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HOW TO MAKE A PDF
How to make a PDF. There’s a right way and a wrong way to make a PDF. Based on an unscientific survey of the PDFs I’ve gotten from lawyers, just about all of you are doing it the wrong way. The wrong way: print the document on paper and scan it to PDF. The right way: “print” the document directly to PDF. Note Though almost all the material in this web ADVOCATE | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS Advocate is an assertive all-caps display face, especially good for business cards, letterhead, logos, and titles. I use it throughout this book for headlines. A total of 18 styles: three widths (= medium, semibold, bold) and three weights (= condensed, narrow, regular), in both sans and slab-serifversions.
CENTURY SCHOOLBOOK ALTERNATIVES Century Schoolbook alternatives Why use a children’s font? century schoolbook. century supra. miller. harriet. ingeborg. The “Scotch Roman” style of text face has been consistently popular since the mid-1800s, and traces its roots to the Edinburgh foundry of William Miller. The original font namedCentury, de
AMPERSANDS | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS ampersands Use sparingly. The ampersand is typographic shorthand for the word and.The ampersand is halfway between a ligature and a contraction, a stylized depiction of the Latin word et.. The ampersand is one of the jauntiest characters. Font designers often use it as an opportunity to show off. ABOUT MATTHEW BUTTERICK About Matthew Butterick. I got my degree in design and typography at Harvard University. I began my career as a font designer in Boston. At the beginning of the internet era, I started Atomic Vision, a website-design company in San Francisco. Later, I attended UCLA law school and became amember of
TIMES NEW ROMAN ALTERNATIVES Times New Roman alternatives You can do better. times new roman. equity. tiempos. verdigris. It’s not that Times New Roman is a bad font. It’s just that you can and should do better (for why, see the next page). Equity is a text family I designed for lawyers. It fits as much text on the page as Times New Roman, butadds
WIDOW AND ORPHAN CONTROL widow and orphan control Your call. Picture a paragraph that starts at the bottom of one page and continues at the top of the next. When only the last line of the paragraph appears at the top of the second page, that line is called a widow.When only the first line of the paragraph appears at the bottom of the first page, that line is called an orphan. TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERSHARD LINE BREAKSSTRAIGHT AND CURLY QUOTESHOW TO USE THIS BOOKTABLESOPENTYPE FEATURES Type composition. straight and curly quotes. one space between sentences. paragraph and section marks. hyphens and dashes. ampersands. signature lines. trademark & copyright symbols. ellipses. FREE FONTS | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS Hundreds of free fonts have arrived in recent years. Not just “free” as in “already installed on your computer” (aka system fonts).But rather, released under an open license, most often the OFL, which permits you to do almost anything you want with them. Most EQUITY | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS Equity has a short, plain-English font license that includes permission to use it in PDFs, websites, apps, and electronic books. Each license covers multiple people, but only within a single organization or family. A license cannot be split among friends or random strangers. Details here.HOW TO MAKE A PDF
How to make a PDF. There’s a right way and a wrong way to make a PDF. Based on an unscientific survey of the PDFs I’ve gotten from lawyers, just about all of you are doing it the wrong way. The wrong way: print the document on paper and scan it to PDF. The right way: “print” the document directly to PDF. Note Though almost all the material in this web ADVOCATE | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS Advocate is an assertive all-caps display face, especially good for business cards, letterhead, logos, and titles. I use it throughout this book for headlines. A total of 18 styles: three widths (= medium, semibold, bold) and three weights (= condensed, narrow, regular), in both sans and slab-serifversions.
CENTURY SCHOOLBOOK ALTERNATIVES Century Schoolbook alternatives Why use a children’s font? century schoolbook. century supra. miller. harriet. ingeborg. The “Scotch Roman” style of text face has been consistently popular since the mid-1800s, and traces its roots to the Edinburgh foundry of William Miller. The original font namedCentury, de
AMPERSANDS | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS ampersands Use sparingly. The ampersand is typographic shorthand for the word and.The ampersand is halfway between a ligature and a contraction, a stylized depiction of the Latin word et.. The ampersand is one of the jauntiest characters. Font designers often use it as an opportunity to show off. ABOUT MATTHEW BUTTERICK About Matthew Butterick. I got my degree in design and typography at Harvard University. I began my career as a font designer in Boston. At the beginning of the internet era, I started Atomic Vision, a website-design company in San Francisco. Later, I attended UCLA law school and became amember of
TIMES NEW ROMAN ALTERNATIVES Times New Roman alternatives You can do better. times new roman. equity. tiempos. verdigris. It’s not that Times New Roman is a bad font. It’s just that you can and should do better (for why, see the next page). Equity is a text family I designed for lawyers. It fits as much text on the page as Times New Roman, butadds
WIDOW AND ORPHAN CONTROL widow and orphan control Your call. Picture a paragraph that starts at the bottom of one page and continues at the top of the next. When only the last line of the paragraph appears at the top of the second page, that line is called a widow.When only the first line of the paragraph appears at the bottom of the first page, that line is called an orphan. HELIOTROPE | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS Heliotrope includes 96 font files: = 4 weights (book, medium, bold, black) × 3 series (roman, italic, and caps) × 2 variants (regular and Tab, with tabular figures as the defaults) + 8 OT variants (for professional page layout & web design) × 3 file formats (OTF for Mac OS, TTF for Windows, WOFF2 for websites) Read the font license (it’s short) or theFONT BASICS
The best professional fonts are better than any system font —and in ways that everyone, even those who think they don’t have an eye for typography, can appreciate. Though you can’t have the world’s best typographers lay out your documents, you can incorporate their work into your documents with afont.
RÉSUMÉS | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS Print a two-page résumé with two sheets of paper, even if you have a duplex printer. You don’t want a potential employer to overlook the second page because it’s printed on the back of the first.. Page margins too small; line length too long. All text set in Calibri (a system font).. Headings and gray boxes are too large relative to body text. COURIER ALTERNATIVES Courier alternatives | Typography for Lawyers. Courier alternatives When you must use a monospaced font. courier new. triplicate. pitch. I’m in an awkward position. As your typography advisor, I’ve counseled you not to use monospaced fonts. But the truth is—I really like them. The golden age of ADVOCATE | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS Advocate is an assertive all-caps display face, especially good for business cards, letterhead, logos, and titles. I use it throughout this book for headlines. A total of 18 styles: three widths (= medium, semibold, bold) and three weights (= condensed, narrow, regular), in both sans and slab-serifversions.
LETTERHEAD | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS letterhead Divide into foreground and background. Not everything on a page is equally important. As I mentioned in maxims of page layout, I think of documents as having a foreground, containing the most important elements, and a background, containing everything else.Typography communicates this distinction to the reader visually. TIMES NEW ROMAN ALTERNATIVES Times New Roman alternatives You can do better. times new roman. equity. tiempos. verdigris. It’s not that Times New Roman is a bad font. It’s just that you can and should do better (for why, see the next page). Equity is a text family I designed for lawyers. It fits as much text on the page as Times New Roman, butadds
LINE NUMBERS
line numbers Exact line spacing is the key. If you practice in a jurisdiction that requires court filings with line numbers, you’ve faced the vexing problem of keeping the line numbers vertically aligned with the text.Looking at court opinions, even judges are often defeated by this formatting task.. But the secret is simple: use exact line spac CAMBRIA ALTERNATIVES Cambria alternatives Monotony can be fatal. cambria. guardian egyptian. elena. skolar. charter. source serif. It’s counterintuitive, but a well-designed font can have a lot of subtle variation between letters and still look consistent on the page. The converse of this principle is that a font with too muchAPOSTROPHES
apostrophes Make sure they’re curly and point downward. The apostrophe has two functions we all remember from sixth-grade English class.. An apostrophe indicates the possessive case (Jessica’s bagel).. In contractions, an apostrophe takes the place of letters or numbers that have been removed (is not becomes isn’t, Patent No. 5,269,211becomes
TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERSHARD LINE BREAKSSTRAIGHT AND CURLY QUOTESHOW TO USE THIS BOOKTABLESOPENTYPE FEATURES Type composition. straight and curly quotes. one space between sentences. paragraph and section marks. hyphens and dashes. ampersands. signature lines. trademark & copyright symbols. ellipses. EQUITY | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS Equity has a short, plain-English font license that includes permission to use it in PDFs, websites, apps, and electronic books. Each license covers multiple people, but only within a single organization or family. A license cannot be split among friends or random strangers. Details here. FONT RECOMMENDATIONS Font recommendations. Sample of Equity printed on a letterpress.. Fonts are only one ingredient of typography. And messing around with the font menu on your computer isn’t a substitute for knowing the fundamentals of type composition and text formatting.That’s why this chapter appears in the middle of the book, not the beginning. RÉSUMÉS | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS Print a two-page résumé with two sheets of paper, even if you have a duplex printer. You don’t want a potential employer to overlook the second page because it’s printed on the back of the first.. Page margins too small; line length too long. All text set in Calibri (a system font).. Headings and gray boxes are too large relative to body text. HIERARCHICAL HEADINGS hierarchical headings Consider tiered numbers. Traditionally, hierarchical headings in legal documents start with roman numerals at the top level (I, II, III); then switch to capital letters (A, B, C); then numerals (1, 2, 3); then lowercase letters (a, b, c); then romanettes (i, ii, iii); LETTERHEAD | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS letterhead Divide into foreground and background. Not everything on a page is equally important. As I mentioned in maxims of page layout, I think of documents as having a foreground, containing the most important elements, and a background, containing everything else.Typography communicates this distinction to the reader visually.HYPHENS AND DASHES
The hyphen (-) is the smallest of these marks.It has three uses. A hyphen appears at the end of a line when a word breaks onto the next line. These hyphens are added and removed automatically by your word processor’s hyphenation feature.. Some multipart words are spelled with a hyphen (topsy-turvy, cost-effective, bric-a-brac).HOW TO MAKE A PDF
How to make a PDF. There’s a right way and a wrong way to make a PDF. Based on an unscientific survey of the PDFs I’ve gotten from lawyers, just about all of you are doing it the wrong way. The wrong way: print the document on paper and scan it to PDF. The right way: “print” the document directly to PDF. Note Though almost all the material in this web A BRIEF HISTORY OF TIMES NEW ROMAN A brief history of Times New Roman. Times New Roman gets its name from the Times of London, the British newspaper. In 1929, the Times hired typographer Stanley Morison to create a new text font. Morison led the project, supervising Victor Lardent, an advertising artist for the Times, who drew the letterforms.. Even when new, Times New Roman had its crit WIDOW AND ORPHAN CONTROL widow and orphan control Your call. Picture a paragraph that starts at the bottom of one page and continues at the top of the next. When only the last line of the paragraph appears at the top of the second page, that line is called a widow.When only the first line of the paragraph appears at the bottom of the first page, that line is called an orphan. TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERSHARD LINE BREAKSSTRAIGHT AND CURLY QUOTESHOW TO USE THIS BOOKTABLESOPENTYPE FEATURES Type composition. straight and curly quotes. one space between sentences. paragraph and section marks. hyphens and dashes. ampersands. signature lines. trademark & copyright symbols. ellipses. EQUITY | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS Equity has a short, plain-English font license that includes permission to use it in PDFs, websites, apps, and electronic books. Each license covers multiple people, but only within a single organization or family. A license cannot be split among friends or random strangers. Details here. FONT RECOMMENDATIONS Font recommendations. Sample of Equity printed on a letterpress.. Fonts are only one ingredient of typography. And messing around with the font menu on your computer isn’t a substitute for knowing the fundamentals of type composition and text formatting.That’s why this chapter appears in the middle of the book, not the beginning. RÉSUMÉS | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS Print a two-page résumé with two sheets of paper, even if you have a duplex printer. You don’t want a potential employer to overlook the second page because it’s printed on the back of the first.. Page margins too small; line length too long. All text set in Calibri (a system font).. Headings and gray boxes are too large relative to body text. HIERARCHICAL HEADINGS hierarchical headings Consider tiered numbers. Traditionally, hierarchical headings in legal documents start with roman numerals at the top level (I, II, III); then switch to capital letters (A, B, C); then numerals (1, 2, 3); then lowercase letters (a, b, c); then romanettes (i, ii, iii); LETTERHEAD | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS letterhead Divide into foreground and background. Not everything on a page is equally important. As I mentioned in maxims of page layout, I think of documents as having a foreground, containing the most important elements, and a background, containing everything else.Typography communicates this distinction to the reader visually.HYPHENS AND DASHES
The hyphen (-) is the smallest of these marks.It has three uses. A hyphen appears at the end of a line when a word breaks onto the next line. These hyphens are added and removed automatically by your word processor’s hyphenation feature.. Some multipart words are spelled with a hyphen (topsy-turvy, cost-effective, bric-a-brac).HOW TO MAKE A PDF
How to make a PDF. There’s a right way and a wrong way to make a PDF. Based on an unscientific survey of the PDFs I’ve gotten from lawyers, just about all of you are doing it the wrong way. The wrong way: print the document on paper and scan it to PDF. The right way: “print” the document directly to PDF. Note Though almost all the material in this web A BRIEF HISTORY OF TIMES NEW ROMAN A brief history of Times New Roman. Times New Roman gets its name from the Times of London, the British newspaper. In 1929, the Times hired typographer Stanley Morison to create a new text font. Morison led the project, supervising Victor Lardent, an advertising artist for the Times, who drew the letterforms.. Even when new, Times New Roman had its crit WIDOW AND ORPHAN CONTROL widow and orphan control Your call. Picture a paragraph that starts at the bottom of one page and continues at the top of the next. When only the last line of the paragraph appears at the top of the second page, that line is called a widow.When only the first line of the paragraph appears at the bottom of the first page, that line is called an orphan. FREE FONTS | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS Hundreds of free fonts have arrived in recent years. Not just “free” as in “already installed on your computer” (aka system fonts).But rather, released under an open license, most often the OFL, which permits you to do almost anything you want with them. MostSAMPLE DOCUMENTS
Sample documents. right A precursor to the modern nastygram. Published in Boston, 1853. Now it’s time to put everything together. Like good writing, good typography isn’t determined by elements in isolation but by the relationship of those elements and the effect of the whole.. So far we’ve looked at typographic rules individually. RÉSUMÉS | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS Print a two-page résumé with two sheets of paper, even if you have a duplex printer. You don’t want a potential employer to overlook the second page because it’s printed on the back of the first.. Page margins too small; line length too long. All text set in Calibri (a system font).. Headings and gray boxes are too large relative to body text. LETTERHEAD | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS letterhead Divide into foreground and background. Not everything on a page is equally important. As I mentioned in maxims of page layout, I think of documents as having a foreground, containing the most important elements, and a background, containing everything else.Typography communicates this distinction to the reader visually.APOSTROPHES
apostrophes Make sure they’re curly and point downward. The apostrophe has two functions we all remember from sixth-grade English class.. An apostrophe indicates the possessive case (Jessica’s bagel).. In contractions, an apostrophe takes the place of letters or numbers that have been removed (is not becomes isn’t, Patent No. 5,269,211becomes
ELLIPSES | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS “ is a monstrous growth. I have not read the nineteenth edition. I have dipped into it, much as one might dip one’s toes in a pail of freezing water.” —Judge Richard A. Posner, The Bluebook Blues, 120 Yale L.J. 850, 851–52 (2011). I’ve often wondered whether the zigzagging illogic of the Bluebook is calculated to protect its fran STRAIGHT AND CURLY QUOTES straight and curly quotes Always use curly quotes. Straight quotes are the two generic vertical quotation marks located near the return key: the straight single quote (') and the straight double quote (").. Curly quotes are the quotation marks used in good typography. There are four curly quote characters: the opening single quote (‘), the closing singleLINE SPACING
line spacing 120–145% of the point size. Line spacing is the vertical distance between lines of text. Most writers use either double-spaced lines or single-spaced lines—nothing in between—because those are the options presented by word processors.. These habits are obsolete typewriter habits.Originally, a typewriter’s platen could only move the CENTURY SCHOOLBOOK ALTERNATIVES Century Schoolbook alternatives Why use a children’s font? century schoolbook. century supra. miller. harriet. ingeborg. The “Scotch Roman” style of text face has been consistently popular since the mid-1800s, and traces its roots to the Edinburgh foundry of William Miller. The original font namedCentury, de
TIMES NEW ROMAN ALTERNATIVES Times New Roman alternatives You can do better. times new roman. equity. tiempos. verdigris. It’s not that Times New Roman is a bad font. It’s just that you can and should do better (for why, see the next page). Equity is a text family I designed for lawyers. It fits as much text on the page as Times New Roman, butadds
TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERSHARD LINE BREAKSSTRAIGHT AND CURLY QUOTESHOW TO USE THIS BOOKTABLESOPENTYPE FEATURES Type composition. straight and curly quotes. one space between sentences. paragraph and section marks. hyphens and dashes. ampersands. signature lines. trademark & copyright symbols. ellipses. EQUITY | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS Equity has a short, plain-English font license that includes permission to use it in PDFs, websites, apps, and electronic books. Each license covers multiple people, but only within a single organization or family. A license cannot be split among friends or random strangers. Details here. FONT RECOMMENDATIONS Font recommendations. Sample of Equity printed on a letterpress.. Fonts are only one ingredient of typography. And messing around with the font menu on your computer isn’t a substitute for knowing the fundamentals of type composition and text formatting.That’s why this chapter appears in the middle of the book, not the beginning. RÉSUMÉS | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS Print a two-page résumé with two sheets of paper, even if you have a duplex printer. You don’t want a potential employer to overlook the second page because it’s printed on the back of the first.. Page margins too small; line length too long. All text set in Calibri (a system font).. Headings and gray boxes are too large relative to body text. HIERARCHICAL HEADINGS hierarchical headings Consider tiered numbers. Traditionally, hierarchical headings in legal documents start with roman numerals at the top level (I, II, III); then switch to capital letters (A, B, C); then numerals (1, 2, 3); then lowercase letters (a, b, c); then romanettes (i, ii, iii); LETTERHEAD | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS letterhead Divide into foreground and background. Not everything on a page is equally important. As I mentioned in maxims of page layout, I think of documents as having a foreground, containing the most important elements, and a background, containing everything else.Typography communicates this distinction to the reader visually.HYPHENS AND DASHES
The hyphen (-) is the smallest of these marks.It has three uses. A hyphen appears at the end of a line when a word breaks onto the next line. These hyphens are added and removed automatically by your word processor’s hyphenation feature.. Some multipart words are spelled with a hyphen (topsy-turvy, cost-effective, bric-a-brac).HOW TO MAKE A PDF
How to make a PDF. There’s a right way and a wrong way to make a PDF. Based on an unscientific survey of the PDFs I’ve gotten from lawyers, just about all of you are doing it the wrong way. The wrong way: print the document on paper and scan it to PDF. The right way: “print” the document directly to PDF. Note Though almost all the material in this web A BRIEF HISTORY OF TIMES NEW ROMAN A brief history of Times New Roman. Times New Roman gets its name from the Times of London, the British newspaper. In 1929, the Times hired typographer Stanley Morison to create a new text font. Morison led the project, supervising Victor Lardent, an advertising artist for the Times, who drew the letterforms.. Even when new, Times New Roman had its crit WIDOW AND ORPHAN CONTROL widow and orphan control Your call. Picture a paragraph that starts at the bottom of one page and continues at the top of the next. When only the last line of the paragraph appears at the top of the second page, that line is called a widow.When only the first line of the paragraph appears at the bottom of the first page, that line is called an orphan. TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERSHARD LINE BREAKSSTRAIGHT AND CURLY QUOTESHOW TO USE THIS BOOKTABLESOPENTYPE FEATURES Type composition. straight and curly quotes. one space between sentences. paragraph and section marks. hyphens and dashes. ampersands. signature lines. trademark & copyright symbols. ellipses. EQUITY | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS Equity has a short, plain-English font license that includes permission to use it in PDFs, websites, apps, and electronic books. Each license covers multiple people, but only within a single organization or family. A license cannot be split among friends or random strangers. Details here. FONT RECOMMENDATIONS Font recommendations. Sample of Equity printed on a letterpress.. Fonts are only one ingredient of typography. And messing around with the font menu on your computer isn’t a substitute for knowing the fundamentals of type composition and text formatting.That’s why this chapter appears in the middle of the book, not the beginning. RÉSUMÉS | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS Print a two-page résumé with two sheets of paper, even if you have a duplex printer. You don’t want a potential employer to overlook the second page because it’s printed on the back of the first.. Page margins too small; line length too long. All text set in Calibri (a system font).. Headings and gray boxes are too large relative to body text. HIERARCHICAL HEADINGS hierarchical headings Consider tiered numbers. Traditionally, hierarchical headings in legal documents start with roman numerals at the top level (I, II, III); then switch to capital letters (A, B, C); then numerals (1, 2, 3); then lowercase letters (a, b, c); then romanettes (i, ii, iii); LETTERHEAD | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS letterhead Divide into foreground and background. Not everything on a page is equally important. As I mentioned in maxims of page layout, I think of documents as having a foreground, containing the most important elements, and a background, containing everything else.Typography communicates this distinction to the reader visually.HYPHENS AND DASHES
The hyphen (-) is the smallest of these marks.It has three uses. A hyphen appears at the end of a line when a word breaks onto the next line. These hyphens are added and removed automatically by your word processor’s hyphenation feature.. Some multipart words are spelled with a hyphen (topsy-turvy, cost-effective, bric-a-brac).HOW TO MAKE A PDF
How to make a PDF. There’s a right way and a wrong way to make a PDF. Based on an unscientific survey of the PDFs I’ve gotten from lawyers, just about all of you are doing it the wrong way. The wrong way: print the document on paper and scan it to PDF. The right way: “print” the document directly to PDF. Note Though almost all the material in this web A BRIEF HISTORY OF TIMES NEW ROMAN A brief history of Times New Roman. Times New Roman gets its name from the Times of London, the British newspaper. In 1929, the Times hired typographer Stanley Morison to create a new text font. Morison led the project, supervising Victor Lardent, an advertising artist for the Times, who drew the letterforms.. Even when new, Times New Roman had its crit WIDOW AND ORPHAN CONTROL widow and orphan control Your call. Picture a paragraph that starts at the bottom of one page and continues at the top of the next. When only the last line of the paragraph appears at the top of the second page, that line is called a widow.When only the first line of the paragraph appears at the bottom of the first page, that line is called an orphan. FREE FONTS | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS Hundreds of free fonts have arrived in recent years. Not just “free” as in “already installed on your computer” (aka system fonts).But rather, released under an open license, most often the OFL, which permits you to do almost anything you want with them. MostSAMPLE DOCUMENTS
Sample documents. right A precursor to the modern nastygram. Published in Boston, 1853. Now it’s time to put everything together. Like good writing, good typography isn’t determined by elements in isolation but by the relationship of those elements and the effect of the whole.. So far we’ve looked at typographic rules individually. RÉSUMÉS | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS Print a two-page résumé with two sheets of paper, even if you have a duplex printer. You don’t want a potential employer to overlook the second page because it’s printed on the back of the first.. Page margins too small; line length too long. All text set in Calibri (a system font).. Headings and gray boxes are too large relative to body text. LETTERHEAD | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS letterhead Divide into foreground and background. Not everything on a page is equally important. As I mentioned in maxims of page layout, I think of documents as having a foreground, containing the most important elements, and a background, containing everything else.Typography communicates this distinction to the reader visually.APOSTROPHES
apostrophes Make sure they’re curly and point downward. The apostrophe has two functions we all remember from sixth-grade English class.. An apostrophe indicates the possessive case (Jessica’s bagel).. In contractions, an apostrophe takes the place of letters or numbers that have been removed (is not becomes isn’t, Patent No. 5,269,211becomes
ELLIPSES | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS “ is a monstrous growth. I have not read the nineteenth edition. I have dipped into it, much as one might dip one’s toes in a pail of freezing water.” —Judge Richard A. Posner, The Bluebook Blues, 120 Yale L.J. 850, 851–52 (2011). I’ve often wondered whether the zigzagging illogic of the Bluebook is calculated to protect its fran STRAIGHT AND CURLY QUOTES straight and curly quotes Always use curly quotes. Straight quotes are the two generic vertical quotation marks located near the return key: the straight single quote (') and the straight double quote (").. Curly quotes are the quotation marks used in good typography. There are four curly quote characters: the opening single quote (‘), the closing singleLINE SPACING
line spacing 120–145% of the point size. Line spacing is the vertical distance between lines of text. Most writers use either double-spaced lines or single-spaced lines—nothing in between—because those are the options presented by word processors.. These habits are obsolete typewriter habits.Originally, a typewriter’s platen could only move the CENTURY SCHOOLBOOK ALTERNATIVES Century Schoolbook alternatives Why use a children’s font? century schoolbook. century supra. miller. harriet. ingeborg. The “Scotch Roman” style of text face has been consistently popular since the mid-1800s, and traces its roots to the Edinburgh foundry of William Miller. The original font namedCentury, de
TIMES NEW ROMAN ALTERNATIVES Times New Roman alternatives You can do better. times new roman. equity. tiempos. verdigris. It’s not that Times New Roman is a bad font. It’s just that you can and should do better (for why, see the next page). Equity is a text family I designed for lawyers. It fits as much text on the page as Times New Roman, butadds
TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERSHARD LINE BREAKSSTRAIGHT AND CURLY QUOTESHOW TO USE THIS BOOKTABLESOPENTYPE FEATURES Type composition. straight and curly quotes. one space between sentences. paragraph and section marks. hyphens and dashes. ampersands. signature lines. trademark & copyright symbols. ellipses. FREE FONTS | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS Hundreds of free fonts have arrived in recent years. Not just “free” as in “already installed on your computer” (aka system fonts).But rather, released under an open license, most often the OFL, which permits you to do almost anything you want with them. Most EQUITY | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS Equity has a short, plain-English font license that includes permission to use it in PDFs, websites, apps, and electronic books. Each license covers multiple people, but only within a single organization or family. A license cannot be split among friends or random strangers. Details here.HOW TO MAKE A PDF
How to make a PDF. There’s a right way and a wrong way to make a PDF. Based on an unscientific survey of the PDFs I’ve gotten from lawyers, just about all of you are doing it the wrong way. The wrong way: print the document on paper and scan it to PDF. The right way: “print” the document directly to PDF. Note Though almost all the material in this web TIMES NEW ROMAN ALTERNATIVES Times New Roman alternatives You can do better. times new roman. equity. tiempos. verdigris. It’s not that Times New Roman is a bad font. It’s just that you can and should do better (for why, see the next page). Equity is a text family I designed for lawyers. It fits as much text on the page as Times New Roman, butadds
HIERARCHICAL HEADINGS hierarchical headings Consider tiered numbers. Traditionally, hierarchical headings in legal documents start with roman numerals at the top level (I, II, III); then switch to capital letters (A, B, C); then numerals (1, 2, 3); then lowercase letters (a, b, c); then romanettes (i, ii, iii);HYPHENS AND DASHES
The hyphen (-) is the smallest of these marks.It has three uses. A hyphen appears at the end of a line when a word breaks onto the next line. These hyphens are added and removed automatically by your word processor’s hyphenation feature.. Some multipart words are spelled with a hyphen (topsy-turvy, cost-effective, bric-a-brac). ABOUT MATTHEW BUTTERICK About Matthew Butterick. I got my degree in design and typography at Harvard University. I began my career as a font designer in Boston. At the beginning of the internet era, I started Atomic Vision, a website-design company in San Francisco. Later, I attended UCLA law school and became amember of
CENTURY SCHOOLBOOK ALTERNATIVES Century Schoolbook alternatives Why use a children’s font? century schoolbook. century supra. miller. harriet. ingeborg. The “Scotch Roman” style of text face has been consistently popular since the mid-1800s, and traces its roots to the Edinburgh foundry of William Miller. The original font namedCentury, de
WIDOW AND ORPHAN CONTROL widow and orphan control Your call. Picture a paragraph that starts at the bottom of one page and continues at the top of the next. When only the last line of the paragraph appears at the top of the second page, that line is called a widow.When only the first line of the paragraph appears at the bottom of the first page, that line is called an orphan. TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERSHARD LINE BREAKSSTRAIGHT AND CURLY QUOTESHOW TO USE THIS BOOKTABLESOPENTYPE FEATURES Type composition. straight and curly quotes. one space between sentences. paragraph and section marks. hyphens and dashes. ampersands. signature lines. trademark & copyright symbols. ellipses. FREE FONTS | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS Hundreds of free fonts have arrived in recent years. Not just “free” as in “already installed on your computer” (aka system fonts).But rather, released under an open license, most often the OFL, which permits you to do almost anything you want with them. Most EQUITY | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS Equity has a short, plain-English font license that includes permission to use it in PDFs, websites, apps, and electronic books. Each license covers multiple people, but only within a single organization or family. A license cannot be split among friends or random strangers. Details here.HOW TO MAKE A PDF
How to make a PDF. There’s a right way and a wrong way to make a PDF. Based on an unscientific survey of the PDFs I’ve gotten from lawyers, just about all of you are doing it the wrong way. The wrong way: print the document on paper and scan it to PDF. The right way: “print” the document directly to PDF. Note Though almost all the material in this web HIERARCHICAL HEADINGS hierarchical headings Consider tiered numbers. Traditionally, hierarchical headings in legal documents start with roman numerals at the top level (I, II, III); then switch to capital letters (A, B, C); then numerals (1, 2, 3); then lowercase letters (a, b, c); then romanettes (i, ii, iii); TIMES NEW ROMAN ALTERNATIVES Times New Roman alternatives You can do better. times new roman. equity. tiempos. verdigris. It’s not that Times New Roman is a bad font. It’s just that you can and should do better (for why, see the next page). Equity is a text family I designed for lawyers. It fits as much text on the page as Times New Roman, butadds
HYPHENS AND DASHES
The hyphen (-) is the smallest of these marks.It has three uses. A hyphen appears at the end of a line when a word breaks onto the next line. These hyphens are added and removed automatically by your word processor’s hyphenation feature.. Some multipart words are spelled with a hyphen (topsy-turvy, cost-effective, bric-a-brac). ABOUT MATTHEW BUTTERICK About Matthew Butterick. I got my degree in design and typography at Harvard University. I began my career as a font designer in Boston. At the beginning of the internet era, I started Atomic Vision, a website-design company in San Francisco. Later, I attended UCLA law school and became amember of
CENTURY SCHOOLBOOK ALTERNATIVES Century Schoolbook alternatives Why use a children’s font? century schoolbook. century supra. miller. harriet. ingeborg. The “Scotch Roman” style of text face has been consistently popular since the mid-1800s, and traces its roots to the Edinburgh foundry of William Miller. The original font namedCentury, de
WIDOW AND ORPHAN CONTROL widow and orphan control Your call. Picture a paragraph that starts at the bottom of one page and continues at the top of the next. When only the last line of the paragraph appears at the top of the second page, that line is called a widow.When only the first line of the paragraph appears at the bottom of the first page, that line is called an orphan. ADVOCATE | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS Advocate is an assertive all-caps display face, especially good for business cards, letterhead, logos, and titles. I use it throughout this book for headlines. A total of 18 styles: three widths (= medium, semibold, bold) and three weights (= condensed, narrow, regular), in both sans and slab-serifversions.
COLUMNS | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS columns Your call. They’re unusual in legal documents, but I don’t object to columns in a long document like a contract or a settlement agreement. Columns are an easy way to get a shorter and more legible line length without using large page margins.On a standard 8.5″ × 11″ page, two or three columnsare fine.
FONT RECOMMENDATIONS Font recommendations. Sample of Equity printed on a letterpress.. Fonts are only one ingredient of typography. And messing around with the font menu on your computer isn’t a substitute for knowing the fundamentals of type composition and text formatting.That’s why this chapter appears in the middle of the book, not the beginning.APOSTROPHES
apostrophes Make sure they’re curly and point downward. The apostrophe has two functions we all remember from sixth-grade English class.. An apostrophe indicates the possessive case (Jessica’s bagel).. In contractions, an apostrophe takes the place of letters or numbers that have been removed (is not becomes isn’t, Patent No. 5,269,211becomes
SYSTEM FONTS
system fonts Avoid if you can, choose wisely if you can’t. As professional writers, lawyers ought to rely on professional fonts. They’re the quickest and easiest way to upgrade your typography.JUSTIFIED TEXT
justified text Your choice, but hyphenation is required. Justified text is spaced so the left and right sides of the text block both have a straight edge. The usual alternative to justified text is left-aligned text, which has an uneven right edge.Compared toleft-aligned text,
CENTURY SCHOOLBOOK ALTERNATIVES Century Schoolbook alternatives Why use a children’s font? century schoolbook. century supra. miller. harriet. ingeborg. The “Scotch Roman” style of text face has been consistently popular since the mid-1800s, and traces its roots to the Edinburgh foundry of William Miller. The original font namedCentury, de
PARAGRAPH AND SECTION MARKS paragraph and section marks Insert a nonbreaking space. The paragraph mark (¶) is used when citing documents with sequentially numbered paragraphs (e.g., declarations or complaints).The section mark (§) is used when citing documents with numbered or lettered sections (e.g.,statutes).
ELLIPSES | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS “ is a monstrous growth. I have not read the nineteenth edition. I have dipped into it, much as one might dip one’s toes in a pail of freezing water.” —Judge Richard A. Posner, The Bluebook Blues, 120 Yale L.J. 850, 851–52 (2011). I’ve often wondered whether the zigzagging illogic of the Bluebook is calculated to protect its fran A BRIEF HISTORY OF TIMES NEW ROMAN A brief history of Times New Roman. Times New Roman gets its name from the Times of London, the British newspaper. In 1929, the Times hired typographer Stanley Morison to create a new text font. Morison led the project, supervising Victor Lardent, an advertising artist for the Times, who drew the letterforms.. Even when new, Times New Roman had its crit TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERSHARD LINE BREAKSSTRAIGHT AND CURLY QUOTESHOW TO USE THIS BOOKTABLESOPENTYPE FEATURESTYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS PDF Type composition. straight and curly quotes. one space between sentences. paragraph and section marks. hyphens and dashes. ampersands. signature lines. trademark & copyright symbols. ellipses. FREE FONTS | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERSFONTS FOR LAWYERSFREE TYPOGRAPHY FONTFREE TYPOGRAPHY FONTTYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS PDFDIFFERENT TYPOGRAPHY FONTSDIFFERENT TYPOGRAPHY FONTS Hundreds of free fonts have arrived in recent years. Not just “free” as in “already installed on your computer” (aka system fonts).But rather, released under an open license, most often the OFL, which permits you to do almost anything you want with them. Most EQUITY | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERSBEST FONT FOR LAWYERSFONTS FOR LAWYERS Equity has a short, plain-English font license that includes permission to use it in PDFs, websites, apps, and electronic books. Each license covers multiple people, but only within a single organization or family. A license cannot be split among friends or random strangers. Details here.HOW TO MAKE A PDF
How to make a PDF. There’s a right way and a wrong way to make a PDF. Based on an unscientific survey of the PDFs I’ve gotten from lawyers, just about all of you are doing it the wrong way. The wrong way: print the document on paper and scan it to PDF. The right way: “print” the document directly to PDF. Note Though almost all the material in this web TIMES NEW ROMAN ALTERNATIVES Times New Roman alternatives You can do better. times new roman. equity. tiempos. verdigris. It’s not that Times New Roman is a bad font. It’s just that you can and should do better (for why, see the next page). Equity is a text family I designed for lawyers. It fits as much text on the page as Times New Roman, butadds
HIERARCHICAL HEADINGS hierarchical headings Consider tiered numbers. Traditionally, hierarchical headings in legal documents start with roman numerals at the top level (I, II, III); then switch to capital letters (A, B, C); then numerals (1, 2, 3); then lowercase letters (a, b, c); then romanettes (i, ii, iii);HYPHENS AND DASHES
The hyphen (-) is the smallest of these marks.It has three uses. A hyphen appears at the end of a line when a word breaks onto the next line. These hyphens are added and removed automatically by your word processor’s hyphenation feature.. Some multipart words are spelled with a hyphen (topsy-turvy, cost-effective, bric-a-brac). ABOUT MATTHEW BUTTERICK About Matthew Butterick. I got my degree in design and typography at Harvard University. I began my career as a font designer in Boston. At the beginning of the internet era, I started Atomic Vision, a website-design company in San Francisco. Later, I attended UCLA law school and became amember of
CENTURY SCHOOLBOOK ALTERNATIVES Century Schoolbook alternatives Why use a children’s font? century schoolbook. century supra. miller. harriet. ingeborg. The “Scotch Roman” style of text face has been consistently popular since the mid-1800s, and traces its roots to the Edinburgh foundry of William Miller. The original font namedCentury, de
WIDOW AND ORPHAN CONTROL widow and orphan control Your call. Picture a paragraph that starts at the bottom of one page and continues at the top of the next. When only the last line of the paragraph appears at the top of the second page, that line is called a widow.When only the first line of the paragraph appears at the bottom of the first page, that line is called an orphan. TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERSHARD LINE BREAKSSTRAIGHT AND CURLY QUOTESHOW TO USE THIS BOOKTABLESOPENTYPE FEATURESTYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS PDF Type composition. straight and curly quotes. one space between sentences. paragraph and section marks. hyphens and dashes. ampersands. signature lines. trademark & copyright symbols. ellipses. FREE FONTS | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERSFONTS FOR LAWYERSFREE TYPOGRAPHY FONTFREE TYPOGRAPHY FONTTYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS PDFDIFFERENT TYPOGRAPHY FONTSDIFFERENT TYPOGRAPHY FONTS Hundreds of free fonts have arrived in recent years. Not just “free” as in “already installed on your computer” (aka system fonts).But rather, released under an open license, most often the OFL, which permits you to do almost anything you want with them. Most EQUITY | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERSBEST FONT FOR LAWYERSFONTS FOR LAWYERS Equity has a short, plain-English font license that includes permission to use it in PDFs, websites, apps, and electronic books. Each license covers multiple people, but only within a single organization or family. A license cannot be split among friends or random strangers. Details here.HOW TO MAKE A PDF
How to make a PDF. There’s a right way and a wrong way to make a PDF. Based on an unscientific survey of the PDFs I’ve gotten from lawyers, just about all of you are doing it the wrong way. The wrong way: print the document on paper and scan it to PDF. The right way: “print” the document directly to PDF. Note Though almost all the material in this web TIMES NEW ROMAN ALTERNATIVES Times New Roman alternatives You can do better. times new roman. equity. tiempos. verdigris. It’s not that Times New Roman is a bad font. It’s just that you can and should do better (for why, see the next page). Equity is a text family I designed for lawyers. It fits as much text on the page as Times New Roman, butadds
HIERARCHICAL HEADINGS hierarchical headings Consider tiered numbers. Traditionally, hierarchical headings in legal documents start with roman numerals at the top level (I, II, III); then switch to capital letters (A, B, C); then numerals (1, 2, 3); then lowercase letters (a, b, c); then romanettes (i, ii, iii);HYPHENS AND DASHES
The hyphen (-) is the smallest of these marks.It has three uses. A hyphen appears at the end of a line when a word breaks onto the next line. These hyphens are added and removed automatically by your word processor’s hyphenation feature.. Some multipart words are spelled with a hyphen (topsy-turvy, cost-effective, bric-a-brac). ABOUT MATTHEW BUTTERICK About Matthew Butterick. I got my degree in design and typography at Harvard University. I began my career as a font designer in Boston. At the beginning of the internet era, I started Atomic Vision, a website-design company in San Francisco. Later, I attended UCLA law school and became amember of
CENTURY SCHOOLBOOK ALTERNATIVES Century Schoolbook alternatives Why use a children’s font? century schoolbook. century supra. miller. harriet. ingeborg. The “Scotch Roman” style of text face has been consistently popular since the mid-1800s, and traces its roots to the Edinburgh foundry of William Miller. The original font namedCentury, de
WIDOW AND ORPHAN CONTROL widow and orphan control Your call. Picture a paragraph that starts at the bottom of one page and continues at the top of the next. When only the last line of the paragraph appears at the top of the second page, that line is called a widow.When only the first line of the paragraph appears at the bottom of the first page, that line is called an orphan. ADVOCATE | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS Advocate is an assertive all-caps display face, especially good for business cards, letterhead, logos, and titles. I use it throughout this book for headlines. A total of 18 styles: three widths (= medium, semibold, bold) and three weights (= condensed, narrow, regular), in both sans and slab-serifversions.
COLUMNS | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS columns Your call. They’re unusual in legal documents, but I don’t object to columns in a long document like a contract or a settlement agreement. Columns are an easy way to get a shorter and more legible line length without using large page margins.On a standard 8.5″ × 11″ page, two or three columnsare fine.
FONT RECOMMENDATIONS Font recommendations. Sample of Equity printed on a letterpress.. Fonts are only one ingredient of typography. And messing around with the font menu on your computer isn’t a substitute for knowing the fundamentals of type composition and text formatting.That’s why this chapter appears in the middle of the book, not the beginning.APOSTROPHES
apostrophes Make sure they’re curly and point downward. The apostrophe has two functions we all remember from sixth-grade English class.. An apostrophe indicates the possessive case (Jessica’s bagel).. In contractions, an apostrophe takes the place of letters or numbers that have been removed (is not becomes isn’t, Patent No. 5,269,211becomes
SYSTEM FONTS
system fonts Avoid if you can, choose wisely if you can’t. As professional writers, lawyers ought to rely on professional fonts. They’re the quickest and easiest way to upgrade your typography.JUSTIFIED TEXT
justified text Your choice, but hyphenation is required. Justified text is spaced so the left and right sides of the text block both have a straight edge. The usual alternative to justified text is left-aligned text, which has an uneven right edge.Compared toleft-aligned text,
CENTURY SCHOOLBOOK ALTERNATIVES Century Schoolbook alternatives Why use a children’s font? century schoolbook. century supra. miller. harriet. ingeborg. The “Scotch Roman” style of text face has been consistently popular since the mid-1800s, and traces its roots to the Edinburgh foundry of William Miller. The original font namedCentury, de
PARAGRAPH AND SECTION MARKS paragraph and section marks Insert a nonbreaking space. The paragraph mark (¶) is used when citing documents with sequentially numbered paragraphs (e.g., declarations or complaints).The section mark (§) is used when citing documents with numbered or lettered sections (e.g.,statutes).
ELLIPSES | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS “ is a monstrous growth. I have not read the nineteenth edition. I have dipped into it, much as one might dip one’s toes in a pail of freezing water.” —Judge Richard A. Posner, The Bluebook Blues, 120 Yale L.J. 850, 851–52 (2011). I’ve often wondered whether the zigzagging illogic of the Bluebook is calculated to protect its fran A BRIEF HISTORY OF TIMES NEW ROMAN A brief history of Times New Roman. Times New Roman gets its name from the Times of London, the British newspaper. In 1929, the Times hired typographer Stanley Morison to create a new text font. Morison led the project, supervising Victor Lardent, an advertising artist for the Times, who drew the letterforms.. Even when new, Times New Roman had its crit TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERSHARD LINE BREAKSSTRAIGHT AND CURLY QUOTESHOW TO USE THIS BOOKTABLESOPENTYPE FEATURESTYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS PDF Type composition. straight and curly quotes. one space between sentences. paragraph and section marks. hyphens and dashes. ampersands. signature lines. trademark & copyright symbols. ellipses. FREE FONTS | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERSFONTS FOR LAWYERSFREE TYPOGRAPHY FONTFREE TYPOGRAPHY FONTTYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS PDFDIFFERENT TYPOGRAPHY FONTSDIFFERENT TYPOGRAPHY FONTS Hundreds of free fonts have arrived in recent years. Not just “free” as in “already installed on your computer” (aka system fonts).But rather, released under an open license, most often the OFL, which permits you to do almost anything you want with them. Most EQUITY | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERSBEST FONT FOR LAWYERSFONTS FOR LAWYERS Equity has a short, plain-English font license that includes permission to use it in PDFs, websites, apps, and electronic books. Each license covers multiple people, but only within a single organization or family. A license cannot be split among friends or random strangers. Details here.HOW TO MAKE A PDF
How to make a PDF. There’s a right way and a wrong way to make a PDF. Based on an unscientific survey of the PDFs I’ve gotten from lawyers, just about all of you are doing it the wrong way. The wrong way: print the document on paper and scan it to PDF. The right way: “print” the document directly to PDF. Note Though almost all the material in this web TIMES NEW ROMAN ALTERNATIVES Times New Roman alternatives You can do better. times new roman. equity. tiempos. verdigris. It’s not that Times New Roman is a bad font. It’s just that you can and should do better (for why, see the next page). Equity is a text family I designed for lawyers. It fits as much text on the page as Times New Roman, butadds
HIERARCHICAL HEADINGS hierarchical headings Consider tiered numbers. Traditionally, hierarchical headings in legal documents start with roman numerals at the top level (I, II, III); then switch to capital letters (A, B, C); then numerals (1, 2, 3); then lowercase letters (a, b, c); then romanettes (i, ii, iii);HYPHENS AND DASHES
The hyphen (-) is the smallest of these marks.It has three uses. A hyphen appears at the end of a line when a word breaks onto the next line. These hyphens are added and removed automatically by your word processor’s hyphenation feature.. Some multipart words are spelled with a hyphen (topsy-turvy, cost-effective, bric-a-brac). ABOUT MATTHEW BUTTERICK About Matthew Butterick. I got my degree in design and typography at Harvard University. I began my career as a font designer in Boston. At the beginning of the internet era, I started Atomic Vision, a website-design company in San Francisco. Later, I attended UCLA law school and became amember of
CENTURY SCHOOLBOOK ALTERNATIVES Century Schoolbook alternatives Why use a children’s font? century schoolbook. century supra. miller. harriet. ingeborg. The “Scotch Roman” style of text face has been consistently popular since the mid-1800s, and traces its roots to the Edinburgh foundry of William Miller. The original font namedCentury, de
WIDOW AND ORPHAN CONTROL widow and orphan control Your call. Picture a paragraph that starts at the bottom of one page and continues at the top of the next. When only the last line of the paragraph appears at the top of the second page, that line is called a widow.When only the first line of the paragraph appears at the bottom of the first page, that line is called an orphan. TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERSHARD LINE BREAKSSTRAIGHT AND CURLY QUOTESHOW TO USE THIS BOOKTABLESOPENTYPE FEATURESTYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS PDF Type composition. straight and curly quotes. one space between sentences. paragraph and section marks. hyphens and dashes. ampersands. signature lines. trademark & copyright symbols. ellipses. FREE FONTS | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERSFONTS FOR LAWYERSFREE TYPOGRAPHY FONTFREE TYPOGRAPHY FONTTYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS PDFDIFFERENT TYPOGRAPHY FONTSDIFFERENT TYPOGRAPHY FONTS Hundreds of free fonts have arrived in recent years. Not just “free” as in “already installed on your computer” (aka system fonts).But rather, released under an open license, most often the OFL, which permits you to do almost anything you want with them. Most EQUITY | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERSBEST FONT FOR LAWYERSFONTS FOR LAWYERS Equity has a short, plain-English font license that includes permission to use it in PDFs, websites, apps, and electronic books. Each license covers multiple people, but only within a single organization or family. A license cannot be split among friends or random strangers. Details here.HOW TO MAKE A PDF
How to make a PDF. There’s a right way and a wrong way to make a PDF. Based on an unscientific survey of the PDFs I’ve gotten from lawyers, just about all of you are doing it the wrong way. The wrong way: print the document on paper and scan it to PDF. The right way: “print” the document directly to PDF. Note Though almost all the material in this web TIMES NEW ROMAN ALTERNATIVES Times New Roman alternatives You can do better. times new roman. equity. tiempos. verdigris. It’s not that Times New Roman is a bad font. It’s just that you can and should do better (for why, see the next page). Equity is a text family I designed for lawyers. It fits as much text on the page as Times New Roman, butadds
HIERARCHICAL HEADINGS hierarchical headings Consider tiered numbers. Traditionally, hierarchical headings in legal documents start with roman numerals at the top level (I, II, III); then switch to capital letters (A, B, C); then numerals (1, 2, 3); then lowercase letters (a, b, c); then romanettes (i, ii, iii);HYPHENS AND DASHES
The hyphen (-) is the smallest of these marks.It has three uses. A hyphen appears at the end of a line when a word breaks onto the next line. These hyphens are added and removed automatically by your word processor’s hyphenation feature.. Some multipart words are spelled with a hyphen (topsy-turvy, cost-effective, bric-a-brac). ABOUT MATTHEW BUTTERICK About Matthew Butterick. I got my degree in design and typography at Harvard University. I began my career as a font designer in Boston. At the beginning of the internet era, I started Atomic Vision, a website-design company in San Francisco. Later, I attended UCLA law school and became amember of
CENTURY SCHOOLBOOK ALTERNATIVES Century Schoolbook alternatives Why use a children’s font? century schoolbook. century supra. miller. harriet. ingeborg. The “Scotch Roman” style of text face has been consistently popular since the mid-1800s, and traces its roots to the Edinburgh foundry of William Miller. The original font namedCentury, de
WIDOW AND ORPHAN CONTROL widow and orphan control Your call. Picture a paragraph that starts at the bottom of one page and continues at the top of the next. When only the last line of the paragraph appears at the top of the second page, that line is called a widow.When only the first line of the paragraph appears at the bottom of the first page, that line is called an orphan. ADVOCATE | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS Advocate is an assertive all-caps display face, especially good for business cards, letterhead, logos, and titles. I use it throughout this book for headlines. A total of 18 styles: three widths (= medium, semibold, bold) and three weights (= condensed, narrow, regular), in both sans and slab-serifversions.
COLUMNS | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS columns Your call. They’re unusual in legal documents, but I don’t object to columns in a long document like a contract or a settlement agreement. Columns are an easy way to get a shorter and more legible line length without using large page margins.On a standard 8.5″ × 11″ page, two or three columnsare fine.
FONT RECOMMENDATIONS Font recommendations. Sample of Equity printed on a letterpress.. Fonts are only one ingredient of typography. And messing around with the font menu on your computer isn’t a substitute for knowing the fundamentals of type composition and text formatting.That’s why this chapter appears in the middle of the book, not the beginning.APOSTROPHES
apostrophes Make sure they’re curly and point downward. The apostrophe has two functions we all remember from sixth-grade English class.. An apostrophe indicates the possessive case (Jessica’s bagel).. In contractions, an apostrophe takes the place of letters or numbers that have been removed (is not becomes isn’t, Patent No. 5,269,211becomes
SYSTEM FONTS
system fonts Avoid if you can, choose wisely if you can’t. As professional writers, lawyers ought to rely on professional fonts. They’re the quickest and easiest way to upgrade your typography.JUSTIFIED TEXT
justified text Your choice, but hyphenation is required. Justified text is spaced so the left and right sides of the text block both have a straight edge. The usual alternative to justified text is left-aligned text, which has an uneven right edge.Compared toleft-aligned text,
CENTURY SCHOOLBOOK ALTERNATIVES Century Schoolbook alternatives Why use a children’s font? century schoolbook. century supra. miller. harriet. ingeborg. The “Scotch Roman” style of text face has been consistently popular since the mid-1800s, and traces its roots to the Edinburgh foundry of William Miller. The original font namedCentury, de
PARAGRAPH AND SECTION MARKS paragraph and section marks Insert a nonbreaking space. The paragraph mark (¶) is used when citing documents with sequentially numbered paragraphs (e.g., declarations or complaints).The section mark (§) is used when citing documents with numbered or lettered sections (e.g.,statutes).
ELLIPSES | TYPOGRAPHY FOR LAWYERS “ is a monstrous growth. I have not read the nineteenth edition. I have dipped into it, much as one might dip one’s toes in a pail of freezing water.” —Judge Richard A. Posner, The Bluebook Blues, 120 Yale L.J. 850, 851–52 (2011). I’ve often wondered whether the zigzagging illogic of the Bluebook is calculated to protect its fran A BRIEF HISTORY OF TIMES NEW ROMAN A brief history of Times New Roman. Times New Roman gets its name from the Times of London, the British newspaper. In 1929, the Times hired typographer Stanley Morison to create a new text font. Morison led the project, supervising Victor Lardent, an advertising artist for the Times, who drew the letterforms.. Even when new, Times New Roman had its critTypography
for Lawyers
2nd edition
Typography for Lawyers SUMMARY OF KEY RULESSTART
* foreword by Bryan A. Garner* introduction
* how to use this book* acknowledgments
* about Matthew Butterick* legal
PLEASE PAY FOR THIS BOOK * how to pay for this book * why you should pay* MB fonts
WHY TYPOGRAPHY MATTERS * what is typography? * who is typography for? * why does typography matter? * what is good typography? * where do the rules come from? DROWNING THE “CRYSTAL GOBLET”TYPE COMPOSITION
* straight and curly quotes * one space between sentences * paragraph and section marks * hyphens and dashes* ampersands
* signature lines
* trademark & copyright symbols* ellipses
* apostrophes
* accented characters * foot and inch marks * white-space characters* word spaces
* nonbreaking spaces * tabs and tab stops* hard line breaks
* carriage returns
* hard page breaks
* optional hyphens
* math symbols
* ligatures
EM SIZING
TEXT FORMATTING
* underlining
* goofy fonts
* monospaced fonts
* system fonts
* bold or italic
* all caps
* point size
* headings
* letterspacing
* kerning
* color
* alternate figures
* ordinals
* web & email addresses* emails
* small caps
* hierarchical headings* OpenType features
* mixing fonts
WHAT’S THE BEST FONT? FONT RECOMMENDATIONS* font basics
* Equity
* Valkyrie
* Century Supra
* Concourse
* Hermes Maia
* Triplicate
* Advocate
* Arial alternatives * Helvetica alternatives * Times New Roman alternatives * A brief history of Times New Roman * Courier alternatives * Palatino alternatives * Baskerville alternatives * Georgia alternatives * Verdana alternatives * Gill Sans alternatives * Cambria alternatives * Calibri alternatives THE COPYRIGHT STATUS OF FONTSPAGE LAYOUT
* centered text
* justified text
* first-line indents * space between paragraphs* line spacing
* line length
* page margins
* watermarks
* body text
* hyphenation
* block quotations
* bulleted and numbered lists* tables
* rules & borders
* widow and orphan control * space above & below* page break before
* keep lines together * keep with next paragraph* columns
* footnotes
* line numbers
* Bates numbering
* paragraph & character styles * maxims of page layout SHOULD I PUSH MY LUCK WITH TYPOGRAPHY? SCREEN-READING CONSIDERATIONSSAMPLE DOCUMENTS
* caption pages
* motions
* research memos
* letterhead
* business cards
* résumés
* grids of numbers
* presentations
* contracts
* court opinions
AFTERWORD
APPENDIX
* typewriter habits
* how to interpret court rules * printers and paper* how to make a PDF
* bibliography
* common accented characters* Concourse Index
* contact
ALSO BY MATTHEW BUTTERICK * MB Type (fonts used in this book) * Practical Typography (like this book, but for nonlawyers) * Pollen (software used to make this book) * Beautiful Racket (book about programming) * MB XS (mailing list) Reader-supported & ad-free since 2008 undock move Equity Valkyrie Century Supra Concourse Hermes Maia Triplicate buy font closetop
chapter
Summary of key rules →Details
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