TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERSHARD LINE BREAKSSTRAIGHT AND CURLY QUOTESHOW TO USE THIS BOOKTABLESOPENTYPE FEATURES Type composition. straight and curly quotes. one space between sentences. paragraph and section marks. hyphens and dashes. ampersands. signature lines. trademark & copyright symbols. ellipses. FREE FONTS | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS Hun­dreds of free fonts have ar­rived in re­cent years. Not just “free” as in “al­ready in­stalled on your com­puter” (aka sys­tem fonts).But rather, re­leased un­der an open li­cense, most of­ten the OFL, which per­mits you to do al­most any­thing you want with them. Most EQUITY | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS Eq­uity has a short, plain-Eng­lish font li­cense that in­cludes per­mis­sion to use it in PDFs, web­sites, apps, and elec­tronic books. Each li­cense cov­ers mul­ti­ple peo­ple, but only within a sin­gle or­ga­ni­za­tion or fam­ily. A li­cense can­not be split among friends or ran­dom strangers. De­tails here.

HOW TO MAKE A PDF

How to make a PDF. There’s a right way and a wrong way to make a PDF. Based on an un­sci­en­tific sur­vey of the PDFs I’ve got­ten from law­yers, just about all of you are do­ing it the wrong way. The wrong way: print the doc­u­ment on pa­per and scan it to PDF. The right way: “print” the doc­u­ment di­rectly to PDF. Note Though al­most all the ma­te­r­ial in this web ADVOCATE | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS Ad­vo­cate is an as­sertive all-caps dis­play face, es­pe­cially good for busi­ness cards, let­ter­head, lo­gos, and ti­tles. I use it through­out this book for headlines. A to­tal of 18 styles: three widths (= medium, semi­bold, bold) and three weights (= con­densed, nar­row, reg­u­lar), in both sans and slab-serif

versions.

CENTURY SCHOOLBOOK ALTERNATIVES Century Schoolbook alternatives Why use a children’s font? cen­tury schoolbook. cen­tury supra. miller. har­riet. in­ge­borg. The “Scotch Ro­man” style of text face has been con­sis­tently pop­u­lar since the mid-1800s, and traces its roots to the Ed­in­burgh foundry of William Miller. The orig­i­nal font named

Cen­tury, de

AMPERSANDS | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS ampersands Use sparingly. The am­per­sand is ty­po­graphic short­hand for the word and.The am­per­sand is halfway be­tween a lig­a­ture and a con­trac­tion, a styl­ized de­pic­tion of the Latin word et.. The am­per­sand is one of the jaun­ti­est char­ac­ters. Font de­sign­ers of­ten use it as an op­por­tu­nity to show off. ABOUT MATTHEW BUTTERICK About Matthew Butterick. I got my de­gree in de­sign and ty­pog­ra­phy at Har­vard Uni­ver­sity. I be­gan my ca­reer as a font de­signer in Boston. At the be­gin­ning of the in­ter­net era, I started Atomic Vi­sion, a web­site-de­sign com­pany in San Fran­cisco. Later, I at­tended UCLA law school and be­came a

mem­ber of

TIMES NEW ROMAN ALTERNATIVES Times New Roman alternatives You can do better. times new roman. eq­uity. tiem­pos. verdi­gris. It’s not that Times New Ro­man is a bad font. It’s just that you can and should do bet­ter (for why, see the next page). Eq­uity is a text fam­ily I de­signed for law­yers. It fits as much text on the page as Times New Ro­man, but

adds

WIDOW AND ORPHAN CONTROL widow and orphan control Your call. Pic­ture a para­graph that starts at the bot­tom of one page and con­tin­ues at the top of the next. When only the last line of the para­graph ap­pears at the top of the sec­ond page, that line is called a widow.When only the first line of the para­graph ap­pears at the bot­tom of the first page, that line is called an or­phan. TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERSHARD LINE BREAKSSTRAIGHT AND CURLY QUOTESHOW TO USE THIS BOOKTABLESOPENTYPE FEATURES Type composition. straight and curly quotes. one space between sentences. paragraph and section marks. hyphens and dashes. ampersands. signature lines. trademark & copyright symbols. ellipses. FREE FONTS | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS Hun­dreds of free fonts have ar­rived in re­cent years. Not just “free” as in “al­ready in­stalled on your com­puter” (aka sys­tem fonts).But rather, re­leased un­der an open li­cense, most of­ten the OFL, which per­mits you to do al­most any­thing you want with them. Most EQUITY | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS Eq­uity has a short, plain-Eng­lish font li­cense that in­cludes per­mis­sion to use it in PDFs, web­sites, apps, and elec­tronic books. Each li­cense cov­ers mul­ti­ple peo­ple, but only within a sin­gle or­ga­ni­za­tion or fam­ily. A li­cense can­not be split among friends or ran­dom strangers. De­tails here.

HOW TO MAKE A PDF

How to make a PDF. There’s a right way and a wrong way to make a PDF. Based on an un­sci­en­tific sur­vey of the PDFs I’ve got­ten from law­yers, just about all of you are do­ing it the wrong way. The wrong way: print the doc­u­ment on pa­per and scan it to PDF. The right way: “print” the doc­u­ment di­rectly to PDF. Note Though al­most all the ma­te­r­ial in this web ADVOCATE | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS Ad­vo­cate is an as­sertive all-caps dis­play face, es­pe­cially good for busi­ness cards, let­ter­head, lo­gos, and ti­tles. I use it through­out this book for headlines. A to­tal of 18 styles: three widths (= medium, semi­bold, bold) and three weights (= con­densed, nar­row, reg­u­lar), in both sans and slab-serif

versions.

CENTURY SCHOOLBOOK ALTERNATIVES Century Schoolbook alternatives Why use a children’s font? cen­tury schoolbook. cen­tury supra. miller. har­riet. in­ge­borg. The “Scotch Ro­man” style of text face has been con­sis­tently pop­u­lar since the mid-1800s, and traces its roots to the Ed­in­burgh foundry of William Miller. The orig­i­nal font named

Cen­tury, de

AMPERSANDS | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS ampersands Use sparingly. The am­per­sand is ty­po­graphic short­hand for the word and.The am­per­sand is halfway be­tween a lig­a­ture and a con­trac­tion, a styl­ized de­pic­tion of the Latin word et.. The am­per­sand is one of the jaun­ti­est char­ac­ters. Font de­sign­ers of­ten use it as an op­por­tu­nity to show off. ABOUT MATTHEW BUTTERICK About Matthew Butterick. I got my de­gree in de­sign and ty­pog­ra­phy at Har­vard Uni­ver­sity. I be­gan my ca­reer as a font de­signer in Boston. At the be­gin­ning of the in­ter­net era, I started Atomic Vi­sion, a web­site-de­sign com­pany in San Fran­cisco. Later, I at­tended UCLA law school and be­came a

mem­ber of

TIMES NEW ROMAN ALTERNATIVES Times New Roman alternatives You can do better. times new roman. eq­uity. tiem­pos. verdi­gris. It’s not that Times New Ro­man is a bad font. It’s just that you can and should do bet­ter (for why, see the next page). Eq­uity is a text fam­ily I de­signed for law­yers. It fits as much text on the page as Times New Ro­man, but

adds

WIDOW AND ORPHAN CONTROL widow and orphan control Your call. Pic­ture a para­graph that starts at the bot­tom of one page and con­tin­ues at the top of the next. When only the last line of the para­graph ap­pears at the top of the sec­ond page, that line is called a widow.When only the first line of the para­graph ap­pears at the bot­tom of the first page, that line is called an or­phan. HELIOTROPE | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS He­liotrope in­cludes 96 font files: = 4 weights (book, medium, bold, black) × 3 se­ries (ro­man, italic, and caps) × 2 vari­ants (reg­u­lar and Tab, with tab­u­lar fig­ures as the de­faults) + 8 OT vari­ants (for pro­fes­sional page lay­out & web de­sign) × 3 file for­mats (OTF for Mac OS, TTF for Win­dows, WOFF2 for websites) Read the font li­cense (it’s short) or the

FONT BASICS

The best pro­fes­sional fonts are bet­ter than any sys­tem font —and in ways that every­one, even those who think they don’t have an eye for ty­pog­ra­phy, can ap­pre­ci­ate. Though you can’t have the world’s best ty­pog­ra­phers lay out your doc­u­ments, you can in­cor­po­rate their work into your doc­u­ments with a

font.

RÉSUMÉS | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS Print a two-page ré­sumé with two sheets of pa­per, even if you have a du­plex printer. You don’t want a po­ten­tial em­ployer to over­look the sec­ond page be­cause it’s printed on the back of the first.. Page mar­gins too small; line length too long. All text set in Cal­ibri (a sys­tem font).. Head­ings and gray boxes are too large rel­a­tive to body text. COURIER ALTERNATIVES Courier alternatives | Typography for Lawyers. Courier alternatives When you must use a monospaced font. courier new. trip­li­cate. pitch. I’m in an awk­ward po­si­tion. As your ty­pog­ra­phy ad­vi­sor, I’ve coun­seled you not to use mono­spaced fonts. But the truth is—I really like them. The golden age of ADVOCATE | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS Ad­vo­cate is an as­sertive all-caps dis­play face, es­pe­cially good for busi­ness cards, let­ter­head, lo­gos, and ti­tles. I use it through­out this book for headlines. A to­tal of 18 styles: three widths (= medium, semi­bold, bold) and three weights (= con­densed, nar­row, reg­u­lar), in both sans and slab-serif

versions.

LETTERHEAD | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS letterhead Divide into foreground and background. Not every­thing on a page is equally im­por­tant. As I men­tioned in max­ims of page lay­out, I think of doc­u­ments as hav­ing a fore­ground, con­tain­ing the most im­por­tant el­e­ments, and a back­ground, con­tain­ing every­thing else.Ty­pog­ra­phy com­mu­ni­cates this dis­tinc­tion to the reader visually. TIMES NEW ROMAN ALTERNATIVES Times New Roman alternatives You can do better. times new roman. eq­uity. tiem­pos. verdi­gris. It’s not that Times New Ro­man is a bad font. It’s just that you can and should do bet­ter (for why, see the next page). Eq­uity is a text fam­ily I de­signed for law­yers. It fits as much text on the page as Times New Ro­man, but

adds

LINE NUMBERS

line numbers Exact line spacing is the key. If you prac­tice in a ju­ris­dic­tion that re­quires court fil­ings with line num­bers, you’ve faced the vex­ing prob­lem of keep­ing the line num­bers ver­ti­cally aligned with the text.Look­ing at court opin­ions, even judges are of­ten de­feated by this for­mat­ting task.. But the se­cret is sim­ple: use ex­act line spac CAMBRIA ALTERNATIVES Cambria alternatives Monotony can be fatal. cam­bria. guardian egyptian. elena. sko­lar. char­ter. source serif. It’s coun­ter­in­tu­itive, but a well-de­signed font can have a lot of sub­tle vari­a­tion be­tween let­ters and still look con­sis­tent on the page. The con­verse of this prin­ci­ple is that a font with too much

APOSTROPHES

apostrophes Make sure they’re curly and point downward. The apos­tro­phe has two func­tions we all re­mem­ber from sixth-grade Eng­lish class.. An apos­tro­phe in­di­cates the pos­ses­sive case (Jes­sica’s bagel).. In con­trac­tions, an apos­tro­phe takes the place of let­ters or num­bers that have been re­moved (is not be­comes isn’t, Patent No. 5,269,211

be­comes

TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERSHARD LINE BREAKSSTRAIGHT AND CURLY QUOTESHOW TO USE THIS BOOKTABLESOPENTYPE FEATURES Type composition. straight and curly quotes. one space between sentences. paragraph and section marks. hyphens and dashes. ampersands. signature lines. trademark & copyright symbols. ellipses. EQUITY | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS Eq­uity has a short, plain-Eng­lish font li­cense that in­cludes per­mis­sion to use it in PDFs, web­sites, apps, and elec­tronic books. Each li­cense cov­ers mul­ti­ple peo­ple, but only within a sin­gle or­ga­ni­za­tion or fam­ily. A li­cense can­not be split among friends or ran­dom strangers. De­tails here. FONT RECOMMENDATIONS Font recommendations. Sam­ple of Eq­uity printed on a letterpress.. Fonts are only one in­gre­di­ent of ty­pog­ra­phy. And mess­ing around with the font menu on your com­puter isn’t a sub­sti­tute for know­ing the fun­da­men­tals of type com­po­si­tion and text for­mat­ting.That’s why this chap­ter ap­pears in the mid­dle of the book, not the beginning. RÉSUMÉS | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS Print a two-page ré­sumé with two sheets of pa­per, even if you have a du­plex printer. You don’t want a po­ten­tial em­ployer to over­look the sec­ond page be­cause it’s printed on the back of the first.. Page mar­gins too small; line length too long. All text set in Cal­ibri (a sys­tem font).. Head­ings and gray boxes are too large rel­a­tive to body text. HIERARCHICAL HEADINGS hierarchical headings Consider tiered numbers. Tra­di­tion­ally, hi­er­ar­chi­cal head­ings in le­gal doc­u­ments start with ro­man nu­mer­als at the top level (I, II, III); then switch to cap­i­tal let­ters (A, B, C); then nu­mer­als (1, 2, 3); then low­er­case let­ters (a, b, c); then ro­manettes (i, ii, iii); LETTERHEAD | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS letterhead Divide into foreground and background. Not every­thing on a page is equally im­por­tant. As I men­tioned in max­ims of page lay­out, I think of doc­u­ments as hav­ing a fore­ground, con­tain­ing the most im­por­tant el­e­ments, and a back­ground, con­tain­ing every­thing else.Ty­pog­ra­phy com­mu­ni­cates this dis­tinc­tion to the reader visually.

HYPHENS AND DASHES

The hy­phen (-) is the small­est of these marks.It has three uses. A hy­phen ap­pears at the end of a line when a word breaks onto the next line. These hy­phens are added and re­moved au­to­mat­i­cally by your word proces­sor’s hy­phen­ation feature.. Some mul­ti­part words are spelled with a hy­phen (topsy-turvy, cost-ef­fec­tive, bric-a-brac).

HOW TO MAKE A PDF

How to make a PDF. There’s a right way and a wrong way to make a PDF. Based on an un­sci­en­tific sur­vey of the PDFs I’ve got­ten from law­yers, just about all of you are do­ing it the wrong way. The wrong way: print the doc­u­ment on pa­per and scan it to PDF. The right way: “print” the doc­u­ment di­rectly to PDF. Note Though al­most all the ma­te­r­ial in this web A BRIEF HISTORY OF TIMES NEW ROMAN A brief history of Times New Roman. Times New Ro­man gets its name from the Times of Lon­don, the British news­pa­per. In 1929, the Times hired ty­pog­ra­pher Stan­ley Mori­son to cre­ate a new text font. Mori­son led the project, su­per­vis­ing Vic­tor Lar­dent, an ad­ver­tis­ing artist for the Times, who drew the letterforms.. Even when new, Times New Ro­man had its crit WIDOW AND ORPHAN CONTROL widow and orphan control Your call. Pic­ture a para­graph that starts at the bot­tom of one page and con­tin­ues at the top of the next. When only the last line of the para­graph ap­pears at the top of the sec­ond page, that line is called a widow.When only the first line of the para­graph ap­pears at the bot­tom of the first page, that line is called an or­phan. TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERSHARD LINE BREAKSSTRAIGHT AND CURLY QUOTESHOW TO USE THIS BOOKTABLESOPENTYPE FEATURES Type composition. straight and curly quotes. one space between sentences. paragraph and section marks. hyphens and dashes. ampersands. signature lines. trademark & copyright symbols. ellipses. EQUITY | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS Eq­uity has a short, plain-Eng­lish font li­cense that in­cludes per­mis­sion to use it in PDFs, web­sites, apps, and elec­tronic books. Each li­cense cov­ers mul­ti­ple peo­ple, but only within a sin­gle or­ga­ni­za­tion or fam­ily. A li­cense can­not be split among friends or ran­dom strangers. De­tails here. FONT RECOMMENDATIONS Font recommendations. Sam­ple of Eq­uity printed on a letterpress.. Fonts are only one in­gre­di­ent of ty­pog­ra­phy. And mess­ing around with the font menu on your com­puter isn’t a sub­sti­tute for know­ing the fun­da­men­tals of type com­po­si­tion and text for­mat­ting.That’s why this chap­ter ap­pears in the mid­dle of the book, not the beginning. RÉSUMÉS | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS Print a two-page ré­sumé with two sheets of pa­per, even if you have a du­plex printer. You don’t want a po­ten­tial em­ployer to over­look the sec­ond page be­cause it’s printed on the back of the first.. Page mar­gins too small; line length too long. All text set in Cal­ibri (a sys­tem font).. Head­ings and gray boxes are too large rel­a­tive to body text. HIERARCHICAL HEADINGS hierarchical headings Consider tiered numbers. Tra­di­tion­ally, hi­er­ar­chi­cal head­ings in le­gal doc­u­ments start with ro­man nu­mer­als at the top level (I, II, III); then switch to cap­i­tal let­ters (A, B, C); then nu­mer­als (1, 2, 3); then low­er­case let­ters (a, b, c); then ro­manettes (i, ii, iii); LETTERHEAD | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS letterhead Divide into foreground and background. Not every­thing on a page is equally im­por­tant. As I men­tioned in max­ims of page lay­out, I think of doc­u­ments as hav­ing a fore­ground, con­tain­ing the most im­por­tant el­e­ments, and a back­ground, con­tain­ing every­thing else.Ty­pog­ra­phy com­mu­ni­cates this dis­tinc­tion to the reader visually.

HYPHENS AND DASHES

The hy­phen (-) is the small­est of these marks.It has three uses. A hy­phen ap­pears at the end of a line when a word breaks onto the next line. These hy­phens are added and re­moved au­to­mat­i­cally by your word proces­sor’s hy­phen­ation feature.. Some mul­ti­part words are spelled with a hy­phen (topsy-turvy, cost-ef­fec­tive, bric-a-brac).

HOW TO MAKE A PDF

How to make a PDF. There’s a right way and a wrong way to make a PDF. Based on an un­sci­en­tific sur­vey of the PDFs I’ve got­ten from law­yers, just about all of you are do­ing it the wrong way. The wrong way: print the doc­u­ment on pa­per and scan it to PDF. The right way: “print” the doc­u­ment di­rectly to PDF. Note Though al­most all the ma­te­r­ial in this web A BRIEF HISTORY OF TIMES NEW ROMAN A brief history of Times New Roman. Times New Ro­man gets its name from the Times of Lon­don, the British news­pa­per. In 1929, the Times hired ty­pog­ra­pher Stan­ley Mori­son to cre­ate a new text font. Mori­son led the project, su­per­vis­ing Vic­tor Lar­dent, an ad­ver­tis­ing artist for the Times, who drew the letterforms.. Even when new, Times New Ro­man had its crit WIDOW AND ORPHAN CONTROL widow and orphan control Your call. Pic­ture a para­graph that starts at the bot­tom of one page and con­tin­ues at the top of the next. When only the last line of the para­graph ap­pears at the top of the sec­ond page, that line is called a widow.When only the first line of the para­graph ap­pears at the bot­tom of the first page, that line is called an or­phan. FREE FONTS | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS Hun­dreds of free fonts have ar­rived in re­cent years. Not just “free” as in “al­ready in­stalled on your com­puter” (aka sys­tem fonts).But rather, re­leased un­der an open li­cense, most of­ten the OFL, which per­mits you to do al­most any­thing you want with them. Most

SAMPLE DOCUMENTS

Sample documents. right A pre­cur­sor to the mod­ern nasty­gram. Pub­lished in Boston, 1853. Now it’s time to put every­thing to­gether. Like good writ­ing, good ty­pog­ra­phy isn’t de­ter­mined by el­e­ments in iso­la­tion but by the re­la­tion­ship of those el­e­ments and the ef­fect of the whole.. So far we’ve looked at ty­po­graphic rules in­di­vid­u­ally. RÉSUMÉS | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS Print a two-page ré­sumé with two sheets of pa­per, even if you have a du­plex printer. You don’t want a po­ten­tial em­ployer to over­look the sec­ond page be­cause it’s printed on the back of the first.. Page mar­gins too small; line length too long. All text set in Cal­ibri (a sys­tem font).. Head­ings and gray boxes are too large rel­a­tive to body text. LETTERHEAD | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS letterhead Divide into foreground and background. Not every­thing on a page is equally im­por­tant. As I men­tioned in max­ims of page lay­out, I think of doc­u­ments as hav­ing a fore­ground, con­tain­ing the most im­por­tant el­e­ments, and a back­ground, con­tain­ing every­thing else.Ty­pog­ra­phy com­mu­ni­cates this dis­tinc­tion to the reader visually.

APOSTROPHES

apostrophes Make sure they’re curly and point downward. The apos­tro­phe has two func­tions we all re­mem­ber from sixth-grade Eng­lish class.. An apos­tro­phe in­di­cates the pos­ses­sive case (Jes­sica’s bagel).. In con­trac­tions, an apos­tro­phe takes the place of let­ters or num­bers that have been re­moved (is not be­comes isn’t, Patent No. 5,269,211

be­comes

ELLIPSES | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS “ is a mon­strous growth. I have not read the nine­teenth edi­tion. I have dipped into it, much as one might dip one’s toes in a pail of freez­ing water.” —Judge Richard A. Pos­ner, The Blue­book Blues, 120 Yale L.J. 850, 851–52 (2011). I’ve of­ten won­dered whether the zigzag­ging il­logic of the Blue­book is cal­cu­lated to pro­tect its fran STRAIGHT AND CURLY QUOTES straight and curly quotes Always use curly quotes. Straight quotes are the two generic ver­ti­cal quo­ta­tion marks lo­cated near the re­turn key: the straight sin­gle quote (') and the straight dou­ble quote (").. Curly quotes are the quo­ta­tion marks used in good ty­pog­ra­phy. There are four curly quote char­ac­ters: the open­ing sin­gle quote (‘), the clos­ing sin­gle

LINE SPACING

line spacing 120–145% of the point size. Line spac­ing is the ver­ti­cal dis­tance be­tween lines of text. Most writ­ers use ei­ther dou­ble-spaced lines or sin­gle-spaced lines—noth­ing in be­tween—be­cause those are the op­tions pre­sented by word processors.. These habits are ob­so­lete type­writer habits.Orig­i­nally, a type­writer’s platen could only move the CENTURY SCHOOLBOOK ALTERNATIVES Century Schoolbook alternatives Why use a children’s font? cen­tury schoolbook. cen­tury supra. miller. har­riet. in­ge­borg. The “Scotch Ro­man” style of text face has been con­sis­tently pop­u­lar since the mid-1800s, and traces its roots to the Ed­in­burgh foundry of William Miller. The orig­i­nal font named

Cen­tury, de

TIMES NEW ROMAN ALTERNATIVES Times New Roman alternatives You can do better. times new roman. eq­uity. tiem­pos. verdi­gris. It’s not that Times New Ro­man is a bad font. It’s just that you can and should do bet­ter (for why, see the next page). Eq­uity is a text fam­ily I de­signed for law­yers. It fits as much text on the page as Times New Ro­man, but

adds

TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERSHARD LINE BREAKSSTRAIGHT AND CURLY QUOTESHOW TO USE THIS BOOKTABLESOPENTYPE FEATURES Type composition. straight and curly quotes. one space between sentences. paragraph and section marks. hyphens and dashes. ampersands. signature lines. trademark & copyright symbols. ellipses. EQUITY | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS Eq­uity has a short, plain-Eng­lish font li­cense that in­cludes per­mis­sion to use it in PDFs, web­sites, apps, and elec­tronic books. Each li­cense cov­ers mul­ti­ple peo­ple, but only within a sin­gle or­ga­ni­za­tion or fam­ily. A li­cense can­not be split among friends or ran­dom strangers. De­tails here. FONT RECOMMENDATIONS Font recommendations. Sam­ple of Eq­uity printed on a letterpress.. Fonts are only one in­gre­di­ent of ty­pog­ra­phy. And mess­ing around with the font menu on your com­puter isn’t a sub­sti­tute for know­ing the fun­da­men­tals of type com­po­si­tion and text for­mat­ting.That’s why this chap­ter ap­pears in the mid­dle of the book, not the beginning. RÉSUMÉS | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS Print a two-page ré­sumé with two sheets of pa­per, even if you have a du­plex printer. You don’t want a po­ten­tial em­ployer to over­look the sec­ond page be­cause it’s printed on the back of the first.. Page mar­gins too small; line length too long. All text set in Cal­ibri (a sys­tem font).. Head­ings and gray boxes are too large rel­a­tive to body text. HIERARCHICAL HEADINGS hierarchical headings Consider tiered numbers. Tra­di­tion­ally, hi­er­ar­chi­cal head­ings in le­gal doc­u­ments start with ro­man nu­mer­als at the top level (I, II, III); then switch to cap­i­tal let­ters (A, B, C); then nu­mer­als (1, 2, 3); then low­er­case let­ters (a, b, c); then ro­manettes (i, ii, iii); LETTERHEAD | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS letterhead Divide into foreground and background. Not every­thing on a page is equally im­por­tant. As I men­tioned in max­ims of page lay­out, I think of doc­u­ments as hav­ing a fore­ground, con­tain­ing the most im­por­tant el­e­ments, and a back­ground, con­tain­ing every­thing else.Ty­pog­ra­phy com­mu­ni­cates this dis­tinc­tion to the reader visually.

HYPHENS AND DASHES

The hy­phen (-) is the small­est of these marks.It has three uses. A hy­phen ap­pears at the end of a line when a word breaks onto the next line. These hy­phens are added and re­moved au­to­mat­i­cally by your word proces­sor’s hy­phen­ation feature.. Some mul­ti­part words are spelled with a hy­phen (topsy-turvy, cost-ef­fec­tive, bric-a-brac).

HOW TO MAKE A PDF

How to make a PDF. There’s a right way and a wrong way to make a PDF. Based on an un­sci­en­tific sur­vey of the PDFs I’ve got­ten from law­yers, just about all of you are do­ing it the wrong way. The wrong way: print the doc­u­ment on pa­per and scan it to PDF. The right way: “print” the doc­u­ment di­rectly to PDF. Note Though al­most all the ma­te­r­ial in this web A BRIEF HISTORY OF TIMES NEW ROMAN A brief history of Times New Roman. Times New Ro­man gets its name from the Times of Lon­don, the British news­pa­per. In 1929, the Times hired ty­pog­ra­pher Stan­ley Mori­son to cre­ate a new text font. Mori­son led the project, su­per­vis­ing Vic­tor Lar­dent, an ad­ver­tis­ing artist for the Times, who drew the letterforms.. Even when new, Times New Ro­man had its crit WIDOW AND ORPHAN CONTROL widow and orphan control Your call. Pic­ture a para­graph that starts at the bot­tom of one page and con­tin­ues at the top of the next. When only the last line of the para­graph ap­pears at the top of the sec­ond page, that line is called a widow.When only the first line of the para­graph ap­pears at the bot­tom of the first page, that line is called an or­phan. TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERSHARD LINE BREAKSSTRAIGHT AND CURLY QUOTESHOW TO USE THIS BOOKTABLESOPENTYPE FEATURES Type composition. straight and curly quotes. one space between sentences. paragraph and section marks. hyphens and dashes. ampersands. signature lines. trademark & copyright symbols. ellipses. EQUITY | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS Eq­uity has a short, plain-Eng­lish font li­cense that in­cludes per­mis­sion to use it in PDFs, web­sites, apps, and elec­tronic books. Each li­cense cov­ers mul­ti­ple peo­ple, but only within a sin­gle or­ga­ni­za­tion or fam­ily. A li­cense can­not be split among friends or ran­dom strangers. De­tails here. FONT RECOMMENDATIONS Font recommendations. Sam­ple of Eq­uity printed on a letterpress.. Fonts are only one in­gre­di­ent of ty­pog­ra­phy. And mess­ing around with the font menu on your com­puter isn’t a sub­sti­tute for know­ing the fun­da­men­tals of type com­po­si­tion and text for­mat­ting.That’s why this chap­ter ap­pears in the mid­dle of the book, not the beginning. RÉSUMÉS | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS Print a two-page ré­sumé with two sheets of pa­per, even if you have a du­plex printer. You don’t want a po­ten­tial em­ployer to over­look the sec­ond page be­cause it’s printed on the back of the first.. Page mar­gins too small; line length too long. All text set in Cal­ibri (a sys­tem font).. Head­ings and gray boxes are too large rel­a­tive to body text. HIERARCHICAL HEADINGS hierarchical headings Consider tiered numbers. Tra­di­tion­ally, hi­er­ar­chi­cal head­ings in le­gal doc­u­ments start with ro­man nu­mer­als at the top level (I, II, III); then switch to cap­i­tal let­ters (A, B, C); then nu­mer­als (1, 2, 3); then low­er­case let­ters (a, b, c); then ro­manettes (i, ii, iii); LETTERHEAD | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS letterhead Divide into foreground and background. Not every­thing on a page is equally im­por­tant. As I men­tioned in max­ims of page lay­out, I think of doc­u­ments as hav­ing a fore­ground, con­tain­ing the most im­por­tant el­e­ments, and a back­ground, con­tain­ing every­thing else.Ty­pog­ra­phy com­mu­ni­cates this dis­tinc­tion to the reader visually.

HYPHENS AND DASHES

The hy­phen (-) is the small­est of these marks.It has three uses. A hy­phen ap­pears at the end of a line when a word breaks onto the next line. These hy­phens are added and re­moved au­to­mat­i­cally by your word proces­sor’s hy­phen­ation feature.. Some mul­ti­part words are spelled with a hy­phen (topsy-turvy, cost-ef­fec­tive, bric-a-brac).

HOW TO MAKE A PDF

How to make a PDF. There’s a right way and a wrong way to make a PDF. Based on an un­sci­en­tific sur­vey of the PDFs I’ve got­ten from law­yers, just about all of you are do­ing it the wrong way. The wrong way: print the doc­u­ment on pa­per and scan it to PDF. The right way: “print” the doc­u­ment di­rectly to PDF. Note Though al­most all the ma­te­r­ial in this web A BRIEF HISTORY OF TIMES NEW ROMAN A brief history of Times New Roman. Times New Ro­man gets its name from the Times of Lon­don, the British news­pa­per. In 1929, the Times hired ty­pog­ra­pher Stan­ley Mori­son to cre­ate a new text font. Mori­son led the project, su­per­vis­ing Vic­tor Lar­dent, an ad­ver­tis­ing artist for the Times, who drew the letterforms.. Even when new, Times New Ro­man had its crit WIDOW AND ORPHAN CONTROL widow and orphan control Your call. Pic­ture a para­graph that starts at the bot­tom of one page and con­tin­ues at the top of the next. When only the last line of the para­graph ap­pears at the top of the sec­ond page, that line is called a widow.When only the first line of the para­graph ap­pears at the bot­tom of the first page, that line is called an or­phan. FREE FONTS | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS Hun­dreds of free fonts have ar­rived in re­cent years. Not just “free” as in “al­ready in­stalled on your com­puter” (aka sys­tem fonts).But rather, re­leased un­der an open li­cense, most of­ten the OFL, which per­mits you to do al­most any­thing you want with them. Most

SAMPLE DOCUMENTS

Sample documents. right A pre­cur­sor to the mod­ern nasty­gram. Pub­lished in Boston, 1853. Now it’s time to put every­thing to­gether. Like good writ­ing, good ty­pog­ra­phy isn’t de­ter­mined by el­e­ments in iso­la­tion but by the re­la­tion­ship of those el­e­ments and the ef­fect of the whole.. So far we’ve looked at ty­po­graphic rules in­di­vid­u­ally. RÉSUMÉS | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS Print a two-page ré­sumé with two sheets of pa­per, even if you have a du­plex printer. You don’t want a po­ten­tial em­ployer to over­look the sec­ond page be­cause it’s printed on the back of the first.. Page mar­gins too small; line length too long. All text set in Cal­ibri (a sys­tem font).. Head­ings and gray boxes are too large rel­a­tive to body text. LETTERHEAD | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS letterhead Divide into foreground and background. Not every­thing on a page is equally im­por­tant. As I men­tioned in max­ims of page lay­out, I think of doc­u­ments as hav­ing a fore­ground, con­tain­ing the most im­por­tant el­e­ments, and a back­ground, con­tain­ing every­thing else.Ty­pog­ra­phy com­mu­ni­cates this dis­tinc­tion to the reader visually.

APOSTROPHES

apostrophes Make sure they’re curly and point downward. The apos­tro­phe has two func­tions we all re­mem­ber from sixth-grade Eng­lish class.. An apos­tro­phe in­di­cates the pos­ses­sive case (Jes­sica’s bagel).. In con­trac­tions, an apos­tro­phe takes the place of let­ters or num­bers that have been re­moved (is not be­comes isn’t, Patent No. 5,269,211

be­comes

ELLIPSES | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS “ is a mon­strous growth. I have not read the nine­teenth edi­tion. I have dipped into it, much as one might dip one’s toes in a pail of freez­ing water.” —Judge Richard A. Pos­ner, The Blue­book Blues, 120 Yale L.J. 850, 851–52 (2011). I’ve of­ten won­dered whether the zigzag­ging il­logic of the Blue­book is cal­cu­lated to pro­tect its fran STRAIGHT AND CURLY QUOTES straight and curly quotes Always use curly quotes. Straight quotes are the two generic ver­ti­cal quo­ta­tion marks lo­cated near the re­turn key: the straight sin­gle quote (') and the straight dou­ble quote (").. Curly quotes are the quo­ta­tion marks used in good ty­pog­ra­phy. There are four curly quote char­ac­ters: the open­ing sin­gle quote (‘), the clos­ing sin­gle

LINE SPACING

line spacing 120–145% of the point size. Line spac­ing is the ver­ti­cal dis­tance be­tween lines of text. Most writ­ers use ei­ther dou­ble-spaced lines or sin­gle-spaced lines—noth­ing in be­tween—be­cause those are the op­tions pre­sented by word processors.. These habits are ob­so­lete type­writer habits.Orig­i­nally, a type­writer’s platen could only move the CENTURY SCHOOLBOOK ALTERNATIVES Century Schoolbook alternatives Why use a children’s font? cen­tury schoolbook. cen­tury supra. miller. har­riet. in­ge­borg. The “Scotch Ro­man” style of text face has been con­sis­tently pop­u­lar since the mid-1800s, and traces its roots to the Ed­in­burgh foundry of William Miller. The orig­i­nal font named

Cen­tury, de

TIMES NEW ROMAN ALTERNATIVES Times New Roman alternatives You can do better. times new roman. eq­uity. tiem­pos. verdi­gris. It’s not that Times New Ro­man is a bad font. It’s just that you can and should do bet­ter (for why, see the next page). Eq­uity is a text fam­ily I de­signed for law­yers. It fits as much text on the page as Times New Ro­man, but

adds

TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERSHARD LINE BREAKSSTRAIGHT AND CURLY QUOTESHOW TO USE THIS BOOKTABLESOPENTYPE FEATURES Type composition. straight and curly quotes. one space between sentences. paragraph and section marks. hyphens and dashes. ampersands. signature lines. trademark & copyright symbols. ellipses. FREE FONTS | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS Hun­dreds of free fonts have ar­rived in re­cent years. Not just “free” as in “al­ready in­stalled on your com­puter” (aka sys­tem fonts).But rather, re­leased un­der an open li­cense, most of­ten the OFL, which per­mits you to do al­most any­thing you want with them. Most EQUITY | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS Eq­uity has a short, plain-Eng­lish font li­cense that in­cludes per­mis­sion to use it in PDFs, web­sites, apps, and elec­tronic books. Each li­cense cov­ers mul­ti­ple peo­ple, but only within a sin­gle or­ga­ni­za­tion or fam­ily. A li­cense can­not be split among friends or ran­dom strangers. De­tails here.

HOW TO MAKE A PDF

How to make a PDF. There’s a right way and a wrong way to make a PDF. Based on an un­sci­en­tific sur­vey of the PDFs I’ve got­ten from law­yers, just about all of you are do­ing it the wrong way. The wrong way: print the doc­u­ment on pa­per and scan it to PDF. The right way: “print” the doc­u­ment di­rectly to PDF. Note Though al­most all the ma­te­r­ial in this web TIMES NEW ROMAN ALTERNATIVES Times New Roman alternatives You can do better. times new roman. eq­uity. tiem­pos. verdi­gris. It’s not that Times New Ro­man is a bad font. It’s just that you can and should do bet­ter (for why, see the next page). Eq­uity is a text fam­ily I de­signed for law­yers. It fits as much text on the page as Times New Ro­man, but

adds

HIERARCHICAL HEADINGS hierarchical headings Consider tiered numbers. Tra­di­tion­ally, hi­er­ar­chi­cal head­ings in le­gal doc­u­ments start with ro­man nu­mer­als at the top level (I, II, III); then switch to cap­i­tal let­ters (A, B, C); then nu­mer­als (1, 2, 3); then low­er­case let­ters (a, b, c); then ro­manettes (i, ii, iii);

HYPHENS AND DASHES

The hy­phen (-) is the small­est of these marks.It has three uses. A hy­phen ap­pears at the end of a line when a word breaks onto the next line. These hy­phens are added and re­moved au­to­mat­i­cally by your word proces­sor’s hy­phen­ation feature.. Some mul­ti­part words are spelled with a hy­phen (topsy-turvy, cost-ef­fec­tive, bric-a-brac). ABOUT MATTHEW BUTTERICK About Matthew Butterick. I got my de­gree in de­sign and ty­pog­ra­phy at Har­vard Uni­ver­sity. I be­gan my ca­reer as a font de­signer in Boston. At the be­gin­ning of the in­ter­net era, I started Atomic Vi­sion, a web­site-de­sign com­pany in San Fran­cisco. Later, I at­tended UCLA law school and be­came a

mem­ber of

CENTURY SCHOOLBOOK ALTERNATIVES Century Schoolbook alternatives Why use a children’s font? cen­tury schoolbook. cen­tury supra. miller. har­riet. in­ge­borg. The “Scotch Ro­man” style of text face has been con­sis­tently pop­u­lar since the mid-1800s, and traces its roots to the Ed­in­burgh foundry of William Miller. The orig­i­nal font named

Cen­tury, de

WIDOW AND ORPHAN CONTROL widow and orphan control Your call. Pic­ture a para­graph that starts at the bot­tom of one page and con­tin­ues at the top of the next. When only the last line of the para­graph ap­pears at the top of the sec­ond page, that line is called a widow.When only the first line of the para­graph ap­pears at the bot­tom of the first page, that line is called an or­phan. TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERSHARD LINE BREAKSSTRAIGHT AND CURLY QUOTESHOW TO USE THIS BOOKTABLESOPENTYPE FEATURES Type composition. straight and curly quotes. one space between sentences. paragraph and section marks. hyphens and dashes. ampersands. signature lines. trademark & copyright symbols. ellipses. FREE FONTS | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS Hun­dreds of free fonts have ar­rived in re­cent years. Not just “free” as in “al­ready in­stalled on your com­puter” (aka sys­tem fonts).But rather, re­leased un­der an open li­cense, most of­ten the OFL, which per­mits you to do al­most any­thing you want with them. Most EQUITY | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS Eq­uity has a short, plain-Eng­lish font li­cense that in­cludes per­mis­sion to use it in PDFs, web­sites, apps, and elec­tronic books. Each li­cense cov­ers mul­ti­ple peo­ple, but only within a sin­gle or­ga­ni­za­tion or fam­ily. A li­cense can­not be split among friends or ran­dom strangers. De­tails here.

HOW TO MAKE A PDF

How to make a PDF. There’s a right way and a wrong way to make a PDF. Based on an un­sci­en­tific sur­vey of the PDFs I’ve got­ten from law­yers, just about all of you are do­ing it the wrong way. The wrong way: print the doc­u­ment on pa­per and scan it to PDF. The right way: “print” the doc­u­ment di­rectly to PDF. Note Though al­most all the ma­te­r­ial in this web HIERARCHICAL HEADINGS hierarchical headings Consider tiered numbers. Tra­di­tion­ally, hi­er­ar­chi­cal head­ings in le­gal doc­u­ments start with ro­man nu­mer­als at the top level (I, II, III); then switch to cap­i­tal let­ters (A, B, C); then nu­mer­als (1, 2, 3); then low­er­case let­ters (a, b, c); then ro­manettes (i, ii, iii); TIMES NEW ROMAN ALTERNATIVES Times New Roman alternatives You can do better. times new roman. eq­uity. tiem­pos. verdi­gris. It’s not that Times New Ro­man is a bad font. It’s just that you can and should do bet­ter (for why, see the next page). Eq­uity is a text fam­ily I de­signed for law­yers. It fits as much text on the page as Times New Ro­man, but

adds

HYPHENS AND DASHES

The hy­phen (-) is the small­est of these marks.It has three uses. A hy­phen ap­pears at the end of a line when a word breaks onto the next line. These hy­phens are added and re­moved au­to­mat­i­cally by your word proces­sor’s hy­phen­ation feature.. Some mul­ti­part words are spelled with a hy­phen (topsy-turvy, cost-ef­fec­tive, bric-a-brac). ABOUT MATTHEW BUTTERICK About Matthew Butterick. I got my de­gree in de­sign and ty­pog­ra­phy at Har­vard Uni­ver­sity. I be­gan my ca­reer as a font de­signer in Boston. At the be­gin­ning of the in­ter­net era, I started Atomic Vi­sion, a web­site-de­sign com­pany in San Fran­cisco. Later, I at­tended UCLA law school and be­came a

mem­ber of

CENTURY SCHOOLBOOK ALTERNATIVES Century Schoolbook alternatives Why use a children’s font? cen­tury schoolbook. cen­tury supra. miller. har­riet. in­ge­borg. The “Scotch Ro­man” style of text face has been con­sis­tently pop­u­lar since the mid-1800s, and traces its roots to the Ed­in­burgh foundry of William Miller. The orig­i­nal font named

Cen­tury, de

WIDOW AND ORPHAN CONTROL widow and orphan control Your call. Pic­ture a para­graph that starts at the bot­tom of one page and con­tin­ues at the top of the next. When only the last line of the para­graph ap­pears at the top of the sec­ond page, that line is called a widow.When only the first line of the para­graph ap­pears at the bot­tom of the first page, that line is called an or­phan. ADVOCATE | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS Ad­vo­cate is an as­sertive all-caps dis­play face, es­pe­cially good for busi­ness cards, let­ter­head, lo­gos, and ti­tles. I use it through­out this book for headlines. A to­tal of 18 styles: three widths (= medium, semi­bold, bold) and three weights (= con­densed, nar­row, reg­u­lar), in both sans and slab-serif

versions.

COLUMNS | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS columns Your call. They’re un­usual in le­gal doc­u­ments, but I don’t ob­ject to columns in a long doc­u­ment like a con­tract or a set­tle­ment agree­ment. Columns are an easy way to get a shorter and more leg­i­ble line length with­out us­ing large page mar­gins.On a stan­dard 8.5″ × 11″ page, two or three columns

are fine.

FONT RECOMMENDATIONS Font recommendations. Sam­ple of Eq­uity printed on a letterpress.. Fonts are only one in­gre­di­ent of ty­pog­ra­phy. And mess­ing around with the font menu on your com­puter isn’t a sub­sti­tute for know­ing the fun­da­men­tals of type com­po­si­tion and text for­mat­ting.That’s why this chap­ter ap­pears in the mid­dle of the book, not the beginning.

APOSTROPHES

apostrophes Make sure they’re curly and point downward. The apos­tro­phe has two func­tions we all re­mem­ber from sixth-grade Eng­lish class.. An apos­tro­phe in­di­cates the pos­ses­sive case (Jes­sica’s bagel).. In con­trac­tions, an apos­tro­phe takes the place of let­ters or num­bers that have been re­moved (is not be­comes isn’t, Patent No. 5,269,211

be­comes

SYSTEM FONTS

system fonts Avoid if you can, choose wisely if you can’t. As pro­fes­sional writ­ers, law­yers ought to rely on pro­fes­sional fonts. They’re the quick­est and eas­i­est way to up­grade your ty­pog­ra­phy.

JUSTIFIED TEXT

justified text Your choice, but hyphenation is required. Jus­ti­fied text is spaced so the left and right sides of the text block both have a straight edge. The usual al­ter­na­tive to jus­ti­fied text is left-aligned text, which has an un­even right edge.Com­pared to

left-aligned text,

CENTURY SCHOOLBOOK ALTERNATIVES Century Schoolbook alternatives Why use a children’s font? cen­tury schoolbook. cen­tury supra. miller. har­riet. in­ge­borg. The “Scotch Ro­man” style of text face has been con­sis­tently pop­u­lar since the mid-1800s, and traces its roots to the Ed­in­burgh foundry of William Miller. The orig­i­nal font named

Cen­tury, de

PARAGRAPH AND SECTION MARKS paragraph and section marks Insert a nonbreaking space. The para­graph mark (¶) is used when cit­ing doc­u­ments with se­quen­tially num­bered para­graphs (e.g., de­c­la­ra­tions or com­plaints).The sec­tion mark (§) is used when cit­ing doc­u­ments with num­bered or let­tered sec­tions (e.g.,

statutes).

ELLIPSES | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS “ is a mon­strous growth. I have not read the nine­teenth edi­tion. I have dipped into it, much as one might dip one’s toes in a pail of freez­ing water.” —Judge Richard A. Pos­ner, The Blue­book Blues, 120 Yale L.J. 850, 851–52 (2011). I’ve of­ten won­dered whether the zigzag­ging il­logic of the Blue­book is cal­cu­lated to pro­tect its fran A BRIEF HISTORY OF TIMES NEW ROMAN A brief history of Times New Roman. Times New Ro­man gets its name from the Times of Lon­don, the British news­pa­per. In 1929, the Times hired ty­pog­ra­pher Stan­ley Mori­son to cre­ate a new text font. Mori­son led the project, su­per­vis­ing Vic­tor Lar­dent, an ad­ver­tis­ing artist for the Times, who drew the letterforms.. Even when new, Times New Ro­man had its crit TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERSHARD LINE BREAKSSTRAIGHT AND CURLY QUOTESHOW TO USE THIS BOOKTABLESOPENTYPE FEATURESTYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS PDF Type composition. straight and curly quotes. one space between sentences. paragraph and section marks. hyphens and dashes. ampersands. signature lines. trademark & copyright symbols. ellipses. FREE FONTS | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERSFONTS FOR LAWYERSFREE TYPOGRAPHY FONTFREE TYPOGRAPHY FONTTYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS PDFDIFFERENT TYPOGRAPHY FONTSDIFFERENT TYPOGRAPHY FONTS Hun­dreds of free fonts have ar­rived in re­cent years. Not just “free” as in “al­ready in­stalled on your com­puter” (aka sys­tem fonts).But rather, re­leased un­der an open li­cense, most of­ten the OFL, which per­mits you to do al­most any­thing you want with them. Most EQUITY | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERSBEST FONT FOR LAWYERSFONTS FOR LAWYERS Eq­uity has a short, plain-Eng­lish font li­cense that in­cludes per­mis­sion to use it in PDFs, web­sites, apps, and elec­tronic books. Each li­cense cov­ers mul­ti­ple peo­ple, but only within a sin­gle or­ga­ni­za­tion or fam­ily. A li­cense can­not be split among friends or ran­dom strangers. De­tails here.

HOW TO MAKE A PDF

How to make a PDF. There’s a right way and a wrong way to make a PDF. Based on an un­sci­en­tific sur­vey of the PDFs I’ve got­ten from law­yers, just about all of you are do­ing it the wrong way. The wrong way: print the doc­u­ment on pa­per and scan it to PDF. The right way: “print” the doc­u­ment di­rectly to PDF. Note Though al­most all the ma­te­r­ial in this web TIMES NEW ROMAN ALTERNATIVES Times New Roman alternatives You can do better. times new roman. eq­uity. tiem­pos. verdi­gris. It’s not that Times New Ro­man is a bad font. It’s just that you can and should do bet­ter (for why, see the next page). Eq­uity is a text fam­ily I de­signed for law­yers. It fits as much text on the page as Times New Ro­man, but

adds

HIERARCHICAL HEADINGS hierarchical headings Consider tiered numbers. Tra­di­tion­ally, hi­er­ar­chi­cal head­ings in le­gal doc­u­ments start with ro­man nu­mer­als at the top level (I, II, III); then switch to cap­i­tal let­ters (A, B, C); then nu­mer­als (1, 2, 3); then low­er­case let­ters (a, b, c); then ro­manettes (i, ii, iii);

HYPHENS AND DASHES

The hy­phen (-) is the small­est of these marks.It has three uses. A hy­phen ap­pears at the end of a line when a word breaks onto the next line. These hy­phens are added and re­moved au­to­mat­i­cally by your word proces­sor’s hy­phen­ation feature.. Some mul­ti­part words are spelled with a hy­phen (topsy-turvy, cost-ef­fec­tive, bric-a-brac). ABOUT MATTHEW BUTTERICK About Matthew Butterick. I got my de­gree in de­sign and ty­pog­ra­phy at Har­vard Uni­ver­sity. I be­gan my ca­reer as a font de­signer in Boston. At the be­gin­ning of the in­ter­net era, I started Atomic Vi­sion, a web­site-de­sign com­pany in San Fran­cisco. Later, I at­tended UCLA law school and be­came a

mem­ber of

CENTURY SCHOOLBOOK ALTERNATIVES Century Schoolbook alternatives Why use a children’s font? cen­tury schoolbook. cen­tury supra. miller. har­riet. in­ge­borg. The “Scotch Ro­man” style of text face has been con­sis­tently pop­u­lar since the mid-1800s, and traces its roots to the Ed­in­burgh foundry of William Miller. The orig­i­nal font named

Cen­tury, de

WIDOW AND ORPHAN CONTROL widow and orphan control Your call. Pic­ture a para­graph that starts at the bot­tom of one page and con­tin­ues at the top of the next. When only the last line of the para­graph ap­pears at the top of the sec­ond page, that line is called a widow.When only the first line of the para­graph ap­pears at the bot­tom of the first page, that line is called an or­phan. TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERSHARD LINE BREAKSSTRAIGHT AND CURLY QUOTESHOW TO USE THIS BOOKTABLESOPENTYPE FEATURESTYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS PDF Type composition. straight and curly quotes. one space between sentences. paragraph and section marks. hyphens and dashes. ampersands. signature lines. trademark & copyright symbols. ellipses. FREE FONTS | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERSFONTS FOR LAWYERSFREE TYPOGRAPHY FONTFREE TYPOGRAPHY FONTTYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS PDFDIFFERENT TYPOGRAPHY FONTSDIFFERENT TYPOGRAPHY FONTS Hun­dreds of free fonts have ar­rived in re­cent years. Not just “free” as in “al­ready in­stalled on your com­puter” (aka sys­tem fonts).But rather, re­leased un­der an open li­cense, most of­ten the OFL, which per­mits you to do al­most any­thing you want with them. Most EQUITY | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERSBEST FONT FOR LAWYERSFONTS FOR LAWYERS Eq­uity has a short, plain-Eng­lish font li­cense that in­cludes per­mis­sion to use it in PDFs, web­sites, apps, and elec­tronic books. Each li­cense cov­ers mul­ti­ple peo­ple, but only within a sin­gle or­ga­ni­za­tion or fam­ily. A li­cense can­not be split among friends or ran­dom strangers. De­tails here.

HOW TO MAKE A PDF

How to make a PDF. There’s a right way and a wrong way to make a PDF. Based on an un­sci­en­tific sur­vey of the PDFs I’ve got­ten from law­yers, just about all of you are do­ing it the wrong way. The wrong way: print the doc­u­ment on pa­per and scan it to PDF. The right way: “print” the doc­u­ment di­rectly to PDF. Note Though al­most all the ma­te­r­ial in this web TIMES NEW ROMAN ALTERNATIVES Times New Roman alternatives You can do better. times new roman. eq­uity. tiem­pos. verdi­gris. It’s not that Times New Ro­man is a bad font. It’s just that you can and should do bet­ter (for why, see the next page). Eq­uity is a text fam­ily I de­signed for law­yers. It fits as much text on the page as Times New Ro­man, but

adds

HIERARCHICAL HEADINGS hierarchical headings Consider tiered numbers. Tra­di­tion­ally, hi­er­ar­chi­cal head­ings in le­gal doc­u­ments start with ro­man nu­mer­als at the top level (I, II, III); then switch to cap­i­tal let­ters (A, B, C); then nu­mer­als (1, 2, 3); then low­er­case let­ters (a, b, c); then ro­manettes (i, ii, iii);

HYPHENS AND DASHES

The hy­phen (-) is the small­est of these marks.It has three uses. A hy­phen ap­pears at the end of a line when a word breaks onto the next line. These hy­phens are added and re­moved au­to­mat­i­cally by your word proces­sor’s hy­phen­ation feature.. Some mul­ti­part words are spelled with a hy­phen (topsy-turvy, cost-ef­fec­tive, bric-a-brac). ABOUT MATTHEW BUTTERICK About Matthew Butterick. I got my de­gree in de­sign and ty­pog­ra­phy at Har­vard Uni­ver­sity. I be­gan my ca­reer as a font de­signer in Boston. At the be­gin­ning of the in­ter­net era, I started Atomic Vi­sion, a web­site-de­sign com­pany in San Fran­cisco. Later, I at­tended UCLA law school and be­came a

mem­ber of

CENTURY SCHOOLBOOK ALTERNATIVES Century Schoolbook alternatives Why use a children’s font? cen­tury schoolbook. cen­tury supra. miller. har­riet. in­ge­borg. The “Scotch Ro­man” style of text face has been con­sis­tently pop­u­lar since the mid-1800s, and traces its roots to the Ed­in­burgh foundry of William Miller. The orig­i­nal font named

Cen­tury, de

WIDOW AND ORPHAN CONTROL widow and orphan control Your call. Pic­ture a para­graph that starts at the bot­tom of one page and con­tin­ues at the top of the next. When only the last line of the para­graph ap­pears at the top of the sec­ond page, that line is called a widow.When only the first line of the para­graph ap­pears at the bot­tom of the first page, that line is called an or­phan. ADVOCATE | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS Ad­vo­cate is an as­sertive all-caps dis­play face, es­pe­cially good for busi­ness cards, let­ter­head, lo­gos, and ti­tles. I use it through­out this book for headlines. A to­tal of 18 styles: three widths (= medium, semi­bold, bold) and three weights (= con­densed, nar­row, reg­u­lar), in both sans and slab-serif

versions.

COLUMNS | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS columns Your call. They’re un­usual in le­gal doc­u­ments, but I don’t ob­ject to columns in a long doc­u­ment like a con­tract or a set­tle­ment agree­ment. Columns are an easy way to get a shorter and more leg­i­ble line length with­out us­ing large page mar­gins.On a stan­dard 8.5″ × 11″ page, two or three columns

are fine.

FONT RECOMMENDATIONS Font recommendations. Sam­ple of Eq­uity printed on a letterpress.. Fonts are only one in­gre­di­ent of ty­pog­ra­phy. And mess­ing around with the font menu on your com­puter isn’t a sub­sti­tute for know­ing the fun­da­men­tals of type com­po­si­tion and text for­mat­ting.That’s why this chap­ter ap­pears in the mid­dle of the book, not the beginning.

APOSTROPHES

apostrophes Make sure they’re curly and point downward. The apos­tro­phe has two func­tions we all re­mem­ber from sixth-grade Eng­lish class.. An apos­tro­phe in­di­cates the pos­ses­sive case (Jes­sica’s bagel).. In con­trac­tions, an apos­tro­phe takes the place of let­ters or num­bers that have been re­moved (is not be­comes isn’t, Patent No. 5,269,211

be­comes

SYSTEM FONTS

system fonts Avoid if you can, choose wisely if you can’t. As pro­fes­sional writ­ers, law­yers ought to rely on pro­fes­sional fonts. They’re the quick­est and eas­i­est way to up­grade your ty­pog­ra­phy.

JUSTIFIED TEXT

justified text Your choice, but hyphenation is required. Jus­ti­fied text is spaced so the left and right sides of the text block both have a straight edge. The usual al­ter­na­tive to jus­ti­fied text is left-aligned text, which has an un­even right edge.Com­pared to

left-aligned text,

CENTURY SCHOOLBOOK ALTERNATIVES Century Schoolbook alternatives Why use a children’s font? cen­tury schoolbook. cen­tury supra. miller. har­riet. in­ge­borg. The “Scotch Ro­man” style of text face has been con­sis­tently pop­u­lar since the mid-1800s, and traces its roots to the Ed­in­burgh foundry of William Miller. The orig­i­nal font named

Cen­tury, de

PARAGRAPH AND SECTION MARKS paragraph and section marks Insert a nonbreaking space. The para­graph mark (¶) is used when cit­ing doc­u­ments with se­quen­tially num­bered para­graphs (e.g., de­c­la­ra­tions or com­plaints).The sec­tion mark (§) is used when cit­ing doc­u­ments with num­bered or let­tered sec­tions (e.g.,

statutes).

ELLIPSES | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS “ is a mon­strous growth. I have not read the nine­teenth edi­tion. I have dipped into it, much as one might dip one’s toes in a pail of freez­ing water.” —Judge Richard A. Pos­ner, The Blue­book Blues, 120 Yale L.J. 850, 851–52 (2011). I’ve of­ten won­dered whether the zigzag­ging il­logic of the Blue­book is cal­cu­lated to pro­tect its fran A BRIEF HISTORY OF TIMES NEW ROMAN A brief history of Times New Roman. Times New Ro­man gets its name from the Times of Lon­don, the British news­pa­per. In 1929, the Times hired ty­pog­ra­pher Stan­ley Mori­son to cre­ate a new text font. Mori­son led the project, su­per­vis­ing Vic­tor Lar­dent, an ad­ver­tis­ing artist for the Times, who drew the letterforms.. Even when new, Times New Ro­man had its crit TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERSHARD LINE BREAKSSTRAIGHT AND CURLY QUOTESHOW TO USE THIS BOOKTABLESOPENTYPE FEATURESTYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS PDF Type composition. straight and curly quotes. one space between sentences. paragraph and section marks. hyphens and dashes. ampersands. signature lines. trademark & copyright symbols. ellipses. FREE FONTS | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERSFONTS FOR LAWYERSFREE TYPOGRAPHY FONTFREE TYPOGRAPHY FONTTYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS PDFDIFFERENT TYPOGRAPHY FONTSDIFFERENT TYPOGRAPHY FONTS Hun­dreds of free fonts have ar­rived in re­cent years. Not just “free” as in “al­ready in­stalled on your com­puter” (aka sys­tem fonts).But rather, re­leased un­der an open li­cense, most of­ten the OFL, which per­mits you to do al­most any­thing you want with them. Most EQUITY | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERSBEST FONT FOR LAWYERSFONTS FOR LAWYERS Eq­uity has a short, plain-Eng­lish font li­cense that in­cludes per­mis­sion to use it in PDFs, web­sites, apps, and elec­tronic books. Each li­cense cov­ers mul­ti­ple peo­ple, but only within a sin­gle or­ga­ni­za­tion or fam­ily. A li­cense can­not be split among friends or ran­dom strangers. De­tails here.

HOW TO MAKE A PDF

How to make a PDF. There’s a right way and a wrong way to make a PDF. Based on an un­sci­en­tific sur­vey of the PDFs I’ve got­ten from law­yers, just about all of you are do­ing it the wrong way. The wrong way: print the doc­u­ment on pa­per and scan it to PDF. The right way: “print” the doc­u­ment di­rectly to PDF. Note Though al­most all the ma­te­r­ial in this web TIMES NEW ROMAN ALTERNATIVES Times New Roman alternatives You can do better. times new roman. eq­uity. tiem­pos. verdi­gris. It’s not that Times New Ro­man is a bad font. It’s just that you can and should do bet­ter (for why, see the next page). Eq­uity is a text fam­ily I de­signed for law­yers. It fits as much text on the page as Times New Ro­man, but

adds

HIERARCHICAL HEADINGS hierarchical headings Consider tiered numbers. Tra­di­tion­ally, hi­er­ar­chi­cal head­ings in le­gal doc­u­ments start with ro­man nu­mer­als at the top level (I, II, III); then switch to cap­i­tal let­ters (A, B, C); then nu­mer­als (1, 2, 3); then low­er­case let­ters (a, b, c); then ro­manettes (i, ii, iii);

HYPHENS AND DASHES

The hy­phen (-) is the small­est of these marks.It has three uses. A hy­phen ap­pears at the end of a line when a word breaks onto the next line. These hy­phens are added and re­moved au­to­mat­i­cally by your word proces­sor’s hy­phen­ation feature.. Some mul­ti­part words are spelled with a hy­phen (topsy-turvy, cost-ef­fec­tive, bric-a-brac). ABOUT MATTHEW BUTTERICK About Matthew Butterick. I got my de­gree in de­sign and ty­pog­ra­phy at Har­vard Uni­ver­sity. I be­gan my ca­reer as a font de­signer in Boston. At the be­gin­ning of the in­ter­net era, I started Atomic Vi­sion, a web­site-de­sign com­pany in San Fran­cisco. Later, I at­tended UCLA law school and be­came a

mem­ber of

CENTURY SCHOOLBOOK ALTERNATIVES Century Schoolbook alternatives Why use a children’s font? cen­tury schoolbook. cen­tury supra. miller. har­riet. in­ge­borg. The “Scotch Ro­man” style of text face has been con­sis­tently pop­u­lar since the mid-1800s, and traces its roots to the Ed­in­burgh foundry of William Miller. The orig­i­nal font named

Cen­tury, de

WIDOW AND ORPHAN CONTROL widow and orphan control Your call. Pic­ture a para­graph that starts at the bot­tom of one page and con­tin­ues at the top of the next. When only the last line of the para­graph ap­pears at the top of the sec­ond page, that line is called a widow.When only the first line of the para­graph ap­pears at the bot­tom of the first page, that line is called an or­phan. TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERSHARD LINE BREAKSSTRAIGHT AND CURLY QUOTESHOW TO USE THIS BOOKTABLESOPENTYPE FEATURESTYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS PDF Type composition. straight and curly quotes. one space between sentences. paragraph and section marks. hyphens and dashes. ampersands. signature lines. trademark & copyright symbols. ellipses. FREE FONTS | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERSFONTS FOR LAWYERSFREE TYPOGRAPHY FONTFREE TYPOGRAPHY FONTTYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS PDFDIFFERENT TYPOGRAPHY FONTSDIFFERENT TYPOGRAPHY FONTS Hun­dreds of free fonts have ar­rived in re­cent years. Not just “free” as in “al­ready in­stalled on your com­puter” (aka sys­tem fonts).But rather, re­leased un­der an open li­cense, most of­ten the OFL, which per­mits you to do al­most any­thing you want with them. Most EQUITY | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERSBEST FONT FOR LAWYERSFONTS FOR LAWYERS Eq­uity has a short, plain-Eng­lish font li­cense that in­cludes per­mis­sion to use it in PDFs, web­sites, apps, and elec­tronic books. Each li­cense cov­ers mul­ti­ple peo­ple, but only within a sin­gle or­ga­ni­za­tion or fam­ily. A li­cense can­not be split among friends or ran­dom strangers. De­tails here.

HOW TO MAKE A PDF

How to make a PDF. There’s a right way and a wrong way to make a PDF. Based on an un­sci­en­tific sur­vey of the PDFs I’ve got­ten from law­yers, just about all of you are do­ing it the wrong way. The wrong way: print the doc­u­ment on pa­per and scan it to PDF. The right way: “print” the doc­u­ment di­rectly to PDF. Note Though al­most all the ma­te­r­ial in this web TIMES NEW ROMAN ALTERNATIVES Times New Roman alternatives You can do better. times new roman. eq­uity. tiem­pos. verdi­gris. It’s not that Times New Ro­man is a bad font. It’s just that you can and should do bet­ter (for why, see the next page). Eq­uity is a text fam­ily I de­signed for law­yers. It fits as much text on the page as Times New Ro­man, but

adds

HIERARCHICAL HEADINGS hierarchical headings Consider tiered numbers. Tra­di­tion­ally, hi­er­ar­chi­cal head­ings in le­gal doc­u­ments start with ro­man nu­mer­als at the top level (I, II, III); then switch to cap­i­tal let­ters (A, B, C); then nu­mer­als (1, 2, 3); then low­er­case let­ters (a, b, c); then ro­manettes (i, ii, iii);

HYPHENS AND DASHES

The hy­phen (-) is the small­est of these marks.It has three uses. A hy­phen ap­pears at the end of a line when a word breaks onto the next line. These hy­phens are added and re­moved au­to­mat­i­cally by your word proces­sor’s hy­phen­ation feature.. Some mul­ti­part words are spelled with a hy­phen (topsy-turvy, cost-ef­fec­tive, bric-a-brac). ABOUT MATTHEW BUTTERICK About Matthew Butterick. I got my de­gree in de­sign and ty­pog­ra­phy at Har­vard Uni­ver­sity. I be­gan my ca­reer as a font de­signer in Boston. At the be­gin­ning of the in­ter­net era, I started Atomic Vi­sion, a web­site-de­sign com­pany in San Fran­cisco. Later, I at­tended UCLA law school and be­came a

mem­ber of

CENTURY SCHOOLBOOK ALTERNATIVES Century Schoolbook alternatives Why use a children’s font? cen­tury schoolbook. cen­tury supra. miller. har­riet. in­ge­borg. The “Scotch Ro­man” style of text face has been con­sis­tently pop­u­lar since the mid-1800s, and traces its roots to the Ed­in­burgh foundry of William Miller. The orig­i­nal font named

Cen­tury, de

WIDOW AND ORPHAN CONTROL widow and orphan control Your call. Pic­ture a para­graph that starts at the bot­tom of one page and con­tin­ues at the top of the next. When only the last line of the para­graph ap­pears at the top of the sec­ond page, that line is called a widow.When only the first line of the para­graph ap­pears at the bot­tom of the first page, that line is called an or­phan. ADVOCATE | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS Ad­vo­cate is an as­sertive all-caps dis­play face, es­pe­cially good for busi­ness cards, let­ter­head, lo­gos, and ti­tles. I use it through­out this book for headlines. A to­tal of 18 styles: three widths (= medium, semi­bold, bold) and three weights (= con­densed, nar­row, reg­u­lar), in both sans and slab-serif

versions.

COLUMNS | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS columns Your call. They’re un­usual in le­gal doc­u­ments, but I don’t ob­ject to columns in a long doc­u­ment like a con­tract or a set­tle­ment agree­ment. Columns are an easy way to get a shorter and more leg­i­ble line length with­out us­ing large page mar­gins.On a stan­dard 8.5″ × 11″ page, two or three columns

are fine.

FONT RECOMMENDATIONS Font recommendations. Sam­ple of Eq­uity printed on a letterpress.. Fonts are only one in­gre­di­ent of ty­pog­ra­phy. And mess­ing around with the font menu on your com­puter isn’t a sub­sti­tute for know­ing the fun­da­men­tals of type com­po­si­tion and text for­mat­ting.That’s why this chap­ter ap­pears in the mid­dle of the book, not the beginning.

APOSTROPHES

apostrophes Make sure they’re curly and point downward. The apos­tro­phe has two func­tions we all re­mem­ber from sixth-grade Eng­lish class.. An apos­tro­phe in­di­cates the pos­ses­sive case (Jes­sica’s bagel).. In con­trac­tions, an apos­tro­phe takes the place of let­ters or num­bers that have been re­moved (is not be­comes isn’t, Patent No. 5,269,211

be­comes

SYSTEM FONTS

system fonts Avoid if you can, choose wisely if you can’t. As pro­fes­sional writ­ers, law­yers ought to rely on pro­fes­sional fonts. They’re the quick­est and eas­i­est way to up­grade your ty­pog­ra­phy.

JUSTIFIED TEXT

justified text Your choice, but hyphenation is required. Jus­ti­fied text is spaced so the left and right sides of the text block both have a straight edge. The usual al­ter­na­tive to jus­ti­fied text is left-aligned text, which has an un­even right edge.Com­pared to

left-aligned text,

CENTURY SCHOOLBOOK ALTERNATIVES Century Schoolbook alternatives Why use a children’s font? cen­tury schoolbook. cen­tury supra. miller. har­riet. in­ge­borg. The “Scotch Ro­man” style of text face has been con­sis­tently pop­u­lar since the mid-1800s, and traces its roots to the Ed­in­burgh foundry of William Miller. The orig­i­nal font named

Cen­tury, de

PARAGRAPH AND SECTION MARKS paragraph and section marks Insert a nonbreaking space. The para­graph mark (¶) is used when cit­ing doc­u­ments with se­quen­tially num­bered para­graphs (e.g., de­c­la­ra­tions or com­plaints).The sec­tion mark (§) is used when cit­ing doc­u­ments with num­bered or let­tered sec­tions (e.g.,

statutes).

ELLIPSES | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS “ is a mon­strous growth. I have not read the nine­teenth edi­tion. I have dipped into it, much as one might dip one’s toes in a pail of freez­ing water.” —Judge Richard A. Pos­ner, The Blue­book Blues, 120 Yale L.J. 850, 851–52 (2011). I’ve of­ten won­dered whether the zigzag­ging il­logic of the Blue­book is cal­cu­lated to pro­tect its fran A BRIEF HISTORY OF TIMES NEW ROMAN A brief history of Times New Roman. Times New Ro­man gets its name from the Times of Lon­don, the British news­pa­per. In 1929, the Times hired ty­pog­ra­pher Stan­ley Mori­son to cre­ate a new text font. Mori­son led the project, su­per­vis­ing Vic­tor Lar­dent, an ad­ver­tis­ing artist for the Times, who drew the letterforms.. Even when new, Times New Ro­man had its crit

Ty­pog­ra­phy

for Lawyers

2nd edition

Ty­pog­ra­phy for Lawyers SUMMARY OF KEY RULES

START

* foreword by Bryan A. Garner

* introduction

* how to use this book

* acknowledgments

* about Matthew Butterick

* legal

PLEASE PAY FOR THIS BOOK * how to pay for this book * why you should pay

* MB fonts

WHY TYPOGRAPHY MATTERS * what is typography? * who is typography for? * why does typography matter? * what is good typography? * where do the rules come from? DROWNING THE “CRYSTAL GOBLET”

TYPE COMPOSITION

* straight and curly quotes * one space between sentences * paragraph and section marks * hyphens and dashes

* ampersands

* signature lines

* trademark & copyright symbols

* ellipses

* apostrophes

* accented characters * foot and inch marks * white-space characters

* word spaces

* nonbreaking spaces * tabs and tab stops

* hard line breaks

* carriage returns

* hard page breaks

* optional hyphens

* math symbols

* ligatures

EM SIZING

TEXT FORMATTING

* underlining

* goofy fonts

* monospaced fonts

* system fonts

* bold or italic

* all caps

* point size

* headings

* letterspacing

* kerning

* color

* alternate figures

* ordinals

* web & email addresses

* emails

* small caps

* hierarchical headings

* OpenType features

* mixing fonts

WHAT’S THE BEST FONT? FONT RECOMMENDATIONS

* font basics

* Equity

* Valkyrie

* Century Supra

* Concourse

* Hermes Maia

* Triplicate

* Advocate

* Arial alternatives * Helvetica alternatives * Times New Roman alternatives * A brief history of Times New Roman * Courier alternatives * Palatino alternatives * Baskerville alternatives * Georgia alternatives * Verdana alternatives * Gill Sans alternatives * Cambria alternatives * Calibri alternatives THE COPYRIGHT STATUS OF FONTS

PAGE LAYOUT

* centered text

* justified text

* first-line indents * space between paragraphs

* line spacing

* line length

* page margins

* watermarks

* body text

* hyphenation

* block quotations

* bulleted and numbered lists

* tables

* rules & borders

* widow and orphan control * space above & below

* page break before

* keep lines together * keep with next paragraph

* columns

* footnotes

* line numbers

* Bates numbering

* paragraph & character styles * maxims of page layout SHOULD I PUSH MY LUCK WITH TYPOGRAPHY? SCREEN-READING CONSIDERATIONS

SAMPLE DOCUMENTS

* caption pages

* motions

* research memos

* letterhead

* business cards

* résumés

* grids of numbers

* presentations

* contracts

* court opinions

AFTERWORD

APPENDIX

* typewriter habits

* how to interpret court rules * printers and paper

* how to make a PDF

* bibliography

* common accented characters

* Concourse Index

* contact

ALSO BY MATTHEW BUTTERICK * MB Type (fonts used in this book) * Practical Typography (like this book, but for nonlawyers) * Pollen (software used to make this book) * Beautiful Racket (book about programming) * MB XS (mailing list) Reader-sup­ported & ad-free since 2008 undock move Equity Valkyrie Century Supra Concourse Hermes Maia Triplicate buy font close

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Summary of key rules →