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MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 4.2.1 Material: » Sodium chloride 0.5mol dm-3 » Potassium chloride 0.5mol dm-3 » Silver nitrate 0.5mol dm-3: Apparatus: » Polystyrene cup » Thermometer » Measuring cylinder MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 2.3.1 1. Each crucible is filled with 2cm 3 of hexane and 2cm 3 of hexene.: 2. Lighted splinter is used to light up the contents in each crucible. 3. Colour and sootiness of the flames are observed. MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 2.3.2 2.3.2 - Laboratory Activity : Comparing the Chemical Properties between Alkane and Alkene MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 3.1.4 Metallic ions will formed if a metal acts as a reducing agent. » Metal will formed if a metallic ion acts as an oxidising agent. MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 6.3.3 1. Electricity is passed through the copper(II) sulphate solution by using carbon electrodes for 15 minutes. 2. The gases collected at the electrodes are tested and observation are recorded. MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 3.3.1 1. Magnesium powder, glass wool and potassium manganate (VII) are placed in a test tube as shown above: 2. Heat the magnesium powderuntil it
MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 4.2.1 Material: » Sodium chloride 0.5mol dm-3 » Potassium chloride 0.5mol dm-3 » Silver nitrate 0.5mol dm-3: Apparatus: » Polystyrene cup » Thermometer » Measuring cylinder MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 2.3.1 1. Each crucible is filled with 2cm 3 of hexane and 2cm 3 of hexene.: 2. Lighted splinter is used to light up the contents in each crucible. 3. Colour and sootiness of the flames are observed. MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 2.3.2 2.3.2 - Laboratory Activity : Comparing the Chemical Properties between Alkane and Alkene MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 3.1.4 Metallic ions will formed if a metal acts as a reducing agent. » Metal will formed if a metallic ion acts as an oxidising agent. MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 7.1.2 Aim: To study the role of water in showing the properties of an alkali Problem statement: Does water needed to be present to enable a base to show its alkaline properties? Hypothesis: Water must be present for a base to show its alkaline properties. Variable: » MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 4.5.1 Aim: To study the changes of oxide properties for elements in Period 3. Problem statement: How do the properties of element oxides changes across the Period 3? Hypothesis: Oxide properties of Period 3 change from base to acid when crossing the period. Variable: » MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 9.3.2 1. Each nail is cleaned with sand paper. 2. Iron nail is put into test tube A, steel nail is put into test tube B and stainless steel nail is put into test tube C. MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 4.5.1 All alcohol contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Burning of alcohol is an exothermic reaction, heat of combustion will have negative values. The amount of heat given out will depends on the number of carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms they contain, the mass of alcohol intheir molecules.
MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 7.4.1 1. 25cm 3 of sodium hydroxide solution is transferred into the conical flask. 2 drops of phenolphthalein are added to it.: 2. Hydrochloric acid is poured into the burette using a filter funnel until the 0 mark. 3. The apparatus is arranged as shown in the diagram. MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 5.4.1 Sodium chloride does not melt when heated because its melting point is very high. But naphthalene melts at about 8OᵒC . Sodium chloride isan ionic compound.
MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 4.2.1 Material: » Sodium chloride 0.5mol dm-3 » Potassium chloride 0.5mol dm-3 » Silver nitrate 0.5mol dm-3: Apparatus: » Polystyrene cup » Thermometer » Measuring cylinder MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 1.2.2 1. 50cm 3 of sodium thiosulphate, Na 2 S 2 O 3 0.2mol dm-3, is measured with a measuring cylinder and poured it into a conical flask.: 2. A cross 'X' is drawn in the middle of the filter paper.A conical flask containing the sodium thiosulphate solution is placed on top of the marked filter paper. 3. The cross 'X' can be easily seen through the conical flask containing the sodium thiosulphate MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 4.3.3 2. A small piece of lithium is cut with a knife. Dry it with filter paper: 3. The lithium is placed in the gas jar spoon by using a forceps. 4. The lithium is heated until it begins to burn, then it is plunged into a gas jar filled with chlorine. MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 4.3.2 Aim: To study the reaction of alkali metals with water Problem statement: How do lithium, sodium and potassium differ in reactivity with water? Hypothesis: Reactivity increases for the reaction between alkali metals and water when going down Group 1 Variable: » MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 2.3.1 1. Each crucible is filled with 2cm 3 of hexane and 2cm 3 of hexene.: 2. Lighted splinter is used to light up the contents in each crucible. 3. Colour and sootiness of the flames are observed. MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 4.5.1 All alcohol contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Burning of alcohol is an exothermic reaction, heat of combustion will have negative values. The amount of heat given out will depends on the number of carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms they contain, the mass of alcohol intheir molecules.
MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 9.3.2 1. Each nail is cleaned with sand paper. 2. Iron nail is put into test tube A, steel nail is put into test tube B and stainless steel nail is put into test tube C. MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 3.5.1 LABORATORY ACTIVITY 2. A piece of asbestos paper is placed in a combustion tube. Weigh with a chemical balance. 3. A spatula of dry copper(II) oxide powder in placed on the asbestos paper and the combustion tube and is weighedagain.
MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 6.3.3 2. The gases collected at the electrodes are tested and observation are recorded. 3. The experiment is repeated by using copper electrodes . 4. 2 copper plates are cleaned with sandpaper and weighted separately. 5. Electricity is passed through the copper (II) sulphate solution by using copper electrodes for 15 minutes. 6. MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 4.2.1 From the equation 1 mole of AgNO 3 will react with 1 mole of NaCl to form 1 mole of AgCl. Therefore 1 mole of AgCl will liberate ( 1 0.0125) y joules = 80y joules = 80y 1000 kJ. Heat of precipitation of silver chloride, ΔH = 80y 1000 kJ mol − 1. . The calculation is MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 3.3.1 Hypothesis: Different metal react at different levels with oxygen. The animation below shows the arrangement of the apparatus and the observation of the experiment. 1. 2. Heat the magnesium powder until it glows, followed by the heating of potassium manganate (VII). 3. The reactivity of the burning of magnesium, the colour of product (coldand
MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 2.3.2 2.3.2 - Laboratory Activity : Comparing the Chemical Properties between Alkane and Alkene MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 4.5.1 Aim: To study the changes of oxide properties for elements in Period 3. Problem statement: How do the properties of element oxides changes across the Period 3? Hypothesis: Oxide properties of Period 3 change from base to acid when crossing the period. Variable: » MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 2.3.1 1. Each crucible is filled with 2cm 3 of hexane and 2cm 3 of hexene.: 2. Lighted splinter is used to light up the contents in each crucible. 3. Colour and sootiness of the flames are observed. MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 3.1.4 Metallic ions will formed if a metal acts as a reducing agent. » Metal will formed if a metallic ion acts as an oxidising agent. MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 7.1.2 Hypothesis: Water must be present for a base to show its alkaline properties. The animation below shows the arrangement and results of the experiment. 1. A few pieces of dry calcium hydroxide are placed in a dry test tube. 2. 10cm 3 of calcium hydroxide solution poured into another test tube. 3. MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 4.5.1 Heat of combustion for methanol. Volume of water used = 100cm 3 . Therefore the mass of water used = 100g. Heat change in water = mc∆θ. = (250 X 4.2 X θ 1) joules. = H joules. Molar mass of methanol CH 3 OH = 32 + 3 + 16 + 1 = 32g. Mass of methanol burnt = M. Number of moles of methanol burnt = M 32 = x moles. MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 9.3.2 9.3.2 - Laboratory Activity : Comparing the rate of corrosion of iron, steel and stainless steel MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 6.3.3 2. The gases collected at the electrodes are tested and observation are recorded. 3. The experiment is repeated by using copper electrodes . 4. 2 copper plates are cleaned with sandpaper and weighted separately. 5. Electricity is passed through the copper (II) sulphate solution by using copper electrodes for 15 minutes. 6. MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 4.2.1 From the equation 1 mole of AgNO 3 will react with 1 mole of NaCl to form 1 mole of AgCl. Therefore 1 mole of AgCl will liberate ( 1 0.0125) y joules = 80y joules = 80y 1000 kJ. Heat of precipitation of silver chloride, ΔH = 80y 1000 kJ mol − 1. . The calculation is MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 3.3.1 Hypothesis: Different metal react at different levels with oxygen. The animation below shows the arrangement of the apparatus and the observation of the experiment. 1. 2. Heat the magnesium powder until it glows, followed by the heating of potassium manganate (VII). 3. The reactivity of the burning of magnesium, the colour of product (coldand
MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 2.3.2 2.3.2 - Laboratory Activity : Comparing the Chemical Properties between Alkane and Alkene MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 4.5.1 Aim: To study the changes of oxide properties for elements in Period 3. Problem statement: How do the properties of element oxides changes across the Period 3? Hypothesis: Oxide properties of Period 3 change from base to acid when crossing the period. Variable: » MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 2.3.1 1. Each crucible is filled with 2cm 3 of hexane and 2cm 3 of hexene.: 2. Lighted splinter is used to light up the contents in each crucible. 3. Colour and sootiness of the flames are observed. MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 3.1.4 Metallic ions will formed if a metal acts as a reducing agent. » Metal will formed if a metallic ion acts as an oxidising agent. MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 7.1.2 Hypothesis: Water must be present for a base to show its alkaline properties. The animation below shows the arrangement and results of the experiment. 1. A few pieces of dry calcium hydroxide are placed in a dry test tube. 2. 10cm 3 of calcium hydroxide solution poured into another test tube. 3. MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 4.5.1 Heat of combustion for methanol. Volume of water used = 100cm 3 . Therefore the mass of water used = 100g. Heat change in water = mc∆θ. = (250 X 4.2 X θ 1) joules. = H joules. Molar mass of methanol CH 3 OH = 32 + 3 + 16 + 1 = 32g. Mass of methanol burnt = M. Number of moles of methanol burnt = M 32 = x moles. MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 9.3.2 9.3.2 - Laboratory Activity : Comparing the rate of corrosion of iron, steel and stainless steel MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 4.2.1 From the equation 1 mole of AgNO 3 will react with 1 mole of NaCl to form 1 mole of AgCl. Therefore 1 mole of AgCl will liberate ( 1 0.0125) y joules = 80y joules = 80y 1000 kJ. Heat of precipitation of silver chloride, ΔH = 80y 1000 kJ mol − 1. . The calculation is then repeated with potassium chloride solution. MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 7.4.1 7.4.1 - Laboratory Activity : Acid-base titration. 1. 25cm 3 of sodium hydroxide solution is transferred into the conical flask. 2 drops of phenolphthalein are added to it. 2. Hydrochloric acid is poured into the burette using a filter funnel until the 0 mark. 3. MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 1.2.2 1. 50cm 3 of sodium thiosulphate, Na 2 S 2 O 3 0.2mol dm-3, is measured with a measuring cylinder and poured it into a conical flask.: 2. A cross 'X' is drawn in the middle of the filter paper.A conical flask containing the sodium thiosulphate solution is placed on top of the marked filter paper. 3. The cross 'X' can be easily seen through the conical flask containing the sodium thiosulphate MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 4.3.3 2. A small piece of lithium is cut with a knife. Dry it with filter paper: 3. The lithium is placed in the gas jar spoon by using a forceps. 4. The lithium is heated until it begins to burn, then it is plunged into a gas jar filled with chlorine. MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 5.4.1 Sodium chloride does not melt when heated because its melting point is very high. But naphthalene melts at about 8OᵒC . Sodium chloride isan ionic compound.
MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 4.3.2 Aim: To study the reaction of alkali metals with water Problem statement: How do lithium, sodium and potassium differ in reactivity with water? Hypothesis: Reactivity increases for the reaction between alkali metals and water when going down Group 1 Variable: » MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 2.3.1 1. Each crucible is filled with 2cm 3 of hexane and 2cm 3 of hexene.: 2. Lighted splinter is used to light up the contents in each crucible. 3. Colour and sootiness of the flames are observed. MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 4.5.1 Heat of combustion for methanol. Volume of water used = 100cm 3 . Therefore the mass of water used = 100g. Heat change in water = mc∆θ. = (250 X 4.2 X θ 1) joules. = H joules. Molar mass of methanol CH 3 OH = 32 + 3 + 16 + 1 = 32g. Mass of methanol burnt = M. Number of moles of methanol burnt = M 32 = x moles. MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 3.5.1 LABORATORY ACTIVITY 2. A piece of asbestos paper is placed in a combustion tube. Weigh with a chemical balance. 3. A spatula of dry copper(II) oxide powder in placed on the asbestos paper and the combustion tube and is weighedagain.
MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 9.3.2 9.3.2 - Laboratory Activity : Comparing the rate of corrosion of iron, steel and stainless steel MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 6.3.3 1. Electricity is passed through the copper(II) sulphate solution by using carbon electrodes for 15 minutes. 2. The gases collected at the electrodes are tested and observation are recorded. MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 2.3.2 2.3.2 - Laboratory Activity : Comparing the Chemical Properties between Alkane and Alkene MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 3.1.4 Metallic ions will formed if a metal acts as a reducing agent. » Metal will formed if a metallic ion acts as an oxidising agent. MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 4.5.1 Aim: To study the changes of oxide properties for elements in Period 3. Problem statement: How do the properties of element oxides changes across the Period 3? Hypothesis: Oxide properties of Period 3 change from base to acid when crossing the period. Variable: » MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 4.3.3 2. A small piece of lithium is cut with a knife. Dry it with filter paper: 3. The lithium is placed in the gas jar spoon by using a forceps. 4. The lithium is heated until it begins to burn, then it is plunged into a gas jar filled with chlorine. MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 3.3.1 1. Magnesium powder, glass wool and potassium manganate (VII) are placed in a test tube as shown above: 2. Heat the magnesium powderuntil it
MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 4.5.1 All alcohol contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Burning of alcohol is an exothermic reaction, heat of combustion will have negative values. The amount of heat given out will depends on the number of carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms they contain, the mass of alcohol intheir molecules.
MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 3.5.1 LABORATORY ACTIVITY 2. A piece of asbestos paper is placed in a combustion tube. Weigh with a chemical balance. 3. A spatula of dry copper(II) oxide powder in placed on the asbestos paper and the combustion tube and is weighedagain.
MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 9.3.1 1. A steel ball bearing is taped to a block of copper. 2. The weight is pulled to a height of 50 cm above the ball bearing. 3. The weight is released from the height of 50cm. MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 7.1.2 Aim: To study the role of water in showing the properties of an alkali Problem statement: Does water needed to be present to enable a base to show its alkaline properties? Hypothesis: Water must be present for a base to show its alkaline properties. Variable: » MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 6.3.3 1. Electricity is passed through the copper(II) sulphate solution by using carbon electrodes for 15 minutes. 2. The gases collected at the electrodes are tested and observation are recorded. MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 2.3.2 2.3.2 - Laboratory Activity : Comparing the Chemical Properties between Alkane and Alkene MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 3.1.4 Metallic ions will formed if a metal acts as a reducing agent. » Metal will formed if a metallic ion acts as an oxidising agent. MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 4.5.1 Aim: To study the changes of oxide properties for elements in Period 3. Problem statement: How do the properties of element oxides changes across the Period 3? Hypothesis: Oxide properties of Period 3 change from base to acid when crossing the period. Variable: » MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 4.3.3 2. A small piece of lithium is cut with a knife. Dry it with filter paper: 3. The lithium is placed in the gas jar spoon by using a forceps. 4. The lithium is heated until it begins to burn, then it is plunged into a gas jar filled with chlorine. MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 3.3.1 1. Magnesium powder, glass wool and potassium manganate (VII) are placed in a test tube as shown above: 2. Heat the magnesium powderuntil it
MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 4.5.1 All alcohol contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Burning of alcohol is an exothermic reaction, heat of combustion will have negative values. The amount of heat given out will depends on the number of carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms they contain, the mass of alcohol intheir molecules.
MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 3.5.1 LABORATORY ACTIVITY 2. A piece of asbestos paper is placed in a combustion tube. Weigh with a chemical balance. 3. A spatula of dry copper(II) oxide powder in placed on the asbestos paper and the combustion tube and is weighedagain.
MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 9.3.1 1. A steel ball bearing is taped to a block of copper. 2. The weight is pulled to a height of 50 cm above the ball bearing. 3. The weight is released from the height of 50cm. MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 7.1.2 Aim: To study the role of water in showing the properties of an alkali Problem statement: Does water needed to be present to enable a base to show its alkaline properties? Hypothesis: Water must be present for a base to show its alkaline properties. Variable: » MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 1.2.2 1. 50cm 3 of sodium thiosulphate, Na 2 S 2 O 3 0.2mol dm-3, is measured with a measuring cylinder and poured it into a conical flask.: 2. A cross 'X' is drawn in the middle of the filter paper.A conical flask containing the sodium thiosulphate solution is placed on top of the marked filter paper. 3. The cross 'X' can be easily seen through the conical flask containing the sodium thiosulphate MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 4.2.1 Material: » Sodium chloride 0.5mol dm-3 » Potassium chloride 0.5mol dm-3 » Silver nitrate 0.5mol dm-3: Apparatus: » Polystyrene cup » Thermometer » Measuring cylinder MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 2.3.1 1. Each crucible is filled with 2cm 3 of hexane and 2cm 3 of hexene.: 2. Lighted splinter is used to light up the contents in each crucible. 3. Colour and sootiness of the flames are observed. MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 4.4.1 Bromine water is a bleaching agent but less effective compared to chlorine water. It bleached red litmus paper. Iodine does not dissolve easily in cold water. MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 4.3.2 Aim: To study the reaction of alkali metals with water Problem statement: How do lithium, sodium and potassium differ in reactivity with water? Hypothesis: Reactivity increases for the reaction between alkali metals and water when going down Group 1 Variable: » MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 7.1.1 The presence of the ethanoate, CH 3 COO-and hydrogen ion, H + cause blue litmus paper to turn red.: Electricity is also conducted by the aqueous solution because of the presence of freely moving ions in thesolution.
MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 5.2.1 1. A sandpaper is used to clean the magnesium tape which is then rolled into a coil and placed in a crucible. 2. The crucible is heatedstrongly.
MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 3.5.1 LABORATORY ACTIVITY 2. A piece of asbestos paper is placed in a combustion tube. Weigh with a chemical balance. 3. A spatula of dry copper(II) oxide powder in placed on the asbestos paper and the combustion tube and is weighedagain.
MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 9.3.1 1. A steel ball bearing is taped to a block of copper. 2. The weight is pulled to a height of 50 cm above the ball bearing. 3. The weight is released from the height of 50cm. MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 6.6.1 Aim: To construct the electrochemical series based on potential differences between two metal in a simple cell Problem statement: How can the electrochemical series be built from the potential differences between two metals in a simple cell? Hypothesis: The electrochemical series can be built by measuring the potential differences between two metal in a simple cell. MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 6.3.3 1. Electricity is passed through the copper(II) sulphate solution by using carbon electrodes for 15 minutes. 2. The gases collected at the electrodes are tested and observation are recorded. MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 4.2.1 Material: » Sodium chloride 0.5mol dm-3 » Potassium chloride 0.5mol dm-3 » Silver nitrate 0.5mol dm-3: Apparatus: » Polystyrene cup » Thermometer » Measuring cylinder MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 3.3.1 1. Magnesium powder, glass wool and potassium manganate (VII) are placed in a test tube as shown above: 2. Heat the magnesium powderuntil it
MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 4.3.3 2. A small piece of lithium is cut with a knife. Dry it with filter paper: 3. The lithium is placed in the gas jar spoon by using a forceps. 4. The lithium is heated until it begins to burn, then it is plunged into a gas jar filled with chlorine. MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 4.4.3 Aim: To study the reaction between halogen and sodium hydroxide solution. Problem statement: How do chlorine, bromine and iodine react with sodium hydroxide solution? Hypothesis: Reactivity decreases for the reaction between halogen and sodium hydroxide solution when going down Group 17. Variable: » MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 2.3.2 2.3.2 - Laboratory Activity : Comparing the Chemical Properties between Alkane and Alkene MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 4.5.1 Aim: To study the changes of oxide properties for elements in Period 3. Problem statement: How do the properties of element oxides changes across the Period 3? Hypothesis: Oxide properties of Period 3 change from base to acid when crossing the period. Variable: » MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 5.4.1 Sodium chloride does not melt when heated because its melting point is very high. But naphthalene melts at about 8OᵒC . Sodium chloride isan ionic compound.
MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 3.1.4 Metallic ions will formed if a metal acts as a reducing agent. » Metal will formed if a metallic ion acts as an oxidising agent. MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 7.1.2 Aim: To study the role of water in showing the properties of an alkali Problem statement: Does water needed to be present to enable a base to show its alkaline properties? Hypothesis: Water must be present for a base to show its alkaline properties. Variable: » MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 6.3.3 1. Electricity is passed through the copper(II) sulphate solution by using carbon electrodes for 15 minutes. 2. The gases collected at the electrodes are tested and observation are recorded. MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 4.2.1 Material: » Sodium chloride 0.5mol dm-3 » Potassium chloride 0.5mol dm-3 » Silver nitrate 0.5mol dm-3: Apparatus: » Polystyrene cup » Thermometer » Measuring cylinder MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 3.3.1 1. Magnesium powder, glass wool and potassium manganate (VII) are placed in a test tube as shown above: 2. Heat the magnesium powderuntil it
MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 4.3.3 2. A small piece of lithium is cut with a knife. Dry it with filter paper: 3. The lithium is placed in the gas jar spoon by using a forceps. 4. The lithium is heated until it begins to burn, then it is plunged into a gas jar filled with chlorine. MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 4.4.3 Aim: To study the reaction between halogen and sodium hydroxide solution. Problem statement: How do chlorine, bromine and iodine react with sodium hydroxide solution? Hypothesis: Reactivity decreases for the reaction between halogen and sodium hydroxide solution when going down Group 17. Variable: » MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 2.3.2 2.3.2 - Laboratory Activity : Comparing the Chemical Properties between Alkane and Alkene MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 4.5.1 Aim: To study the changes of oxide properties for elements in Period 3. Problem statement: How do the properties of element oxides changes across the Period 3? Hypothesis: Oxide properties of Period 3 change from base to acid when crossing the period. Variable: » MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 5.4.1 Sodium chloride does not melt when heated because its melting point is very high. But naphthalene melts at about 8OᵒC . Sodium chloride isan ionic compound.
MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 3.1.4 Metallic ions will formed if a metal acts as a reducing agent. » Metal will formed if a metallic ion acts as an oxidising agent. MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 7.1.2 Aim: To study the role of water in showing the properties of an alkali Problem statement: Does water needed to be present to enable a base to show its alkaline properties? Hypothesis: Water must be present for a base to show its alkaline properties. Variable: » MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 7.4.1 1. 25cm 3 of sodium hydroxide solution is transferred into the conical flask. 2 drops of phenolphthalein are added to it.: 2. Hydrochloric acid is poured into the burette using a filter funnel until the 0 mark. 3. The apparatus is arranged as shown in the diagram. MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 5.4.1 Sodium chloride does not melt when heated because its melting point is very high. But naphthalene melts at about 8OᵒC . Sodium chloride isan ionic compound.
MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 2.3.2 2.3.2 - Laboratory Activity : Comparing the Chemical Properties between Alkane and Alkene MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 4.3.3 2. A small piece of lithium is cut with a knife. Dry it with filter paper: 3. The lithium is placed in the gas jar spoon by using a forceps. 4. The lithium is heated until it begins to burn, then it is plunged into a gas jar filled with chlorine. MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 2.1.2 LABORATORY ACTIVITY 1. 3 spatulas full of naphthalene powder are placed in a boiling tube. 2. A 500 ml beaker is filled with water until it is about full. It is then placed on a tripod stand. MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 7.1.1 The presence of the ethanoate, CH 3 COO-and hydrogen ion, H + cause blue litmus paper to turn red.: Electricity is also conducted by the aqueous solution because of the presence of freely moving ions in thesolution.
MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 4.4.3 Aim: To study the reaction between halogen and sodium hydroxide solution. Problem statement: How do chlorine, bromine and iodine react with sodium hydroxide solution? Hypothesis: Reactivity decreases for the reaction between halogen and sodium hydroxide solution when going down Group 17. Variable: » MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 4.3.2 Aim: To study the reaction of alkali metals with water Problem statement: How do lithium, sodium and potassium differ in reactivity with water? Hypothesis: Reactivity increases for the reaction between alkali metals and water when going down Group 1 Variable: » MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 2.1.1 LABORATORY ACTIVITY Aim: Investigating the diffusion of particles in a gas, liquid and solid Hypothesis: Diffusion takes place in a gas, liquid and solid.The rates of diffusion in a gas, liquid and solid are in decreasing order. Problem statement: Investigating the diffusion of particles in a gas, liquid and solid Variable: » MY SHARE LEARNING CONTENT: 1.2.1 1. A burette full of water is inverted in a basin of water and then clamped vertically with a retort stand. 2. The water level in the burette is adjusted so that the volume of water can be read and the initial burette reading is recorded.PAGES
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TUESDAY, 8 SEPTEMBER 2015 4.3 LEMAK DAN KESANNYA TERHADAP KESIHATANLEMAK
■ Lemak ialah sebatian karbon organik yang mengandungi karbon, hidrogen dan oksigen. ■ Lemak wujud dalam bentuk►
cecair pada suhu bilik dikenali sebagai minyak. Lemak tumbuhan biasanya wijud dalam bentuk cecair. Contoh minyak ialah minyak soya, minyak sayur, minyak zaitun dan minyak jagung.►
pepejal pada suhu bilik biasanya berasal daripada lemak haiwan. Contoh lemak ialah lemak dalam daging, mentega, minyak sapi, keju danmarjerin.
■ Lemak terbahagi kepada dua kumpulan, iaitu:►
Lemak tepu
►
Lemak tak tepu
LEMAK TEPU DAN LEMAK TAK TEPU ■ Lemak haiwan ialah lemak tepu manakala lemak tumbuhan ialah lemaktak tepu.
■ Lemak tepu
►
Nisbah antara bilangan atom hidrogen dengan bilangan atom karbon adalah tinggi berbanding dengan lemak tak tepu.►
Bilangan atom hidrogen adalah maksimum dan tidak boleh menerima atom hidrogen tambahan lagi.►
Ikatan ganda dua tidak wujud antara atom karbon dengan atom hidrogen dalam molekul lemak.■ Lemak tak tepu
►
Boleh menerima atom hidrogen tambahan kerana ikatan ganda dua wujud antara atom karbon dengan atom hidrogen dalam molekul lemak PERSAMAAN DAN PERBEZAAN ANTARA LEMAK TEPU DAN LEMAK TAK TEPUCIRI-CIRI
LEMAK TEPU
LEMAK TAK TEPU
Unsur
Karbon, hidrogen dan oksigenSumber
Lemak haiwan
Lemak tumbuhan
Keadaan dalam suhu bilikPepejal
Cecair
Takat cair
Tinggi
Rendah
Bilangan atom hidrogenLebih
Kurang
Kandungan kolesterolTinggi
Hampir tiada
Kesan ke atas kesihatanKesan buruk
Kesan bagus
Contoh
Lemak ayam
Minyak zaitun
KESAN PENGAMBILAN LEMAK TEPU DAN LEMAK TAK TEPU KEPADA KESIHATAN KITA ■ Penggunaan lemak tepu yang berlebihan akan memberi kesan kepada kesihatan kita. Ini kerana lemak tepu yang kaya dengan kolesterol. ■ Penggunaan lemak tepu (lemak haiwan) yang berlebihan boleh menyebabkan pemendapan kolesterol dalam saluran darah yang bolehmenyebabkan:
►
strok
►
tekanan darah tinggi►
serangan jantung
■ Sebaliknya, penggunaan lemak tak tepu adalah baik untukkesihatan.
■ Lemak tak tepu boleh menurunkan kepekatan kolesterol dalam darah. Ini boleh mengurangkan risiko tekanan dan serangan jantung darahtinggi.
■ Lemak tak tepu berkeupayaan menyerang dan meneutralkan kolesterol lemak tepu dan membawanya ke hati untuk diuraikan. ← 4.2 Alkohol dan Kesannya Terhadap Kesihatan 4.4 Kelapa Sawit dan Kepentingannya kepada Pembangunan Negara → ⇲ DAPATKAN LATIHAN (OBJEKTIF AND SUBJEKTIF), SECARA PERCUMAUNTUK OS ANDROID.
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