tools are used to transfer data from one oracle database to another oracle database. You Export tool to export data from source database, and Import tool to load data into the target database. When you export tables from source database export tool will extracts the tables and puts it into the dump file. ORACLE CHARACTER FUNCTIONS INSTR. Tests whether a given character occurs in the given string or not. If the character occurs in the string then returns the first position of its occurrence otherwise returns 0. Example. The following query tests whether the character “a” occurs in string “mohammed sami”. select instr MANAGING TEMPORARY TABLESPACE IN ORACLE Temporary Tablespace. Temporary tablespace is used for sorting large tables. Every database should have one temporary tablespace. A temporary tablespace is usually created at RETENTION POLICY IN RMAN Deleting Obsolete Backups. We can delete obsolete backups by giving the following command. RMAN> delete obsolete; Once retention policy is configured we can anytime issue the above command to delete old backups and free up space. ORACLE SQL LOADER EXAMPLE: MIGRATE MS SQL SERVER TO ORACLE Here is a step by step example on how to copy the data from an MS SQL Server table to Oracle using Oracle's SQL Loader utility. To describe the scenario, let's say suppose we have a table in MS SQL Server by name "Customers" in Northwind sample database. HOW TO RECOVER FROM LOSS OF DATAFILE BY CHANGING LOCATION The output is shown below when we execute the above script. Step 4. We can now go to SQL Plus and open the database and check status of thedatafile
ORACLE DBA LEARN ORACLE 11G / 12 Using multiple tablespaces provides several Advantages. Separate user data from data dictionary data to reduce contention among dictionary objects and schema objects for the same datafiles. FORMATING ORACLE DATES AND DATE FUNCTIONS Select to_char (sysdate,’DAY’)”Today” FROM DUAL; TODAY. -------. THURSDAY. To translate a character value, which is in format other than the default date format, into a date value you can use TO_DATE function with date format to date. Like this “DAY” format model there are many other date format models available in Oracle. ORACLE SQL SELECT STATEMENTSEE MORE ON ORACLE-DBA-ONLINE.COM CROSSCHECK COMMAND IN RMAN If a corresponding backup is not available on the disk then Crosscheck command marks the backup as Expired otherwise it marks it as Available. To check status of all backupsets we can give the following command. RMAN> crosscheck backup; To check status of all image copies we can give the following command. RMAN> crosscheck copy; ORACLE CHARACTER FUNCTIONS INSTR. Tests whether a given character occurs in the given string or not. If the character occurs in the string then returns the first position of its occurrence otherwise returns 0. Example. The following query tests whether the character “a” occurs in string “mohammed sami”. select instr HOW TO TAKE TALESPACE OFFLINE & ONLINE Taking tablespaces Offline or Online. You can take an online tablespace offline so that it is temporarily unavailable for general use. The rest of the database remains open TAKING INCREMENTAL BACKUPS USING ORACLE RMAN Type the following command at RMAN prompt. RMAN> backup incremental level 0 database; The above backup can now be considered as base backup or parent backup. Next day we can take incremental level 1 backup which will copy only the changes made since last backup. To make incremental level 1 backup give the following command. MANAGING TEMPORARY TABLESPACE IN ORACLE Temporary Tablespace. Temporary tablespace is used for sorting large tables. Every database should have one temporary tablespace. A temporary tablespace is usually created at FORMATTING NUMBERS, DATES IN ORACLE SQL PLUS SQL> col sal format $999,99,999.99. and now you will get the output like this. Similarly you can also format all numeric values by giving the following command. SQL> set numformat "999,99,999.99". Remember the above command will format all numeric values i.e. even empno, deptno etc will be shown in the format, which you don't want in mostcase.
ORACLE SQL LOADER EXAMPLE: MIGRATE MS SQL SERVER TO ORACLE Here is a step by step example on how to copy the data from an MS SQL Server table to Oracle using Oracle's SQL Loader utility. To describe the scenario, let's say suppose we have a table in MS SQL Server by name "Customers" in Northwind sample database. ORACLE DBA LEARN ORACLE 11G / 12 Using multiple tablespaces provides several Advantages. Separate user data from data dictionary data to reduce contention among dictionary objects and schema objects for the same datafiles. FORMATING ORACLE DATES AND DATE FUNCTIONS Select to_char (sysdate,’DAY’)”Today” FROM DUAL; TODAY. -------. THURSDAY. To translate a character value, which is in format other than the default date format, into a date value you can use TO_DATE function with date format to date. Like this “DAY” format model there are many other date format models available in Oracle. ORACLE SQL SELECT STATEMENTSEE MORE ON ORACLE-DBA-ONLINE.COM CROSSCHECK COMMAND IN RMAN If a corresponding backup is not available on the disk then Crosscheck command marks the backup as Expired otherwise it marks it as Available. To check status of all backupsets we can give the following command. RMAN> crosscheck backup; To check status of all image copies we can give the following command. RMAN> crosscheck copy; ORACLE CHARACTER FUNCTIONS INSTR. Tests whether a given character occurs in the given string or not. If the character occurs in the string then returns the first position of its occurrence otherwise returns 0. Example. The following query tests whether the character “a” occurs in string “mohammed sami”. select instr ORACLE SQL FUNCTIONS Number Functions (also known as Math Functions) Number functions accept numeric input and return numeric values. Most of these functions return values that are accurate to 38 decimal digits. The number functions available in Oracle are: ABS ACOS ASIN ATAN ATAN2 BITAND CEIL COS COSH EXP FLOOR LN LOG. MOD POWER ROUND (number) SIGNSIN SINH SQRT
ORACLE CHARACTER FUNCTIONS INSTR. Tests whether a given character occurs in the given string or not. If the character occurs in the string then returns the first position of its occurrence otherwise returns 0. Example. The following query tests whether the character “a” occurs in string “mohammed sami”. select instr ORACLE SQL SELECT STATEMENT SQL Queries, SELECT Statement. Use a SELECT statement or subquery to retrieve data from one or more tables, object tables, views, object views, or materialized views. For example to retrieve all rows from emp table. SQL> select empno, ename, sal from emp; Or (if you want to see all the columns values. You can also give * which means allcolumns)
MANAGING TEMPORARY TABLESPACE IN ORACLE Temporary Tablespace. Temporary tablespace is used for sorting large tables. Every database should have one temporary tablespace. A temporary tablespace is usually created at JOIN QUERIES IN ORACLE A join is a query that combines rows from two or more tables, views, or materialized views. Oracle performs a join whenever multiple tables appear in the query's FROM clause. The query's select list can select any columns from any of these tables. If any two of these tables have a column name in common, you must qualify all references to these TAKING INCREMENTAL BACKUPS USING ORACLE RMAN Type the following command at RMAN prompt. RMAN> backup incremental level 0 database; The above backup can now be considered as base backup or parent backup. Next day we can take incremental level 1 backup which will copy only the changes made since last backup. To make incremental level 1 backup give the following command. HOW OT USE ORACLE IMPORT TOOL Using Import Utility. Objects exported by export utility can only be imported by Import utility. Import utility can run in Interactive mode or command line mode. HOW TO CREATE PARTITION TABLES IN ORACLE To create a partition table give the following statement. create table sales (year number (4), product varchar2 (10), amt number (10,2)) partition by range (year) partition p1 values less than (1992) tablespace u1, partition p2 values less than (1993) tablespace u2,partition p3
HOW TO CREATE AND MANAGE VIEWS IN ORACLE If you issue the SQL statement: UPDATE Emp_view SET Ename = 'SHAHRYAR' WHERE Empno = 109; then the EMP base table that underlies the view changes, and employee 109's name changes from ASHI to SHAHRYAR in the EMP table. However, if you create a view that involves a join operation, such as: CREATE VIEW Emp_dept_view AS. HOW TO TAKE OFFLINE BACKUPS USING RMAN Taking full database backup using RMAN when database is in NOARCHIVELOG Mode. When the database is running in NOARCHIVELOG mode then you can take only offline full database backups. i.e. you cannot take online backups.ORACLE DBA
LEARN ORACLE 11G / 12C DATABASE ADMIN STEP BY STEPORACLE SQL
TUTORIAL FOR ORACLE SQL ORACLE DBA INTERVIEW QUESTIONS MOST ASKED ORACLE DBA INTERVIEW QUESTIONS. 60 TECHNICAL QUESTIONS 42 BACKUP & RECOVERY QUESTIONS UNIX FOR ORACLE DBA 20 QUESTIONS DOWNLOAD ORACLE 11G / 12 C SOFTWARE LINKS TO DOWNLOAD ORACLE 12C / 11G FOR LINUX, WINDOWS ETC.MYSQL TUTORIAL
LEARN MYSQL STEP BY STEP ------------------------- Oracle 11g / 12c Tutorial Topics ORACLE DATABASE ADMINISTRATION CONTENTS Introduction to Oracle Database Overview of Oracle Grid Architecture Difference between a cluster and a grid Responsibilities of Database Administrators CREATING ORACLE DATABASE Creating Oracle 11g / 10g Database using SQL commands Creating Oracle Container Database in 12c using DBCA Creating Oracle Container Database in 12c using SQL commands MANAGING ORACLE 12C CONTAINER DATABASES Creating User Accounts and Connecting to Oracle 12c Container andPluggable Databases
MANAGING PLUGGABLE DATABASES IN ORACLE 12C Creating Pluggable Database from Seed Cloning an Existing Pluggable Database Unplugging and Plugging databases from one CDB to another CDB MANAGING TABLESPACES AND DATAFILES Creating New Tablespaces Bigfile Tablespaces (Introduced in Oracle Ver. 10g) To Extend the Size of a tablespace To decrease the size of a tablespace Coalescing Tablespaces Taking tablespaces Offline or Online Making a Tablespace Read only. Renaming Tablespaces Dropping Tablespaces Viewing Information about Tablespaces and Datafiles Relocating or Renaming Datafiles Renaming or Relocating Datafiles belonging to a Single Tablespace Procedure for Renaming and Relocating Datafiles in MultipleTablespaces
TEMPORARY TABLESPACE Increasing or Decreasing the size of a Temporary TablespaceTablespace Groups
Creating a Temporary Tablespace Group Assigning a Tablespace Group as the Default Temporary Tablespace DIAGNOSING AND REPAIRING LOCALLY MANAGED TABLESPACE PROBLEMS Scenario 1: Fixing Bitmap When Allocated Blocks are Marked Free (NoOverlap)
Scenario 2: Dropping a Corrupted Segment Scenario 3: Fixing Bitmap Where Overlap is Reported Scenario 4: Correcting Media Corruption of Bitmap Blocks Scenario 5: Migrating from a Dictionary-Managed to a Locally ManagedTablespace
TRANSPORTING TABLESPACES Procedure for transporting tablespaces Transporting Tablespace Example MANAGING REDO LOGFILES Adding a New Redo Logfile Group Adding Members to an existing group Dropping Members from a group Dropping Logfile GroupResizing Logfiles
Renaming or Relocating Logfiles Clearing REDO LOGFILES Viewing Information About Logfiles MANAGING CONTROL FILES Multiplexing Control File Changing the Name of a Database Creating A New Control File Cloning an Oracle Database MANAGING THE UNDO TABLESPACE Switching to Automatic Management of Undo Space Calculating the Space Requirements For Undo Retention Altering UNDO Tablespace Dropping an Undo Tablespace Switching Undo Tablespaces Viewing Information about Undo TablespaceSQL LOADER
Example: Convert Data from MS-ACCESS to Oracle Example: Migrate Data from Fixed Length file into Oracle Example: Convert from MySQL to Oracle Example: Migrating data from MS SQL Server to Oracle Loading Data into Multiple Tables using WHEN condition Conventional Path Load and Direct Path LoadDirect Path
Restrictions on Using Direct Path LoadsEXPORT AND IMPORT
Invoking Export and Import Command Line Parameters of Export tool Example of Exporting Full Database Example of Exporting Schemas Exporting Individual Tables Exporting Consistent Image of the tables USING IMPORT UTILITY Example Importing Individual Tables Example, Importing Tables of One User account into another Useraccount
Example Importing Tables Using Pattern Matching Migrating a Database across platformsDATA PUMP UTILITY
Using Data Pump Export Utility Example of Exporting a Full Database Example of Exporting a Schema Exporting Individual Tables using Data Pump Export Excluding and Including Objects during Export Using Query to Filter Rows during Export Suspending and Resuming Export Jobs (Attaching and Re-Attaching to theJobs)
DATA PUMP IMPORT UTILITY Importing Full Dump File Importing Objects of One Schema to another Schema Loading Objects of one Tablespace to another Tablespace Generating SQL File containing DDL commands using Data Pump Import Importing objects of only a Particular Schema Importing Only Particular Tables Running Import Utility in Interactive ModeFLASH BACK FEATURES
Flashback Query
Using Flashback Version Query Using Flashback Table to return Table to Past States Purging Objects from Recycle Bin Flashback Drop of Multiple Objects With the Same Original Name Flashback Database: Alternative to Point-In-Time Recovery Enabling Flash Back Database To how much size we should set the flash recovery area How far you can flashback database Example: Flashing Back Database to a point in time FLASHBACK DATA ARCHIVE (ORACLE TOTAL RECALL)Introduction
Creating Flashback Data Archive tablespace Creating Flashback Data Archive Querying historical dataLOG MINER
LogMiner Configuration LogMiner Dictionary Options Using the Online Catalog Extracting a LogMiner Dictionary to the Redo Log Files Extracting the LogMiner Dictionary to a Flat File Redo Log File Options Example: Finding All Modifications in the Current Redo Log File Example : Mining Redo Log Files in a Given Time RangeBACKUP AND RECOVERY
Opening the Database in Archivelog Mode Bringing the Database again in NoArchiveLog mode Taking Offline (COLD) Backups Taking Online (HOT) Backups Recovering from the Loss of a Datafile When the Database is running in Noarchivelog Mode When the Database is running in Archivelog Mode Recovering from loss of Control File RECOVERY MANAGER ( RMAN ) Taking Offline Backups using RMAN Recovering the Database running in NOARCHIVELOG mode using RMAN Taking Online Backups using RMAN Taking backups of particular tablespaces or datafiles using RMAN How to take Image Backups in RMAN Taking Incremental Backup using RMAN Incrementally updating backup copy for fast recovery View information about RMAN backups Configuring Retention policy in Oracle RMAN Configure various Options in RMAN Maintaining RMAN Repository Recovering from the loss of datafiles using RMAN (Archivelog mode) Recovering from the loss of datafile by changing it's location Performing Disaster Recovery using RMAN More coming soon.....Home Contact Us
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