NWRA — WELCOME TO NORTHWEST RESEARCH ASSOCIATESRESEARCHSERVICESOUTREACHPEOPLEABOUTCONTACT Data Assimilation and Statistical Signal Processing. NorthWest Research Associates (NWRA) is a scientific research organization, owned and operated by its Principal Investigators, with expertise in the geophysical and space sciences. NWRA's mission is to achieve excellence in basic and applied research by providing a working

environment

KARIN DISSAUER, PH.D. “Unprecedented spring 2020 ozone depletion in the context of 20 years of measurements at Eureka, Canada” | April 2021 | More ⇒ SPACE WEATHER INDICES Space Weather Indices. This page provides access to plots of several indices of solar and geomagnetic activity that are frequently used as inputs to space-weather models. Brief definitions of each of the indices plotted are as follows: F10.7 - Solar radio noise flux at a wavelength of 10.7 cm; SPACE WEATHER: REAL-TIME 24HR EFFECTIVE SUNSPOT NUMBER These plots provide a look at the global behavior of the ionospheric F2 layer over the past week as measured by the NWRA effective sunspot number (SSNe) calculated from current observations. The upper panel shows the SSNe variation, the third panel provides a goodness-of-fit metric (described below), and the lower panel gives the total number of foF2 observations in each SSNe calculation. SPACE WEATHER: F10.7 INDICES The F10.7 index is a measure of the noise level generated by the sun at a wavelength of 10.7 cm at the earth's orbit. The global daily value of this index is measured at local noon at the Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory (DRAO) in Penticton, Canada. Historically, this index has been used as an input to ionospheric models as a surrogate for the solar output in wavelengths that produce SPACE WEATHER: MAPS OF GEOMAGNETIC LATITUDE Geomagnetic Latitude. This maps shows lines of constant geomagnetic latitude based on apex geomagnetic coordinates referenced to an altitude of 350km. The geomagnetic equator is indicated by a dashed line. The coordinates were calculated using the IGRF-1985 geomagnetic field model updated to epoch 1990.0. The coordinate system used here

is a

SPACE WEATHER INDICES Space Weather Indices. This page provides access to plots of several indices of solar and geomagnetic activity that are frequently used as inputs to space-weather models. Brief definitions of each of the indices plotted are as follows: F10.7 - Solar radio noise flux at a wavelength of 10.7 cm; SPACE WEATHER: EFFECTIVE SSN INDICES Effective Sunspot-Number Indices. Note: Heavy (dark) lines are for the current 27-day Bartel rotation; light lines are for the last rotation. A NEW SEA SPRAY GENERATION FUNCTION FOR WIND SPEEDS UP TO 2176 JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY VOLUME 28 FIG.1. Various estimates of the sea spray generation function in terms of the volume flux, (4pr3/3)dF/dr0, for a 10-m wind speed 0 (U10)of15ms21.In Bortkovskii’s (1987) function, r WAVE BREAKING AND MIXING AT THE SUBTROPICAL TROPOPAUSE 1AUGUST 2002 SCOTT AND CAMMAS 2347 q 2002 American Meteorological Society Wave Breaking and Mixing at the Subtropical Tropopause R. K. SCOTT AND J.-P. CAMMAS Laboratoire d’Ae´rologie, Observatoire Midi Pyre´ne´es, Toulouse, France NWRA — WELCOME TO NORTHWEST RESEARCH ASSOCIATESRESEARCHSERVICESOUTREACHPEOPLEABOUTCONTACT Data Assimilation and Statistical Signal Processing. NorthWest Research Associates (NWRA) is a scientific research organization, owned and operated by its Principal Investigators, with expertise in the geophysical and space sciences. NWRA's mission is to achieve excellence in basic and applied research by providing a working

environment

KARIN DISSAUER, PH.D. “Unprecedented spring 2020 ozone depletion in the context of 20 years of measurements at Eureka, Canada” | April 2021 | More ⇒ SPACE WEATHER INDICES Space Weather Indices. This page provides access to plots of several indices of solar and geomagnetic activity that are frequently used as inputs to space-weather models. Brief definitions of each of the indices plotted are as follows: F10.7 - Solar radio noise flux at a wavelength of 10.7 cm; SPACE WEATHER: REAL-TIME 24HR EFFECTIVE SUNSPOT NUMBER These plots provide a look at the global behavior of the ionospheric F2 layer over the past week as measured by the NWRA effective sunspot number (SSNe) calculated from current observations. The upper panel shows the SSNe variation, the third panel provides a goodness-of-fit metric (described below), and the lower panel gives the total number of foF2 observations in each SSNe calculation. SPACE WEATHER: F10.7 INDICES The F10.7 index is a measure of the noise level generated by the sun at a wavelength of 10.7 cm at the earth's orbit. The global daily value of this index is measured at local noon at the Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory (DRAO) in Penticton, Canada. Historically, this index has been used as an input to ionospheric models as a surrogate for the solar output in wavelengths that produce SPACE WEATHER: MAPS OF GEOMAGNETIC LATITUDE Geomagnetic Latitude. This maps shows lines of constant geomagnetic latitude based on apex geomagnetic coordinates referenced to an altitude of 350km. The geomagnetic equator is indicated by a dashed line. The coordinates were calculated using the IGRF-1985 geomagnetic field model updated to epoch 1990.0. The coordinate system used here

is a

SPACE WEATHER INDICES Space Weather Indices. This page provides access to plots of several indices of solar and geomagnetic activity that are frequently used as inputs to space-weather models. Brief definitions of each of the indices plotted are as follows: F10.7 - Solar radio noise flux at a wavelength of 10.7 cm; SPACE WEATHER: EFFECTIVE SSN INDICES Effective Sunspot-Number Indices. Note: Heavy (dark) lines are for the current 27-day Bartel rotation; light lines are for the last rotation. A NEW SEA SPRAY GENERATION FUNCTION FOR WIND SPEEDS UP TO 2176 JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY VOLUME 28 FIG.1. Various estimates of the sea spray generation function in terms of the volume flux, (4pr3/3)dF/dr0, for a 10-m wind speed 0 (U10)of15ms21.In Bortkovskii’s (1987) function, r WAVE BREAKING AND MIXING AT THE SUBTROPICAL TROPOPAUSE 1AUGUST 2002 SCOTT AND CAMMAS 2347 q 2002 American Meteorological Society Wave Breaking and Mixing at the Subtropical Tropopause R. K. SCOTT AND J.-P. CAMMAS Laboratoire d’Ae´rologie, Observatoire Midi Pyre´ne´es, Toulouse, France KARIN DISSAUER, PH.D. “Unprecedented spring 2020 ozone depletion in the context of 20 years of measurements at Eureka, Canada” | April 2021 | More ⇒ MARTINA BRAMBERGER, PH.D “Unprecedented spring 2020 ozone depletion in the context of 20 years of measurements at Eureka, Canada” | April 2021 | More ⇒ SPACE WEATHER INDICES Space Weather Indices. This page provides access to plots of several indices of solar and geomagnetic activity that are frequently used as inputs to space-weather models. Brief definitions of each of the indices plotted are as follows: F10.7 - Solar radio noise flux at a wavelength of 10.7 cm; SPACE WEATHER INDICES SUMMARY PAGE The preceeding table is a listing of various space-weather indices from a variety of sources. The listings in the upper section of the table are daily values covering the past week, and the listings in the lower section (labeled Real-time Geomagnetic ) are for the past 21

hours.

SPACE WEATHER: COMPARISON OF SSN INDICES This plot illustrates the differences between the Estimated International Sunspot Number (EISN), which is calculated from optical observations of the sun, a sunspot number derived from the 10.7cm solar radio flux (SSNf), and a sunspot number derived from fitting an ionospheric model to ionospheric measurements. All of these indices are used as inputs to models of the ionosphere for use in HOME PAGE FOR SHARON VADAS Phone: (303) 415-9701 (x 202); Fax: (303) 415-9702; vasha at nwra.com. Senior Research Scientist, NorthWest Research Associates, Inc., CoRA, Boulder, CO. Specialized professional competence: * Theoretical and numerical work with atmospheric gravity waves (GWs) * Modeling of the gravity waves excited by deep convection, body forces/heat/coolings SPACE WEATHER: MAPS OF GEOMAGNETIC BOUNDARIES The dot-dash green lines at high latitudes indicate the 50th-percentile latitude of the auroral oval at local (geomagnetic) midnight and the 3dot-dash red lines indicate the 90th-precentile latitudes. These latitudes were determined from analysis of >120,000 observations (1983-1991) of the location of the auroral boundary from

the USAF DMSP SSJ

GRAVITY WAVE PENETRATION INTO THE THERMOSPHERE D. C. Fritts and S. L. Vadas: Gravity wave penetration into the thermosphere 3843 Fig. 1. Mean temperatures (left), densities (center), and zonal winds (right) assumed for the computations of GW propagation, dissipation,

THE SOLAR DYNAMO

The Solar Dynamo. A Short Description of the Sun's Magnetic Field. Like the Earth, the Sun has got a magnetic field .In fact, it is possible to imagine that the Sun is

PERSPECTIVES

P ERSPECTIVES www.sciencemag.org SCIENCE VOL 301 18 JULY 2003 319 ture in the stratosphere appears to affect the NAM at Earth’s surface. Changes in solar ultraviolet radiation as a result of the 11- KARIN DISSAUER, PH.D. “Unprecedented spring 2020 ozone depletion in the context of 20 years of measurements at Eureka, Canada” | April 2021 | More ⇒ SPACE WEATHER: F10.7 INDICES The F10.7 index is a measure of the noise level generated by the sun at a wavelength of 10.7 cm at the earth's orbit. The global daily value of this index is measured at local noon at the Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory (DRAO) in Penticton, Canada. Historically, this index has been used as an input to ionospheric models as a surrogate for the solar output in wavelengths that produce HOME PAGE FOR SHARON VADAS Phone: (303) 415-9701 (x 202); Fax: (303) 415-9702; vasha at nwra.com. Senior Research Scientist, NorthWest Research Associates, Inc., CoRA, Boulder, CO. Specialized professional competence: * Theoretical and numerical work with atmospheric gravity waves (GWs) * Modeling of the gravity waves excited by deep convection, body forces/heat/coolings SPACE WEATHER INDICES Space Weather Indices. This page provides access to plots of several indices of solar and geomagnetic activity that are frequently used as inputs to space-weather models. Brief definitions of each of the indices plotted are as follows: F10.7 - Solar radio noise flux at a wavelength of 10.7 cm; SPACE WEATHER: EFFECTIVE SSN INDICES Effective Sunspot-Number Indices. Note: Heavy (dark) lines are for the current 27-day Bartel rotation; light lines are for the last rotation. SPACE WEATHER: MAPS OF GEOMAGNETIC LATITUDE Geomagnetic Latitude. This maps shows lines of constant geomagnetic latitude based on apex geomagnetic coordinates referenced to an altitude of 350km. The geomagnetic equator is indicated by a dashed line. The coordinates were calculated using the IGRF-1985 geomagnetic field model updated to epoch 1990.0. The coordinate system used here

is a

SPACE WEATHER: COMPARISON OF SSN INDICES This plot illustrates the differences between the Estimated International Sunspot Number (EISN), which is calculated from optical observations of the sun, a sunspot number derived from the 10.7cm solar radio flux (SSNf), and a sunspot number derived from fitting an ionospheric model to ionospheric measurements. All of these indices are used as inputs to models of the ionosphere for use in SPACE WEATHER: CYCLE 23/24/25 EFFECTIVE SUNSPOT NUMBER (SSNE) This plot provides a look at the progression of the smoothed NWRA effective sunspot number (SSNe) for solar cycles 23 and 24. The heavy solid curve is the smoothed SSNe (centered 13-month average), the light solid curve is the monthly average SSNe, and the dashed curve is a sunspot number calculated from the smoothed F10.7 solar flux. A NEW SEA SPRAY GENERATION FUNCTION FOR WIND SPEEDS UP TO 2176 JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY VOLUME 28 FIG.1. Various estimates of the sea spray generation function in terms of the volume flux, (4pr3/3)dF/dr0, for a 10-m wind speed 0 (U10)of15ms21.In Bortkovskii’s (1987) function, r

KDL'S HOMEPAGE

DISCLAIMER: I work for NWRA/CoRA, observe at NSO/SPO, and am currently funded by the NSF, NASA, and AFOSR. I think for myself and write for myself and take responsibility for both. KARIN DISSAUER, PH.D. “Unprecedented spring 2020 ozone depletion in the context of 20 years of measurements at Eureka, Canada” | April 2021 | More ⇒ SPACE WEATHER: F10.7 INDICES The F10.7 index is a measure of the noise level generated by the sun at a wavelength of 10.7 cm at the earth's orbit. The global daily value of this index is measured at local noon at the Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory (DRAO) in Penticton, Canada. Historically, this index has been used as an input to ionospheric models as a surrogate for the solar output in wavelengths that produce HOME PAGE FOR SHARON VADAS Phone: (303) 415-9701 (x 202); Fax: (303) 415-9702; vasha at nwra.com. Senior Research Scientist, NorthWest Research Associates, Inc., CoRA, Boulder, CO. Specialized professional competence: * Theoretical and numerical work with atmospheric gravity waves (GWs) * Modeling of the gravity waves excited by deep convection, body forces/heat/coolings SPACE WEATHER INDICES Space Weather Indices. This page provides access to plots of several indices of solar and geomagnetic activity that are frequently used as inputs to space-weather models. Brief definitions of each of the indices plotted are as follows: F10.7 - Solar radio noise flux at a wavelength of 10.7 cm; SPACE WEATHER: EFFECTIVE SSN INDICES Effective Sunspot-Number Indices. Note: Heavy (dark) lines are for the current 27-day Bartel rotation; light lines are for the last rotation. SPACE WEATHER: MAPS OF GEOMAGNETIC LATITUDE Geomagnetic Latitude. This maps shows lines of constant geomagnetic latitude based on apex geomagnetic coordinates referenced to an altitude of 350km. The geomagnetic equator is indicated by a dashed line. The coordinates were calculated using the IGRF-1985 geomagnetic field model updated to epoch 1990.0. The coordinate system used here

is a

SPACE WEATHER: COMPARISON OF SSN INDICES This plot illustrates the differences between the Estimated International Sunspot Number (EISN), which is calculated from optical observations of the sun, a sunspot number derived from the 10.7cm solar radio flux (SSNf), and a sunspot number derived from fitting an ionospheric model to ionospheric measurements. All of these indices are used as inputs to models of the ionosphere for use in SPACE WEATHER: CYCLE 23/24/25 EFFECTIVE SUNSPOT NUMBER (SSNE) This plot provides a look at the progression of the smoothed NWRA effective sunspot number (SSNe) for solar cycles 23 and 24. The heavy solid curve is the smoothed SSNe (centered 13-month average), the light solid curve is the monthly average SSNe, and the dashed curve is a sunspot number calculated from the smoothed F10.7 solar flux. A NEW SEA SPRAY GENERATION FUNCTION FOR WIND SPEEDS UP TO 2176 JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY VOLUME 28 FIG.1. Various estimates of the sea spray generation function in terms of the volume flux, (4pr3/3)dF/dr0, for a 10-m wind speed 0 (U10)of15ms21.In Bortkovskii’s (1987) function, r

KDL'S HOMEPAGE

DISCLAIMER: I work for NWRA/CoRA, observe at NSO/SPO, and am currently funded by the NSF, NASA, and AFOSR. I think for myself and write for myself and take responsibility for both.

NWRA — PEOPLE

kelsey@nwra.com. (831) 372-1140. Research interests: Atmospheric and Environmental Scientist with 5+ years of experience in remote sensing, ionospheric data analysis, GPS signal processing, and radiographic image processing. Solid background in MATLAB and IDL/ENVI programming for modeling and simulation purposes, along with diagnostic

development.

NWRA — COHERENT RADIO RECEIVING SYSTEMS ITS Receivers are now manufactured and marketed by Northwest Research Engineering, LLC.. For further information please contact Mr. Frank Smith: phone: (425) 556-9782; e-mail: frank@nwra.com web: www.nw-re.us For assessing the transionospheric communication channel, NWRA has developed two radio receiving systems capable of measuring the intensity of and relative phase between VHF and MARTINA BRAMBERGER, PH.D “Unprecedented spring 2020 ozone depletion in the context of 20 years of measurements at Eureka, Canada” | April 2021 | More ⇒ SPACE WEATHER INDICES SUMMARY PAGE The preceeding table is a listing of various space-weather indices from a variety of sources. The listings in the upper section of the table are daily values covering the past week, and the listings in the lower section (labeled Real-time Geomagnetic ) are for the past 21

hours.

HOME PAGE FOR SHARON VADAS Phone: (303) 415-9701 (x 202); Fax: (303) 415-9702; vasha at nwra.com. Senior Research Scientist, NorthWest Research Associates, Inc., CoRA, Boulder, CO. Specialized professional competence: * Theoretical and numerical work with atmospheric gravity waves (GWs) * Modeling of the gravity waves excited by deep convection, body forces/heat/coolings

KDL'S HOMEPAGE

DISCLAIMER: I work for NWRA/CoRA, observe at NSO/SPO, and am currently funded by the NSF, NASA, and AFOSR. I think for myself and write for myself and take responsibility for both. IMAGING THE FAR SIDE OF THE SUN Imaging the Far Side of the Sun In 2000, Doug Braun and Charlie Lindsey used the technique of helioseismic holography to image, for the first time, active regions on the backsi er, far surface of the

Sun.

PORSEC ASSOCIATION

The PORSEC Association mission is to promote the open exchange of knowledge about the oceans and related atmospheric sciences and the use of remote sensing technology in oceanic research, through applying state of the art techniques related to ocean remote sensing, including space and underwater technologies, as well as associated data management and information technology SPACE WEATHER INDICES Space Weather Indices. This page provides access to plots of several indices of solar and geomagnetic activity that are frequently used as inputs to space-weather models. Brief definitions of each of the indices plotted are as follows: F10.7 - Solar radio noise flux at a wavelength of 10.7 cm; SPACE WEATHER: COMPARISON OF SSN INDICES This plot illustrates the differences between the Estimated International Sunspot Number (EISN), which is calculated from optical observations of the sun, a sunspot number derived from the 10.7cm solar radio flux (SSNf), and a sunspot number derived from fitting an ionospheric model to ionospheric measurements. All of these indices are used as inputs to models of the ionosphere for use in KARIN DISSAUER, PH.D. “Unprecedented spring 2020 ozone depletion in the context of 20 years of measurements at Eureka, Canada” | April 2021 | More ⇒ SPACE WEATHER: F10.7 INDICES The F10.7 index is a measure of the noise level generated by the sun at a wavelength of 10.7 cm at the earth's orbit. The global daily value of this index is measured at local noon at the Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory (DRAO) in Penticton, Canada. Historically, this index has been used as an input to ionospheric models as a surrogate for the solar output in wavelengths that produce HOME PAGE FOR SHARON VADAS Phone: (303) 415-9701 (x 202); Fax: (303) 415-9702; vasha at nwra.com. Senior Research Scientist, NorthWest Research Associates, Inc., CoRA, Boulder, CO. Specialized professional competence: * Theoretical and numerical work with atmospheric gravity waves (GWs) * Modeling of the gravity waves excited by deep convection, body forces/heat/coolings SPACE WEATHER INDICES Space Weather Indices. This page provides access to plots of several indices of solar and geomagnetic activity that are frequently used as inputs to space-weather models. Brief definitions of each of the indices plotted are as follows: F10.7 - Solar radio noise flux at a wavelength of 10.7 cm; SPACE WEATHER: EFFECTIVE SSN INDICES Effective Sunspot-Number Indices. Note: Heavy (dark) lines are for the current 27-day Bartel rotation; light lines are for the last rotation. SPACE WEATHER: MAPS OF GEOMAGNETIC LATITUDE Geomagnetic Latitude. This maps shows lines of constant geomagnetic latitude based on apex geomagnetic coordinates referenced to an altitude of 350km. The geomagnetic equator is indicated by a dashed line. The coordinates were calculated using the IGRF-1985 geomagnetic field model updated to epoch 1990.0. The coordinate system used here

is a

SPACE WEATHER: COMPARISON OF SSN INDICES This plot illustrates the differences between the Estimated International Sunspot Number (EISN), which is calculated from optical observations of the sun, a sunspot number derived from the 10.7cm solar radio flux (SSNf), and a sunspot number derived from fitting an ionospheric model to ionospheric measurements. All of these indices are used as inputs to models of the ionosphere for use in SPACE WEATHER: CYCLE 23/24/25 EFFECTIVE SUNSPOT NUMBER (SSNE) This plot provides a look at the progression of the smoothed NWRA effective sunspot number (SSNe) for solar cycles 23 and 24. The heavy solid curve is the smoothed SSNe (centered 13-month average), the light solid curve is the monthly average SSNe, and the dashed curve is a sunspot number calculated from the smoothed F10.7 solar flux. A NEW SEA SPRAY GENERATION FUNCTION FOR WIND SPEEDS UP TO 2176 JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY VOLUME 28 FIG.1. Various estimates of the sea spray generation function in terms of the volume flux, (4pr3/3)dF/dr0, for a 10-m wind speed 0 (U10)of15ms21.In Bortkovskii’s (1987) function, r

KDL'S HOMEPAGE

DISCLAIMER: I work for NWRA/CoRA, observe at NSO/SPO, and am currently funded by the NSF, NASA, and AFOSR. I think for myself and write for myself and take responsibility for both. KARIN DISSAUER, PH.D. “Unprecedented spring 2020 ozone depletion in the context of 20 years of measurements at Eureka, Canada” | April 2021 | More ⇒ SPACE WEATHER: F10.7 INDICES The F10.7 index is a measure of the noise level generated by the sun at a wavelength of 10.7 cm at the earth's orbit. The global daily value of this index is measured at local noon at the Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory (DRAO) in Penticton, Canada. Historically, this index has been used as an input to ionospheric models as a surrogate for the solar output in wavelengths that produce HOME PAGE FOR SHARON VADAS Phone: (303) 415-9701 (x 202); Fax: (303) 415-9702; vasha at nwra.com. Senior Research Scientist, NorthWest Research Associates, Inc., CoRA, Boulder, CO. Specialized professional competence: * Theoretical and numerical work with atmospheric gravity waves (GWs) * Modeling of the gravity waves excited by deep convection, body forces/heat/coolings SPACE WEATHER INDICES Space Weather Indices. This page provides access to plots of several indices of solar and geomagnetic activity that are frequently used as inputs to space-weather models. Brief definitions of each of the indices plotted are as follows: F10.7 - Solar radio noise flux at a wavelength of 10.7 cm; SPACE WEATHER: EFFECTIVE SSN INDICES Effective Sunspot-Number Indices. Note: Heavy (dark) lines are for the current 27-day Bartel rotation; light lines are for the last rotation. SPACE WEATHER: MAPS OF GEOMAGNETIC LATITUDE Geomagnetic Latitude. This maps shows lines of constant geomagnetic latitude based on apex geomagnetic coordinates referenced to an altitude of 350km. The geomagnetic equator is indicated by a dashed line. The coordinates were calculated using the IGRF-1985 geomagnetic field model updated to epoch 1990.0. The coordinate system used here

is a

SPACE WEATHER: COMPARISON OF SSN INDICES This plot illustrates the differences between the Estimated International Sunspot Number (EISN), which is calculated from optical observations of the sun, a sunspot number derived from the 10.7cm solar radio flux (SSNf), and a sunspot number derived from fitting an ionospheric model to ionospheric measurements. All of these indices are used as inputs to models of the ionosphere for use in SPACE WEATHER: CYCLE 23/24/25 EFFECTIVE SUNSPOT NUMBER (SSNE) This plot provides a look at the progression of the smoothed NWRA effective sunspot number (SSNe) for solar cycles 23 and 24. The heavy solid curve is the smoothed SSNe (centered 13-month average), the light solid curve is the monthly average SSNe, and the dashed curve is a sunspot number calculated from the smoothed F10.7 solar flux. A NEW SEA SPRAY GENERATION FUNCTION FOR WIND SPEEDS UP TO 2176 JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY VOLUME 28 FIG.1. Various estimates of the sea spray generation function in terms of the volume flux, (4pr3/3)dF/dr0, for a 10-m wind speed 0 (U10)of15ms21.In Bortkovskii’s (1987) function, r

KDL'S HOMEPAGE

DISCLAIMER: I work for NWRA/CoRA, observe at NSO/SPO, and am currently funded by the NSF, NASA, and AFOSR. I think for myself and write for myself and take responsibility for both.

NWRA — PEOPLE

kelsey@nwra.com. (831) 372-1140. Research interests: Atmospheric and Environmental Scientist with 5+ years of experience in remote sensing, ionospheric data analysis, GPS signal processing, and radiographic image processing. Solid background in MATLAB and IDL/ENVI programming for modeling and simulation purposes, along with diagnostic

development.

NWRA — COHERENT RADIO RECEIVING SYSTEMS ITS Receivers are now manufactured and marketed by Northwest Research Engineering, LLC.. For further information please contact Mr. Frank Smith: phone: (425) 556-9782; e-mail: frank@nwra.com web: www.nw-re.us For assessing the transionospheric communication channel, NWRA has developed two radio receiving systems capable of measuring the intensity of and relative phase between VHF and MARTINA BRAMBERGER, PH.D “Unprecedented spring 2020 ozone depletion in the context of 20 years of measurements at Eureka, Canada” | April 2021 | More ⇒ SPACE WEATHER INDICES SUMMARY PAGE The preceeding table is a listing of various space-weather indices from a variety of sources. The listings in the upper section of the table are daily values covering the past week, and the listings in the lower section (labeled Real-time Geomagnetic ) are for the past 21

hours.

HOME PAGE FOR SHARON VADAS Phone: (303) 415-9701 (x 202); Fax: (303) 415-9702; vasha at nwra.com. Senior Research Scientist, NorthWest Research Associates, Inc., CoRA, Boulder, CO. Specialized professional competence: * Theoretical and numerical work with atmospheric gravity waves (GWs) * Modeling of the gravity waves excited by deep convection, body forces/heat/coolings

KDL'S HOMEPAGE

DISCLAIMER: I work for NWRA/CoRA, observe at NSO/SPO, and am currently funded by the NSF, NASA, and AFOSR. I think for myself and write for myself and take responsibility for both. IMAGING THE FAR SIDE OF THE SUN Imaging the Far Side of the Sun In 2000, Doug Braun and Charlie Lindsey used the technique of helioseismic holography to image, for the first time, active regions on the backsi er, far surface of the

Sun.

PORSEC ASSOCIATION

The PORSEC Association mission is to promote the open exchange of knowledge about the oceans and related atmospheric sciences and the use of remote sensing technology in oceanic research, through applying state of the art techniques related to ocean remote sensing, including space and underwater technologies, as well as associated data management and information technology SPACE WEATHER INDICES Space Weather Indices. This page provides access to plots of several indices of solar and geomagnetic activity that are frequently used as inputs to space-weather models. Brief definitions of each of the indices plotted are as follows: F10.7 - Solar radio noise flux at a wavelength of 10.7 cm; SPACE WEATHER: COMPARISON OF SSN INDICES This plot illustrates the differences between the Estimated International Sunspot Number (EISN), which is calculated from optical observations of the sun, a sunspot number derived from the 10.7cm solar radio flux (SSNf), and a sunspot number derived from fitting an ionospheric model to ionospheric measurements. All of these indices are used as inputs to models of the ionosphere for use in NORTHWEST RESEARCH ASSOCIATES _EXCELLENCE IN BASIC & APPLIED RESEARCH_

* home

* research

* services

* outreach

* people

* about

* contact

* careers

WELCOME TO NORTHWEST RESEARCH ASSOCIATES Solar and Stellar Physics Ionosphere and Upper Atmosphere Atmosphere and Climate Terrestrial, Oceans, and Sea Ice E&M and Fluid Mechanics Data Assimilation and Statistical Signal Processing NorthWest Research Associates (NWRA) is a scientific research organization, owned and operated by its Principal Investigators, with expertise in the geophysical and space sciences. NWRA'S MISSION is to achieve excellence in basic and applied research by providing a working environment designed to support the success of every scientist and engineer. NWRA is a certified small-business concern and the FY 2014 NASA Langley Research Center Small Business Prime Contractor of the Year.

NEWS & EVENTS

FAREWELL TO OUR STUDENTS INTERNS. | _October 2020_ | More ⇒ FAREWELL TO SUSANNE ADAMSON, OPERATIONS MANAGER IN REDMOND. | _October 2020_ | More ⇒ FAREWELL TO BRIANNE KELLEHER, SUPPORT SCIENTIST IN MONTEREY. | _October 2020_ | More ⇒ PRESS RELEASE: “IMPROVING THE UNDERSTANDING AND REPRESENTATION OF ATMOSPHERIC GRAVITY WAVES USING HIGH-RESOLUTION OBSERVATIONS AND MACHINE LEARNING” | _October 2020_ | More ⇒ HIGHLIGHTED PUBLICATIONS “SOLVING THE CLIMATE CRISIS: LESSONS FROM OZONE DEPLETION AND COVID-19” | _October 2020_ | More ⇒ “ON MEASURING DIVERGENCE FOR MAGNETIC FIELD MODELING” | _October

2020_ | More ⇒

“SUBMERGED SOURCES OF TRANSIENT ACOUSTIC EMISSION FROM SOLAR FLARES” | _October 2020_ | More ⇒ “ULTRA-IMPULSIVE SOLAR FLARE SEISMOLOGY” | _October 2020_ |

More ⇒

“THE REMARKABLY STRONG ARCTIC STRATOSPHERIC POLAR VORTEX OF WINTER 2020: LINKS TO RECORD-BREAKING ARCTIC OSCILLATION AND OZONE LOSS” | _October 2020_ | More ⇒ Copyright © 2020 NorthWest Research Associates, Inc. All rights

reserved.