EJCJS - FRONT PAGE - JAPANESE STUDIESARTICLESBOOK REVIEWSEDITORIAL BOARDEJCJS - CONFERENCESINFORMATION FOR AUTHORSSEMINARS The electronic journal of contemporary japanese studies (ejcjs) is a journal in the Social Sciences and Humanities that is dedicated to publishing academic research and scholarly writing on all issues related to contemporary Japanese society, economy, politics, literature, theatre, cinema, and culture. The journal adopts a multi-disciplinary stance in the hope that it will contribute to a EJCJS - THE JAPANESE DEVELOPMENTAL STATE: THE CASE OF COOLSEE MORE ON JAPANESESTUDIES.ORG.UK EJCJS - NATIONAL IDENTITY (RE)CONSTRUCTION IN JAPANESE AND Ashitaka goes on a journey to Western Japan in an attempt to lift the curse, but is soon dragged into a battle between animals in the forest and humans. There, Ashitaka meets the film's two main female characters. The first is Lady Eboshi, the leader of the Tatara

iron-making town.

EJCJS - NATIONALISM, MATERIALISM, AND PREFERENCES FOR THESEE MORE ON JAPANESESTUDIES.ORG.UK EJCJS - JAPAN’S EMPLOYMENT RECRUITMENT SYSTEM AND ITSSEE MORE ON JAPANESESTUDIES.ORG.UK EJCJS - CORPORATE SCANDAL IN JAPAN AND THE CASE STUDY OF1 For instance, in the 2011 gambling scandal of the Daio Paper Corporation, the main whistleblower belonged to a group subsidiary of Daio (Yomiuri Shimbun, November 24, 2011).Similarly, in case of the 2002 cover-up scandal related to falsifying reports on nuclear safety by industry officials and public services, the person who blew the whistle was a foreign subcontractor (Kingston 2004). EJCJS - A POSTMODERN EXPERIENCE? THE CASE OF JAPANESE1 About the Author. Mohammad Gharipour received his PhD in Architectural Theory and History from Georgia Institute of Technology in 2008 and Master of Architecture from the University of Tehran in 2000. He has taught at Southern Polytechnic State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. EJCJS - JAPANESE NEGOTIATING STYLE: MORE THAN AN The four case studies of important bilateral negotiations bring these three factors into stark relief: (1) orange imports, from 1977 to 1988; (2) rice imports, from 1986 to 1993; (3) the fighter support experimental (FSX), from 1985 to 1989; and (4) the US-Japan bilateral security relationship, from SHRINKING CITIES IN JAPAN III. SHRINKING CITIES IN JAPAN / 日本における都市の縮小 3 Shrinking Cities in Japan: Between Megalopolises and Rural Peripheries / 日本にお ける都市の縮小：メガ都市と地方の郊外 | Winfried Flüchter 9 Shrinkage in Japan/ 日本における縮小現象 | Yasuyuki Fujii 13 Population Aging and Japan’s Declining Rural Cities/ 人口の高齢化と廃れてゆく日 IRATSUME AND JOURNALS FOR WOMEN IN THE EARLY MEIJI PERIOD 20 They were important also because they invited readers to contribute so that women could see their novels and short stories in print. However, Hirata considers that after 1884 the use of EJCJS - FRONT PAGE - JAPANESE STUDIESARTICLESBOOK REVIEWSEDITORIAL BOARDEJCJS - CONFERENCESINFORMATION FOR AUTHORSSEMINARS The electronic journal of contemporary japanese studies (ejcjs) is a journal in the Social Sciences and Humanities that is dedicated to publishing academic research and scholarly writing on all issues related to contemporary Japanese society, economy, politics, literature, theatre, cinema, and culture. The journal adopts a multi-disciplinary stance in the hope that it will contribute to a EJCJS - THE JAPANESE DEVELOPMENTAL STATE: THE CASE OF COOLSEE MORE ON JAPANESESTUDIES.ORG.UK EJCJS - NATIONAL IDENTITY (RE)CONSTRUCTION IN JAPANESE AND Ashitaka goes on a journey to Western Japan in an attempt to lift the curse, but is soon dragged into a battle between animals in the forest and humans. There, Ashitaka meets the film's two main female characters. The first is Lady Eboshi, the leader of the Tatara

iron-making town.

EJCJS - NATIONALISM, MATERIALISM, AND PREFERENCES FOR THESEE MORE ON JAPANESESTUDIES.ORG.UK EJCJS - JAPAN’S EMPLOYMENT RECRUITMENT SYSTEM AND ITSSEE MORE ON JAPANESESTUDIES.ORG.UK EJCJS - CORPORATE SCANDAL IN JAPAN AND THE CASE STUDY OF1 For instance, in the 2011 gambling scandal of the Daio Paper Corporation, the main whistleblower belonged to a group subsidiary of Daio (Yomiuri Shimbun, November 24, 2011).Similarly, in case of the 2002 cover-up scandal related to falsifying reports on nuclear safety by industry officials and public services, the person who blew the whistle was a foreign subcontractor (Kingston 2004). EJCJS - A POSTMODERN EXPERIENCE? THE CASE OF JAPANESE1 About the Author. Mohammad Gharipour received his PhD in Architectural Theory and History from Georgia Institute of Technology in 2008 and Master of Architecture from the University of Tehran in 2000. He has taught at Southern Polytechnic State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. EJCJS - JAPANESE NEGOTIATING STYLE: MORE THAN AN The four case studies of important bilateral negotiations bring these three factors into stark relief: (1) orange imports, from 1977 to 1988; (2) rice imports, from 1986 to 1993; (3) the fighter support experimental (FSX), from 1985 to 1989; and (4) the US-Japan bilateral security relationship, from SHRINKING CITIES IN JAPAN III. SHRINKING CITIES IN JAPAN / 日本における都市の縮小 3 Shrinking Cities in Japan: Between Megalopolises and Rural Peripheries / 日本にお ける都市の縮小：メガ都市と地方の郊外 | Winfried Flüchter 9 Shrinkage in Japan/ 日本における縮小現象 | Yasuyuki Fujii 13 Population Aging and Japan’s Declining Rural Cities/ 人口の高齢化と廃れてゆく日 IRATSUME AND JOURNALS FOR WOMEN IN THE EARLY MEIJI PERIOD 20 They were important also because they invited readers to contribute so that women could see their novels and short stories in print. However, Hirata considers that after 1884 the use of EJCJS - NATIONAL IDENTITY (RE)CONSTRUCTION IN JAPANESE AND Abstract. Fictional reality created by media significantly contributes to the formation of Self and Other. Animation offers a contested site for identity formation through story-telling, which provides wide audiences with the resources for narrative-creation and imagined

communities that

EJCJS - MURAKAMI HARUKI’S TRANSLATION STYLE AND THE Abstract. Venuti's concept of translator invisibility differs from the Japanese context where a broad spectrum of translators exists. Most professional translators work transparently, but they are still visible, and the reader is aware that what they are reading is a translation. Awareness and appreciation for translation create an

environment

EJCJS - JAPANESE NEGOTIATING STYLE: MORE THAN AN Japanese Negotiating Style. This book provides a welcome addition to an excellent series of studies published by the Washington-based United States Institute of Peace, which has thus far included expositions of Chinese, Russian, North Korean and German negotiating behaviour. This reviewer has been fortunate enough to review two of

these volumes

EJCJS - MEDIA AND COMMUNICATION IN JAPAN: CURRENT ISSUES About the author. Barbara Gatzen studied Japanese Studies, Linguistics and German Literature in Cologne, Trier and at the Free University of Berlin, Germany.From 1989-1991 she won a Monbusho scholarship to the University of Tsukuba, Japan and in 1993 did her M.A. in Japanese Studies at the Free University of Berlin.From 1994-1996 she was a Monbusho Research Fellow at Keio EJCJS - GENTLEMANLY CAPITALISM AND THE CLUB: EXPATRIATE The European club was an institution that emerged virtually as a direct result of imperialist expansion, and as such, they can be found in any country that has had a history of economic or social interaction with the United Kingdom, and to some extent, other European nations with EJCJS - WHY DO THE JAPANESE WEAR MASKS? The driving force of this social practice has been the collective sense of disempowerment. Mask wearing has provided people with a sense of control over a situation which is otherwise experienced beyond their control. Keywords: mask, Japan, health risk, sense of EJCJS - IS THE USE OF KANJI INCREASING IN THE JAPANESE Abstract. It is commonly believed that changes have been taking place in the Japanese writing system in recent years, with more kanji being used than kana when compared with the years before. If this is so, this could mean that words which were written in kana in the past are now being written in kanji. In other words, what this means is that the manner in which words are represented in EJCJS - THE 'UYOKU RONIN DO' ASSESSING THE LIFESTYLES AND Notes. Their depiction can be roughly summarized as follows: after Japan's defeat in World War II, the occupation authority weakened Japanese state institutions such as the police force as part of the process of demilitarization. EJCJS - JAPAN AND HUMAN SECURITY: A POWERFUL DISCOURSE OR Abstract The concept of human security has been gaining increasing currency in discussions over global security. Japan is considered a major contributor to both the intellectual mainstreaming of the concept and the implementation of human security through its financial support to the United Nations Trust Fund for Human Security, the establishment of the Commission on Human SLEEPLESS IN JAPAN: THE KANASHIBARI PHENOMENON 32 way these experiences takes place is obvious. Some informants even say that the first time they got kanashibari was after watching a TV programme with a detailed explanation of the experiences. One of the famous TV programmes on kanashibari, which was repeated a number of times, was Kitano Takeshi’s ‘Unbiribabo’,2 where serious investigation followed EJCJS - FRONT PAGE - JAPANESE STUDIESARTICLESBOOK REVIEWSEDITORIAL BOARDEJCJS - CONFERENCESINFORMATION FOR AUTHORSSEMINARS The electronic journal of contemporary japanese studies (ejcjs) is a journal in the Social Sciences and Humanities that is dedicated to publishing academic research and scholarly writing on all issues related to contemporary Japanese society, economy, politics, literature, theatre, cinema, and culture. The journal adopts a multi-disciplinary stance in the hope that it will contribute to a EJCJS - THE JAPANESE DEVELOPMENTAL STATE: THE CASE OF COOLSEE MORE ON JAPANESESTUDIES.ORG.UK EJCJS - NATIONAL IDENTITY (RE)CONSTRUCTION IN JAPANESE AND Ashitaka goes on a journey to Western Japan in an attempt to lift the curse, but is soon dragged into a battle between animals in the forest and humans. There, Ashitaka meets the film's two main female characters. The first is Lady Eboshi, the leader of the Tatara

iron-making town.

EJCJS - CORPORATE SCANDAL IN JAPAN AND THE CASE STUDY OFSEE MORE ON JAPANESESTUDIES.ORG.UK EJCJS - NATIONALISM, MATERIALISM, AND PREFERENCES FOR THESEE MORE ON JAPANESESTUDIES.ORG.UK EJCJS - A POSTMODERN EXPERIENCE? THE CASE OF JAPANESE About the Author. Mohammad Gharipour received his PhD in Architectural Theory and History from Georgia Institute of Technology in 2008 and Master of Architecture from the University of Tehran in 2000. He has taught at Southern Polytechnic State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. EJCJS - GENTLEMANLY CAPITALISM AND THE CLUB: EXPATRIATE The European club was an institution that emerged virtually as a direct result of imperialist expansion, and as such, they can be found in any country that has had a history of economic or social interaction with the United Kingdom, and to some extent, other European nations with EJCJS - NITOBE INAZŌ’S BUSHIDO: SCIENCE OR FICTION? Abstract. The aim of this paper is to determine whether Nitobe Inazō provided an accurate description of the ethical code of the samurai in his famous work Bushido, or an idealised and nostalgic text without any foundation in the works of historical samurai.In order to do so, I am comparing Nitobe’s Bushido with a sample of 29 original bushidō-texts from the Kamakura to the Edo period. SLEEPLESS IN JAPAN: THE KANASHIBARI PHENOMENON 32 way these experiences takes place is obvious. Some informants even say that the first time they got kanashibari was after watching a TV programme with a detailed explanation of the experiences. One of the famous TV programmes on kanashibari, which was repeated a number of times, was Kitano Takeshi’s ‘Unbiribabo’,2 where serious investigation followed IRATSUME AND JOURNALS FOR WOMEN IN THE EARLY MEIJI PERIOD 20 They were important also because they invited readers to contribute so that women could see their novels and short stories in print. However, Hirata considers that after 1884 the use of EJCJS - FRONT PAGE - JAPANESE STUDIESARTICLESBOOK REVIEWSEDITORIAL BOARDEJCJS - CONFERENCESINFORMATION FOR AUTHORSSEMINARS The electronic journal of contemporary japanese studies (ejcjs) is a journal in the Social Sciences and Humanities that is dedicated to publishing academic research and scholarly writing on all issues related to contemporary Japanese society, economy, politics, literature, theatre, cinema, and culture. The journal adopts a multi-disciplinary stance in the hope that it will contribute to a EJCJS - THE JAPANESE DEVELOPMENTAL STATE: THE CASE OF COOLSEE MORE ON JAPANESESTUDIES.ORG.UK EJCJS - NATIONAL IDENTITY (RE)CONSTRUCTION IN JAPANESE AND Ashitaka goes on a journey to Western Japan in an attempt to lift the curse, but is soon dragged into a battle between animals in the forest and humans. There, Ashitaka meets the film's two main female characters. The first is Lady Eboshi, the leader of the Tatara

iron-making town.

EJCJS - CORPORATE SCANDAL IN JAPAN AND THE CASE STUDY OFSEE MORE ON JAPANESESTUDIES.ORG.UK EJCJS - NATIONALISM, MATERIALISM, AND PREFERENCES FOR THESEE MORE ON JAPANESESTUDIES.ORG.UK EJCJS - A POSTMODERN EXPERIENCE? THE CASE OF JAPANESE About the Author. Mohammad Gharipour received his PhD in Architectural Theory and History from Georgia Institute of Technology in 2008 and Master of Architecture from the University of Tehran in 2000. He has taught at Southern Polytechnic State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. EJCJS - GENTLEMANLY CAPITALISM AND THE CLUB: EXPATRIATE The European club was an institution that emerged virtually as a direct result of imperialist expansion, and as such, they can be found in any country that has had a history of economic or social interaction with the United Kingdom, and to some extent, other European nations with EJCJS - NITOBE INAZŌ’S BUSHIDO: SCIENCE OR FICTION? Abstract. The aim of this paper is to determine whether Nitobe Inazō provided an accurate description of the ethical code of the samurai in his famous work Bushido, or an idealised and nostalgic text without any foundation in the works of historical samurai.In order to do so, I am comparing Nitobe’s Bushido with a sample of 29 original bushidō-texts from the Kamakura to the Edo period. SLEEPLESS IN JAPAN: THE KANASHIBARI PHENOMENON 32 way these experiences takes place is obvious. Some informants even say that the first time they got kanashibari was after watching a TV programme with a detailed explanation of the experiences. One of the famous TV programmes on kanashibari, which was repeated a number of times, was Kitano Takeshi’s ‘Unbiribabo’,2 where serious investigation followed IRATSUME AND JOURNALS FOR WOMEN IN THE EARLY MEIJI PERIOD 20 They were important also because they invited readers to contribute so that women could see their novels and short stories in print. However, Hirata considers that after 1884 the use of EJCJS - FRONT PAGE - JAPANESE STUDIES The electronic journal of contemporary japanese studies (ejcjs) is a journal in the Social Sciences and Humanities that is dedicated to publishing academic research and scholarly writing on all issues related to contemporary Japanese society, economy, politics, literature, theatre, cinema, and culture. The journal adopts a multi-disciplinary stance in the hope that it will contribute to a EJCJS - NATIONALISM, MATERIALISM, AND PREFERENCES FOR THE Introduction. Post-war Japanese nationalism1 was constructed in a unique historical milieu. Following Japan's defeat in 1945, ultra-nationalism vanished from the scene. Occupation authorities were quick to attack the Japanese for their thought-control mechanisms, targeting the education system and State Shinto, in an effort to do away with militarism (Yoshino 1992). EJCJS - MURAKAMI HARUKI’S TRANSLATION STYLE AND THE Abstract. Venuti's concept of translator invisibility differs from the Japanese context where a broad spectrum of translators exists. Most professional translators work transparently, but they are still visible, and the reader is aware that what they are reading is a translation. Awareness and appreciation for translation create an

environment

EJCJS - GENTLEMANLY CAPITALISM AND THE CLUB: EXPATRIATE The European club was an institution that emerged virtually as a direct result of imperialist expansion, and as such, they can be found in any country that has had a history of economic or social interaction with the United Kingdom, and to some extent, other European nations with EJCJS - WHY DO THE JAPANESE WEAR MASKS? The driving force of this social practice has been the collective sense of disempowerment. Mask wearing has provided people with a sense of control over a situation which is otherwise experienced beyond their control. Keywords: mask, Japan, health risk, sense of EJCJS - MEDIA AND COMMUNICATION IN JAPAN: CURRENT ISSUES About the author. Barbara Gatzen studied Japanese Studies, Linguistics and German Literature in Cologne, Trier and at the Free University of Berlin, Germany.From 1989-1991 she won a Monbusho scholarship to the University of Tsukuba, Japan and in 1993 did her M.A. in Japanese Studies at the Free University of Berlin.From 1994-1996 she was a Monbusho Research Fellow at Keio EJCJS - THE DILEMMA POSED BY JAPAN'S POPULATION DECLINE Introduction. Japan’s population is poised to peak at about 127.5 million people in the year 2005. From that point on, if the situation remains unchanged, it will begin a reverse track, contracting markedly to an estimated 105 million people by 2050. According to the much talked about UN paper on this issue 1, this gross decrease will have a EJCJS - THE RELUCTANT JAPANESE LITIGANT: A 'NEW' ASSESSMENT Although litigation is a major inhibition, the cost of lawyers has led to a significant number of lawyerless cases (21.3% of the total of civil actions in district courts in 2002) and a large percentage (39.8% of that) where only one party is legally represented in court. A related issue is the question of legal aid. SHRINKING CITIES IN JAPAN III. SHRINKING CITIES IN JAPAN / 日本における都市の縮小 3 Shrinking Cities in Japan: Between Megalopolises and Rural Peripheries / 日本にお ける都市の縮小：メガ都市と地方の郊外 | Winfried Flüchter 9 Shrinkage in Japan/ 日本における縮小現象 | Yasuyuki Fujii 13 Population Aging and Japan’s Declining Rural Cities/ 人口の高齢化と廃れてゆく日 EJCJS - THE 'UYOKU RONIN DO' ASSESSING THE LIFESTYLES AND Notes. Their depiction can be roughly summarized as follows: after Japan's defeat in World War II, the occupation authority weakened Japanese state institutions such as the police force as part of the process of demilitarization. EJCJS - FRONT PAGE - JAPANESE STUDIESARTICLESBOOK REVIEWSEDITORIAL BOARDEJCJS - CONFERENCESINFORMATION FOR AUTHORSSEMINARS The electronic journal of contemporary japanese studies (ejcjs) is a journal in the Social Sciences and Humanities that is dedicated to publishing academic research and scholarly writing on all issues related to contemporary Japanese society, economy, politics, literature, theatre, cinema, and culture. The journal adopts a multi-disciplinary stance in the hope that it will contribute to a EJCJS - THE JAPANESE DEVELOPMENTAL STATE: THE CASE OF COOLSEE MORE ON JAPANESESTUDIES.ORG.UK EJCJS - NATIONAL IDENTITY (RE)CONSTRUCTION IN JAPANESE AND Abstract. Fictional reality created by media significantly contributes to the formation of Self and Other. Animation offers a contested site for identity formation through story-telling, which provides wide audiences with the resources for narrative-creation and imagined

communities that

EJCJS - JAPAN’S EMPLOYMENT RECRUITMENT SYSTEM AND ITSSEE MORE ON JAPANESESTUDIES.ORG.UK EJCJS - NITOBE INAZŌ’S BUSHIDO: SCIENCE OR FICTION? Abstract. The aim of this paper is to determine whether Nitobe Inazō provided an accurate description of the ethical code of the samurai in his famous work Bushido, or an idealised and nostalgic text without any foundation in the works of historical samurai.In order to do so, I am comparing Nitobe’s Bushido with a sample of 29 original bushidō-texts from the Kamakura to the Edo period. EJCJS - CORPORATE SCANDAL IN JAPAN AND THE CASE STUDY OF For instance, in the 2011 gambling scandal of the Daio Paper Corporation, the main whistleblower belonged to a group subsidiary of Daio (Yomiuri Shimbun, November 24, 2011).Similarly, in case of the 2002 cover-up scandal related to falsifying reports on nuclear safety by industry officials and public services, the person who blew the whistle was a foreign subcontractor (Kingston 2004). EJCJS - EXAMINING JAPANESE YOUTH'S PERCEPTION OF POLITICALSEE MORE ON JAPANESESTUDIES.ORG.UK EJCJS - TECHNOLOGY, PSYCHOLOGY, IDENTITY: GHOST IN THE Set in highly technologically advanced worlds, both Ghost in the Shell (Oshii, 1995) and .hack//Sign (Mashimo, 2002) present narratives which revolve heavily around various characters’ relationships with technology and explore the psychological affects that these relations can have. Furthermore, as seen in both of these anime, technology can greatly problematise how a character SHRINKING CITIES IN JAPAN III. SHRINKING CITIES IN JAPAN / 日本における都市の縮小 3 Shrinking Cities in Japan: Between Megalopolises and Rural Peripheries / 日本にお ける都市の縮小：メガ都市と地方の郊外 | Winfried Flüchter 9 Shrinkage in Japan/ 日本における縮小現象 | Yasuyuki Fujii 13 Population Aging and Japan’s Declining Rural Cities/ 人口の高齢化と廃れてゆく日 EJCJS - THE SOCIOLINGUISTIC CONTEXT OF ENGLISH LANGUAGESEE MORE ON JAPANESESTUDIES.ORG.UK EJCJS - FRONT PAGE - JAPANESE STUDIESARTICLESBOOK REVIEWSEDITORIAL BOARDEJCJS - CONFERENCESINFORMATION FOR AUTHORSSEMINARS The electronic journal of contemporary japanese studies (ejcjs) is a journal in the Social Sciences and Humanities that is dedicated to publishing academic research and scholarly writing on all issues related to contemporary Japanese society, economy, politics, literature, theatre, cinema, and culture. The journal adopts a multi-disciplinary stance in the hope that it will contribute to a EJCJS - THE JAPANESE DEVELOPMENTAL STATE: THE CASE OF COOLSEE MORE ON JAPANESESTUDIES.ORG.UK EJCJS - NATIONAL IDENTITY (RE)CONSTRUCTION IN JAPANESE AND Abstract. Fictional reality created by media significantly contributes to the formation of Self and Other. Animation offers a contested site for identity formation through story-telling, which provides wide audiences with the resources for narrative-creation and imagined

communities that

EJCJS - JAPAN’S EMPLOYMENT RECRUITMENT SYSTEM AND ITSSEE MORE ON JAPANESESTUDIES.ORG.UK EJCJS - NITOBE INAZŌ’S BUSHIDO: SCIENCE OR FICTION? Abstract. The aim of this paper is to determine whether Nitobe Inazō provided an accurate description of the ethical code of the samurai in his famous work Bushido, or an idealised and nostalgic text without any foundation in the works of historical samurai.In order to do so, I am comparing Nitobe’s Bushido with a sample of 29 original bushidō-texts from the Kamakura to the Edo period. EJCJS - CORPORATE SCANDAL IN JAPAN AND THE CASE STUDY OF For instance, in the 2011 gambling scandal of the Daio Paper Corporation, the main whistleblower belonged to a group subsidiary of Daio (Yomiuri Shimbun, November 24, 2011).Similarly, in case of the 2002 cover-up scandal related to falsifying reports on nuclear safety by industry officials and public services, the person who blew the whistle was a foreign subcontractor (Kingston 2004). EJCJS - EXAMINING JAPANESE YOUTH'S PERCEPTION OF POLITICALSEE MORE ON JAPANESESTUDIES.ORG.UK EJCJS - TECHNOLOGY, PSYCHOLOGY, IDENTITY: GHOST IN THE Set in highly technologically advanced worlds, both Ghost in the Shell (Oshii, 1995) and .hack//Sign (Mashimo, 2002) present narratives which revolve heavily around various characters’ relationships with technology and explore the psychological affects that these relations can have. Furthermore, as seen in both of these anime, technology can greatly problematise how a character SHRINKING CITIES IN JAPAN III. SHRINKING CITIES IN JAPAN / 日本における都市の縮小 3 Shrinking Cities in Japan: Between Megalopolises and Rural Peripheries / 日本にお ける都市の縮小：メガ都市と地方の郊外 | Winfried Flüchter 9 Shrinkage in Japan/ 日本における縮小現象 | Yasuyuki Fujii 13 Population Aging and Japan’s Declining Rural Cities/ 人口の高齢化と廃れてゆく日 EJCJS - THE SOCIOLINGUISTIC CONTEXT OF ENGLISH LANGUAGESEE MORE ON JAPANESESTUDIES.ORG.UK EJCJS - ISSUES - JAPANESE STUDIES The electronic journal of contemporary japanese studies (ejcjs) is a journal in the Social Sciences and Humanities that is dedicated to publishing academic research and scholarly writing on all issues related to contemporary Japanese society, economy, politics, literature, theatre, cinema, and culture. The journal adopts a multi-disciplinary stance in the hope that it will contribute to a EJCJS - NATIONAL IDENTITY (RE)CONSTRUCTION IN JAPANESE AND Abstract. Fictional reality created by media significantly contributes to the formation of Self and Other. Animation offers a contested site for identity formation through story-telling, which provides wide audiences with the resources for narrative-creation and imagined

communities that

EJCJS - THE NANJING INCIDENT: RECENT RESEARCH AND TRENDS The Nanjing (or Nanking) Incident (also known as the Rape of Nanjing, the Nanjing Massacre and the Nanjing Atrocities) remains a highly controversial episode in Sino-Japanese relations. Indeed, as this paper will make clear, it remains so controversial, especially in Japan, that a neutral definition has yet to be agreed upon. EJCJS - MURAKAMI HARUKI’S TRANSLATION STYLE AND THE Abstract. Venuti's concept of translator invisibility differs from the Japanese context where a broad spectrum of translators exists. Most professional translators work transparently, but they are still visible, and the reader is aware that what they are reading is a

translation.

EJCJS - NATIONALISM, MATERIALISM, AND PREFERENCES FOR THE Introduction. Post-war Japanese nationalism1 was constructed in a unique historical milieu. Following Japan's defeat in 1945, ultra-nationalism vanished from the scene. Occupation authorities were quick to attack the Japanese for their thought-control mechanisms, targeting the education system and State Shinto, in an effort to do away with militarism (Yoshino 1992). EJCJS - I SPY: THE FAILURE OF JAPANESE MILITARY Volume 11, Issue 1 (Book review 1 in 2011). First published in ejcjs on 31 January 2011. Kotani, Ken (2009) Japanese Intelligence in World War II, Oxford: Osprey Publishing, x, 224 pages, ISBN 978 1 84603 425 1. In the popular imagination, the spy is the integral, essential component of military intelligence, working alone, buried within the EJCJS - A POSTMODERN EXPERIENCE? THE CASE OF JAPANESE About the Author. Mohammad Gharipour received his PhD in Architectural Theory and History from Georgia Institute of Technology in 2008 and Master of Architecture from the University of Tehran in 2000. He has taught at Southern Polytechnic State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. EJCJS - THE DILEMMA POSED BY JAPAN'S POPULATION DECLINE Introduction. Japan’s population is poised to peak at about 127.5 million people in the year 2005. From that point on, if the situation remains unchanged, it will begin a reverse track, contracting markedly to an estimated 105 million people by 2050. According to the much talked about UN paper on this issue 1, this gross decrease will have a EJCJS - ANOTHER GREAT WAVE? ECOCRITICISM IN JAPAN About the Author. Noel Gough is Professor Emeritus (and Foundation Chair of Outdoor and Environmental Education, 2006-14) in the School of Education at La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia. He previously held senior appointments at the University of Canberra and Deakin University and has been a visiting professor at universities in Canada, China, South Africa and the UK. IRATSUME AND JOURNALS FOR WOMEN IN THE EARLY MEIJI PERIOD 20 They were important also because they invited readers to contribute so that women could see their novels and short stories in print. However, Hirata considers that after 1884 the use of EJCJS - FRONT PAGE - JAPANESE STUDIESARTICLESBOOK REVIEWSEDITORIAL BOARDEJCJS - CONFERENCESINFORMATION FOR AUTHORSSEMINARS The electronic journal of contemporary japanese studies (ejcjs) is a journal in the Social Sciences and Humanities that is dedicated to publishing academic research and scholarly writing on all issues related to contemporary Japanese society, economy, politics, literature, theatre, cinema, and culture. The journal adopts a multi-disciplinary stance in the hope that it will contribute to a EJCJS - THE JAPANESE DEVELOPMENTAL STATE: THE CASE OF COOLSEE MORE ON JAPANESESTUDIES.ORG.UK EJCJS - NATIONAL IDENTITY (RE)CONSTRUCTION IN JAPANESE AND Ashitaka goes on a journey to Western Japan in an attempt to lift the curse, but is soon dragged into a battle between animals in the forest and humans. There, Ashitaka meets the film's two main female characters. The first is Lady Eboshi, the leader of the Tatara

iron-making town.

EJCJS - JAPAN’S EMPLOYMENT RECRUITMENT SYSTEM AND ITSSEE MORE ON JAPANESESTUDIES.ORG.UK EJCJS - NITOBE INAZŌ’S BUSHIDO: SCIENCE OR FICTION? Abstract. The aim of this paper is to determine whether Nitobe Inazō provided an accurate description of the ethical code of the samurai in his famous work Bushido, or an idealised and nostalgic text without any foundation in the works of historical samurai.In order to do so, I am comparing Nitobe’s Bushido with a sample of 29 original bushidō-texts from the Kamakura to the Edo period. EJCJS - CORPORATE SCANDAL IN JAPAN AND THE CASE STUDY OF For instance, in the 2011 gambling scandal of the Daio Paper Corporation, the main whistleblower belonged to a group subsidiary of Daio (Yomiuri Shimbun, November 24, 2011).Similarly, in case of the 2002 cover-up scandal related to falsifying reports on nuclear safety by industry officials and public services, the person who blew the whistle was a foreign subcontractor (Kingston 2004). EJCJS - EXAMINING JAPANESE YOUTH'S PERCEPTION OF POLITICALSEE MORE ON JAPANESESTUDIES.ORG.UK EJCJS - TECHNOLOGY, PSYCHOLOGY, IDENTITY: GHOST IN THE Keywords: technology, identity formation, personal agency. Set in highly technologically advanced worlds, both Ghost in the Shell (Oshii, 1995) and .hack//Sign (Mashimo, 2002) present narratives which revolve heavily around various characters’ relationships with technology and explore the psychological affects that these relations

can have.

SHRINKING CITIES IN JAPAN III. SHRINKING CITIES IN JAPAN / 日本における都市の縮小 3 Shrinking Cities in Japan: Between Megalopolises and Rural Peripheries / 日本にお ける都市の縮小：メガ都市と地方の郊外 | Winfried Flüchter 9 Shrinkage in Japan/ 日本における縮小現象 | Yasuyuki Fujii 13 Population Aging and Japan’s Declining Rural Cities/ 人口の高齢化と廃れてゆく日 EJCJS - THE SOCIOLINGUISTIC CONTEXT OF ENGLISH LANGUAGESEE MORE ON JAPANESESTUDIES.ORG.UK EJCJS - FRONT PAGE - JAPANESE STUDIESARTICLESBOOK REVIEWSEDITORIAL BOARDEJCJS - CONFERENCESINFORMATION FOR AUTHORSSEMINARS The electronic journal of contemporary japanese studies (ejcjs) is a journal in the Social Sciences and Humanities that is dedicated to publishing academic research and scholarly writing on all issues related to contemporary Japanese society, economy, politics, literature, theatre, cinema, and culture. The journal adopts a multi-disciplinary stance in the hope that it will contribute to a EJCJS - THE JAPANESE DEVELOPMENTAL STATE: THE CASE OF COOLSEE MORE ON JAPANESESTUDIES.ORG.UK EJCJS - NATIONAL IDENTITY (RE)CONSTRUCTION IN JAPANESE AND Ashitaka goes on a journey to Western Japan in an attempt to lift the curse, but is soon dragged into a battle between animals in the forest and humans. There, Ashitaka meets the film's two main female characters. The first is Lady Eboshi, the leader of the Tatara

iron-making town.

EJCJS - JAPAN’S EMPLOYMENT RECRUITMENT SYSTEM AND ITSSEE MORE ON JAPANESESTUDIES.ORG.UK EJCJS - NITOBE INAZŌ’S BUSHIDO: SCIENCE OR FICTION? Abstract. The aim of this paper is to determine whether Nitobe Inazō provided an accurate description of the ethical code of the samurai in his famous work Bushido, or an idealised and nostalgic text without any foundation in the works of historical samurai.In order to do so, I am comparing Nitobe’s Bushido with a sample of 29 original bushidō-texts from the Kamakura to the Edo period. EJCJS - CORPORATE SCANDAL IN JAPAN AND THE CASE STUDY OF For instance, in the 2011 gambling scandal of the Daio Paper Corporation, the main whistleblower belonged to a group subsidiary of Daio (Yomiuri Shimbun, November 24, 2011).Similarly, in case of the 2002 cover-up scandal related to falsifying reports on nuclear safety by industry officials and public services, the person who blew the whistle was a foreign subcontractor (Kingston 2004). EJCJS - EXAMINING JAPANESE YOUTH'S PERCEPTION OF POLITICALSEE MORE ON JAPANESESTUDIES.ORG.UK EJCJS - TECHNOLOGY, PSYCHOLOGY, IDENTITY: GHOST IN THE Keywords: technology, identity formation, personal agency. Set in highly technologically advanced worlds, both Ghost in the Shell (Oshii, 1995) and .hack//Sign (Mashimo, 2002) present narratives which revolve heavily around various characters’ relationships with technology and explore the psychological affects that these relations

can have.

SHRINKING CITIES IN JAPAN III. SHRINKING CITIES IN JAPAN / 日本における都市の縮小 3 Shrinking Cities in Japan: Between Megalopolises and Rural Peripheries / 日本にお ける都市の縮小：メガ都市と地方の郊外 | Winfried Flüchter 9 Shrinkage in Japan/ 日本における縮小現象 | Yasuyuki Fujii 13 Population Aging and Japan’s Declining Rural Cities/ 人口の高齢化と廃れてゆく日 EJCJS - THE SOCIOLINGUISTIC CONTEXT OF ENGLISH LANGUAGESEE MORE ON JAPANESESTUDIES.ORG.UK EJCJS - INDEX OF ARTICLES - JAPANESE STUDIES contemporary japanese studies Index of peer reviewed articles. This section of the electronic journal of contemporary japanese studies publishes academic research articles in the Humanities and other disciplines on contemporary Japan. All articles have been been passed for publication according to a strict process of double-blind peer

review.

EJCJS - ISSUES - JAPANESE STUDIES The electronic journal of contemporary japanese studies (ejcjs) is a journal in the Social Sciences and Humanities that is dedicated to publishing academic research and scholarly writing on all issues related to contemporary Japanese society, economy, politics, literature, theatre, cinema, and culture. The journal adopts a multi-disciplinary stance in the hope that it will contribute to a EJCJS - NATIONAL IDENTITY (RE)CONSTRUCTION IN JAPANESE AND Abstract. Fictional reality created by media significantly contributes to the formation of Self and Other. Animation offers a contested site for identity formation through story-telling, which provides wide audiences with the resources for narrative-creation and imagined

communities that

EJCJS - MURAKAMI HARUKI’S TRANSLATION STYLE AND THE Abstract. Venuti's concept of translator invisibility differs from the Japanese context where a broad spectrum of translators exists. Most professional translators work transparently, but they are still visible, and the reader is aware that what they are reading is a translation. Awareness and appreciation for translation create an

environment

EJCJS - NATIONALISM, MATERIALISM, AND PREFERENCES FOR THE Introduction. Post-war Japanese nationalism1 was constructed in a unique historical milieu. Following Japan's defeat in 1945, ultra-nationalism vanished from the scene. Occupation authorities were quick to attack the Japanese for their thought-control mechanisms, targeting the education system and State Shinto, in an effort to do away with militarism (Yoshino 1992). EJCJS - I SPY: THE FAILURE OF JAPANESE MILITARY Volume 11, Issue 1 (Book review 1 in 2011). First published in ejcjs on 31 January 2011. Kotani, Ken (2009) Japanese Intelligence in World War II, Oxford: Osprey Publishing, x, 224 pages, ISBN 978 1 84603 425 1. In the popular imagination, the spy is the integral, essential component of military intelligence, working alone, buried within the EJCJS - A POSTMODERN EXPERIENCE? THE CASE OF JAPANESE About the Author. Mohammad Gharipour received his PhD in Architectural Theory and History from Georgia Institute of Technology in 2008 and Master of Architecture from the University of Tehran in 2000. He has taught at Southern Polytechnic State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. EJCJS - THE DILEMMA POSED BY JAPAN'S POPULATION DECLINE Introduction. Japan’s population is poised to peak at about 127.5 million people in the year 2005. From that point on, if the situation remains unchanged, it will begin a reverse track, contracting markedly to an estimated 105 million people by 2050. According to the much talked about UN paper on this issue 1, this gross decrease will have a EJCJS - ANOTHER GREAT WAVE? ECOCRITICISM IN JAPAN About the Author. Noel Gough is Professor Emeritus (and Foundation Chair of Outdoor and Environmental Education, 2006-14) in the School of Education at La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia. He previously held senior appointments at the University of Canberra and Deakin University and has been a visiting professor at universities in Canada, China, South Africa and the UK. IRATSUME AND JOURNALS FOR WOMEN IN THE EARLY MEIJI PERIOD 20 They were important also because they invited readers to contribute so that women could see their novels and short stories in print. However, Hirata considers that after 1884 the use of ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY JAPANESE STUDIES The electronic journal of contemporary japanese studies (ejcjs) is an international peer reviewed journal in the Social Sciences and Humanities that publishes academic research and scholarly writing on all issues related to contemporary Japanese society, economy, politics, literature, theatre, cinema, and culture.

VOLUME 19, ISSUE 2

PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLES * Adam Gyenes 5. Cultivating future citizens: A critical discourse analysis of the concept of critical thinking in EMI degree program

mission statements

* Christopher J. Hayes 4. Othered, Orientalised, and Opposingly Depicted: The Persistence of Stereotyping of Japan in the British

Press

* Agnès Calatayud 3. An illustrated guide to ‘unfamous places’: Satoshi Miki’s _Adrift in Tokyo_ (2007)

DISCUSSION PAPERS

* Andre Maffioletti 2. Underground Cuties: Labour and Affect at the Margins of the Idol Industry in Japan

BOOK REVIEWS

* Annette Gough 1. Yutori, Danshari, Mottainai and the War on Waste

in Postwar Japan

FILM REVIEWS

* Simon Paxton 1. Stealing and Healing in Downtown Tokyo: A review of _Manbiki Kazoku_ (Shoplifters) The electronic journal of contemporary japanese studies was founded on

9 January 2001.

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