HOME - MACROPOLOCOMMENTARYDIGITAL PROJECTSANALYSISMULTIMEDIAABOUTCASE

STUDIES

Rare Earths Monopoly No More. China loses grip on production but focuses on technology supply chain. prev. next. MacroPolo is the in-house think tank of the Paulson Institute. We decode China’s economic arrival in various forms:

THE COMMITTEE

The Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is the locus of political power in China. It includes the rulers of today and the leaders of tomorrow. This product currently contains bilingual biographical data, as well as work histories and career overlaps, for all Committee members (there may be gaps in timelines as a THE GLOBAL AI TALENT TRACKER Countries, companies, and institutions around the world are mobilizing to apply the power of artificial intelligence (AI) to an enormous range of economic and social problems. That application requires bringing together several key inputs: research and engineering talent, data, computational power, and a healthy innovation ecosystem. Talent is one of the most important—and the most

INSIDE AN AI CHIP

All chips are semiconductors, and AI chips is a specific segment of semiconductors expected to see significant future growth. These AI chips typically come in the form of a “system-on-chip” (SoC). That is, a computer chip that contains multiple functions beyond the central processing unit (CPU) that is the workhorse for all basic computing functions. Continue reading "Inside an AI Chip"

MATT SHEEHAN

Matt Sheehan is a Fellow at the Paulson Institute’s think tank, MacroPolo, where he leads work on U.S.-China technology issues, with a specialization in artificial intelligence. His research maps and quantifies the key inputs to AI ecosystems globally. Matt is the author of the book The Transpacific Experiment: How China and California Collaborate and Compete for our WAITING FOR ELECTRIC BUSES: COMPETITION AND COMPLEXITY IN As competition for passenger electric vehicles (EVs) heats up in the US market, electric buses (e-buses) remain a largely overlooked segment. But its market dynamics are such that competition is set to intensify, particularly between a globally established CHINA TECHNOLOGY FORECAST IN 2025: FRAGILE TECH SUPERPOWER By 2025, China’s technology ecosystem will have matured and be on par with Silicon Valley in terms of dynamism, innovation, and competitiveness. That dynamism will increasingly take the form of industrial applications of information technology, as the locus of Chinese innovation shifts from the consumer internet to the industrial

internet.

THE BIG FOUR AMCS: CHANGING PRIORITIES After years of diversifying into financial services, and then into the less regulated wilds of shadow banking, China’s big four asset management companies (AMCs)—Cinda, Huarong, China Orient, and Great Wall —are now being forced by the government to reorient their priorities back toward nonperforming loans (NPLs). The AMCs have built up significant financial resources over the

JIANYIN ROACHELL

Jianyin Roachell is a data analyst at MacroPolo. He is currently also a Transatlantic Digital Debate Fellow at the Global Public Policy Institute. Trained in statistics, economics, and data science methods, he has experience building analytics products and is a co-creator of the open-source platform Policybot.io. His research interests include computational social science, digital humanities THE TIES THAT BIND: HOW XI JINPING GOT HIS POLITBURO Ties That Bind: Xi’s People on the Politburo. Leaders prefer to work with people they trust. When American presidents, corporate executives, and major-league coaches begin their tenures, they often bring a whole new leadership team with them to help run the show. But this dynamic rises to another level behind the closed doors of Chinese

politics.

HOME - MACROPOLOCOMMENTARYDIGITAL PROJECTSANALYSISMULTIMEDIAABOUTCASE

STUDIES

Rare Earths Monopoly No More. China loses grip on production but focuses on technology supply chain. prev. next. MacroPolo is the in-house think tank of the Paulson Institute. We decode China’s economic arrival in various forms:

THE COMMITTEE

The Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is the locus of political power in China. It includes the rulers of today and the leaders of tomorrow. This product currently contains bilingual biographical data, as well as work histories and career overlaps, for all Committee members (there may be gaps in timelines as a THE GLOBAL AI TALENT TRACKER Countries, companies, and institutions around the world are mobilizing to apply the power of artificial intelligence (AI) to an enormous range of economic and social problems. That application requires bringing together several key inputs: research and engineering talent, data, computational power, and a healthy innovation ecosystem. Talent is one of the most important—and the most

INSIDE AN AI CHIP

All chips are semiconductors, and AI chips is a specific segment of semiconductors expected to see significant future growth. These AI chips typically come in the form of a “system-on-chip” (SoC). That is, a computer chip that contains multiple functions beyond the central processing unit (CPU) that is the workhorse for all basic computing functions. Continue reading "Inside an AI Chip"

MATT SHEEHAN

Matt Sheehan is a Fellow at the Paulson Institute’s think tank, MacroPolo, where he leads work on U.S.-China technology issues, with a specialization in artificial intelligence. His research maps and quantifies the key inputs to AI ecosystems globally. Matt is the author of the book The Transpacific Experiment: How China and California Collaborate and Compete for our WAITING FOR ELECTRIC BUSES: COMPETITION AND COMPLEXITY IN As competition for passenger electric vehicles (EVs) heats up in the US market, electric buses (e-buses) remain a largely overlooked segment. But its market dynamics are such that competition is set to intensify, particularly between a globally established CHINA TECHNOLOGY FORECAST IN 2025: FRAGILE TECH SUPERPOWER By 2025, China’s technology ecosystem will have matured and be on par with Silicon Valley in terms of dynamism, innovation, and competitiveness. That dynamism will increasingly take the form of industrial applications of information technology, as the locus of Chinese innovation shifts from the consumer internet to the industrial

internet.

THE BIG FOUR AMCS: CHANGING PRIORITIES After years of diversifying into financial services, and then into the less regulated wilds of shadow banking, China’s big four asset management companies (AMCs)—Cinda, Huarong, China Orient, and Great Wall —are now being forced by the government to reorient their priorities back toward nonperforming loans (NPLs). The AMCs have built up significant financial resources over the

JIANYIN ROACHELL

Jianyin Roachell is a data analyst at MacroPolo. He is currently also a Transatlantic Digital Debate Fellow at the Global Public Policy Institute. Trained in statistics, economics, and data science methods, he has experience building analytics products and is a co-creator of the open-source platform Policybot.io. His research interests include computational social science, digital humanities THE TIES THAT BIND: HOW XI JINPING GOT HIS POLITBURO Ties That Bind: Xi’s People on the Politburo. Leaders prefer to work with people they trust. When American presidents, corporate executives, and major-league coaches begin their tenures, they often bring a whole new leadership team with them to help run the show. But this dynamic rises to another level behind the closed doors of Chinese

politics.

ABOUT - MACROPOLO

At MacroPolo, we are building a truly 21st century think tank. Instead of long research papers, we specialize in thoughtfully designed digital interactives as well as dynamic content and databases. Our multinational team of experts provides timely commentary, valuable insights, and best-in-class research to market participants, corporate leaders, and policymakers. DAMIEN MA - MACROPOLO Damien Ma is Managing Director and co-founder of MacroPolo, the Think Tank of the Paulson Institute. He is the author or editor of the books, In Line Behind a Billion People: How Scarcity Will Define China’s Ascent in the Next Decade, The Economics of Air Pollution in China (by Ma Jun), and China’s Economic Arrival: Decoding a Disruptive Rise, published HERE ARE BEIJING'S PRIORITIES FOR THE CENTRAL ECONOMIC These signs point to a Beijing that is prepared to reorder the priorities for 2020 because it now deems the deleveraging schedule to be too aggressive. The CEWC will offer more clarity on how much Beijing may moderate the pace and scope of its deleveraging campaign. Houze Song is a research fellow at MacroPolo.

JIANYIN ROACHELL

Jianyin Roachell is a data analyst at MacroPolo. He is currently also a Transatlantic Digital Debate Fellow at the Global Public Policy Institute. Trained in statistics, economics, and data science methods, he has experience building analytics products and is a co-creator of the open-source platform Policybot.io. His research interests include computational social science, digital humanities MORE MONEY FOR MARXIST THEORY IN CHINA’S SOCIAL SCIENCE More Problems, More Money. Xi has rapidly increased spending on social science research. NOPSS spending on NSSF grants jumped 44.3% from 1.8 billion yuan ($257.6 million) in 2015 to 2.6 billion yuan ($371.9 million) in 2019 (see Figure 1). Grants can reach 800,000 yuan ($116,000) but currently average about 470,000 yuan ($68,000). CHINESE ECONOMY Q12021: DE-RISKING WILL HURT NEAR-TERM GROWTH With 2020 growth of 2.3%, an 8% growth rate implies just 5% growth year-on-year for 2Q-4Q 2021. This is actually lower than the 6.5% growth achieved in 4Q2020 when the economic rebound picked up steam. In other words, Beijing is not looking to accelerate growth beyond where it ended 2020. "MADE IN CHINA 2025" UNMADE? Eliot Chen was an inaugural MacroPolo Summer Associate, where he spent 10 weeks in Chicago conceptualizing and executing on this project. Eliot is now completing his studies at Princeton University, where he is majoring in political science. The analysis and findings are solely his. All questions and follow-ups should be directed to Eliot at eliotchen@princeton.edu.

CHINA TIANYING INC.

China Tianying is principally engaged in waste power generation projects, using both the build, operate and own (BOO) and build, operate, and transfer (BOT) models. As of 2016, the company operates seven projects across China with another 10 projects under construction. The company started its global expansion aggressively in 2016, having established three subsidiaries in CHINA’S PBOC ADOPTS PRUDENT MONETARY POLICY TO PROTECT The People’s Bank of China (PBOC) has taken an unexpected approach to monetary policy this year. As the Chinese economy has slowed, the central bank has refrained from using the “flood-irrigation” (大水漫灌) approach (credit-fueled stimulus) as in the past. SHANGHAI FREE TRADE ZONE: PUTTING REFORM OVER OPENING Western expectations for Chinese economic reforms have long fixated on the “opening” associated with market access and financial liberalization. Frustration has ensued. One example in this litany of unfulfilled expectations is the Shanghai Free Trade Zone (SFTZ), which was launched in September 2013 and recently expanded to include Tesla’s new Gigafactory. HOME - MACROPOLOCOMMENTARYDIGITAL PROJECTSANALYSISMULTIMEDIAABOUTCASE

STUDIES

Rare Earths Monopoly No More. China loses grip on production but focuses on technology supply chain. prev. next. MacroPolo is the in-house think tank of the Paulson Institute. We decode China’s economic arrival in various forms:

THE COMMITTEE

The Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is the locus of political power in China. It includes the rulers of today and the leaders of tomorrow. This product currently contains bilingual biographical data, as well as work histories and career overlaps, for all Committee members (there may be gaps in timelines as a THE GLOBAL AI TALENT TRACKER Countries, companies, and institutions around the world are mobilizing to apply the power of artificial intelligence (AI) to an enormous range of economic and social problems. That application requires bringing together several key inputs: research and engineering talent, data, computational power, and a healthy innovation ecosystem. Talent is one of the most important—and the most

INSIDE AN AI CHIP

All chips are semiconductors, and AI chips is a specific segment of semiconductors expected to see significant future growth. These AI chips typically come in the form of a “system-on-chip” (SoC). That is, a computer chip that contains multiple functions beyond the central processing unit (CPU) that is the workhorse for all basic computing functions. Continue reading "Inside an AI Chip"

MATT SHEEHAN

Matt Sheehan is a Fellow at the Paulson Institute’s think tank, MacroPolo, where he leads work on U.S.-China technology issues, with a specialization in artificial intelligence. His research maps and quantifies the key inputs to AI ecosystems globally. Matt is the author of the book The Transpacific Experiment: How China and California Collaborate and Compete for our CHINA TECHNOLOGY FORECAST IN 2025: FRAGILE TECH SUPERPOWER By 2025, China’s technology ecosystem will have matured and be on par with Silicon Valley in terms of dynamism, innovation, and competitiveness. That dynamism will increasingly take the form of industrial applications of information technology, as the locus of Chinese innovation shifts from the consumer internet to the industrial

internet.

WAITING FOR ELECTRIC BUSES: COMPETITION AND COMPLEXITY IN As competition for passenger electric vehicles (EVs) heats up in the US market, electric buses (e-buses) remain a largely overlooked segment. But its market dynamics are such that competition is set to intensify, particularly between a globally established THE BIG FOUR AMCS: CHANGING PRIORITIES After years of diversifying into financial services, and then into the less regulated wilds of shadow banking, China’s big four asset management companies (AMCs)—Cinda, Huarong, China Orient, and Great Wall —are now being forced by the government to reorient their priorities back toward nonperforming loans (NPLs). The AMCs have built up significant financial resources over the

JIANYIN ROACHELL

Jianyin Roachell is a data analyst at MacroPolo. He is currently also a Transatlantic Digital Debate Fellow at the Global Public Policy Institute. Trained in statistics, economics, and data science methods, he has experience building analytics products and is a co-creator of the open-source platform Policybot.io. His research interests include computational social science, digital humanities GUOXUAN HIGH-TECH CO., LTD. Guoxuan High-Tech is a lithium battery supplier to a number of electric and hybrid vehicle manufacturers in China. A recent Xinhua survey ranked it second among Chinese lithium battery companies in an overall ranking that considers company market share, profitability, corporate governance, and brand recognition. The company recently raised another round of funding for its HOME - MACROPOLOCOMMENTARYDIGITAL PROJECTSANALYSISMULTIMEDIAABOUTCASE

STUDIES

Rare Earths Monopoly No More. China loses grip on production but focuses on technology supply chain. prev. next. MacroPolo is the in-house think tank of the Paulson Institute. We decode China’s economic arrival in various forms:

THE COMMITTEE

The Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is the locus of political power in China. It includes the rulers of today and the leaders of tomorrow. This product currently contains bilingual biographical data, as well as work histories and career overlaps, for all Committee members (there may be gaps in timelines as a THE GLOBAL AI TALENT TRACKER Countries, companies, and institutions around the world are mobilizing to apply the power of artificial intelligence (AI) to an enormous range of economic and social problems. That application requires bringing together several key inputs: research and engineering talent, data, computational power, and a healthy innovation ecosystem. Talent is one of the most important—and the most

INSIDE AN AI CHIP

All chips are semiconductors, and AI chips is a specific segment of semiconductors expected to see significant future growth. These AI chips typically come in the form of a “system-on-chip” (SoC). That is, a computer chip that contains multiple functions beyond the central processing unit (CPU) that is the workhorse for all basic computing functions. Continue reading "Inside an AI Chip"

MATT SHEEHAN

Matt Sheehan is a Fellow at the Paulson Institute’s think tank, MacroPolo, where he leads work on U.S.-China technology issues, with a specialization in artificial intelligence. His research maps and quantifies the key inputs to AI ecosystems globally. Matt is the author of the book The Transpacific Experiment: How China and California Collaborate and Compete for our CHINA TECHNOLOGY FORECAST IN 2025: FRAGILE TECH SUPERPOWER By 2025, China’s technology ecosystem will have matured and be on par with Silicon Valley in terms of dynamism, innovation, and competitiveness. That dynamism will increasingly take the form of industrial applications of information technology, as the locus of Chinese innovation shifts from the consumer internet to the industrial

internet.

WAITING FOR ELECTRIC BUSES: COMPETITION AND COMPLEXITY IN As competition for passenger electric vehicles (EVs) heats up in the US market, electric buses (e-buses) remain a largely overlooked segment. But its market dynamics are such that competition is set to intensify, particularly between a globally established THE BIG FOUR AMCS: CHANGING PRIORITIES After years of diversifying into financial services, and then into the less regulated wilds of shadow banking, China’s big four asset management companies (AMCs)—Cinda, Huarong, China Orient, and Great Wall —are now being forced by the government to reorient their priorities back toward nonperforming loans (NPLs). The AMCs have built up significant financial resources over the

JIANYIN ROACHELL

Jianyin Roachell is a data analyst at MacroPolo. He is currently also a Transatlantic Digital Debate Fellow at the Global Public Policy Institute. Trained in statistics, economics, and data science methods, he has experience building analytics products and is a co-creator of the open-source platform Policybot.io. His research interests include computational social science, digital humanities GUOXUAN HIGH-TECH CO., LTD. Guoxuan High-Tech is a lithium battery supplier to a number of electric and hybrid vehicle manufacturers in China. A recent Xinhua survey ranked it second among Chinese lithium battery companies in an overall ranking that considers company market share, profitability, corporate governance, and brand recognition. The company recently raised another round of funding for its

ABOUT - MACROPOLO

At MacroPolo, we are building a truly 21st century think tank. Instead of long research papers, we specialize in thoughtfully designed digital interactives as well as dynamic content and databases. Our multinational team of experts provides timely commentary, valuable insights, and best-in-class research to market participants, corporate leaders, and policymakers. DAMIEN MA - MACROPOLO Damien Ma is Managing Director and co-founder of MacroPolo, the Think Tank of the Paulson Institute. He is the author or editor of the books, In Line Behind a Billion People: How Scarcity Will Define China’s Ascent in the Next Decade, The Economics of Air Pollution in China (by Ma Jun), and China’s Economic Arrival: Decoding a Disruptive Rise, published HERE ARE BEIJING'S PRIORITIES FOR THE CENTRAL ECONOMIC These signs point to a Beijing that is prepared to reorder the priorities for 2020 because it now deems the deleveraging schedule to be too aggressive. The CEWC will offer more clarity on how much Beijing may moderate the pace and scope of its deleveraging campaign. Houze Song is a research fellow at MacroPolo.

JIANYIN ROACHELL

Jianyin Roachell is a data analyst at MacroPolo. He is currently also a Transatlantic Digital Debate Fellow at the Global Public Policy Institute. Trained in statistics, economics, and data science methods, he has experience building analytics products and is a co-creator of the open-source platform Policybot.io. His research interests include computational social science, digital humanities CHINESE ECONOMY Q12021: DE-RISKING WILL HURT NEAR-TERM GROWTH With 2020 growth of 2.3%, an 8% growth rate implies just 5% growth year-on-year for 2Q-4Q 2021. This is actually lower than the 6.5% growth achieved in 4Q2020 when the economic rebound picked up steam. In other words, Beijing is not looking to accelerate growth beyond where it ended 2020. MORE MONEY FOR MARXIST THEORY IN CHINA’S SOCIAL SCIENCE More Problems, More Money. Xi has rapidly increased spending on social science research. NOPSS spending on NSSF grants jumped 44.3% from 1.8 billion yuan ($257.6 million) in 2015 to 2.6 billion yuan ($371.9 million) in 2019 (see Figure 1). Grants can reach 800,000 yuan ($116,000) but currently average about 470,000 yuan ($68,000). "MADE IN CHINA 2025" UNMADE? Eliot Chen was an inaugural MacroPolo Summer Associate, where he spent 10 weeks in Chicago conceptualizing and executing on this project. Eliot is now completing his studies at Princeton University, where he is majoring in political science. The analysis and findings are solely his. All questions and follow-ups should be directed to Eliot at eliotchen@princeton.edu.

CHINA TIANYING INC.

China Tianying is principally engaged in waste power generation projects, using both the build, operate and own (BOO) and build, operate, and transfer (BOT) models. As of 2016, the company operates seven projects across China with another 10 projects under construction. The company started its global expansion aggressively in 2016, having established three subsidiaries in CHINA’S PBOC ADOPTS PRUDENT MONETARY POLICY TO PROTECT This “drip-irrigation” approach is more than just the adoption of a prudent monetary policy. It is trying to protect small banks against the risk of financial contagion. China’s small banks are overly dependent on borrowing from other banks for their funding. However, their ability to access such funding can be disrupted during periods

of

SHANGHAI FREE TRADE ZONE: PUTTING REFORM OVER OPENING Western expectations for Chinese economic reforms have long fixated on the “opening” associated with market access and financial liberalization. Frustration has ensued. One example in this litany of unfulfilled expectations is the Shanghai Free Trade Zone (SFTZ), which was launched in September 2013 and recently expanded to include Tesla’s new Gigafactory. HOME - MACROPOLOCOMMENTARYDIGITAL PROJECTSANALYSISMULTIMEDIAABOUTCASE

STUDIES

Rare Earths Monopoly No More. China loses grip on production but focuses on technology supply chain. prev. next. MacroPolo is the in-house think tank of the Paulson Institute. We decode China’s economic arrival in various forms: THE GLOBAL AI TALENT TRACKER Countries, companies, and institutions around the world are mobilizing to apply the power of artificial intelligence (AI) to an enormous range of economic and social problems. That application requires bringing together several key inputs: research and engineering talent, data, computational power, and a healthy innovation ecosystem. Talent is one of the most important—and the most

INTRODUCTION

For the next 65 years, China is likely to maintain the world’s most extensive high-speed rail (HSR) network. That enormous investment, with a long time horizon, has caused consternation both within China and outside of it. Detractors have called it a monumental white elephant. Proponents have touted the myriad economic benefits the

network

THE COMMITTEE

The Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is the locus of political power in China. It includes the rulers of today and the leaders of tomorrow. This product currently contains bilingual biographical data, as well as work histories and career overlaps, for all Committee members (there may be gaps in timelines as a

INSIDE AN AI CHIP

All chips are semiconductors, and AI chips is a specific segment of semiconductors expected to see significant future growth. These AI chips typically come in the form of a “system-on-chip” (SoC). That is, a computer chip that contains multiple functions beyond the central processing unit (CPU) that is the workhorse for all basic computing functions. Continue reading "Inside an AI Chip" CHINA TECHNOLOGY FORECAST IN 2025: FRAGILE TECH SUPERPOWER By 2025, China’s technology ecosystem will have matured and be on par with Silicon Valley in terms of dynamism, innovation, and competitiveness. That dynamism will increasingly take the form of industrial applications of information technology, as the locus of Chinese innovation shifts from the consumer internet to the industrial

internet.

ELECTRIFYING: HOW CHINA BUILT AN EV INDUSTRY IN A DECADE Introduction. In December 2019, the Chinese Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) announced that new energy vehicles, composed mainly of plug-in electric vehicles (EVs), would represent 25% of overall vehicle sales by 2025. This is a bold target given that less than 5% of total cars sold in 2019 were EVs. Then again, just a decade ago few expected China to develop an EV WAITING FOR ELECTRIC BUSES: COMPETITION AND COMPLEXITY IN As competition for passenger electric vehicles (EVs) heats up in the US market, electric buses (e-buses) remain a largely overlooked segment. But its market dynamics are such that competition is set to intensify, particularly between a globally established CHINESE ECONOMY Q12021: DE-RISKING WILL HURT NEAR-TERM GROWTH With 2020 growth of 2.3%, an 8% growth rate implies just 5% growth year-on-year for 2Q-4Q 2021. This is actually lower than the 6.5% growth achieved in 4Q2020 when the economic rebound picked up steam. In other words, Beijing is not looking to accelerate growth beyond where it ended 2020. THE TIES THAT BIND: HOW XI JINPING GOT HIS POLITBURO Ties That Bind: Xi’s People on the Politburo. Leaders prefer to work with people they trust. When American presidents, corporate executives, and major-league coaches begin their tenures, they often bring a whole new leadership team with them to help run the show. But this dynamic rises to another level behind the closed doors of Chinese

politics.

HOME - MACROPOLOCOMMENTARYDIGITAL PROJECTSANALYSISMULTIMEDIAABOUTCASE

STUDIES

Rare Earths Monopoly No More. China loses grip on production but focuses on technology supply chain. prev. next. MacroPolo is the in-house think tank of the Paulson Institute. We decode China’s economic arrival in various forms: THE GLOBAL AI TALENT TRACKER Countries, companies, and institutions around the world are mobilizing to apply the power of artificial intelligence (AI) to an enormous range of economic and social problems. That application requires bringing together several key inputs: research and engineering talent, data, computational power, and a healthy innovation ecosystem. Talent is one of the most important—and the most

INTRODUCTION

For the next 65 years, China is likely to maintain the world’s most extensive high-speed rail (HSR) network. That enormous investment, with a long time horizon, has caused consternation both within China and outside of it. Detractors have called it a monumental white elephant. Proponents have touted the myriad economic benefits the

network

THE COMMITTEE

The Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is the locus of political power in China. It includes the rulers of today and the leaders of tomorrow. This product currently contains bilingual biographical data, as well as work histories and career overlaps, for all Committee members (there may be gaps in timelines as a

INSIDE AN AI CHIP

All chips are semiconductors, and AI chips is a specific segment of semiconductors expected to see significant future growth. These AI chips typically come in the form of a “system-on-chip” (SoC). That is, a computer chip that contains multiple functions beyond the central processing unit (CPU) that is the workhorse for all basic computing functions. Continue reading "Inside an AI Chip" CHINA TECHNOLOGY FORECAST IN 2025: FRAGILE TECH SUPERPOWER By 2025, China’s technology ecosystem will have matured and be on par with Silicon Valley in terms of dynamism, innovation, and competitiveness. That dynamism will increasingly take the form of industrial applications of information technology, as the locus of Chinese innovation shifts from the consumer internet to the industrial

internet.

ELECTRIFYING: HOW CHINA BUILT AN EV INDUSTRY IN A DECADE Introduction. In December 2019, the Chinese Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) announced that new energy vehicles, composed mainly of plug-in electric vehicles (EVs), would represent 25% of overall vehicle sales by 2025. This is a bold target given that less than 5% of total cars sold in 2019 were EVs. Then again, just a decade ago few expected China to develop an EV WAITING FOR ELECTRIC BUSES: COMPETITION AND COMPLEXITY IN As competition for passenger electric vehicles (EVs) heats up in the US market, electric buses (e-buses) remain a largely overlooked segment. But its market dynamics are such that competition is set to intensify, particularly between a globally established CHINESE ECONOMY Q12021: DE-RISKING WILL HURT NEAR-TERM GROWTH With 2020 growth of 2.3%, an 8% growth rate implies just 5% growth year-on-year for 2Q-4Q 2021. This is actually lower than the 6.5% growth achieved in 4Q2020 when the economic rebound picked up steam. In other words, Beijing is not looking to accelerate growth beyond where it ended 2020. THE TIES THAT BIND: HOW XI JINPING GOT HIS POLITBURO Ties That Bind: Xi’s People on the Politburo. Leaders prefer to work with people they trust. When American presidents, corporate executives, and major-league coaches begin their tenures, they often bring a whole new leadership team with them to help run the show. But this dynamic rises to another level behind the closed doors of Chinese

politics.

INTRODUCTION

For the next 65 years, China is likely to maintain the world’s most extensive high-speed rail (HSR) network. That enormous investment, with a long time horizon, has caused consternation both within China and outside of it. Detractors have called it a monumental white elephant. Proponents have touted the myriad economic benefits the

network

CHINA LINES UP THE PIECES FOR PEAK CARBON EMISSIONS BY 2030 When President Xi Jinping announced in September 2020 that China would aim to peak carbon emissions by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060, he effectively changed the metrics by which the country’s energy and climate policies are judged. For the first time, China has clear mid- and long-term climate targets, and a ll eyes are now focused on how it will get there. ELECTRIFYING: HOW CHINA BUILT AN EV INDUSTRY IN A DECADE Introduction. In December 2019, the Chinese Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) announced that new energy vehicles, composed mainly of plug-in electric vehicles (EVs), would represent 25% of overall vehicle sales by 2025. This is a bold target given that less than 5% of total cars sold in 2019 were EVs. Then again, just a decade ago few expected China to develop an EV CHINA ENERGY 2025: SETTING COURSE FOR PEAK EMISSIONS This chapter is part of the China Forecast 2025 report – read the Foreword and download the PDF here. Our call: By 2025, China will be close to achieving peak emissions as a result of more ambitious actions to bolster renewables, pivot toward market mechanisms, and enhanced energy efficiency measures. HERE ARE BEIJING'S PRIORITIES FOR THE CENTRAL ECONOMIC These signs point to a Beijing that is prepared to reorder the priorities for 2020 because it now deems the deleveraging schedule to be too aggressive. The CEWC will offer more clarity on how much Beijing may moderate the pace and scope of its deleveraging campaign. Houze Song is a research fellow at MacroPolo. NO GDP TARGET? ANALYZING CHINA JUST GOT HARDER BUT MORE The Post-Target Paradigm: Analyzing China Just Got Harder but More Interesting. Damien Ma. The just released 14th Five-Year Plan (FYP) and 2035 long-range vision is some 75,000 words long. But it is short on concrete targets. For the first time in 35 years, the biggest news that came out of the 14th FYP was what was missing: the GDP target. CHINA FORECAST 2025 REPORT: CHINA ADJUSTS COURSE By 2025, China’s technology ecosystem will have matured and be on par with Silicon Valley in terms of dynamism, innovation, and competitiveness. That dynamism will increasingly take the form of industrial applications of information technology, as the locus of Chinese innovation shifts from the consumer internet to the industrial

internet.

REMAKING “MADE IN CHINA”: BEIJING’S INDUSTRIAL INTERNET Remaking “Made in China”: Beijing’s Industrial Internet Ambitions. Matt Sheehan. The Chinese government is placing large bureaucratic and financial bets on upgrading and digitizing its already dominant manufacturing base. It is attempting to use advances in computer vision, robotics, autonomous vehicles, and 5G to

supercharge the

MAO REDUX: THE ENDURING RELEVANCE OF SELF-RELIANCE IN Pundits are particularly fond of likening Xi Jinping to Chairman Mao. Xi’s accumulation of personal political power, purging of opponents, and removal of presidential term limits all lend credence to the comparison. Some of the latest evidence that “Xi is the new Mao” is his supposed "revival" of the Maoist concept of “self-reliance”

(zili gengsheng).

BRIDGING PERCEPTIONS: CHINA IN MOZAMBIQUE Lauren Baker was an inaugural Summer Associate at MacroPolo, where she spent ten weeks in Chicago working on this project. Her work is based on on-the-ground insights and sources she cultivated during the year she spent in Mozambique as a Boren Fellow. A graduate of the University of Chicago’s Committee on International Relations, Lauren now Continue reading "Bridging Perceptions: China HOME - MACROPOLOCOMMENTARYDIGITAL PROJECTSANALYSISMULTIMEDIAABOUTCASE

STUDIES

Rare Earths Monopoly No More. China loses grip on production but focuses on technology supply chain. prev. next. MacroPolo is the in-house think tank of the Paulson Institute. We decode China’s economic arrival in various forms: ABOUT - MACROPOLOACCESSIBILITYEDUCATIONTWO FENABOUT THE CHINA FOOTPRINTPAPERSKNOW THE NUMBERS At MacroPolo, we are building a truly 21st century think tank. Instead of long research papers, we specialize in thoughtfully designed digital interactives as well as dynamic content and databases. Our multinational team of experts provides timely commentary, valuable insights, and best-in-class research to market participants, corporate leaders, and policymakers.

THE COMMITTEE

The Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is the locus of political power in China. It includes the rulers of today and the leaders of tomorrow. This product currently contains bilingual biographical data, as well as work histories and career overlaps, for all Committee members (there may be gaps in timelines as a THE GLOBAL AI TALENT TRACKER Countries, companies, and institutions around the world are mobilizing to apply the power of artificial intelligence (AI) to an enormous range of economic and social problems. That application requires bringing together several key inputs: research and engineering talent, data, computational power, and a healthy innovation ecosystem. Talent is one of the most important—and the most

INSIDE AN AI CHIP

All chips are semiconductors, and AI chips is a specific segment of semiconductors expected to see significant future growth. These AI chips typically come in the form of a “system-on-chip” (SoC). That is, a computer chip that contains multiple functions beyond the central processing unit (CPU) that is the workhorse for all basic computing functions. Continue reading "Inside an AI Chip" DAMIEN MA - MACROPOLO Damien Ma is Managing Director and co-founder of MacroPolo, the Think Tank of the Paulson Institute. He is the author or editor of the books, In Line Behind a Billion People: How Scarcity Will Define China’s Ascent in the Next Decade, The Economics of Air Pollution in China (by Ma Jun), and China’s Economic Arrival: Decoding a Disruptive Rise, published

MATT SHEEHAN

Matt Sheehan is a Fellow at the Paulson Institute’s think tank, MacroPolo, where he leads work on U.S.-China technology issues, with a specialization in artificial intelligence. His research maps and quantifies the key inputs to AI ecosystems globally. Matt is the author of the book The Transpacific Experiment: How China and California Collaborate and Compete for our HOW CHINESE REAL ESTATE MONEY IS TRANSFORMING THE SAN Nestled inside the Golden Gate Bridge, and up against the northwest shores of the San Francisco Bay, Angel Island offers visitors two snapshots of Chinese arrivals in the United States, taken a century apart. In the early 20th century, Chinese immigrants barred from entering America by the Chinese Exclusion Act were detained and interrogated at Continue reading "How Chinese Real Estate

CHINA TIANYING INC.

China Tianying is principally engaged in waste power generation projects, using both the build, operate and own (BOO) and build, operate, and transfer (BOT) models. As of 2016, the company operates seven projects across China with another 10 projects under construction. The company started its global expansion aggressively in 2016, having established three subsidiaries in FOR COMPANY AND FOR COUNTRY: BOEING AND US-CHINA RELATIONS When Henry Kissinger embarked on his secret mission in 1971 to lay the groundwork for President Richard Nixon’s historic trip to China, he was shuttled from Islamabad to Beijing in a Boeing 707. When Chinese President Xi Jinping arrived in Washington, DC in 2015 for a state visit, he stepped off a retrofitted Boeing 747 emblazoned Continue reading "For Company and For Country: Boeing and HOME - MACROPOLOCOMMENTARYDIGITAL PROJECTSANALYSISMULTIMEDIAABOUTCASE

STUDIES

Rare Earths Monopoly No More. China loses grip on production but focuses on technology supply chain. prev. next. MacroPolo is the in-house think tank of the Paulson Institute. We decode China’s economic arrival in various forms: ABOUT - MACROPOLOACCESSIBILITYEDUCATIONTWO FENABOUT THE CHINA FOOTPRINTPAPERSKNOW THE NUMBERS At MacroPolo, we are building a truly 21st century think tank. Instead of long research papers, we specialize in thoughtfully designed digital interactives as well as dynamic content and databases. Our multinational team of experts provides timely commentary, valuable insights, and best-in-class research to market participants, corporate leaders, and policymakers.

THE COMMITTEE

The Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is the locus of political power in China. It includes the rulers of today and the leaders of tomorrow. This product currently contains bilingual biographical data, as well as work histories and career overlaps, for all Committee members (there may be gaps in timelines as a THE GLOBAL AI TALENT TRACKER Countries, companies, and institutions around the world are mobilizing to apply the power of artificial intelligence (AI) to an enormous range of economic and social problems. That application requires bringing together several key inputs: research and engineering talent, data, computational power, and a healthy innovation ecosystem. Talent is one of the most important—and the most

INSIDE AN AI CHIP

All chips are semiconductors, and AI chips is a specific segment of semiconductors expected to see significant future growth. These AI chips typically come in the form of a “system-on-chip” (SoC). That is, a computer chip that contains multiple functions beyond the central processing unit (CPU) that is the workhorse for all basic computing functions. Continue reading "Inside an AI Chip" DAMIEN MA - MACROPOLO Damien Ma is Managing Director and co-founder of MacroPolo, the Think Tank of the Paulson Institute. He is the author or editor of the books, In Line Behind a Billion People: How Scarcity Will Define China’s Ascent in the Next Decade, The Economics of Air Pollution in China (by Ma Jun), and China’s Economic Arrival: Decoding a Disruptive Rise, published

MATT SHEEHAN

Matt Sheehan is a Fellow at the Paulson Institute’s think tank, MacroPolo, where he leads work on U.S.-China technology issues, with a specialization in artificial intelligence. His research maps and quantifies the key inputs to AI ecosystems globally. Matt is the author of the book The Transpacific Experiment: How China and California Collaborate and Compete for our HOW CHINESE REAL ESTATE MONEY IS TRANSFORMING THE SAN Nestled inside the Golden Gate Bridge, and up against the northwest shores of the San Francisco Bay, Angel Island offers visitors two snapshots of Chinese arrivals in the United States, taken a century apart. In the early 20th century, Chinese immigrants barred from entering America by the Chinese Exclusion Act were detained and interrogated at Continue reading "How Chinese Real Estate

CHINA TIANYING INC.

China Tianying is principally engaged in waste power generation projects, using both the build, operate and own (BOO) and build, operate, and transfer (BOT) models. As of 2016, the company operates seven projects across China with another 10 projects under construction. The company started its global expansion aggressively in 2016, having established three subsidiaries in FOR COMPANY AND FOR COUNTRY: BOEING AND US-CHINA RELATIONS When Henry Kissinger embarked on his secret mission in 1971 to lay the groundwork for President Richard Nixon’s historic trip to China, he was shuttled from Islamabad to Beijing in a Boeing 707. When Chinese President Xi Jinping arrived in Washington, DC in 2015 for a state visit, he stepped off a retrofitted Boeing 747 emblazoned Continue reading "For Company and For Country: Boeing and

ABOUT - MACROPOLO

At MacroPolo, we are building a truly 21st century think tank. Instead of long research papers, we specialize in thoughtfully designed digital interactives as well as dynamic content and databases. Our multinational team of experts provides timely commentary, valuable insights, and best-in-class research to market participants, corporate leaders, and policymakers. CHINA ENERGY 2025: SETTING COURSE FOR PEAK EMISSIONS This chapter is part of the China Forecast 2025 report – read the Foreword and download the PDF here. Our call: By 2025, China will be close to achieving peak emissions as a result of more ambitious actions to bolster renewables, pivot toward market mechanisms, and enhanced energy efficiency measures. CHINA TECHNOLOGY FORECAST IN 2025: FRAGILE TECH SUPERPOWER This chapter is part of the China Forecast 2025 report – read the Foreword and download the PDF here. Our call: By 2025, China’s technology ecosystem will have matured and be on par with Silicon Valley in terms of dynamism, innovation, and competitiveness. HERE ARE BEIJING'S PRIORITIES FOR THE CENTRAL ECONOMIC These signs point to a Beijing that is prepared to reorder the priorities for 2020 because it now deems the deleveraging schedule to be too aggressive. The CEWC will offer more clarity on how much Beijing may moderate the pace and scope of its deleveraging campaign. Houze Song is a research fellow at MacroPolo. MORE MONEY FOR MARXIST THEORY IN CHINA’S SOCIAL SCIENCE More Problems, More Money. Xi has rapidly increased spending on social science research. NOPSS spending on NSSF grants jumped 44.3% from 1.8 billion yuan ($257.6 million) in 2015 to 2.6 billion yuan ($371.9 million) in 2019 (see Figure 1). Grants can reach 800,000 yuan ($116,000) but currently average about 470,000 yuan ($68,000). INTRO: CHINA'S AI DREAM Intro: China’s AI Dream. The Chinese government has stated its intention to turn China into “the world’s primary AI innovation center” by 2030.If China were to meet that goal, it would have a profound impact on the global economy, geopolitical order, and everyday life for citizens around the world. THE TIES THAT BIND: HOW XI JINPING GOT HIS POLITBURO Ties That Bind: Xi’s People on the Politburo. Leaders prefer to work with people they trust. When American presidents, corporate executives, and major-league coaches begin their tenures, they often bring a whole new leadership team with them to help run the show. But this dynamic rises to another level behind the closed doors of Chinese

politics.

WAITING FOR ELECTRIC BUSES: COMPETITION AND COMPLEXITY IN As competition for passenger electric vehicles (EVs) heats up in the US market, electric buses (e-buses) remain a largely overlooked segment. But its market dynamics are such that competition is set to intensify, particularly between a globally established FOR COMPANY AND FOR COUNTRY: BOEING AND US-CHINA RELATIONS When Henry Kissinger embarked on his secret mission in 1971 to lay the groundwork for President Richard Nixon’s historic trip to China, he was shuttled from Islamabad to Beijing in a Boeing 707. When Chinese President Xi Jinping arrived in Washington, DC in 2015 for a state visit, he stepped off a retrofitted Boeing 747 emblazoned Continue reading "For Company and For Country: Boeing and GUOXUAN HIGH-TECH CO., LTD. Guoxuan High-Tech is a lithium battery supplier to a number of electric and hybrid vehicle manufacturers in China. A recent Xinhua survey ranked it second among Chinese lithium battery companies in an overall ranking that considers company market share, profitability, corporate governance, and brand recognition. The company recently raised another round of funding for its HOME - MACROPOLOCOMMENTARYDIGITAL PROJECTSANALYSISMULTIMEDIAABOUTCASE

STUDIES

Rare Earths Monopoly No More. China loses grip on production but focuses on technology supply chain. prev. next. MacroPolo is the in-house think tank of the Paulson Institute. We decode China’s economic arrival in various forms: ABOUT - MACROPOLOACCESSIBILITYEDUCATIONTWO FENABOUT THE CHINA FOOTPRINTPAPERSKNOW THE NUMBERS At MacroPolo, we are building a truly 21st century think tank. Instead of long research papers, we specialize in thoughtfully designed digital interactives as well as dynamic content and databases. Our multinational team of experts provides timely commentary, valuable insights, and best-in-class research to market participants, corporate leaders, and policymakers.

THE COMMITTEE

The Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is the locus of political power in China. It includes the rulers of today and the leaders of tomorrow. This product currently contains bilingual biographical data, as well as work histories and career overlaps, for all Committee members (there may be gaps in timelines as a THE GLOBAL AI TALENT TRACKER Countries, companies, and institutions around the world are mobilizing to apply the power of artificial intelligence (AI) to an enormous range of economic and social problems. That application requires bringing together several key inputs: research and engineering talent, data, computational power, and a healthy innovation ecosystem. Talent is one of the most important—and the most

INSIDE AN AI CHIP

All chips are semiconductors, and AI chips is a specific segment of semiconductors expected to see significant future growth. These AI chips typically come in the form of a “system-on-chip” (SoC). That is, a computer chip that contains multiple functions beyond the central processing unit (CPU) that is the workhorse for all basic computing functions. Continue reading "Inside an AI Chip" DAMIEN MA - MACROPOLO Damien Ma is Managing Director and co-founder of MacroPolo, the Think Tank of the Paulson Institute. He is the author or editor of the books, In Line Behind a Billion People: How Scarcity Will Define China’s Ascent in the Next Decade, The Economics of Air Pollution in China (by Ma Jun), and China’s Economic Arrival: Decoding a Disruptive Rise, published

MATT SHEEHAN

Matt Sheehan is a Fellow at the Paulson Institute’s think tank, MacroPolo, where he leads work on U.S.-China technology issues, with a specialization in artificial intelligence. His research maps and quantifies the key inputs to AI ecosystems globally. Matt is the author of the book The Transpacific Experiment: How China and California Collaborate and Compete for our HOW CHINESE REAL ESTATE MONEY IS TRANSFORMING THE SAN Nestled inside the Golden Gate Bridge, and up against the northwest shores of the San Francisco Bay, Angel Island offers visitors two snapshots of Chinese arrivals in the United States, taken a century apart. In the early 20th century, Chinese immigrants barred from entering America by the Chinese Exclusion Act were detained and interrogated at Continue reading "How Chinese Real Estate

CHINA TIANYING INC.

China Tianying is principally engaged in waste power generation projects, using both the build, operate and own (BOO) and build, operate, and transfer (BOT) models. As of 2016, the company operates seven projects across China with another 10 projects under construction. The company started its global expansion aggressively in 2016, having established three subsidiaries in FOR COMPANY AND FOR COUNTRY: BOEING AND US-CHINA RELATIONS When Henry Kissinger embarked on his secret mission in 1971 to lay the groundwork for President Richard Nixon’s historic trip to China, he was shuttled from Islamabad to Beijing in a Boeing 707. When Chinese President Xi Jinping arrived in Washington, DC in 2015 for a state visit, he stepped off a retrofitted Boeing 747 emblazoned Continue reading "For Company and For Country: Boeing and HOME - MACROPOLOCOMMENTARYDIGITAL PROJECTSANALYSISMULTIMEDIAABOUTCASE

STUDIES

Rare Earths Monopoly No More. China loses grip on production but focuses on technology supply chain. prev. next. MacroPolo is the in-house think tank of the Paulson Institute. We decode China’s economic arrival in various forms: ABOUT - MACROPOLOACCESSIBILITYEDUCATIONTWO FENABOUT THE CHINA FOOTPRINTPAPERSKNOW THE NUMBERS At MacroPolo, we are building a truly 21st century think tank. Instead of long research papers, we specialize in thoughtfully designed digital interactives as well as dynamic content and databases. Our multinational team of experts provides timely commentary, valuable insights, and best-in-class research to market participants, corporate leaders, and policymakers.

THE COMMITTEE

The Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is the locus of political power in China. It includes the rulers of today and the leaders of tomorrow. This product currently contains bilingual biographical data, as well as work histories and career overlaps, for all Committee members (there may be gaps in timelines as a THE GLOBAL AI TALENT TRACKER Countries, companies, and institutions around the world are mobilizing to apply the power of artificial intelligence (AI) to an enormous range of economic and social problems. That application requires bringing together several key inputs: research and engineering talent, data, computational power, and a healthy innovation ecosystem. Talent is one of the most important—and the most

INSIDE AN AI CHIP

All chips are semiconductors, and AI chips is a specific segment of semiconductors expected to see significant future growth. These AI chips typically come in the form of a “system-on-chip” (SoC). That is, a computer chip that contains multiple functions beyond the central processing unit (CPU) that is the workhorse for all basic computing functions. Continue reading "Inside an AI Chip" DAMIEN MA - MACROPOLO Damien Ma is Managing Director and co-founder of MacroPolo, the Think Tank of the Paulson Institute. He is the author or editor of the books, In Line Behind a Billion People: How Scarcity Will Define China’s Ascent in the Next Decade, The Economics of Air Pollution in China (by Ma Jun), and China’s Economic Arrival: Decoding a Disruptive Rise, published

MATT SHEEHAN

Matt Sheehan is a Fellow at the Paulson Institute’s think tank, MacroPolo, where he leads work on U.S.-China technology issues, with a specialization in artificial intelligence. His research maps and quantifies the key inputs to AI ecosystems globally. Matt is the author of the book The Transpacific Experiment: How China and California Collaborate and Compete for our HOW CHINESE REAL ESTATE MONEY IS TRANSFORMING THE SAN Nestled inside the Golden Gate Bridge, and up against the northwest shores of the San Francisco Bay, Angel Island offers visitors two snapshots of Chinese arrivals in the United States, taken a century apart. In the early 20th century, Chinese immigrants barred from entering America by the Chinese Exclusion Act were detained and interrogated at Continue reading "How Chinese Real Estate

CHINA TIANYING INC.

China Tianying is principally engaged in waste power generation projects, using both the build, operate and own (BOO) and build, operate, and transfer (BOT) models. As of 2016, the company operates seven projects across China with another 10 projects under construction. The company started its global expansion aggressively in 2016, having established three subsidiaries in FOR COMPANY AND FOR COUNTRY: BOEING AND US-CHINA RELATIONS When Henry Kissinger embarked on his secret mission in 1971 to lay the groundwork for President Richard Nixon’s historic trip to China, he was shuttled from Islamabad to Beijing in a Boeing 707. When Chinese President Xi Jinping arrived in Washington, DC in 2015 for a state visit, he stepped off a retrofitted Boeing 747 emblazoned Continue reading "For Company and For Country: Boeing and

ABOUT - MACROPOLO

At MacroPolo, we are building a truly 21st century think tank. Instead of long research papers, we specialize in thoughtfully designed digital interactives as well as dynamic content and databases. Our multinational team of experts provides timely commentary, valuable insights, and best-in-class research to market participants, corporate leaders, and policymakers. CHINA ENERGY 2025: SETTING COURSE FOR PEAK EMISSIONS This chapter is part of the China Forecast 2025 report – read the Foreword and download the PDF here. Our call: By 2025, China will be close to achieving peak emissions as a result of more ambitious actions to bolster renewables, pivot toward market mechanisms, and enhanced energy efficiency measures. CHINA TECHNOLOGY FORECAST IN 2025: FRAGILE TECH SUPERPOWER This chapter is part of the China Forecast 2025 report – read the Foreword and download the PDF here. Our call: By 2025, China’s technology ecosystem will have matured and be on par with Silicon Valley in terms of dynamism, innovation, and competitiveness. HERE ARE BEIJING'S PRIORITIES FOR THE CENTRAL ECONOMIC These signs point to a Beijing that is prepared to reorder the priorities for 2020 because it now deems the deleveraging schedule to be too aggressive. The CEWC will offer more clarity on how much Beijing may moderate the pace and scope of its deleveraging campaign. Houze Song is a research fellow at MacroPolo. MORE MONEY FOR MARXIST THEORY IN CHINA’S SOCIAL SCIENCE More Problems, More Money. Xi has rapidly increased spending on social science research. NOPSS spending on NSSF grants jumped 44.3% from 1.8 billion yuan ($257.6 million) in 2015 to 2.6 billion yuan ($371.9 million) in 2019 (see Figure 1). Grants can reach 800,000 yuan ($116,000) but currently average about 470,000 yuan ($68,000). INTRO: CHINA'S AI DREAM Intro: China’s AI Dream. The Chinese government has stated its intention to turn China into “the world’s primary AI innovation center” by 2030.If China were to meet that goal, it would have a profound impact on the global economy, geopolitical order, and everyday life for citizens around the world. THE TIES THAT BIND: HOW XI JINPING GOT HIS POLITBURO Ties That Bind: Xi’s People on the Politburo. Leaders prefer to work with people they trust. When American presidents, corporate executives, and major-league coaches begin their tenures, they often bring a whole new leadership team with them to help run the show. But this dynamic rises to another level behind the closed doors of Chinese

politics.

WAITING FOR ELECTRIC BUSES: COMPETITION AND COMPLEXITY IN As competition for passenger electric vehicles (EVs) heats up in the US market, electric buses (e-buses) remain a largely overlooked segment. But its market dynamics are such that competition is set to intensify, particularly between a globally established FOR COMPANY AND FOR COUNTRY: BOEING AND US-CHINA RELATIONS When Henry Kissinger embarked on his secret mission in 1971 to lay the groundwork for President Richard Nixon’s historic trip to China, he was shuttled from Islamabad to Beijing in a Boeing 707. When Chinese President Xi Jinping arrived in Washington, DC in 2015 for a state visit, he stepped off a retrofitted Boeing 747 emblazoned Continue reading "For Company and For Country: Boeing and GUOXUAN HIGH-TECH CO., LTD. Guoxuan High-Tech is a lithium battery supplier to a number of electric and hybrid vehicle manufacturers in China. A recent Xinhua survey ranked it second among Chinese lithium battery companies in an overall ranking that considers company market share, profitability, corporate governance, and brand recognition. The company recently raised another round of funding for its HOME - MACROPOLOCOMMENTARYDIGITAL PROJECTSANALYSISMULTIMEDIAABOUTCASE

STUDIES

Rare Earths Monopoly No More. China loses grip on production but focuses on technology supply chain. prev. next. MacroPolo is the in-house think tank of the Paulson Institute. We decode China’s economic arrival in various forms: ABOUT - MACROPOLOACCESSIBILITYEDUCATIONTWO FENABOUT THE CHINA FOOTPRINTPAPERSKNOW THE NUMBERS At MacroPolo, we are building a truly 21st century think tank. Instead of long research papers, we specialize in thoughtfully designed digital interactives as well as dynamic content and databases. Our multinational team of experts provides timely commentary, valuable insights, and best-in-class research to market participants, corporate leaders, and policymakers.

THE COMMITTEE

The Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is the locus of political power in China. It includes the rulers of today and the leaders of tomorrow. This product currently contains bilingual biographical data, as well as work histories and career overlaps, for all Committee members (there may be gaps in timelines as a THE GLOBAL AI TALENT TRACKER Countries, companies, and institutions around the world are mobilizing to apply the power of artificial intelligence (AI) to an enormous range of economic and social problems. That application requires bringing together several key inputs: research and engineering talent, data, computational power, and a healthy innovation ecosystem. Talent is one of the most important—and the most

INSIDE AN AI CHIP

All chips are semiconductors, and AI chips is a specific segment of semiconductors expected to see significant future growth. These AI chips typically come in the form of a “system-on-chip” (SoC). That is, a computer chip that contains multiple functions beyond the central processing unit (CPU) that is the workhorse for all basic computing functions. Continue reading "Inside an AI Chip" DAMIEN MA - MACROPOLO Damien Ma is Managing Director and co-founder of MacroPolo, the Think Tank of the Paulson Institute. He is the author or editor of the books, In Line Behind a Billion People: How Scarcity Will Define China’s Ascent in the Next Decade, The Economics of Air Pollution in China (by Ma Jun), and China’s Economic Arrival: Decoding a Disruptive Rise, published

MATT SHEEHAN

Matt Sheehan is a Fellow at the Paulson Institute’s think tank, MacroPolo, where he leads work on U.S.-China technology issues, with a specialization in artificial intelligence. His research maps and quantifies the key inputs to AI ecosystems globally. Matt is the author of the book The Transpacific Experiment: How China and California Collaborate and Compete for our HOW CHINESE REAL ESTATE MONEY IS TRANSFORMING THE SAN Nestled inside the Golden Gate Bridge, and up against the northwest shores of the San Francisco Bay, Angel Island offers visitors two snapshots of Chinese arrivals in the United States, taken a century apart. In the early 20th century, Chinese immigrants barred from entering America by the Chinese Exclusion Act were detained and interrogated at Continue reading "How Chinese Real Estate

CHINA TIANYING INC.

China Tianying is principally engaged in waste power generation projects, using both the build, operate and own (BOO) and build, operate, and transfer (BOT) models. As of 2016, the company operates seven projects across China with another 10 projects under construction. The company started its global expansion aggressively in 2016, having established three subsidiaries in FOR COMPANY AND FOR COUNTRY: BOEING AND US-CHINA RELATIONS When Henry Kissinger embarked on his secret mission in 1971 to lay the groundwork for President Richard Nixon’s historic trip to China, he was shuttled from Islamabad to Beijing in a Boeing 707. When Chinese President Xi Jinping arrived in Washington, DC in 2015 for a state visit, he stepped off a retrofitted Boeing 747 emblazoned Continue reading "For Company and For Country: Boeing and HOME - MACROPOLOCOMMENTARYDIGITAL PROJECTSANALYSISMULTIMEDIAABOUTCASE

STUDIES

Rare Earths Monopoly No More. China loses grip on production but focuses on technology supply chain. prev. next. MacroPolo is the in-house think tank of the Paulson Institute. We decode China’s economic arrival in various forms: ABOUT - MACROPOLOACCESSIBILITYEDUCATIONTWO FENABOUT THE CHINA FOOTPRINTPAPERSKNOW THE NUMBERS At MacroPolo, we are building a truly 21st century think tank. Instead of long research papers, we specialize in thoughtfully designed digital interactives as well as dynamic content and databases. Our multinational team of experts provides timely commentary, valuable insights, and best-in-class research to market participants, corporate leaders, and policymakers.

THE COMMITTEE

The Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is the locus of political power in China. It includes the rulers of today and the leaders of tomorrow. This product currently contains bilingual biographical data, as well as work histories and career overlaps, for all Committee members (there may be gaps in timelines as a THE GLOBAL AI TALENT TRACKER Countries, companies, and institutions around the world are mobilizing to apply the power of artificial intelligence (AI) to an enormous range of economic and social problems. That application requires bringing together several key inputs: research and engineering talent, data, computational power, and a healthy innovation ecosystem. Talent is one of the most important—and the most

INSIDE AN AI CHIP

All chips are semiconductors, and AI chips is a specific segment of semiconductors expected to see significant future growth. These AI chips typically come in the form of a “system-on-chip” (SoC). That is, a computer chip that contains multiple functions beyond the central processing unit (CPU) that is the workhorse for all basic computing functions. Continue reading "Inside an AI Chip" DAMIEN MA - MACROPOLO Damien Ma is Managing Director and co-founder of MacroPolo, the Think Tank of the Paulson Institute. He is the author or editor of the books, In Line Behind a Billion People: How Scarcity Will Define China’s Ascent in the Next Decade, The Economics of Air Pollution in China (by Ma Jun), and China’s Economic Arrival: Decoding a Disruptive Rise, published

MATT SHEEHAN

Matt Sheehan is a Fellow at the Paulson Institute’s think tank, MacroPolo, where he leads work on U.S.-China technology issues, with a specialization in artificial intelligence. His research maps and quantifies the key inputs to AI ecosystems globally. Matt is the author of the book The Transpacific Experiment: How China and California Collaborate and Compete for our HOW CHINESE REAL ESTATE MONEY IS TRANSFORMING THE SAN Nestled inside the Golden Gate Bridge, and up against the northwest shores of the San Francisco Bay, Angel Island offers visitors two snapshots of Chinese arrivals in the United States, taken a century apart. In the early 20th century, Chinese immigrants barred from entering America by the Chinese Exclusion Act were detained and interrogated at Continue reading "How Chinese Real Estate

CHINA TIANYING INC.

China Tianying is principally engaged in waste power generation projects, using both the build, operate and own (BOO) and build, operate, and transfer (BOT) models. As of 2016, the company operates seven projects across China with another 10 projects under construction. The company started its global expansion aggressively in 2016, having established three subsidiaries in FOR COMPANY AND FOR COUNTRY: BOEING AND US-CHINA RELATIONS When Henry Kissinger embarked on his secret mission in 1971 to lay the groundwork for President Richard Nixon’s historic trip to China, he was shuttled from Islamabad to Beijing in a Boeing 707. When Chinese President Xi Jinping arrived in Washington, DC in 2015 for a state visit, he stepped off a retrofitted Boeing 747 emblazoned Continue reading "For Company and For Country: Boeing and

ABOUT - MACROPOLO

At MacroPolo, we are building a truly 21st century think tank. Instead of long research papers, we specialize in thoughtfully designed digital interactives as well as dynamic content and databases. Our multinational team of experts provides timely commentary, valuable insights, and best-in-class research to market participants, corporate leaders, and policymakers. CHINA ENERGY 2025: SETTING COURSE FOR PEAK EMISSIONS This chapter is part of the China Forecast 2025 report – read the Foreword and download the PDF here. Our call: By 2025, China will be close to achieving peak emissions as a result of more ambitious actions to bolster renewables, pivot toward market mechanisms, and enhanced energy efficiency measures. CHINA TECHNOLOGY FORECAST IN 2025: FRAGILE TECH SUPERPOWER This chapter is part of the China Forecast 2025 report – read the Foreword and download the PDF here. Our call: By 2025, China’s technology ecosystem will have matured and be on par with Silicon Valley in terms of dynamism, innovation, and competitiveness. HERE ARE BEIJING'S PRIORITIES FOR THE CENTRAL ECONOMIC These signs point to a Beijing that is prepared to reorder the priorities for 2020 because it now deems the deleveraging schedule to be too aggressive. The CEWC will offer more clarity on how much Beijing may moderate the pace and scope of its deleveraging campaign. Houze Song is a research fellow at MacroPolo. MORE MONEY FOR MARXIST THEORY IN CHINA’S SOCIAL SCIENCE More Problems, More Money. Xi has rapidly increased spending on social science research. NOPSS spending on NSSF grants jumped 44.3% from 1.8 billion yuan ($257.6 million) in 2015 to 2.6 billion yuan ($371.9 million) in 2019 (see Figure 1). Grants can reach 800,000 yuan ($116,000) but currently average about 470,000 yuan ($68,000). INTRO: CHINA'S AI DREAM Intro: China’s AI Dream. The Chinese government has stated its intention to turn China into “the world’s primary AI innovation center” by 2030.If China were to meet that goal, it would have a profound impact on the global economy, geopolitical order, and everyday life for citizens around the world. THE TIES THAT BIND: HOW XI JINPING GOT HIS POLITBURO Ties That Bind: Xi’s People on the Politburo. Leaders prefer to work with people they trust. When American presidents, corporate executives, and major-league coaches begin their tenures, they often bring a whole new leadership team with them to help run the show. But this dynamic rises to another level behind the closed doors of Chinese

politics.

WAITING FOR ELECTRIC BUSES: COMPETITION AND COMPLEXITY IN As competition for passenger electric vehicles (EVs) heats up in the US market, electric buses (e-buses) remain a largely overlooked segment. But its market dynamics are such that competition is set to intensify, particularly between a globally established FOR COMPANY AND FOR COUNTRY: BOEING AND US-CHINA RELATIONS When Henry Kissinger embarked on his secret mission in 1971 to lay the groundwork for President Richard Nixon’s historic trip to China, he was shuttled from Islamabad to Beijing in a Boeing 707. When Chinese President Xi Jinping arrived in Washington, DC in 2015 for a state visit, he stepped off a retrofitted Boeing 747 emblazoned Continue reading "For Company and For Country: Boeing and GUOXUAN HIGH-TECH CO., LTD. Guoxuan High-Tech is a lithium battery supplier to a number of electric and hybrid vehicle manufacturers in China. A recent Xinhua survey ranked it second among Chinese lithium battery companies in an overall ranking that considers company market share, profitability, corporate governance, and brand recognition. The company recently raised another round of funding for its HOME - MACROPOLOCOMMENTARYDIGITAL PROJECTSANALYSISMULTIMEDIAABOUTCASE

STUDIES

Rare Earths Monopoly No More. China loses grip on production but focuses on technology supply chain. prev. next. MacroPolo is the in-house think tank of the Paulson Institute. We decode China’s economic arrival in various forms: ABOUT - MACROPOLOACCESSIBILITYEDUCATIONTWO FENABOUT THE CHINA FOOTPRINTPAPERSKNOW THE NUMBERS At MacroPolo, we are building a truly 21st century think tank. Instead of long research papers, we specialize in thoughtfully designed digital interactives as well as dynamic content and databases. Our multinational team of experts provides timely commentary, valuable insights, and best-in-class research to market participants, corporate leaders, and policymakers.

THE COMMITTEE

The Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is the locus of political power in China. It includes the rulers of today and the leaders of tomorrow. This product currently contains bilingual biographical data, as well as work histories and career overlaps, for all Committee members (there may be gaps in timelines as a THE GLOBAL AI TALENT TRACKER Countries, companies, and institutions around the world are mobilizing to apply the power of artificial intelligence (AI) to an enormous range of economic and social problems. That application requires bringing together several key inputs: research and engineering talent, data, computational power, and a healthy innovation ecosystem. Talent is one of the most important—and the most

INSIDE AN AI CHIP

All chips are semiconductors, and AI chips is a specific segment of semiconductors expected to see significant future growth. These AI chips typically come in the form of a “system-on-chip” (SoC). That is, a computer chip that contains multiple functions beyond the central processing unit (CPU) that is the workhorse for all basic computing functions. Continue reading "Inside an AI Chip" DAMIEN MA - MACROPOLO Damien Ma is Managing Director and co-founder of MacroPolo, the Think Tank of the Paulson Institute. He is the author or editor of the books, In Line Behind a Billion People: How Scarcity Will Define China’s Ascent in the Next Decade, The Economics of Air Pollution in China (by Ma Jun), and China’s Economic Arrival: Decoding a Disruptive Rise, published

MATT SHEEHAN

Matt Sheehan is a Fellow at the Paulson Institute’s think tank, MacroPolo, where he leads work on U.S.-China technology issues, with a specialization in artificial intelligence. His research maps and quantifies the key inputs to AI ecosystems globally. Matt is the author of the book The Transpacific Experiment: How China and California Collaborate and Compete for our HOW CHINESE REAL ESTATE MONEY IS TRANSFORMING THE SAN Nestled inside the Golden Gate Bridge, and up against the northwest shores of the San Francisco Bay, Angel Island offers visitors two snapshots of Chinese arrivals in the United States, taken a century apart. In the early 20th century, Chinese immigrants barred from entering America by the Chinese Exclusion Act were detained and interrogated at Continue reading "How Chinese Real Estate

CHINA TIANYING INC.

China Tianying is principally engaged in waste power generation projects, using both the build, operate and own (BOO) and build, operate, and transfer (BOT) models. As of 2016, the company operates seven projects across China with another 10 projects under construction. The company started its global expansion aggressively in 2016, having established three subsidiaries in FOR COMPANY AND FOR COUNTRY: BOEING AND US-CHINA RELATIONS When Henry Kissinger embarked on his secret mission in 1971 to lay the groundwork for President Richard Nixon’s historic trip to China, he was shuttled from Islamabad to Beijing in a Boeing 707. When Chinese President Xi Jinping arrived in Washington, DC in 2015 for a state visit, he stepped off a retrofitted Boeing 747 emblazoned Continue reading "For Company and For Country: Boeing and HOME - MACROPOLOCOMMENTARYDIGITAL PROJECTSANALYSISMULTIMEDIAABOUTCASE

STUDIES

Rare Earths Monopoly No More. China loses grip on production but focuses on technology supply chain. prev. next. MacroPolo is the in-house think tank of the Paulson Institute. We decode China’s economic arrival in various forms: ABOUT - MACROPOLOACCESSIBILITYEDUCATIONTWO FENABOUT THE CHINA FOOTPRINTPAPERSKNOW THE NUMBERS At MacroPolo, we are building a truly 21st century think tank. Instead of long research papers, we specialize in thoughtfully designed digital interactives as well as dynamic content and databases. Our multinational team of experts provides timely commentary, valuable insights, and best-in-class research to market participants, corporate leaders, and policymakers.

THE COMMITTEE

The Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is the locus of political power in China. It includes the rulers of today and the leaders of tomorrow. This product currently contains bilingual biographical data, as well as work histories and career overlaps, for all Committee members (there may be gaps in timelines as a THE GLOBAL AI TALENT TRACKER Countries, companies, and institutions around the world are mobilizing to apply the power of artificial intelligence (AI) to an enormous range of economic and social problems. That application requires bringing together several key inputs: research and engineering talent, data, computational power, and a healthy innovation ecosystem. Talent is one of the most important—and the most

INSIDE AN AI CHIP

All chips are semiconductors, and AI chips is a specific segment of semiconductors expected to see significant future growth. These AI chips typically come in the form of a “system-on-chip” (SoC). That is, a computer chip that contains multiple functions beyond the central processing unit (CPU) that is the workhorse for all basic computing functions. Continue reading "Inside an AI Chip" DAMIEN MA - MACROPOLO Damien Ma is Managing Director and co-founder of MacroPolo, the Think Tank of the Paulson Institute. He is the author or editor of the books, In Line Behind a Billion People: How Scarcity Will Define China’s Ascent in the Next Decade, The Economics of Air Pollution in China (by Ma Jun), and China’s Economic Arrival: Decoding a Disruptive Rise, published

MATT SHEEHAN

Matt Sheehan is a Fellow at the Paulson Institute’s think tank, MacroPolo, where he leads work on U.S.-China technology issues, with a specialization in artificial intelligence. His research maps and quantifies the key inputs to AI ecosystems globally. Matt is the author of the book The Transpacific Experiment: How China and California Collaborate and Compete for our HOW CHINESE REAL ESTATE MONEY IS TRANSFORMING THE SAN Nestled inside the Golden Gate Bridge, and up against the northwest shores of the San Francisco Bay, Angel Island offers visitors two snapshots of Chinese arrivals in the United States, taken a century apart. In the early 20th century, Chinese immigrants barred from entering America by the Chinese Exclusion Act were detained and interrogated at Continue reading "How Chinese Real Estate

CHINA TIANYING INC.

China Tianying is principally engaged in waste power generation projects, using both the build, operate and own (BOO) and build, operate, and transfer (BOT) models. As of 2016, the company operates seven projects across China with another 10 projects under construction. The company started its global expansion aggressively in 2016, having established three subsidiaries in FOR COMPANY AND FOR COUNTRY: BOEING AND US-CHINA RELATIONS When Henry Kissinger embarked on his secret mission in 1971 to lay the groundwork for President Richard Nixon’s historic trip to China, he was shuttled from Islamabad to Beijing in a Boeing 707. When Chinese President Xi Jinping arrived in Washington, DC in 2015 for a state visit, he stepped off a retrofitted Boeing 747 emblazoned Continue reading "For Company and For Country: Boeing and

ABOUT - MACROPOLO

At MacroPolo, we are building a truly 21st century think tank. Instead of long research papers, we specialize in thoughtfully designed digital interactives as well as dynamic content and databases. Our multinational team of experts provides timely commentary, valuable insights, and best-in-class research to market participants, corporate leaders, and policymakers. CHINA ENERGY 2025: SETTING COURSE FOR PEAK EMISSIONS This chapter is part of the China Forecast 2025 report – read the Foreword and download the PDF here. Our call: By 2025, China will be close to achieving peak emissions as a result of more ambitious actions to bolster renewables, pivot toward market mechanisms, and enhanced energy efficiency measures. CHINA TECHNOLOGY FORECAST IN 2025: FRAGILE TECH SUPERPOWER This chapter is part of the China Forecast 2025 report – read the Foreword and download the PDF here. Our call: By 2025, China’s technology ecosystem will have matured and be on par with Silicon Valley in terms of dynamism, innovation, and competitiveness. HERE ARE BEIJING'S PRIORITIES FOR THE CENTRAL ECONOMIC These signs point to a Beijing that is prepared to reorder the priorities for 2020 because it now deems the deleveraging schedule to be too aggressive. The CEWC will offer more clarity on how much Beijing may moderate the pace and scope of its deleveraging campaign. Houze Song is a research fellow at MacroPolo. MORE MONEY FOR MARXIST THEORY IN CHINA’S SOCIAL SCIENCE More Problems, More Money. Xi has rapidly increased spending on social science research. NOPSS spending on NSSF grants jumped 44.3% from 1.8 billion yuan ($257.6 million) in 2015 to 2.6 billion yuan ($371.9 million) in 2019 (see Figure 1). Grants can reach 800,000 yuan ($116,000) but currently average about 470,000 yuan ($68,000). INTRO: CHINA'S AI DREAM Intro: China’s AI Dream. The Chinese government has stated its intention to turn China into “the world’s primary AI innovation center” by 2030.If China were to meet that goal, it would have a profound impact on the global economy, geopolitical order, and everyday life for citizens around the world. THE TIES THAT BIND: HOW XI JINPING GOT HIS POLITBURO Ties That Bind: Xi’s People on the Politburo. Leaders prefer to work with people they trust. When American presidents, corporate executives, and major-league coaches begin their tenures, they often bring a whole new leadership team with them to help run the show. But this dynamic rises to another level behind the closed doors of Chinese

politics.

WAITING FOR ELECTRIC BUSES: COMPETITION AND COMPLEXITY IN As competition for passenger electric vehicles (EVs) heats up in the US market, electric buses (e-buses) remain a largely overlooked segment. But its market dynamics are such that competition is set to intensify, particularly between a globally established FOR COMPANY AND FOR COUNTRY: BOEING AND US-CHINA RELATIONS When Henry Kissinger embarked on his secret mission in 1971 to lay the groundwork for President Richard Nixon’s historic trip to China, he was shuttled from Islamabad to Beijing in a Boeing 707. When Chinese President Xi Jinping arrived in Washington, DC in 2015 for a state visit, he stepped off a retrofitted Boeing 747 emblazoned Continue reading "For Company and For Country: Boeing and GUOXUAN HIGH-TECH CO., LTD. Guoxuan High-Tech is a lithium battery supplier to a number of electric and hybrid vehicle manufacturers in China. A recent Xinhua survey ranked it second among Chinese lithium battery companies in an overall ranking that considers company market share, profitability, corporate governance, and brand recognition. The company recently raised another round of funding for its

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Macro Outlook

2Q economic recovery will look more U-shaped.

Supply Chain Jigsaw

Piecing together the future global economy.

Anecdotes: Hao Wu

The filmmaker shares his experience documenting China’s “loser

generation”.

New Energy, New Uncertainties China’s solar and EV industries may see less state and more market

post-Covid19.

Apps Battle

China is gaining on America in emerging markets.

Macro Outlook

2Q economic recovery will look more U-shaped.

Supply Chain Jigsaw

Piecing together the future global economy.

Anecdotes: Hao Wu

The filmmaker shares his experience documenting China’s “loser

generation”.

New Energy, New Uncertainties China’s solar and EV industries may see less state and more market

post-Covid19.

Apps Battle

China is gaining on America in emerging markets.

Macro Outlook

2Q economic recovery will look more U-shaped.

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