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DEVELOPING AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR AFRICA STRATEGY By François Candelon, Senior Partner & Managing Director at BCG, and Global Director of the BCG Henderson Institute; Hind El Bedraoui, Ambassador at the BCG Henderson Institute; Hamid Maher, Partner and Managing Director Africa has a unique opportunity to develop its competitiveness through artificial intelligence (AI). From agriculture and remote health to translating the LOCALISATION OF PRODUCTION: COVID-19’S MEDIUM-TERM IMPACT Even as global trade might recover within a year, there are potential medium-term effects from the COVID-19 pandemic, notably, around supply chains and associated cross-border investment. It’s challenging to map out the impact of COVID-19. But the supply chain disruptions are on the back of a tense period of trade restrictions and during a LOOK EAST INSTEAD OF WEST FOR THE FUTURE GLOBAL MIDDLE Number of middle-class people in India (2019 vs. 2030); Source: World Data Lab. China’s dominant spending power: By the end of 2030, China’s middle class will grow by approximately 45% and add 370 million people for a total of almost 1.2 billion.This income segment of the population will represent 86.8% of the entire country’sspending power.
INTERMEDIARY CITIES
Intermediary cities are the fastest growing cities in the developing world. Often referred to as secondary or second-tier cities, intermediary cities typically have a population of between 50,000 and one million people.They play a fundamental role in connecting both rural and urban areas to basic facilities and services. Driven by population growth and rural-urban migration, intermediary HOW CHINA IS IMPLEMENTING THE 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE By Xiheng Jiang, Vice-President of China Center for International Knowledge on Development (CIKD) The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Report 2019 shows that, while advances have been made in some areas, monumental challenges remain. The world is not on track to end poverty and millions still live in hunger. People in absolute poverty will remain ABOUT RICHARD KOZUL-WRIGHT Mr. Richard Kozul-Wright is Director of the Globalisation and Development Strategies Division in UNCTAD. He has worked at the United Nations in both New York and Geneva. He is currently Director of the Division on Globalisation and Development Strategies and is responsible for the UNCTAD flagship publication The Trade and Development Report. He holds a WE MUST CO-CREATE THE FUTURE WE WANT TO SEE By Emmanuel Faber, CEO of Danone Emmanuel Faber participated in the 2017 International Economic Forum on Latin America and the Caribbean In 1972, Danone founder Antoine Riboud made a speech to French industry leaders in which he declared that “corporate responsibility doesn’t end at the factory gate or the company door” and called onthem
HOW THE PUBLIC SECTOR CAN SUPPORT SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS By Frederique Mestre, Senior Legal Officer, UNIDROIT This blog is part of a special series exploring subjects at the core of the Human-Centred Business Model (HCBM). The HCMB seeks to develop an innovative – human-centred – business model based on a common, holistic and integrated set of economic, social, environmental and ethical rights-based principles. WHY YOU SHOULD CARE ABOUT UNPAID CARE WORK Why you should care about unpaid care work. The way we currently measure our economies ignores a large portion of work that affects all of us. Most of this work is done by women and girls for free, every day. Around the world, they are responsible for 75% of unpaid care and domestic work in our homes and communities (see Figure 1). THREE ROOT CAUSES OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND HOW TO Three root causes of violence against women and how to tackle them. By Hyeshin Park, Gender Programme Co-ordinator and Gabrielle Woleske, Policy Analyst, OECD Development Centre. Every day, 137 women are killed by their partner or a family member. And one in three women worldwide have experienced intimate partner violence (IPV) in theirlifetime.
DEVELOPING AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR AFRICA STRATEGY By François Candelon, Senior Partner & Managing Director at BCG, and Global Director of the BCG Henderson Institute; Hind El Bedraoui, Ambassador at the BCG Henderson Institute; Hamid Maher, Partner and Managing Director Africa has a unique opportunity to develop its competitiveness through artificial intelligence (AI). From agriculture and remote health to translating the LOCALISATION OF PRODUCTION: COVID-19’S MEDIUM-TERM IMPACT Even as global trade might recover within a year, there are potential medium-term effects from the COVID-19 pandemic, notably, around supply chains and associated cross-border investment. It’s challenging to map out the impact of COVID-19. But the supply chain disruptions are on the back of a tense period of trade restrictions and during a LOOK EAST INSTEAD OF WEST FOR THE FUTURE GLOBAL MIDDLE Number of middle-class people in India (2019 vs. 2030); Source: World Data Lab. China’s dominant spending power: By the end of 2030, China’s middle class will grow by approximately 45% and add 370 million people for a total of almost 1.2 billion.This income segment of the population will represent 86.8% of the entire country’sspending power.
INTERMEDIARY CITIES
Intermediary cities are the fastest growing cities in the developing world. Often referred to as secondary or second-tier cities, intermediary cities typically have a population of between 50,000 and one million people.They play a fundamental role in connecting both rural and urban areas to basic facilities and services. Driven by population growth and rural-urban migration, intermediary HOW CHINA IS IMPLEMENTING THE 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE By Xiheng Jiang, Vice-President of China Center for International Knowledge on Development (CIKD) The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Report 2019 shows that, while advances have been made in some areas, monumental challenges remain. The world is not on track to end poverty and millions still live in hunger. People in absolute poverty will remain ABOUT RICHARD KOZUL-WRIGHT Mr. Richard Kozul-Wright is Director of the Globalisation and Development Strategies Division in UNCTAD. He has worked at the United Nations in both New York and Geneva. He is currently Director of the Division on Globalisation and Development Strategies and is responsible for the UNCTAD flagship publication The Trade and Development Report. He holds a WE MUST CO-CREATE THE FUTURE WE WANT TO SEE By Emmanuel Faber, CEO of Danone Emmanuel Faber participated in the 2017 International Economic Forum on Latin America and the Caribbean In 1972, Danone founder Antoine Riboud made a speech to French industry leaders in which he declared that “corporate responsibility doesn’t end at the factory gate or the company door” and called onthem
HOW THE PUBLIC SECTOR CAN SUPPORT SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS By Frederique Mestre, Senior Legal Officer, UNIDROIT This blog is part of a special series exploring subjects at the core of the Human-Centred Business Model (HCBM). The HCMB seeks to develop an innovative – human-centred – business model based on a common, holistic and integrated set of economic, social, environmental and ethical rights-based principles. WHY YOU SHOULD CARE ABOUT UNPAID CARE WORK Why you should care about unpaid care work. The way we currently measure our economies ignores a large portion of work that affects all of us. Most of this work is done by women and girls for free, every day. Around the world, they are responsible for 75% of unpaid care and domestic work in our homes and communities (see Figure 1). COVID-19 IS A DEVELOPING COUNTRY PANDEMIC The statement that this is a developing-country pandemic is not self-evident when we look at the official statistics. When it comes to per capita mortality, the official data suggest that the pandemic has been most intense in high-income countries (HICs). Cumulative mortality rates and—with a few exceptions—daily mortality rates have been higher for richer countries. WHAT IS DEVELOPMENT IN TRANSITION? A BLOG COMPILATION A country’s level of development and its level of income are often seen as synonymous. Many, thus, understand development as poorer countries “catching up” with richer ones. Once the poorer countries catch up, they cease to be “developing” and become “developed”. A closer look, however, reveals a different story. First, development is more complex than THE ROLE OF FOUNDATIONS IN SUPPORTING SUSTAINABLE PEACE The level of peace around the world in 2020 declined for the ninth time in twelve years.The coronavirus pandemic has led to a decrease in overall conflict levels, but roughly 120,000 people were killed by political violence and 45.7 million were internally displaced in 2020. Violent conflict has a profound impact on economies and impedes the reduction of poverty and hunger. COVID-19 | DEVELOPMENT MATTERS | PAGE 14 This blog * is part of a series on tackling COVID-19 in developing countries. Visit the OECD dedicated page to access the OECD’s data, analysis and recommendations on the health, economic, financial and societal impacts of COVID-19 worldwide. THE FUTURE OF MANUFACTURING AND DEVELOPMENT: THREE THINGS The future of manufacturing is in everybody’s interest. It will determine our jobs, our consumption patterns, the quality of services we will provide and access, and it will define societal organisation for future generations. Growing and intolerable inequalities have been the dark side of modern capitalism. STRENGTHENING CLIMATE RESILIENCE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES By Takayoshi Kato, OECD Development Co-operation Directorate and Nicolina Lamhauge, OECD Environment Directorate Over the last 12 months, the Philippines has had to fight two rising tides threatening the population of its archipelago: the health and economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the consequences of devastating weather events including several typhoons and LOOK EAST INSTEAD OF WEST FOR THE FUTURE GLOBAL MIDDLE Number of middle-class people in India (2019 vs. 2030); Source: World Data Lab. China’s dominant spending power: By the end of 2030, China’s middle class will grow by approximately 45% and add 370 million people for a total of almost 1.2 billion.This income segment of the population will represent 86.8% of the entire country’sspending power.
CARBON BORDER ADJUSTMENT: A POWERFUL TOOL IF PAIRED WITH A Carbon border adjustment (CBA) policies are gaining momentum on both sides of the Atlantic. They were proposed as a key element in the European Green Deal and as part of US Democratic presidential nominee Joe Biden’s climate plan.But how do they work? Carbon border adjustment mechanisms tax imported goods based on their carbon footprint with the aim of limiting emissions LANDMARK SUPREME COURT VICTORY IN ZAMBIA: COLLECTING Lire ce blog en français In May 2020, the Zambian Revenue Authority (ZRA) won a landmark tax case against Mopani Copper Mining plc in the Supreme Court. The Court ordered the company to pay additional tax of 240 million Kwacha (USD 13 million). The judgement hinged on Zambia making a technical case showing evidence of tax avoidance through base erosion and profit shifting or BEPS HOW BLENDED FINANCE CAN PLUG THE SDG FINANCING GAP How Blended Finance Can Plug The SDG Financing Gap. By Jean-Philippe de Schrevel, Founder and Managing Partner of Bamboo Capital Partners. We now have just 10 years to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). To date, the SDGs have been underfinanced. The annual financing gap to achieve the SDGs by 2030 currently sits at USD 2.5trillion.
THREE ROOT CAUSES OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND HOW TO Lire ce blog en français. Every day, 137 women are killed by their partner or a family member.And one in three women worldwide have experienced intimate partner violence (IPV) in their lifetime. While violence against women remains a persistent, global problem, many continue to view it only as an individualistic issue or the actions of“some bad men”.
DEVELOPING AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR AFRICA STRATEGY By François Candelon, Senior Partner & Managing Director at BCG, and Global Director of the BCG Henderson Institute; Hind El Bedraoui, Ambassador at the BCG Henderson Institute; Hamid Maher, Partner and Managing Director Africa has a unique opportunity to develop its competitiveness through artificial intelligence (AI). From agriculture and remote health to translating the STRENGTHENING CLIMATE RESILIENCE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES By Takayoshi Kato, OECD Development Co-operation Directorate and Nicolina Lamhauge, OECD Environment Directorate Over the last 12 months, the Philippines has had to fight two rising tides threatening the population of its archipelago: the health and economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the consequences of devastating weather events including several typhoons and LOOK EAST INSTEAD OF WEST FOR THE FUTURE GLOBAL MIDDLE Number of middle-class people in India (2019 vs. 2030); Source: World Data Lab. China’s dominant spending power: By the end of 2030, China’s middle class will grow by approximately 45% and add 370 million people for a total of almost 1.2 billion.This income segment of the population will represent 86.8% of the entire country’sspending power.
HOW CHINA IS IMPLEMENTING THE 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE By Xiheng Jiang, Vice-President of China Center for International Knowledge on Development (CIKD) The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Report 2019 shows that, while advances have been made in some areas, monumental challenges remain. The world is not on track to end poverty and millions still live in hunger. People in absolute poverty will remain UNLOCKING AFRICA’S AVIATION POTENTIAL By Hassan El-Houry, Group CEO, National Aviation Services (NAS) Africans make up 12% of the world’s population but only 2.5% of the world’s passengers. Why the gap? Africa has 731 airports and 419 airlines with an aviation industry that supports around 6.9 million jobs and USD 80 billion in economic activity. According to theInternational
WE MUST CO-CREATE THE FUTURE WE WANT TO SEE By Emmanuel Faber, CEO of Danone Emmanuel Faber participated in the 2017 International Economic Forum on Latin America and the Caribbean In 1972, Danone founder Antoine Riboud made a speech to French industry leaders in which he declared that “corporate responsibility doesn’t end at the factory gate or the company door” and called onthem
INTERMEDIARY CITIES
Intermediary cities are the fastest growing cities in the developing world. Often referred to as secondary or second-tier cities, intermediary cities typically have a population of between 50,000 and one million people.They play a fundamental role in connecting both rural and urban areas to basic facilities and services. Driven by population growth and rural-urban migration, intermediary HOW THE PUBLIC SECTOR CAN SUPPORT SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS By Frederique Mestre, Senior Legal Officer, UNIDROIT This blog is part of a special series exploring subjects at the core of the Human-Centred Business Model (HCBM). The HCMB seeks to develop an innovative – human-centred – business model based on a common, holistic and integrated set of economic, social, environmental and ethical rights-based principles. ABOUT RICHARD KOZUL-WRIGHT Mr. Richard Kozul-Wright is Director of the Globalisation and Development Strategies Division in UNCTAD. He has worked at the United Nations in both New York and Geneva. He is currently Director of the Division on Globalisation and Development Strategies and is responsible for the UNCTAD flagship publication The Trade and Development Report. He holds a THREE ROOT CAUSES OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND HOW TO Lire ce blog en français. Every day, 137 women are killed by their partner or a family member.And one in three women worldwide have experienced intimate partner violence (IPV) in their lifetime. While violence against women remains a persistent, global problem, many continue to view it only as an individualistic issue or the actions of“some bad men”.
DEVELOPING AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR AFRICA STRATEGY By François Candelon, Senior Partner & Managing Director at BCG, and Global Director of the BCG Henderson Institute; Hind El Bedraoui, Ambassador at the BCG Henderson Institute; Hamid Maher, Partner and Managing Director Africa has a unique opportunity to develop its competitiveness through artificial intelligence (AI). From agriculture and remote health to translating the STRENGTHENING CLIMATE RESILIENCE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES By Takayoshi Kato, OECD Development Co-operation Directorate and Nicolina Lamhauge, OECD Environment Directorate Over the last 12 months, the Philippines has had to fight two rising tides threatening the population of its archipelago: the health and economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the consequences of devastating weather events including several typhoons and LOOK EAST INSTEAD OF WEST FOR THE FUTURE GLOBAL MIDDLE Number of middle-class people in India (2019 vs. 2030); Source: World Data Lab. China’s dominant spending power: By the end of 2030, China’s middle class will grow by approximately 45% and add 370 million people for a total of almost 1.2 billion.This income segment of the population will represent 86.8% of the entire country’sspending power.
HOW CHINA IS IMPLEMENTING THE 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE By Xiheng Jiang, Vice-President of China Center for International Knowledge on Development (CIKD) The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Report 2019 shows that, while advances have been made in some areas, monumental challenges remain. The world is not on track to end poverty and millions still live in hunger. People in absolute poverty will remain UNLOCKING AFRICA’S AVIATION POTENTIAL By Hassan El-Houry, Group CEO, National Aviation Services (NAS) Africans make up 12% of the world’s population but only 2.5% of the world’s passengers. Why the gap? Africa has 731 airports and 419 airlines with an aviation industry that supports around 6.9 million jobs and USD 80 billion in economic activity. According to theInternational
WE MUST CO-CREATE THE FUTURE WE WANT TO SEE By Emmanuel Faber, CEO of Danone Emmanuel Faber participated in the 2017 International Economic Forum on Latin America and the Caribbean In 1972, Danone founder Antoine Riboud made a speech to French industry leaders in which he declared that “corporate responsibility doesn’t end at the factory gate or the company door” and called onthem
INTERMEDIARY CITIES
Intermediary cities are the fastest growing cities in the developing world. Often referred to as secondary or second-tier cities, intermediary cities typically have a population of between 50,000 and one million people.They play a fundamental role in connecting both rural and urban areas to basic facilities and services. Driven by population growth and rural-urban migration, intermediary HOW THE PUBLIC SECTOR CAN SUPPORT SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS By Frederique Mestre, Senior Legal Officer, UNIDROIT This blog is part of a special series exploring subjects at the core of the Human-Centred Business Model (HCBM). The HCMB seeks to develop an innovative – human-centred – business model based on a common, holistic and integrated set of economic, social, environmental and ethical rights-based principles. ABOUT RICHARD KOZUL-WRIGHT Mr. Richard Kozul-Wright is Director of the Globalisation and Development Strategies Division in UNCTAD. He has worked at the United Nations in both New York and Geneva. He is currently Director of the Division on Globalisation and Development Strategies and is responsible for the UNCTAD flagship publication The Trade and Development Report. He holds a WHAT IS DEVELOPMENT IN TRANSITION? A BLOG COMPILATION A country’s level of development and its level of income are often seen as synonymous. Many, thus, understand development as poorer countries “catching up” with richer ones. Once the poorer countries catch up, they cease to be “developing” and become “developed”. A closer look, however, reveals a different story. First, development is more complex than COVID-19 IS A DEVELOPING COUNTRY PANDEMIC The statement that this is a developing-country pandemic is not self-evident when we look at the official statistics. When it comes to per capita mortality, the official data suggest that the pandemic has been most intense in high-income countries (HICs). Cumulative mortality rates and—with a few exceptions—daily mortality rates have been higher for richer countries. THE ROLE OF FOUNDATIONS IN SUPPORTING SUSTAINABLE PEACE The level of peace around the world in 2020 declined for the ninth time in twelve years.The coronavirus pandemic has led to a decrease in overall conflict levels, but roughly 120,000 people were killed by political violence and 45.7 million were internally displaced in 2020. Violent conflict has a profound impact on economies and impedes the reduction of poverty and hunger. COVID-19 | DEVELOPMENT MATTERS | PAGE 14 This blog * is part of a series on tackling COVID-19 in developing countries. Visit the OECD dedicated page to access the OECD’s data, analysis and recommendations on the health, economic, financial and societal impacts of COVID-19 worldwide. GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE: THE ‘PANDEMIC WITHIN A PANDEMIC By Flavia Bustreo, Global leader for health & rights of women, children, adolescents & elderly & Former Assistant Director-General at WHO, Gabriela Ramos, Assistant Director-General for Social and Human Sciences, UNESCO and Felicia Knaul, Director, Institute for Advanced Study of the Americas, Professor, Department of Public Health Sciences at the Miller School of Medicine Last THE PSYCHOLOGICAL BASES OF GENDER DIFFERENCES IN POLITICAL 1.↩ Most of the evidence in this piece was originally published in Buser, T., Grimalda, G., Putterman, L., & van der Weele, J. (2020). Overconfidence and gender gaps in redistributive preferences: Cross-Country experimental evidence. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 178, 267-286 REGIONAL COMPREHENSIVE ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP: WHY SHOULD IT By Mustafizur Rahman, Distinguished Fellow, Centre for Policy Dialogue (CPD) The world’s largest trading bloc, the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), was signed in November 2020, counting 15 Asian member countries. Should the excluded countries, more specifically the low income and least developed countries (LDCs) of Asia, be worried about this development? MIND THE SDG GAP: DON’T FORGET SUSTAINABLE DOMESTIC The “Decade of Delivery” for the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) calls for finding sustainable ways to finance development. Closing the financing gap by 2030 will require between USD5 and USD7 trillion annually, and between USD2.5 and USD3 trillion of that amount for developing countries alone.There are several approaches to financing the SDGs in low-income countries. LOOK EAST INSTEAD OF WEST FOR THE FUTURE GLOBAL MIDDLE Number of middle-class people in India (2019 vs. 2030); Source: World Data Lab. China’s dominant spending power: By the end of 2030, China’s middle class will grow by approximately 45% and add 370 million people for a total of almost 1.2 billion.This income segment of the population will represent 86.8% of the entire country’sspending power.
ABOUT RICHARD KOZUL-WRIGHT Mr. Richard Kozul-Wright is Director of the Globalisation and Development Strategies Division in UNCTAD. He has worked at the United Nations in both New York and Geneva. He is currently Director of the Division on Globalisation and Development Strategies and is responsible for the UNCTAD flagship publication The Trade and Development Report. He holds a STRENGTHENING CLIMATE RESILIENCE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES By Takayoshi Kato, OECD Development Co-operation Directorate and Nicolina Lamhauge, OECD Environment Directorate Over the last 12 months, the Philippines has had to fight two rising tides threatening the population of its archipelago: the health and economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the consequences of devastating weather events including several typhoons and THREE ROOT CAUSES OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND HOW TO Three root causes of violence against women and how to tackle them. By Hyeshin Park, Gender Programme Co-ordinator and Gabrielle Woleske, Policy Analyst, OECD Development Centre. Every day, 137 women are killed by their partner or a family member. And one in three women worldwide have experienced intimate partner violence (IPV) in theirlifetime.
GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE: THE ‘PANDEMIC WITHIN A PANDEMIC By Flavia Bustreo, Global leader for health & rights of women, children, adolescents & elderly & Former Assistant Director-General at WHO, Gabriela Ramos, Assistant Director-General for Social and Human Sciences, UNESCO and Felicia Knaul, Director, Institute for Advanced Study of the Americas, Professor, Department of Public Health Sciences at the Miller School of Medicine Last DEVELOPING AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR AFRICA STRATEGY By François Candelon, Senior Partner & Managing Director at BCG, and Global Director of the BCG Henderson Institute; Hind El Bedraoui, Ambassador at the BCG Henderson Institute; Hamid Maher, Partner and Managing Director Africa has a unique opportunity to develop its competitiveness through artificial intelligence (AI). From agriculture and remote health to translating the COVID-19 AND THE KAFALA SYSTEM: PROTECTING AFRICAN FEMALE By Mona Ahmed, Junior Policy Analyst, OECD Development Centre The COVID-19 pandemic has affected women and men differently depending on the sector they work in, their employment situation and their access to labour and social protection measures. Domestic and care work, traditionally female-dominated, form one of the most marginalised, undervalued and least protected employment THE PSYCHOLOGICAL BASES OF GENDER DIFFERENCES IN POLITICAL 1.↩ Most of the evidence in this piece was originally published in Buser, T., Grimalda, G., Putterman, L., & van der Weele, J. (2020). Overconfidence and gender gaps in redistributive preferences: Cross-Country experimental evidence. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 178, 267-286 HOW CHINA IS IMPLEMENTING THE 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE By Xiheng Jiang, Vice-President of China Center for International Knowledge on Development (CIKD) The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Report 2019 shows that, while advances have been made in some areas, monumental challenges remain. The world is not on track to end poverty and millions still live in hunger. People in absolute poverty will remain REGIONAL COMPREHENSIVE ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP: WHY SHOULD IT By Mustafizur Rahman, Distinguished Fellow, Centre for Policy Dialogue (CPD) The world’s largest trading bloc, the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), was signed in November 2020, counting 15 Asian member countries. Should the excluded countries, more specifically the low income and least developed countries (LDCs) of Asia, be worried about this development? WHY YOU SHOULD CARE ABOUT UNPAID CARE WORK Why you should care about unpaid care work. The way we currently measure our economies ignores a large portion of work that affects all of us. Most of this work is done by women and girls for free, every day. Around the world, they are responsible for 75% of unpaid care and domestic work in our homes and communities (see Figure 1). HOW WE ALL BENEFIT WHEN WOMEN HAVE ACCESS TO FINANCE By Mary Ellen Iskenderian, President and CEO, Women’s World Banking Learn more about this timely topic at the upcoming Global Forum on Development on 5 April 2017. Register today to attend! The International Finance Corporation estimates that approximately 65% of women-led small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in developing economies are either unserved or underserved financially 1. THREE ROOT CAUSES OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND HOW TO Three root causes of violence against women and how to tackle them. By Hyeshin Park, Gender Programme Co-ordinator and Gabrielle Woleske, Policy Analyst, OECD Development Centre. Every day, 137 women are killed by their partner or a family member. And one in three women worldwide have experienced intimate partner violence (IPV) in theirlifetime.
GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE: THE ‘PANDEMIC WITHIN A PANDEMIC By Flavia Bustreo, Global leader for health & rights of women, children, adolescents & elderly & Former Assistant Director-General at WHO, Gabriela Ramos, Assistant Director-General for Social and Human Sciences, UNESCO and Felicia Knaul, Director, Institute for Advanced Study of the Americas, Professor, Department of Public Health Sciences at the Miller School of Medicine Last STRENGTHENING CLIMATE RESILIENCE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES By Takayoshi Kato, OECD Development Co-operation Directorate and Nicolina Lamhauge, OECD Environment Directorate Over the last 12 months, the Philippines has had to fight two rising tides threatening the population of its archipelago: the health and economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the consequences of devastating weather events including several typhoons and DEVELOPING AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR AFRICA STRATEGY By François Candelon, Senior Partner & Managing Director at BCG, and Global Director of the BCG Henderson Institute; Hind El Bedraoui, Ambassador at the BCG Henderson Institute; Hamid Maher, Partner and Managing Director Africa has a unique opportunity to develop its competitiveness through artificial intelligence (AI). From agriculture and remote health to translating the THE PSYCHOLOGICAL BASES OF GENDER DIFFERENCES IN POLITICAL 1.↩ Most of the evidence in this piece was originally published in Buser, T., Grimalda, G., Putterman, L., & van der Weele, J. (2020). Overconfidence and gender gaps in redistributive preferences: Cross-Country experimental evidence. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 178, 267-286 REGIONAL COMPREHENSIVE ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP: WHY SHOULD IT By Mustafizur Rahman, Distinguished Fellow, Centre for Policy Dialogue (CPD) The world’s largest trading bloc, the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), was signed in November 2020, counting 15 Asian member countries. Should the excluded countries, more specifically the low income and least developed countries (LDCs) of Asia, be worried about this development? PROTECTING MIGRANT WORKERS IN THE GULF: DON’T BUILD BACK By Vani Saraswathi, Editor-at-Large and Director of Projects, Migrant-Rights.Org The Gulf Co-operation Council (GCC) states need to completely revamp past policies, and not merely attempt to bridge gaps or provide a salve to deep wounds. Construction workers in Dubai, UAE. Photo: LongJon / Shutterstock As of February 2020, millions of migrants –– primarily from South HOW CHINA IS IMPLEMENTING THE 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE By Xiheng Jiang, Vice-President of China Center for International Knowledge on Development (CIKD) The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Report 2019 shows that, while advances have been made in some areas, monumental challenges remain. The world is not on track to end poverty and millions still live in hunger. People in absolute poverty will remain LOOK EAST INSTEAD OF WEST FOR THE FUTURE GLOBAL MIDDLE Number of middle-class people in India (2019 vs. 2030); Source: World Data Lab. China’s dominant spending power: By the end of 2030, China’s middle class will grow by approximately 45% and add 370 million people for a total of almost 1.2 billion.This income segment of the population will represent 86.8% of the entire country’sspending power.
WHY YOU SHOULD CARE ABOUT UNPAID CARE WORK Why you should care about unpaid care work. The way we currently measure our economies ignores a large portion of work that affects all of us. Most of this work is done by women and girls for free, every day. Around the world, they are responsible for 75% of unpaid care and domestic work in our homes and communities (see Figure 1). COVID-19 IS A DEVELOPING COUNTRY PANDEMIC The statement that this is a developing-country pandemic is not self-evident when we look at the official statistics. When it comes to per capita mortality, the official data suggest that the pandemic has been most intense in high-income countries (HICs). Cumulative mortality rates and—with a few exceptions—daily mortality rates have been higher for richer countries. WHAT IS DEVELOPMENT IN TRANSITION? A BLOG COMPILATION A country’s level of development and its level of income are often seen as synonymous. Many, thus, understand development as poorer countries “catching up” with richer ones. Once the poorer countries catch up, they cease to be “developing” and become “developed”. A closer look, however, reveals a different story. First, development is more complex than THE ROLE OF FOUNDATIONS IN SUPPORTING SUSTAINABLE PEACE The level of peace around the world in 2020 declined for the ninth time in twelve years.The coronavirus pandemic has led to a decrease in overall conflict levels, but roughly 120,000 people were killed by political violence and 45.7 million were internally displaced in 2020. Violent conflict has a profound impact on economies and impedes the reduction of poverty and hunger. REVISITING KNOWLEDGE FOR DEVELOPMENT Revisiting knowledge for development. Beyond the short term costs and challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic for developing countries, this post takes a more long-term view, starting from a less discussed lesson of COVID-19, namely, how it has revealed a deficient culture of dealing with uncertainty and the role of science in society. GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE: THE ‘PANDEMIC WITHIN A PANDEMIC By Flavia Bustreo, Global leader for health & rights of women, children, adolescents & elderly & Former Assistant Director-General at WHO, Gabriela Ramos, Assistant Director-General for Social and Human Sciences, UNESCO and Felicia Knaul, Director, Institute for Advanced Study of the Americas, Professor, Department of Public Health Sciences at the Miller School of Medicine Last REGIONAL COMPREHENSIVE ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP: WHY SHOULD IT By Mustafizur Rahman, Distinguished Fellow, Centre for Policy Dialogue (CPD) The world’s largest trading bloc, the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), was signed in November 2020, counting 15 Asian member countries. Should the excluded countries, more specifically the low income and least developed countries (LDCs) of Asia, be worried about this development? CARBON BORDER ADJUSTMENT: A POWERFUL TOOL IF PAIRED WITH A Carbon border adjustment (CBA) policies are gaining momentum on both sides of the Atlantic. They were proposed as a key element in the European Green Deal and as part of US Democratic presidential nominee Joe Biden’s climate plan.But how do they work? Carbon border adjustment mechanisms tax imported goods based on their carbon footprint with the aim of limiting emissions ABOUT RICHARD KOZUL-WRIGHT Mr. Richard Kozul-Wright is Director of the Globalisation and Development Strategies Division in UNCTAD. He has worked at the United Nations in both New York and Geneva. He is currently Director of the Division on Globalisation and Development Strategies and is responsible for the UNCTAD flagship publication The Trade and Development Report. He holds a HOW THE PUBLIC SECTOR CAN SUPPORT SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS By Frederique Mestre, Senior Legal Officer, UNIDROIT This blog is part of a special series exploring subjects at the core of the Human-Centred Business Model (HCBM). The HCMB seeks to develop an innovative – human-centred – business model based on a common, holistic and integrated set of economic, social, environmental and ethical rights-based principles. SMES AND SDGS: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES By Dr Teodorina Lessidrenska, Consultant, World Bank This blog is part of a special series exploring subjects at the core of the Human-Centred Business Model (HCBM). The HCMB seeks to develop an innovative – human-centred – business model based on a common, holistic and integrated set of economic, social, environmental and ethical rights-based principles.Skip to content
DEVELOPMENT MATTERS
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FISCAL POLICY IN THE TIME OF COVID-19: A NEW SOCIAL PACT FORLATIN AMERICA
25 November 2020
Development Matters
Covid-19
, Latin
America and the Caribbean,
New social contract
Covid-19 , Fiscal
Policy ,
Latin America
, New social
contract
, Tax
_By PABLO FERRERI
, Public
Accountant and former Vice Minister of Economy and Finance of Uruguay_ ------------------------- _THIS BLOG IS PART OF A SERIES ON TACKLING COVID-19IN
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. VISIT THE OECD DEDICATED PAGE TO ACCESS THE OECD’S DATA, ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ON THE HEALTH, ECONOMIC, FINANCIAL AND SOCIETAL IMPACTS OF COVID-19 WORLDWIDE._ ------------------------- We could say that ultimately the role of government remains unchanged overtime: to achieve ever higher levels of development with the understanding that true development means achieving sustained economic growth while generating greater equity and social cohesion. This must be done through more and better exercise of civil rights and in an environmentally sustainable manner. But in achieving this ultimate goal, challenges change according to realities that governments mustface.
Challenges that Latin America faced fifteen years ago, when it enjoyed high levels of growth and a commodity boom in an increasingly open world, are quite different to those that have been brought about by economic slowdown, lower international prices and new isolationisttendencies.
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AFRICA STATE OF THE CLIMATE REPORT: AN URGENT CALL FOR CLIMATE-RELATED DEVELOPMENT PLANNING20 November 2020
Development Matters
Africa
, Green transition
Africa , Environment, Green
transition
_By BLAIR TREWIN, Lead Author of_ the _World Meteorological Organization’s __2019 State of the Climate report for Africa_ Tropical Cyclone Idai approaching the Mozambique coast on 14 March2019 (Source: NASA)
Africa is highly vulnerable to the influence of the climate. The continent contains many of the world’s least developed countries, who have limited capacity to mitigate against the impacts of extreme events. The continent is also highly dependent on rain-fed agriculture which is at the mercy of fluctuations in rainfall from season to season. Amongst the most vulnerable areas are the semi-arid regions of the Sahel and the Greater Horn of Africa; many of these regions also suffer from unstable security situations, and in the worst cases, drought and conflict can combine to trigger famine, as in Somalia in2011-12.
Like the rest of the world, Africa is warming. 2019 was likely the third-warmest year on record for the continent, after 2010 and 2016. Over the last 30 years, the continent has been warming at a rate of 0.3 °C to 0.4 °C per decade, a similar rate to the global average for land areas. 2019 was an especially warm year in southern Africa, where parts of South Africa, Namibia and Angola had temperatures more than 2 °C above the 1981-2010 average. Continue reading →SHARE THIS:
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WE KNOW WHAT POLICIES CAN FIX THE COVID-19 INEQUALITY EMERGENCY. BUT ONLY PEOPLE POWER CAN WIN THEM 19 November 202019 November 2020Development Matters
Covid-19
, New social
contract
,
Policy
Covid-19 ,
Inequality , New
social contract
_By BEN PHILLIPS, Advisor to the United Nations, governments and civil society organisations, former Campaigns Director for Oxfam and for ActionAid, and co-founder of the Fight Inequality Alliance. He is the author of “How to Fight Inequality”_
------------------------- _THIS BLOG IS PART OF A SERIES ON TACKLING COVID-19IN
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. VISIT THE OECD DEDICATED PAGE TO ACCESS THE OECD’S DATA, ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ON THE HEALTH, ECONOMIC, FINANCIAL AND SOCIETAL IMPACTS OF COVID-19 WORLDWIDE._ ------------------------- COVID-19 did not create the inequality crisis. But COVID-19 is seeing inequality metastasise into the most socially dangerous global emergency since World War II. The problem is clear. The OECD Secretary-General has rightly drawn the analogy with the Post-War reconstruction and Marshall Plan to illustrate the level of ambitionneeded
.
Opening the OECD conference on “Confronting Planetary Emergencies”, President Michael D Higgins of Ireland set out the need for a “radical departure” from “decades of unfettered neoliberalism” which have left people “without protection as to basic necessities of life, security and the ability to participate”. As he noted, “it is no longer sufficient to describe, however brilliantly, systemic failure. We must have the courage to speak out and work for the alternatives.” Continue reading →SHARE THIS:
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L’AFRIQUE PENSE PAR ELLE-MÊME SON DÉVELOPPEMENT 17 November 202019 November 2020Development Matters
Africa
, Covid-19
, Français
, Reviving
international co-operationAfrica , Afrique
, Covid-19
, Narratives
_Par FIRMIN EDOUARD MATOKO, Sous-directeur général, Priorité Afrique et Relations extérieures_ ------------------------- _CE BLOG FAIT PARTIE D’UNE SÉRIEQUI INVITE
ACTEURS ET PENSEURS À RENOUVELER LE DISCOURS ACTUEL SUR L’AFRIQUE ET SON DÉVELOPPEMENT_. ------------------------- Les africains ont aujourd’hui plusieurs certitudes quant au futur de leur continent: celui-ci regorge de richesses naturelles (« un scandale de la nature » disent certains) ; il est culturellement riche et abonde de ressources humaines talentueuses. Enfin, après des décennies d’enfermement idéologique et d’injustice épistémique, l’Afrique est désormais capable de penser par elle-même et d’écrire son avenir. La réalité d’une Afrique riche en ressources naturelles mais non encore totalement exploitées a été le fil conducteur des stratégies de développement post-indépendances d’inspiration classique ou libérale. Deux économistes africains, l’égyptien Samir Amin et le zimbabwéen Thandika Mkandawire se distinguent très vite par leurs analyses sur les conditions inégales de développement des pays africains et en se situant dans un schéma de rupture anticolonial. Dans un sens, on peut situer à travers les thèses de ces deux précurseurs le point de départ d’une pensée africaine du développement. D’ailleurs, la création en 1973 du CODESRIA dont les deux éminents économistes suscités furent secrétaires exécutifs avait pour objectif de « développer des capacités et des outils scientifiques susceptibles de promouvoir la cohésion, le bien-être et le progrès des sociétés africaines. Ceci passait évidemment par l’émergence d’une communauté panafricaine de chercheurs actifs, la protection de leur liberté intellectuelle et de leur autonomie dans l’accomplissement de leur mission et l’élimination des barrières linguistiques, disciplinaires, régionales, de genre et entre les générations ». Continue reading →SHARE THIS:
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REIMAGINING A POST-COVID WORLD 16 November 202019 November 2020Development Matters
Building
resilience
,
Covid-19
Covid-19 , Tax
_By RICHARD KOZUL-WRIGHT,
Director of the Globalisation and Development Strategies Division,UNCTAD_
------------------------- _THIS BLOG IS PART OF A SERIES ON TACKLING COVID-19IN
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. VISIT THE OECD DEDICATED PAGE TO ACCESS THE OECD’S DATA, ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ON THE HEALTH, ECONOMIC, FINANCIAL AND SOCIETAL IMPACTS OF COVID-19 WORLDWIDE._ ------------------------- The coronavirus has ruptured our world and, as with past global pandemics, raised fundamental questions about the way we organise society and the values that structure our lives. But it has also encouraged us to imagine a better world. However, if we are to act on that imagination, we will need to acknowledge the mistakes of the last decade, above all in the world’s richest economies. Recovering better demands that we treat the COVID-19 pandemic as an opportunity to identify and address underlying structural barriers, at both the national and global levels, in the way of a more prosperous, equitable and resilient future. This did not happen after the global financial crisis when returning to business as usual was the winningpolicy mindset
. But
higher share prices or fuller treasuries, or more sophisticated supply chains will not be the basis on which future generations judge our response to the current crisis. Continue reading →SHARE THIS:
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VICTOIRE HISTORIQUE DEVANT LA COUR SUPRÊME EN ZAMBIE : DES MILLIARDS DE DOLLARS US EN RECETTES FISCALES SUPPLÉMENTAIRES ET UN MESSAGE PAR-DELÀ LES FRONTIÈRES12 November 2020
Development Matters
Africa
, Français
, Natural
Resources
,
New social contract
Africa , Afrique
, Mining
, Tax
_Par IGNATIUS MVULA, Directeur adjoint, Unité de vérification dans le secteur minier, Administration fiscale de la Zambie, MARY BAINE, Directrice, Programmes fiscaux, Forum de l’administration fiscale africaine, et BEN DICKINSON, Chef de la Division des Relations internationales et du développement, Centre de politique et d’administration fiscales, OCDE _ _Read this blog in Eglish_
En mai 2020, l’administration fiscale de la Zambie (ZRA) a remporté une victoire fiscale historique devant la Cour suprême contre Mopani Mining Copper plc. Le Tribunal a condamné l’entreprise à payer 240 millions de kwacha (13 millions USD) d’impôts supplémentaires. La décision tenait au fait que la Zambie devait baser la partie technique de son dossier en apportant la preuve de l’évasion fiscale par des stratégies de l’érosion de la base d’imposition et du transfert de bénéfices, ou BEPS . Partout dans le monde, des entreprises multinationales exploitent les failles et les inadéquations entre les règles fiscales internationales, occasionnant aux pays une perte s’élevant jusqu’à 100 à 240 milliards USD par an, soit l’équivalent de 4 à 10% des recettes totales de l’impôt sur les bénéfices des sociétés dans le monde. Par ailleurs, pour les pays en développement, leur dépendance proportionnellement plus élevée à l’égard des recettes de l’impôts sur les sociétés signifie qu’ils pâtissent de l’érosion de la base d’imposition et du transfert de bénéfices de manière disproportionnée. La Zambie ainsi que beaucoup d’autres pays africains indiquent que l’utilisation abusive des règles de prix de transfert – telle que la fixation des prix des biens et des services entre parties liées d’une entreprise multinationale – représente l’un des risques les plus élevés de BEPS pour leurassiette fiscale.
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LANDMARK SUPREME COURT VICTORY IN ZAMBIA: COLLECTING MILLIONS IN TAX REVENUES AND SENDING A MESSAGE ACROSS BORDERS 12 November 202012 November 2020Development Matters
Africa
, Natural Resources
,
New social contract
Africa , Mining
, Tax
_By IGNATIUS MVULA, Assistant Director – Mining Audit Unit, Zambia Revenue Authority,_ _MARY BAINE, Director – Tax Programmes, African Tax Administration Forum, and __ BEN DICKINSON__, Head of the Global Relations and Development Division, Centre for Tax Policy and Administration, OECD_ _Lire ce blog en français_
In May 2020, the Zambian Revenue Authority (ZRA) won a landmark tax case against Mopani Copper Mining plc in the Supreme Court. The Court ordered the company to pay additional tax of 240 million Kwacha (USD 13 million). The judgement hinged on Zambia making a technical case showing evidence of tax avoidance through base erosion and profit shifting or BEPS strategies. In countries around the world multinational enterprises (MNEs) exploit gaps and mismatches between different countries’ tax systems, costing countries up to 100-240 billion USD in lost revenue annually, the equivalent to 4-10% of the global corporate income tax revenue. Moreover, developing countries’ higher reliance on corporate income tax means they suffer from tax base erosion and profit shifting disproportionately. Zambia and many African tax administrations report that the abuse of transfer pricing rules – the pricing of goods and services between related parties of a multinational enterprise – represents one of the highest BEPS risks to their tax bases. Continue reading →SHARE THIS:
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TRAPPED IN THE MIDDLE? DEVELOPMENTAL CHALLENGES FOR MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES 9 November 202010 November 2020Development Matters
New social
contract
Income , Middle
class
_By JOSÉ ANTONIO ALONSO,
Professor at Universidad Complutense and member of the Spanish Co-operation Council and JOSÉ ANTONIO OCAMPO,
Professor at Columbia University, and former UN Under-Secretary-General for Economic and Social Affairs and Finance Minister of Colombia_ – Editors of the recent book _Trapped in the Middle? Developmental Challenges of Middle-Income Countries_,
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020 ------------------------- The intense growth enjoyed by a group of emerging economies during the last two decades drove some analysts to predict the beginning of a new stage of generalised economic convergence. In their
vision, more and more middle-income countries (MICs) were likely to reach high-income status in the near future, taking advantage of the new opportunities provided by access to financial markets, information technology and international trade, including the development of global value chains. Unfortunately, data have not confirmed these optimist predictions. Actually, up to now, economic convergence has been a selective opportunity for a small group of countries, and rather a generalised tendency for the whole group of MICs. Moreover, there is growing evidence that trespassing the low-income threshold and achieving middle-income status is not enough for countries to converge toward high-income levels. Few MICs have successfully completed that transition in recent decades, with the majority getting stuck in the middle-income group, thus facing what has come to be called the middle-income trap . Continue reading →SHARE THIS:
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PREVENTING A CHILD MARRIAGE PANDEMIC 5 November 202019 November 2020Development Matters
Covid-19
, Gender,
Women and Girls
,
Humanitarian
, New
social contract
Covid-19 , Gender
, Violence
, Women and Girls
_By_ _GABRIELLE SZABO, Senior Gender Equality Adviser and CHIARA ORLASSINO, Research Adviser, Save the Children UK_ ------------------------- _THIS BLOG IS PART OF A SERIES ON TACKLING COVID-19IN
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. VISIT THE OECD DEDICATED PAGE TO ACCESS THE OECD’S DATA, ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ON THE HEALTH, ECONOMIC, FINANCIAL AND SOCIETAL IMPACTS OF COVID-19 WORLDWIDE._ ------------------------- Shumi, 16, avoided child marriage with the support of Jasmin, a neighbour and Save the Children-trained peer leader who runs an advocacy group for girls in the village. Photo: Tom Merilion/Save The Children/Bangaladesh By New Year’s Eve, half-a-million girls may already have married as a result of the economic crisis caused by COVID-19. New analysis from our Global Girlhood Report suggests that by 2025, 2.5 million girls may marry as children. These marriages will add to the estimated12 million
child
marriages that take place every year, 2 million of which involve girls under 15 years of age. These increases will continue over the next decade,
but they are not a challenge for future leaders and communities – they are a challenge for today. The risks that set girls on a path to child marriage are already mounting, and materialising. Decision-makers and gender equality advocates must ask ourselves what we can do to stop COVID-19 triggering a child marriage pandemic now. Fortunately, our history already holds many of the answers and we are learning more about how to respond to new challenges from each otherevery day.
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MAPPING DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE TO SMALL ARMS CONTROL: WHY DOESIT MATTER?
2 November 20204 November 2020Development Matters
Africa
, Development
finance
Development finance
, ODA
_By Giovanna Malettaand Lucile Robin
, Stockholm
International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI)_
SMALL ARMS, LARGE IMPACTSWidely available
and easy to conceal, small arms and light weapons (generally referred to as SALW) are easily trafficked and acquired both in times of war and peace. This can negatively impact the development of a country inmany ways . Among
the most directly identifiable effects are the deaths and injuries they can cause, which can increase financial pressure on households, communities, and health systems. In Zambia, treating a patient for gunshot wounds costs more than $100, which represents
approximately ten times the cost of treating a patient with malaria. Small arms proliferation can also indirectly fuel conflicts and armed violence, force displacement, reduce economic opportunities, and limit access to healthcare and education. Continue reading →SHARE THIS:
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