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HOW HYPOTHESIS WORKS How Hypothesis Works Hypothesis has a very different underlying implementation to any other property-based testing system. As far as I know, it’s an entirely novel design that I invented. Central to this design is the following feature set which every Hypothesis strategy supports automatically (the only way to break this is by having the data generated depend somehow on external global state SERVICES AND SUPPORT Services and Support. We provide a range of contracting services in the areas of both development and training to help you make the most out of Hypothesis. There are possibilities for both remote work and on-site engagements. For remote engagements, we can accommodate distributed teams by offering training sessions over videoconferencing
THE PURPOSE OF HYPOTHESIS The Purpose of Hypothesis What is Hypothesis for? From the perspective of a user, the purpose of Hypothesis is to make it easier for you to write better tests. From my perspective as the primary author, that is of course also a purpose of Hypothesis. I write a lot of code, it needs testing, and the idea of trying to do that without Hypothesis has become nearly unthinkable. TRAINING - HYPOTHESIS We work as a group to improve the test quality of your software using Hypothesis. Attendees come away with a better understanding of how Hypothesis fits into your specific testing needs and processes. You get better tested software as soon as the workshop is over! Drop us a line at training@hypothesis.works HYPOTHESIS FOR COMPUTER SCIENCE RESEARCHERS Hypothesis for Computer Science Researchers I’m in the process of trying to turn my work on Hypothesis into a PhD and I realised that I don’t have a good self-contained summary as to why researchers should care about it. So this is that piece. I’ll try to give a from scratch introduction to the why and what of Hypothesis. It’s primarily intended for potential PhD supervisors, but GENERATING THE RIGHT DATA Generating the right data One thing that often causes people problems is figuring out how to generate the right data to fit their data model. You can start with just generating strings and integers, but eventually you want to be able to generate objects from your domain model. Hypothesis provides a lot of tools to help you build the data you want, but sometimes the choice can be a bit CALCULATING THE MEAN OF A LIST OF NUMBERS Calculating the mean of a list of numbers Consider the following problem: You have a list of floating point numbers. No nasty tricks - these aren’t NaN or Infinity, just normal “simple” floating point numbers. Now: Calculate the mean (average). Can you do it? It turns out this is a hard problem. It’s hard to get it even close toright.
MOVING BEYOND TYPES
Moving Beyond Types If you look at the original property-based testing library, the Haskell version of QuickCheck, tests are very closely tied to types: The way you typically specify a property is by inferring the data that needs to be generated from the types the test function expects for its arguments. This is a bad idea. Test faster,fix more
HOW MANY TIMES WILL HYPOTHESIS RUN MY TEST? MOST TESTING IS INEFFECTIVE Most testing is ineffective. Normal “automated” software testing is surprisingly manual. Every scenario the computer runs, someone had to write by hand. Hypothesis can fix this. Hypothesis is a new generation of tools for automating your testing process. It combines human understanding of your problem domain with machine intelligenceto
HOW HYPOTHESIS WORKS How Hypothesis Works Hypothesis has a very different underlying implementation to any other property-based testing system. As far as I know, it’s an entirely novel design that I invented. Central to this design is the following feature set which every Hypothesis strategy supports automatically (the only way to break this is by having the data generated depend somehow on external global state SERVICES AND SUPPORT Services and Support. We provide a range of contracting services in the areas of both development and training to help you make the most out of Hypothesis. There are possibilities for both remote work and on-site engagements. For remote engagements, we can accommodate distributed teams by offering training sessions over videoconferencing
THE PURPOSE OF HYPOTHESIS The Purpose of Hypothesis What is Hypothesis for? From the perspective of a user, the purpose of Hypothesis is to make it easier for you to write better tests. From my perspective as the primary author, that is of course also a purpose of Hypothesis. I write a lot of code, it needs testing, and the idea of trying to do that without Hypothesis has become nearly unthinkable. TRAINING - HYPOTHESIS We work as a group to improve the test quality of your software using Hypothesis. Attendees come away with a better understanding of how Hypothesis fits into your specific testing needs and processes. You get better tested software as soon as the workshop is over! Drop us a line at training@hypothesis.works HYPOTHESIS FOR COMPUTER SCIENCE RESEARCHERS Hypothesis for Computer Science Researchers I’m in the process of trying to turn my work on Hypothesis into a PhD and I realised that I don’t have a good self-contained summary as to why researchers should care about it. So this is that piece. I’ll try to give a from scratch introduction to the why and what of Hypothesis. It’s primarily intended for potential PhD supervisors, but GENERATING THE RIGHT DATA Generating the right data One thing that often causes people problems is figuring out how to generate the right data to fit their data model. You can start with just generating strings and integers, but eventually you want to be able to generate objects from your domain model. Hypothesis provides a lot of tools to help you build the data you want, but sometimes the choice can be a bit CALCULATING THE MEAN OF A LIST OF NUMBERS Calculating the mean of a list of numbers Consider the following problem: You have a list of floating point numbers. No nasty tricks - these aren’t NaN or Infinity, just normal “simple” floating point numbers. Now: Calculate the mean (average). Can you do it? It turns out this is a hard problem. It’s hard to get it even close toright.
MOVING BEYOND TYPES
Moving Beyond Types If you look at the original property-based testing library, the Haskell version of QuickCheck, tests are very closely tied to types: The way you typically specify a property is by inferring the data that needs to be generated from the types the test function expects for its arguments. This is a bad idea. Test faster,fix more
HOW MANY TIMES WILL HYPOTHESIS RUN MY TEST? HOW HYPOTHESIS WORKS How Hypothesis Works Hypothesis has a very different underlying implementation to any other property-based testing system. As far as I know, it’s an entirely novel design that I invented. Central to this design is the following feature set which every Hypothesis strategy supports automatically (the only way to break this is by having the data generated depend somehow on external global state PRODUCTS - HYPOTHESIS Hypothesis for Python. This is our current primary focus and the only currently production ready implementation of the Hypothesis design. It features: A full implementation of property based testing for Python, including stateful testing. An extensive library of data generators and tools for writing your own.WHAT IS HYPOTHESIS?
What is Hypothesis? Hypothesis is a library designed to help you write what are called property-based tests. The key idea of property based testing is that rather than writing a test that tests just a single scenario, you write tests that describe a range of scenarios and then let the computer explore the possibilities for you rather than having to hand-write every one yourself.HYPOTHESIS
Hypothesis is a library designed to help you write what are called property-based tests. The key idea of property based testing is that rather than writing a test that tests just a single scenario, you write tests that describe a range of scenarios and then let the computer explore the possibilities for you rather than having to hand-write every one yourself.HYPOTHESIS
We’ve previously looked into testing performance optimizations using Hypothesis, but this article is about something quite different: It’s about testing code that is designed to optimize a value. That is, you have some function and you want to find arguments to it that maximize (or minimize) its value. As well as being an interesting subject in its own right, this will also nicely GETTING STARTED WITH HYPOTHESIS Getting started with Hypothesis Hypothesis will speed up your testing process and improve your software quality, but when first starting out people often struggle to figure out exactly how to use it. Until you’re used to thinking in this style of testing, it’s not always obvious what the invariants of your code actually are, and people get stuck trying to come up with interesting ones to test. CALCULATING THE MEAN OF A LIST OF NUMBERS Calculating the mean of a list of numbers Consider the following problem: You have a list of floating point numbers. No nasty tricks - these aren’t NaN or Infinity, just normal “simple” floating point numbers. Now: Calculate the mean (average). Can you do it? It turns out this is a hard problem. It’s hard to get it even close toright.
EXPLORING VOTING SYSTEMS WITH HYPOTHESIS Exploring Voting Systems with Hypothesis Hypothesis is, of course, a library for writing tests. But from an implementation point of view this is hardly noticeable. Really it’s a library for constructing and exploring data and using it to prove or disprove hypotheses about it. It then has a small testing library built on top of it. It’s far more widely used as a testing library, and thatMOVING BEYOND TYPES
Moving Beyond Types If you look at the original property-based testing library, the Haskell version of QuickCheck, tests are very closely tied to types: The way you typically specify a property is by inferring the data that needs to be generated from the types the test function expects for its arguments. This is a bad idea. Test faster,fix more
THE ENCODE/DECODE INVARIANT The Encode/Decode invariant One of the simplest types of invariant to find once you move past just fuzzing your code is asserting that two different operations should produce the same result, and one of the simplest instances of that is looking for encode/decode pairs. That is, you have some function that takes a value and encodes it as another value, and another that is supposed to reverse MOST TESTING IS INEFFECTIVE Most testing is ineffective. Normal “automated” software testing is surprisingly manual. Every scenario the computer runs, someone had to write by hand. Hypothesis can fix this. Hypothesis is a new generation of tools for automating your testing process. It combines human understanding of your problem domain with machine intelligenceto
PRODUCTS - HYPOTHESIS Hypothesis for Python. This is our current primary focus and the only currently production ready implementation of the Hypothesis design. It features: A full implementation of property based testing for Python, including stateful testing. An extensive library of data generators and tools for writing your own. SERVICES AND SUPPORT Services and Support. We provide a range of contracting services in the areas of both development and training to help you make the most out of Hypothesis. There are possibilities for both remote work and on-site engagements. For remote engagements, we can accommodate distributed teams by offering training sessions over videoconferencing
THE PURPOSE OF HYPOTHESIS The Purpose of Hypothesis What is Hypothesis for? From the perspective of a user, the purpose of Hypothesis is to make it easier for you to write better tests. From my perspective as the primary author, that is of course also a purpose of Hypothesis. I write a lot of code, it needs testing, and the idea of trying to do that without Hypothesis has become nearly unthinkable. TRAINING - HYPOTHESIS We work as a group to improve the test quality of your software using Hypothesis. Attendees come away with a better understanding of how Hypothesis fits into your specific testing needs and processes. You get better tested software as soon as the workshop is over! Drop us a line at training@hypothesis.works HYPOTHESIS FOR COMPUTER SCIENCE RESEARCHERS Hypothesis for Computer Science Researchers I’m in the process of trying to turn my work on Hypothesis into a PhD and I realised that I don’t have a good self-contained summary as to why researchers should care about it. So this is that piece. I’ll try to give a from scratch introduction to the why and what of Hypothesis. It’s primarily intended for potential PhD supervisors, but GENERATING THE RIGHT DATA Generating the right data One thing that often causes people problems is figuring out how to generate the right data to fit their data model. You can start with just generating strings and integers, but eventually you want to be able to generate objects from your domain model. Hypothesis provides a lot of tools to help you build the data you want, but sometimes the choice can be a bit CALCULATING THE MEAN OF A LIST OF NUMBERS Calculating the mean of a list of numbers Consider the following problem: You have a list of floating point numbers. No nasty tricks - these aren’t NaN or Infinity, just normal “simple” floating point numbers. Now: Calculate the mean (average). Can you do it? It turns out this is a hard problem. It’s hard to get it even close toright.
MOVING BEYOND TYPES
Moving Beyond Types If you look at the original property-based testing library, the Haskell version of QuickCheck, tests are very closely tied to types: The way you typically specify a property is by inferring the data that needs to be generated from the types the test function expects for its arguments. This is a bad idea. Test faster,fix more
THE THRESHOLD PROBLEM The Threshold Problem In my last post I mentioned the problem of bug slippage: When you start with one bug, reduce the test case, and end up with another bug. I’ve run into another related problem twice now, and it’s not one I’ve seen talked about previously. The problem is this: Sometimes shrinking makes a bug seem much less interesting than it actually is. MOST TESTING IS INEFFECTIVE Most testing is ineffective. Normal “automated” software testing is surprisingly manual. Every scenario the computer runs, someone had to write by hand. Hypothesis can fix this. Hypothesis is a new generation of tools for automating your testing process. It combines human understanding of your problem domain with machine intelligenceto
PRODUCTS - HYPOTHESIS Hypothesis for Python. This is our current primary focus and the only currently production ready implementation of the Hypothesis design. It features: A full implementation of property based testing for Python, including stateful testing. An extensive library of data generators and tools for writing your own. SERVICES AND SUPPORT Services and Support. We provide a range of contracting services in the areas of both development and training to help you make the most out of Hypothesis. There are possibilities for both remote work and on-site engagements. For remote engagements, we can accommodate distributed teams by offering training sessions over videoconferencing
THE PURPOSE OF HYPOTHESIS The Purpose of Hypothesis What is Hypothesis for? From the perspective of a user, the purpose of Hypothesis is to make it easier for you to write better tests. From my perspective as the primary author, that is of course also a purpose of Hypothesis. I write a lot of code, it needs testing, and the idea of trying to do that without Hypothesis has become nearly unthinkable. TRAINING - HYPOTHESIS We work as a group to improve the test quality of your software using Hypothesis. Attendees come away with a better understanding of how Hypothesis fits into your specific testing needs and processes. You get better tested software as soon as the workshop is over! Drop us a line at training@hypothesis.works HYPOTHESIS FOR COMPUTER SCIENCE RESEARCHERS Hypothesis for Computer Science Researchers I’m in the process of trying to turn my work on Hypothesis into a PhD and I realised that I don’t have a good self-contained summary as to why researchers should care about it. So this is that piece. I’ll try to give a from scratch introduction to the why and what of Hypothesis. It’s primarily intended for potential PhD supervisors, but GENERATING THE RIGHT DATA Generating the right data One thing that often causes people problems is figuring out how to generate the right data to fit their data model. You can start with just generating strings and integers, but eventually you want to be able to generate objects from your domain model. Hypothesis provides a lot of tools to help you build the data you want, but sometimes the choice can be a bit CALCULATING THE MEAN OF A LIST OF NUMBERS Calculating the mean of a list of numbers Consider the following problem: You have a list of floating point numbers. No nasty tricks - these aren’t NaN or Infinity, just normal “simple” floating point numbers. Now: Calculate the mean (average). Can you do it? It turns out this is a hard problem. It’s hard to get it even close toright.
MOVING BEYOND TYPES
Moving Beyond Types If you look at the original property-based testing library, the Haskell version of QuickCheck, tests are very closely tied to types: The way you typically specify a property is by inferring the data that needs to be generated from the types the test function expects for its arguments. This is a bad idea. Test faster,fix more
THE THRESHOLD PROBLEM The Threshold Problem In my last post I mentioned the problem of bug slippage: When you start with one bug, reduce the test case, and end up with another bug. I’ve run into another related problem twice now, and it’s not one I’ve seen talked about previously. The problem is this: Sometimes shrinking makes a bug seem much less interesting than it actually is. PRODUCTS - HYPOTHESIS Hypothesis for Python. This is our current primary focus and the only currently production ready implementation of the Hypothesis design. It features: A full implementation of property based testing for Python, including stateful testing. An extensive library of data generators and tools for writing your own.WHAT IS HYPOTHESIS?
What is Hypothesis? Hypothesis is a library designed to help you write what are called property-based tests. The key idea of property based testing is that rather than writing a test that tests just a single scenario, you write tests that describe a range of scenarios and then let the computer explore the possibilities for you rather than having to hand-write every one yourself.HYPOTHESIS
Hypothesis is a library designed to help you write what are called property-based tests. The key idea of property based testing is that rather than writing a test that tests just a single scenario, you write tests that describe a range of scenarios and then let the computer explore the possibilities for you rather than having to hand-write every one yourself.HYPOTHESIS
We’ve previously looked into testing performance optimizations using Hypothesis, but this article is about something quite different: It’s about testing code that is designed to optimize a value. That is, you have some function and you want to find arguments to it that maximize (or minimize) its value. As well as being an interesting subject in its own right, this will also nicely CALCULATING THE MEAN OF A LIST OF NUMBERS Calculating the mean of a list of numbers Consider the following problem: You have a list of floating point numbers. No nasty tricks - these aren’t NaN or Infinity, just normal “simple” floating point numbers. Now: Calculate the mean (average). Can you do it? It turns out this is a hard problem. It’s hard to get it even close toright.
MOVING BEYOND TYPES
Moving Beyond Types If you look at the original property-based testing library, the Haskell version of QuickCheck, tests are very closely tied to types: The way you typically specify a property is by inferring the data that needs to be generated from the types the test function expects for its arguments. This is a bad idea. Test faster,fix more
EXPLORING VOTING SYSTEMS WITH HYPOTHESIS Exploring Voting Systems with Hypothesis Hypothesis is, of course, a library for writing tests. But from an implementation point of view this is hardly noticeable. Really it’s a library for constructing and exploring data and using it to prove or disprove hypotheses about it. It then has a small testing library built on top of it. It’s far more widely used as a testing library, and thatHYPOTHESIS
There are plenty of other implementations of property based testing! We think Hypothesis is the future, and by far the best in the languages that we’ve done serious implementations for, but some of the others are definitely also worth paying attention to. THE ENCODE/DECODE INVARIANT The Encode/Decode invariant One of the simplest types of invariant to find once you move past just fuzzing your code is asserting that two different operations should produce the same result, and one of the simplest instances of that is looking for encode/decode pairs. That is, you have some function that takes a value and encodes it as another value, and another that is supposed to reverse HOW MANY TIMES WILL HYPOTHESIS RUN MY TEST? How many times will Hypothesis run my test? This is one of the most common first questions about Hypothesis. People generally assume that the number of tests run will depend on the specific strategies used, but that’s generally not the case. Instead Hypothesis has a fairly fixed set of heuristics to determine how many times to run, which are mostly independent of the data being MOST TESTING IS INEFFECTIVE Most testing is ineffective. Normal “automated” software testing is surprisingly manual. Every scenario the computer runs, someone had to write by hand. Hypothesis can fix this. Hypothesis is a new generation of tools for automating your testing process. It combines human understanding of your problem domain with machine intelligenceto
HOW HYPOTHESIS WORKS How Hypothesis Works Hypothesis has a very different underlying implementation to any other property-based testing system. As far as I know, it’s an entirely novel design that I invented. Central to this design is the following feature set which every Hypothesis strategy supports automatically (the only way to break this is by having the data generated depend somehow on external global state PRODUCTS - HYPOTHESIS Hypothesis for Python. This is our current primary focus and the only currently production ready implementation of the Hypothesis design. It features: A full implementation of property based testing for Python, including stateful testing. An extensive library of data generators and tools for writing your own.WHAT IS HYPOTHESIS?
What is Hypothesis? Hypothesis is a library designed to help you write what are called property-based tests. The key idea of property based testing is that rather than writing a test that tests just a single scenario, you write tests that describe a range of scenarios and then let the computer explore the possibilities for you rather than having to hand-write every one yourself. TRAINING - HYPOTHESIS We work as a group to improve the test quality of your software using Hypothesis. Attendees come away with a better understanding of how Hypothesis fits into your specific testing needs and processes. You get better tested software as soon as the workshop is over! Drop us a line at training@hypothesis.works HYPOTHESIS FOR COMPUTER SCIENCE RESEARCHERS Hypothesis for Computer Science Researchers I’m in the process of trying to turn my work on Hypothesis into a PhD and I realised that I don’t have a good self-contained summary as to why researchers should care about it. So this is that piece. I’ll try to give a from scratch introduction to the why and what of Hypothesis. It’s primarily intended for potential PhD supervisors, but THE PURPOSE OF HYPOTHESIS The Purpose of Hypothesis What is Hypothesis for? From the perspective of a user, the purpose of Hypothesis is to make it easier for you to write better tests. From my perspective as the primary author, that is of course also a purpose of Hypothesis. I write a lot of code, it needs testing, and the idea of trying to do that without Hypothesis has become nearly unthinkable. GETTING STARTED WITH HYPOTHESIS Getting started with Hypothesis Hypothesis will speed up your testing process and improve your software quality, but when first starting out people often struggle to figure out exactly how to use it. Until you’re used to thinking in this style of testing, it’s not always obvious what the invariants of your code actually are, and people get stuck trying to come up with interesting ones to test. GENERATING THE RIGHT DATA Generating the right data One thing that often causes people problems is figuring out how to generate the right data to fit their data model. You can start with just generating strings and integers, but eventually you want to be able to generate objects from your domain model. Hypothesis provides a lot of tools to help you build the data you want, but sometimes the choice can be a bit THE THRESHOLD PROBLEM The Threshold Problem In my last post I mentioned the problem of bug slippage: When you start with one bug, reduce the test case, and end up with another bug. I’ve run into another related problem twice now, and it’s not one I’ve seen talked about previously. The problem is this: Sometimes shrinking makes a bug seem much less interesting than it actually is. MOST TESTING IS INEFFECTIVE Most testing is ineffective. Normal “automated” software testing is surprisingly manual. Every scenario the computer runs, someone had to write by hand. Hypothesis can fix this. Hypothesis is a new generation of tools for automating your testing process. It combines human understanding of your problem domain with machine intelligenceto
HOW HYPOTHESIS WORKS How Hypothesis Works Hypothesis has a very different underlying implementation to any other property-based testing system. As far as I know, it’s an entirely novel design that I invented. Central to this design is the following feature set which every Hypothesis strategy supports automatically (the only way to break this is by having the data generated depend somehow on external global state PRODUCTS - HYPOTHESIS Hypothesis for Python. This is our current primary focus and the only currently production ready implementation of the Hypothesis design. It features: A full implementation of property based testing for Python, including stateful testing. An extensive library of data generators and tools for writing your own.WHAT IS HYPOTHESIS?
What is Hypothesis? Hypothesis is a library designed to help you write what are called property-based tests. The key idea of property based testing is that rather than writing a test that tests just a single scenario, you write tests that describe a range of scenarios and then let the computer explore the possibilities for you rather than having to hand-write every one yourself. TRAINING - HYPOTHESIS We work as a group to improve the test quality of your software using Hypothesis. Attendees come away with a better understanding of how Hypothesis fits into your specific testing needs and processes. You get better tested software as soon as the workshop is over! Drop us a line at training@hypothesis.works HYPOTHESIS FOR COMPUTER SCIENCE RESEARCHERS Hypothesis for Computer Science Researchers I’m in the process of trying to turn my work on Hypothesis into a PhD and I realised that I don’t have a good self-contained summary as to why researchers should care about it. So this is that piece. I’ll try to give a from scratch introduction to the why and what of Hypothesis. It’s primarily intended for potential PhD supervisors, but THE PURPOSE OF HYPOTHESIS The Purpose of Hypothesis What is Hypothesis for? From the perspective of a user, the purpose of Hypothesis is to make it easier for you to write better tests. From my perspective as the primary author, that is of course also a purpose of Hypothesis. I write a lot of code, it needs testing, and the idea of trying to do that without Hypothesis has become nearly unthinkable. GETTING STARTED WITH HYPOTHESIS Getting started with Hypothesis Hypothesis will speed up your testing process and improve your software quality, but when first starting out people often struggle to figure out exactly how to use it. Until you’re used to thinking in this style of testing, it’s not always obvious what the invariants of your code actually are, and people get stuck trying to come up with interesting ones to test. GENERATING THE RIGHT DATA Generating the right data One thing that often causes people problems is figuring out how to generate the right data to fit their data model. You can start with just generating strings and integers, but eventually you want to be able to generate objects from your domain model. Hypothesis provides a lot of tools to help you build the data you want, but sometimes the choice can be a bit THE THRESHOLD PROBLEM The Threshold Problem In my last post I mentioned the problem of bug slippage: When you start with one bug, reduce the test case, and end up with another bug. I’ve run into another related problem twice now, and it’s not one I’ve seen talked about previously. The problem is this: Sometimes shrinking makes a bug seem much less interesting than it actually is. MOST TESTING IS INEFFECTIVE Most testing is ineffective. Normal “automated” software testing is surprisingly manual. Every scenario the computer runs, someone had to write by hand. Hypothesis can fix this. Hypothesis is a new generation of tools for automating your testing process. It combines human understanding of your problem domain with machine intelligenceto
HOW HYPOTHESIS WORKS How Hypothesis Works Hypothesis has a very different underlying implementation to any other property-based testing system. As far as I know, it’s an entirely novel design that I invented. Central to this design is the following feature set which every Hypothesis strategy supports automatically (the only way to break this is by having the data generated depend somehow on external global state GETTING STARTED WITH HYPOTHESIS Getting started with Hypothesis Hypothesis will speed up your testing process and improve your software quality, but when first starting out people often struggle to figure out exactly how to use it. Until you’re used to thinking in this style of testing, it’s not always obvious what the invariants of your code actually are, and people get stuck trying to come up with interesting ones to test.HYPOTHESIS
We’ve previously looked into testing performance optimizations using Hypothesis, but this article is about something quite different: It’s about testing code that is designed to optimize a value. That is, you have some function and you want to find arguments to it that maximize (or minimize) its value. As well as being an interesting subject in its own right, this will also nicely ANATOMY OF A HYPOTHESIS BASED TEST The test fails, because nan is a valid floating point number which is not equal to itself, and adding anything to nan yields nan.. When we ran this, Hypothesis invoked our test function with a number of randomly chosen values for the arguments until it found one thatfailed.
EXPLORING VOTING SYSTEMS WITH HYPOTHESIS Exploring Voting Systems with Hypothesis Hypothesis is, of course, a library for writing tests. But from an implementation point of view this is hardly noticeable. Really it’s a library for constructing and exploring data and using it to prove or disprove hypotheses about it. It then has a small testing library built on top of it. It’s far more widely used as a testing library, and that CALCULATING THE MEAN OF A LIST OF NUMBERS Calculating the mean of a list of numbers Consider the following problem: You have a list of floating point numbers. No nasty tricks - these aren’t NaN or Infinity, just normal “simple” floating point numbers. Now: Calculate the mean (average). Can you do it? It turns out this is a hard problem. It’s hard to get it even close toright.
MOVING BEYOND TYPES
Moving Beyond Types If you look at the original property-based testing library, the Haskell version of QuickCheck, tests are very closely tied to types: The way you typically specify a property is by inferring the data that needs to be generated from the types the test function expects for its arguments. This is a bad idea. Test faster,fix more
THE ENCODE/DECODE INVARIANT The Encode/Decode invariant One of the simplest types of invariant to find once you move past just fuzzing your code is asserting that two different operations should produce the same result, and one of the simplest instances of that is looking for encode/decode pairs. That is, you have some function that takes a value and encodes it as another value, and another that is supposed to reverse SOLVING THE WATER JUG PROBLEM FROM DIE HARD 3 WITH TLA+ Solving the Water Jug Problem from Die Hard 3 with TLA+ and Hypothesis This post was originally published on the author’s personal site. It is reproduced here with his permission. In the movie Die Hard with a Vengeance (aka Die Hard 3), there is this famous scene where John McClane (Bruce Willis) and Zeus Carver (Samuel L. Jackson) are forced to solve a problem or be blown up: Given a 3Toggle navigation
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HYPOTHESIS
Test faster, fix more MOST TESTING IS INEFFECTIVE Normal “automated” software testing is surprisingly manual. Every scenario the computer runs, someone had to write by hand. Hypothesiscan fix this.
Hypothesis is a new generation of tools for automating your testing process. It combines human understanding of your problem domain with machine intelligence to improve the quality of your testing process while spending _less_ time writing tests. Don’t believe us? Here’s what some of our users have to say: > At Lyst we've used it in a wide variety of situations, from testing > APIs to machine learning algorithms and in all cases it's given us a > great deal more confidence in that code. > Alex Stapleton , Lead Backend > Engineer at Lyst > When it comes to validating the correctness of your tools, nothing > comes close to the thoroughness and power of Hypothesis. Cory > Benfield , Open source Python> developer
> Hypothesis has been brilliant for expanding the coverage of our test > cases, and also for making them much easier to read and understand, > so we’re sure we’re testing the things we want in the way we > want. Kristian Glass , Director of > Technology at LaterPay > Hypothesis has located real defects in our code which went > undetected by traditional test cases, simply because Hypothesis is > more relentlessly devious about test case generation than us mere > humans! Rob Smallshire , Sixty North>
See more at our testimonials page .WHAT IS HYPOTHESIS?
Hypothesis is a modern implementation of property based testing , designed from the ground up for mainstream languages. Hypothesis runs your tests against a much wider range of scenarios than a human tester could, finding edge cases in your code that you would otherwise have missed. It then turns them into simple and easy to understand failures that save you time and money compared to fixing them if they slipped through the cracks and a user had run into theminstead.
Hypothesis currently has a fully featured open source Pythonimplementation
and a proof of concept Java implementationthat we are
looking for customers to partner with to turn into a finished project. Plans for C and C++ support are also in the works.HOW DO I USE IT?
Hypothesis integrates into your normal testing workflow. Getting started is as simple as installing a library and writing some code using it - no new services to run, no new test runners to learn. Right now only the Python version of Hypothesis is production ready. To get started with it, check out the documentationor read some of the
introductory articles here on this site . Once you’ve got started, or if you have a large number of people who want to get started all at once, you may wish to engage our trainingservices .
If you still want to know more, sign up to our newsletter to get an email every 1-2 weeks about the latest and greatest Hypothesis developments and how to test your software better.Details
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