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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Creating Tables for Real. Access and Context. Reads, Writes, and More. Implementing The First Requests. Accounts And New Needs. Meet The Boss. Deleting Stuff, Demonstrated. Query List Comprehensions.Remember Mnesia.
MODULES | LEARN YOU SOME ERLANG FOR GREAT GOOD!SEE MORE ON LEARNYOUSOMEERLANG.COMSTARTING OUT
The Shell. In Erlang, you can test most of your stuff in an emulator; it will run your scripts when compiled and deployed, but it will also let you edit stuff live. To start the shell in Linux, open a terminal and then type in $ erl. If you've set up everything fine, you shouldsee text like this:
BEARS, ETS, BEETS
Bears, ETS, Beets. Something we've been doing time and time again has been to implement some kind of storage device as a process. We've done fridges to store things, built regis to register processes, seen key/value stores, etc. If we were programmers doing object-oriented design, we would be having a bunch of singletons floating around, and special storage classes and whatnot. BUILDING APPLICATIONS WITH OTP Building an Application With OTP. We've now seen how to use generic servers, finite state machine, event handlers and supervisors. We've not exactly seen how to use them together to build applications and tools, though. An Erlang application is a group of related code and processes. An OTP application specifically uses OTP behaviours for its COMMON TEST FOR UNCOMMON TESTS WHO SUPERVISES THE SUPERVISORS? Restart limits. The last part of the RestartStrategy tuple is the couple of variables MaxRestart and MaxTime.The idea is basically that if more than MaxRestarts happen within MaxTime (in seconds), the supervisor just gives up on your code, shuts it down then kills itself to never return (that's how bad it is). Fortunately, that supervisor's supervisor might still have hope in its children and MNESIA AND THE ART OF REMEMBERING Mnesia And The Art of Remembering. You're the closest friend of a man with friends. Many of them. Some for a very long time, much like you. They come from all around the world, ranging from Sicily to New York. Friends pay their respects, care about you and your friend, and you both care about them back. RAGE AGAINST THE FINITE-STATE MACHINES LEARN YOU SOME ERLANG FOR GREAT GOOD!READ IT ONLINEINTRODUCTIONWHAT IS OTPERRORS AND EXCEPTIONSRECURSIONDISTRIBUNOMICON Hey there! This is Learn You Some Erlang for great good! This book is for you if you’ve got some programming experience and if you’re not too familiar with functional programming. It can still be useful if you’re too good for that, as we progressively go into more and more advanced topics. The book started as a free online guide, and youTABLE OF CONTENTS
Creating Tables for Real. Access and Context. Reads, Writes, and More. Implementing The First Requests. Accounts And New Needs. Meet The Boss. Deleting Stuff, Demonstrated. Query List Comprehensions.Remember Mnesia.
MODULES | LEARN YOU SOME ERLANG FOR GREAT GOOD!SEE MORE ON LEARNYOUSOMEERLANG.COMSTARTING OUT
The Shell. In Erlang, you can test most of your stuff in an emulator; it will run your scripts when compiled and deployed, but it will also let you edit stuff live. To start the shell in Linux, open a terminal and then type in $ erl. If you've set up everything fine, you shouldsee text like this:
BEARS, ETS, BEETS
Bears, ETS, Beets. Something we've been doing time and time again has been to implement some kind of storage device as a process. We've done fridges to store things, built regis to register processes, seen key/value stores, etc. If we were programmers doing object-oriented design, we would be having a bunch of singletons floating around, and special storage classes and whatnot. BUILDING APPLICATIONS WITH OTP Building an Application With OTP. We've now seen how to use generic servers, finite state machine, event handlers and supervisors. We've not exactly seen how to use them together to build applications and tools, though. An Erlang application is a group of related code and processes. An OTP application specifically uses OTP behaviours for its COMMON TEST FOR UNCOMMON TESTS WHO SUPERVISES THE SUPERVISORS? Restart limits. The last part of the RestartStrategy tuple is the couple of variables MaxRestart and MaxTime.The idea is basically that if more than MaxRestarts happen within MaxTime (in seconds), the supervisor just gives up on your code, shuts it down then kills itself to never return (that's how bad it is). Fortunately, that supervisor's supervisor might still have hope in its children and MNESIA AND THE ART OF REMEMBERING Mnesia And The Art of Remembering. You're the closest friend of a man with friends. Many of them. Some for a very long time, much like you. They come from all around the world, ranging from Sicily to New York. Friends pay their respects, care about you and your friend, and you both care about them back. RAGE AGAINST THE FINITE-STATE MACHINESINTRODUCTION
Now, we defined Erlang as a functional programming language, but there's also a large emphasis on concurrency and high reliability. To be able to have dozens of tasks being performed at the same time, Erlang uses the actor model, and each actor is a separate process in the virtual machine.BEARS, ETS, BEETS
Bears, ETS, Beets. Something we've been doing time and time again has been to implement some kind of storage device as a process. We've done fridges to store things, built regis to register processes, seen key/value stores, etc. If we were programmers doing object-oriented design, we would be having a bunch of singletons floating around, and special storage classes and whatnot. TYPE SPECIFICATIONS AND ERLANG Type Specifications and Erlang PLTs Are The Best Sandwiches. Back in Types (or lack thereof), I introduced Dialyzer, a tool to find type errors in Erlang.This chapter puts its full focus on Dialyzer and how to actually find some type errors with Erlang, and how to use the tool to find other types of discrepancies.CLIENTS AND SERVERS
Clients and Servers Callback to the Future. The first OTP behaviour we'll see is one of the most used ones. Its name is gen_server and it has an interface a bit similar to the one we've written with my_server in last chapter; it gives you a few functions to use it and in exchange, your module has to already have a few functions gen_serverwill use.. init
EVENT HANDLERS
Event Handlers Handle This! *pumps shotgun* There is a certain thing that I've avoided getting into in a few of the previous examples. If you look back at the reminder app, you'll see that I somehow mentioned that we could notify clients, whether they were IM, mail, etc.In the previous chapter, our trading system used io:format/2 to notify people of what was going on. TYPES (OR LACK THEREOF) Types (or lack thereof) Dynamite-strong Typing. As you might have noticed when typing in examples from Starting Out (for real), and then modules and functions from Modules and Syntax in Functions, we never needed to write the type of a variable or the type of a function.When pattern matching, the code we had written didn't have to know what it would be matched against. HIGHER ORDER FUNCTIONS 3. F = fun() -> C = A * B end, 4. F (), 5. C. In this version of the function, B is still equal to A + 1 and F will still execute fine. However, the variable C is only in the scope of the anonymous function in F. When base/1 tries to access C 's value on the last line, it only finds an unbound variable. POSTSCRIPT: TIME GOES ON Time is a very, very tricky thing. In the physical every day world, we at least have one certainty: time moves forward, and generally at a constant rate. If we start looking at fancypants physics (anything where relativity is involved, so not that fancypants), then time starts drifting and shifting around. A clock on a plane goes slowerthan a
BUILDING OTP APPLICATIONS The basic structure of the application file is simply: {application, ApplicationName, Properties}. Where ApplicationName is an atom and Properties is a list of {Key, Value} tuples describing the application. They're used by OTP to figure out what your application does and whatnot, they're all optional, but might always be useful to carry around and necessary for some tools. A SHORT VISIT TO COMMON DATA STRUCTURES Sounds like a good title. I just need one of these ribbons. For small amounts of data, there are basically two data structures that can be used. The first one is called a proplist. A proplist is any list of tuples of the form . They're a weird kind of structure because there is no other rule than that. LEARN YOU SOME ERLANG FOR GREAT GOOD!READ IT ONLINEINTRODUCTIONWHAT IS OTPERRORS AND EXCEPTIONSRECURSIONDISTRIBUNOMICON Hey there! This is Learn You Some Erlang for great good! This book is for you if you’ve got some programming experience and if you’re not too familiar with functional programming. It can still be useful if you’re too good for that, as we progressively go into more and more advanced topics. The book started as a free online guide, and youTABLE OF CONTENTS
Creating Tables for Real. Access and Context. Reads, Writes, and More. Implementing The First Requests. Accounts And New Needs. Meet The Boss. Deleting Stuff, Demonstrated. Query List Comprehensions.Remember Mnesia.
MODULES | LEARN YOU SOME ERLANG FOR GREAT GOOD!SEE MORE ON LEARNYOUSOMEERLANG.COMBEARS, ETS, BEETS
Bears, ETS, Beets. Something we've been doing time and time again has been to implement some kind of storage device as a process. We've done fridges to store things, built regis to register processes, seen key/value stores, etc. If we were programmers doing object-oriented design, we would be having a bunch of singletons floating around, and special storage classes and whatnot. RECURSION | LEARN YOU SOME ERLANG FOR GREAT GOOD!SEE MORE ON LEARNYOUSOMEERLANG.COM TYPE SPECIFICATIONS AND ERLANG Type Specifications and Erlang PLTs Are The Best Sandwiches. Back in Types (or lack thereof), I introduced Dialyzer, a tool to find type errors in Erlang.This chapter puts its full focus on Dialyzer and how to actually find some type errors with Erlang, and how to use the tool to find other types of discrepancies. MNESIA AND THE ART OF REMEMBERING Mnesia And The Art of Remembering. You're the closest friend of a man with friends. Many of them. Some for a very long time, much like you. They come from all around the world, ranging from Sicily to New York. Friends pay their respects, care about you and your friend, and you both care about them back. BUILDING APPLICATIONS WITH OTP Building an Application With OTP. We've now seen how to use generic servers, finite state machine, event handlers and supervisors. We've not exactly seen how to use them together to build applications and tools, though. An Erlang application is a group of related code and processes. An OTP application specifically uses OTP behaviours for its WHO SUPERVISES THE SUPERVISORS? Restart limits. The last part of the RestartStrategy tuple is the couple of variables MaxRestart and MaxTime.The idea is basically that if more than MaxRestarts happen within MaxTime (in seconds), the supervisor just gives up on your code, shuts it down then kills itself to never return (that's how bad it is). Fortunately, that supervisor's supervisor might still have hope in its children and A SHORT VISIT TO COMMON DATA STRUCTURES LEARN YOU SOME ERLANG FOR GREAT GOOD!READ IT ONLINEINTRODUCTIONWHAT IS OTPERRORS AND EXCEPTIONSRECURSIONDISTRIBUNOMICON Hey there! This is Learn You Some Erlang for great good! This book is for you if you’ve got some programming experience and if you’re not too familiar with functional programming. It can still be useful if you’re too good for that, as we progressively go into more and more advanced topics. The book started as a free online guide, and youTABLE OF CONTENTS
Creating Tables for Real. Access and Context. Reads, Writes, and More. Implementing The First Requests. Accounts And New Needs. Meet The Boss. Deleting Stuff, Demonstrated. Query List Comprehensions.Remember Mnesia.
MODULES | LEARN YOU SOME ERLANG FOR GREAT GOOD!SEE MORE ON LEARNYOUSOMEERLANG.COMBEARS, ETS, BEETS
Bears, ETS, Beets. Something we've been doing time and time again has been to implement some kind of storage device as a process. We've done fridges to store things, built regis to register processes, seen key/value stores, etc. If we were programmers doing object-oriented design, we would be having a bunch of singletons floating around, and special storage classes and whatnot. RECURSION | LEARN YOU SOME ERLANG FOR GREAT GOOD!SEE MORE ON LEARNYOUSOMEERLANG.COM TYPE SPECIFICATIONS AND ERLANG Type Specifications and Erlang PLTs Are The Best Sandwiches. Back in Types (or lack thereof), I introduced Dialyzer, a tool to find type errors in Erlang.This chapter puts its full focus on Dialyzer and how to actually find some type errors with Erlang, and how to use the tool to find other types of discrepancies. MNESIA AND THE ART OF REMEMBERING Mnesia And The Art of Remembering. You're the closest friend of a man with friends. Many of them. Some for a very long time, much like you. They come from all around the world, ranging from Sicily to New York. Friends pay their respects, care about you and your friend, and you both care about them back. BUILDING APPLICATIONS WITH OTP Building an Application With OTP. We've now seen how to use generic servers, finite state machine, event handlers and supervisors. We've not exactly seen how to use them together to build applications and tools, though. An Erlang application is a group of related code and processes. An OTP application specifically uses OTP behaviours for its WHO SUPERVISES THE SUPERVISORS? Restart limits. The last part of the RestartStrategy tuple is the couple of variables MaxRestart and MaxTime.The idea is basically that if more than MaxRestarts happen within MaxTime (in seconds), the supervisor just gives up on your code, shuts it down then kills itself to never return (that's how bad it is). Fortunately, that supervisor's supervisor might still have hope in its children and A SHORT VISIT TO COMMON DATA STRUCTURESINTRODUCTION
Now, we defined Erlang as a functional programming language, but there's also a large emphasis on concurrency and high reliability. To be able to have dozens of tasks being performed at the same time, Erlang uses the actor model, and each actor is a separate process in the virtual machine.STARTING OUT
The Shell. In Erlang, you can test most of your stuff in an emulator; it will run your scripts when compiled and deployed, but it will also let you edit stuff live. To start the shell in Linux, open a terminal and then type in $ erl. If you've set up everything fine, you shouldsee text like this:
TYPE SPECIFICATIONS AND ERLANG Type Specifications and Erlang PLTs Are The Best Sandwiches. Back in Types (or lack thereof), I introduced Dialyzer, a tool to find type errors in Erlang.This chapter puts its full focus on Dialyzer and how to actually find some type errors with Erlang, and how to use the tool to find other types of discrepancies. RECURSION | LEARN YOU SOME ERLANG FOR GREAT GOOD! Note: tail recursion as seen here is not making the memory grow because when the virtual machine sees a function calling itself in a tail position (the last expression to be evaluated in a function), it eliminates the current stack frame. This is called tail-call optimisation (TCO) and it is a special case of a more general optimisation named Last Call Optimisation (LCO).SYNTAX IN FUNCTIONS
Note: io:format's formatting is done with the help of tokens being replaced in a string.The character used to denote a token is the tilde (~).Some tokens are built-in such as ~n, which will be changed to a line-break.Most other tokens denote a way to format data. The function call io:format("~s!~n",). includes the token ~s, which accepts strings and bitstrings as arguments, and ~n. COMMON TEST FOR UNCOMMON TESTS Testing With State. If you have read the EUnit chapter (and haven't skipped around), you'll remember that EUnit had these things called fixtures, where we'd give a test case some special instantiation (setup) and teardown code to be called before and after the case, respectively.. Common Test follows that concept.POSTSCRIPT: MAPS
For example, while we can expect 1 to be equal to 1.0 (although not strictly equal, as with =:= ), we can't expect to pattern match by doing 1 = 1.0. In the case of maps, this means that Map1 == Map2 isn't a synonym of Map1 = Map2. Because Erlang maps respect Erlang sorting order, a map such as # {1.0 => true} is going to compare equal to # {1 CONCLUSION | LEARN YOU SOME ERLANG FOR GREAT GOOD! Conclusion A Few Words. I see you chose to read the conclusion after all. Good for you. Before I get to point you to a bunch of interesting topics that you could explore, were you to pick Erlang as a development language you want to learn more about, I'd like to take a few lines to say writing Learn You Some Erlang has been one hell of aride.
HIGHER ORDER FUNCTIONS 3. F = fun() -> C = A * B end, 4. F (), 5. C. In this version of the function, B is still equal to A + 1 and F will still execute fine. However, the variable C is only in the scope of the anonymous function in F. When base/1 tries to access C 's value on the last line, it only finds an unbound variable. BUILDING OTP APPLICATIONS The basic structure of the application file is simply: {application, ApplicationName, Properties}. Where ApplicationName is an atom and Properties is a list of {Key, Value} tuples describing the application. They're used by OTP to figure out what your application does and whatnot, they're all optional, but might always be useful to carry around and necessary for some tools. LEARN YOU SOME ERLANG FOR GREAT GOOD!READ IT ONLINEINTRODUCTIONWHAT IS OTPERRORS AND EXCEPTIONSRECURSIONDISTRIBUNOMICON Hey there! This is Learn You Some Erlang for great good! This book is for you if you’ve got some programming experience and if you’re not too familiar with functional programming. It can still be useful if you’re too good for that, as we progressively go into more and more advanced topics. The book started as a free online guide, and youTABLE OF CONTENTS
Creating Tables for Real. Access and Context. Reads, Writes, and More. Implementing The First Requests. Accounts And New Needs. Meet The Boss. Deleting Stuff, Demonstrated. Query List Comprehensions.Remember Mnesia.
MODULES | LEARN YOU SOME ERLANG FOR GREAT GOOD!SEE MORE ON LEARNYOUSOMEERLANG.COMINTRODUCTION
Now, we defined Erlang as a functional programming language, but there's also a large emphasis on concurrency and high reliability. To be able to have dozens of tasks being performed at the same time, Erlang uses the actor model, and each actor is a separate process in the virtual machine. STARTING OUT (FOR REAL)BEARS, ETS, BEETS
Bears, ETS, Beets. Something we've been doing time and time again has been to implement some kind of storage device as a process. We've done fridges to store things, built regis to register processes, seen key/value stores, etc. If we were programmers doing object-oriented design, we would be having a bunch of singletons floating around, and special storage classes and whatnot. TYPE SPECIFICATIONS AND ERLANG Type Specifications and Erlang PLTs Are The Best Sandwiches. Back in Types (or lack thereof), I introduced Dialyzer, a tool to find type errors in Erlang.This chapter puts its full focus on Dialyzer and how to actually find some type errors with Erlang, and how to use the tool to find other types of discrepancies. WHO SUPERVISES THE SUPERVISORS? Restart limits. The last part of the RestartStrategy tuple is the couple of variables MaxRestart and MaxTime.The idea is basically that if more than MaxRestarts happen within MaxTime (in seconds), the supervisor just gives up on your code, shuts it down then kills itself to never return (that's how bad it is). Fortunately, that supervisor's supervisor might still have hope in its children and BUILDING APPLICATIONS WITH OTP Building an Application With OTP. We've now seen how to use generic servers, finite state machine, event handlers and supervisors. We've not exactly seen how to use them together to build applications and tools, though. An Erlang application is a group of related code and processes. An OTP application specifically uses OTP behaviours for its BUILDING OTP APPLICATIONS The basic structure of the application file is simply: {application, ApplicationName, Properties}. Where ApplicationName is an atom and Properties is a list of {Key, Value} tuples describing the application. They're used by OTP to figure out what your application does and whatnot, they're all optional, but might always be useful to carry around and necessary for some tools. LEARN YOU SOME ERLANG FOR GREAT GOOD!READ IT ONLINEINTRODUCTIONWHAT IS OTPERRORS AND EXCEPTIONSRECURSIONDISTRIBUNOMICON Hey there! This is Learn You Some Erlang for great good! This book is for you if you’ve got some programming experience and if you’re not too familiar with functional programming. It can still be useful if you’re too good for that, as we progressively go into more and more advanced topics. The book started as a free online guide, and youTABLE OF CONTENTS
Creating Tables for Real. Access and Context. Reads, Writes, and More. Implementing The First Requests. Accounts And New Needs. Meet The Boss. Deleting Stuff, Demonstrated. Query List Comprehensions.Remember Mnesia.
MODULES | LEARN YOU SOME ERLANG FOR GREAT GOOD!SEE MORE ON LEARNYOUSOMEERLANG.COMINTRODUCTION
Now, we defined Erlang as a functional programming language, but there's also a large emphasis on concurrency and high reliability. To be able to have dozens of tasks being performed at the same time, Erlang uses the actor model, and each actor is a separate process in the virtual machine. STARTING OUT (FOR REAL)BEARS, ETS, BEETS
Bears, ETS, Beets. Something we've been doing time and time again has been to implement some kind of storage device as a process. We've done fridges to store things, built regis to register processes, seen key/value stores, etc. If we were programmers doing object-oriented design, we would be having a bunch of singletons floating around, and special storage classes and whatnot. TYPE SPECIFICATIONS AND ERLANG Type Specifications and Erlang PLTs Are The Best Sandwiches. Back in Types (or lack thereof), I introduced Dialyzer, a tool to find type errors in Erlang.This chapter puts its full focus on Dialyzer and how to actually find some type errors with Erlang, and how to use the tool to find other types of discrepancies. WHO SUPERVISES THE SUPERVISORS? Restart limits. The last part of the RestartStrategy tuple is the couple of variables MaxRestart and MaxTime.The idea is basically that if more than MaxRestarts happen within MaxTime (in seconds), the supervisor just gives up on your code, shuts it down then kills itself to never return (that's how bad it is). Fortunately, that supervisor's supervisor might still have hope in its children and BUILDING APPLICATIONS WITH OTP Building an Application With OTP. We've now seen how to use generic servers, finite state machine, event handlers and supervisors. We've not exactly seen how to use them together to build applications and tools, though. An Erlang application is a group of related code and processes. An OTP application specifically uses OTP behaviours for its BUILDING OTP APPLICATIONS The basic structure of the application file is simply: {application, ApplicationName, Properties}. Where ApplicationName is an atom and Properties is a list of {Key, Value} tuples describing the application. They're used by OTP to figure out what your application does and whatnot, they're all optional, but might always be useful to carry around and necessary for some tools.INTRODUCTION
Now, we defined Erlang as a functional programming language, but there's also a large emphasis on concurrency and high reliability. To be able to have dozens of tasks being performed at the same time, Erlang uses the actor model, and each actor is a separate process in the virtual machine.CLIENTS AND SERVERS
Clients and Servers Callback to the Future. The first OTP behaviour we'll see is one of the most used ones. Its name is gen_server and it has an interface a bit similar to the one we've written with my_server in last chapter; it gives you a few functions to use it and in exchange, your module has to already have a few functions gen_serverwill use.. init
RECURSION | LEARN YOU SOME ERLANG FOR GREAT GOOD! Note: tail recursion as seen here is not making the memory grow because when the virtual machine sees a function calling itself in a tail position (the last expression to be evaluated in a function), it eliminates the current stack frame. This is called tail-call optimisation (TCO) and it is a special case of a more general optimisation named Last Call Optimisation (LCO).SYNTAX IN FUNCTIONS
Note: io:format's formatting is done with the help of tokens being replaced in a string.The character used to denote a token is the tilde (~).Some tokens are built-in such as ~n, which will be changed to a line-break.Most other tokens denote a way to format data. The function call io:format("~s!~n",). includes the token ~s, which accepts strings and bitstrings as arguments, and ~n. BUILDING APPLICATIONS WITH OTP Building an Application With OTP. We've now seen how to use generic servers, finite state machine, event handlers and supervisors. We've not exactly seen how to use them together to build applications and tools, though. An Erlang application is a group of related code and processes. An OTP application specifically uses OTP behaviours for its COMMON TEST FOR UNCOMMON TESTS Testing With State. If you have read the EUnit chapter (and haven't skipped around), you'll remember that EUnit had these things called fixtures, where we'd give a test case some special instantiation (setup) and teardown code to be called before and after the case, respectively.. Common Test follows that concept.WHAT IS OTP?
A very short description of OTP as a whole, followed by making a server generic to illustrate the importance of separating specific andgeneric code.
HIGHER ORDER FUNCTIONS 3. F = fun() -> C = A * B end, 4. F (), 5. C. In this version of the function, B is still equal to A + 1 and F will still execute fine. However, the variable C is only in the scope of the anonymous function in F. When base/1 tries to access C 's value on the last line, it only finds an unbound variable. MNESIA AND THE ART OF REMEMBERING Mnesia And The Art of Remembering. You're the closest friend of a man with friends. Many of them. Some for a very long time, much like you. They come from all around the world, ranging from Sicily to New York. Friends pay their respects, care about you and your friend, and you both care about them back. A SHORT VISIT TO COMMON DATA STRUCTURES Sounds like a good title. I just need one of these ribbons. For small amounts of data, there are basically two data structures that can be used. The first one is called a proplist. A proplist is any list of tuples of the form . They're a weird kind of structure because there is no other rule than that. LEARN YOU SOME ERLANG FOR GREAT GOOD!READ IT ONLINEINTRODUCTIONWHAT IS OTPERRORS AND EXCEPTIONSRECURSIONDISTRIBUNOMICON Hey there! This is Learn You Some Erlang for great good! This book is for you if you’ve got some programming experience and if you’re not too familiar with functional programming. It can still be useful if you’re too good for that, as we progressively go into more and more advanced topics. The book started as a free online guide, and youTABLE OF CONTENTS
Creating Tables for Real. Access and Context. Reads, Writes, and More. Implementing The First Requests. Accounts And New Needs. Meet The Boss. Deleting Stuff, Demonstrated. Query List Comprehensions.Remember Mnesia.
MODULES | LEARN YOU SOME ERLANG FOR GREAT GOOD!SEE MORE ON LEARNYOUSOMEERLANG.COMINTRODUCTION
Now, we defined Erlang as a functional programming language, but there's also a large emphasis on concurrency and high reliability. To be able to have dozens of tasks being performed at the same time, Erlang uses the actor model, and each actor is a separate process in the virtual machine. STARTING OUT (FOR REAL)BEARS, ETS, BEETS
Bears, ETS, Beets. Something we've been doing time and time again has been to implement some kind of storage device as a process. We've done fridges to store things, built regis to register processes, seen key/value stores, etc. If we were programmers doing object-oriented design, we would be having a bunch of singletons floating around, and special storage classes and whatnot. TYPE SPECIFICATIONS AND ERLANG Type Specifications and Erlang PLTs Are The Best Sandwiches. Back in Types (or lack thereof), I introduced Dialyzer, a tool to find type errors in Erlang.This chapter puts its full focus on Dialyzer and how to actually find some type errors with Erlang, and how to use the tool to find other types of discrepancies. WHO SUPERVISES THE SUPERVISORS? Restart limits. The last part of the RestartStrategy tuple is the couple of variables MaxRestart and MaxTime.The idea is basically that if more than MaxRestarts happen within MaxTime (in seconds), the supervisor just gives up on your code, shuts it down then kills itself to never return (that's how bad it is). Fortunately, that supervisor's supervisor might still have hope in its children and BUILDING APPLICATIONS WITH OTP Building an Application With OTP. We've now seen how to use generic servers, finite state machine, event handlers and supervisors. We've not exactly seen how to use them together to build applications and tools, though. An Erlang application is a group of related code and processes. An OTP application specifically uses OTP behaviours for its BUILDING OTP APPLICATIONS The basic structure of the application file is simply: {application, ApplicationName, Properties}. Where ApplicationName is an atom and Properties is a list of {Key, Value} tuples describing the application. They're used by OTP to figure out what your application does and whatnot, they're all optional, but might always be useful to carry around and necessary for some tools. LEARN YOU SOME ERLANG FOR GREAT GOOD!READ IT ONLINEINTRODUCTIONWHAT IS OTPERRORS AND EXCEPTIONSRECURSIONDISTRIBUNOMICON Hey there! This is Learn You Some Erlang for great good! This book is for you if you’ve got some programming experience and if you’re not too familiar with functional programming. It can still be useful if you’re too good for that, as we progressively go into more and more advanced topics. The book started as a free online guide, and youTABLE OF CONTENTS
Creating Tables for Real. Access and Context. Reads, Writes, and More. Implementing The First Requests. Accounts And New Needs. Meet The Boss. Deleting Stuff, Demonstrated. Query List Comprehensions.Remember Mnesia.
MODULES | LEARN YOU SOME ERLANG FOR GREAT GOOD!SEE MORE ON LEARNYOUSOMEERLANG.COMINTRODUCTION
Now, we defined Erlang as a functional programming language, but there's also a large emphasis on concurrency and high reliability. To be able to have dozens of tasks being performed at the same time, Erlang uses the actor model, and each actor is a separate process in the virtual machine. STARTING OUT (FOR REAL)BEARS, ETS, BEETS
Bears, ETS, Beets. Something we've been doing time and time again has been to implement some kind of storage device as a process. We've done fridges to store things, built regis to register processes, seen key/value stores, etc. If we were programmers doing object-oriented design, we would be having a bunch of singletons floating around, and special storage classes and whatnot. TYPE SPECIFICATIONS AND ERLANG Type Specifications and Erlang PLTs Are The Best Sandwiches. Back in Types (or lack thereof), I introduced Dialyzer, a tool to find type errors in Erlang.This chapter puts its full focus on Dialyzer and how to actually find some type errors with Erlang, and how to use the tool to find other types of discrepancies. WHO SUPERVISES THE SUPERVISORS? Restart limits. The last part of the RestartStrategy tuple is the couple of variables MaxRestart and MaxTime.The idea is basically that if more than MaxRestarts happen within MaxTime (in seconds), the supervisor just gives up on your code, shuts it down then kills itself to never return (that's how bad it is). Fortunately, that supervisor's supervisor might still have hope in its children and BUILDING APPLICATIONS WITH OTP Building an Application With OTP. We've now seen how to use generic servers, finite state machine, event handlers and supervisors. We've not exactly seen how to use them together to build applications and tools, though. An Erlang application is a group of related code and processes. An OTP application specifically uses OTP behaviours for its BUILDING OTP APPLICATIONS The basic structure of the application file is simply: {application, ApplicationName, Properties}. Where ApplicationName is an atom and Properties is a list of {Key, Value} tuples describing the application. They're used by OTP to figure out what your application does and whatnot, they're all optional, but might always be useful to carry around and necessary for some tools.INTRODUCTION
Now, we defined Erlang as a functional programming language, but there's also a large emphasis on concurrency and high reliability. To be able to have dozens of tasks being performed at the same time, Erlang uses the actor model, and each actor is a separate process in the virtual machine.CLIENTS AND SERVERS
Clients and Servers Callback to the Future. The first OTP behaviour we'll see is one of the most used ones. Its name is gen_server and it has an interface a bit similar to the one we've written with my_server in last chapter; it gives you a few functions to use it and in exchange, your module has to already have a few functions gen_serverwill use.. init
RECURSION | LEARN YOU SOME ERLANG FOR GREAT GOOD! Note: tail recursion as seen here is not making the memory grow because when the virtual machine sees a function calling itself in a tail position (the last expression to be evaluated in a function), it eliminates the current stack frame. This is called tail-call optimisation (TCO) and it is a special case of a more general optimisation named Last Call Optimisation (LCO).SYNTAX IN FUNCTIONS
Note: io:format's formatting is done with the help of tokens being replaced in a string.The character used to denote a token is the tilde (~).Some tokens are built-in such as ~n, which will be changed to a line-break.Most other tokens denote a way to format data. The function call io:format("~s!~n",). includes the token ~s, which accepts strings and bitstrings as arguments, and ~n. BUILDING APPLICATIONS WITH OTP Building an Application With OTP. We've now seen how to use generic servers, finite state machine, event handlers and supervisors. We've not exactly seen how to use them together to build applications and tools, though. An Erlang application is a group of related code and processes. An OTP application specifically uses OTP behaviours for its COMMON TEST FOR UNCOMMON TESTS Testing With State. If you have read the EUnit chapter (and haven't skipped around), you'll remember that EUnit had these things called fixtures, where we'd give a test case some special instantiation (setup) and teardown code to be called before and after the case, respectively.. Common Test follows that concept.WHAT IS OTP?
A very short description of OTP as a whole, followed by making a server generic to illustrate the importance of separating specific andgeneric code.
HIGHER ORDER FUNCTIONS 3. F = fun() -> C = A * B end, 4. F (), 5. C. In this version of the function, B is still equal to A + 1 and F will still execute fine. However, the variable C is only in the scope of the anonymous function in F. When base/1 tries to access C 's value on the last line, it only finds an unbound variable. MNESIA AND THE ART OF REMEMBERING Mnesia And The Art of Remembering. You're the closest friend of a man with friends. Many of them. Some for a very long time, much like you. They come from all around the world, ranging from Sicily to New York. Friends pay their respects, care about you and your friend, and you both care about them back. A SHORT VISIT TO COMMON DATA STRUCTURES Sounds like a good title. I just need one of these ribbons. For small amounts of data, there are basically two data structures that can be used. The first one is called a proplist. A proplist is any list of tuples of the form . They're a weird kind of structure because there is no other rule than that. Hey there! This is _Learn You Some Erlang for great good!_ This book is for you if you’ve got some programming experience and if you’re not too familiar with functional programming. It can still be useful if you’re too good for that, as we progressively go into more and more advanced topics. The book started as a free online guide, and you can still read it that way. If you prefer the soft touch of paper, the delicious smell of a real book, the possibility to physically hug a document, or just want to boast by padding your bookcase, you can buy a few copies too (and e-books are also available). If you want to contact me, check out my twitter account , send me an e-mail, or find me on #erlang (under the nickname MononcQc). Oh and before you get in, please grab the code,
and have a nice day. Buy it! Read it online. Download the code (.zip)Details
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