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Exam Preparation and Assessment. Prepare for your exams with Lecturio’s pre-configured study schedules, which combine learning material and clinical case questions and are perfectly organized into 9–35 blocks each. Schedules for various subjects, USMLE Step 1, and USMLE Step 2 CK are available.

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Short, concise, and easy-to-follow videos held by practicing nursing experts simplifying even the most complex topics for you. While watching video lectures, you’ll be shown recall questions not only to test your understanding but also to empower your active learning. A smart Spaced Repetition algorithm determines optimal point of recall

for you.

GERIATRICS: MEDICATIONS AND OLDER ADULTS KNEE PAIN — HISTORY TAKING AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATION Knee Pain — History Taking and Physical Examination See online here Knee pain is a common encounter in the general practitioner’s

office. Up to one

POSTMENOPAUSAL BLEEDING Postmenopausal bleeding is very common, especially in the first years after menopause. It is estimated that approximately 10% of women who enter menopause might have postmenopausal bleeding. Endometrial carcinoma is the most feared etiology of postmenopausal bleeding and accounts for approximately 10–15% of the cases. BIOCHEMISTRY FOR PHYSICIANS: CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM Biochemistry for Physicians: Cholesterol Metabolism See online here Cholesterol (Greek for: ‘gall’ and ‘solid’) is a media star: For decades, no other PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF PAIN Pathophysiology of Pain — Classification, Types, and Management See online here Pain management is an inseparable part of modern patient

care.

MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIA IN CHILDREN Overview of MP Pneumonia. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is an extracellular prokaryotic pathogen that can cause pneumonia in humans.MP pneumonia might be asymptomatic, lobar pneumonia, or a fatal condition if left untreated. MP pneumonia is more common in children compared to adults. MP lacks a cell wall, is insensitive to beta-lactam antibiotics, and is known to have a small and DIFFERENT EMERGENCIES IN THE OPERATION ROOM (OR) Incorrect site of surgery/incorrect surgery. This is a sentinel event and its incidence has increased in recent years. To prevent this from occurring, the following measures have been recommended:

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Exam Preparation and Assessment. Prepare for your exams with Lecturio’s pre-configured study schedules, which combine learning material and clinical case questions and are perfectly organized into 9–35 blocks each. Schedules for various subjects, USMLE Step 1, and USMLE Step 2 CK are available.

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Short, concise, and easy-to-follow videos held by practicing nursing experts simplifying even the most complex topics for you. While watching video lectures, you’ll be shown recall questions not only to test your understanding but also to empower your active learning. A smart Spaced Repetition algorithm determines optimal point of recall

for you.

GERIATRICS: MEDICATIONS AND OLDER ADULTS KNEE PAIN — HISTORY TAKING AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATION Knee Pain — History Taking and Physical Examination See online here Knee pain is a common encounter in the general practitioner’s

office. Up to one

POSTMENOPAUSAL BLEEDING Postmenopausal bleeding is very common, especially in the first years after menopause. It is estimated that approximately 10% of women who enter menopause might have postmenopausal bleeding. Endometrial carcinoma is the most feared etiology of postmenopausal bleeding and accounts for approximately 10–15% of the cases. BIOCHEMISTRY FOR PHYSICIANS: CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM Biochemistry for Physicians: Cholesterol Metabolism See online here Cholesterol (Greek for: ‘gall’ and ‘solid’) is a media star: For decades, no other PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF PAIN Pathophysiology of Pain — Classification, Types, and Management See online here Pain management is an inseparable part of modern patient

care.

MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIA IN CHILDREN Overview of MP Pneumonia. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is an extracellular prokaryotic pathogen that can cause pneumonia in humans.MP pneumonia might be asymptomatic, lobar pneumonia, or a fatal condition if left untreated. MP pneumonia is more common in children compared to adults. MP lacks a cell wall, is insensitive to beta-lactam antibiotics, and is known to have a small and DIFFERENT EMERGENCIES IN THE OPERATION ROOM (OR) Incorrect site of surgery/incorrect surgery. This is a sentinel event and its incidence has increased in recent years. To prevent this from occurring, the following measures have been recommended: LARYNGOMALACIA AND TRACHEOMALACIA Overview Definitions. Laryngomalacia is softening of or redundancy of supraglottic structures leading to collapse and narrowing of the airway during inspiration.. Tracheomalacia is an abnormality in tracheal compliance caused by a variety of factors, resulting in the dynamic airway narrowing.. Epidemiology. Laryngomalacia: Most common congenital laryngeal abnormality PHYSIOLOGY OF LEARNING AND MEMORY Motor learning is located in the neurons of the cerebellum and basal ganglia.The declarative memory is located in the medial temporal lobe.A lesion of the hippocampus leads to anterograde amnesia, meaning that new information cannot be stored anymore.. Memory Systems. The procedural memory is in the striatum and uses the pathway of the neocortex.Associative learning takes place JAW AND TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT The jaw is made up of the mandible, which comprises the lower jaw, and the maxilla, which comprises the upper jaw. The mandible articulates with the temporal bone via

TRICHOTILLOMANIA

Trichotillomania (hair-pulling disorder or HPD) is defined by repetitive pulling of one’s hair, resulting in hair loss which may be visible to others. KLEPTOMANIA AND PYROMANIA Kleptomania Definition. Kleptomania is the impulse to steal without the need to (e.g., items stolen are free, have no value, the person doesn’t need them or could afford them), accompanied by a feeling of relief or relaxation after the theft.

CONDUCT DISORDER

Conduct disorder (CD) is a pediatric mental disorder characterized by a recurrent behavior in which patients do not comply with social norms and rules or the basic rights of others. INTERMITTENT EXPLOSIVE DISORDER Overview Definition. Intermittent explosive disorder (IED) is an impulse control disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of violent aggressive outbursts, either verbal or physical, out of proportion to the provoking events and immediately followed by a sense

of regret.

INHALANT USE DISORDER Inhalant use disorder is a substance use disorder defined by pathologic consumption of inhalant substances—such as glue, paint, or lighter fluid—in order to reach a euphoric feeling. NICOTINE USE DISORDER Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable death in the world. Tobacco use is directly related to a higher risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiovascular diseases, and DELIRIUM, VASCULAR DEMENTIA, FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA AND MORE Definition. Frontotemporal dementia is a clinical syndrome associated with shrinkage of the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain. It is also known as Pick’s disease, frontal lobe dementia, or frontotemporal disorder. These disorders occur as a result of the damage of neurons in the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain with

the death of

LECTURIO.COM

Exam Preparation and Assessment. Prepare for your exams with Lecturio’s pre-configured study schedules, which combine learning material and clinical case questions and are perfectly organized into 9–35 blocks each. Schedules for various subjects, USMLE Step 1, and USMLE Step 2 CK are available.

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Short, concise, and easy-to-follow videos held by practicing nursing experts simplifying even the most complex topics for you. While watching video lectures, you’ll be shown recall questions not only to test your understanding but also to empower your active learning. A smart Spaced Repetition algorithm determines optimal point of recall

for you.

GERIATRICS: MEDICATIONS AND OLDER ADULTS

COAGULATION STUDIES

Coagulation Studies. Coagulation studies are a group of hematologic laboratory studies that reflect the function of blood vessels, platelets, and coagulation factors, which all interact with one another to achieve hemostasis. Coagulation studies are usually ordered to evaluate patients with bleeding or hypercoagulation disorders. MATURE DEFENSES, NEUROTIC DEFENSES, IMMATURE DEFENSE, AND MORE Pushing the unpleasant or unacceptable feeling, thought, or desire deliberately out of consciousness. It is the only defense mechanism to have some sort of conscious effort, albeit partial. Example 1: A project manager needs to prepare for an important presentation, and her friends want to know about her weekend plans. ABDOMINAL CALCIFICATIONS The optimal abdominal radiograph should reveal the diaphragm, lateral abdominal wall musculature, and the pubic rami. When the image does not show the whole abdomen, certain abnormalities such as abdominal calcifications can be missed. This article focuses on the role of abdominal radiography in delineating calcifications. RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS TYPE 4: ABSOLUTE HYPOALDOSTERONISM Renal Tubular Acidosis Type 4: Absolute Hypoaldosteronism (Aldosterone Insensitivity) in Children See online here Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) type 4, also called hyperkalemic renal tubular ANATOMY, FUNCTIONS, AND HISTOLOGY OF THE HUMAN NOSE Anatomy, Functions, and Histology of the Human Nose See online here The nose is the human body's primary organ of smell, and it functions

as part

RADIATION COLITIS: ETIOLOGY, SYMPTOMS, DIAGNOSIS AND MORE Colitis, inflammation of the colon, can be caused by a variety of etiologies. It is a common side effect of using radiation therapy when treating abdominal or pelvic malignancy, especially in the treatment of prostate cancer and ovarian cancer. An abdominal dosage greater than 1.5 Gray units may result in radiation colitis.

LECTURIO.COM

Exam Preparation and Assessment. Prepare for your exams with Lecturio’s pre-configured study schedules, which combine learning material and clinical case questions and are perfectly organized into 9–35 blocks each. Schedules for various subjects, USMLE Step 1, and USMLE Step 2 CK are available.

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Short, concise, and easy-to-follow videos held by practicing nursing experts simplifying even the most complex topics for you. While watching video lectures, you’ll be shown recall questions not only to test your understanding but also to empower your active learning. A smart Spaced Repetition algorithm determines optimal point of recall

for you.

GERIATRICS: MEDICATIONS AND OLDER ADULTS

COAGULATION STUDIES

Coagulation Studies. Coagulation studies are a group of hematologic laboratory studies that reflect the function of blood vessels, platelets, and coagulation factors, which all interact with one another to achieve hemostasis. Coagulation studies are usually ordered to evaluate patients with bleeding or hypercoagulation disorders. MATURE DEFENSES, NEUROTIC DEFENSES, IMMATURE DEFENSE, AND MORE Pushing the unpleasant or unacceptable feeling, thought, or desire deliberately out of consciousness. It is the only defense mechanism to have some sort of conscious effort, albeit partial. Example 1: A project manager needs to prepare for an important presentation, and her friends want to know about her weekend plans. ABDOMINAL CALCIFICATIONS The optimal abdominal radiograph should reveal the diaphragm, lateral abdominal wall musculature, and the pubic rami. When the image does not show the whole abdomen, certain abnormalities such as abdominal calcifications can be missed. This article focuses on the role of abdominal radiography in delineating calcifications. RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS TYPE 4: ABSOLUTE HYPOALDOSTERONISM Renal Tubular Acidosis Type 4: Absolute Hypoaldosteronism (Aldosterone Insensitivity) in Children See online here Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) type 4, also called hyperkalemic renal tubular ANATOMY, FUNCTIONS, AND HISTOLOGY OF THE HUMAN NOSE Anatomy, Functions, and Histology of the Human Nose See online here The nose is the human body's primary organ of smell, and it functions

as part

RADIATION COLITIS: ETIOLOGY, SYMPTOMS, DIAGNOSIS AND MORE Colitis, inflammation of the colon, can be caused by a variety of etiologies. It is a common side effect of using radiation therapy when treating abdominal or pelvic malignancy, especially in the treatment of prostate cancer and ovarian cancer. An abdominal dosage greater than 1.5 Gray units may result in radiation colitis. OPHTHALMOLOGY: BASIC PRINCIPLES WITH CARLO RAJ Ophthalmology is an important topic to review when you are about to enter Step 2 or shelf exams after your clinical rotations.. High quality videos, quiz questions, clinical pearls and mnemonics will help you to learn and understand the most relevant details of this essential neurological topic. MEDICAL INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGNER (M,F,D) Lecturio is a leading international medical e-learning platform, serving students as well as medical schools and institutions. Lecturio’s mission is to address the severe shortage of healthcare providers around the world through increasing access to quality

medical education.

MATURE DEFENSES, NEUROTIC DEFENSES, IMMATURE DEFENSE, AND MORE Pushing the unpleasant or unacceptable feeling, thought, or desire deliberately out of consciousness. It is the only defense mechanism to have some sort of conscious effort, albeit partial. Example 1: A project manager needs to prepare for an important presentation, and her friends want to know about her weekend plans. FREE SELF-ASSESSMENT WEEK FOR USMLE® STEP 1 & STEP 2 CK Self-assessments help you to get used to the testing environment, and give you an idea of how prepared you already are. Lecturio’s self-assessment is based on the latest NBME® standards and includes 160 case questions divided into 4 blocks. Each block is 60 minutes long – just like on the USMLE® Step 1 and USMLE® Step 2 CK.

COAGULATION STUDIES

Coagulation Studies. Coagulation studies are a group of hematologic laboratory studies that reflect the function of blood vessels, platelets, and coagulation factors, which all interact with one another to achieve hemostasis. Coagulation studies are usually ordered to evaluate patients with bleeding or hypercoagulation disorders. MEDICAL EDUCATION SALES REPRESENTATIVE (M,F,D) Are you experienced in selling medical or higher education software? As a Medical Education Sales Rep (m/f/d) at Lecturio, you will build your own sales pipeline and strong business relationships with institutional clients, such as higher ed and med schools. Help us to build a strong network, introduce new product features to our B2U customers, and act as their primary contact person. RADIATION COLITIS: ETIOLOGY, SYMPTOMS, DIAGNOSIS AND MORE Colitis, inflammation of the colon, can be caused by a variety of etiologies. It is a common side effect of using radiation therapy when treating abdominal or pelvic malignancy, especially in the treatment of prostate cancer and ovarian cancer. An abdominal dosage greater than 1.5 Gray units may result in radiation colitis. DIFFERENT EMERGENCIES IN THE OPERATION ROOM (OR) Classification of Emergencies in the Operation Room. An anesthesia provider requires a combination of skills, such as anatomical knowledge of the airway, knowledge of the varied pharmacologic agents used, along with their effects and interactions, drug titrations, ability to manage stress and provide relief to an anxious, often critically ill patient. TYPE III HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTION Type III Hypersensitivity Reaction. Type III hypersensitivity, also known as immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity, occurs when antibodies and antigens form immune complexes (ICs) in circulation and deposit in susceptible tissues. The complement system triggers the immune response, leading to leukocyte recruitment and tissue injury.

AORTIC SCLEROSIS

Aortic valve sclerosis is defined as the thickening and calcification of the aortic valve without an obstruction of the ventricular flow of blood. This condition affects the aortic valve and may lead to aortic stenosis. Aortic sclerosis is increasingly prevalent in older adults, as risk increases as a

LECTURIO.COM

Exam Preparation and Assessment. Prepare for your exams with Lecturio’s pre-configured study schedules, which combine learning material and clinical case questions and are perfectly organized into 9–35 blocks each. Schedules for various subjects, USMLE Step 1, and USMLE Step 2 CK are available.

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Login to Lecturio and start learning. If you don't have a free account yet, please create one first.

LECTURIO NURSING

Short, concise, and easy-to-follow videos held by practicing nursing experts simplifying even the most complex topics for you. While watching video lectures, you’ll be shown recall questions not only to test your understanding but also to empower your active learning. A smart Spaced Repetition algorithm determines optimal point of recall

for you.

GERIATRICS: MEDICATIONS AND OLDER ADULTS

COAGULATION STUDIES

Coagulation Studies. Coagulation studies are a group of hematologic laboratory studies that reflect the function of blood vessels, platelets, and coagulation factors, which all interact with one another to achieve hemostasis. Coagulation studies are usually ordered to evaluate patients with bleeding or hypercoagulation disorders. MATURE DEFENSES, NEUROTIC DEFENSES, IMMATURE DEFENSE, AND MORE Pushing the unpleasant or unacceptable feeling, thought, or desire deliberately out of consciousness. It is the only defense mechanism to have some sort of conscious effort, albeit partial. Example 1: A project manager needs to prepare for an important presentation, and her friends want to know about her weekend plans. ABDOMINAL CALCIFICATIONS The optimal abdominal radiograph should reveal the diaphragm, lateral abdominal wall musculature, and the pubic rami. When the image does not show the whole abdomen, certain abnormalities such as abdominal calcifications can be missed. This article focuses on the role of abdominal radiography in delineating calcifications. RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS TYPE 4: ABSOLUTE HYPOALDOSTERONISM Renal Tubular Acidosis Type 4: Absolute Hypoaldosteronism (Aldosterone Insensitivity) in Children See online here Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) type 4, also called hyperkalemic renal tubular ANATOMY, FUNCTIONS, AND HISTOLOGY OF THE HUMAN NOSE Anatomy, Functions, and Histology of the Human Nose See online here The nose is the human body's primary organ of smell, and it functions

as part

RADIATION COLITIS: ETIOLOGY, SYMPTOMS, DIAGNOSIS AND MORE Colitis, inflammation of the colon, can be caused by a variety of etiologies. It is a common side effect of using radiation therapy when treating abdominal or pelvic malignancy, especially in the treatment of prostate cancer and ovarian cancer. An abdominal dosage greater than 1.5 Gray units may result in radiation colitis.

LECTURIO.COM

Exam Preparation and Assessment. Prepare for your exams with Lecturio’s pre-configured study schedules, which combine learning material and clinical case questions and are perfectly organized into 9–35 blocks each. Schedules for various subjects, USMLE Step 1, and USMLE Step 2 CK are available.

LECTURIO LOGIN

Login to Lecturio and start learning. If you don't have a free account yet, please create one first.

LECTURIO NURSING

Short, concise, and easy-to-follow videos held by practicing nursing experts simplifying even the most complex topics for you. While watching video lectures, you’ll be shown recall questions not only to test your understanding but also to empower your active learning. A smart Spaced Repetition algorithm determines optimal point of recall

for you.

GERIATRICS: MEDICATIONS AND OLDER ADULTS

COAGULATION STUDIES

Coagulation Studies. Coagulation studies are a group of hematologic laboratory studies that reflect the function of blood vessels, platelets, and coagulation factors, which all interact with one another to achieve hemostasis. Coagulation studies are usually ordered to evaluate patients with bleeding or hypercoagulation disorders. MATURE DEFENSES, NEUROTIC DEFENSES, IMMATURE DEFENSE, AND MORE Pushing the unpleasant or unacceptable feeling, thought, or desire deliberately out of consciousness. It is the only defense mechanism to have some sort of conscious effort, albeit partial. Example 1: A project manager needs to prepare for an important presentation, and her friends want to know about her weekend plans. ABDOMINAL CALCIFICATIONS The optimal abdominal radiograph should reveal the diaphragm, lateral abdominal wall musculature, and the pubic rami. When the image does not show the whole abdomen, certain abnormalities such as abdominal calcifications can be missed. This article focuses on the role of abdominal radiography in delineating calcifications. RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS TYPE 4: ABSOLUTE HYPOALDOSTERONISM Renal Tubular Acidosis Type 4: Absolute Hypoaldosteronism (Aldosterone Insensitivity) in Children See online here Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) type 4, also called hyperkalemic renal tubular ANATOMY, FUNCTIONS, AND HISTOLOGY OF THE HUMAN NOSE Anatomy, Functions, and Histology of the Human Nose See online here The nose is the human body's primary organ of smell, and it functions

as part

RADIATION COLITIS: ETIOLOGY, SYMPTOMS, DIAGNOSIS AND MORE Colitis, inflammation of the colon, can be caused by a variety of etiologies. It is a common side effect of using radiation therapy when treating abdominal or pelvic malignancy, especially in the treatment of prostate cancer and ovarian cancer. An abdominal dosage greater than 1.5 Gray units may result in radiation colitis. OPHTHALMOLOGY: BASIC PRINCIPLES WITH CARLO RAJ Ophthalmology is an important topic to review when you are about to enter Step 2 or shelf exams after your clinical rotations.. High quality videos, quiz questions, clinical pearls and mnemonics will help you to learn and understand the most relevant details of this essential neurological topic. MEDICAL INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGNER (M,F,D) Lecturio is a leading international medical e-learning platform, serving students as well as medical schools and institutions. Lecturio’s mission is to address the severe shortage of healthcare providers around the world through increasing access to quality

medical education.

MATURE DEFENSES, NEUROTIC DEFENSES, IMMATURE DEFENSE, AND MORE Pushing the unpleasant or unacceptable feeling, thought, or desire deliberately out of consciousness. It is the only defense mechanism to have some sort of conscious effort, albeit partial. Example 1: A project manager needs to prepare for an important presentation, and her friends want to know about her weekend plans. FREE SELF-ASSESSMENT WEEK FOR USMLE® STEP 1 & STEP 2 CK Self-assessments help you to get used to the testing environment, and give you an idea of how prepared you already are. Lecturio’s self-assessment is based on the latest NBME® standards and includes 160 case questions divided into 4 blocks. Each block is 60 minutes long – just like on the USMLE® Step 1 and USMLE® Step 2 CK.

COAGULATION STUDIES

Coagulation Studies. Coagulation studies are a group of hematologic laboratory studies that reflect the function of blood vessels, platelets, and coagulation factors, which all interact with one another to achieve hemostasis. Coagulation studies are usually ordered to evaluate patients with bleeding or hypercoagulation disorders. MEDICAL EDUCATION SALES REPRESENTATIVE (M,F,D) Are you experienced in selling medical or higher education software? As a Medical Education Sales Rep (m/f/d) at Lecturio, you will build your own sales pipeline and strong business relationships with institutional clients, such as higher ed and med schools. Help us to build a strong network, introduce new product features to our B2U customers, and act as their primary contact person. RADIATION COLITIS: ETIOLOGY, SYMPTOMS, DIAGNOSIS AND MORE Colitis, inflammation of the colon, can be caused by a variety of etiologies. It is a common side effect of using radiation therapy when treating abdominal or pelvic malignancy, especially in the treatment of prostate cancer and ovarian cancer. An abdominal dosage greater than 1.5 Gray units may result in radiation colitis. DIFFERENT EMERGENCIES IN THE OPERATION ROOM (OR) Classification of Emergencies in the Operation Room. An anesthesia provider requires a combination of skills, such as anatomical knowledge of the airway, knowledge of the varied pharmacologic agents used, along with their effects and interactions, drug titrations, ability to manage stress and provide relief to an anxious, often critically ill patient. TYPE III HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTION Type III Hypersensitivity Reaction. Type III hypersensitivity, also known as immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity, occurs when antibodies and antigens form immune complexes (ICs) in circulation and deposit in susceptible tissues. The complement system triggers the immune response, leading to leukocyte recruitment and tissue injury.

AORTIC SCLEROSIS

Aortic valve sclerosis is defined as the thickening and calcification of the aortic valve without an obstruction of the ventricular flow of blood. This condition affects the aortic valve and may lead to aortic stenosis. Aortic sclerosis is increasingly prevalent in older adults, as risk increases as a

LECTURIO.COM

Exam Preparation and Assessment. Prepare for your exams with Lecturio’s pre-configured study schedules, which combine learning material and clinical case questions and are perfectly organized into 9–35 blocks each. Schedules for various subjects, USMLE Step 1, and USMLE Step 2 CK are available.

LECTURIO LOGIN

Login to Lecturio and start learning. If you don't have a free account yet, please create one first. LECTURIO PREMIUM PRICING Now up to 50% OFF! Become a member of Lecturio Premium to enjoy high-yield videos, questions, apps, and features.

LECTURIO NURSING

Short, concise, and easy-to-follow videos held by practicing nursing experts simplifying even the most complex topics for you. While watching video lectures, you’ll be shown recall questions not only to test your understanding but also to empower your active learning. A smart Spaced Repetition algorithm determines optimal point of recall

for you.

EVERYTHING ABOUT LOOP DIURETICS DNA LIBRARIES, ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS MENTAL STATUS EXAM (MSE) Overview. A mental status examination, just like a physical examination, is an intrusion on the patient’s rights and should not be conducted against the patient’s will. Before a physician performs a mental status examination, s/he must explain the procedure to the patient and ensure the patient understands that exam results will be

documented.

RADIATION COLITIS: ETIOLOGY, SYMPTOMS, DIAGNOSIS AND MORE Colitis, inflammation of the colon, can be caused by a variety of etiologies. It is a common side effect of using radiation therapy when treating abdominal or pelvic malignancy, especially in the treatment of prostate cancer and ovarian cancer. An abdominal dosage greater than 1.5 Gray units may result in radiation colitis. CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL) Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common type of leukemia and belongs, being a leukemic B cell-lymphoma, to the group of low-grade, indolent non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. Clonal proliferation of the usually non-immunocompetent B cells induces accumulation in the bone marrow, the spleen, and lymph nodes, and causes leukocytosis in

the

AORTIC SCLEROSIS

LECTURIO.COM

Exam Preparation and Assessment. Prepare for your exams with Lecturio’s pre-configured study schedules, which combine learning material and clinical case questions and are perfectly organized into 9–35 blocks each. Schedules for various subjects, USMLE Step 1, and USMLE Step 2 CK are available.

LECTURIO LOGIN

Login to Lecturio and start learning. If you don't have a free account yet, please create one first. LECTURIO PREMIUM PRICING Now up to 50% OFF! Become a member of Lecturio Premium to enjoy high-yield videos, questions, apps, and features.

LECTURIO NURSING

Short, concise, and easy-to-follow videos held by practicing nursing experts simplifying even the most complex topics for you. While watching video lectures, you’ll be shown recall questions not only to test your understanding but also to empower your active learning. A smart Spaced Repetition algorithm determines optimal point of recall

for you.

EVERYTHING ABOUT LOOP DIURETICS DNA LIBRARIES, ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS MENTAL STATUS EXAM (MSE) Overview. A mental status examination, just like a physical examination, is an intrusion on the patient’s rights and should not be conducted against the patient’s will. Before a physician performs a mental status examination, s/he must explain the procedure to the patient and ensure the patient understands that exam results will be

documented.

RADIATION COLITIS: ETIOLOGY, SYMPTOMS, DIAGNOSIS AND MORE Colitis, inflammation of the colon, can be caused by a variety of etiologies. It is a common side effect of using radiation therapy when treating abdominal or pelvic malignancy, especially in the treatment of prostate cancer and ovarian cancer. An abdominal dosage greater than 1.5 Gray units may result in radiation colitis. CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL) Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common type of leukemia and belongs, being a leukemic B cell-lymphoma, to the group of low-grade, indolent non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. Clonal proliferation of the usually non-immunocompetent B cells induces accumulation in the bone marrow, the spleen, and lymph nodes, and causes leukocytosis in

the

AORTIC SCLEROSIS

NUCLEIC ACIDS

Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides, organic molecules composed of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. Nucleic acids are responsible for storage, replication, and expression of genetic

information.

EVERYTHING ABOUT LOOP DIURETICS Mechanism of Action. The thick ascending limb of Henle’s loop is the site of action of loop diuretics.. This Henle’s loop is characterized by being impermeable to water, although it powerfully and actively transports the sodium, chloride and potassium ions via the apical membrane Na +-K +-2Cl − cotransporter.This makes the water in early distal tubular fluid hypotonic (about 100 mOsm/kg DNA LIBRARIES, ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS DNA Library. A DNA library is a collection of DNA fragments that were cloned in vectors so that scientists can identify and isolate desired fragments for genetic studies.Two kinds of DNA libraries are constructed. Some genomic DNA libraries contain a representation of an organism’s entire genome.The number of clones produced in a genomic library depends on the size of the genome being LARYNGOMALACIA AND TRACHEOMALACIA Overview Definitions. Laryngomalacia is softening of or redundancy of supraglottic structures leading to collapse and narrowing of the airway during inspiration.. Tracheomalacia is an abnormality in tracheal compliance caused by a variety of factors, resulting in the dynamic airway narrowing.. Epidemiology. Laryngomalacia: Most common congenital laryngeal abnormality ANATOMY OF THE SPINAL COLUMN The human spine (vertebral column) is the most important anatomical and functional axis of the body.It consists of a total of seven cervical vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae, and five lumbar vertebrae and is limited cranially by the skull and caudally by the sacrum.. The sacrum is a bony structure consisting of five merged sacrum vertebrae. The sacral vertebrae, however, are no longer motion DIFFERENT EMERGENCIES IN THE OPERATION ROOM (OR) Classification of Emergencies in the Operation Room. An anesthesia provider requires a combination of skills, such as anatomical knowledge of the airway, knowledge of the varied pharmacologic agents used, along with their effects and interactions, drug titrations, ability to manage stress and provide relief to an anxious, often critically ill patient.

CHOLELITHIASIS

Cholelithiasis. Cholelithiasis (gallstones) is the presence of stones in the gallbladder. Most gallstones are cholesterol stones, while the rest are composed of bilirubin (pigment stones) and other mixed components. Patients are commonly asymptomatic but may present with biliary colic (intermittent pain in the right upper quadrant). ABDOMINAL CALCIFICATIONS The optimal abdominal radiograph should reveal the diaphragm, lateral abdominal wall musculature, and the pubic rami. When the image does not show the whole abdomen, certain abnormalities such as abdominal calcifications can be missed. This article focuses on the role of abdominal radiography in delineating calcifications.

LUNG CANCER

Lung Cancer. Lung cancer is the malignant transformation of lung tissue and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. The majority of cases are associated with long-term smoking. The disease is generally classified histologically as either small cell lung cancer or non-small cell lung cancer. Molecular profiling of the cancer provides

further

ARTERIES IN THE NECK: THE CAROTID ARTERIAL SYSTEM In the neck, the carotid sheath (fibrous connective tissue) covers the common carotid artery, vagus nerve, and internal jugular vein. The vein is the most lateral structure within the carotid sheath, followed by the nerve and then the artery, which is the most medial structure. Each of these components of the carotid sheath has a separate

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