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I'VE GIVENMELBOURNE
recent thoughts on my blog. No news is a sign of a stagnating Internet — Today, Facebook shut off the news in Australia – all of it, and much more besides. For example, when I tried to post a link to this blog entry on Facebook, they responded:ABOUT:MNOT
Mark Nottingham has helped to define and develop the Web and the Internet since the late 90’s. He has written, edited or substantially contributed to more than thirty IETF RFCs and W3C Recommendations about topics like HTTP, caching, linking, Web architecture, privacy and security. RÉSUMÉ - MNOTSEE MORE ON MNOT.NETRSS TUTORIAL
These links should be placed on the Web page that is most similar to the feed content; this enables people to find them as they browse. Note that Atom feeds should use application/atom+xml rather than application/rss+xml in both styles of use.. Finally, there are a number of guides and registries for RSS feeds that people can search and browse through, much like the Yahoo directory for Web CACHING TUTORIAL FOR WEB AUTHORS AND WEBMASTERS for Web Authors and Webmasters. This is an informational document. Although technical in nature, it attempts to make the concepts involved understandable and applicable in real-world situations. MNOT’S BLOG: HOW MULTIPLEXING CHANGES YOUR HTTP APIS Sunday, 13 October 2019. HTTP. How Multiplexing Changes Your HTTP APIs. When I first learned about SPDY, I was excited about it for a number of reasons, but near the top of the list was its potential impact on APIs that use HTTP. MNOT’S BLOG: THE STATE OF BROWSER CACHING, REVISITEDSEE MORE ONMNOT.NET
MNOT’S BLOG: OPTIONS IS NOT THE METHOD YOU'RE LOOKING FOR Monday, 29 October 2012. HTTP Protocol Design. OPTIONS is Not the Method You're Looking For. Once in a while, people ask me whether they should use the OPTIONS HTTP method, and whether we should try to define formats for discovering resource capabilities with it.. I usually say “no.” HPACK - HEADER COMPRESSION FOR HTTP/2 - MNOT 2. HPACK Overview. In HTTP/1.1 (see ), header fields are encoded without any form of compression.As web pages have grown to include dozens to hundreds of requests, the redundant header fields in these requests now measurably increase latency and unnecessarily consume bandwidth (see and ).. SPDY initially addressed this redundancy by compressing UN TUTORIEL DE LA MISE EN CACHE POUR LES AUTEURS …TRANSLATE THIS PAGESEE MORE ON MNOT.NET MNOTABOUTCACHING TUTORIALMNOT'S BLOGWHAT TO EXPECT FROM HTTP/2TALKSI'VE GIVENMELBOURNE
recent thoughts on my blog. No news is a sign of a stagnating Internet — Today, Facebook shut off the news in Australia – all of it, and much more besides. For example, when I tried to post a link to this blog entry on Facebook, they responded:ABOUT:MNOT
Mark Nottingham has helped to define and develop the Web and the Internet since the late 90’s. He has written, edited or substantially contributed to more than thirty IETF RFCs and W3C Recommendations about topics like HTTP, caching, linking, Web architecture, privacy and security. RÉSUMÉ - MNOTSEE MORE ON MNOT.NETRSS TUTORIAL
These links should be placed on the Web page that is most similar to the feed content; this enables people to find them as they browse. Note that Atom feeds should use application/atom+xml rather than application/rss+xml in both styles of use.. Finally, there are a number of guides and registries for RSS feeds that people can search and browse through, much like the Yahoo directory for Web CACHING TUTORIAL FOR WEB AUTHORS AND WEBMASTERS for Web Authors and Webmasters. This is an informational document. Although technical in nature, it attempts to make the concepts involved understandable and applicable in real-world situations. MNOT’S BLOG: HOW MULTIPLEXING CHANGES YOUR HTTP APIS Sunday, 13 October 2019. HTTP. How Multiplexing Changes Your HTTP APIs. When I first learned about SPDY, I was excited about it for a number of reasons, but near the top of the list was its potential impact on APIs that use HTTP. MNOT’S BLOG: THE STATE OF BROWSER CACHING, REVISITEDSEE MORE ONMNOT.NET
MNOT’S BLOG: OPTIONS IS NOT THE METHOD YOU'RE LOOKING FOR Monday, 29 October 2012. HTTP Protocol Design. OPTIONS is Not the Method You're Looking For. Once in a while, people ask me whether they should use the OPTIONS HTTP method, and whether we should try to define formats for discovering resource capabilities with it.. I usually say “no.” HPACK - HEADER COMPRESSION FOR HTTP/2 - MNOT 2. HPACK Overview. In HTTP/1.1 (see ), header fields are encoded without any form of compression.As web pages have grown to include dozens to hundreds of requests, the redundant header fields in these requests now measurably increase latency and unnecessarily consume bandwidth (see and ).. SPDY initially addressed this redundancy by compressing UN TUTORIEL DE LA MISE EN CACHE POUR LES AUTEURS …TRANSLATE THIS PAGESEE MORE ON MNOT.NETABOUT:MNOT
Mark Nottingham has helped to define and develop the Web and the Internet since the late 90’s. He has written, edited or substantially contributed to more than thirty IETF RFCs and W3C Recommendations about topics like HTTP, caching, linking, Web architecture, privacy and security.STANDARDS - MNOT
Friday, 28 August 2020. RFC8890: The Internet is for End Users The Internet Architecture Board (IAB) has published RFC8890, The Internet is for End Users, arguing that the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) should ground its decisions in what’s good for people who use the Internet, and that it should take positive steps to achieve that.RÉSUMÉ - MNOT
Mark Nottingham mnot@mnot.net https://www.mnot.net/ linkedin profile open source contributions. Summary. A contributor to the development of the Internet and the Web MNOT’S BLOG: HOW (NOT) TO CONTROL YOUR CDN Wednesday, 7 June 2017. Caching HTTP. How (Not) to Control Your CDN. In February, Omer Gil described the Web Cache Deception Attack.. In a nutshell, it goes like this: when your CDN (or reverse proxy) applies caching policy to responses based upon the URL, there’s an opportunity to get something unintentionally cached – and thereby made public – if the server’s understanding of theMELBOURNE - MNOT
The CBD itself is a grid pattern, oriented with the long edge roughly East to West. While the centre of the CBD is technically at Swanston Street and Bourke Street, the south side – near the Yarra – on Swanston acts as the focus of the city, thanks to the presence of Flinders Street Station and Federation Square (but we’ll get to themin a moment).
MNOT’S BLOG: HOW TO THINK ABOUT HTTP STATUS CODES There’s more than a little confusion and angst out there about HTTP status codes. I’ve received more than a few e-mails (and IMs, and DMs) over the years from stressed-out developers (once at 2am, their time!) asking something like this: MNOT’S BLOG: OPTIONS IS NOT THE METHOD YOU'RE LOOKING FOR Monday, 29 October 2012. HTTP Protocol Design. OPTIONS is Not the Method You're Looking For. Once in a while, people ask me whether they should use the OPTIONS HTTP method, and whether we should try to define formats for discovering resource capabilities with it.. I usually say “no.” MNOT’S BLOG: HOW TO READ AN RFC For better or worse, Requests for Comments (RFCs) are how we specify many protocols on the Internet. These documents are alternatively treated as holy texts by developers who parse them for hidden meanings, then shunned as irrelevant because they can’t be understood. This often leads to frustration and – more significantly – interoperability and security issues.BITS ON THE WIRE
RFC4034 RFC4035. Before sonic.net.berkeley.edu. 10801 IN A 128.32.155.9 After sonic.net.berkeley.edu. 10801 IN A 128.32.155.9 sonic.net.berkeley.edu. 10801 IN RRSIG A MNOT’S BLOG: IDEAL HTTP PERFORMANCE Friday, 22 April 2016. HTTP Web. Ideal HTTP Performance. The implicit goal for Web performance is to reduce end-user perceived latency; to get the page in front of the user and interactive as soon as possible. MNOTABOUTCACHING TUTORIALMNOT'S BLOGWHAT TO EXPECT FROM HTTP/2TALKSI'VE GIVENMELBOURNE
recent thoughts on my blog. No news is a sign of a stagnating Internet — Today, Facebook shut off the news in Australia – all of it, and much more besides. For example, when I tried to post a link to this blog entry on Facebook, they responded:STANDARDS - MNOT
Friday, 28 August 2020. RFC8890: The Internet is for End Users The Internet Architecture Board (IAB) has published RFC8890, The Internet is for End Users, arguing that the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) should ground its decisions in what’s good for people who use the Internet, and that it should take positive steps to achieve that. MNOT’S BLOG: NO NEWS IS... A SIGN OF A STAGNATING INTERNET Thursday, 18 February 2021. Standards Web Australia. No news is a sign of a stagnating Internet. Today, Facebook shut off the news in Australia – all of it, and much more besides.RSS TUTORIAL
These links should be placed on the Web page that is most similar to the feed content; this enables people to find them as they browse. Note that Atom feeds should use application/atom+xml rather than application/rss+xml in both styles of use.. Finally, there are a number of guides and registries for RSS feeds that people can search and browse through, much like the Yahoo directory for Web MNOT’S BLOG: HOW (NOT) TO CONTROL YOUR CDN Wednesday, 7 June 2017. Caching HTTP. How (Not) to Control Your CDN. In February, Omer Gil described the Web Cache Deception Attack.. In a nutshell, it goes like this: when your CDN (or reverse proxy) applies caching policy to responses based upon the URL, there’s an opportunity to get something unintentionally cached – and thereby made public – if the server’s understanding of the MNOT’S BLOG: HOW MULTIPLEXING CHANGES YOUR HTTP APIS Sunday, 13 October 2019. HTTP. How Multiplexing Changes Your HTTP APIs. When I first learned about SPDY, I was excited about it for a number of reasons, but near the top of the list was its potential impact on APIs that use HTTP. MNOT’S BLOG: HOW TO THINK ABOUT HTTP STATUS CODESSEE MORE ONMNOT.NET
MNOT’S BLOG: THE STATE OF BROWSER CACHING, REVISITEDSEE MORE ONMNOT.NET
MNOT’S BLOG: HOW TO READ AN RFCSEE MORE ON MNOT.NET MNOT’S BLOG: HTTP/2 IMPLEMENTATION STATUS Monday, 15 June 2015. HTTP. HTTP/2 Implementation Status. RFC7540 has been out for about a month, so it seems like a good time for a snapshot of where HTTP/2 implementation is at.. Browsers and HTTP/2. Apple was the last “major” browser vendor whose plans about HTTP/2 support were unclear, and last week they announced them for the upcoming iOS9 and OS X 10.11 at WWDC. MNOTABOUTCACHING TUTORIALMNOT'S BLOGWHAT TO EXPECT FROM HTTP/2TALKSI'VE GIVENMELBOURNE
recent thoughts on my blog. No news is a sign of a stagnating Internet — Today, Facebook shut off the news in Australia – all of it, and much more besides. For example, when I tried to post a link to this blog entry on Facebook, they responded:STANDARDS - MNOT
Friday, 28 August 2020. RFC8890: The Internet is for End Users The Internet Architecture Board (IAB) has published RFC8890, The Internet is for End Users, arguing that the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) should ground its decisions in what’s good for people who use the Internet, and that it should take positive steps to achieve that. MNOT’S BLOG: NO NEWS IS... A SIGN OF A STAGNATING INTERNET Thursday, 18 February 2021. Standards Web Australia. No news is a sign of a stagnating Internet. Today, Facebook shut off the news in Australia – all of it, and much more besides.RSS TUTORIAL
These links should be placed on the Web page that is most similar to the feed content; this enables people to find them as they browse. Note that Atom feeds should use application/atom+xml rather than application/rss+xml in both styles of use.. Finally, there are a number of guides and registries for RSS feeds that people can search and browse through, much like the Yahoo directory for Web MNOT’S BLOG: HOW (NOT) TO CONTROL YOUR CDN Wednesday, 7 June 2017. Caching HTTP. How (Not) to Control Your CDN. In February, Omer Gil described the Web Cache Deception Attack.. In a nutshell, it goes like this: when your CDN (or reverse proxy) applies caching policy to responses based upon the URL, there’s an opportunity to get something unintentionally cached – and thereby made public – if the server’s understanding of the MNOT’S BLOG: HOW MULTIPLEXING CHANGES YOUR HTTP APIS Sunday, 13 October 2019. HTTP. How Multiplexing Changes Your HTTP APIs. When I first learned about SPDY, I was excited about it for a number of reasons, but near the top of the list was its potential impact on APIs that use HTTP. MNOT’S BLOG: HOW TO THINK ABOUT HTTP STATUS CODESSEE MORE ONMNOT.NET
MNOT’S BLOG: THE STATE OF BROWSER CACHING, REVISITEDSEE MORE ONMNOT.NET
MNOT’S BLOG: HOW TO READ AN RFCSEE MORE ON MNOT.NET MNOT’S BLOG: HTTP/2 IMPLEMENTATION STATUS Monday, 15 June 2015. HTTP. HTTP/2 Implementation Status. RFC7540 has been out for about a month, so it seems like a good time for a snapshot of where HTTP/2 implementation is at.. Browsers and HTTP/2. Apple was the last “major” browser vendor whose plans about HTTP/2 support were unclear, and last week they announced them for the upcoming iOS9 and OS X 10.11 at WWDC.STANDARDS - MNOT
Friday, 28 August 2020. RFC8890: The Internet is for End Users The Internet Architecture Board (IAB) has published RFC8890, The Internet is for End Users, arguing that the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) should ground its decisions in what’s good for people who use the Internet, and that it should take positive steps to achieve that. MNOT’S BLOG: WHAT LIMITS LEGAL ACCESS TO CLOUD DATA IN Monday, 29 June 2020. Law Internet Australia. What limits legal access to cloud data in Australia? The Telecommunications and Other Legislation Amendment (Assistance and Access) Act 2018 1 has proven controversial both before and after passage, 2 with considerable debate about its industry assistance framework and its potential for systemically weakening encryption on the Internet - MNOT’S BLOG: HOW (NOT) TO CONTROL YOUR CDN Wednesday, 7 June 2017. Caching HTTP. How (Not) to Control Your CDN. In February, Omer Gil described the Web Cache Deception Attack.. In a nutshell, it goes like this: when your CDN (or reverse proxy) applies caching policy to responses based upon the URL, there’s an opportunity to get something unintentionally cached – and thereby made public – if the server’s understanding of the MNOT’S BLOG: WHAT IS THE WEB? Thursday, 4 December 2014. Web. What is the Web? This post is mostly for folks who haven’t been following Web standards closely — especially IETF folks. MNOT’S BLOG: DESIGNING HEADERS FOR HTTP COMPRESSION where foo is a number between 1 and 20, bar and bat are booleans, and baz is a number between 1 and 10, that means that there are 20 x 2 x 10 * 2 = 800 (!) possible permutations of this header value.. Let’s say that the field name and value have an average of 44 characters; remembering the 32 byte overhead (this is why it was important), that’s 76 x 800 = 60,800 bytes of space in the MNOT’S BLOG: IDEAL HTTP PERFORMANCE Friday, 22 April 2016. HTTP Web. Ideal HTTP Performance. The implicit goal for Web performance is to reduce end-user perceived latency; to get the page in front of the user and interactive as soon as possible. MNOT’S BLOG: STRENGTHENING HTTP: A PERSONAL VIEW Saturday, 4 January 2014. HTTP Protocol Design Standards. Strengthening HTTP: A Personal View. Recently, one of the hottest topics in the Internet protocol community has been whether the newest version of the Web’s protocol, HTTP/2, will require, encourage or indeed say anything about the use of encryption in response to the pervasive monitoring attacks revealed to the world by Edward MNOT’S BLOG: TWO HTTP CACHING EXTENSIONS Wednesday, 12 December 2007. Caching HTTP Protocol Design Standards Web Web Services. Two HTTP Caching Extensions. We use caching extensively inside Yahoo! to improve scalability, latency and availability for back-end HTTP services, as I’ve discussed before.. However, there are a few situations where the plain vanilla HTTP caching model doesn’t quite do the trick. MNOT’S BLOG: IF YOU CAN READ THIS, YOU'RE SNIING Friday, 9 May 2014. HTTP Web. If You Can Read This, You're SNIing. When TLS was defined, it didn’t allow more than one hostname to be available on a single IP address / port pair, leading to “virtual hosting” issues; each Web site (for example) now requires a dedicated IP address. MNOT’S BLOG: RFC2616 IS DEAD Saturday, 7 June 2014. HTTP Standards Web. RFC2616 is Dead. Don’t use RFC2616. Delete it from your hard drives, bookmarks, and burn (or responsibly recycle) any copies that are printed out. MNOTABOUTCACHING TUTORIALMNOT'S BLOGWHAT TO EXPECT FROM HTTP/2TALKSI'VE GIVENMELBOURNE
Moving Control to the Endpoints — The introduction of encrypted DNS is a natural step in the process of securing the Internet, but it has brought a considerable amount of controversy, because it removes a means of control for network operators -- including not only enterprises but also schools and parents. The solution is to movecontrol of
MNOT’S BLOG: HOW (NOT) TO CONTROL YOUR CDN Wednesday, 7 June 2017. Caching HTTP. How (Not) to Control Your CDN. In February, Omer Gil described the Web Cache Deception Attack.. In a nutshell, it goes like this: when your CDN (or reverse proxy) applies caching policy to responses based upon the URL, there’s an opportunity to get something unintentionally cached – and thereby made public – if the server’s understanding of theSTANDARDS - MNOT
On RFC8674, the safe preference for HTTP. It’s become common for Web sites – particularly those that host third-party or user-generated content – to make a “safe” mode available, where content that might be objectionable is hidden. For example, a parent who wants to steer their child away from the rougher corners of the Internet might MNOT’S BLOG: HOW MULTIPLEXING CHANGES YOUR HTTP APIS HTTP/2 is fundamentally different to HTTP/1 in several ways, but multiplexing – the ability to have multiple requests and responses in flight on one connection – is the biggest. Multiplexing associates each request/response exchange with a stream ID, and uses that to make sure that the chunks of each aren’t mixed up whenthey’re
MNOT’S BLOG: HOW TO THINK ABOUT HTTP STATUS CODESSEE MORE ONMNOT.NET
RSS TUTORIAL
RSS Tutorial. This tutorial explains the features and benefits of a Web format called RSS, and gives a brief technical overview of it. It also includes information on a similar format called Atom. The reader is assumed to have some familiarity with XML and other Web technologies. It is not meant to be exhaustive; for more information,see the
MNOT’S BLOG: THE STATE OF BROWSER CACHING, REVISITEDSEE MORE ONMNOT.NET
MNOT’S BLOG: HOW TO READ AN RFCSEE MORE ON MNOT.NET MNOT’S BLOG: LINKING IN JSON Friday, 25 November 2011. Web. Linking in JSON. To be a full-fledged format on the Web, you need to support links – something sorely missing in JSON, which many have noticed lately. MNOT’S BLOG: HTTP/2 IMPLEMENTATION STATUS Monday, 15 June 2015. HTTP. HTTP/2 Implementation Status. RFC7540 has been out for about a month, so it seems like a good time for a snapshot of where HTTP/2 implementation is at.. Browsers and HTTP/2. Apple was the last “major” browser vendor whose plans about HTTP/2 support were unclear, and last week they announced them for the upcoming iOS9 and OS X 10.11 at WWDC. MNOTABOUTCACHING TUTORIALMNOT'S BLOGWHAT TO EXPECT FROM HTTP/2TALKSI'VE GIVENMELBOURNE
Moving Control to the Endpoints — The introduction of encrypted DNS is a natural step in the process of securing the Internet, but it has brought a considerable amount of controversy, because it removes a means of control for network operators -- including not only enterprises but also schools and parents. The solution is to movecontrol of
MNOT’S BLOG: HOW (NOT) TO CONTROL YOUR CDN Wednesday, 7 June 2017. Caching HTTP. How (Not) to Control Your CDN. In February, Omer Gil described the Web Cache Deception Attack.. In a nutshell, it goes like this: when your CDN (or reverse proxy) applies caching policy to responses based upon the URL, there’s an opportunity to get something unintentionally cached – and thereby made public – if the server’s understanding of theSTANDARDS - MNOT
On RFC8674, the safe preference for HTTP. It’s become common for Web sites – particularly those that host third-party or user-generated content – to make a “safe” mode available, where content that might be objectionable is hidden. For example, a parent who wants to steer their child away from the rougher corners of the Internet might MNOT’S BLOG: HOW MULTIPLEXING CHANGES YOUR HTTP APIS HTTP/2 is fundamentally different to HTTP/1 in several ways, but multiplexing – the ability to have multiple requests and responses in flight on one connection – is the biggest. Multiplexing associates each request/response exchange with a stream ID, and uses that to make sure that the chunks of each aren’t mixed up whenthey’re
MNOT’S BLOG: HOW TO THINK ABOUT HTTP STATUS CODESSEE MORE ONMNOT.NET
RSS TUTORIAL
RSS Tutorial. This tutorial explains the features and benefits of a Web format called RSS, and gives a brief technical overview of it. It also includes information on a similar format called Atom. The reader is assumed to have some familiarity with XML and other Web technologies. It is not meant to be exhaustive; for more information,see the
MNOT’S BLOG: THE STATE OF BROWSER CACHING, REVISITEDSEE MORE ONMNOT.NET
MNOT’S BLOG: HOW TO READ AN RFCSEE MORE ON MNOT.NET MNOT’S BLOG: LINKING IN JSON Friday, 25 November 2011. Web. Linking in JSON. To be a full-fledged format on the Web, you need to support links – something sorely missing in JSON, which many have noticed lately. MNOT’S BLOG: HTTP/2 IMPLEMENTATION STATUS Monday, 15 June 2015. HTTP. HTTP/2 Implementation Status. RFC7540 has been out for about a month, so it seems like a good time for a snapshot of where HTTP/2 implementation is at.. Browsers and HTTP/2. Apple was the last “major” browser vendor whose plans about HTTP/2 support were unclear, and last week they announced them for the upcoming iOS9 and OS X 10.11 at WWDC. MNOT’S BLOG: HOW (NOT) TO CONTROL YOUR CDN Wednesday, 7 June 2017. Caching HTTP. How (Not) to Control Your CDN. In February, Omer Gil described the Web Cache Deception Attack.. In a nutshell, it goes like this: when your CDN (or reverse proxy) applies caching policy to responses based upon the URL, there’s an opportunity to get something unintentionally cached – and thereby made public – if the server’s understanding of the MNOT’S BLOG: WHAT LIMITS LEGAL ACCESS TO CLOUD DATA IN Monday, 29 June 2020. Law Internet Australia. What limits legal access to cloud data in Australia? The Telecommunications and Other Legislation Amendment (Assistance and Access) Act 2018 1 has proven controversial both before and after passage, 2 with considerable debate about its industry assistance framework and its potential for systemically weakening encryption on the Internet -STANDARDS - MNOT
On RFC8674, the safe preference for HTTP. It’s become common for Web sites – particularly those that host third-party or user-generated content – to make a “safe” mode available, where content that might be objectionable is hidden. For example, a parent who wants to steer their child away from the rougher corners of the Internet might MNOT’S BLOG: WHAT IS THE WEB? However, defining the Web — and especially, what it means to be “on the Web” — precisely turns out to be contentious. For the longest time, the most accepted definition of the Web has been anything that has a URL. This is the “web as information system” view. It’s long been observed that of the three pillars of the Web MNOT’S BLOG: DESIGNING HEADERS FOR HTTP COMPRESSION where foo is a number between 1 and 20, bar and bat are booleans, and baz is a number between 1 and 10, that means that there are 20 x 2 x 10 * 2 = 800 (!) possible permutations of this header value.. Let’s say that the field name and value have an average of 44 characters; remembering the 32 byte overhead (this is why it was important), that’s 76 x 800 = 60,800 bytes of space in the MNOT’S BLOG: IDEAL HTTP PERFORMANCE The Web’s use of HTTP/1 is “chatty”, because the client needs to go back to the server multiple times to discover new things that it finds; first in the HTML, and then later in the CSS and JavaScript. Each one of these exchanges adds a new round trip (or more) of latency to the page load, violating our “least number of round trips”ideal.
MNOT’S BLOG: TWO HTTP CACHING EXTENSIONS Wednesday, 12 December 2007. Caching HTTP Protocol Design Standards Web Web Services. Two HTTP Caching Extensions. We use caching extensively inside Yahoo! to improve scalability, latency and availability for back-end HTTP services, as I’ve discussed before.. However, there are a few situations where the plain vanilla HTTP caching model doesn’t quite do the trick. MNOT’S BLOG: STRENGTHENING HTTP: A PERSONAL VIEW Saturday, 4 January 2014. HTTP Protocol Design Standards. Strengthening HTTP: A Personal View. Recently, one of the hottest topics in the Internet protocol community has been whether the newest version of the Web’s protocol, HTTP/2, will require, encourage or indeed say anything about the use of encryption in response to the pervasive monitoring attacks revealed to the world by Edward MNOT’S BLOG: IF YOU CAN READ THIS, YOU'RE SNIING Friday, 9 May 2014. HTTP Web. If You Can Read This, You're SNIing. When TLS was defined, it didn’t allow more than one hostname to be available on a single IP address / port pair, leading to “virtual hosting” issues; each Web site (for example) now requires a dedicated IP address. MNOT’S BLOG: RFC2616 IS DEAD RFC2616 is Dead. Don’t use RFC2616. Delete it from your hard drives, bookmarks, and burn (or responsibly recycle) any copies that are printed out. Since 1999, it has served as the definition of HTTP/1.1, the protocol that underpins the Web. It’s 176 pages of everything from the definitions of GET, POST and DELETE to how TCP connections MNOTABOUTCACHING TUTORIALMNOT'S BLOGWHAT TO EXPECT FROM HTTP/2TALKSI'VE GIVENMELBOURNE
recent thoughts on my blog. No news is a sign of a stagnating Internet — Today, Facebook shut off the news in Australia – all of it, and much more besides. For example, when I tried to post a link to this blog entry on Facebook, they responded:ABOUT:MNOT
Mark Nottingham has helped to define and develop the Web and the Internet since the late 90’s. He has written, edited or substantially contributed to more than thirty IETF RFCs and W3C Recommendations about topics like HTTP, caching, linking, Web architecture, privacy and security.STANDARDS - MNOT
Friday, 28 August 2020. RFC8890: The Internet is for End Users The Internet Architecture Board (IAB) has published RFC8890, The Internet is for End Users, arguing that the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) should ground its decisions in what’s good for people who use the Internet, and that it should take positive steps to achieve that. RÉSUMÉ - MNOTSEE MORE ON MNOT.NETRSS TUTORIAL
These links should be placed on the Web page that is most similar to the feed content; this enables people to find them as they browse. Note that Atom feeds should use application/atom+xml rather than application/rss+xml in both styles of use.. Finally, there are a number of guides and registries for RSS feeds that people can search and browse through, much like the Yahoo directory for Web MNOT’S BLOG: HOW MULTIPLEXING CHANGES YOUR HTTP APIS Sunday, 13 October 2019. HTTP. How Multiplexing Changes Your HTTP APIs. When I first learned about SPDY, I was excited about it for a number of reasons, but near the top of the list was its potential impact on APIs that use HTTP. MNOT’S BLOG: HOW TO READ AN RFCSEE MORE ON MNOT.NET CACHING TUTORIAL FOR WEB AUTHORS AND WEBMASTERSALLOW WEBSITE CACHES AND DATABASESCACHE WEB PAGESCACHE WEBWEB CACHE SERVER for Web Authors and Webmasters. This is an informational document. Although technical in nature, it attempts to make the concepts involved understandable and applicable in real-world situations. HTTP/2 FOR FRONT-END DEVELOPERS DNS Load Balancing. HTTP/1 DNS load balancing leverages short connections. GOAWAY allows you to tear the the conn gracefully, so you get a new DNS lookup.; Soon, ALTSVC will give a better way to balance traffic. Sort-of DNS CNAME inside HTTP "Start a connection to that host:port, and when it's authenticated and ready, treat it as thisorigin."
JAVASCRIPT XMLHTTPREQUEST TESTS These tests are no longer hosted here. You can find their source on github.The longer-term plan is to move these sorts of tests into theWeb Platform Tests.
MNOTABOUTCACHING TUTORIALMNOT'S BLOGWHAT TO EXPECT FROM HTTP/2TALKSI'VE GIVENMELBOURNE
recent thoughts on my blog. No news is a sign of a stagnating Internet — Today, Facebook shut off the news in Australia – all of it, and much more besides. For example, when I tried to post a link to this blog entry on Facebook, they responded:ABOUT:MNOT
Mark Nottingham has helped to define and develop the Web and the Internet since the late 90’s. He has written, edited or substantially contributed to more than thirty IETF RFCs and W3C Recommendations about topics like HTTP, caching, linking, Web architecture, privacy and security.STANDARDS - MNOT
Friday, 28 August 2020. RFC8890: The Internet is for End Users The Internet Architecture Board (IAB) has published RFC8890, The Internet is for End Users, arguing that the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) should ground its decisions in what’s good for people who use the Internet, and that it should take positive steps to achieve that. RÉSUMÉ - MNOTSEE MORE ON MNOT.NETRSS TUTORIAL
These links should be placed on the Web page that is most similar to the feed content; this enables people to find them as they browse. Note that Atom feeds should use application/atom+xml rather than application/rss+xml in both styles of use.. Finally, there are a number of guides and registries for RSS feeds that people can search and browse through, much like the Yahoo directory for Web MNOT’S BLOG: HOW MULTIPLEXING CHANGES YOUR HTTP APIS Sunday, 13 October 2019. HTTP. How Multiplexing Changes Your HTTP APIs. When I first learned about SPDY, I was excited about it for a number of reasons, but near the top of the list was its potential impact on APIs that use HTTP. MNOT’S BLOG: HOW TO READ AN RFCSEE MORE ON MNOT.NET CACHING TUTORIAL FOR WEB AUTHORS AND WEBMASTERSALLOW WEBSITE CACHES AND DATABASESCACHE WEB PAGESCACHE WEBWEB CACHE SERVER for Web Authors and Webmasters. This is an informational document. Although technical in nature, it attempts to make the concepts involved understandable and applicable in real-world situations. HTTP/2 FOR FRONT-END DEVELOPERS DNS Load Balancing. HTTP/1 DNS load balancing leverages short connections. GOAWAY allows you to tear the the conn gracefully, so you get a new DNS lookup.; Soon, ALTSVC will give a better way to balance traffic. Sort-of DNS CNAME inside HTTP "Start a connection to that host:port, and when it's authenticated and ready, treat it as thisorigin."
JAVASCRIPT XMLHTTPREQUEST TESTS These tests are no longer hosted here. You can find their source on github.The longer-term plan is to move these sorts of tests into theWeb Platform Tests.
STANDARDS - MNOT
Friday, 28 August 2020. RFC8890: The Internet is for End Users The Internet Architecture Board (IAB) has published RFC8890, The Internet is for End Users, arguing that the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) should ground its decisions in what’s good for people who use the Internet, and that it should take positive steps to achieve that.MNOT’S BLOG
Tuesday, 11 June 2019. Moving Control to the Endpoints The introduction of encrypted DNS is a natural step in the process of securing the Internet, but it has brought a considerable amount of controversy, because it removes a means of control for network operators -- including not only enterprises but also schools andparents.
URL TEMPLATING
URL Templating enables you to dynamically rewrite URLs in your HTML content, using an easy-to-understand templating langauge.. This allows you to have a static (i.e., cacheable) Web page that has dynamic context- and user-sensitive URLs in it. The Basics. To start using URL Templating, first download a copy of the library and mkae it availableon your site;
MNOT’S BLOG: WHAT LIMITS LEGAL ACCESS TO CLOUD DATA IN Monday, 29 June 2020. Law Internet Australia. What limits legal access to cloud data in Australia? The Telecommunications and Other Legislation Amendment (Assistance and Access) Act 2018 1 has proven controversial both before and after passage, 2 with considerable debate about its industry assistance framework and its potential for systemically weakening encryption on the Internet - MNOT’S BLOG: NO NEWS IS... A SIGN OF A STAGNATING INTERNET Thursday, 18 February 2021. Standards Web Australia. No news is a sign of a stagnating Internet. Today, Facebook shut off the news in Australia – all of it, and much more besides. MNOT’S BLOG: HOW (NOT) TO CONTROL YOUR CDN Wednesday, 7 June 2017. Caching HTTP. How (Not) to Control Your CDN. In February, Omer Gil described the Web Cache Deception Attack.. In a nutshell, it goes like this: when your CDN (or reverse proxy) applies caching policy to responses based upon the URL, there’s an opportunity to get something unintentionally cached – and thereby made public – if the server’s understanding of the MNOT’S BLOG: DESIGNING HEADERS FOR HTTP COMPRESSION where foo is a number between 1 and 20, bar and bat are booleans, and baz is a number between 1 and 10, that means that there are 20 x 2 x 10 * 2 = 800 (!) possible permutations of this header value.. Let’s say that the field name and value have an average of 44 characters; remembering the 32 byte overhead (this is why it was important), that’s 76 x 800 = 60,800 bytes of space in the MNOT’S BLOG: THE STATE OF BROWSER CACHING, REVISITED Thursday, 16 March 2017. HTTP Caching. The State of Browser Caching, Revisited. A long, long time ago, I wrote some tests using XmlHttpRequest to figure out how well browser caches behaved, and wrote up the results.. Fast forward more than a decade, and much has changed; there are lots of new browser engines, and browser testing has taken off at Web Platform Tests.BITS ON THE WIRE
RFC4034 RFC4035. Before sonic.net.berkeley.edu. 10801 IN A 128.32.155.9 After sonic.net.berkeley.edu. 10801 IN A 128.32.155.9 sonic.net.berkeley.edu. 10801 IN RRSIG A JAVASCRIPT XMLHTTPREQUEST TESTS These tests are no longer hosted here. You can find their source on github.The longer-term plan is to move these sorts of tests into theWeb Platform Tests.
MARK NOTTINGHAM
Welcome to my site, where I keep some of the things that I write, code, photograph and otherwise create. You can find out more about me , or jump directly to myrésumé .
CURRENT PROJECTS
* Chairing the IETF HTTP WG * Editing a revision of the HTTP core specifications * Member of the Internet Architecture Board * Studying Communications Lawat MLS
* REDbot.org — lint for HTTP resources * cache-tests.fyi — for browsers,proxies and CDNs
* rfc.fyi — RFC searching and tagging * Helping to arrange the HTTP Workshop * Cocktail Standards - BCP for drinking, worldwide. See also my projects at Github and randomcode snippets .
WRITING AND PRESENTATIONS * What to Expect from HTTP/2 presented at Boeing, AirBnB, BBC, NYC/London Web Performance, etc. * Stupid Web Caching Trickspresented at
Velocity
* What’s up with HTTP?presented at Bell
Labs, Google, Yahoo! * Caching Tutorial for Web authors and Webmasters * RSS Tutorial for content publishers andWebmasters
* An Opinionated Guide to Melbourne See also my specs in progress and talksI’ve given .
PHOTOGRAPHS
See my photoblog on Instagram . RECENT THOUGHTS ON MY BLOG * RFC8890: The Internet is for End Users — The Internet Architecture Board (IAB) has published RFC8890, The Internet is for End Users, arguing that the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) should ground its decisions in what’s good for people who use the Internet, and that it should take positive steps to achieve that. * What limits legal access to cloud data in Australia? — The Telecommunications and Other Legislation Amendment (Assistance and Access) Act 20181 has proven controversial both before and after passage,2 with considerable debate about its industry assistance framework and its potential for systemically weakening encryption on the Internet - a framing emphasised by the explanatory memorandum which introduced the legislation as ‘measures to better deal with the challenges posed by ubiquitous encryption.’3 Telecommunications and Other Legislation Amendment (Assistance and Access) Act 2018 (Cth). ↩ See, eg, Stilgherrian, ‘What’s actually in Australia’s encryption laws? Everything you need to know’ ZDNet (online, 10 December 2018) https://www.zdnet.com/article/whats-actually-in-australias-encryption-laws-everything-you-need-to-know/. ↩ Explanatory Memorandum, Telecommunications and Other Legislation Amendment (Assistance and Access) Act 2018 (Cth), 2 . ↩ * On RFC8674, the safe preference for HTTP — It’s become common for Web sites – particularly those that host third-party or user-generated content – to make a “safe” mode available, where content that might be objectionable is hidden. For example, a parent who wants to steer their child away from the rougher corners of the Internet might go to their search engine and put it in “safe” mode. * How Multiplexing Changes Your HTTP APIs — When I first learned about SPDY, I was excited about it for a number of reasons, but near the top of the list was its potential impact on APIs that use HTTP. * Moving Control to the Endpoints — The introduction of encrypted DNS is a natural step in the process of securing the Internet, but it has brought a considerable amount of controversy, because it removes a means of control for network operators -- including not only enterprises but also schools and parents. The solution is to move control of these services to the endpoints of communication -- for example, the users’ computers -- but doing so has its ownchallenges.
* Eight #aabill Predictions — As I write this, the Australian Senate is in the final stages of passing the Assistance and Access Bill 2018 (with some but not allamendments).
* Australian Assistance and Access Bill 2018: Amendments — In a great hurry, Australia’s house of representatives today passed the controversial Assistance and Access Bill 2018. However, there were some last-minute amendments slipped in. Currently, it’s being debated in the Senate. * Designing Headers for HTTP Compression — One of the concerns that often comes up when someone creates a new HTTP header is how much “bloat” it will add on the network. This is especially relevant in requests, when a little bit of extra data can introduce a lot of latency when repeated on every request.Details
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