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ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : RHEL BOOT SEQUENCE Example if we want to start a database when our server boots up we can add a script in /etc/rc.d/rc.local to start a database. Having a brief idea about boot sequence for Linux, lets see the content of GRUB config file. /boot/grub/grub.conf. The GRUB file in RHEL is present in /boot/grub/grub.conf. Following is the content of this file. ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : LINUX SUPERBLOCK You can use any one of the following command to find out the superblock location: mke2fs - Create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem. dumpe2fs - dump ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem information. Open a command-line terminal (select Applications > Accessories > Terminal), and then type the following command (alternatively you can boot from rescue or Live Linux CD and type the same ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : SUBNETTING Octet = An octet is simply a group of 8 numbers. The IP address 191.168.1.1 has four octets: 191, 168, 1, and 1. I know I said there are 8 numbers and I only showed you ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : NFS CONFIGURATION This blog is dedicated to Linux lovers, Please share your Linux experience and make things better. ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : LINUX USER DISK QUOTA IMPLEMENTATION What is disk quota? Ans : Disk quota is nothing but restricting the disk-space usage to the users.We have to remember one thing when we are dealing with disk quota i.e Disk Quota can be applied only on disks/partitions not on files and folders.. So how we can implementdisk quota?
ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : HOW TO CHECK LINUX DISK FAILED First, make sure S.M.A.R.T. support is enabled in the BIOS. Next, run the following command to see if your hard disks support S.M.A.R.T technology or not: # smartctl -i /dev/sdb. To enable SMART, run: # smartctl -s on -d ata /dev/sdb. ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE Features RAID 0 RAID 1 RAID 1E RAID 5 RAID 5EE Minimum # Drives 2 2 3 3 4 Data Protection No Protection Single-drive failure Single-dri ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE ### Sudo Users ### If a server needs to be administered by a number of people, it is normally not a good idea for them all to use the rootaccount.
ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : 2012 This is a quick and dirty cheat sheet on LVM using Linux, I have highlighted many of the common attributes for each command howeverthis is not
ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE Let's try sftp. Raw. $ sftp user1@server Connected to server. sftp> pwd Remote working directory: /home sftp> cd /etc Couldn't canonicalize: No such file or directory sftp>. OK, the user can successfully connect via sftp and they are still restricted to their "home" directory. Make sure a regular user canstill log in via
ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : RHEL BOOT SEQUENCE Example if we want to start a database when our server boots up we can add a script in /etc/rc.d/rc.local to start a database. Having a brief idea about boot sequence for Linux, lets see the content of GRUB config file. /boot/grub/grub.conf. The GRUB file in RHEL is present in /boot/grub/grub.conf. Following is the content of this file. ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : LINUX SUPERBLOCK You can use any one of the following command to find out the superblock location: mke2fs - Create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem. dumpe2fs - dump ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem information. Open a command-line terminal (select Applications > Accessories > Terminal), and then type the following command (alternatively you can boot from rescue or Live Linux CD and type the same ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : SUBNETTING Octet = An octet is simply a group of 8 numbers. The IP address 191.168.1.1 has four octets: 191, 168, 1, and 1. I know I said there are 8 numbers and I only showed you ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : NFS CONFIGURATION This blog is dedicated to Linux lovers, Please share your Linux experience and make things better. ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : LINUX USER DISK QUOTA IMPLEMENTATION What is disk quota? Ans : Disk quota is nothing but restricting the disk-space usage to the users.We have to remember one thing when we are dealing with disk quota i.e Disk Quota can be applied only on disks/partitions not on files and folders.. So how we can implementdisk quota?
ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : HOW TO CHECK LINUX DISK FAILED First, make sure S.M.A.R.T. support is enabled in the BIOS. Next, run the following command to see if your hard disks support S.M.A.R.T technology or not: # smartctl -i /dev/sdb. To enable SMART, run: # smartctl -s on -d ata /dev/sdb. ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE Features RAID 0 RAID 1 RAID 1E RAID 5 RAID 5EE Minimum # Drives 2 2 3 3 4 Data Protection No Protection Single-drive failure Single-dri ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE ### Sudo Users ### If a server needs to be administered by a number of people, it is normally not a good idea for them all to use the rootaccount.
ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : 2012 This is a quick and dirty cheat sheet on LVM using Linux, I have highlighted many of the common attributes for each command howeverthis is not
ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : 2015 This sar output shows that the total number of transfers per second (TPS) holds around 300.rd_sec/smeasures the number of read sectors per second, and each sector is 512 bytes.Divide the rd_sec/sby the tps, and you have the number of sectors in each transfer.In this case, the average is 1024 sectors at 512 bytes each. This puts the average SCSI block size at 512KB. ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : 2011 What is SGID? SGID (Set Group ID up on execution) is a special type of file permissions given to a file/folder. Normally in Linux/Unix when a program runs, it inherits access permissions from the logged in user. SGID is defined as giving temporary permissions to a user to run a program/file with the permissions of the file group permissions to become member of that group to execute the file. ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : SUBNETTING Octet = An octet is simply a group of 8 numbers. The IP address 191.168.1.1 has four octets: 191, 168, 1, and 1. I know I said there are 8 numbers and I only showed you ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : 2014 We can now start using mysqlslap. mysqlslap can be invoked from a regular shell prompt so there's no need to explicitly log in to MySQL. For this tutorial, though, we will open another terminal connection to our Linux server and start a new MySQL session from there with the sysadmin user we created before, so we can check and update a few things in MySQL more easily. ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : 2013 Here are some of the useful functions of “storage” command in Netapp. 1) To show all disks on the system : Use “storage show disk -T” to display all the disks attached to the filer, the disk serial number, vendor, model, disk firmware version and type of disk (SATA/ATA/FCAL) # rsh filer12 storage show disk ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : SEPTEMBER 2014 iSCSI Hardware Initiator: a PCI-X or PCIe card, which implements the iSCSI functionality. Such a card is also called an iSCSI HBA. In the server’s operating system, such an iSCSI HBA appears to be a RAID controller or an FC HBA. With an iSCSI HBA, booting a server through iSCSI is possible. Examples are: QLogic iSCSI Adapters like the ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : LINUX USER DISK QUOTA IMPLEMENTATION What is disk quota? Ans : Disk quota is nothing but restricting the disk-space usage to the users.We have to remember one thing when we are dealing with disk quota i.e Disk Quota can be applied only on disks/partitions not on files and folders.. So how we can implementdisk quota?
ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE ### Sudo Users ### If a server needs to be administered by a number of people, it is normally not a good idea for them all to use the rootaccount.
ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : NOVEMBER 2011 Comparison Between NFSv3 and NFSv4. 1. Transport protocols. For NFSv3, the MOUNT service is normally supported over the TCP and UDPprotocols.
ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE Features RAID 0 RAID 1 RAID 1E RAID 5 RAID 5EE Minimum # Drives 2 2 3 3 4 Data Protection No Protection Single-drive failure Single-dri ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE Let's try sftp. Raw. $ sftp user1@server Connected to server. sftp> pwd Remote working directory: /home sftp> cd /etc Couldn't canonicalize: No such file or directory sftp>. OK, the user can successfully connect via sftp and they are still restricted to their "home" directory. Make sure a regular user canstill log in via
ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : LINUX SUPERBLOCK You can use any one of the following command to find out the superblock location: mke2fs - Create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem. dumpe2fs - dump ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem information. Open a command-line terminal (select Applications > Accessories > Terminal), and then type the following command (alternatively you can boot from rescue or Live Linux CD and type the same ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : SUBNETTING Octet = An octet is simply a group of 8 numbers. The IP address 191.168.1.1 has four octets: 191, 168, 1, and 1. I know I said there are 8 numbers and I only showed you ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : JANUARY 2015 Answers: 1.What are LVM1 and LVM2? LVM1 and LVM2 are the versions of LVM. LVM2 uses device mapper driver contained in 2.6 kernel version. LVM 1 was included in the 2.4 series kernels. ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : LINUX USER DISK QUOTA IMPLEMENTATION What is disk quota? Ans : Disk quota is nothing but restricting the disk-space usage to the users.We have to remember one thing when we are dealing with disk quota i.e Disk Quota can be applied only on disks/partitions not on files and folders.. So how we can implementdisk quota?
ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : HOW TO CHECK LINUX DISK FAILED First, make sure S.M.A.R.T. support is enabled in the BIOS. Next, run the following command to see if your hard disks support S.M.A.R.T technology or not: # smartctl -i /dev/sdb. To enable SMART, run: # smartctl -s on -d ata /dev/sdb. ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE Features RAID 0 RAID 1 RAID 1E RAID 5 RAID 5EE Minimum # Drives 2 2 3 3 4 Data Protection No Protection Single-drive failure Single-dri ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : 2012 This is a quick and dirty cheat sheet on LVM using Linux, I have highlighted many of the common attributes for each command howeverthis is not
ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE ### Sudo Users ### If a server needs to be administered by a number of people, it is normally not a good idea for them all to use the rootaccount.
ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : 2011 What is SGID? SGID (Set Group ID up on execution) is a special type of file permissions given to a file/folder. Normally in Linux/Unix when a program runs, it inherits access permissions from the logged in user. SGID is defined as giving temporary permissions to a user to run a program/file with the permissions of the file group permissions to become member of that group to execute the file. ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE Let's try sftp. Raw. $ sftp user1@server Connected to server. sftp> pwd Remote working directory: /home sftp> cd /etc Couldn't canonicalize: No such file or directory sftp>. OK, the user can successfully connect via sftp and they are still restricted to their "home" directory. Make sure a regular user canstill log in via
ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : LINUX SUPERBLOCK You can use any one of the following command to find out the superblock location: mke2fs - Create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem. dumpe2fs - dump ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem information. Open a command-line terminal (select Applications > Accessories > Terminal), and then type the following command (alternatively you can boot from rescue or Live Linux CD and type the same ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : SUBNETTING Octet = An octet is simply a group of 8 numbers. The IP address 191.168.1.1 has four octets: 191, 168, 1, and 1. I know I said there are 8 numbers and I only showed you ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : JANUARY 2015 Answers: 1.What are LVM1 and LVM2? LVM1 and LVM2 are the versions of LVM. LVM2 uses device mapper driver contained in 2.6 kernel version. LVM 1 was included in the 2.4 series kernels. ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : LINUX USER DISK QUOTA IMPLEMENTATION What is disk quota? Ans : Disk quota is nothing but restricting the disk-space usage to the users.We have to remember one thing when we are dealing with disk quota i.e Disk Quota can be applied only on disks/partitions not on files and folders.. So how we can implementdisk quota?
ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : 2015 This sar output shows that the total number of transfers per second (TPS) holds around 300.rd_sec/smeasures the number of read sectors per second, and each sector is 512 bytes.Divide the rd_sec/sby the tps, and you have the number of sectors in each transfer.In this case, the average is 1024 sectors at 512 bytes each. This puts the average SCSI block size at 512KB. ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : AB TOOL To benchmark the performance of your web server applications we recommend the Apache "ab" tool. The ab tool will show how many requests per second your Apache installation is capable of serving.The ab tool is a part of the Apache httpd package in CentOS and Red Hat distributions and the "apache2-utils" package in Debian. ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE 0.00 means there's no traffic on the bridge at all. In fact, between 0.00 and 1.00 means there's no backup, and an arriving car will just go right on. 1.00 means the bridge is exactly at capacity. All is still good, but if traffic gets a little heavier, things are ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : 2013 Here are some of the useful functions of “storage” command in Netapp. 1) To show all disks on the system : Use “storage show disk -T” to display all the disks attached to the filer, the disk serial number, vendor, model, disk firmware version and type of disk (SATA/ATA/FCAL) # rsh filer12 storage show disk ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : RHEL BOOT SEQUENCE Example if we want to start a database when our server boots up we can add a script in /etc/rc.d/rc.local to start a database. Having a brief idea about boot sequence for Linux, lets see the content of GRUB config file. /boot/grub/grub.conf. The GRUB file in RHEL is present in /boot/grub/grub.conf. Following is the content of this file. ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : AUGUST 2014 This blog is dedicated to Linux lovers, Please share your Linux experience and make things better. ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : LINUX BONDING To restore your slaves' MAC addresses, you need to detach them from the bond (`ifenslave -d bond0 eth0'), set them down (`ifconfig eth0 down'), unload the drivers (`rmmod 3c59x', for example) and reload them to get the MAC addresses from their eeproms. ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : MARCH 2011 This guide will help you setup a dhcp server to provide network configuration information to clients on the network. These instructions were written with Red Hat 7.x systems in mind but the basic concepts provided here can be applied to other distributions aswell.
ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : 2014 -rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 752 Mar 30 2009 Changelog -rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 6460 Oct 9 2008 employees_partitioned2.sql -rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 7624 Feb 6 2009 employees_partitioned3.sql -rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 5660 Feb 6 2009 employees_partitioned.sql -rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 3861 Nov 28 2008 employees.sql -rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 241 Jul 30 2008 load_departments.dump -rw-r--r--. 1 501 games ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : NOVEMBER 2010 SETUID:. Features: ability to execute file as owner. chmod 4760 regextest.pl - this will ensure that the perl script always executes as the user 'linuxcbt'-rwsrw---- 1 linuxcbt sales 787 Jan 13 16:08regextest.pl
ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE Let's try sftp. Raw. $ sftp user1@server Connected to server. sftp> pwd Remote working directory: /home sftp> cd /etc Couldn't canonicalize: No such file or directory sftp>. OK, the user can successfully connect via sftp and they are still restricted to their "home" directory. Make sure a regular user canstill log in via
ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : DHCP SERVER CONFIGURATION This guide will help you setup a dhcp server to provide network configuration information to clients on the network. These instructions were written with Red Hat 7.x systems in mind but the basic concepts provided here can be applied to other distributions aswell.
ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : LINUX SUPERBLOCKLINUX SUPERBLOCK REPAIRMDADM ZERO SUPERBLOCKWHAT IS A SUPERBLOCKLINUX MOUNT CAN T READ SUPERBLOCKUBUNTU MOUNT CAN T READ SUPERBLOCK You can use any one of the following command to find out the superblock location: mke2fs - Create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem. dumpe2fs - dump ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem information. Open a command-line terminal (select Applications > Accessories > Terminal), and then type the following command (alternatively you can boot from rescue or Live Linux CD and type the same ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : SUBNETTING Octet = An octet is simply a group of 8 numbers. The IP address 191.168.1.1 has four octets: 191, 168, 1, and 1. I know I said there are 8 numbers and I only showed you ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE All MySQL commands end with a semicolon; if the phrase does not end with a semicolon, the command will not execute. Also, although it is not required, MySQL commands are usually written in uppercase and databases, tables, usernames, or text are in lowercase to make them easier to distinguish. ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : SEPTEMBER 2013 1. BIOS. BIOS stands for Basic Input/Output System; Performs some system integrity checks; Searches, loads, and executes the boot loader program. It looks for ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : 2012 This is a quick and dirty cheat sheet on LVM using Linux, I have highlighted many of the common attributes for each command howeverthis is not
ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : AUGUST 2014 This blog is dedicated to Linux lovers, Please share your Linux experience and make things better. ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : SSH DSA WITHOUT PAASWD LOGIN This blog is dedicated to Linux lovers, Please share your Linux experience and make things better. ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : HOW TO CHECK LINUX DISK FAILED First, make sure S.M.A.R.T. support is enabled in the BIOS. Next, run the following command to see if your hard disks support S.M.A.R.T technology or not: # smartctl -i /dev/sdb. To enable SMART, run: # smartctl -s on -d ata /dev/sdb. ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE Let's try sftp. Raw. $ sftp user1@server Connected to server. sftp> pwd Remote working directory: /home sftp> cd /etc Couldn't canonicalize: No such file or directory sftp>. OK, the user can successfully connect via sftp and they are still restricted to their "home" directory. Make sure a regular user canstill log in via
ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : DHCP SERVER CONFIGURATION This guide will help you setup a dhcp server to provide network configuration information to clients on the network. These instructions were written with Red Hat 7.x systems in mind but the basic concepts provided here can be applied to other distributions aswell.
ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : LINUX SUPERBLOCKLINUX SUPERBLOCK REPAIRMDADM ZERO SUPERBLOCKWHAT IS A SUPERBLOCKLINUX MOUNT CAN T READ SUPERBLOCKUBUNTU MOUNT CAN T READ SUPERBLOCK You can use any one of the following command to find out the superblock location: mke2fs - Create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem. dumpe2fs - dump ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem information. Open a command-line terminal (select Applications > Accessories > Terminal), and then type the following command (alternatively you can boot from rescue or Live Linux CD and type the same ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : SUBNETTING Octet = An octet is simply a group of 8 numbers. The IP address 191.168.1.1 has four octets: 191, 168, 1, and 1. I know I said there are 8 numbers and I only showed you ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE All MySQL commands end with a semicolon; if the phrase does not end with a semicolon, the command will not execute. Also, although it is not required, MySQL commands are usually written in uppercase and databases, tables, usernames, or text are in lowercase to make them easier to distinguish. ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : SEPTEMBER 2013 1. BIOS. BIOS stands for Basic Input/Output System; Performs some system integrity checks; Searches, loads, and executes the boot loader program. It looks for ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : 2012 This is a quick and dirty cheat sheet on LVM using Linux, I have highlighted many of the common attributes for each command howeverthis is not
ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : AUGUST 2014 This blog is dedicated to Linux lovers, Please share your Linux experience and make things better. ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : SSH DSA WITHOUT PAASWD LOGIN This blog is dedicated to Linux lovers, Please share your Linux experience and make things better. ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : HOW TO CHECK LINUX DISK FAILED First, make sure S.M.A.R.T. support is enabled in the BIOS. Next, run the following command to see if your hard disks support S.M.A.R.T technology or not: # smartctl -i /dev/sdb. To enable SMART, run: # smartctl -s on -d ata /dev/sdb. ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : 2015 This sar output shows that the total number of transfers per second (TPS) holds around 300.rd_sec/smeasures the number of read sectors per second, and each sector is 512 bytes.Divide the rd_sec/sby the tps, and you have the number of sectors in each transfer.In this case, the average is 1024 sectors at 512 bytes each. This puts the average SCSI block size at 512KB. ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : AB TOOL To benchmark the performance of your web server applications we recommend the Apache "ab" tool. The ab tool will show how many requests per second your Apache installation is capable of serving.The ab tool is a part of the Apache httpd package in CentOS and Red Hat distributions and the "apache2-utils" package in Debian. ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE As noted, sar is a component of the sysstat package, which is already contained in numerous distribution files and can be easily installed, depending on the distribution file, either by yum install sysstat or apt-get install sysstat.Generally at the same time, the cron jobs will be created in /etc/cron.d/sysstat. ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE While Working on the Linux boxes , some times linux admin have to scan new storage or LUNs assign to the server from the Storage team. In Redhat linux & CentOS we can scan the LUNs either using the script ‘rescan-scsi-bus.sh’ or using the ‘/sys/class’ files without rebooting the server. ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : SEPTEMBER 2014 iSCSI Hardware Initiator: a PCI-X or PCIe card, which implements the iSCSI functionality. Such a card is also called an iSCSI HBA. In the server’s operating system, such an iSCSI HBA appears to be a RAID controller or an FC HBA. With an iSCSI HBA, booting a server through iSCSI is possible. Examples are: QLogic iSCSI Adapters like the ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : MARCH 2016 VIRT stands for the virtual size of a process, which is the sum of memory it is actually using, memory it has mapped into itself (for instance the video card's RAM for the X server), files on disk that have been mapped into it (most notably shared libraries), and memory shared with other processes. ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : LINUX BONDING To restore your slaves' MAC addresses, you need to detach them from the bond (`ifenslave -d bond0 eth0'), set them down (`ifconfig eth0 down'), unload the drivers (`rmmod 3c59x', for example) and reload them to get the MAC addresses from their eeproms. ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : 2011 What is SGID? SGID (Set Group ID up on execution) is a special type of file permissions given to a file/folder. Normally in Linux/Unix when a program runs, it inherits access permissions from the logged in user. SGID is defined as giving temporary permissions to a user to run a program/file with the permissions of the file group permissions to become member of that group to execute the file. ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : 2013 Round Robin: This is the default load balancing method. The Round Robin method passes each new connection request to the next server in line, eventually distributing connections uniformly across the array of machines being load balanced. ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : 2014 -rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 752 Mar 30 2009 Changelog -rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 6460 Oct 9 2008 employees_partitioned2.sql -rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 7624 Feb 6 2009 employees_partitioned3.sql -rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 5660 Feb 6 2009 employees_partitioned.sql -rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 3861 Nov 28 2008 employees.sql -rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 241 Jul 30 2008 load_departments.dump -rw-r--r--. 1 501 games ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE Let's try sftp. Raw. $ sftp user1@server Connected to server. sftp> pwd Remote working directory: /home sftp> cd /etc Couldn't canonicalize: No such file or directory sftp>. OK, the user can successfully connect via sftp and they are still restricted to their "home" directory. Make sure a regular user canstill log in via
ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : DHCP SERVER CONFIGURATION This guide will help you setup a dhcp server to provide network configuration information to clients on the network. These instructions were written with Red Hat 7.x systems in mind but the basic concepts provided here can be applied to other distributions aswell.
ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : LINUX SUPERBLOCKLINUX SUPERBLOCK REPAIRMDADM ZERO SUPERBLOCKWHAT IS A SUPERBLOCKLINUX MOUNT CAN T READ SUPERBLOCKUBUNTU MOUNT CAN T READ SUPERBLOCK You can use any one of the following command to find out the superblock location: mke2fs - Create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem. dumpe2fs - dump ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem information. Open a command-line terminal (select Applications > Accessories > Terminal), and then type the following command (alternatively you can boot from rescue or Live Linux CD and type the same ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : SUBNETTING Octet = An octet is simply a group of 8 numbers. The IP address 191.168.1.1 has four octets: 191, 168, 1, and 1. I know I said there are 8 numbers and I only showed you ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE All MySQL commands end with a semicolon; if the phrase does not end with a semicolon, the command will not execute. Also, although it is not required, MySQL commands are usually written in uppercase and databases, tables, usernames, or text are in lowercase to make them easier to distinguish. ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : SEPTEMBER 2013 1. BIOS. BIOS stands for Basic Input/Output System; Performs some system integrity checks; Searches, loads, and executes the boot loader program. It looks for ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : 2012 This is a quick and dirty cheat sheet on LVM using Linux, I have highlighted many of the common attributes for each command howeverthis is not
ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : AUGUST 2014 This blog is dedicated to Linux lovers, Please share your Linux experience and make things better. ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : SSH DSA WITHOUT PAASWD LOGIN This blog is dedicated to Linux lovers, Please share your Linux experience and make things better. ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : HOW TO CHECK LINUX DISK FAILED First, make sure S.M.A.R.T. support is enabled in the BIOS. Next, run the following command to see if your hard disks support S.M.A.R.T technology or not: # smartctl -i /dev/sdb. To enable SMART, run: # smartctl -s on -d ata /dev/sdb. ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE Let's try sftp. Raw. $ sftp user1@server Connected to server. sftp> pwd Remote working directory: /home sftp> cd /etc Couldn't canonicalize: No such file or directory sftp>. OK, the user can successfully connect via sftp and they are still restricted to their "home" directory. Make sure a regular user canstill log in via
ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : DHCP SERVER CONFIGURATION This guide will help you setup a dhcp server to provide network configuration information to clients on the network. These instructions were written with Red Hat 7.x systems in mind but the basic concepts provided here can be applied to other distributions aswell.
ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : LINUX SUPERBLOCKLINUX SUPERBLOCK REPAIRMDADM ZERO SUPERBLOCKWHAT IS A SUPERBLOCKLINUX MOUNT CAN T READ SUPERBLOCKUBUNTU MOUNT CAN T READ SUPERBLOCK You can use any one of the following command to find out the superblock location: mke2fs - Create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem. dumpe2fs - dump ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem information. Open a command-line terminal (select Applications > Accessories > Terminal), and then type the following command (alternatively you can boot from rescue or Live Linux CD and type the same ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : SUBNETTING Octet = An octet is simply a group of 8 numbers. The IP address 191.168.1.1 has four octets: 191, 168, 1, and 1. I know I said there are 8 numbers and I only showed you ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE All MySQL commands end with a semicolon; if the phrase does not end with a semicolon, the command will not execute. Also, although it is not required, MySQL commands are usually written in uppercase and databases, tables, usernames, or text are in lowercase to make them easier to distinguish. ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : SEPTEMBER 2013 1. BIOS. BIOS stands for Basic Input/Output System; Performs some system integrity checks; Searches, loads, and executes the boot loader program. It looks for ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : 2012 This is a quick and dirty cheat sheet on LVM using Linux, I have highlighted many of the common attributes for each command howeverthis is not
ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : AUGUST 2014 This blog is dedicated to Linux lovers, Please share your Linux experience and make things better. ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : SSH DSA WITHOUT PAASWD LOGIN This blog is dedicated to Linux lovers, Please share your Linux experience and make things better. ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : HOW TO CHECK LINUX DISK FAILED First, make sure S.M.A.R.T. support is enabled in the BIOS. Next, run the following command to see if your hard disks support S.M.A.R.T technology or not: # smartctl -i /dev/sdb. To enable SMART, run: # smartctl -s on -d ata /dev/sdb. ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : 2015 This sar output shows that the total number of transfers per second (TPS) holds around 300.rd_sec/smeasures the number of read sectors per second, and each sector is 512 bytes.Divide the rd_sec/sby the tps, and you have the number of sectors in each transfer.In this case, the average is 1024 sectors at 512 bytes each. This puts the average SCSI block size at 512KB. ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : AB TOOL To benchmark the performance of your web server applications we recommend the Apache "ab" tool. The ab tool will show how many requests per second your Apache installation is capable of serving.The ab tool is a part of the Apache httpd package in CentOS and Red Hat distributions and the "apache2-utils" package in Debian. ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE As noted, sar is a component of the sysstat package, which is already contained in numerous distribution files and can be easily installed, depending on the distribution file, either by yum install sysstat or apt-get install sysstat.Generally at the same time, the cron jobs will be created in /etc/cron.d/sysstat. ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE While Working on the Linux boxes , some times linux admin have to scan new storage or LUNs assign to the server from the Storage team. In Redhat linux & CentOS we can scan the LUNs either using the script ‘rescan-scsi-bus.sh’ or using the ‘/sys/class’ files without rebooting the server. ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : SEPTEMBER 2014 iSCSI Hardware Initiator: a PCI-X or PCIe card, which implements the iSCSI functionality. Such a card is also called an iSCSI HBA. In the server’s operating system, such an iSCSI HBA appears to be a RAID controller or an FC HBA. With an iSCSI HBA, booting a server through iSCSI is possible. Examples are: QLogic iSCSI Adapters like the ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : MARCH 2016 VIRT stands for the virtual size of a process, which is the sum of memory it is actually using, memory it has mapped into itself (for instance the video card's RAM for the X server), files on disk that have been mapped into it (most notably shared libraries), and memory shared with other processes. ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : LINUX BONDING To restore your slaves' MAC addresses, you need to detach them from the bond (`ifenslave -d bond0 eth0'), set them down (`ifconfig eth0 down'), unload the drivers (`rmmod 3c59x', for example) and reload them to get the MAC addresses from their eeproms. ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : 2011 What is SGID? SGID (Set Group ID up on execution) is a special type of file permissions given to a file/folder. Normally in Linux/Unix when a program runs, it inherits access permissions from the logged in user. SGID is defined as giving temporary permissions to a user to run a program/file with the permissions of the file group permissions to become member of that group to execute the file. ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : 2013 Round Robin: This is the default load balancing method. The Round Robin method passes each new connection request to the next server in line, eventually distributing connections uniformly across the array of machines being load balanced. ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE : 2014 -rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 752 Mar 30 2009 Changelog -rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 6460 Oct 9 2008 employees_partitioned2.sql -rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 7624 Feb 6 2009 employees_partitioned3.sql -rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 5660 Feb 6 2009 employees_partitioned.sql -rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 3861 Nov 28 2008 employees.sql -rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 241 Jul 30 2008 load_departments.dump -rw-r--r--. 1 501 games ALL ABOUT OPENSORUCE This blog is dedicated to Linux lovers, Please share your Linux experience and make things better. WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 23, 2019SFTP CHROOT
ISSUE
* Restrict chroot users to sftp connections using ssh keys without affecting normal user's access.RESOLUTION
* Configuring a SFTP server with chroot users and ssh keysSERVER SETUP
*
Create the user on the serverRaw
# useradd user1
# passwd user1
CLIENT SETUP
*
Copy the ssh key from the client to the server (The user does not have to exist on the client)Raw
$ ssh-copy-id user1@server*
Verify the ssh key works correctly from the clientRaw
$ ssh user1@server$ exit
logout
Connection to server closed.$
*
Verify that your sftp connection works without a password promptRaw
$ sftp user1@server Connected to serversftp> quit
$
_Without making any changes, USER1_ has full access and can ssh or sftp and change to any directory. We'll now make the necessary changes to chroot _USER1_ and keep them jailed and locked down to a specified directory.SERVER SETUP
*
Create a new group to add all your jailed chroot users on the serverRaw
# groupadd sftpusers*
Create a common directory for all of your jailed chroot usersRaw
# mkdir /sftp
*
Create a subdirectory for each individual user that you want tochroot
Raw
# mkdir /sftp/user1*
Create the "home" directory for the userRaw
# mkdir /sftp/user1/home*
Modify the user to add them to the new group you createdRaw
# usermod -aG sftpusers user1*
Change permission for the users chrooted "home" directory only. It's important to leave everything else with the default root permissions.Raw
# chown user1:sftpusers /sftp/user1/home/*
Modify the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file and add the following lines:Raw
Subsystem sftp internal-sftp -d /home Match Group sftpusers ChrootDirectory /sftp/%u*
Restart the sshd service*
RHEL 7:
Raw
# systemctl restart sshd*
RHEL 6
Raw
# service sshd restartCLIENT VERIFICATION
*
From the client, verify that everything is working nowRaw
$ ssh user1@server Last login: Sat Jun 25 12:54:32 2016 from 192.168.122.1 Could not chdir to home directory /home/user1: No such file or directory /bin/bash: No such file or directory Connection to server closed.$
*
The user can no longer connect via ssh. Let's try sftpRaw
$ sftp user1@server Connected to server.sftp> pwd
Remote working directory: /homesftp> cd /etc
Couldn't canonicalize: No such file or directorysftp>
*
OK, the user can successfully connect via sftp and they are still restricted to their "home" directory*
Make sure a regular user can still log in via ssh without the chrootrestrictions
Raw
$ ssh user2@server Last login: Sat Jun 25 13:49:43 2016 from 192.168.122.1$
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