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INTERECONOMICS
The collective action on vaccine procurement in the EU has attracted much criticism, but not necessarily for the right reasons, write Annette Bongardt and Francisco Torres.While the EU's collaborative action to supply the member states has weathered storms and come out on track, issues have arisen on the demand side that have threatened an essential element in the overarching efficacy of EU ABOUT US | INTERECONOMICS About us. Intereconomics is a platform for economic and social policy debates in Europe. The journal is published by ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics and CEPS – Centre for European Policy Studies. Intereconomics represents over 50 years of economic policy oriented publishing (until 2006 within the former HamburgInstitute of
THE COVID-19 RESPONSE January/February 2021. Restoring Public Trust After Trump and COVID-19 by Jiffer Bourguignon and Ekaterina Sprenger. COVID-19: Lockdowns, Fatality Rates and GDP Growth by Michael König and Adalbert Winkler. Why the COVID-19 Pandemic Could Increase the Corporate Saving Trend in the Long Run by Markus Demary, Stefan Hasenclever and Michael Hüther. VOLUMES - INTERECONOMICS Intereconomics is published by ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics and CEPS – Centre for European Policy Studies. Intereconomics is a platform for the publication of policy relevant aspects of economic research.NOTES FOR AUTHORS
Notes for authors. Intereconomics is published by the German National Library of Economics (ZBW) in cooperation with the Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS). It publishes papers on economic issues relevant to European economic policy. Papers should normally be between 25,000 and 35,000 characters in length (including spaces), or about VOLUME 56 · JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2021 · NUMBER 1 Volume 56 · January/February 2021 · Number 1. Download issue 1 asPDF.
AUTHORS: S - INTERECONOMICS Intereconomics is published by ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics and CEPS – Centre for European Policy Studies. Intereconomics is a platform for the publication of policy relevant aspects of economic research. RELIEF INSTEAD OF DEVELOPMENT AID Swedish Nobel Prize winner presents his case for a new line of aid policy. by Gunnar Myrdal, Stockholm. Volume 16, March/April 1981, No. 2. Formerly an active supporter of the western industrialized countries', and particularly Sweden's, policy of development aid, Gunnar Myrdal has in recent years become increasingly critical of the present form of aid. GENDER EQUALITY IN DECISION-MAKING POSITIONS: THE • We analyze the introduction of board gender quotas in Italian listed companies in July 2011, implemented from August 2012. • Gradual target: 20% and then 33%. GENDER AND INEQUALITY: AUSTERITY AND ALTERNATIVES. Rising inequality and growing public concern Zthe root of social evil (Pope Francis) Zthe defining challenge of our time. (Barack Obama) ‘the 85 richest people in the world,., control as much wealth as thepoorest half of
INTERECONOMICS
The collective action on vaccine procurement in the EU has attracted much criticism, but not necessarily for the right reasons, write Annette Bongardt and Francisco Torres.While the EU's collaborative action to supply the member states has weathered storms and come out on track, issues have arisen on the demand side that have threatened an essential element in the overarching efficacy of EU ABOUT US | INTERECONOMICS About us. Intereconomics is a platform for economic and social policy debates in Europe. The journal is published by ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics and CEPS – Centre for European Policy Studies. Intereconomics represents over 50 years of economic policy oriented publishing (until 2006 within the former HamburgInstitute of
THE COVID-19 RESPONSE January/February 2021. Restoring Public Trust After Trump and COVID-19 by Jiffer Bourguignon and Ekaterina Sprenger. COVID-19: Lockdowns, Fatality Rates and GDP Growth by Michael König and Adalbert Winkler. Why the COVID-19 Pandemic Could Increase the Corporate Saving Trend in the Long Run by Markus Demary, Stefan Hasenclever and Michael Hüther. VOLUMES - INTERECONOMICS Intereconomics is published by ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics and CEPS – Centre for European Policy Studies. Intereconomics is a platform for the publication of policy relevant aspects of economic research.NOTES FOR AUTHORS
Notes for authors. Intereconomics is published by the German National Library of Economics (ZBW) in cooperation with the Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS). It publishes papers on economic issues relevant to European economic policy. Papers should normally be between 25,000 and 35,000 characters in length (including spaces), or about VOLUME 56 · JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2021 · NUMBER 1 Volume 56 · January/February 2021 · Number 1. Download issue 1 asPDF.
AUTHORS: S - INTERECONOMICS Intereconomics is published by ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics and CEPS – Centre for European Policy Studies. Intereconomics is a platform for the publication of policy relevant aspects of economic research. RELIEF INSTEAD OF DEVELOPMENT AID Swedish Nobel Prize winner presents his case for a new line of aid policy. by Gunnar Myrdal, Stockholm. Volume 16, March/April 1981, No. 2. Formerly an active supporter of the western industrialized countries', and particularly Sweden's, policy of development aid, Gunnar Myrdal has in recent years become increasingly critical of the present form of aid. GENDER EQUALITY IN DECISION-MAKING POSITIONS: THE • We analyze the introduction of board gender quotas in Italian listed companies in July 2011, implemented from August 2012. • Gradual target: 20% and then 33%. GENDER AND INEQUALITY: AUSTERITY AND ALTERNATIVES. Rising inequality and growing public concern Zthe root of social evil (Pope Francis) Zthe defining challenge of our time. (Barack Obama) ‘the 85 richest people in the world,., control as much wealth as thepoorest half of
EVENTS | INTERECONOMICS 10th Annual Intereconomics / CEPS Conference. On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the novel coronavirus outbreak a global pandemic. Ill-prepared and reluctant to halt economic activities, EU member states were slow to react to contain the spread of the virus. Although necessary, the lockdown measures came with aheavy price
VOLUMES - INTERECONOMICS Intereconomics is published by ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics and CEPS – Centre for European Policy Studies. Intereconomics is a platform for the publication of policy relevant aspects of economic research. VOLUME 55 · SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2020 · NUMBER 5 Intereconomics is published by ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics and CEPS – Centre for European Policy Studies. Intereconomics is a platform for the publication of policy relevant aspects of economic research. VOLUME 56 · MARCH/APRIL 2021 · NUMBER 2 The European Green Deal – More Than Climate Neutrality. Carlo Jaeger, Jahel Mielke, Franziska Schütze, Jonas Teitge, Sarah Wolf. Read. : The European Green Deal – More Than Climate Neutrality. PDF. : The European Green Deal – More Than Climate Neutrality. VOLUME 56 · JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2021 · NUMBER 1 Intereconomics is published by ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics and CEPS – Centre for European Policy Studies. Intereconomics is a platform for the publication of policy relevant aspects of economic research. NEWSLETTER | INTERECONOMICS A shift in focus – Review of European Economic Policy. A major change in the content of Intereconomics took place at the turn of the millennium. From its inception, Intereconomics had carried the subtitle “Review of International Trade and Development” and dealt correspondingly with subjects such as AUTHORS - INTERECONOMICS Intereconomics is published by ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics and CEPS – Centre for European Policy Studies. Intereconomics is a platform for the publication of policy relevant aspects of economic research. 50 YEARS OF INTERECONOMICS Since Intereconomics changed its focus in 2001 to become a “Review of European Economic Policy”, it has become a must for every academic, policymaker and student interested in European banking, economics, finance, government, politics and other issues. It is a real pleasure for me to congratulate the Editorial Board, the AdvisoryBoard and
AUTHORS: C - INTERECONOMICS Intereconomics is published by ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics and CEPS – Centre for European Policy Studies. Intereconomics is a platform for the publication of policy relevant aspects of economic research. DATA MARKETPLACES THE NEXT WAY TO MONETIZE DATA? Fraunhofer ISST DATA MARKETPLACES – THE NEXT WAY TO MONETIZE DATA? Markus Spiekermann ∙ June 17 2019 ∙ Berlin · 1INTERECONOMICS
The collective action on vaccine procurement in the EU has attracted much criticism, but not necessarily for the right reasons, write Annette Bongardt and Francisco Torres.While the EU's collaborative action to supply the member states has weathered storms and come out on track, issues have arisen on the demand side that have threatened an essential element in the overarching efficacy of EU ABOUT US | INTERECONOMICS About us. Intereconomics is a platform for economic and social policy debates in Europe. The journal is published by ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics and CEPS – Centre for European Policy Studies. Intereconomics represents over 50 years of economic policy oriented publishing (until 2006 within the former HamburgInstitute of
THE COVID-19 RESPONSE January/February 2021. Restoring Public Trust After Trump and COVID-19 by Jiffer Bourguignon and Ekaterina Sprenger. COVID-19: Lockdowns, Fatality Rates and GDP Growth by Michael König and Adalbert Winkler. Why the COVID-19 Pandemic Could Increase the Corporate Saving Trend in the Long Run by Markus Demary, Stefan Hasenclever and Michael Hüther. VOLUME 56 · MARCH/APRIL 2021 · NUMBER 2 The European Green Deal – More Than Climate Neutrality. Carlo Jaeger, Jahel Mielke, Franziska Schütze, Jonas Teitge, Sarah Wolf. Read. : The European Green Deal – More Than Climate Neutrality. PDF. : The European Green Deal – More Than Climate Neutrality.NOTES FOR AUTHORS
Notes for authors. Intereconomics is published by the German National Library of Economics (ZBW) in cooperation with the Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS). It publishes papers on economic issues relevant to European economic policy. Papers should normally be between 25,000 and 35,000 characters in length (including spaces), or about VOLUME 56 · JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2021 · NUMBER 1 Volume 56 · January/February 2021 · Number 1. Download issue 1 asPDF.
AUTHORS: S - INTERECONOMICS Intereconomics is published by ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics and CEPS – Centre for European Policy Studies. Intereconomics is a platform for the publication of policy relevant aspects of economic research. GENDER EQUALITY IN DECISION-MAKING POSITIONS: THE • We analyze the introduction of board gender quotas in Italian listed companies in July 2011, implemented from August 2012. • Gradual target: 20% and then 33%. RELIEF INSTEAD OF DEVELOPMENT AID Swedish Nobel Prize winner presents his case for a new line of aid policy. by Gunnar Myrdal, Stockholm. Volume 16, March/April 1981, No. 2. Formerly an active supporter of the western industrialized countries', and particularly Sweden's, policy of development aid, Gunnar Myrdal has in recent years become increasingly critical of the present form of aid. GENDER AND INEQUALITY: AUSTERITY AND ALTERNATIVES. Rising inequality and growing public concern Zthe root of social evil (Pope Francis) Zthe defining challenge of our time. (Barack Obama) ‘the 85 richest people in the world,., control as much wealth as thepoorest half of
INTERECONOMICS
The collective action on vaccine procurement in the EU has attracted much criticism, but not necessarily for the right reasons, write Annette Bongardt and Francisco Torres.While the EU's collaborative action to supply the member states has weathered storms and come out on track, issues have arisen on the demand side that have threatened an essential element in the overarching efficacy of EU ABOUT US | INTERECONOMICS About us. Intereconomics is a platform for economic and social policy debates in Europe. The journal is published by ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics and CEPS – Centre for European Policy Studies. Intereconomics represents over 50 years of economic policy oriented publishing (until 2006 within the former HamburgInstitute of
THE COVID-19 RESPONSE January/February 2021. Restoring Public Trust After Trump and COVID-19 by Jiffer Bourguignon and Ekaterina Sprenger. COVID-19: Lockdowns, Fatality Rates and GDP Growth by Michael König and Adalbert Winkler. Why the COVID-19 Pandemic Could Increase the Corporate Saving Trend in the Long Run by Markus Demary, Stefan Hasenclever and Michael Hüther. VOLUME 56 · MARCH/APRIL 2021 · NUMBER 2 The European Green Deal – More Than Climate Neutrality. Carlo Jaeger, Jahel Mielke, Franziska Schütze, Jonas Teitge, Sarah Wolf. Read. : The European Green Deal – More Than Climate Neutrality. PDF. : The European Green Deal – More Than Climate Neutrality.NOTES FOR AUTHORS
Notes for authors. Intereconomics is published by the German National Library of Economics (ZBW) in cooperation with the Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS). It publishes papers on economic issues relevant to European economic policy. Papers should normally be between 25,000 and 35,000 characters in length (including spaces), or about VOLUME 56 · JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2021 · NUMBER 1 Volume 56 · January/February 2021 · Number 1. Download issue 1 asPDF.
AUTHORS: S - INTERECONOMICS Intereconomics is published by ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics and CEPS – Centre for European Policy Studies. Intereconomics is a platform for the publication of policy relevant aspects of economic research. GENDER EQUALITY IN DECISION-MAKING POSITIONS: THE • We analyze the introduction of board gender quotas in Italian listed companies in July 2011, implemented from August 2012. • Gradual target: 20% and then 33%. RELIEF INSTEAD OF DEVELOPMENT AID Swedish Nobel Prize winner presents his case for a new line of aid policy. by Gunnar Myrdal, Stockholm. Volume 16, March/April 1981, No. 2. Formerly an active supporter of the western industrialized countries', and particularly Sweden's, policy of development aid, Gunnar Myrdal has in recent years become increasingly critical of the present form of aid. GENDER AND INEQUALITY: AUSTERITY AND ALTERNATIVES. Rising inequality and growing public concern Zthe root of social evil (Pope Francis) Zthe defining challenge of our time. (Barack Obama) ‘the 85 richest people in the world,., control as much wealth as thepoorest half of
EVENTS | INTERECONOMICS 10th Annual Intereconomics / CEPS Conference. On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the novel coronavirus outbreak a global pandemic. Ill-prepared and reluctant to halt economic activities, EU member states were slow to react to contain the spread of the virus. Although necessary, the lockdown measures came with aheavy price
A DEEPER UNION: FROM A FAILED PROJECT TO THE EUROPEAN After President Trump’s departure, many expected that the transatlantic partnership would return to its previous state with the US playing a leading role. This article challenges that view. Instead, a new world order is foreseen, with different partnerships and spheres of influence. Europe can decide whether it wants to remain small and homogeneous or a larger but also more heterogenous VOLUMES - INTERECONOMICS Intereconomics is published by ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics and CEPS – Centre for European Policy Studies. Intereconomics is a platform for the publication of policy relevant aspects of economic research.SUBMISSIONS
Submissions. Authors are invited to submit articles that are concerned with economic and social policy issues in or affecting Europe. A vast range of economic research creates input for economic policy at the national and EU levels. Intereconomics aims at stimulating debates on economic policy issues and offers a platform for the publication of VOLUME 56 · JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2021 · NUMBER 1 Intereconomics is published by ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics and CEPS – Centre for European Policy Studies. Intereconomics is a platform for the publication of policy relevant aspects of economic research. NEWSLETTER | INTERECONOMICS A shift in focus – Review of European Economic Policy. A major change in the content of Intereconomics took place at the turn of the millennium. From its inception, Intereconomics had carried the subtitle “Review of International Trade and Development” and dealt correspondingly with subjects such as 50 YEARS OF INTERECONOMICS Since Intereconomics changed its focus in 2001 to become a “Review of European Economic Policy”, it has become a must for every academic, policymaker and student interested in European banking, economics, finance, government, politics and other issues. It is a real pleasure for me to congratulate the Editorial Board, the AdvisoryBoard and
AUTHORS: C - INTERECONOMICS Intereconomics is published by ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics and CEPS – Centre for European Policy Studies. Intereconomics is a platform for the publication of policy relevant aspects of economic research. DATA-DRIVEN ECONOMY: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES Intereconomics / German Economic Institute Conference in Berlin The transformation of data into an independent asset poses new challenges for companies, regulators and policymakers. We examine the status-quo of data-driven business models and the requirements shaping the process. On the business side, new tools are UNLOCKING FEMALE EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL IN EUROPE: … AND LONG-TERM ECONOMIC PROSPECTS ARE SUBDUED European Department 4 Motivation Stylized Facts Results Conclusion European Department; Strategy, Policy, and Review Department 4-0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 2001-07 2008-14 2015-20INTERECONOMICS
The collective action on vaccine procurement in the EU has attracted much criticism, but not necessarily for the right reasons, write Annette Bongardt and Francisco Torres.While the EU's collaborative action to supply the member states has weathered storms and come out on track, issues have arisen on the demand side that have threatened an essential element in the overarching efficacy of EU ABOUT US | INTERECONOMICS About us. Intereconomics is a platform for economic and social policy debates in Europe. The journal is published by ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics and CEPS – Centre for European Policy Studies. Intereconomics represents over 50 years of economic policy oriented publishing (until 2006 within the former HamburgInstitute of
VOLUMES - INTERECONOMICS Intereconomics is published by ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics and CEPS – Centre for European Policy Studies. Intereconomics is a platform for the publication of policy relevant aspects of economic research.SUBMISSIONS
Submissions. Authors are invited to submit articles that are concerned with economic and social policy issues in or affecting Europe. A vast range of economic research creates input for economic policy at the national and EU levels. Intereconomics aims at stimulating debates on economic policy issues and offers a platform for the publication ofINTERECONOMICS
The collective action on vaccine procurement in the EU has attracted much criticism, but not necessarily for the right reasons, write Annette Bongardt and Francisco Torres.While the EU's collaborative action to supply the member states has weathered storms and come out on track, issues have arisen on the demand side that have threatened an essential element in the overarching efficacy of EU ABOUT US | INTERECONOMICS About us. Intereconomics is a platform for economic and social policy debates in Europe. The journal is published by ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics and CEPS – Centre for European Policy Studies. Intereconomics represents over 50 years of economic policy oriented publishing (until 2006 within the former HamburgInstitute of
VOLUMES - INTERECONOMICS Intereconomics is published by ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics and CEPS – Centre for European Policy Studies. Intereconomics is a platform for the publication of policy relevant aspects of economic research.SUBMISSIONS
Submissions. Authors are invited to submit articles that are concerned with economic and social policy issues in or affecting Europe. A vast range of economic research creates input for economic policy at the national and EU levels. Intereconomics aims at stimulating debates on economic policy issues and offers a platform for the publication of ORDER | INTERECONOMICS Single Issues. Single issues of Intereconomics can be ordered directly from the editorial department. To order a single issue, please send an email to intereconomics@zbw.eu with the volume, issue number and year of the issue you are requesting as well as your name and mailingaddress.
AUTHORS - INTERECONOMICS Intereconomics is published by ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics and CEPS – Centre for European Policy Studies. Intereconomics is a platform for the publication of policy relevant aspects of economic research. NEWSLETTER | INTERECONOMICS A shift in focus – Review of European Economic Policy. A major change in the content of Intereconomics took place at the turn of the millennium. From its inception, Intereconomics had carried the subtitle “Review of International Trade and Development” and dealt correspondingly with subjects such as AUTHORS: S - INTERECONOMICS Intereconomics is published by ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics and CEPS – Centre for European Policy Studies. Intereconomics is a platform for the publication of policy relevant aspects of economic research. GENDER EQUALITY IN DECISION-MAKING POSITIONS: THE • We analyze the introduction of board gender quotas in Italian listed companies in July 2011, implemented from August 2012. • Gradual target: 20% and then 33%. RELIEF INSTEAD OF DEVELOPMENT AID Swedish Nobel Prize winner presents his case for a new line of aid policy. by Gunnar Myrdal, Stockholm. Volume 16, March/April 1981, No. 2. Formerly an active supporter of the western industrialized countries', and particularly Sweden's, policy of development aid, Gunnar Myrdal has in recent years become increasingly critical of the present form of aid. EVENTS | INTERECONOMICS 10th Annual Intereconomics / CEPS Conference. On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the novel coronavirus outbreak a global pandemic. Ill-prepared and reluctant to halt economic activities, EU member states were slow to react to contain the spread of the virus. Although necessary, the lockdown measures came with aheavy price
THE NEW INDUSTRIAL STRATEGY FOR EUROPE When President Ursula von der Leyen took the reins of the European Commission in 2019, one of her first initiatives was to propose a new growth strategy centred on the idea of “competitive sustainability”. This was followed by the announcement of the new European Green Deal and then the adoption of an industrial strategy that would promote EU competitiveness and support the Commission’s ORDER | INTERECONOMICS Single Issues. Single issues of Intereconomics can be ordered directly from the editorial department. To order a single issue, please send an email to intereconomics@zbw.eu with the volume, issue number and year of the issue you are requesting as well as your name and mailingaddress.
THE COVID-19 RESPONSE January/February 2021. Restoring Public Trust After Trump and COVID-19 by Jiffer Bourguignon and Ekaterina Sprenger. COVID-19: Lockdowns, Fatality Rates and GDP Growth by Michael König and Adalbert Winkler. Why the COVID-19 Pandemic Could Increase the Corporate Saving Trend in the Long Run by Markus Demary, Stefan Hasenclever and Michael Hüther. A DEEPER UNION: FROM A FAILED PROJECT TO THE EUROPEAN After President Trump’s departure, many expected that the transatlantic partnership would return to its previous state with the US playing a leading role. This article challenges that view. Instead, a new world order is foreseen, with different partnerships and spheres of influence. Europe can decide whether it wants to remain small and homogeneous or a larger but also more heterogenous VOLUME 55 · JULY/AUGUST 2020 · NUMBER 4 Intereconomics is published by ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics and CEPS – Centre for European Policy Studies. Intereconomics is a platform for the publication of policy relevant aspects of economic research.NOTES FOR AUTHORS
Notes for authors. Intereconomics is published by the German National Library of Economics (ZBW) in cooperation with the Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS). It publishes papers on economic issues relevant to European economic policy. Papers should normally be between 25,000 and 35,000 characters in length (including spaces), or about VOLUME 56 · JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2021 · NUMBER 1 Volume 56 · January/February 2021 · Number 1. Download issue 1 asPDF.
AUTHORS: C - INTERECONOMICS Intereconomics is published by ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics and CEPS – Centre for European Policy Studies. Intereconomics is a platform for the publication of policy relevant aspects of economic research. DECADES | 50 YEARS OF INTERECONOMICS A shift in focus – Review of European Economic Policy. A major change in the content of Intereconomics took place at the turn of the millennium. From its inception, Intereconomics had carried the subtitle “Review of International Trade and Development” and dealt correspondingly with subjects such as A service of the ZBWNAVIGATION
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Welcome to Intereconomics -------------------------*
THE COVID-19 RESPONSE THE ECONOMICS OF THE CORONAVIRUS CRISIS Intereconomics will be publishing all coronavirus crisis related articles online first in order to provide our readers up-to-date information as this unprecedented situation continues to unfold. * ONLINE FIRST: How the COVID-19 Pandemic Is Reshaping the Trade Landscape and What to Do About Itby Sébastien Jean
* ONLINE FIRST: Common Pitfalls in the Interpretation of COVID-19Data and Statistics
by Andreas Backhaus
* ONLINE FIRST: Why Current EU Proposals for Corona-Related Financial Aid Cannot Replace Coronabonds by Sebastian Dullien, Thomas Theobald, Silke Tober and Andrew Watt * ONLINE FIRST: Whither Coronabonds? The Past and Future of the EMU in the Coronavirus Pandemicby Bodo Herzog
* ONLINE FIRST: SURE – EU Capacity for Stabilising Employment and Incomes in the Pandemicby László Andor
* ONLINE FIRST: On the Macroeconomic and Social Impact of the Coronavirus Pandemic in Latin America and the Developing World by Christian R. Proaño * ONLINE FIRST: Coronavirus Pandemic: Europe is Once Again Forged ina Crisis
by Barry Eichengreen * ONLINE FIRST: The Need for Monetary Financing of Corona BudgetDeficits
by Paul De Grauwe
* ONLINE FIRST: Decades of Tight Fiscal Policy Have Left the Health Care System in Italy Ill-Prepared to Fight the COVID-19 Outbreak by Alessandro Bramucci, Franz Prante and Achim Truger * The Pandemic Requires a Coordinated Global Economic Response by Alicia García Herrero * The Coming Coronavirus Crisis: What Can We Learn? by Matteo Lucchese and Mario Pianta * The Finnish Pension System and Its Future Challengesby Tarmo Valkonen
FORUM
THE COST OF GROWING OLD: CHALLENGES FOR EUROPEAN PENSION SYSTEMS Pension reform has been on the agendas of many European policymakers for the better part of the last three decades. Undoubtedly, most will need to re-evaluate their systems due to the coronavirus crisis, at least temporarily. With Europe’s ageing populations, declining fertility rates and increasing life expectancy, the associated rise in the old-age dependency ratio puts strain on unfunded, pay-as-you-go pension systems. This implicit pension debt has important macroeconomic implications. It is necessary to look at a country’s history and key features of its pension system in order to understand the related policy discussion. In this Forum, MIKKEL BARSLUND, DANIELE FRANCO, PIETRO TOMMASINO, HERVÉ BOULHOL, MARTIN WERDING and TARMO VALKONEN analyse the effects of different pension arrangements – with a focus on the challenges, history and demographics of Finland, France, Germany and Italy – on labour markets, on national growth, and on the distribution of burdens and benefits.To the Forum
EDITORIAL
THE PANDEMIC REQUIRES A COORDINATED GLOBAL ECONOMIC RESPONSE If economic leaders continue to act at a national level, as has been the case for the past few weeks, there is a risk of a race to the bottom and beggar-thy-neighbour policies. The Covid-19 pandemic is a symmetric global shock that equates to vanishing demand globally – with instances of a negative supply shock and, thus, shortages, for some sectors. Such shock requires fiscal and monetary stimulus in a coordinated manner. ALICIA GARCÍA HERRERO details the steps needed to reduce the economic impact of the coronavirus pandemic and warns: “There is no time to lose.” The Pandemic Requires a Coordinated Global Economic ResponseFORUM
THE FINNISH PENSION SYSTEM AND ITS FUTURE CHALLENGES TARMO VALKONEN tackles some of the challenges facing the Finnish pension system - arguably one of the more successful pension programmes in Europe in terms of fiscal sustainability and coverage - including life expectancies among socio-economic groups and changes in the structure of labour markets. Finland's automatic sustainability stabiliser that links the pension age to life expectancy is a key feature, one that is now being instituted in a number of EU countries such as Italy and possibly in France as well.Read the article
LETTER FROM AMERICA
PUBLIC PENSION REFORM IN THE U.S. PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN Currently, the U.S. public pension system, known as Social Security, expects that by 2035, dedicated revenues will cover just 80% of the pension payments promised under today’s benefit formula. And the developing coronavirus crisis may decrease that estimate. Still, this issue has not played a significant roll in the 2020 presidential campaign - despite Democrats' efforts to raise interest. GARY BURTLESS looks at the candidates and where they stand on Social Securityreform.
Read the article
CORONAVIRUS CRISIS
THE COMING CORONAVIRUS CRISIS: WHAT CAN WE LEARN? The coronavirus pandemic is rapidly changing health conditions, daily life, social relationships and economic prospects around the world. It is important to learn the key lessons of its economic consequences and open up a debate on the possible actions that can set our societies on a more stable, healthy, egalitarian and sustainable trajectory of development. MATTEO LUCCHESE and MARIO PIANTA argue that it would be a mistake to believe that, once the pandemic has passed, the economy could go back to ‘normal’. It is necessary to rethink production and consumption in light of health and environmental needs. The Coming Coronavirus Crisis: What Can We Learn? VOLUME 55 · 2020 · ISSUE 2CONTENTS
Contents
*
THE PANDEMIC REQUIRES A COORDINATED GLOBAL ECONOMIC RESPONSE Alicia García Herrero*
THE COST OF GROWING OLDER: CHALLENGES FOR EUROPEAN PENSION SYSTEMS Mikkel Barslund, Hervé Boulhol, Daniele Franco, Pietro Tommasino, Tarmo Valkonen, Martin Werding*
THE COMING CORONAVIRUS CRISIS: WHAT CAN WE LEARN? Matteo Lucchese, Mario Pianta*
MICRO-FOUNDATIONS OF DIVERGING ECONOMIC POLICIES: KEYNESIAN, BEHAVIOURAL, NEOCLASSICRonald Schettkat
*
NEW CAP DELIVERY MODEL, OLD ISSUES Emil Erjavec, Marko Lovec, Tanja Šumrada*
THE WELFARE IMPLICATIONS OF THE EUROPEAN TRUCKS CARTEL Christian Beyer, Korbinian von Blanckenburg, Elke Kottmann*
PUBLIC PENSION REFORM IN THE U.S. PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGNGary Burtless
FIGURE OF THE MONTH
PROJECTED CHANGES IN PENSION EXPENDITURES IN EU COUNTRIES The figure from MIKKEL BARSLUND's Forum article "Pension Systems in the EU – Some Policy Issues"
shows the projected changes in pension expenditures in EU countries. Ageing populations will lead to only a moderate overall increase in pension expenditures as a percentage of GDP towards 2040. The main drivers of this development have been cross-country decreases in the average pension paid out relative to average country wages (the pension benefit ratio) and a substantial (expected) increase in the future effective retirement age.QUOTE OF THE MONTH
THE COMING CORONAVIRUS CRISIS: WHAT CAN WE LEARN? "Before the coronavirus pandemic, the most likely scenario for the US was a continuation of financial expansion – artificially supported by fiscal and monetary policies – until the presidential elections in November 2020. Typically, there is never a recession on the eve of a US presidential election; adjustments and crises usually occur the following year. If that were the case, Trump would likely win again, riding on the wave of a growing economy with low unemployment, and relying on the right-oriented radicalisation of his core electorate." From MATTEO LUCCHESE and MARIO PIANTA's article The Coming Coronavirus Crisis: What Can We Learn? 50 YEARS OF INTERECONOMICS THE 1960S: THE GROWTH YEARS INTERECONOMICS BEGINS PUBLICATION Beginning in 1963, the English-language version of the journal _Wirtschaftsdienst_ underwent several changes before emerging as the new journal _Intereconomics – Monthly Review of International Trade and Development_ in 1966 … Continue THE 1970S: UPHEAVAL IN THE INTERNATIONAL MONETARY SYSTEM INTERECONOMICS STARTS TO BECOME ESTABLISHED In 1971 Intereconomics moved into its current location along the Inner Alster Lake in the heart of Hamburg. The editorial staff members were primarily male, young and inexperienced, but … Continue THE 1980S: EXPANSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY GROWING INDEPENDENCE OF THE JOURNAL On 1 January 1981 the southward extension of the European Communities started with the accession of Greece, and Spain and Portugal followed in 1986 ... Continue THE 1990S: THE FALL OF COMMUNISM AND THE UNITING OF EUROPE FIRST STEPS TOWARDS A MORE EUROPEAN JOURNAL Many of the topics covered by _Intereconomics_ were directly related to the collapse of communism and the dissolution of the Soviet Union – in particular the impact of German reunification … Continue THE 2000S: A SHIFT IN FOCUS A SHIFT IN FOCUS – REVIEW OF EUROPEAN ECONOMIC POLICY A major change in the content of _Intereconomics_ took place at the turn of the millennium. From its inception, _Intereconomics_ had carried the subtitle “Review of International Trade and Development” and dealt correspondingly with subjects such as …Continue
THE 2010S: THE AFTERMATH OF THE CRISIS ESTABLISHING A PRESENCE IN BRUSSELS VIA A PARTNERSHIP WITH CEPS In 2011 _Intereconomics_ began hosting annual conferences in Brussels, giving contributing authors an opportunity to present their findings and discuss and debate their policy recommendations … Continue* 1960s
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