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HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: J.P. DAS The biographical profile of Anne Anastasi, focusing on his/her contributions to the development of intelligence theory and testing. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: INTELLIGENCE THEORY AND GIFTED EDUCATION Looking Back (back to outline)The unitary, entity view of intelligence ("g") has been by far the most influential conception of intelligence since Spearman first provided evidence of its existence early in the 20th century.Although g is much maligned in educational circles, anyone concluding that unitary entity perspectives are out of fashion should note the passion surrounding the publication HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: IMMANUEL KANT The biographical profile of Immanuel Kant, focusing on his/her contributions to the development of intelligence theory and testing. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: LEV SEMYONOVICH VYGOTSKY The biographical profile of David Wechsler, focusing on his/her contributions to the development of intelligence theory and testing. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: HARRY LEVI HOLLINGWORTH The biographical profile of Harry Levi Hollingworth, focusing on his/her contributions to the development of intelligence theory andtesting.
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: PHILIP E. VERNON The biographical profile of Philip E. Vernon, focusing on his/her contributions to the development of intelligence theory and testing. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: DAVID WECHSLER The biographical profile of David Wechsler, focusing on his/her contributions to the development of intelligence theory and testing. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: ARTHUR JENSEN The biographical profile of Arthur Jense, focusing on his/her contributions to the development of intelligence theory and testing. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: BIOGRAPHICAL PROFILES, CURRENTINTERACTIVE MAPALPHABETICAL INDEXTIME PERIOD INDEXHOT TOPICSMAP This site includes biographical profiles of people who have influenced the development of intelligence theory and testing, in-depth articles exploring current controversies related to human intelligence, and resources for teachers. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: JEAN-MARC GASPARD ITARDMAP The biographical profile of Jean-Marc Gaspard Itard, focusing on his/her contributions to the development of intelligence theory andtesting.
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: J.P. DAS The biographical profile of Anne Anastasi, focusing on his/her contributions to the development of intelligence theory and testing. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: INTELLIGENCE THEORY AND GIFTED EDUCATION Looking Back (back to outline)The unitary, entity view of intelligence ("g") has been by far the most influential conception of intelligence since Spearman first provided evidence of its existence early in the 20th century.Although g is much maligned in educational circles, anyone concluding that unitary entity perspectives are out of fashion should note the passion surrounding the publication HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: IMMANUEL KANT The biographical profile of Immanuel Kant, focusing on his/her contributions to the development of intelligence theory and testing. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: LEV SEMYONOVICH VYGOTSKY The biographical profile of David Wechsler, focusing on his/her contributions to the development of intelligence theory and testing. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: HARRY LEVI HOLLINGWORTH The biographical profile of Harry Levi Hollingworth, focusing on his/her contributions to the development of intelligence theory andtesting.
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: PHILIP E. VERNON The biographical profile of Philip E. Vernon, focusing on his/her contributions to the development of intelligence theory and testing. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: DAVID WECHSLER The biographical profile of David Wechsler, focusing on his/her contributions to the development of intelligence theory and testing. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: ARTHUR JENSEN The biographical profile of Arthur Jense, focusing on his/her contributions to the development of intelligence theory and testing. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: BIOGRAPHICAL PROFILES, CURRENT This site includes biographical profiles of people who have influenced the development of intelligence theory and testing, in-depth articles exploring current controversies related to human intelligence, and resources for teachers. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: LEV SEMYONOVICH VYGOTSKY The biographical profile of David Wechsler, focusing on his/her contributions to the development of intelligence theory and testing. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: ARISTOTLE The biographical profile of Aristotle, focusing on his/her contributions to the development of intelligence theory and testing. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: THEODORE SIMON The biographical profile of Theodore Simon, focusing on his/her contributions to the development of intelligence theory and testing. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: DAVID HUME The biographical profile of Psyche Cattel, focusing on his/her contributions to the development of intelligence theory and testing. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: WALTER V. BINGHAM The biographical profile of Walter V. Bingha, focusing on his/her contributions to the development of intelligence theory and testing. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: HENRY HERBERT GODDARD The biographical profile of Henry Herbert Goddard, focusing on his/her contributions to the development of intelligence theory and testing. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: L.L. THURSTONE The biographical profile of L.L. Thurstone, focusing on his/her contributions to the development of intelligence theory and testing. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: ALAN S. KAUFMAN The biographical profile of Anne Anastasi, focusing on his/her contributions to the development of intelligence theory and testing.HUMAN INTELLIGENCE:
Goddard's Research (back to outline)In 1906, Goddard was hired by the Vineland Training School to conduct research on the genetic causes of feeble-mindedness. His research was two-tiered: In addition to translating and administering the Binet-Simon Measuring Scale, he sent research assistants into the homes of feeble-minded children to learn what they could through "careful and wise HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: BIOGRAPHICAL PROFILES, CURRENTINTERACTIVE MAPALPHABETICAL INDEXTIME PERIOD INDEXHOT TOPICSMAP This site includes biographical profiles of people who have influenced the development of intelligence theory and testing, in-depth articles exploring current controversies related to human intelligence, and resources for teachers. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: J.P. DAS Definition of Intelligence. “Intelligence is the sum total of all cognitive processes. It entails planning, coding of information and attention, as well as arousal (personal communication, 2004).”. Major Contributions. Co-Author of the Planning-Attention-Simultaneous-Successive (PASS) theory of cognitive processing (1975; 1994) Co-Author HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: ARTHUR JENSEN Ideas & Interests. Arthur Jensen’s emergence as an important figure in the history of human intelligence theory occurred in February of 1969, with the publication of a controversial essay in the Harvard Educational Review. In the article, Jensen presented evidence that racial differences in intelligence test scores may have a geneticorigin.
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: LEV SEMYONOVICH VYGOTSKY Vygotsky's most controversial contention was that all higher mental functions originate in the social environment. His approach to intelligence emphasized intelligence as a process activity rather than a state entity. An important concept in Vygotsky's theory is the zone of proximal development. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: PHILIP E. VERNON Definition of Intelligence. “Intelligence A is the basic potentiality of the organism, whether animal or human, to learn and to adapt to its environmentIntelligence A is determined by the genes but is mediated mainly by the complexity and plasticity of the central nervous systemIntelligence B is the level of ability that a person HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: DAVID WECHSLER David Wechsler is best known for developing several widely-used intelligence tests, including the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (Wechsler, 1949) and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (Wechsler, 1955). Updated versions of these tests remain popular in the 21st century (WISC-IV®, 2003; WAIS-III®, 1997) and new testsfounded on
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: IMMANUEL KANT One of his greatest contributions to philosophy was the merging of rationalism and empiricism. argued that the mind brings to experience certain qualities of its own that order it. These are the twelve a priori categories of causality, unity, totality, and the like, and the a priori intuitions of time and space. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: DAVID HUME Hume also argued that it was part of the domain of natural philosophy to explain how sensation works. The most basic elements of sensation are "perceptions", which can come in two forms: "impressions and "ideas". The former are more "vivacious" and "forceful" than the latter. Impressions are further divided into impressions of sensationsand
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: JEAN-MARC GASPARD ITARD Ideas and Interests. Jean-Marc Gaspard Itard was educated to be a tradesman, but during the French Revolution he joined the army and became an assistant surgeon at a military hospital in Toulon. He had no scientific training and received his medical HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: HARRY LEVI HOLLINGWORTH Professor of Psychology in Barnard College, Columbia University. Harry Levi Hollingworth authored several texts on aspects related to psychology with interest applied to mental growth and decline, the psychology of thought, and vocational psychology. He sought to find unity and coherence in the account and relation of psychological facts HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: BIOGRAPHICAL PROFILES, CURRENTINTERACTIVE MAPALPHABETICAL INDEXTIME PERIOD INDEXHOT TOPICSMAP This site includes biographical profiles of people who have influenced the development of intelligence theory and testing, in-depth articles exploring current controversies related to human intelligence, and resources for teachers. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: J.P. DAS Definition of Intelligence. “Intelligence is the sum total of all cognitive processes. It entails planning, coding of information and attention, as well as arousal (personal communication, 2004).”. Major Contributions. Co-Author of the Planning-Attention-Simultaneous-Successive (PASS) theory of cognitive processing (1975; 1994) Co-Author HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: ARTHUR JENSEN Ideas & Interests. Arthur Jensen’s emergence as an important figure in the history of human intelligence theory occurred in February of 1969, with the publication of a controversial essay in the Harvard Educational Review. In the article, Jensen presented evidence that racial differences in intelligence test scores may have a geneticorigin.
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: LEV SEMYONOVICH VYGOTSKY Vygotsky's most controversial contention was that all higher mental functions originate in the social environment. His approach to intelligence emphasized intelligence as a process activity rather than a state entity. An important concept in Vygotsky's theory is the zone of proximal development. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: PHILIP E. VERNON Definition of Intelligence. “Intelligence A is the basic potentiality of the organism, whether animal or human, to learn and to adapt to its environmentIntelligence A is determined by the genes but is mediated mainly by the complexity and plasticity of the central nervous systemIntelligence B is the level of ability that a person HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: DAVID WECHSLER David Wechsler is best known for developing several widely-used intelligence tests, including the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (Wechsler, 1949) and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (Wechsler, 1955). Updated versions of these tests remain popular in the 21st century (WISC-IV®, 2003; WAIS-III®, 1997) and new testsfounded on
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: IMMANUEL KANT One of his greatest contributions to philosophy was the merging of rationalism and empiricism. argued that the mind brings to experience certain qualities of its own that order it. These are the twelve a priori categories of causality, unity, totality, and the like, and the a priori intuitions of time and space. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: DAVID HUME Hume also argued that it was part of the domain of natural philosophy to explain how sensation works. The most basic elements of sensation are "perceptions", which can come in two forms: "impressions and "ideas". The former are more "vivacious" and "forceful" than the latter. Impressions are further divided into impressions of sensationsand
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: JEAN-MARC GASPARD ITARD Ideas and Interests. Jean-Marc Gaspard Itard was educated to be a tradesman, but during the French Revolution he joined the army and became an assistant surgeon at a military hospital in Toulon. He had no scientific training and received his medical HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: HARRY LEVI HOLLINGWORTH Professor of Psychology in Barnard College, Columbia University. Harry Levi Hollingworth authored several texts on aspects related to psychology with interest applied to mental growth and decline, the psychology of thought, and vocational psychology. He sought to find unity and coherence in the account and relation of psychological facts HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: BIOGRAPHICAL PROFILES, CURRENT This site includes biographical profiles of people who have influenced the development of intelligence theory and testing, in-depth articles exploring current controversies related to human intelligence, and resources for teachers. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: LEV SEMYONOVICH VYGOTSKY Vygotsky's most controversial contention was that all higher mental functions originate in the social environment. His approach to intelligence emphasized intelligence as a process activity rather than a state entity. An important concept in Vygotsky's theory is the zone of proximal development. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: L.L. THURSTONE Definition of Intelligence. “Intelligence, considered as a mental trait, is the capacity to make impulses focal at their early, unfinished stage of formation. Intelligence is therefore the capacity for abstraction, which is an inhibitory process (Thurstone, 1924/1973 p. 159).”. Major Contributions. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: THEODORE SIMON Influenced: The Binet-Simon Scale. Theodore Simon, colleague of Alfred Binet in Paris, helped develop and coauthor a test to roughly estimate intelligence. The principal conclusion from their work was that the test could measure the intellectual development of young children between the age of three and twelve years old. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: HENRY HERBERT GODDARD Ideas and Interests. It is no exaggeration to characterize Henry Goddard as the father of intelligence testing in the United States. His biographer points out that he was either a leader or a participant in every significant event occurring during the genesis of Americanpsychometrics.
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: ARISTOTLE Aristotle described the psyche as a substance able to receive knowledge. Knowledge is obtained through the psyche's capability of intelligence, although the five senses are also necessary to obtain knowledge. "As Aristotle describes the process, the sense receives 'the form of sensible objects without the matter, just as the waxreceives the
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: JEAN-MARC GASPARD ITARD Ideas and Interests. Jean-Marc Gaspard Itard was educated to be a tradesman, but during the French Revolution he joined the army and became an assistant surgeon at a military hospital in Toulon. He had no scientific training and received his medical HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: WALTER V. BINGHAM Walter Bingham was a member of Yerkes' team. Bingham believed that intelligence is a complex set of factors that can be measured by looking at individual aptitudes for mathematical, verbal, mechanical and social skills (Bingham, 1937, p 39, 42). He asserted that intelligence manifests itself three dimensions: HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: JEAN PIAGET Piaget suggested that one way to reconcile these two approaches would be to adopt a method clinique, whereby a traditional intelligence test could serve as the basis for a clinical interview (Elkind, 1969). *Epistemology: n. a branch of philosophy that investigates the origin, nature, methods, and limits of human knowledge. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: THE CYRIL BURT AFFAIR Conclusions. Burt's Work ( back to outline) Cyril Lodowic Burt, born on March 3, 1883, was a leading figure in psychology during an exciting time when psychology was breaking away from philosophy and becoming a field of its own. Burt's research on factor analysis and the genetics of intelligence was groundbreaking, and helped to pave anew path
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: BIOGRAPHICAL PROFILES, CURRENTINTERACTIVE MAPALPHABETICAL INDEXTIME PERIOD INDEXHOT TOPICSMAP This site includes biographical profiles of people who have influenced the development of intelligence theory and testing, in-depth articles exploring current controversies related to human intelligence, and resources for teachers. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: THE BELL CURVE CONTENT Introduction - assumptions about intelligence . The Bell Curve begins with fundamental and important assumptions, makes assertions (supported by the author’s evidence), draws conclusions based on statistical analysis of the evidentiary data, and concludes with wide-ranging recommendations for national policy-makers to follow. The authors state that their main motive is, " the quest HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: ARTHUR JENSEN Ideas & Interests. Arthur Jensen’s emergence as an important figure in the history of human intelligence theory occurred in February of 1969, with the publication of a controversial essay in the Harvard Educational Review. In the article, Jensen presented evidence that racial differences in intelligence test scores may have a geneticorigin.
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: INTELLIGENCE THEORY AND GIFTED EDUCATION The interrelationship between intelligence and gifted education continues today. Intelligence theory influences the way we identify and assess students, our attitudes toward giftedness and gifted students, the models upon which we base our programs and interventions, and many other aspects of gifted education. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: DAVID WECHSLER David Wechsler is best known for developing several widely-used intelligence tests, including the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (Wechsler, 1949) and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (Wechsler, 1955). Updated versions of these tests remain popular in the 21st century (WISC-IV®, 2003; WAIS-III®, 1997) and new testsfounded on
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: HENRY HERBERT GODDARD Ideas and Interests. It is no exaggeration to characterize Henry Goddard as the father of intelligence testing in the United States. His biographer points out that he was either a leader or a participant in every significant event occurring during the genesis of Americanpsychometrics.
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: PHILIP E. VERNON Definition of Intelligence. “Intelligence A is the basic potentiality of the organism, whether animal or human, to learn and to adapt to its environmentIntelligence A is determined by the genes but is mediated mainly by the complexity and plasticity of the central nervous systemIntelligence B is the level of ability that a person HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: EDWARD L. THORNDIKE Thorndike and his students used objective measurements of intelligence on human subjects as early as 1903. By the time the United States entered WWI, Thorndike had developed methods for measuring a wide variety of abilities and achievements. During the 1920's he developed a test of intelligence that consisted of completion, arithmetic HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: JEAN-MARC GASPARD ITARD Ideas and Interests. Jean-Marc Gaspard Itard was educated to be a tradesman, but during the French Revolution he joined the army and became an assistant surgeon at a military hospital in Toulon. He had no scientific training and received his medical HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: THOMAS HOBBES Hobbes believed that understanding the psychology of individuals was necessary before one could develop an understanding of the state and government. He believed that humans are fearful and predatory, and must submit completely to the supremacy of the state in both secular and religious concerns. Hobbes asserted that there is a difference HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: BIOGRAPHICAL PROFILES, CURRENTINTERACTIVE MAPALPHABETICAL INDEXTIME PERIOD INDEXHOT TOPICSMAP This site includes biographical profiles of people who have influenced the development of intelligence theory and testing, in-depth articles exploring current controversies related to human intelligence, and resources for teachers. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: THE BELL CURVE CONTENT Introduction - assumptions about intelligence . The Bell Curve begins with fundamental and important assumptions, makes assertions (supported by the author’s evidence), draws conclusions based on statistical analysis of the evidentiary data, and concludes with wide-ranging recommendations for national policy-makers to follow. The authors state that their main motive is, " the quest HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: ARTHUR JENSEN Ideas & Interests. Arthur Jensen’s emergence as an important figure in the history of human intelligence theory occurred in February of 1969, with the publication of a controversial essay in the Harvard Educational Review. In the article, Jensen presented evidence that racial differences in intelligence test scores may have a geneticorigin.
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: INTELLIGENCE THEORY AND GIFTED EDUCATION The interrelationship between intelligence and gifted education continues today. Intelligence theory influences the way we identify and assess students, our attitudes toward giftedness and gifted students, the models upon which we base our programs and interventions, and many other aspects of gifted education. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: DAVID WECHSLER David Wechsler is best known for developing several widely-used intelligence tests, including the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (Wechsler, 1949) and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (Wechsler, 1955). Updated versions of these tests remain popular in the 21st century (WISC-IV®, 2003; WAIS-III®, 1997) and new testsfounded on
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: HENRY HERBERT GODDARD Ideas and Interests. It is no exaggeration to characterize Henry Goddard as the father of intelligence testing in the United States. His biographer points out that he was either a leader or a participant in every significant event occurring during the genesis of Americanpsychometrics.
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: PHILIP E. VERNON Definition of Intelligence. “Intelligence A is the basic potentiality of the organism, whether animal or human, to learn and to adapt to its environmentIntelligence A is determined by the genes but is mediated mainly by the complexity and plasticity of the central nervous systemIntelligence B is the level of ability that a person HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: EDWARD L. THORNDIKE Thorndike and his students used objective measurements of intelligence on human subjects as early as 1903. By the time the United States entered WWI, Thorndike had developed methods for measuring a wide variety of abilities and achievements. During the 1920's he developed a test of intelligence that consisted of completion, arithmetic HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: JEAN-MARC GASPARD ITARD Ideas and Interests. Jean-Marc Gaspard Itard was educated to be a tradesman, but during the French Revolution he joined the army and became an assistant surgeon at a military hospital in Toulon. He had no scientific training and received his medical HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: THOMAS HOBBES Hobbes believed that understanding the psychology of individuals was necessary before one could develop an understanding of the state and government. He believed that humans are fearful and predatory, and must submit completely to the supremacy of the state in both secular and religious concerns. Hobbes asserted that there is a difference HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: BIOGRAPHICAL PROFILES, CURRENT This site includes biographical profiles of people who have influenced the development of intelligence theory and testing, in-depth articles exploring current controversies related to human intelligence, and resources for teachers. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: PHILIP E. VERNON Definition of Intelligence. “Intelligence A is the basic potentiality of the organism, whether animal or human, to learn and to adapt to its environmentIntelligence A is determined by the genes but is mediated mainly by the complexity and plasticity of the central nervous systemIntelligence B is the level of ability that a person HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: J.P. DAS Definition of Intelligence. “Intelligence is the sum total of all cognitive processes. It entails planning, coding of information and attention, as well as arousal (personal communication, 2004).”. Major Contributions. Co-Author of the Planning-Attention-Simultaneous-Successive (PASS) theory of cognitive processing (1975; 1994) Co-Author HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: HOWARD GARDNER The seven intelligences proposed by Gardner are linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal and intrapersonal. Linguistic intelligence enables individuals to read, write and speak well. Logical-mathematical intelligence encompasses logical thinking (as might be used in chess or deductive reasoning, for HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: JOHN B. CARROL Ideas and Interests. John Carroll is well-known for his seminal work, Human Cognitive Abilities: A Survey of Factor Analytic Studies (1993), in which he reanalyzed over 400 data sets of cognitive ability test scores. Based on his reanalyses, he proposed a Three-stratum Model of Human Cognitive Abilities. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: CYRIL L. BURT Ideas & Interests. Sir Cyril Burt remains one of the most complex and intriguing figures in the history of intelligence testing. He was a pioneer of educational psychology in England and was one of the most respected and honored psychologists of his time. However, he had controversial ideas regarding the heritability of intelligence, andthere
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: L.L. THURSTONE Definition of Intelligence. “Intelligence, considered as a mental trait, is the capacity to make impulses focal at their early, unfinished stage of formation. Intelligence is therefore the capacity for abstraction, which is an inhibitory process (Thurstone, 1924/1973 p. 159).”. Major Contributions. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: THE CYRIL BURT AFFAIR Conclusions. Burt's Work ( back to outline) Cyril Lodowic Burt, born on March 3, 1883, was a leading figure in psychology during an exciting time when psychology was breaking away from philosophy and becoming a field of its own. Burt's research on factor analysis and the genetics of intelligence was groundbreaking, and helped to pave anew path
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE:
Goddard's Research (back to outline)In 1906, Goddard was hired by the Vineland Training School to conduct research on the genetic causes of feeble-mindedness. His research was two-tiered: In addition to translating and administering the Binet-Simon Measuring Scale, he sent research assistants into the homes of feeble-minded children to learn what they could through "careful and wise HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: THE ROLE OF STANDARDIZED INTELLIGENCE The Role of Standardized Intelligence Measures in Testing for Giftedness. The purpose of this article is to acquaint parents to some of the salient issues that revolve around the use of intelligence tests in gifted education placement decisions. Readers are encouraged to first visit the Hot Topic, Individually Administered IntelligenceTests
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: BIOGRAPHICAL PROFILES, CURRENTINTERACTIVE MAPALPHABETICAL INDEXTIME PERIOD INDEXHOT TOPICSMAP This site includes biographical profiles of people who have influenced the development of intelligence theory and testing, in-depth articles exploring current controversies related to human intelligence, and resources for teachers. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: ARTHUR JENSEN Ideas & Interests. Arthur Jensen’s emergence as an important figure in the history of human intelligence theory occurred in February of 1969, with the publication of a controversial essay in the Harvard Educational Review. In the article, Jensen presented evidence that racial differences in intelligence test scores may have a geneticorigin.
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: J.P. DAS Definition of Intelligence. “Intelligence is the sum total of all cognitive processes. It entails planning, coding of information and attention, as well as arousal (personal communication, 2004).”. Major Contributions. Co-Author of the Planning-Attention-Simultaneous-Successive (PASS) theory of cognitive processing (1975; 1994) Co-Author HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: ALAN S. KAUFMANSEE MORE ON INTELLTHEORY.COM HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: DAVID WECHSLER David Wechsler is best known for developing several widely-used intelligence tests, including the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (Wechsler, 1949) and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (Wechsler, 1955). Updated versions of these tests remain popular in the 21st century (WISC-IV®, 2003; WAIS-III®, 1997) and new testsfounded on
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: DAVID HUME Hume also argued that it was part of the domain of natural philosophy to explain how sensation works. The most basic elements of sensation are "perceptions", which can come in two forms: "impressions and "ideas". The former are more "vivacious" and "forceful" than the latter. Impressions are further divided into impressions of sensationsand
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: INTELLIGENCE THEORY AND GIFTED EDUCATION The interrelationship between intelligence and gifted education continues today. Intelligence theory influences the way we identify and assess students, our attitudes toward giftedness and gifted students, the models upon which we base our programs and interventions, and many other aspects of gifted education. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: PHILIP E. VERNON Definition of Intelligence. “Intelligence A is the basic potentiality of the organism, whether animal or human, to learn and to adapt to its environmentIntelligence A is determined by the genes but is mediated mainly by the complexity and plasticity of the central nervous systemIntelligence B is the level of ability that a person HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: JEAN-MARC GASPARD ITARD Ideas and Interests. Jean-Marc Gaspard Itard was educated to be a tradesman, but during the French Revolution he joined the army and became an assistant surgeon at a military hospital in Toulon. He had no scientific training and received his medical HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: HARRY LEVI HOLLINGWORTH Professor of Psychology in Barnard College, Columbia University. Harry Levi Hollingworth authored several texts on aspects related to psychology with interest applied to mental growth and decline, the psychology of thought, and vocational psychology. He sought to find unity and coherence in the account and relation of psychological facts HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: BIOGRAPHICAL PROFILES, CURRENTINTERACTIVE MAPALPHABETICAL INDEXTIME PERIOD INDEXHOT TOPICSMAP This site includes biographical profiles of people who have influenced the development of intelligence theory and testing, in-depth articles exploring current controversies related to human intelligence, and resources for teachers. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: ARTHUR JENSEN Ideas & Interests. Arthur Jensen’s emergence as an important figure in the history of human intelligence theory occurred in February of 1969, with the publication of a controversial essay in the Harvard Educational Review. In the article, Jensen presented evidence that racial differences in intelligence test scores may have a geneticorigin.
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: J.P. DAS Definition of Intelligence. “Intelligence is the sum total of all cognitive processes. It entails planning, coding of information and attention, as well as arousal (personal communication, 2004).”. Major Contributions. Co-Author of the Planning-Attention-Simultaneous-Successive (PASS) theory of cognitive processing (1975; 1994) Co-Author HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: ALAN S. KAUFMANSEE MORE ON INTELLTHEORY.COM HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: DAVID WECHSLER David Wechsler is best known for developing several widely-used intelligence tests, including the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (Wechsler, 1949) and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (Wechsler, 1955). Updated versions of these tests remain popular in the 21st century (WISC-IV®, 2003; WAIS-III®, 1997) and new testsfounded on
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: DAVID HUME Hume also argued that it was part of the domain of natural philosophy to explain how sensation works. The most basic elements of sensation are "perceptions", which can come in two forms: "impressions and "ideas". The former are more "vivacious" and "forceful" than the latter. Impressions are further divided into impressions of sensationsand
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: INTELLIGENCE THEORY AND GIFTED EDUCATION The interrelationship between intelligence and gifted education continues today. Intelligence theory influences the way we identify and assess students, our attitudes toward giftedness and gifted students, the models upon which we base our programs and interventions, and many other aspects of gifted education. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: PHILIP E. VERNON Definition of Intelligence. “Intelligence A is the basic potentiality of the organism, whether animal or human, to learn and to adapt to its environmentIntelligence A is determined by the genes but is mediated mainly by the complexity and plasticity of the central nervous systemIntelligence B is the level of ability that a person HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: JEAN-MARC GASPARD ITARD Ideas and Interests. Jean-Marc Gaspard Itard was educated to be a tradesman, but during the French Revolution he joined the army and became an assistant surgeon at a military hospital in Toulon. He had no scientific training and received his medical HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: HARRY LEVI HOLLINGWORTH Professor of Psychology in Barnard College, Columbia University. Harry Levi Hollingworth authored several texts on aspects related to psychology with interest applied to mental growth and decline, the psychology of thought, and vocational psychology. He sought to find unity and coherence in the account and relation of psychological facts HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: PHILIP E. VERNON Definition of Intelligence. “Intelligence A is the basic potentiality of the organism, whether animal or human, to learn and to adapt to its environmentIntelligence A is determined by the genes but is mediated mainly by the complexity and plasticity of the central nervous systemIntelligence B is the level of ability that a person HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: EDWARD L. THORNDIKE Thorndike and his students used objective measurements of intelligence on human subjects as early as 1903. By the time the United States entered WWI, Thorndike had developed methods for measuring a wide variety of abilities and achievements. During the 1920's he developed a test of intelligence that consisted of completion, arithmetic HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: L.L. THURSTONE Definition of Intelligence. “Intelligence, considered as a mental trait, is the capacity to make impulses focal at their early, unfinished stage of formation. Intelligence is therefore the capacity for abstraction, which is an inhibitory process (Thurstone, 1924/1973 p. 159).”. Major Contributions. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: HENRY HERBERT GODDARD Ideas and Interests. It is no exaggeration to characterize Henry Goddard as the father of intelligence testing in the United States. His biographer points out that he was either a leader or a participant in every significant event occurring during the genesis of Americanpsychometrics.
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE:
Goddard's Research (back to outline)In 1906, Goddard was hired by the Vineland Training School to conduct research on the genetic causes of feeble-mindedness. His research was two-tiered: In addition to translating and administering the Binet-Simon Measuring Scale, he sent research assistants into the homes of feeble-minded children to learn what they could through "careful and wiseHUMAN INTELLIGENCE:
The cerebral cortex is a part of the brain that helps with, among other things, motor control, speech, memory, and auditory reception. The trion model, developed by Shaw, showed that similar neural firings patterns occur when listening to music and performing spatial tasks (Leng & Shaw, 1991). HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: DOUGLAS K. DETTERMAN Another of Dr. Detterman’s important contributions to the field of intelligence theory has been his role as leader and initiator. In 1977 he founded Intelligence: A Multidisciplinary Journal, a peer-reviewed publication devoted to high-quality research on human cognitive ability. He still serves as editor. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: JEAN PIAGET Piaget suggested that one way to reconcile these two approaches would be to adopt a method clinique, whereby a traditional intelligence test could serve as the basis for a clinical interview (Elkind, 1969). *Epistemology: n. a branch of philosophy that investigates the origin, nature, methods, and limits of human knowledge. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: WALTER V. BINGHAM Walter Bingham was a member of Yerkes' team. Bingham believed that intelligence is a complex set of factors that can be measured by looking at individual aptitudes for mathematical, verbal, mechanical and social skills (Bingham, 1937, p 39, 42). He asserted that intelligence manifests itself three dimensions: HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: CHARLES DARWIN In TheDescent of Man (1871/1896), Darwin presented numerous examples supporting his contention that humans and nonhuman animals share cognitive attributes like wonder, curiosity, long-term memory, the ability to pay attention, imitate the behavior of others, and to reason (Darwin, 1871/1896, p.65-113). HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: BIOGRAPHICAL PROFILES, CURRENTINTERACTIVE MAPALPHABETICAL INDEXTIME PERIOD INDEXHOT TOPICSMAP This site includes biographical profiles of people who have influenced the development of intelligence theory and testing, in-depth articles exploring current controversies related to human intelligence, and resources for teachers. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: ARTHUR JENSEN Ideas & Interests. Arthur Jensen’s emergence as an important figure in the history of human intelligence theory occurred in February of 1969, with the publication of a controversial essay in the Harvard Educational Review. In the article, Jensen presented evidence that racial differences in intelligence test scores may have a geneticorigin.
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: J.P. DAS Definition of Intelligence. “Intelligence is the sum total of all cognitive processes. It entails planning, coding of information and attention, as well as arousal (personal communication, 2004).”. Major Contributions. Co-Author of the Planning-Attention-Simultaneous-Successive (PASS) theory of cognitive processing (1975; 1994) Co-Author HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: ALAN S. KAUFMANSEE MORE ON INTELLTHEORY.COM HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: DAVID WECHSLER David Wechsler is best known for developing several widely-used intelligence tests, including the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (Wechsler, 1949) and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (Wechsler, 1955). Updated versions of these tests remain popular in the 21st century (WISC-IV®, 2003; WAIS-III®, 1997) and new testsfounded on
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: DAVID HUME Hume also argued that it was part of the domain of natural philosophy to explain how sensation works. The most basic elements of sensation are "perceptions", which can come in two forms: "impressions and "ideas". The former are more "vivacious" and "forceful" than the latter. Impressions are further divided into impressions of sensationsand
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: INTELLIGENCE THEORY AND GIFTED EDUCATION The interrelationship between intelligence and gifted education continues today. Intelligence theory influences the way we identify and assess students, our attitudes toward giftedness and gifted students, the models upon which we base our programs and interventions, and many other aspects of gifted education. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: PHILIP E. VERNON Definition of Intelligence. “Intelligence A is the basic potentiality of the organism, whether animal or human, to learn and to adapt to its environmentIntelligence A is determined by the genes but is mediated mainly by the complexity and plasticity of the central nervous systemIntelligence B is the level of ability that a person HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: JEAN-MARC GASPARD ITARD Ideas and Interests. Jean-Marc Gaspard Itard was educated to be a tradesman, but during the French Revolution he joined the army and became an assistant surgeon at a military hospital in Toulon. He had no scientific training and received his medical HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: HARRY LEVI HOLLINGWORTH Professor of Psychology in Barnard College, Columbia University. Harry Levi Hollingworth authored several texts on aspects related to psychology with interest applied to mental growth and decline, the psychology of thought, and vocational psychology. He sought to find unity and coherence in the account and relation of psychological facts HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: BIOGRAPHICAL PROFILES, CURRENTINTERACTIVE MAPALPHABETICAL INDEXTIME PERIOD INDEXHOT TOPICSMAP This site includes biographical profiles of people who have influenced the development of intelligence theory and testing, in-depth articles exploring current controversies related to human intelligence, and resources for teachers. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: ARTHUR JENSEN Ideas & Interests. Arthur Jensen’s emergence as an important figure in the history of human intelligence theory occurred in February of 1969, with the publication of a controversial essay in the Harvard Educational Review. In the article, Jensen presented evidence that racial differences in intelligence test scores may have a geneticorigin.
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: J.P. DAS Definition of Intelligence. “Intelligence is the sum total of all cognitive processes. It entails planning, coding of information and attention, as well as arousal (personal communication, 2004).”. Major Contributions. Co-Author of the Planning-Attention-Simultaneous-Successive (PASS) theory of cognitive processing (1975; 1994) Co-Author HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: ALAN S. KAUFMANSEE MORE ON INTELLTHEORY.COM HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: DAVID WECHSLER David Wechsler is best known for developing several widely-used intelligence tests, including the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (Wechsler, 1949) and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (Wechsler, 1955). Updated versions of these tests remain popular in the 21st century (WISC-IV®, 2003; WAIS-III®, 1997) and new testsfounded on
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: DAVID HUME Hume also argued that it was part of the domain of natural philosophy to explain how sensation works. The most basic elements of sensation are "perceptions", which can come in two forms: "impressions and "ideas". The former are more "vivacious" and "forceful" than the latter. Impressions are further divided into impressions of sensationsand
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: INTELLIGENCE THEORY AND GIFTED EDUCATION The interrelationship between intelligence and gifted education continues today. Intelligence theory influences the way we identify and assess students, our attitudes toward giftedness and gifted students, the models upon which we base our programs and interventions, and many other aspects of gifted education. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: PHILIP E. VERNON Definition of Intelligence. “Intelligence A is the basic potentiality of the organism, whether animal or human, to learn and to adapt to its environmentIntelligence A is determined by the genes but is mediated mainly by the complexity and plasticity of the central nervous systemIntelligence B is the level of ability that a person HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: JEAN-MARC GASPARD ITARD Ideas and Interests. Jean-Marc Gaspard Itard was educated to be a tradesman, but during the French Revolution he joined the army and became an assistant surgeon at a military hospital in Toulon. He had no scientific training and received his medical HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: HARRY LEVI HOLLINGWORTH Professor of Psychology in Barnard College, Columbia University. Harry Levi Hollingworth authored several texts on aspects related to psychology with interest applied to mental growth and decline, the psychology of thought, and vocational psychology. He sought to find unity and coherence in the account and relation of psychological facts HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: PHILIP E. VERNON Definition of Intelligence. “Intelligence A is the basic potentiality of the organism, whether animal or human, to learn and to adapt to its environmentIntelligence A is determined by the genes but is mediated mainly by the complexity and plasticity of the central nervous systemIntelligence B is the level of ability that a person HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: EDWARD L. THORNDIKE Thorndike and his students used objective measurements of intelligence on human subjects as early as 1903. By the time the United States entered WWI, Thorndike had developed methods for measuring a wide variety of abilities and achievements. During the 1920's he developed a test of intelligence that consisted of completion, arithmetic HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: L.L. THURSTONE Definition of Intelligence. “Intelligence, considered as a mental trait, is the capacity to make impulses focal at their early, unfinished stage of formation. Intelligence is therefore the capacity for abstraction, which is an inhibitory process (Thurstone, 1924/1973 p. 159).”. Major Contributions. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: HENRY HERBERT GODDARD Ideas and Interests. It is no exaggeration to characterize Henry Goddard as the father of intelligence testing in the United States. His biographer points out that he was either a leader or a participant in every significant event occurring during the genesis of Americanpsychometrics.
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE:
Goddard's Research (back to outline)In 1906, Goddard was hired by the Vineland Training School to conduct research on the genetic causes of feeble-mindedness. His research was two-tiered: In addition to translating and administering the Binet-Simon Measuring Scale, he sent research assistants into the homes of feeble-minded children to learn what they could through "careful and wiseHUMAN INTELLIGENCE:
The cerebral cortex is a part of the brain that helps with, among other things, motor control, speech, memory, and auditory reception. The trion model, developed by Shaw, showed that similar neural firings patterns occur when listening to music and performing spatial tasks (Leng & Shaw, 1991). HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: DOUGLAS K. DETTERMAN Another of Dr. Detterman’s important contributions to the field of intelligence theory has been his role as leader and initiator. In 1977 he founded Intelligence: A Multidisciplinary Journal, a peer-reviewed publication devoted to high-quality research on human cognitive ability. He still serves as editor. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: JEAN PIAGET Piaget suggested that one way to reconcile these two approaches would be to adopt a method clinique, whereby a traditional intelligence test could serve as the basis for a clinical interview (Elkind, 1969). *Epistemology: n. a branch of philosophy that investigates the origin, nature, methods, and limits of human knowledge. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: WALTER V. BINGHAM Walter Bingham was a member of Yerkes' team. Bingham believed that intelligence is a complex set of factors that can be measured by looking at individual aptitudes for mathematical, verbal, mechanical and social skills (Bingham, 1937, p 39, 42). He asserted that intelligence manifests itself three dimensions: HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: CHARLES DARWIN In TheDescent of Man (1871/1896), Darwin presented numerous examples supporting his contention that humans and nonhuman animals share cognitive attributes like wonder, curiosity, long-term memory, the ability to pay attention, imitate the behavior of others, and to reason (Darwin, 1871/1896, p.65-113). HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: BIOGRAPHICAL PROFILES, CURRENTINTERACTIVE MAPALPHABETICAL INDEXTIME PERIOD INDEXHOT TOPICSMAP This site includes biographical profiles of people who have influenced the development of intelligence theory and testing, in-depth articles exploring current controversies related to human intelligence, and resources for teachers. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: ARTHUR JENSEN Ideas & Interests. Arthur Jensen’s emergence as an important figure in the history of human intelligence theory occurred in February of 1969, with the publication of a controversial essay in the Harvard Educational Review. In the article, Jensen presented evidence that racial differences in intelligence test scores may have a geneticorigin.
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: J.P. DAS Definition of Intelligence. “Intelligence is the sum total of all cognitive processes. It entails planning, coding of information and attention, as well as arousal (personal communication, 2004).”. Major Contributions. Co-Author of the Planning-Attention-Simultaneous-Successive (PASS) theory of cognitive processing (1975; 1994) Co-Author HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: ALAN S. KAUFMANSEE MORE ON INTELLTHEORY.COM HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: DAVID WECHSLER David Wechsler is best known for developing several widely-used intelligence tests, including the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (Wechsler, 1949) and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (Wechsler, 1955). Updated versions of these tests remain popular in the 21st century (WISC-IV®, 2003; WAIS-III®, 1997) and new testsfounded on
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: DAVID HUME Hume also argued that it was part of the domain of natural philosophy to explain how sensation works. The most basic elements of sensation are "perceptions", which can come in two forms: "impressions and "ideas". The former are more "vivacious" and "forceful" than the latter. Impressions are further divided into impressions of sensationsand
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: INTELLIGENCE THEORY AND GIFTED EDUCATION The interrelationship between intelligence and gifted education continues today. Intelligence theory influences the way we identify and assess students, our attitudes toward giftedness and gifted students, the models upon which we base our programs and interventions, and many other aspects of gifted education. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: PHILIP E. VERNON Definition of Intelligence. “Intelligence A is the basic potentiality of the organism, whether animal or human, to learn and to adapt to its environmentIntelligence A is determined by the genes but is mediated mainly by the complexity and plasticity of the central nervous systemIntelligence B is the level of ability that a person HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: JEAN-MARC GASPARD ITARD Ideas and Interests. Jean-Marc Gaspard Itard was educated to be a tradesman, but during the French Revolution he joined the army and became an assistant surgeon at a military hospital in Toulon. He had no scientific training and received his medical HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: HARRY LEVI HOLLINGWORTH Professor of Psychology in Barnard College, Columbia University. Harry Levi Hollingworth authored several texts on aspects related to psychology with interest applied to mental growth and decline, the psychology of thought, and vocational psychology. He sought to find unity and coherence in the account and relation of psychological facts HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: BIOGRAPHICAL PROFILES, CURRENTINTERACTIVE MAPALPHABETICAL INDEXTIME PERIOD INDEXHOT TOPICSMAP This site includes biographical profiles of people who have influenced the development of intelligence theory and testing, in-depth articles exploring current controversies related to human intelligence, and resources for teachers. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: ARTHUR JENSEN Ideas & Interests. Arthur Jensen’s emergence as an important figure in the history of human intelligence theory occurred in February of 1969, with the publication of a controversial essay in the Harvard Educational Review. In the article, Jensen presented evidence that racial differences in intelligence test scores may have a geneticorigin.
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: J.P. DAS Definition of Intelligence. “Intelligence is the sum total of all cognitive processes. It entails planning, coding of information and attention, as well as arousal (personal communication, 2004).”. Major Contributions. Co-Author of the Planning-Attention-Simultaneous-Successive (PASS) theory of cognitive processing (1975; 1994) Co-Author HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: ALAN S. KAUFMANSEE MORE ON INTELLTHEORY.COM HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: DAVID WECHSLER David Wechsler is best known for developing several widely-used intelligence tests, including the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (Wechsler, 1949) and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (Wechsler, 1955). Updated versions of these tests remain popular in the 21st century (WISC-IV®, 2003; WAIS-III®, 1997) and new testsfounded on
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: DAVID HUME Hume also argued that it was part of the domain of natural philosophy to explain how sensation works. The most basic elements of sensation are "perceptions", which can come in two forms: "impressions and "ideas". The former are more "vivacious" and "forceful" than the latter. Impressions are further divided into impressions of sensationsand
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: INTELLIGENCE THEORY AND GIFTED EDUCATION The interrelationship between intelligence and gifted education continues today. Intelligence theory influences the way we identify and assess students, our attitudes toward giftedness and gifted students, the models upon which we base our programs and interventions, and many other aspects of gifted education. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: PHILIP E. VERNON Definition of Intelligence. “Intelligence A is the basic potentiality of the organism, whether animal or human, to learn and to adapt to its environmentIntelligence A is determined by the genes but is mediated mainly by the complexity and plasticity of the central nervous systemIntelligence B is the level of ability that a person HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: JEAN-MARC GASPARD ITARD Ideas and Interests. Jean-Marc Gaspard Itard was educated to be a tradesman, but during the French Revolution he joined the army and became an assistant surgeon at a military hospital in Toulon. He had no scientific training and received his medical HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: HARRY LEVI HOLLINGWORTH Professor of Psychology in Barnard College, Columbia University. Harry Levi Hollingworth authored several texts on aspects related to psychology with interest applied to mental growth and decline, the psychology of thought, and vocational psychology. He sought to find unity and coherence in the account and relation of psychological facts HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: PHILIP E. VERNON Definition of Intelligence. “Intelligence A is the basic potentiality of the organism, whether animal or human, to learn and to adapt to its environmentIntelligence A is determined by the genes but is mediated mainly by the complexity and plasticity of the central nervous systemIntelligence B is the level of ability that a person HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: EDWARD L. THORNDIKE Thorndike and his students used objective measurements of intelligence on human subjects as early as 1903. By the time the United States entered WWI, Thorndike had developed methods for measuring a wide variety of abilities and achievements. During the 1920's he developed a test of intelligence that consisted of completion, arithmetic HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: L.L. THURSTONE Definition of Intelligence. “Intelligence, considered as a mental trait, is the capacity to make impulses focal at their early, unfinished stage of formation. Intelligence is therefore the capacity for abstraction, which is an inhibitory process (Thurstone, 1924/1973 p. 159).”. Major Contributions. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: HENRY HERBERT GODDARD Ideas and Interests. It is no exaggeration to characterize Henry Goddard as the father of intelligence testing in the United States. His biographer points out that he was either a leader or a participant in every significant event occurring during the genesis of Americanpsychometrics.
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE:
Goddard's Research (back to outline)In 1906, Goddard was hired by the Vineland Training School to conduct research on the genetic causes of feeble-mindedness. His research was two-tiered: In addition to translating and administering the Binet-Simon Measuring Scale, he sent research assistants into the homes of feeble-minded children to learn what they could through "careful and wiseHUMAN INTELLIGENCE:
The cerebral cortex is a part of the brain that helps with, among other things, motor control, speech, memory, and auditory reception. The trion model, developed by Shaw, showed that similar neural firings patterns occur when listening to music and performing spatial tasks (Leng & Shaw, 1991). HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: DOUGLAS K. DETTERMAN Another of Dr. Detterman’s important contributions to the field of intelligence theory has been his role as leader and initiator. In 1977 he founded Intelligence: A Multidisciplinary Journal, a peer-reviewed publication devoted to high-quality research on human cognitive ability. He still serves as editor. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: JEAN PIAGET Piaget suggested that one way to reconcile these two approaches would be to adopt a method clinique, whereby a traditional intelligence test could serve as the basis for a clinical interview (Elkind, 1969). *Epistemology: n. a branch of philosophy that investigates the origin, nature, methods, and limits of human knowledge. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: WALTER V. BINGHAM Walter Bingham was a member of Yerkes' team. Bingham believed that intelligence is a complex set of factors that can be measured by looking at individual aptitudes for mathematical, verbal, mechanical and social skills (Bingham, 1937, p 39, 42). He asserted that intelligence manifests itself three dimensions: HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: CHARLES DARWIN In TheDescent of Man (1871/1896), Darwin presented numerous examples supporting his contention that humans and nonhuman animals share cognitive attributes like wonder, curiosity, long-term memory, the ability to pay attention, imitate the behavior of others, and to reason (Darwin, 1871/1896, p.65-113). HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: BIOGRAPHICAL PROFILES, CURRENTINTERACTIVE MAPALPHABETICAL INDEXTIME PERIOD INDEXHOT TOPICSMAP This site includes biographical profiles of people who have influenced the development of intelligence theory and testing, in-depth articles exploring current controversies related to human intelligence, and resources for teachers. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: ALAN S. KAUFMANSEE MORE ON INTELLTHEORY.COM HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: ARTHUR JENSEN Ideas & Interests. Arthur Jensen’s emergence as an important figure in the history of human intelligence theory occurred in February of 1969, with the publication of a controversial essay in the Harvard Educational Review. In the article, Jensen presented evidence that racial differences in intelligence test scores may have a geneticorigin.
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: ARISTOTLE Aristotle described the psyche as a substance able to receive knowledge. Knowledge is obtained through the psyche's capability of intelligence, although the five senses are also necessary to obtain knowledge. "As Aristotle describes the process, the sense receives 'the form of sensible objects without the matter, just as the waxreceives the
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: L.L. THURSTONE Definition of Intelligence. “Intelligence, considered as a mental trait, is the capacity to make impulses focal at their early, unfinished stage of formation. Intelligence is therefore the capacity for abstraction, which is an inhibitory process (Thurstone, 1924/1973 p. 159).”. Major Contributions. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: IMMANUEL KANT One of his greatest contributions to philosophy was the merging of rationalism and empiricism. argued that the mind brings to experience certain qualities of its own that order it. These are the twelve a priori categories of causality, unity, totality, and the like, and the a priori intuitions of time and space. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: JEAN-MARC GASPARD ITARD Ideas and Interests. Jean-Marc Gaspard Itard was educated to be a tradesman, but during the French Revolution he joined the army and became an assistant surgeon at a military hospital in Toulon. He had no scientific training and received his medical HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: DAVID HUME Hume also argued that it was part of the domain of natural philosophy to explain how sensation works. The most basic elements of sensation are "perceptions", which can come in two forms: "impressions and "ideas". The former are more "vivacious" and "forceful" than the latter. Impressions are further divided into impressions of sensationsand
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE:
Goddard's Research (back to outline)In 1906, Goddard was hired by the Vineland Training School to conduct research on the genetic causes of feeble-mindedness. His research was two-tiered: In addition to translating and administering the Binet-Simon Measuring Scale, he sent research assistants into the homes of feeble-minded children to learn what they could through "careful and wise HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: EDWARD L. THORNDIKE Thorndike and his students used objective measurements of intelligence on human subjects as early as 1903. By the time the United States entered WWI, Thorndike had developed methods for measuring a wide variety of abilities and achievements. During the 1920's he developed a test of intelligence that consisted of completion, arithmetic HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: BIOGRAPHICAL PROFILES, CURRENTINTERACTIVE MAPALPHABETICAL INDEXTIME PERIOD INDEXHOT TOPICSMAP This site includes biographical profiles of people who have influenced the development of intelligence theory and testing, in-depth articles exploring current controversies related to human intelligence, and resources for teachers. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: ALAN S. KAUFMANSEE MORE ON INTELLTHEORY.COM HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: ARTHUR JENSEN Ideas & Interests. Arthur Jensen’s emergence as an important figure in the history of human intelligence theory occurred in February of 1969, with the publication of a controversial essay in the Harvard Educational Review. In the article, Jensen presented evidence that racial differences in intelligence test scores may have a geneticorigin.
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: ARISTOTLE Aristotle described the psyche as a substance able to receive knowledge. Knowledge is obtained through the psyche's capability of intelligence, although the five senses are also necessary to obtain knowledge. "As Aristotle describes the process, the sense receives 'the form of sensible objects without the matter, just as the waxreceives the
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: L.L. THURSTONE Definition of Intelligence. “Intelligence, considered as a mental trait, is the capacity to make impulses focal at their early, unfinished stage of formation. Intelligence is therefore the capacity for abstraction, which is an inhibitory process (Thurstone, 1924/1973 p. 159).”. Major Contributions. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: IMMANUEL KANT One of his greatest contributions to philosophy was the merging of rationalism and empiricism. argued that the mind brings to experience certain qualities of its own that order it. These are the twelve a priori categories of causality, unity, totality, and the like, and the a priori intuitions of time and space. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: JEAN-MARC GASPARD ITARD Ideas and Interests. Jean-Marc Gaspard Itard was educated to be a tradesman, but during the French Revolution he joined the army and became an assistant surgeon at a military hospital in Toulon. He had no scientific training and received his medical HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: DAVID HUME Hume also argued that it was part of the domain of natural philosophy to explain how sensation works. The most basic elements of sensation are "perceptions", which can come in two forms: "impressions and "ideas". The former are more "vivacious" and "forceful" than the latter. Impressions are further divided into impressions of sensationsand
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE:
Goddard's Research (back to outline)In 1906, Goddard was hired by the Vineland Training School to conduct research on the genetic causes of feeble-mindedness. His research was two-tiered: In addition to translating and administering the Binet-Simon Measuring Scale, he sent research assistants into the homes of feeble-minded children to learn what they could through "careful and wise HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: EDWARD L. THORNDIKE Thorndike and his students used objective measurements of intelligence on human subjects as early as 1903. By the time the United States entered WWI, Thorndike had developed methods for measuring a wide variety of abilities and achievements. During the 1920's he developed a test of intelligence that consisted of completion, arithmetic HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: J.P. DAS Definition of Intelligence. “Intelligence is the sum total of all cognitive processes. It entails planning, coding of information and attention, as well as arousal (personal communication, 2004).”. Major Contributions. Co-Author of the Planning-Attention-Simultaneous-Successive (PASS) theory of cognitive processing (1975; 1994) Co-Author HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: THE BELL CURVE CONTENT Introduction - assumptions about intelligence . The Bell Curve begins with fundamental and important assumptions, makes assertions (supported by the author’s evidence), draws conclusions based on statistical analysis of the evidentiary data, and concludes with wide-ranging recommendations for national policy-makers to follow. The authors state that their main motive is, " the quest HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: HOWARD GARDNER The seven intelligences proposed by Gardner are linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal and intrapersonal. Linguistic intelligence enables individuals to read, write and speak well. Logical-mathematical intelligence encompasses logical thinking (as might be used in chess or deductive reasoning, for HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: DAVID WECHSLER David Wechsler is best known for developing several widely-used intelligence tests, including the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (Wechsler, 1949) and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (Wechsler, 1955). Updated versions of these tests remain popular in the 21st century (WISC-IV®, 2003; WAIS-III®, 1997) and new testsfounded on
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: THOMAS HOBBES Hobbes believed that understanding the psychology of individuals was necessary before one could develop an understanding of the state and government. He believed that humans are fearful and predatory, and must submit completely to the supremacy of the state in both secular and religious concerns. Hobbes asserted that there is a difference HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: JEAN PIAGET Definition of Intelligence. "Intelligence is an adaptationTo say that intelligence is a particular instance of biological adaptation is thus to suppose that it is essentially an organization and that its function is to structure the universe just as the organism structures its immediate environment" (Piaget, 1963, pp. 3-4). HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: PHILIP E. VERNON Definition of Intelligence. “Intelligence A is the basic potentiality of the organism, whether animal or human, to learn and to adapt to its environmentIntelligence A is determined by the genes but is mediated mainly by the complexity and plasticity of the central nervous systemIntelligence B is the level of ability that a person HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: HENRY HERBERT GODDARD Ideas and Interests. It is no exaggeration to characterize Henry Goddard as the father of intelligence testing in the United States. His biographer points out that he was either a leader or a participant in every significant event occurring during the genesis of Americanpsychometrics.
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: WALTER V. BINGHAM Walter Bingham was a member of Yerkes' team. Bingham believed that intelligence is a complex set of factors that can be measured by looking at individual aptitudes for mathematical, verbal, mechanical and social skills (Bingham, 1937, p 39, 42). He asserted that intelligence manifests itself three dimensions: HUMAN INTELLIGENCE: THE CYRIL BURT AFFAIR Conclusions. Burt's Work ( back to outline) Cyril Lodowic Burt, born on March 3, 1883, was a leading figure in psychology during an exciting time when psychology was breaking away from philosophy and becoming a field of its own. Burt's research on factor analysis and the genetics of intelligence was groundbreaking, and helped to pave anew path
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This site includes biographical profiles of people who have influenced the development of intelligence theory and testing, in-depth articles exploring current controversies related to human intelligence, and resources for teachers.
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