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MEO ORAL EXAM QUESTIONS ON MARINE BOILERS Hydraulic pressure test is 1.25 times working pressure, ( 10 minutes maintain ) Close all openings. Open air vent cock. Fill up boiler water fully. Close the air vent cock. Place hydraulic jack to feed water line. Fit standard pressure gauge. Applied hydraulic pressure 1.25 times of working pressure and maintain 10minutes. IN WATER SURVEY (IWS) FOR SHIPS In Water Survey (IWS) The CLASS will accept an In water Survey in lieu of the intermediate docking between Special Surveys required in a five year period on ships where an *IWS notation is assigned. The In water Survey is to provide the information normally obtained from the Docking Survey. Special consideration shall be given to ascertaining MEAN INDICATED PRESSURE ARCHIVES The cylinder constant, k2. The indicated engine power, Pi. The effective engine power, Pe. The mean indicated pressure, pi. pi = A / (L × Cs) bar. where: A (mm2) = area of the indicator diagram, as found by planimeter. Place the planimeter and indicator card on a piece of plane cardboard (not too smooth), and trace the diagram. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PID CONTROLLERS Basic Principles of PID Controllers. Automatic controllers are used onboard ships for the adjustment of one or more parameters in a system. Function of the controller is to maintain the parameter as per desired value (value set by the operator). The parameter could be jacket water temperature (for engine jacket water cooling system UNDER WATER WORK PERMIT Under Water Work Permit. We, the undersigned, are satisfied that the checklist on pages 2 and 3 has been completed correctly and that it is safe for the work to commence. * Valid only for time of work, not to exceed 8 hours. + Delete as appropriate. assisted work plan/procedure is safe. ready for use.FAIL SET ARCHIVES
On the other hand a fuel oil control valve for boiler closes completely on such a failure. This ensures safety of the plant. In some other systems, control air supply failure locks the position of valve at that time of failure. This is called fail set. The advantage of this system is that the plant gets stable and have time for normalshutdown
INTRINSICALLY SAFE CIRCUIT ARCHIVES MEO Orals on Marine Electro Technology Function 5- Part 2. What is essential load ? Essential services are those required for the safety of personal and for the safe navigation and propulsion of the ship. They include certain supplies to navigation aids, machinery spaces, control stations and steering gear. What is non-essential load ? LIGHT SCATTERING SMOKE DETECTORS The working principle of light scattering smoke detectors is as follows. When the sizes of small particles are greater than the wave length of the incident radiation, the light is scattered in different directions. Known as the ‘Tyndall Effect’, named after its discoverer, this is used for smoke in several different arrangements,however
WHAT IS OGEE RING FITTED ON BOILER IN SHIPS Ogee Ring. Connecting the bottom of the furnace to the boiler shell plating is a seamless Ogee ring. This ring is pressed out of thicker plating than the furnace; the greater thickness is necessary since circulation in its vicinity is not as good as elsewhere in the boiler and deposits can accumulate between it and the boiler shell plating. TURBOCHARGER VIBRATIONS Turbocharger Vibrations – Marine Engineering. When operating at steady speed, turbocharger vibrations could occur when: Rotor imbalance due to rotor damage from an object displaced from the cylinder, such as a broken piston ring or exhaust valve. Surging of the turbocharger, when the unit is operated close to the surge linepossibly due to a
MEO ORAL EXAM QUESTIONS ON MARINE BOILERS Hydraulic pressure test is 1.25 times working pressure, ( 10 minutes maintain ) Close all openings. Open air vent cock. Fill up boiler water fully. Close the air vent cock. Place hydraulic jack to feed water line. Fit standard pressure gauge. Applied hydraulic pressure 1.25 times of working pressure and maintain 10minutes. IN WATER SURVEY (IWS) FOR SHIPS In Water Survey (IWS) The CLASS will accept an In water Survey in lieu of the intermediate docking between Special Surveys required in a five year period on ships where an *IWS notation is assigned. The In water Survey is to provide the information normally obtained from the Docking Survey. Special consideration shall be given to ascertaining MEAN INDICATED PRESSURE ARCHIVES The cylinder constant, k2. The indicated engine power, Pi. The effective engine power, Pe. The mean indicated pressure, pi. pi = A / (L × Cs) bar. where: A (mm2) = area of the indicator diagram, as found by planimeter. Place the planimeter and indicator card on a piece of plane cardboard (not too smooth), and trace the diagram. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PID CONTROLLERS Basic Principles of PID Controllers. Automatic controllers are used onboard ships for the adjustment of one or more parameters in a system. Function of the controller is to maintain the parameter as per desired value (value set by the operator). The parameter could be jacket water temperature (for engine jacket water cooling system UNDER WATER WORK PERMIT Under Water Work Permit. We, the undersigned, are satisfied that the checklist on pages 2 and 3 has been completed correctly and that it is safe for the work to commence. * Valid only for time of work, not to exceed 8 hours. + Delete as appropriate. assisted work plan/procedure is safe. ready for use.FAIL SET ARCHIVES
On the other hand a fuel oil control valve for boiler closes completely on such a failure. This ensures safety of the plant. In some other systems, control air supply failure locks the position of valve at that time of failure. This is called fail set. The advantage of this system is that the plant gets stable and have time for normalshutdown
INTRINSICALLY SAFE CIRCUIT ARCHIVES MEO Orals on Marine Electro Technology Function 5- Part 2. What is essential load ? Essential services are those required for the safety of personal and for the safe navigation and propulsion of the ship. They include certain supplies to navigation aids, machinery spaces, control stations and steering gear. What is non-essential load ? LIGHT SCATTERING SMOKE DETECTORS The working principle of light scattering smoke detectors is as follows. When the sizes of small particles are greater than the wave length of the incident radiation, the light is scattered in different directions. Known as the ‘Tyndall Effect’, named after its discoverer, this is used for smoke in several different arrangements,however
WHAT IS OGEE RING FITTED ON BOILER IN SHIPS Ogee Ring. Connecting the bottom of the furnace to the boiler shell plating is a seamless Ogee ring. This ring is pressed out of thicker plating than the furnace; the greater thickness is necessary since circulation in its vicinity is not as good as elsewhere in the boiler and deposits can accumulate between it and the boiler shell plating. MARINE ENGINEERING STUDY MATERIALS Information for Marine Engineers. Fuel pump lead is the distance travelled by the plunger from the point at which rise of the fuel cam starts (or the follower start lifting) till the piston of the unit in question reaches top dead centre or TDC (ignition DC). BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PID CONTROLLERS Basic Principles of PID Controllers. Automatic controllers are used onboard ships for the adjustment of one or more parameters in a system. Function of the controller is to maintain the parameter as per desired value (value set by the operator). The parameter could be jacket water temperature (for engine jacket water cooling system DUAL FUEL MARINE ENGINES USED ON-BOARD SHIPS Dual Fuel Marine Engines used on-board Ships. Dual fuel engines can be operated on natural gas as well as fuel oil. Change over from one fuel to the other can be achieved without any interruption in the power output of the engine. This article explains some important features of dual fuel engine used in gas carriers. IRREGULARITIES IN INDICATOR DIAGRAM Irregularities in Indicator Diagram. Irregularities in the shape of indicator diagrams are indications of faulty engine operations. If irregularity seems for all units, problem may be common like faults in fuel oil system, intake air, turbocharger, air cooler, exhaust, etc. When the irregularity is confined to a single unit, problem could beof
ON-BOARD FAMILIARIZATION FORM 10. All Officers and Crew: Workplace Familiarization. (You must be familiar YES NO. with your workplace before taking full responsibility for the same). 11. Have you been instructed about safe operation of the ship’s watertight. CONDITION OF ASSIGNMENT Following are the conditions which must be met before assigning the load line. Enough structural strength should be possessed. Enough reserve buoyancy should be possessed. Safety and protection of crew. Prevent entry of water through hull. Ships to be surveyed annually to ensure that they fulfill the condition of assignment. LIGHT SCATTERING SMOKE DETECTORS In the arrangement shown above, the smoke detectors are placed in line with the pulsed infrared light source. In the absence of smoke, the masking disk casts a shadow over the circular region of diameter ‘AB’ and prevents light from emitting diode from falling onto the detecting photocell. BOILER START UP PROCEDURE FROM COOL CONDITION ARCHIVES The boiler is carried out firing from cold condition to normal working pressure condition very slowly to avoid thermal stress. Check the boiler blow down valve in close position. Shut the main steam stop v/v. Open the air vent cocks. Open the feed check valve and pumping up to ¼ of gauge glass level. UNLOADING OF REFRIGERATION COMPRESSOR ARCHIVES The refrigeration compressors are delivered in a standard execution with built-in heating coils or rod in the crankcase. The purpose of the heating coil or rod is to keep the oil in the crankcase warm even during standstill of the compressor. This ensures a low content of refrigerant in the oil. Too much refrigerant in the oil makes it loose MARINE ENGINEERING STUDY MATERIALS alt-f11 says it's groovie! sr. no. 4. e. xamination of marine engineer officer. naval architechture. class i MARINE ENGINEERING STUDY MATERIALS Information for Marine Engineers. Fuel pump lead is the distance travelled by the plunger from the point at which rise of the fuel cam starts (or the follower start lifting) till the piston of the unit in question reaches top dead centre or TDC (ignition DC). IRREGULARITIES IN INDICATOR DIAGRAM Irregularities in Indicator Diagram. Irregularities in the shape of indicator diagrams are indications of faulty engine operations. If irregularity seems for all units, problem may be common like faults in fuel oil system, intake air, turbocharger, air cooler, exhaust, etc. When the irregularity is confined to a single unit, problem could beof
EDUCTOR - PRINCIPLE, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE ON SHIPSSEE MORE ON MARINEENGINEERINGONLINE.COM MEAN INDICATED PRESSURE ARCHIVES The cylinder constant, k2. The indicated engine power, Pi. The effective engine power, Pe. The mean indicated pressure, pi. pi = A / (L × Cs) bar. where: A (mm2) = area of the indicator diagram, as found by planimeter. Place the planimeter and indicator card on a piece of plane cardboard (not too smooth), and trace the diagram. ON-BOARD FAMILIARIZATION FORM 10. All Officers and Crew: Workplace Familiarization. (You must be familiar YES NO. with your workplace before taking full responsibility for the same). 11. Have you been instructed about safe operation of the ship’s watertight. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PID CONTROLLERS Basic Principles of PID Controllers. Automatic controllers are used onboard ships for the adjustment of one or more parameters in a system. Function of the controller is to maintain the parameter as per desired value (value set by the operator). The parameter could be jacket water temperature (for engine jacket water cooling system MEO ORAL EXAM QUESTIONS ON MARINE BOILERS Check and adjust the belt tension between motor and rotating shaft. Clear the pilot burner nozzle and fitter. Clean carbon deposit on electrodes ( igniter ) and adjust the gap. Check the fuel valve and air register linkages and joints. Check and clean the flame eye cover glass. Check and clean inspection peep hole glass cover. BOILER START UP PROCEDURE FROM COOL CONDITION ARCHIVES The boiler is carried out firing from cold condition to normal working pressure condition very slowly to avoid thermal stress. Check the boiler blow down valve in close position. Shut the main steam stop v/v. Open the air vent cocks. Open the feed check valve and pumping up to ¼ of gauge glass level. HOW ZINC BLOCKS PROTECT SHIP HULL FROM CORROSION ARCHIVES The prevention of corrosion on ships deals with the provision of protective coating for the ship structure steel and its continued maintenance. Also a means of preventing electrochemical wastage is required, which is known as Cathodic protection. There are two types of cathodic protection method, Sacrificial anode system and Impressedcurrent system.
WHAT IS MEANT BY THE TERM CRITICAL SPEED AND WHY IT CAN BE Posted in: General Engineering Knowledge, MEO Examination Study Materials, Motor Engineering Knowledge | Tagged: cloverleafing, composition of a cylinder oil, Describe how a fatigue crack may be initiated, Describe the events leading to a crankcase explosion on a main engine, engine fails to reverse, engine fails to run on fuel, engine fails to stop, engine fails to turn on air, Explain how a MARINE ENGINEERING STUDY MATERIALS Information for Marine Engineers. Fuel pump lead is the distance travelled by the plunger from the point at which rise of the fuel cam starts (or the follower start lifting) till the piston of the unit in question reaches top dead centre or TDC (ignition DC). IRREGULARITIES IN INDICATOR DIAGRAM Irregularities in Indicator Diagram. Irregularities in the shape of indicator diagrams are indications of faulty engine operations. If irregularity seems for all units, problem may be common like faults in fuel oil system, intake air, turbocharger, air cooler, exhaust, etc. When the irregularity is confined to a single unit, problem could beof
EDUCTOR - PRINCIPLE, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE ON SHIPSSEE MORE ON MARINEENGINEERINGONLINE.COM MEAN INDICATED PRESSURE ARCHIVES The cylinder constant, k2. The indicated engine power, Pi. The effective engine power, Pe. The mean indicated pressure, pi. pi = A / (L × Cs) bar. where: A (mm2) = area of the indicator diagram, as found by planimeter. Place the planimeter and indicator card on a piece of plane cardboard (not too smooth), and trace the diagram. ON-BOARD FAMILIARIZATION FORM 10. All Officers and Crew: Workplace Familiarization. (You must be familiar YES NO. with your workplace before taking full responsibility for the same). 11. Have you been instructed about safe operation of the ship’s watertight. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PID CONTROLLERS Basic Principles of PID Controllers. Automatic controllers are used onboard ships for the adjustment of one or more parameters in a system. Function of the controller is to maintain the parameter as per desired value (value set by the operator). The parameter could be jacket water temperature (for engine jacket water cooling system MEO ORAL EXAM QUESTIONS ON MARINE BOILERS Check and adjust the belt tension between motor and rotating shaft. Clear the pilot burner nozzle and fitter. Clean carbon deposit on electrodes ( igniter ) and adjust the gap. Check the fuel valve and air register linkages and joints. Check and clean the flame eye cover glass. Check and clean inspection peep hole glass cover. BOILER START UP PROCEDURE FROM COOL CONDITION ARCHIVES The boiler is carried out firing from cold condition to normal working pressure condition very slowly to avoid thermal stress. Check the boiler blow down valve in close position. Shut the main steam stop v/v. Open the air vent cocks. Open the feed check valve and pumping up to ¼ of gauge glass level. HOW ZINC BLOCKS PROTECT SHIP HULL FROM CORROSION ARCHIVES The prevention of corrosion on ships deals with the provision of protective coating for the ship structure steel and its continued maintenance. Also a means of preventing electrochemical wastage is required, which is known as Cathodic protection. There are two types of cathodic protection method, Sacrificial anode system and Impressedcurrent system.
WHAT IS MEANT BY THE TERM CRITICAL SPEED AND WHY IT CAN BE Posted in: General Engineering Knowledge, MEO Examination Study Materials, Motor Engineering Knowledge | Tagged: cloverleafing, composition of a cylinder oil, Describe how a fatigue crack may be initiated, Describe the events leading to a crankcase explosion on a main engine, engine fails to reverse, engine fails to run on fuel, engine fails to stop, engine fails to turn on air, Explain how a EDUCTOR - PRINCIPLE, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE ON SHIPS Working Principle of Eductor on Ships. Eductor works on Bernoulli’s principle. It states that an increase in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a reduction in pressure. Refer to the simplified Bernoulli’s equation below for an in compressible flow. Where, v = Velocity of the fluid. p = Pressure of the fluid, and. IN WATER SURVEY (IWS) FOR SHIPS In Water Survey (IWS) The CLASS will accept an In water Survey in lieu of the intermediate docking between Special Surveys required in a five year period on ships where an *IWS notation is assigned.. The In water Survey is to provide the information normally obtained from theDocking Survey.
DUAL FUEL MARINE ENGINES USED ON-BOARD SHIPS Dual Fuel Marine Engines used on-board Ships. Dual fuel engines can be operated on natural gas as well as fuel oil. Change over from one fuel to the other can be achieved without any interruption in the power output of the engine. This article explains some important features of dual fuel engine used in gas carriers. TYPES OF STRESS ON SHIPS The forces acting on a ship may be static or dynamic. The static forces are due to the difference in the weight and buoyancy, which occur through out the ship. The dynamic forces are cause by the motion of the ship at sea and the action of the wind and wave. These forces create: Longitudinal stress. Transverse stress. CATEGORIES OF NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES Noxious liquid substances shall be divided into four categories as follows: Category X. Noxious liquid substances (NLS) which, if discharged into the sea from tank cleaning or deballasting operations are deemed to present a major hazard to either marine resources or human health and therefore, justify the prohibition of the discharge into the marine environment. CAUSES, EFFECTS, PREVENTION AND ACTIONS OF SCAVENGE FIRE Causes of Scavenge Fire. Blow past of combustion products caused by leaky, sticky or broken piston rings, worn out liner, faulty cylinder lubrication, or insufficient axial clearance of the piston rings. Overheated piston dissipates heat to the under piston area caused by faulty atomization and injection pressure, faulty fuel pump timing,loss
CONDITION OF ASSIGNMENT Following are the conditions which must be met before assigning the load line. Enough structural strength should be possessed. Enough reserve buoyancy should be possessed. Safety and protection of crew. Prevent entry of water through hull. Ships to be surveyed annually to ensure that they fulfill the condition of assignment. LIGHT SCATTERING SMOKE DETECTORS In the arrangement shown above, the smoke detectors are placed in line with the pulsed infrared light source. In the absence of smoke, the masking disk casts a shadow over the circular region of diameter ‘AB’ and prevents light from emitting diode from falling onto the detecting photocell. STABILITY OF SHIPS DURING DRY DOCKING Stability of Ships During Dry docking. When a vessel enters dry-dock, it has a trim and hence the keel makes an angle with the dock bottom/keel blocks. The dock bottom may be slightly sloped to help draining of the water when the dock is emptied. However the keel block top may be horizontal. VARIABLE INJECTION TIMING OR VIT IN FUEL PUMPS Variable injection timing or VIT is the term used to define a fuel injection pump which alters the timing of the start of fuel injection. With jerk type injection pump this can be done by following methods: By altering the position of the barrel with respect TURBOCHARGER VIBRATIONS Related Posts. October 28, 2015 Water Detection in Mitsubishi Purifiers on Ships; September 25, 2014 MEO Class 2 Part ‘A’ Exemption and Part ‘B’ Written and Orals Examination Checklist – Sea Service Assessment; July 13, 2014 Maintenance of Chain Drive – Marine Diesel Engines; November 27, 2015 Difference in Local and Remote Reading of Parameters on Ships IRREGULARITIES IN INDICATOR DIAGRAM Irregularities in the shape of indicator diagrams are indications of faulty engine operations. If irregularity seems for all units, problem may be common like faults in fuel oil system, intake air, turbocharger, air cooler, exhaust, etc. MEAN INDICATED PRESSURE ARCHIVES Calculation of the indicated, effective and finally shaft power of marine engines in practical case consists of the following steps:Calculate:
IN WATER SURVEY (IWS) FOR SHIPS In Water Survey (IWS) The CLASS will accept an In water Survey in lieu of the intermediate docking between Special Surveys required in a five year period on ships where an *IWS notation is assigned.. The In water Survey is to provide the information normally obtained from theDocking Survey.
EXHAUST GAS ECONOMIZER ARCHIVES All boilers, economizers, steam receivers, steam heated steam generators, thermal oil and hot water units intended for essential services, together with boilers used exclusively for non-essential services having a working pressure exceeding 0.35 MPa and a heating surface exceeding 4.5 m 2 are to be surveyed internally. There is to be a minimum of two internal examinations during each 5 SpecialFAIL SET ARCHIVES
What are the advantages and disadvantages of both electrical and pneumatic control systems on ships ? Electrical Control System.Advantages. No air
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PID CONTROLLERS Automatic controllers are used onboard ships for the adjustment of one or more parameters in a system. Function of the controller is to maintain the parameter as per desired value (value set by theoperator).
UNDER WATER WORK PERMIT M.V./S.S.: POSITION /PORT Page 1 of 3 VALID FOR FROM hrs DATE: PERIOD * TO hrs DATE: Specific Location and Description of work: Special Conditions: Personnel assigned to the work: We, the undersigned, are satisfied that the checklist on pages 2 and 3 has Read More → INTRINSICALLY SAFE CIRCUIT ARCHIVES MEO Orals on Marine Electro Technology Function 5- Part 2. What is essential load ? Essential services are those required for the safety of personal and for the safe navigation and propulsion of the ship. They include certain supplies to navigation aids, machinery spaces, control stations and steering gear. What is non-essential load ? LIGHT SCATTERING SMOKE DETECTORS In the arrangement shown above, the smoke detectors are placed in line with the pulsed infrared light source. In the absence of smoke, the masking disk casts a shadow over the circular region of diameter ‘AB’ and prevents light from emitting diode from falling onto the detecting photocell. TURBOCHARGER VIBRATIONS Related Posts. October 28, 2015 Water Detection in Mitsubishi Purifiers on Ships; September 25, 2014 MEO Class 2 Part ‘A’ Exemption and Part ‘B’ Written and Orals Examination Checklist – Sea Service Assessment; July 13, 2014 Maintenance of Chain Drive – Marine Diesel Engines; November 27, 2015 Difference in Local and Remote Reading of Parameters on Ships IRREGULARITIES IN INDICATOR DIAGRAM Irregularities in the shape of indicator diagrams are indications of faulty engine operations. If irregularity seems for all units, problem may be common like faults in fuel oil system, intake air, turbocharger, air cooler, exhaust, etc. MEAN INDICATED PRESSURE ARCHIVES Calculation of the indicated, effective and finally shaft power of marine engines in practical case consists of the following steps:Calculate:
IN WATER SURVEY (IWS) FOR SHIPS In Water Survey (IWS) The CLASS will accept an In water Survey in lieu of the intermediate docking between Special Surveys required in a five year period on ships where an *IWS notation is assigned.. The In water Survey is to provide the information normally obtained from theDocking Survey.
EXHAUST GAS ECONOMIZER ARCHIVES All boilers, economizers, steam receivers, steam heated steam generators, thermal oil and hot water units intended for essential services, together with boilers used exclusively for non-essential services having a working pressure exceeding 0.35 MPa and a heating surface exceeding 4.5 m 2 are to be surveyed internally. There is to be a minimum of two internal examinations during each 5 SpecialFAIL SET ARCHIVES
What are the advantages and disadvantages of both electrical and pneumatic control systems on ships ? Electrical Control System.Advantages. No air
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PID CONTROLLERS Automatic controllers are used onboard ships for the adjustment of one or more parameters in a system. Function of the controller is to maintain the parameter as per desired value (value set by theoperator).
UNDER WATER WORK PERMIT M.V./S.S.: POSITION /PORT Page 1 of 3 VALID FOR FROM hrs DATE: PERIOD * TO hrs DATE: Specific Location and Description of work: Special Conditions: Personnel assigned to the work: We, the undersigned, are satisfied that the checklist on pages 2 and 3 has Read More → INTRINSICALLY SAFE CIRCUIT ARCHIVES MEO Orals on Marine Electro Technology Function 5- Part 2. What is essential load ? Essential services are those required for the safety of personal and for the safe navigation and propulsion of the ship. They include certain supplies to navigation aids, machinery spaces, control stations and steering gear. What is non-essential load ? LIGHT SCATTERING SMOKE DETECTORS In the arrangement shown above, the smoke detectors are placed in line with the pulsed infrared light source. In the absence of smoke, the masking disk casts a shadow over the circular region of diameter ‘AB’ and prevents light from emitting diode from falling onto the detecting photocell. MARINE ENGINEERING STUDY MATERIALS Information for Marine Engineers. Fuel pump lead is the distance travelled by the plunger from the point at which rise of the fuel cam starts (or the follower start lifting) till the piston of the unit in question reaches top dead centre or TDC (ignition DC). BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PID CONTROLLERS Automatic controllers are used onboard ships for the adjustment of one or more parameters in a system. Function of the controller is to maintain the parameter as per desired value (value set by theoperator).
UNDER WATER WORK PERMIT M.V./S.S.: POSITION /PORT Page 1 of 3 VALID FOR FROM hrs DATE: PERIOD * TO hrs DATE: Specific Location and Description of work: Special Conditions: Personnel assigned to the work: We, the undersigned, are satisfied that the checklist on pages 2 and 3 has Read More → ON-BOARD FAMILIARIZATION FORM SHIP : Joining Staff: Name: Rank: ITEMS TO BE COMPLETED BEFORE SAILING * Delete as necessary 1. Check EMERGENCY SIGNALS YES NO 2. Check LIFEBOAT STATION location lifeboat No: 3. Check your emergency partyRead More →
MEO ORAL EXAM QUESTIONS ON MARINE BOILERS Related Posts. April 30, 2014 What is Ogee Ring Fitted on Boiler in Ships; April 29, 2014 Shore to Ship Pilot / Master Exchange Form; December 17, 2015 Fuel Injector Needle Valve Seizure – Marine Engineering; April 29, 2014 On-board Familiarization Form; October 28, 2015 An Introduction to Hydraulic Jacks on Ships; May 2, 2014 Oily Water Separator or Bilge Oil Separator CONDITION OF ASSIGNMENT Condition of assignment are conditions which must be met before free board is assigned to a ship and load line certificate is issued following a load line survey. WHAT IS OGEE RING FITTED ON BOILER IN SHIPS Ogee Ring. Connecting the bottom of the furnace to the boiler shell plating is a seamless Ogee ring. This ring is pressed out of thicker plating than the furnace; the greater thickness is necessary since circulation in its vicinity is not as good as elsewhere in the boiler and deposits can accumulate between it and the boiler shell plating. BOILER START UP PROCEDURE FROM COOL CONDITION ARCHIVES What is foaming in auxiliary boilers and how to prevent it ? It is the formation of thick layer of steam bubbles on the top of the water surface inside the boiler due to: UNLOADING OF REFRIGERATION COMPRESSOR ARCHIVES (A) Controlled operation: With the solenoid valve energized, the suction port in the corresponding cylinder head is shut off by means of a servo valve; the pistons of this cylinder row run idle withoutgas pressure.
95MET-2WEB VIEW
Sr. No. 3. EXAMINATION OF MARINE ENGINEER OFFICER. Function: Electrical, Electronic & Control Engineering at Management Level. MARINE ELECTROTECHNOLOGY MARINE ENGINEERING STUDY MATERIALS Information for Marine Engineers. Fuel pump lead is the distance travelled by the plunger from the point at which rise of the fuel cam starts (or the follower start lifting) till the piston of the unit in question reaches top dead centre or TDC (ignition DC). IRREGULARITIES IN INDICATOR DIAGRAM Irregularities in Indicator Diagram. Irregularities in the shape of indicator diagrams are indications of faulty engine operations. If irregularity seems for all units, problem may be common like faults in fuel oil system, intake air, turbocharger, air cooler, exhaust, etc. When the irregularity is confined to a single unit, problem could beof
EDUCTOR - PRINCIPLE, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE ON SHIPSSEE MORE ON MARINEENGINEERINGONLINE.COM MEAN INDICATED PRESSURE ARCHIVES The cylinder constant, k2. The indicated engine power, Pi. The effective engine power, Pe. The mean indicated pressure, pi. pi = A / (L × Cs) bar. where: A (mm2) = area of the indicator diagram, as found by planimeter. Place the planimeter and indicator card on a piece of plane cardboard (not too smooth), and trace the diagram. ON-BOARD FAMILIARIZATION FORM 10. All Officers and Crew: Workplace Familiarization. (You must be familiar YES NO. with your workplace before taking full responsibility for the same). 11. Have you been instructed about safe operation of the ship’s watertight. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PID CONTROLLERS Basic Principles of PID Controllers. Automatic controllers are used onboard ships for the adjustment of one or more parameters in a system. Function of the controller is to maintain the parameter as per desired value (value set by the operator). The parameter could be jacket water temperature (for engine jacket water cooling system MEO ORAL EXAM QUESTIONS ON MARINE BOILERS Check and adjust the belt tension between motor and rotating shaft. Clear the pilot burner nozzle and fitter. Clean carbon deposit on electrodes ( igniter ) and adjust the gap. Check the fuel valve and air register linkages and joints. Check and clean the flame eye cover glass. Check and clean inspection peep hole glass cover. BOILER START UP PROCEDURE FROM COOL CONDITION ARCHIVES The boiler is carried out firing from cold condition to normal working pressure condition very slowly to avoid thermal stress. Check the boiler blow down valve in close position. Shut the main steam stop v/v. Open the air vent cocks. Open the feed check valve and pumping up to ¼ of gauge glass level. HOW ZINC BLOCKS PROTECT SHIP HULL FROM CORROSION ARCHIVES The prevention of corrosion on ships deals with the provision of protective coating for the ship structure steel and its continued maintenance. Also a means of preventing electrochemical wastage is required, which is known as Cathodic protection. There are two types of cathodic protection method, Sacrificial anode system and Impressedcurrent system.
WHAT IS MEANT BY THE TERM CRITICAL SPEED AND WHY IT CAN BE Posted in: General Engineering Knowledge, MEO Examination Study Materials, Motor Engineering Knowledge | Tagged: cloverleafing, composition of a cylinder oil, Describe how a fatigue crack may be initiated, Describe the events leading to a crankcase explosion on a main engine, engine fails to reverse, engine fails to run on fuel, engine fails to stop, engine fails to turn on air, Explain how a MARINE ENGINEERING STUDY MATERIALS Information for Marine Engineers. Fuel pump lead is the distance travelled by the plunger from the point at which rise of the fuel cam starts (or the follower start lifting) till the piston of the unit in question reaches top dead centre or TDC (ignition DC). IRREGULARITIES IN INDICATOR DIAGRAM Irregularities in Indicator Diagram. Irregularities in the shape of indicator diagrams are indications of faulty engine operations. If irregularity seems for all units, problem may be common like faults in fuel oil system, intake air, turbocharger, air cooler, exhaust, etc. When the irregularity is confined to a single unit, problem could beof
EDUCTOR - PRINCIPLE, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE ON SHIPSSEE MORE ON MARINEENGINEERINGONLINE.COM MEAN INDICATED PRESSURE ARCHIVES The cylinder constant, k2. The indicated engine power, Pi. The effective engine power, Pe. The mean indicated pressure, pi. pi = A / (L × Cs) bar. where: A (mm2) = area of the indicator diagram, as found by planimeter. Place the planimeter and indicator card on a piece of plane cardboard (not too smooth), and trace the diagram. ON-BOARD FAMILIARIZATION FORM 10. All Officers and Crew: Workplace Familiarization. (You must be familiar YES NO. with your workplace before taking full responsibility for the same). 11. Have you been instructed about safe operation of the ship’s watertight. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PID CONTROLLERS Basic Principles of PID Controllers. Automatic controllers are used onboard ships for the adjustment of one or more parameters in a system. Function of the controller is to maintain the parameter as per desired value (value set by the operator). The parameter could be jacket water temperature (for engine jacket water cooling system MEO ORAL EXAM QUESTIONS ON MARINE BOILERS Check and adjust the belt tension between motor and rotating shaft. Clear the pilot burner nozzle and fitter. Clean carbon deposit on electrodes ( igniter ) and adjust the gap. Check the fuel valve and air register linkages and joints. Check and clean the flame eye cover glass. Check and clean inspection peep hole glass cover. BOILER START UP PROCEDURE FROM COOL CONDITION ARCHIVES The boiler is carried out firing from cold condition to normal working pressure condition very slowly to avoid thermal stress. Check the boiler blow down valve in close position. Shut the main steam stop v/v. Open the air vent cocks. Open the feed check valve and pumping up to ¼ of gauge glass level. HOW ZINC BLOCKS PROTECT SHIP HULL FROM CORROSION ARCHIVES The prevention of corrosion on ships deals with the provision of protective coating for the ship structure steel and its continued maintenance. Also a means of preventing electrochemical wastage is required, which is known as Cathodic protection. There are two types of cathodic protection method, Sacrificial anode system and Impressedcurrent system.
WHAT IS MEANT BY THE TERM CRITICAL SPEED AND WHY IT CAN BE Posted in: General Engineering Knowledge, MEO Examination Study Materials, Motor Engineering Knowledge | Tagged: cloverleafing, composition of a cylinder oil, Describe how a fatigue crack may be initiated, Describe the events leading to a crankcase explosion on a main engine, engine fails to reverse, engine fails to run on fuel, engine fails to stop, engine fails to turn on air, Explain how a EDUCTOR - PRINCIPLE, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE ON SHIPS Working Principle of Eductor on Ships. Eductor works on Bernoulli’s principle. It states that an increase in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a reduction in pressure. Refer to the simplified Bernoulli’s equation below for an in compressible flow. Where, v = Velocity of the fluid. p = Pressure of the fluid, and. IN WATER SURVEY (IWS) FOR SHIPS In Water Survey (IWS) The CLASS will accept an In water Survey in lieu of the intermediate docking between Special Surveys required in a five year period on ships where an *IWS notation is assigned.. The In water Survey is to provide the information normally obtained from theDocking Survey.
DUAL FUEL MARINE ENGINES USED ON-BOARD SHIPS Dual Fuel Marine Engines used on-board Ships. Dual fuel engines can be operated on natural gas as well as fuel oil. Change over from one fuel to the other can be achieved without any interruption in the power output of the engine. This article explains some important features of dual fuel engine used in gas carriers. TYPES OF STRESS ON SHIPS The forces acting on a ship may be static or dynamic. The static forces are due to the difference in the weight and buoyancy, which occur through out the ship. The dynamic forces are cause by the motion of the ship at sea and the action of the wind and wave. These forces create: Longitudinal stress. Transverse stress. CATEGORIES OF NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES Noxious liquid substances shall be divided into four categories as follows: Category X. Noxious liquid substances (NLS) which, if discharged into the sea from tank cleaning or deballasting operations are deemed to present a major hazard to either marine resources or human health and therefore, justify the prohibition of the discharge into the marine environment. CAUSES, EFFECTS, PREVENTION AND ACTIONS OF SCAVENGE FIRE Causes of Scavenge Fire. Blow past of combustion products caused by leaky, sticky or broken piston rings, worn out liner, faulty cylinder lubrication, or insufficient axial clearance of the piston rings. Overheated piston dissipates heat to the under piston area caused by faulty atomization and injection pressure, faulty fuel pump timing,loss
CONDITION OF ASSIGNMENT Following are the conditions which must be met before assigning the load line. Enough structural strength should be possessed. Enough reserve buoyancy should be possessed. Safety and protection of crew. Prevent entry of water through hull. Ships to be surveyed annually to ensure that they fulfill the condition of assignment. LIGHT SCATTERING SMOKE DETECTORS In the arrangement shown above, the smoke detectors are placed in line with the pulsed infrared light source. In the absence of smoke, the masking disk casts a shadow over the circular region of diameter ‘AB’ and prevents light from emitting diode from falling onto the detecting photocell. STABILITY OF SHIPS DURING DRY DOCKING Stability of Ships During Dry docking. When a vessel enters dry-dock, it has a trim and hence the keel makes an angle with the dock bottom/keel blocks. The dock bottom may be slightly sloped to help draining of the water when the dock is emptied. However the keel block top may be horizontal. VARIABLE INJECTION TIMING OR VIT IN FUEL PUMPS Variable injection timing or VIT is the term used to define a fuel injection pump which alters the timing of the start of fuel injection. With jerk type injection pump this can be done by following methods: By altering the position of the barrel with respect MARINE ENGINEERING STUDY MATERIALS Information for Marine Engineers. Fuel pump lead is the distance travelled by the plunger from the point at which rise of the fuel cam starts (or the follower start lifting) till the piston of the unit in question reaches top dead centre or TDC (ignition DC). IRREGULARITIES IN INDICATOR DIAGRAM Irregularities in Indicator Diagram. Irregularities in the shape of indicator diagrams are indications of faulty engine operations. If irregularity seems for all units, problem may be common like faults in fuel oil system, intake air, turbocharger, air cooler, exhaust, etc. When the irregularity is confined to a single unit, problem could beof
MEAN INDICATED PRESSURE ARCHIVES The cylinder constant, k2. The indicated engine power, Pi. The effective engine power, Pe. The mean indicated pressure, pi. pi = A / (L × Cs) bar. where: A (mm2) = area of the indicator diagram, as found by planimeter. Place the planimeter and indicator card on a piece of plane cardboard (not too smooth), and trace the diagram. EDUCTOR - PRINCIPLE, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE ON SHIPSSEE MORE ON MARINEENGINEERINGONLINE.COM BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PID CONTROLLERS Basic Principles of PID Controllers. Automatic controllers are used onboard ships for the adjustment of one or more parameters in a system. Function of the controller is to maintain the parameter as per desired value (value set by the operator). The parameter could be jacket water temperature (for engine jacket water cooling system MEO ORAL EXAM QUESTIONS ON MARINE BOILERS Check and adjust the belt tension between motor and rotating shaft. Clear the pilot burner nozzle and fitter. Clean carbon deposit on electrodes ( igniter ) and adjust the gap. Check the fuel valve and air register linkages and joints. Check and clean the flame eye cover glass. Check and clean inspection peep hole glass cover. LIGHT SCATTERING SMOKE DETECTORS The working principle of light scattering smoke detectors is as follows. When the sizes of small particles are greater than the wave length of the incident radiation, the light is scattered in different directions. Known as the ‘Tyndall Effect’, named after its discoverer, this is used for smoke in several different arrangements,however
BOILER START UP PROCEDURE FROM COOL CONDITION ARCHIVES The boiler is carried out firing from cold condition to normal working pressure condition very slowly to avoid thermal stress. Check the boiler blow down valve in close position. Shut the main steam stop v/v. Open the air vent cocks. Open the feed check valve and pumping up to ¼ of gauge glass level. HOW ZINC BLOCKS PROTECT SHIP HULL FROM CORROSION ARCHIVES The prevention of corrosion on ships deals with the provision of protective coating for the ship structure steel and its continued maintenance. Also a means of preventing electrochemical wastage is required, which is known as Cathodic protection. There are two types of cathodic protection method, Sacrificial anode system and Impressedcurrent system.
WHAT IS MEANT BY THE TERM CRITICAL SPEED AND WHY IT CAN BE Posted in: General Engineering Knowledge, MEO Examination Study Materials, Motor Engineering Knowledge | Tagged: cloverleafing, composition of a cylinder oil, Describe how a fatigue crack may be initiated, Describe the events leading to a crankcase explosion on a main engine, engine fails to reverse, engine fails to run on fuel, engine fails to stop, engine fails to turn on air, Explain how a MARINE ENGINEERING STUDY MATERIALS Information for Marine Engineers. Fuel pump lead is the distance travelled by the plunger from the point at which rise of the fuel cam starts (or the follower start lifting) till the piston of the unit in question reaches top dead centre or TDC (ignition DC). IRREGULARITIES IN INDICATOR DIAGRAM Irregularities in Indicator Diagram. Irregularities in the shape of indicator diagrams are indications of faulty engine operations. If irregularity seems for all units, problem may be common like faults in fuel oil system, intake air, turbocharger, air cooler, exhaust, etc. When the irregularity is confined to a single unit, problem could beof
MEAN INDICATED PRESSURE ARCHIVES The cylinder constant, k2. The indicated engine power, Pi. The effective engine power, Pe. The mean indicated pressure, pi. pi = A / (L × Cs) bar. where: A (mm2) = area of the indicator diagram, as found by planimeter. Place the planimeter and indicator card on a piece of plane cardboard (not too smooth), and trace the diagram. EDUCTOR - PRINCIPLE, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE ON SHIPSSEE MORE ON MARINEENGINEERINGONLINE.COM BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PID CONTROLLERS Basic Principles of PID Controllers. Automatic controllers are used onboard ships for the adjustment of one or more parameters in a system. Function of the controller is to maintain the parameter as per desired value (value set by the operator). The parameter could be jacket water temperature (for engine jacket water cooling system MEO ORAL EXAM QUESTIONS ON MARINE BOILERS Check and adjust the belt tension between motor and rotating shaft. Clear the pilot burner nozzle and fitter. Clean carbon deposit on electrodes ( igniter ) and adjust the gap. Check the fuel valve and air register linkages and joints. Check and clean the flame eye cover glass. Check and clean inspection peep hole glass cover. LIGHT SCATTERING SMOKE DETECTORS The working principle of light scattering smoke detectors is as follows. When the sizes of small particles are greater than the wave length of the incident radiation, the light is scattered in different directions. Known as the ‘Tyndall Effect’, named after its discoverer, this is used for smoke in several different arrangements,however
BOILER START UP PROCEDURE FROM COOL CONDITION ARCHIVES The boiler is carried out firing from cold condition to normal working pressure condition very slowly to avoid thermal stress. Check the boiler blow down valve in close position. Shut the main steam stop v/v. Open the air vent cocks. Open the feed check valve and pumping up to ¼ of gauge glass level. HOW ZINC BLOCKS PROTECT SHIP HULL FROM CORROSION ARCHIVES The prevention of corrosion on ships deals with the provision of protective coating for the ship structure steel and its continued maintenance. Also a means of preventing electrochemical wastage is required, which is known as Cathodic protection. There are two types of cathodic protection method, Sacrificial anode system and Impressedcurrent system.
WHAT IS MEANT BY THE TERM CRITICAL SPEED AND WHY IT CAN BE Posted in: General Engineering Knowledge, MEO Examination Study Materials, Motor Engineering Knowledge | Tagged: cloverleafing, composition of a cylinder oil, Describe how a fatigue crack may be initiated, Describe the events leading to a crankcase explosion on a main engine, engine fails to reverse, engine fails to run on fuel, engine fails to stop, engine fails to turn on air, Explain how a EDUCTOR - PRINCIPLE, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE ON SHIPS Working Principle of Eductor on Ships. Eductor works on Bernoulli’s principle. It states that an increase in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a reduction in pressure. Refer to the simplified Bernoulli’s equation below for an in compressible flow. Where, v = Velocity of the fluid. p = Pressure of the fluid, and. TYPES OF STRESS ON SHIPS The forces acting on a ship may be static or dynamic. The static forces are due to the difference in the weight and buoyancy, which occur through out the ship. The dynamic forces are cause by the motion of the ship at sea and the action of the wind and wave. These forces create: Longitudinal stress. Transverse stress. DUAL FUEL MARINE ENGINES USED ON-BOARD SHIPS Dual Fuel Marine Engines used on-board Ships. Dual fuel engines can be operated on natural gas as well as fuel oil. Change over from one fuel to the other can be achieved without any interruption in the power output of the engine. This article explains some important features of dual fuel engine used in gas carriers. CENTRIFUGAL PURIFIERS BASIC PRINCIPLE AND WORKING ON SHIPS This is shown in figure below by imagining settling tank on its side and rotated, which is the basic principle of centrifugal purifiers. The centrifugal purifiers or separator consists of a bowl containing a set of discs stacked one on top of the other. The dirty oil flows down the distributor and up through the holes in the discs.MARINE BOILERS
What is the meaning of marine boilers ? Boiler is a pressure vessel used on ships in which the water is heated to evaporate and generate the steam and the unit is so arranged that the generated steam accumulated in it. The two main types are water tube and fire tube. What is the boiler mounting ? CONTINUOUS SURVEY OF MACHINERY (CSM) ON SHIPS Here surveys are continuous over the five year cycle of surveys, so it is called as Continuous Survey of Machinery or CSM. To reduce the costs to Owners/Operators, Class will allow the Chief Engineer to survey most items under his supervision. Once surveyed by the Chief Engineer, the items would still require the Class Surveyor to creditthe
CONDITION OF ASSIGNMENT Following are the conditions which must be met before assigning the load line. Enough structural strength should be possessed. Enough reserve buoyancy should be possessed. Safety and protection of crew. Prevent entry of water through hull. Ships to be surveyed annually to ensure that they fulfill the condition of assignment. CYLINDER LINER LUBRICATION OF MAIN ENGINE ON SHIPS Take out spring and non return ball valve. Clean all parts in diesel oil. Check non return valve for occur. Check spring tension. Place the non return valve and spring into the lubricator quill then tighten out. Fit the lubricator quill to the cylinder tighten the nut. After fitting the lubricator quill, It is operated by hand at the same time SPECIAL SURVEYS ARCHIVES A minimum of two Docking Surveys are to be held in each five-year Special Survey period and the maximum interval between successive docking. Surveys is not to exceed three years. One of the two Docking Surveys required in each five year period is to coincide with the Special Survey. Consideration may be given in exceptionalcircumstances to an
VARIABLE INJECTION TIMING OR VIT IN FUEL PUMPS Variable injection timing or VIT is the term used to define a fuel injection pump which alters the timing of the start of fuel injection. With jerk type injection pump this can be done by following methods: By altering the position of the barrel with respect Marine Engineering Study Materials Information for MarineEngineers
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CARGO SAMPLING PROCEDURE ON SHIPS October 8, 2018 3:49 pm| Leave a Comment
| Frozee
This cargo sampling instruction describes the guidance for the Master and his crew in ensuring that appropriate samples of the cargo to be loaded or discharged are being taken as evidence to be used in connection with presented claims for contaminated cargo and for the purpose of protecting the vessel and the Company’s interests.PROCEDURE
* Cargo sampling should be done in closed condition. (Note: most vessels are screened / accepted by oil majors based on closed samplingrequirements.)
* Should this not be possible, Owner/Operator must be advised. * If the cargo product has been loaded and no samples have been drawn from the manifold at commencement of loading, the vessel can very easily be claimed for any contamination of the cargo and which contamination in fact may have been caused by polluted lines or hoses at the shore installation. Samples taken from Manifold and cargo tanks are the only proof that Owners have against possible cargo claims. CARGO SAMPLING OF PRODUCTS TO BE LOADED / DISCHARGED: Sampling of each cargo product to be loaded or discharged shall be carried out as described in OCIMF’s “International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers & Terminals” (ISGOTT) and always in compliance with the Owner’s procedures. Vessel shall always ensure following samples are drawn and ensure same is witnessed by surveyor; CARGO SAMPLING AT LOAD PORT * Upon commencement of loading (manifold samples, first cargo passing each manifold) * Just before 1st foot sample is loaded (cargo tank samples) * When about 50% of cargo has been loaded (manifold samples) * Upon completion of loading (cargo tank COMPOSITE samples) ADDITIONAL MANIFOLD SAMPLES SHALL ALWAYS BE DRAWN UPON; * Re-start of cargo operations when there is a stop during theloading operation
* Change of shore tank(s) during loading * Terminal is stripping/debottoming tanks into vessel’s cargo tanks during loading If there exists doubt onboard as to when further samples to be drawn, then decision shall always be to draw the additional samples. During pre-loading meeting the vessel shall check with Loading Master if the terminal has any plans of stripping, debottoming or change ofshore tanks.
A visual check of cargo samples, to determine any suspected contamination, must always be carried out by an experienced officer. If any suspected contamination found in the samples then below stepsto be undertaken;
Vessel must immediately stop loading and immediately contact the Owner/Operator and await their further orders. The Master is to send pictures of cargo manifold and ship tank sample(s) – Such pictures to be taken with white background. Master also to advise at what time intervals such samples were taken as well as how much cargo has been loaded and into which tanks. Master also to advise the surveyor’s and terminal’s reasons for the apparent contamination. In any case, pictures of the manifold and a representative COMPOSITE tank sample, against a white background, shall always be emailed to the Owner/Operator after loading, in order to evaluate if cleaning is needed for subsequent voyages. CARGO SAMPLING AT DISCHARGE PORT * Prior commencement of discharging (cargo tank composite samples) * On arrival at the discharge port, and immediately after tank ullages and temperatures have been carefully checked, samples should be taken of all cargo onboard. This sampling is usually carried out by the consignee’s surveyor and the procedure should be attended by vessel’s officers. It is usual to take top, middle, lower and bottom samples, though depending on the cargo. In the event of cargo that remains homogeneous during the voyage, such samples may be mixed into a composite sample with the largest proportion coming from the middle depth of the tank. It is also desirable to use a water finding instrument to establish if water is present. * Manifold samples taken at the vessel’s manifold at the start ofdischarge
If there exists doubt onboard as to when further samples to be drawn, then decision shall always be to draw the additional samples. A visual check of cargo samples, to determine any suspected contamination, must always be carried out by an experienced officer. It is recognized that drawing of samples at the manifold during the initial loading operation may be difficult due to vacuum in the lines. If this is not possible and not in compliance with the Owner’s procedures samples should be drawn from the tank(s) in which the loading has been initiated (First foot sample) If the terminal, for any reason, prevents the ship to carry out quality control sampling as required the same should be stated in the ship’s cargo operations log book and Owner/Operator should be contacted immediately and notified about same. Manifold sample should normally be taken AGAINST CLOSED VALVE (sample before product entering the ship’s line). This can only be done if the terminal can gravitate or pump at a very slow rate. If, however the terminal has a restriction on this practice and the ship is unable to take a manifold sample, a running sample should be taken as close as possible to the shore line connection. A comment detailing the position of the sample taking should be included in the ship’s cargo operations log. An accurate record of the manifold rigging, the loading times for each tank (start/stop) and any foot sampling sequence must also be maintained in order to identify the source of any contaminant should there be a failure of a sample by any test. Samples shall only be drawn from each individual cargo tank if this is being requested by the Shipper or Charterers. CARGO SAMPLING BY SURVEYORS/SHIPPERS: All “first-foot” samples drawn during loading must be witnessed by a responsible officer of the vessel, divided and the vessel is to retain one sealed sample on board of this or these samples. Upon completion of loading, the drawing of samples from the vessel’s cargo tanks or the vessel’s composite sampling must be witnessed by a responsible officer of the vessel. Samples from Cargo tanks must be taken at 3 levels, bottom, middle and top in order to represent all cargo inside tank. If Surveyor/shippers refuse to do same, then master to issue LOP (Letter of Protest) and notify Owner/Operator immediately. The vessel must retain one full sealed set in addition to those samples being delivered by the shore installation for carriage by the vessel and being handed over by the Master to the receivers atthe discharge port.
* Ensure a clean, dry and new sampling bottle is used each time for sampling and the sampling outlet always flushed before drawing asample.
* The closed sampling device should be thoroughly cleaned, dried and any traces of previous cargo completely removed. If several cargoes loaded at the same time, then sampler to be cleaned in between eachgrade.
* A sample should be drawn immediately at the manifold on commencement of loading of every grade to ensure the correct productis being received.
* If in doubt STOP LOADING and re-confirm with terminal / surveyor. * When loading certain sensitive cargoes, the Cargo Surveyor, on behalf of the Suppliers, may take running foot-samples from the ship’s receiving tanks for basic visual analysis. Vessel should retain on set of such samples. * On completion of sampling the surveyor will place on board sample drawn from the ships and shore tanks for cargo receivers. The vessel shall retain at least one set. When samples are landed ashore, the master shall ensure that a sample land receipt to be obtained. On every occasion whenever surveyor takes sample from the ship tanks, vessel shall ensure to keep one set of such samples onboard. * When the shore is using a line displacement method for loading, i.e. when multi-grades are being loaded by the same lines and on completion of one grade the same is displaced by the second grade; samples should also be drawn at the manifold on completion of everygrade.
* At the discharge port, the Cargo Surveyors on behalf of the receivers normally draw samples, from each tank for analysis. After clearance is received from ashore, discharge is commenced, and samples should then be taken at the manifold at commencement of every grade. * If the surveyor / terminal representative refuses to seal any samples, endeavour to get the surveyor’s / terminal representative’s signature on a letter acknowledging that the said line and foot samples were taken in his presence. In absence of above, the Chief Officer must ensure that he himself seals and labels the samples. He should also make a note on the letter that the samples were taken in the Surveyors presence, but he refused to seal them /sign the letter.
* In all cases where the Surveyor wishes or is instructed to draw only a single sample just for the shore reference, he should be persuaded to draw an additional one for the vessel’s retention aswell.
* All shore tank / line samples being delivered to the vessel shall be accepted for delivery only and a remark entered on the cargo sampling receipt stating that “Vessel’s Staff did / did not attend the Sampling Procedure” (delete as applicable). MARKING AND STORAGE OF SAMPLES: Marking and storage of samples shall comply with the Owner/Operator’s instructions. In case Owner/Operator do not have procedures/instructions for marking samples, the below information shall be used as minimum:* Vessels name
* Port / Terminal
* Date / Time of Sampling* Seal number
* Cargo Name and Grade * Destination and Shipper * Manifold No. and/or Cargo Tank No. * Sample type (top, middle, bottom, running, composite) * Name/Rank of Person responsible for drawing sample All Cargo samples should be retained on board for at least 12 months and all Manifold samples should be retained onboard for 3 months. Disposal of all samples should be done in compliance with MARPOLregulations.
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