THE BUILDING OF THE GREAT PYRAMID OF KHUFU (CHEOPS) INSEE MORE ON

CHEOPS-PYRAMIDE.CH

THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE KHUFU PYRAMID (OVERVIEW WITH The construction of the first 30 meters of the pyramid is the most labor-intensive time, because over 50% of the total volume was built, over 3 million tons of stone were used. On the southern side of the pyramid 5 tracks go up the pyramid flank (better even 5 tracks on each side of the pyramid). DIMENSIONS OF THE CHEOPS (KHUFU) PYRAMID AND BUILDING Dimensions of the Cheops (Khufu) pyramid, building materials involved. Calculations about the time necessary to build the pyramid and how many blocks had to be hauled up the pyramid per minute. The pyramid of Khufu - Output / performance - Building material - Dimensions of the

pyramid -

SURVEY AND THE ALIGNMENT OF THE KHUFU PYRAMID THE OUTER STONES (CASING) FOR THE KHUFU PYRAMID The outer stones (casing) A new method by Franz Löhner. A special visual impact was created by using white outer Tura stones. Franz Löhner postulates, that these outer stones were an integral part of the pyramid and not only a mantle or shell added. PYRAMID BUILDING: DESCRIPTION OF THE MOST WELL KNOWN RAMP Pyramid building: Description of several ramp modells and other devices suggested for lifting material to build the Pyramids of Egypt. Their major drawbacks and problems. A novel and simple solution to these problems is suggested by Franz Löhner - lifting the stone blocks with a rope roll. Rope roll - 5 requirements - Winding ramp - Straight-on ramp - Zigzag ramp - Internal ramp - Combination STONE COURSES OF THE PYRAMID OF KHUFU (TABLE AND ACCURATE Stone courses of the Pyramid of Khufu in tabular form and as an illustration (The levels of the stone courses of Khufu's Pyramid are correct to 1/4 meters). All numbers are transcribed from W. Petrie. 1. Accumulation of thicker stone courses - 2. Possible location of the rope-roll stations - 3. Thicker layers also in the upper regions of

the pyramid - 4.

NO MORE RAMPS

THE BUILDING OF THE PYRAMIDS USING SLEDGES ON TRACKS AND The building of the pyramids using sledges on tracks and rope rolls. Details of the sledge and the tracks, how the ropes had to be attached to the sledge and how it was hauled up the pyramid flank. Solution for transport problems - Mass production of sledges - Rolls on rails - Lubrication - Anchoring - Ropes - HOW TO CUT STONES, SPECIALLY WHAT TOOLS TO USE FOR HARD Details about how to cut stones, specially what tools to use for hard granite stones. Franz Löhner thinks, that only forged iron chisels can cut through the hard granite. Franz Löhner doesn't allege, that the ancient Egyptians already knew the difficult and elaborate procedure of making wrought iron - but, that they acquired the valuable iron by trading. THE BUILDING OF THE GREAT PYRAMID OF KHUFU (CHEOPS) INSEE MORE ON

CHEOPS-PYRAMIDE.CH

THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE KHUFU PYRAMID (OVERVIEW WITH The construction of the first 30 meters of the pyramid is the most labor-intensive time, because over 50% of the total volume was built, over 3 million tons of stone were used. On the southern side of the pyramid 5 tracks go up the pyramid flank (better even 5 tracks on each side of the pyramid). DIMENSIONS OF THE CHEOPS (KHUFU) PYRAMID AND BUILDING Dimensions of the Cheops (Khufu) pyramid, building materials involved. Calculations about the time necessary to build the pyramid and how many blocks had to be hauled up the pyramid per minute. The pyramid of Khufu - Output / performance - Building material - Dimensions of the

pyramid -

SURVEY AND THE ALIGNMENT OF THE KHUFU PYRAMID THE OUTER STONES (CASING) FOR THE KHUFU PYRAMID The outer stones (casing) A new method by Franz Löhner. A special visual impact was created by using white outer Tura stones. Franz Löhner postulates, that these outer stones were an integral part of the pyramid and not only a mantle or shell added. PYRAMID BUILDING: DESCRIPTION OF THE MOST WELL KNOWN RAMP Pyramid building: Description of several ramp modells and other devices suggested for lifting material to build the Pyramids of Egypt. Their major drawbacks and problems. A novel and simple solution to these problems is suggested by Franz Löhner - lifting the stone blocks with a rope roll. Rope roll - 5 requirements - Winding ramp - Straight-on ramp - Zigzag ramp - Internal ramp - Combination STONE COURSES OF THE PYRAMID OF KHUFU (TABLE AND ACCURATE Stone courses of the Pyramid of Khufu in tabular form and as an illustration (The levels of the stone courses of Khufu's Pyramid are correct to 1/4 meters). All numbers are transcribed from W. Petrie. 1. Accumulation of thicker stone courses - 2. Possible location of the rope-roll stations - 3. Thicker layers also in the upper regions of

the pyramid - 4.

NO MORE RAMPS

THE BUILDING OF THE PYRAMIDS USING SLEDGES ON TRACKS AND The building of the pyramids using sledges on tracks and rope rolls. Details of the sledge and the tracks, how the ropes had to be attached to the sledge and how it was hauled up the pyramid flank. Solution for transport problems - Mass production of sledges - Rolls on rails - Lubrication - Anchoring - Ropes - HOW TO CUT STONES, SPECIALLY WHAT TOOLS TO USE FOR HARD Details about how to cut stones, specially what tools to use for hard granite stones. Franz Löhner thinks, that only forged iron chisels can cut through the hard granite. Franz Löhner doesn't allege, that the ancient Egyptians already knew the difficult and elaborate procedure of making wrought iron - but, that they acquired the valuable iron by trading. THE BUILDING YARD OF THE KHUFU PYRAMID (CHEOPS PYRAMID) The building yard of the Khufu pyramid (Cheops pyramid). The building yard as the center of the whole pyramid construction project, where all assignments are planned and coordinated and all the important decisions are made. The route of each stone had to be scheduled and its shape and size and its intended place on the pyramid had to be

decided.

TABLE OF CONTENTS: PYRAMID CONSTRUCTION WITH THE HELP OF The building of the pyramids with rope rolls - a new method by Franz Löhner. The ropes are attached to the stone block on a sledge and slung up and over the reel and back down. The workers didn't pull the stone up but were walking down and by pulling the attached rope the stone was carried up. Thus the workers were using their own weight in addition to their strength to pull the stone. PYRAMID BUILDING: DESCRIPTION OF THE MOST WELL KNOWN RAMP Pyramid building: Description of several ramp modells and other devices suggested for lifting material to build the Pyramids of Egypt. Their major drawbacks and problems. A novel and simple solution to these problems is suggested by Franz Löhner - lifting the stone blocks with a rope roll. Rope roll - 5 requirements - Winding ramp - Straight-on ramp - Zigzag ramp - Internal ramp - Combination THE BUILDING OF THE PYRAMIDS USING SLEDGES ON TRACKS AND The building of the pyramids using sledges on tracks and rope rolls. Details of the sledge and the tracks, how the ropes had to be attached to the sledge and how it was hauled up the pyramid flank. Solution for transport problems - Mass production of sledges - Rolls on rails - Lubrication - Anchoring - Ropes - LINKS ABOUT PYRAMIDS AND PYRAMID BUILDING Links about pyramid construction. Scientific links - Museums and institutes - Photos and Paintings of pyramids - Harebrained theories about how the pyramids were built. Scientific links. The Giza plateau mapping project (GPMP) - Computer-models if the Giza plateau. STONE COURSES OF THE PYRAMID OF KHUFU (TABLE AND ACCURATE Stone courses of the Pyramid of Khufu in tabular form and as an illustration (The levels of the stone courses of Khufu's Pyramid are correct to 1/4 meters). All numbers are transcribed from W. Petrie. 1. Accumulation of thicker stone courses - 2. Possible location of the rope-roll stations - 3. Thicker layers also in the upper regions of

the pyramid - 4.

PYTHAGOREAN TRIPLE AND THE DIMENSIONS OF THE KHUFU PYRAMID Pythagorean triple. Back to the page about surveying and measuring the Cheops pyramids. A Pythagorean triple is a set of three positive whole

numbers a,

HOW MANY WORKERS WERE NECESSARY TO BUILD THE PYRAMID? Franz Löhner suggests a total of 7000 men necessary to build the pyramid. Quarrying stones, transporting them on boats from as far away as Aswan and then hauling them up to the pyramid. Rope rolls were used to haul the blocks up the flank of the pyramid. Stone quarries - Transport by boat - Transport on land - Inspecting and fitting the stones in the building yard - Up the flank of the STONE QUARRIES IN ANCIENT EGYPT. DETAILS ABOUT THE GIZA Stone quarries in ancient Egypt. Details about the stones used for the construction of the Great Pyramids of Giseh. The Giza quarries, the granite quarries in Assuan and the Tura limestone quarries. Maps and illustrations. How were the stones bevelled and the precise angle achieved? Properties of the stones - Aswan stone quarries (granite) - Tura stone quarries (limestone) - Giza stone LIFTING THE GRANITE BLOCKS WITH A HEAVY DUTY TRACK SYSTEM Lifting the granite blocks with a heavy duty track system with counter weights and rope rolls. No huge construction ramps were necessary. Solution for transport problems - Harbor to pyramid - Large standard sized blocks as counterweights - Exact method of operation - Placement of components - Starting the stones - Up the pyramid flank - Position of rope-roll-stations - Intermediate rope roll THE BUILDING OF THE GREAT PYRAMID OF KHUFU (CHEOPS) INSEE MORE ON

CHEOPS-PYRAMIDE.CH

THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE KHUFU PYRAMID (OVERVIEW WITH The construction of the first 30 meters of the pyramid is the most labor-intensive time, because over 50% of the total volume was built, over 3 million tons of stone were used. On the southern side of the pyramid 5 tracks go up the pyramid flank (better even 5 tracks on each side of the pyramid). DIMENSIONS OF THE CHEOPS (KHUFU) PYRAMID AND BUILDING Dimensions of the Cheops (Khufu) pyramid, building materials involved. Calculations about the time necessary to build the pyramid and how many blocks had to be hauled up the pyramid per minute. The pyramid of Khufu - Output / performance - Building material - Dimensions of the

pyramid -

SURVEY AND THE ALIGNMENT OF THE KHUFU PYRAMID THE OUTER STONES (CASING) FOR THE KHUFU PYRAMID The outer stones (casing) A new method by Franz Löhner. A special visual impact was created by using white outer Tura stones. Franz Löhner postulates, that these outer stones were an integral part of the pyramid and not only a mantle or shell added. PYRAMID BUILDING: DESCRIPTION OF THE MOST WELL KNOWN RAMP Pyramid building: Description of several ramp modells and other devices suggested for lifting material to build the Pyramids of Egypt. Their major drawbacks and problems. A novel and simple solution to these problems is suggested by Franz Löhner - lifting the stone blocks with a rope roll. Rope roll - 5 requirements - Winding ramp - Straight-on ramp - Zigzag ramp - Internal ramp - Combination STONE COURSES OF THE PYRAMID OF KHUFU (TABLE AND ACCURATE Stone courses of the Pyramid of Khufu in tabular form and as an illustration (The levels of the stone courses of Khufu's Pyramid are correct to 1/4 meters). All numbers are transcribed from W. Petrie. 1. Accumulation of thicker stone courses - 2. Possible location of the rope-roll stations - 3. Thicker layers also in the upper regions of

the pyramid - 4.

NO MORE RAMPS

THE BUILDING OF THE PYRAMIDS USING SLEDGES ON TRACKS AND The building of the pyramids using sledges on tracks and rope rolls. Details of the sledge and the tracks, how the ropes had to be attached to the sledge and how it was hauled up the pyramid flank. Solution for transport problems - Mass production of sledges - Rolls on rails - Lubrication - Anchoring - Ropes - HOW TO CUT STONES, SPECIALLY WHAT TOOLS TO USE FOR HARD Details about how to cut stones, specially what tools to use for hard granite stones. Franz Löhner thinks, that only forged iron chisels can cut through the hard granite. Franz Löhner doesn't allege, that the ancient Egyptians already knew the difficult and elaborate procedure of making wrought iron - but, that they acquired the valuable iron by trading. THE BUILDING OF THE GREAT PYRAMID OF KHUFU (CHEOPS) INSEE MORE ON

CHEOPS-PYRAMIDE.CH

THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE KHUFU PYRAMID (OVERVIEW WITH The construction of the first 30 meters of the pyramid is the most labor-intensive time, because over 50% of the total volume was built, over 3 million tons of stone were used. On the southern side of the pyramid 5 tracks go up the pyramid flank (better even 5 tracks on each side of the pyramid). DIMENSIONS OF THE CHEOPS (KHUFU) PYRAMID AND BUILDING Dimensions of the Cheops (Khufu) pyramid, building materials involved. Calculations about the time necessary to build the pyramid and how many blocks had to be hauled up the pyramid per minute. The pyramid of Khufu - Output / performance - Building material - Dimensions of the

pyramid -

SURVEY AND THE ALIGNMENT OF THE KHUFU PYRAMID THE OUTER STONES (CASING) FOR THE KHUFU PYRAMID The outer stones (casing) A new method by Franz Löhner. A special visual impact was created by using white outer Tura stones. Franz Löhner postulates, that these outer stones were an integral part of the pyramid and not only a mantle or shell added. PYRAMID BUILDING: DESCRIPTION OF THE MOST WELL KNOWN RAMP Pyramid building: Description of several ramp modells and other devices suggested for lifting material to build the Pyramids of Egypt. Their major drawbacks and problems. A novel and simple solution to these problems is suggested by Franz Löhner - lifting the stone blocks with a rope roll. Rope roll - 5 requirements - Winding ramp - Straight-on ramp - Zigzag ramp - Internal ramp - Combination STONE COURSES OF THE PYRAMID OF KHUFU (TABLE AND ACCURATE Stone courses of the Pyramid of Khufu in tabular form and as an illustration (The levels of the stone courses of Khufu's Pyramid are correct to 1/4 meters). All numbers are transcribed from W. Petrie. 1. Accumulation of thicker stone courses - 2. Possible location of the rope-roll stations - 3. Thicker layers also in the upper regions of

the pyramid - 4.

NO MORE RAMPS

THE BUILDING OF THE PYRAMIDS USING SLEDGES ON TRACKS AND The building of the pyramids using sledges on tracks and rope rolls. Details of the sledge and the tracks, how the ropes had to be attached to the sledge and how it was hauled up the pyramid flank. Solution for transport problems - Mass production of sledges - Rolls on rails - Lubrication - Anchoring - Ropes - HOW TO CUT STONES, SPECIALLY WHAT TOOLS TO USE FOR HARD Details about how to cut stones, specially what tools to use for hard granite stones. Franz Löhner thinks, that only forged iron chisels can cut through the hard granite. Franz Löhner doesn't allege, that the ancient Egyptians already knew the difficult and elaborate procedure of making wrought iron - but, that they acquired the valuable iron by trading. THE BUILDING YARD OF THE KHUFU PYRAMID (CHEOPS PYRAMID) The building yard of the Khufu pyramid (Cheops pyramid). The building yard as the center of the whole pyramid construction project, where all assignments are planned and coordinated and all the important decisions are made. The route of each stone had to be scheduled and its shape and size and its intended place on the pyramid had to be

decided.

TABLE OF CONTENTS: PYRAMID CONSTRUCTION WITH THE HELP OF The building of the pyramids with rope rolls - a new method by Franz Löhner. The ropes are attached to the stone block on a sledge and slung up and over the reel and back down. The workers didn't pull the stone up but were walking down and by pulling the attached rope the stone was carried up. Thus the workers were using their own weight in addition to their strength to pull the stone. PYRAMID BUILDING: DESCRIPTION OF THE MOST WELL KNOWN RAMP Pyramid building: Description of several ramp modells and other devices suggested for lifting material to build the Pyramids of Egypt. Their major drawbacks and problems. A novel and simple solution to these problems is suggested by Franz Löhner - lifting the stone blocks with a rope roll. Rope roll - 5 requirements - Winding ramp - Straight-on ramp - Zigzag ramp - Internal ramp - Combination THE BUILDING OF THE PYRAMIDS USING SLEDGES ON TRACKS AND The building of the pyramids using sledges on tracks and rope rolls. Details of the sledge and the tracks, how the ropes had to be attached to the sledge and how it was hauled up the pyramid flank. Solution for transport problems - Mass production of sledges - Rolls on rails - Lubrication - Anchoring - Ropes - LINKS ABOUT PYRAMIDS AND PYRAMID BUILDING Links about pyramid construction. Scientific links - Museums and institutes - Photos and Paintings of pyramids - Harebrained theories about how the pyramids were built. Scientific links. The Giza plateau mapping project (GPMP) - Computer-models if the Giza plateau. STONE COURSES OF THE PYRAMID OF KHUFU (TABLE AND ACCURATE Stone courses of the Pyramid of Khufu in tabular form and as an illustration (The levels of the stone courses of Khufu's Pyramid are correct to 1/4 meters). All numbers are transcribed from W. Petrie. 1. Accumulation of thicker stone courses - 2. Possible location of the rope-roll stations - 3. Thicker layers also in the upper regions of

the pyramid - 4.

PYTHAGOREAN TRIPLE AND THE DIMENSIONS OF THE KHUFU PYRAMID Pythagorean triple. Back to the page about surveying and measuring the Cheops pyramids. A Pythagorean triple is a set of three positive whole

numbers a,

HOW MANY WORKERS WERE NECESSARY TO BUILD THE PYRAMID? Franz Löhner suggests a total of 7000 men necessary to build the pyramid. Quarrying stones, transporting them on boats from as far away as Aswan and then hauling them up to the pyramid. Rope rolls were used to haul the blocks up the flank of the pyramid. Stone quarries - Transport by boat - Transport on land - Inspecting and fitting the stones in the building yard - Up the flank of the STONE QUARRIES IN ANCIENT EGYPT. DETAILS ABOUT THE GIZA Stone quarries in ancient Egypt. Details about the stones used for the construction of the Great Pyramids of Giseh. The Giza quarries, the granite quarries in Assuan and the Tura limestone quarries. Maps and illustrations. How were the stones bevelled and the precise angle achieved? Properties of the stones - Aswan stone quarries (granite) - Tura stone quarries (limestone) - Giza stone LIFTING THE GRANITE BLOCKS WITH A HEAVY DUTY TRACK SYSTEM Lifting the granite blocks with a heavy duty track system with counter weights and rope rolls. No huge construction ramps were necessary. Solution for transport problems - Harbor to pyramid - Large standard sized blocks as counterweights - Exact method of operation - Placement of components - Starting the stones - Up the pyramid flank - Position of rope-roll-stations - Intermediate rope roll THE BUILDING OF THE GREAT PYRAMID OF KHUFU (CHEOPS) INSEE MORE ON

CHEOPS-PYRAMIDE.CH

DIMENSIONS OF THE CHEOPS (KHUFU) PYRAMID AND BUILDINGCHEOPS PYRAMIDWORKING GRANITEQUARRYING STONES FOR THE PYRAMIDA NEW METHOD BY

FRANZ LÖHNER

Dimensions of the Cheops (Khufu) pyramid, building materials involved. Calculations about the time necessary to build the pyramid and how many blocks had to be hauled up the pyramid per minute. The pyramid of Khufu - Output / performance - Building material - Dimensions of the

pyramid -

THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE KHUFU PYRAMID (OVERVIEW WITH The construction of the first 30 meters of the pyramid is the most labor-intensive time, because over 50% of the total volume was built, over 3 million tons of stone were used. On the southern side of the pyramid 5 tracks go up the pyramid flank (better even 5 tracks on each side of the pyramid). PYRAMIDENBAU MIT SEILROLLEN DIREKT AUF DER …TRANSLATE THIS PAGE Wie wurde die Cheops-Pyramide erbaut? Pyramidenbau nach den Methoden von Franz Löhner: die riesigen Steinquader für den Bau der Pyramide wurden auf Schlitten von Schleppgespannen direkt die Pyramidenflanke hochgezogen. An den Schlitten sind Seile befestigt, die mit einer Seilrolle umgelenkt werden. Dadurch ziehen die Schleppmannschaften auf einer schiefen Ebene unter Einsatz ihres STONE COURSES OF THE PYRAMID OF KHUFU (TABLE AND ACCURATE Stone courses of the Pyramid of Khufu in tabular form and as an illustration (The levels of the stone courses of Khufu's Pyramid are correct to 1/4 meters). All numbers are transcribed from W. Petrie. 1. Accumulation of thicker stone courses - 2. Possible location of the rope-roll stations - 3. Thicker layers also in the upper regions of

the pyramid - 4.

THE OUTER STONES (CASING) FOR THE KHUFU PYRAMID The outer stones (casing) A new method by Franz Löhner. A special visual impact was created by using white outer Tura stones. Franz Löhner postulates, that these outer stones were an integral part of the pyramid and not only a mantle or shell added. PYRAMID BUILDING: DESCRIPTION OF THE MOST WELL KNOWN RAMP Pyramid building: Description of several ramp modells and other devices suggested for lifting material to build the Pyramids of Egypt. Their major drawbacks and problems. A novel and simple solution to these problems is suggested by Franz Löhner - lifting the stone blocks with a rope roll. Rope roll - 5 requirements - Winding ramp - Straight-on ramp - Zigzag ramp - Internal ramp - Combination HOW MANY WORKERS WERE NECESSARY TO BUILD THE PYRAMID? Franz Löhner suggests a total of 7000 men necessary to build the pyramid. Quarrying stones, transporting them on boats from as far away as Aswan and then hauling them up to the pyramid. Rope rolls were used to haul the blocks up the flank of the pyramid. Stone quarries - Transport by boat - Transport on land - Inspecting and fitting the stones in the building yard - Up the flank of the THE BUILDING OF THE PYRAMIDS USING SLEDGES ON TRACKS AND The building of the pyramids using sledges on tracks and rope rolls. Details of the sledge and the tracks, how the ropes had to be attached to the sledge and how it was hauled up the pyramid flank. Solution for transport problems - Mass production of sledges - Rolls on rails - Lubrication - Anchoring - Ropes - HOW TO CUT STONES, SPECIALLY WHAT TOOLS TO USE FOR HARD Details about how to cut stones, specially what tools to use for hard granite stones. Franz Löhner thinks, that only forged iron chisels can cut through the hard granite. Franz Löhner doesn't allege, that the ancient Egyptians already knew the difficult and elaborate procedure of making wrought iron - but, that they acquired the valuable iron by trading. THE BUILDING OF THE GREAT PYRAMID OF KHUFU (CHEOPS) INSEE MORE ON

CHEOPS-PYRAMIDE.CH

DIMENSIONS OF THE CHEOPS (KHUFU) PYRAMID AND BUILDINGCHEOPS PYRAMIDWORKING GRANITEQUARRYING STONES FOR THE PYRAMIDA NEW METHOD BY

FRANZ LÖHNER

Dimensions of the Cheops (Khufu) pyramid, building materials involved. Calculations about the time necessary to build the pyramid and how many blocks had to be hauled up the pyramid per minute. The pyramid of Khufu - Output / performance - Building material - Dimensions of the

pyramid -

THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE KHUFU PYRAMID (OVERVIEW WITH The construction of the first 30 meters of the pyramid is the most labor-intensive time, because over 50% of the total volume was built, over 3 million tons of stone were used. On the southern side of the pyramid 5 tracks go up the pyramid flank (better even 5 tracks on each side of the pyramid). PYRAMIDENBAU MIT SEILROLLEN DIREKT AUF DER …TRANSLATE THIS PAGE Wie wurde die Cheops-Pyramide erbaut? Pyramidenbau nach den Methoden von Franz Löhner: die riesigen Steinquader für den Bau der Pyramide wurden auf Schlitten von Schleppgespannen direkt die Pyramidenflanke hochgezogen. An den Schlitten sind Seile befestigt, die mit einer Seilrolle umgelenkt werden. Dadurch ziehen die Schleppmannschaften auf einer schiefen Ebene unter Einsatz ihres STONE COURSES OF THE PYRAMID OF KHUFU (TABLE AND ACCURATE Stone courses of the Pyramid of Khufu in tabular form and as an illustration (The levels of the stone courses of Khufu's Pyramid are correct to 1/4 meters). All numbers are transcribed from W. Petrie. 1. Accumulation of thicker stone courses - 2. Possible location of the rope-roll stations - 3. Thicker layers also in the upper regions of

the pyramid - 4.

THE OUTER STONES (CASING) FOR THE KHUFU PYRAMID The outer stones (casing) A new method by Franz Löhner. A special visual impact was created by using white outer Tura stones. Franz Löhner postulates, that these outer stones were an integral part of the pyramid and not only a mantle or shell added. PYRAMID BUILDING: DESCRIPTION OF THE MOST WELL KNOWN RAMP Pyramid building: Description of several ramp modells and other devices suggested for lifting material to build the Pyramids of Egypt. Their major drawbacks and problems. A novel and simple solution to these problems is suggested by Franz Löhner - lifting the stone blocks with a rope roll. Rope roll - 5 requirements - Winding ramp - Straight-on ramp - Zigzag ramp - Internal ramp - Combination HOW MANY WORKERS WERE NECESSARY TO BUILD THE PYRAMID? Franz Löhner suggests a total of 7000 men necessary to build the pyramid. Quarrying stones, transporting them on boats from as far away as Aswan and then hauling them up to the pyramid. Rope rolls were used to haul the blocks up the flank of the pyramid. Stone quarries - Transport by boat - Transport on land - Inspecting and fitting the stones in the building yard - Up the flank of the THE BUILDING OF THE PYRAMIDS USING SLEDGES ON TRACKS AND The building of the pyramids using sledges on tracks and rope rolls. Details of the sledge and the tracks, how the ropes had to be attached to the sledge and how it was hauled up the pyramid flank. Solution for transport problems - Mass production of sledges - Rolls on rails - Lubrication - Anchoring - Ropes - HOW TO CUT STONES, SPECIALLY WHAT TOOLS TO USE FOR HARD Details about how to cut stones, specially what tools to use for hard granite stones. Franz Löhner thinks, that only forged iron chisels can cut through the hard granite. Franz Löhner doesn't allege, that the ancient Egyptians already knew the difficult and elaborate procedure of making wrought iron - but, that they acquired the valuable iron by trading. PYRAMIDENBAU MIT SEILROLLEN DIREKT AUF DER …TRANSLATE THIS PAGE Wie wurde die Cheops-Pyramide erbaut? Pyramidenbau nach den Methoden von Franz Löhner: die riesigen Steinquader für den Bau der Pyramide wurden auf Schlitten von Schleppgespannen direkt die Pyramidenflanke hochgezogen. An den Schlitten sind Seile befestigt, die mit einer Seilrolle umgelenkt werden. Dadurch ziehen die Schleppmannschaften auf einer schiefen Ebene unter Einsatz ihres THE BUILDING YARD OF THE KHUFU PYRAMID (CHEOPS PYRAMID) The building yard of the Khufu pyramid (Cheops pyramid). The building yard as the center of the whole pyramid construction project, where all assignments are planned and coordinated and all the important decisions are made. The route of each stone had to be scheduled and its shape and size and its intended place on the pyramid had to be

decided.

SURVEY AND THE ALIGNMENT OF THE KHUFU PYRAMID The building of the great pyramid of Khufu (Cheops) - a theory of Franz Löhner. Orientation and layout of the Pyramid platform, survey and controlling, Possible problems if certain factors (angle of inclination, angle of ridge etc.) were not taken in consideration. The Egyptian seked. The 12-knot-ropes of the harpedonaptai. Survey and controlling - Obtaining a pyramid shape - Possible PYRAMID BUILDING: DESCRIPTION OF THE MOST WELL KNOWN RAMP Pyramid building: Description of several ramp modells and other devices suggested for lifting material to build the Pyramids of Egypt. Their major drawbacks and problems. A novel and simple solution to these problems is suggested by Franz Löhner - lifting the stone blocks with a rope roll. Rope roll - 5 requirements - Winding ramp - Straight-on ramp - Zigzag ramp - Internal ramp - Combination HOW MANY WORKERS WERE NECESSARY TO BUILD THE PYRAMID? Franz Löhner suggests a total of 7000 men necessary to build the pyramid. Quarrying stones, transporting them on boats from as far away as Aswan and then hauling them up to the pyramid. Rope rolls were used to haul the blocks up the flank of the pyramid. Stone quarries - Transport by boat - Transport on land - Inspecting and fitting the stones in the building yard - Up the flank of the STONE COURSES OF THE PYRAMID OF KHUFU (TABLE AND ACCURATE Stone courses of the Pyramid of Khufu in tabular form and as an illustration (The levels of the stone courses of Khufu's Pyramid are correct to 1/4 meters). All numbers are transcribed from W. Petrie. 1. Accumulation of thicker stone courses - 2. Possible location of the rope-roll stations - 3. Thicker layers also in the upper regions of

the pyramid - 4.

NO MORE RAMPS

Theories of pyramid ramp systems refuted. Their 7 major drawbacks and problems. The situation at the giza plateau -what kind of gradients had to be surmounted? A novel and simple solution to these problems is suggested by Franz Löhner - lifting the stone blocks with a rope roll. The rope roll - Five requirements - The main problems of all ramp - What has been found? INFORMATIONEN UND ZAHLENMATERIAL ZUR …TRANSLATE THIS PAGE Die Grosse Galerie ist ein sehr eindrucksvolles Bauwerk. Sie ist 46.71m lang, die Decke ist 8.74m hoch und die Wände sind aus Granit gebaut. Das Dach bildet einen 26°-Winkel und enthält sieben Kragstufen. Der Einbau dieser grossen Granitsteine war mit einem Schwerlastenaufzug nach Franz Löhner kein Problem. THEORIEN ZUM PYRAMIDENBAU WIDERLEGT! DIE …TRANSLATE THIS PAGE Theorien zum Pyramidenbau widerlegt! Hauptprobleme der Innenrampe (innere Seitenrampe). Die Gänge und Kammern im Innern der Pyramide können so schwerlich gebaut werden. Wenn die Rampe zu schmal wird muss doch noch eine Aussenrampe gebaut werden. Diese Rampe wird am Schluss extrem schmal und steil (wenig unter den 52° der

Seitenfläche)!

STEINTRANSPORT FÜR DIE PYRAMIDEN MIT SCHLITTEN AUFTRANSLATE THIS PAGE Pyramidenbau: Steintransport unter Verwendung von Schlitten auf Schlitten auf Geleisen und dem Einsatz von Seilrollenböcken. Methoden von Franz Löhner. Detailinformationen zum Aussehen der einfachen Schlitten, die für die 500 Steine täglich gebraucht wurden, die in de Pyramide verbaut wurden. Schmiermittel, verwendete Seile,

Schleppvorrichtung.

THE BUILDING OF THE GREAT PYRAMID OF KHUFU (CHEOPS) INSEE MORE ON

CHEOPS-PYRAMIDE.CH

DIMENSIONS OF THE CHEOPS (KHUFU) PYRAMID AND BUILDINGCHEOPS PYRAMIDWORKING GRANITEQUARRYING STONES FOR THE PYRAMIDA NEW METHOD BY

FRANZ LÖHNER

Dimensions of the Cheops (Khufu) pyramid, building materials involved. Calculations about the time necessary to build the pyramid and how many blocks had to be hauled up the pyramid per minute. The pyramid of Khufu - Output / performance - Building material - Dimensions of the

pyramid -

THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE KHUFU PYRAMID (OVERVIEW WITH The construction of the Khufu pyramid using rope rolls. Overview with illustrations and detailed description. Illustrations of the construction steps. Stone quarries and transport down the Nile - Transport on land - The pyramid building yard - Planning the construction project - Construction steps - SURVEY AND THE ALIGNMENT OF THE KHUFU PYRAMID THE OUTER STONES (CASING) FOR THE KHUFU PYRAMID The outer stones (casing) A new method by Franz Löhner. A special visual impact was created by using white outer Tura stones. Franz Löhner postulates, that these outer stones were an integral part of the pyramid and not only a mantle or shell added. STONE COURSES OF THE PYRAMID OF KHUFU (TABLE AND ACCURATE Stone courses of the Pyramid of Khufu in tabular form and as an illustration (The levels of the stone courses of Khufu's Pyramid are correct to 1/4 meters). All numbers are transcribed from W. Petrie. 1. Accumulation of thicker stone courses - 2. Possible location of the rope-roll stations - 3. Thicker layers also in the upper regions of

the pyramid - 4.

PYRAMID BUILDING: DESCRIPTION OF THE MOST WELL KNOWN RAMP Pyramid building: Description of several ramp modells and other devices suggested for lifting material to build the Pyramids of Egypt. Their major drawbacks and problems. A novel and simple solution to these problems is suggested by Franz Löhner - lifting the stone blocks with a rope roll. Rope roll - 5 requirements - Winding ramp - Straight-on ramp - Zigzag ramp - Internal ramp - Combination

NO MORE RAMPS

THE BUILDING OF THE PYRAMIDS USING SLEDGES ON TRACKS AND The building of the pyramids using sledges on tracks and rope rolls. Details of the sledge and the tracks, how the ropes had to be attached to the sledge and how it was hauled up the pyramid flank. Solution for transport problems - Mass production of sledges - Rolls on rails - Lubrication - Anchoring - Ropes - HOW TO CUT STONES, SPECIALLY WHAT TOOLS TO USE FOR HARD Details about how to cut stones, specially what tools to use for hard granite stones. Franz Löhner thinks, that only forged iron chisels can cut through the hard granite. Franz Löhner doesn't allege, that the ancient Egyptians already knew the difficult and elaborate procedure of making wrought iron - but, that they acquired the valuable iron by trading. THE BUILDING OF THE GREAT PYRAMID OF KHUFU (CHEOPS) INSEE MORE ON

CHEOPS-PYRAMIDE.CH

DIMENSIONS OF THE CHEOPS (KHUFU) PYRAMID AND BUILDINGCHEOPS PYRAMIDWORKING GRANITEQUARRYING STONES FOR THE PYRAMIDA NEW METHOD BY

FRANZ LÖHNER

Dimensions of the Cheops (Khufu) pyramid, building materials involved. Calculations about the time necessary to build the pyramid and how many blocks had to be hauled up the pyramid per minute. The pyramid of Khufu - Output / performance - Building material - Dimensions of the

pyramid -

THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE KHUFU PYRAMID (OVERVIEW WITH The construction of the Khufu pyramid using rope rolls. Overview with illustrations and detailed description. Illustrations of the construction steps. Stone quarries and transport down the Nile - Transport on land - The pyramid building yard - Planning the construction project - Construction steps - SURVEY AND THE ALIGNMENT OF THE KHUFU PYRAMID THE OUTER STONES (CASING) FOR THE KHUFU PYRAMID The outer stones (casing) A new method by Franz Löhner. A special visual impact was created by using white outer Tura stones. Franz Löhner postulates, that these outer stones were an integral part of the pyramid and not only a mantle or shell added. STONE COURSES OF THE PYRAMID OF KHUFU (TABLE AND ACCURATE Stone courses of the Pyramid of Khufu in tabular form and as an illustration (The levels of the stone courses of Khufu's Pyramid are correct to 1/4 meters). All numbers are transcribed from W. Petrie. 1. Accumulation of thicker stone courses - 2. Possible location of the rope-roll stations - 3. Thicker layers also in the upper regions of

the pyramid - 4.

PYRAMID BUILDING: DESCRIPTION OF THE MOST WELL KNOWN RAMP Pyramid building: Description of several ramp modells and other devices suggested for lifting material to build the Pyramids of Egypt. Their major drawbacks and problems. A novel and simple solution to these problems is suggested by Franz Löhner - lifting the stone blocks with a rope roll. Rope roll - 5 requirements - Winding ramp - Straight-on ramp - Zigzag ramp - Internal ramp - Combination

NO MORE RAMPS

THE BUILDING OF THE PYRAMIDS USING SLEDGES ON TRACKS AND The building of the pyramids using sledges on tracks and rope rolls. Details of the sledge and the tracks, how the ropes had to be attached to the sledge and how it was hauled up the pyramid flank. Solution for transport problems - Mass production of sledges - Rolls on rails - Lubrication - Anchoring - Ropes - HOW TO CUT STONES, SPECIALLY WHAT TOOLS TO USE FOR HARD Details about how to cut stones, specially what tools to use for hard granite stones. Franz Löhner thinks, that only forged iron chisels can cut through the hard granite. Franz Löhner doesn't allege, that the ancient Egyptians already knew the difficult and elaborate procedure of making wrought iron - but, that they acquired the valuable iron by trading. PYRAMIDENBAU MIT SEILROLLEN DIREKT AUF DER …TRANSLATE THIS PAGE Wie wurde die Cheops-Pyramide erbaut? Pyramidenbau nach den Methoden von Franz Löhner: die riesigen Steinquader für den Bau der Pyramide wurden auf Schlitten von Schleppgespannen direkt die Pyramidenflanke hochgezogen. An den Schlitten sind Seile befestigt, die mit einer Seilrolle umgelenkt werden. Dadurch ziehen die Schleppmannschaften auf einer schiefen Ebene unter Einsatz ihres THE BUILDING YARD OF THE KHUFU PYRAMID (CHEOPS PYRAMID) The building yard of the Khufu pyramid (Cheops pyramid). The building yard as the center of the whole pyramid construction project, where all assignments are planned and coordinated and all the important decisions are made. The route of each stone had to be scheduled and its shape and size and its intended place on the pyramid had to be

decided.

NO MORE RAMPS

Theories of pyramid ramp systems refuted. Their 7 major drawbacks and problems. The situation at the giza plateau -what kind of gradients had to be surmounted? A novel and simple solution to these problems is suggested by Franz Löhner - lifting the stone blocks with a rope roll. The rope roll - Five requirements - The main problems of all ramp - What has been found? TABLE OF CONTENTS: PYRAMID CONSTRUCTION WITH THE HELP OF The building of the pyramids with rope rolls - a new method by Franz Löhner. The ropes are attached to the stone block on a sledge and slung up and over the reel and back down. The workers didn't pull the stone up but were walking down and by pulling the attached rope the stone was carried up. Thus the workers were using their own weight in addition to their strength to pull the stone. HOW WAS THE PYRAMIDION PUT ON TOP OF THE PYRAMID OF KHUFU? How was the pyramidion put on top of the pyramid? Franz Löhner thinks, that like the other stone blocks it was hauled up the flank of the pyramid with the help of rope rolls and since the outer stones have been polished during the entire construction process, the pyramid is completed at the moment, when the pyramidion is placed on top! STONE COURSES OF THE PYRAMID OF KHUFU (TABLE AND ACCURATE Stone courses of the Pyramid of Khufu in tabular form and as an illustration (The levels of the stone courses of Khufu's Pyramid are correct to 1/4 meters). All numbers are transcribed from W. Petrie. 1. Accumulation of thicker stone courses - 2. Possible location of the rope-roll stations - 3. Thicker layers also in the upper regions of

the pyramid - 4.

LINKS ABOUT PYRAMIDS AND PYRAMID BUILDING Links about pyramid construction. Scientific links - Museums and institutes - Photos and Paintings of pyramids - Harebrained theories about how the pyramids were built. Scientific links. The Giza plateau mapping project (GPMP) - Computer-models if the Giza plateau. STONE QUARRIES IN ANCIENT EGYPT. DETAILS ABOUT THE GIZA Stone quarries in ancient Egypt. Details about the stones used for the construction of the Great Pyramids of Giseh. The Giza quarries, the granite quarries in Assuan and the Tura limestone quarries. Maps and illustrations. How were the stones bevelled and the precise angle achieved? Properties of the stones - Aswan stone quarries (granite) - Tura stone quarries (limestone) - Giza stone HOW MANY WORKERS WERE NECESSARY TO BUILD THE PYRAMID? Franz Löhner suggests a total of 7000 men necessary to build the pyramid. Quarrying stones, transporting them on boats from as far away as Aswan and then hauling them up to the pyramid. Rope rolls were used to haul the blocks up the flank of the pyramid. Stone quarries - Transport by boat - Transport on land - Inspecting and fitting the stones in the building yard - Up the flank of the BUILDING THE PYRAMIDS WITH THE HELP OF A ROPE ROLL Details of the rope roll which can be used to build a pyramid. The rope roll is basically a small wooden stand made with planks and a movable beam with copper bearings over which a rope can be deflected and turned around. Pairs of these rope rolls are installed on the inclined plane of the pyramid. The rope is deflected, so the haulers can walk down and pull the stone up. THE BUILDING OF THE GREAT PYRAMID OF KHUFU (CHEOPS) INSEE MORE ON

CHEOPS-PYRAMIDE.CH

DIMENSIONS OF THE CHEOPS (KHUFU) PYRAMID AND BUILDINGCHEOPS PYRAMIDWORKING GRANITEQUARRYING STONES FOR THE PYRAMIDA NEW METHOD BY

FRANZ LÖHNER

Dimensions of the Cheops (Khufu) pyramid, building materials involved. Calculations about the time necessary to build the pyramid and how many blocks had to be hauled up the pyramid per minute. The pyramid of Khufu - Output / performance - Building material - Dimensions of the

pyramid -

THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE KHUFU PYRAMID (OVERVIEW WITH The construction of the Khufu pyramid using rope rolls. Overview with illustrations and detailed description. Illustrations of the construction steps. Stone quarries and transport down the Nile - Transport on land - The pyramid building yard - Planning the construction project - Construction steps - SURVEY AND THE ALIGNMENT OF THE KHUFU PYRAMID THE OUTER STONES (CASING) FOR THE KHUFU PYRAMID The outer stones (casing) A new method by Franz Löhner. A special visual impact was created by using white outer Tura stones. Franz Löhner postulates, that these outer stones were an integral part of the pyramid and not only a mantle or shell added. STONE COURSES OF THE PYRAMID OF KHUFU (TABLE AND ACCURATE Stone courses of the Pyramid of Khufu in tabular form and as an illustration (The levels of the stone courses of Khufu's Pyramid are correct to 1/4 meters). All numbers are transcribed from W. Petrie. 1. Accumulation of thicker stone courses - 2. Possible location of the rope-roll stations - 3. Thicker layers also in the upper regions of

the pyramid - 4.

PYRAMID BUILDING: DESCRIPTION OF THE MOST WELL KNOWN RAMP Pyramid building: Description of several ramp modells and other devices suggested for lifting material to build the Pyramids of Egypt. Their major drawbacks and problems. A novel and simple solution to these problems is suggested by Franz Löhner - lifting the stone blocks with a rope roll. Rope roll - 5 requirements - Winding ramp - Straight-on ramp - Zigzag ramp - Internal ramp - Combination

NO MORE RAMPS

THE BUILDING OF THE PYRAMIDS USING SLEDGES ON TRACKS AND The building of the pyramids using sledges on tracks and rope rolls. Details of the sledge and the tracks, how the ropes had to be attached to the sledge and how it was hauled up the pyramid flank. Solution for transport problems - Mass production of sledges - Rolls on rails - Lubrication - Anchoring - Ropes - HOW TO CUT STONES, SPECIALLY WHAT TOOLS TO USE FOR HARD Details about how to cut stones, specially what tools to use for hard granite stones. Franz Löhner thinks, that only forged iron chisels can cut through the hard granite. Franz Löhner doesn't allege, that the ancient Egyptians already knew the difficult and elaborate procedure of making wrought iron - but, that they acquired the valuable iron by trading. THE BUILDING OF THE GREAT PYRAMID OF KHUFU (CHEOPS) INSEE MORE ON

CHEOPS-PYRAMIDE.CH

DIMENSIONS OF THE CHEOPS (KHUFU) PYRAMID AND BUILDINGCHEOPS PYRAMIDWORKING GRANITEQUARRYING STONES FOR THE PYRAMIDA NEW METHOD BY

FRANZ LÖHNER

Dimensions of the Cheops (Khufu) pyramid, building materials involved. Calculations about the time necessary to build the pyramid and how many blocks had to be hauled up the pyramid per minute. The pyramid of Khufu - Output / performance - Building material - Dimensions of the

pyramid -

THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE KHUFU PYRAMID (OVERVIEW WITH The construction of the Khufu pyramid using rope rolls. Overview with illustrations and detailed description. Illustrations of the construction steps. Stone quarries and transport down the Nile - Transport on land - The pyramid building yard - Planning the construction project - Construction steps - SURVEY AND THE ALIGNMENT OF THE KHUFU PYRAMID THE OUTER STONES (CASING) FOR THE KHUFU PYRAMID The outer stones (casing) A new method by Franz Löhner. A special visual impact was created by using white outer Tura stones. Franz Löhner postulates, that these outer stones were an integral part of the pyramid and not only a mantle or shell added. STONE COURSES OF THE PYRAMID OF KHUFU (TABLE AND ACCURATE Stone courses of the Pyramid of Khufu in tabular form and as an illustration (The levels of the stone courses of Khufu's Pyramid are correct to 1/4 meters). All numbers are transcribed from W. Petrie. 1. Accumulation of thicker stone courses - 2. Possible location of the rope-roll stations - 3. Thicker layers also in the upper regions of

the pyramid - 4.

PYRAMID BUILDING: DESCRIPTION OF THE MOST WELL KNOWN RAMP Pyramid building: Description of several ramp modells and other devices suggested for lifting material to build the Pyramids of Egypt. Their major drawbacks and problems. A novel and simple solution to these problems is suggested by Franz Löhner - lifting the stone blocks with a rope roll. Rope roll - 5 requirements - Winding ramp - Straight-on ramp - Zigzag ramp - Internal ramp - Combination

NO MORE RAMPS

THE BUILDING OF THE PYRAMIDS USING SLEDGES ON TRACKS AND The building of the pyramids using sledges on tracks and rope rolls. Details of the sledge and the tracks, how the ropes had to be attached to the sledge and how it was hauled up the pyramid flank. Solution for transport problems - Mass production of sledges - Rolls on rails - Lubrication - Anchoring - Ropes - HOW TO CUT STONES, SPECIALLY WHAT TOOLS TO USE FOR HARD Details about how to cut stones, specially what tools to use for hard granite stones. Franz Löhner thinks, that only forged iron chisels can cut through the hard granite. Franz Löhner doesn't allege, that the ancient Egyptians already knew the difficult and elaborate procedure of making wrought iron - but, that they acquired the valuable iron by trading. THE BUILDING YARD OF THE KHUFU PYRAMID (CHEOPS PYRAMID) The building yard of the Khufu pyramid (Cheops pyramid). The building yard as the center of the whole pyramid construction project, where all assignments are planned and coordinated and all the important decisions are made. The route of each stone had to be scheduled and its shape and size and its intended place on the pyramid had to be

decided.

TABLE OF CONTENTS: PYRAMID CONSTRUCTION WITH THE HELP OF The building of the pyramids with rope rolls - a new method by Franz Löhner. The ropes are attached to the stone block on a sledge and slung up and over the reel and back down. The workers didn't pull the stone up but were walking down and by pulling the attached rope the stone was carried up. Thus the workers were using their own weight in addition to their strength to pull the stone.

NO MORE RAMPS

Theories of pyramid ramp systems refuted. Their 7 major drawbacks and problems. The situation at the giza plateau -what kind of gradients had to be surmounted? A novel and simple solution to these problems is suggested by Franz Löhner - lifting the stone blocks with a rope roll. The rope roll - Five requirements - The main problems of all ramp - What has been found? STONE COURSES OF THE PYRAMID OF KHUFU (TABLE AND ACCURATE Stone courses of the Pyramid of Khufu in tabular form and as an illustration (The levels of the stone courses of Khufu's Pyramid are correct to 1/4 meters). All numbers are transcribed from W. Petrie. 1. Accumulation of thicker stone courses - 2. Possible location of the rope-roll stations - 3. Thicker layers also in the upper regions of

the pyramid - 4.

LINKS ABOUT PYRAMIDS AND PYRAMID BUILDING Links about pyramid construction. Scientific links - Museums and institutes - Photos and Paintings of pyramids - Harebrained theories about how the pyramids were built. Scientific links. The Giza plateau mapping project (GPMP) - Computer-models if the Giza plateau. HOW MANY WORKERS WERE NECESSARY TO BUILD THE PYRAMID? Franz Löhner suggests a total of 7000 men necessary to build the pyramid. Quarrying stones, transporting them on boats from as far away as Aswan and then hauling them up to the pyramid. Rope rolls were used to haul the blocks up the flank of the pyramid. Stone quarries - Transport by boat - Transport on land - Inspecting and fitting the stones in the building yard - Up the flank of the STONE QUARRIES IN ANCIENT EGYPT. DETAILS ABOUT THE GIZA Stone quarries in ancient Egypt. Details about the stones used for the construction of the Great Pyramids of Giseh. The Giza quarries, the granite quarries in Assuan and the Tura limestone quarries. Maps and illustrations. How were the stones bevelled and the precise angle achieved? Properties of the stones - Aswan stone quarries (granite) - Tura stone quarries (limestone) - Giza stone BUILDING THE PYRAMIDS WITH THE HELP OF A ROPE ROLL Details of the rope roll which can be used to build a pyramid. The rope roll is basically a small wooden stand made with planks and a movable beam with copper bearings over which a rope can be deflected and turned around. Pairs of these rope rolls are installed on the inclined plane of the pyramid. The rope is deflected, so the haulers can walk down and pull the stone up. LIFTING THE GRANITE BLOCKS WITH A HEAVY DUTY TRACK SYSTEM Lifting the granite blocks with a heavy duty track system with counter weights and rope rolls. No huge construction ramps were necessary. Solution for transport problems - Harbor to pyramid - Large standard sized blocks as counterweights - Exact method of operation - Placement of components - Starting the stones - Up the pyramid flank - Position of rope-roll-stations - Intermediate rope roll STEINTRANSPORT MIT HILFE VON SEILROLLEN UND OHNE DIETRANSLATE THIS

PAGE

Pyramidenbau nach den Methoden von Franz Löhner: die riesigen Steinquader für den Bau der Pyramide wurden auf Schlitten von Schleppgespannen direkt die Pyramidenflanke hochgezogen. An den Schlitten sind Seile befestigt, die mit einer Seilrolle umgelenkt werden. Dadurch ziehen die Schleppmannschaften auf einer schiefen Ebene unter Einsatz ihres Körpergewichts, nicht mit ihrer Kraft, die

Last

THE BUILDING OF THE GREAT PYRAMID OF KHUFU (CHEOPS) INSEE MORE ON

CHEOPS-PYRAMIDE.CH

DIMENSIONS OF THE CHEOPS (KHUFU) PYRAMID AND BUILDINGCHEOPS PYRAMIDWORKING GRANITEQUARRYING STONES FOR THE PYRAMIDA NEW METHOD BY

FRANZ LÖHNER

Dimensions of the Cheops (Khufu) pyramid, building materials involved. Calculations about the time necessary to build the pyramid and how many blocks had to be hauled up the pyramid per minute. The pyramid of Khufu - Output / performance - Building material - Dimensions of the

pyramid -

THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE KHUFU PYRAMID (OVERVIEW WITH The construction of the first 30 meters of the pyramid is the most labor-intensive time, because over 50% of the total volume was built, over 3 million tons of stone were used. On the southern side of the pyramid 5 tracks go up the pyramid flank (better even 5 tracks on each side of the pyramid). STONE COURSES OF THE PYRAMID OF KHUFU (TABLE AND ACCURATE Stone courses of the Pyramid of Khufu in tabular form and as an illustration (The levels of the stone courses of Khufu's Pyramid are correct to 1/4 meters). All numbers are transcribed from W. Petrie. 1. Accumulation of thicker stone courses - 2. Possible location of the rope-roll stations - 3. Thicker layers also in the upper regions of

the pyramid - 4.

HOW MANY WORKERS WERE NECESSARY TO BUILD THE PYRAMID? Franz Löhner suggests a total of 7000 men necessary to build the pyramid. Quarrying stones, transporting them on boats from as far away as Aswan and then hauling them up to the pyramid. Rope rolls were used to haul the blocks up the flank of the pyramid. Stone quarries - Transport by boat - Transport on land - Inspecting and fitting the stones in the building yard - Up the flank of the PYRAMID BUILDING: DESCRIPTION OF THE MOST WELL KNOWN RAMP Pyramid building: Description of several ramp modells and other devices suggested for lifting material to build the Pyramids of Egypt. Their major drawbacks and problems. A novel and simple solution to these problems is suggested by Franz Löhner - lifting the stone blocks with a rope roll. Rope roll - 5 requirements - Winding ramp - Straight-on ramp - Zigzag ramp - Internal ramp - Combination THE OUTER STONES (CASING) FOR THE KHUFU PYRAMID The outer stones (casing) A new method by Franz Löhner. A special visual impact was created by using white outer Tura stones. Franz Löhner postulates, that these outer stones were an integral part of the pyramid and not only a mantle or shell added. THE BUILDING OF THE PYRAMIDS USING SLEDGES ON TRACKS AND The building of the pyramids using sledges on tracks and rope rolls. Details of the sledge and the tracks, how the ropes had to be attached to the sledge and how it was hauled up the pyramid flank. Solution for transport problems - Mass production of sledges - Rolls on rails - Lubrication - Anchoring - Ropes - HOW TO CUT STONES, SPECIALLY WHAT TOOLS TO USE FOR HARD Details about how to cut stones, specially what tools to use for hard granite stones. Franz Löhner thinks, that only forged iron chisels can cut through the hard granite. Franz Löhner doesn't allege, that the ancient Egyptians already knew the difficult and elaborate procedure of making wrought iron - but, that they acquired the valuable iron by trading. THEORIEN ZUM PYRAMIDENBAU WIDERLEGT! DIE …TRANSLATE THIS PAGESEE MORE ON CHEOPS-PYRAMIDE.CH THE BUILDING OF THE GREAT PYRAMID OF KHUFU (CHEOPS) INSEE MORE ON

CHEOPS-PYRAMIDE.CH

DIMENSIONS OF THE CHEOPS (KHUFU) PYRAMID AND BUILDINGCHEOPS PYRAMIDWORKING GRANITEQUARRYING STONES FOR THE PYRAMIDA NEW METHOD BY

FRANZ LÖHNER

Dimensions of the Cheops (Khufu) pyramid, building materials involved. Calculations about the time necessary to build the pyramid and how many blocks had to be hauled up the pyramid per minute. The pyramid of Khufu - Output / performance - Building material - Dimensions of the

pyramid -

THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE KHUFU PYRAMID (OVERVIEW WITH The construction of the first 30 meters of the pyramid is the most labor-intensive time, because over 50% of the total volume was built, over 3 million tons of stone were used. On the southern side of the pyramid 5 tracks go up the pyramid flank (better even 5 tracks on each side of the pyramid). STONE COURSES OF THE PYRAMID OF KHUFU (TABLE AND ACCURATE Stone courses of the Pyramid of Khufu in tabular form and as an illustration (The levels of the stone courses of Khufu's Pyramid are correct to 1/4 meters). All numbers are transcribed from W. Petrie. 1. Accumulation of thicker stone courses - 2. Possible location of the rope-roll stations - 3. Thicker layers also in the upper regions of

the pyramid - 4.

HOW MANY WORKERS WERE NECESSARY TO BUILD THE PYRAMID? Franz Löhner suggests a total of 7000 men necessary to build the pyramid. Quarrying stones, transporting them on boats from as far away as Aswan and then hauling them up to the pyramid. Rope rolls were used to haul the blocks up the flank of the pyramid. Stone quarries - Transport by boat - Transport on land - Inspecting and fitting the stones in the building yard - Up the flank of the PYRAMID BUILDING: DESCRIPTION OF THE MOST WELL KNOWN RAMP Pyramid building: Description of several ramp modells and other devices suggested for lifting material to build the Pyramids of Egypt. Their major drawbacks and problems. A novel and simple solution to these problems is suggested by Franz Löhner - lifting the stone blocks with a rope roll. Rope roll - 5 requirements - Winding ramp - Straight-on ramp - Zigzag ramp - Internal ramp - Combination THE OUTER STONES (CASING) FOR THE KHUFU PYRAMID The outer stones (casing) A new method by Franz Löhner. A special visual impact was created by using white outer Tura stones. Franz Löhner postulates, that these outer stones were an integral part of the pyramid and not only a mantle or shell added. THE BUILDING OF THE PYRAMIDS USING SLEDGES ON TRACKS AND The building of the pyramids using sledges on tracks and rope rolls. Details of the sledge and the tracks, how the ropes had to be attached to the sledge and how it was hauled up the pyramid flank. Solution for transport problems - Mass production of sledges - Rolls on rails - Lubrication - Anchoring - Ropes - HOW TO CUT STONES, SPECIALLY WHAT TOOLS TO USE FOR HARD Details about how to cut stones, specially what tools to use for hard granite stones. Franz Löhner thinks, that only forged iron chisels can cut through the hard granite. Franz Löhner doesn't allege, that the ancient Egyptians already knew the difficult and elaborate procedure of making wrought iron - but, that they acquired the valuable iron by trading. THEORIEN ZUM PYRAMIDENBAU WIDERLEGT! DIE …TRANSLATE THIS PAGESEE MORE ON CHEOPS-PYRAMIDE.CH THE BUILDING YARD OF THE KHUFU PYRAMID (CHEOPS PYRAMID) The building yard of the Khufu pyramid (Cheops pyramid). The building yard as the center of the whole pyramid construction project, where all assignments are planned and coordinated and all the important decisions are made. The route of each stone had to be scheduled and its shape and size and its intended place on the pyramid had to be

decided.

SURVEY AND THE ALIGNMENT OF THE KHUFU PYRAMID The building of the great pyramid of Khufu (Cheops) - a theory of Franz Löhner. Orientation and layout of the Pyramid platform, survey and controlling, Possible problems if certain factors (angle of inclination, angle of ridge etc.) were not taken in consideration. The Egyptian seked. The 12-knot-ropes of the harpedonaptai. Survey and controlling - Obtaining a pyramid shape - Possible PYRAMID BUILDING: DESCRIPTION OF THE MOST WELL KNOWN RAMP Pyramid building: Description of several ramp modells and other devices suggested for lifting material to build the Pyramids of Egypt. Their major drawbacks and problems. A novel and simple solution to these problems is suggested by Franz Löhner - lifting the stone blocks with a rope roll. Rope roll - 5 requirements - Winding ramp - Straight-on ramp - Zigzag ramp - Internal ramp - Combination THE BUILDING OF THE PYRAMIDS USING SLEDGES ON TRACKS AND The building of the pyramids using sledges on tracks and rope rolls. Details of the sledge and the tracks, how the ropes had to be attached to the sledge and how it was hauled up the pyramid flank. Solution for transport problems - Mass production of sledges - Rolls on rails - Lubrication - Anchoring - Ropes -

NO MORE RAMPS

Theories of pyramid ramp systems refuted. Their 7 major drawbacks and problems. The situation at the giza plateau -what kind of gradients had to be surmounted? A novel and simple solution to these problems is suggested by Franz Löhner - lifting the stone blocks with a rope roll. The rope roll - Five requirements - The main problems of all ramp - What has been found? PYRAMIDENBAU MIT SEILROLLEN DIREKT AUF DER …TRANSLATE THIS PAGE Wie wurde die Cheops-Pyramide erbaut? Pyramidenbau nach den Methoden von Franz Löhner: die riesigen Steinquader für den Bau der Pyramide wurden auf Schlitten von Schleppgespannen direkt die Pyramidenflanke hochgezogen. An den Schlitten sind Seile befestigt, die mit einer Seilrolle umgelenkt werden. Dadurch ziehen die Schleppmannschaften auf einer schiefen Ebene unter Einsatz ihres INFORMATIONEN UND ZAHLENMATERIAL ZUR …TRANSLATE THIS PAGE Die Grosse Galerie ist ein sehr eindrucksvolles Bauwerk. Sie ist 46.71m lang, die Decke ist 8.74m hoch und die Wände sind aus Granit gebaut. Das Dach bildet einen 26°-Winkel und enthält sieben Kragstufen. Der Einbau dieser grossen Granitsteine war mit einem Schwerlastenaufzug nach Franz Löhner kein Problem. THEORIEN ZUM PYRAMIDENBAU WIDERLEGT! DIE …TRANSLATE THIS PAGE Theorien zum Pyramidenbau widerlegt! Hauptprobleme der Innenrampe (innere Seitenrampe). Die Gänge und Kammern im Innern der Pyramide können so schwerlich gebaut werden. Wenn die Rampe zu schmal wird muss doch noch eine Aussenrampe gebaut werden. Diese Rampe wird am Schluss extrem schmal und steil (wenig unter den 52° der

Seitenfläche)!

STEINTRANSPORT FÜR DIE PYRAMIDEN MIT SCHLITTEN AUFTRANSLATE THIS PAGE Pyramidenbau: Steintransport unter Verwendung von Schlitten auf Schlitten auf Geleisen und dem Einsatz von Seilrollenböcken. Methoden von Franz Löhner. Detailinformationen zum Aussehen der einfachen Schlitten, die für die 500 Steine täglich gebraucht wurden, die in de Pyramide verbaut wurden. Schmiermittel, verwendete Seile,

Schleppvorrichtung.

THEORIEN ZUM PYRAMIDENBAU WIDERLEGT! …TRANSLATE THIS PAGE Theorien zum Pyramidenbau widerlegt! Hauptprobleme von Rainer Stadelmanns Modell der kleinen Seitenrampen die mit Zwischenrampen und Zickzackrampen kombiniert werden (Kombimodell) . Vor lauter Rampen bauen kommt man gar nicht zum Pyramidenbauen! Gesamtvolumen zu gross, Wege zu kompliziert, speziell um die Ecken. THE BUILDING OF THE GREAT PYRAMID OF KHUFU (CHEOPS) INSEE MORE ON

CHEOPS-PYRAMIDE.CH

DIMENSIONS OF THE CHEOPS (KHUFU) PYRAMID AND BUILDINGCHEOPS PYRAMIDWORKING GRANITEQUARRYING STONES FOR THE PYRAMIDA NEW METHOD BY

FRANZ LÖHNER

Dimensions of the Cheops (Khufu) pyramid, building materials involved. Calculations about the time necessary to build the pyramid and how many blocks had to be hauled up the pyramid per minute. The pyramid of Khufu - Output / performance - Building material - Dimensions of the

pyramid -

THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE KHUFU PYRAMID (OVERVIEW WITH The construction of the first 30 meters of the pyramid is the most labor-intensive time, because over 50% of the total volume was built, over 3 million tons of stone were used. On the southern side of the pyramid 5 tracks go up the pyramid flank (better even 5 tracks on each side of the pyramid). STONE COURSES OF THE PYRAMID OF KHUFU (TABLE AND ACCURATE Stone courses of the Pyramid of Khufu in tabular form and as an illustration (The levels of the stone courses of Khufu's Pyramid are correct to 1/4 meters). All numbers are transcribed from W. Petrie. 1. Accumulation of thicker stone courses - 2. Possible location of the rope-roll stations - 3. Thicker layers also in the upper regions of

the pyramid - 4.

HOW MANY WORKERS WERE NECESSARY TO BUILD THE PYRAMID? Franz Löhner suggests a total of 7000 men necessary to build the pyramid. Quarrying stones, transporting them on boats from as far away as Aswan and then hauling them up to the pyramid. Rope rolls were used to haul the blocks up the flank of the pyramid. Stone quarries - Transport by boat - Transport on land - Inspecting and fitting the stones in the building yard - Up the flank of the PYRAMID BUILDING: DESCRIPTION OF THE MOST WELL KNOWN RAMP Pyramid building: Description of several ramp modells and other devices suggested for lifting material to build the Pyramids of Egypt. Their major drawbacks and problems. A novel and simple solution to these problems is suggested by Franz Löhner - lifting the stone blocks with a rope roll. Rope roll - 5 requirements - Winding ramp - Straight-on ramp - Zigzag ramp - Internal ramp - Combination THE OUTER STONES (CASING) FOR THE KHUFU PYRAMID The outer stones (casing) A new method by Franz Löhner. A special visual impact was created by using white outer Tura stones. Franz Löhner postulates, that these outer stones were an integral part of the pyramid and not only a mantle or shell added. THE BUILDING OF THE PYRAMIDS USING SLEDGES ON TRACKS AND The building of the pyramids using sledges on tracks and rope rolls. Details of the sledge and the tracks, how the ropes had to be attached to the sledge and how it was hauled up the pyramid flank. Solution for transport problems - Mass production of sledges - Rolls on rails - Lubrication - Anchoring - Ropes - HOW TO CUT STONES, SPECIALLY WHAT TOOLS TO USE FOR HARD Details about how to cut stones, specially what tools to use for hard granite stones. Franz Löhner thinks, that only forged iron chisels can cut through the hard granite. Franz Löhner doesn't allege, that the ancient Egyptians already knew the difficult and elaborate procedure of making wrought iron - but, that they acquired the valuable iron by trading. THEORIEN ZUM PYRAMIDENBAU WIDERLEGT! DIE HAUPTPROBLEME DERSEE MORE ON

CHEOPS-PYRAMIDE.CH

THE BUILDING OF THE GREAT PYRAMID OF KHUFU (CHEOPS) INSEE MORE ON

CHEOPS-PYRAMIDE.CH

DIMENSIONS OF THE CHEOPS (KHUFU) PYRAMID AND BUILDINGCHEOPS PYRAMIDWORKING GRANITEQUARRYING STONES FOR THE PYRAMIDA NEW METHOD BY

FRANZ LÖHNER

Dimensions of the Cheops (Khufu) pyramid, building materials involved. Calculations about the time necessary to build the pyramid and how many blocks had to be hauled up the pyramid per minute. The pyramid of Khufu - Output / performance - Building material - Dimensions of the

pyramid -

THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE KHUFU PYRAMID (OVERVIEW WITH The construction of the first 30 meters of the pyramid is the most labor-intensive time, because over 50% of the total volume was built, over 3 million tons of stone were used. On the southern side of the pyramid 5 tracks go up the pyramid flank (better even 5 tracks on each side of the pyramid). STONE COURSES OF THE PYRAMID OF KHUFU (TABLE AND ACCURATE Stone courses of the Pyramid of Khufu in tabular form and as an illustration (The levels of the stone courses of Khufu's Pyramid are correct to 1/4 meters). All numbers are transcribed from W. Petrie. 1. Accumulation of thicker stone courses - 2. Possible location of the rope-roll stations - 3. Thicker layers also in the upper regions of

the pyramid - 4.

HOW MANY WORKERS WERE NECESSARY TO BUILD THE PYRAMID? Franz Löhner suggests a total of 7000 men necessary to build the pyramid. Quarrying stones, transporting them on boats from as far away as Aswan and then hauling them up to the pyramid. Rope rolls were used to haul the blocks up the flank of the pyramid. Stone quarries - Transport by boat - Transport on land - Inspecting and fitting the stones in the building yard - Up the flank of the PYRAMID BUILDING: DESCRIPTION OF THE MOST WELL KNOWN RAMP Pyramid building: Description of several ramp modells and other devices suggested for lifting material to build the Pyramids of Egypt. Their major drawbacks and problems. A novel and simple solution to these problems is suggested by Franz Löhner - lifting the stone blocks with a rope roll. Rope roll - 5 requirements - Winding ramp - Straight-on ramp - Zigzag ramp - Internal ramp - Combination THE OUTER STONES (CASING) FOR THE KHUFU PYRAMID The outer stones (casing) A new method by Franz Löhner. A special visual impact was created by using white outer Tura stones. Franz Löhner postulates, that these outer stones were an integral part of the pyramid and not only a mantle or shell added. THE BUILDING OF THE PYRAMIDS USING SLEDGES ON TRACKS AND The building of the pyramids using sledges on tracks and rope rolls. Details of the sledge and the tracks, how the ropes had to be attached to the sledge and how it was hauled up the pyramid flank. Solution for transport problems - Mass production of sledges - Rolls on rails - Lubrication - Anchoring - Ropes - HOW TO CUT STONES, SPECIALLY WHAT TOOLS TO USE FOR HARD Details about how to cut stones, specially what tools to use for hard granite stones. Franz Löhner thinks, that only forged iron chisels can cut through the hard granite. Franz Löhner doesn't allege, that the ancient Egyptians already knew the difficult and elaborate procedure of making wrought iron - but, that they acquired the valuable iron by trading. THEORIEN ZUM PYRAMIDENBAU WIDERLEGT! DIE HAUPTPROBLEME DERSEE MORE ON

CHEOPS-PYRAMIDE.CH

THE BUILDING YARD OF THE KHUFU PYRAMID (CHEOPS PYRAMID) The building yard of the Khufu pyramid (Cheops pyramid). The building yard as the center of the whole pyramid construction project, where all assignments are planned and coordinated and all the important decisions are made. The route of each stone had to be scheduled and its shape and size and its intended place on the pyramid had to be

decided.

SURVEY AND THE ALIGNMENT OF THE KHUFU PYRAMID The building of the great pyramid of Khufu (Cheops) - a theory of Franz Löhner. Orientation and layout of the Pyramid platform, survey and controlling, Possible problems if certain factors (angle of inclination, angle of ridge etc.) were not taken in consideration. The Egyptian seked. The 12-knot-ropes of the harpedonaptai. Survey and controlling - Obtaining a pyramid shape - Possible PYRAMID BUILDING: DESCRIPTION OF THE MOST WELL KNOWN RAMP Pyramid building: Description of several ramp modells and other devices suggested for lifting material to build the Pyramids of Egypt. Their major drawbacks and problems. A novel and simple solution to these problems is suggested by Franz Löhner - lifting the stone blocks with a rope roll. Rope roll - 5 requirements - Winding ramp - Straight-on ramp - Zigzag ramp - Internal ramp - Combination THE BUILDING OF THE PYRAMIDS USING SLEDGES ON TRACKS AND The building of the pyramids using sledges on tracks and rope rolls. Details of the sledge and the tracks, how the ropes had to be attached to the sledge and how it was hauled up the pyramid flank. Solution for transport problems - Mass production of sledges - Rolls on rails - Lubrication - Anchoring - Ropes -

NO MORE RAMPS

Theories of pyramid ramp systems refuted. Their 7 major drawbacks and problems. The situation at the giza plateau -what kind of gradients had to be surmounted? A novel and simple solution to these problems is suggested by Franz Löhner - lifting the stone blocks with a rope roll. The rope roll - Five requirements - The main problems of all ramp - What has been found? PYRAMIDENBAU MIT SEILROLLEN DIREKT AUF DER PYRAMIDEFLANKE Wie wurde die Cheops-Pyramide erbaut? Pyramidenbau nach den Methoden von Franz Löhner: die riesigen Steinquader für den Bau der Pyramide wurden auf Schlitten von Schleppgespannen direkt die Pyramidenflanke hochgezogen. An den Schlitten sind Seile befestigt, die mit einer Seilrolle umgelenkt werden. Dadurch ziehen die Schleppmannschaften auf einer schiefen Ebene unter Einsatz ihres INFORMATIONEN UND ZAHLENMATERIAL ZUR KÖNIGSKAMMER UND DER Die Grosse Galerie ist ein sehr eindrucksvolles Bauwerk. Sie ist 46.71m lang, die Decke ist 8.74m hoch und die Wände sind aus Granit gebaut. Das Dach bildet einen 26°-Winkel und enthält sieben Kragstufen. Der Einbau dieser grossen Granitsteine war mit einem Schwerlastenaufzug nach Franz Löhner kein Problem. THEORIEN ZUM PYRAMIDENBAU WIDERLEGT! DIE HAUPTPROBLEME DER Theorien zum Pyramidenbau widerlegt! Hauptprobleme der Innenrampe (innere Seitenrampe). Die Gänge und Kammern im Innern der Pyramide können so schwerlich gebaut werden. Wenn die Rampe zu schmal wird muss doch noch eine Aussenrampe gebaut werden. Diese Rampe wird am Schluss extrem schmal und steil (wenig unter den 52° der

Seitenfläche)!

STEINTRANSPORT FÜR DIE PYRAMIDEN MIT SCHLITTEN AUF Pyramidenbau: Steintransport unter Verwendung von Schlitten auf Schlitten auf Geleisen und dem Einsatz von Seilrollenböcken. Methoden von Franz Löhner. Detailinformationen zum Aussehen der einfachen Schlitten, die für die 500 Steine täglich gebraucht wurden, die in de Pyramide verbaut wurden. Schmiermittel, verwendete Seile,

Schleppvorrichtung.

THEORIEN ZUM PYRAMIDENBAU WIDERLEGT! HAUPTPROBLEME VON Theorien zum Pyramidenbau widerlegt! Hauptprobleme von Rainer Stadelmanns Modell der kleinen Seitenrampen die mit Zwischenrampen und Zickzackrampen kombiniert werden (Kombimodell) . Vor lauter Rampen bauen kommt man gar nicht zum Pyramidenbauen! Gesamtvolumen zu gross, Wege zu kompliziert, speziell um die Ecken.

Startseite

Löhners Seilrolle

Schlitten auf Geleisen Pyramidenbau mit der Seilrolle

Schwerlastenaufzug

Pyramidion

Übersicht Pyramidenbau

Pyramiden-Baustelle

Bauhütte

Wie viele Arbeiter?

Schiffstransport

Steinbearbeitung

Äussere Steine

Innere Steine

Steinbrüche

Mathematik

Seilrolle: Reibung und Kraft Wie Pyramidenform erreichen? Vermessungstechniken

Arbeitsleistung

Cheops-Pyramide

Königskammer, Entlastungskammern, Grosse Galerie Rampenmodelle widerlegt

Wendelrampen

Seitenrampen

Zickzackrampen

Innenrampe

Kombimodelle

Maschinen

Kritische Fragen

5 Forderungen

an alle Modelle

Publikationen

Quellen

Links

Kontakt

Bayern

English

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Druckversion dieser Seite METHODEN VON FRANZ LÖHNER: PYRAMIDENBAU MIT HILFE VON SEILROLLENBÖCKEN DIREKT AUF DER

PYRAMIDENFLANKE

_SCHLUSS MIT DEN RIESIGEN TRANSPORTRAMPEN!_ Weshalb wird immer vom Geheimnis oder Rätsel der Pyramiden gesprochen und geschrieben? Weil sich nur Ägyptologen und Archäologen und weniger jemand, der die Modelle und Methoden auf ihre Praxistauglichkeit überprüft, mit dem Thema befasst haben. Franz Löhner ist ein Baupraktiker und präsentiert eine bestechend einfache Lösung für den Transport der riesigen Steinblöcke, einen sogenannten SEILROLLENBOCK. Seilrollenstation, Geleise und Schleppmannschaften auf der Pyramidenflanke (Illustration R. Zuberbühler)

Hier klicken

für ein

Bild mit Erklärungen / Hier klicken für grösseres Bild

(Druckversion)

HAUPTSEITEN VON WWW.CHEOPS-PYRAMIDE.CH Methoden von Franz Löhner: Löhners Seilrollenbock (Umlenkbock)

Steintransport mit

Schlitten auf Geleisen

Gleisanlage mit

Seilrollenstation auf der Pyramidenflanke

Steinbrechen und

Steinbearbeitung mit Kupfer- oder Eisenwerkzeugen? Übersicht Pyramidenbau: Schritt für Schritt vom Steinbruch bis zur

Pyramide

Die Bauphasen auf der

Pyramiden-Baustelle

GRUNDLEGENDE BERECHNUNGEN: Berechnungen zu Reibung, Zugkraft und Kraftaufwand (H. Illig / H.U. Niemitz)

ILLUSTRATION:

Seilrollen auf der

Pyramidenflanke eingesetzt FRANZ LÖHNERS METHODEN Franz Löhner schlägt Methoden vor, deren Ziel immer ist, jede der benötigten Arbeiten mit MÖGLICHST WENIG KRAFTAUFWAND UND UNTER SCHONUNG DER RESSOURCEN erledigen zu können. Am Beispiel des

Steintransports:

* Reibungsärmste Version des Transports mit Schlitten auf fest verlegten Geleisen gezogen * Möglichst kurze Wege Gleisanlage direkt auf der Pyramidenflanke

installiert

* Umlenkung der Kraft und damit zusätzlicher Einsatz des Eigengewichts der Schlepper durch Verwendung von Löhners Seilrollenbock (Umlenkbock) laufen die Schlepper hinunter, nicht

hinauf

* Koordiniertes Ziehen Schleppmannschaften laufen in Paaren mit einem Querholz vor der Brust und sie laufen neben und nicht auf den

Geleisen

* Möglichst wenig hebeln der Stein wird im Steinbruch nach Mass gebrochen und zugehauen, auf den Schlitten vertäut und bleibt darauf bis er oben auf dem Pyramidenplateau verlegt wird, erst jetzt wird er exakt an seinen vorgesehen Platz gehebelt * Ressourcen werden geschont kein zusätzlicher Bau von unnötigen riesigen Transportrampen LÖHNERS SEILROLLENBOCK (UMLENKBOCK) Gemäss der Methode von Franz Löhner werden die riesigen Steinquader für den Bau der Pyramide auf einfachen Schlitten festgezurrt. Direkt an den Flanken der Pyramide wird ein STEILES GELEISE hochgeführt, welche an herausstehenden Tura-Verkleidungsblöcken verankert ist. Neben den Schienen ist auf beiden Seiten ein LEITERWEG für die Schleppmannschaften installiert. Der Schlitten samt Stein wird auf den Geleisen hochgezogen. Vom Schlitten aus gehen zwei Seile zu je einem SEILROLLENBOCK hoch, der auf der Pyramidenflanke verankert und vertäut ist. An der Seilrolle werden die Seile umgelenkt, das heisst das Seil wird um ein bewegliches Querholz (= drehbare Querrolle oder Seilrolle) geführt. Die Schleppmannschaften (46 Mann für ein 2.5 Tonnen-Stein, siehe Berechnungen ) starten von hier oben und laufen mit einem Querholz vor der Brust die Leiterwege hinunter, das heisst in der Gegenrichtung zum transportierenden Stein. DADURCH ZIEHEN DIE SCHLEPPMANNSCHAFTEN AUF EINER SCHIEFEN EBENE VOR ALLEM UNTER EINSATZ IHRES KÖRPERGEWICHTS, ZUSÄTZLICH ZU IHRER KRAFT, DIE LAST HINAUF - INDEM SIE HINABMARSCHIEREN! Diese Technik erlaubt ein Arbeiten direkt auf der Pyramideflanke. Nur so kann das berechnete Arbeitsvolumen von einem 2.5-Tonnen-Stein pro Minute überhaupt bewältigt werden und das mit realistisch grossen Schleppmannschaften anstatt mit Hundertschaften! Berechnungen zu Reibung, Zugkraft und Kraftaufwand (H. Illig / H.U. Niemitz) Zum Vergrössern bitte auf das Kleinbild klicken (Fotos F. Löhner)

Seilrollenbock

Seilführung bei

einer Seilrollenstation

Einfacher Schlitten

aus Hölzern (Modell)

Steinbearbeitung

LÖHNERS SEILROLLE - IST DIE TECHNIK ZEITGEMÄSS?

Als "Seilrolle"

wird nur die eigentliche ROLLE bezeichnet. Die Rolle ist rund, hat einen Durchmesser von 14cm oder mehr und ist etwa 20cm breit. Sie ist links und rechts drehbar in einem Holzbock gelagert, den wir deshalb SEILROLLENBOCK oder UMLENKBOCK nennen. Die Rolle ist aus Holz, das Lager ist mit Kupfer ausgekleidet, damit sich die Rolle leichter drehen kann und wird natürlich gut geschmiert. Die Seilrolle verwendet das Prinzip der EINFACHEN UMLENKUNG oder ZUGUMSETZUNG OHNE ÜBERSETZUNG. Dies ist kein Flaschenzug, sondern eine einfache Seilführung um ein bewegliches Querholz, eben einer Seilrolle, und verwendet deshalb nicht das Prinzip des Rads mit einer Achse, welches die Ägypter damals noch nicht kannten. Löhners Seilrollenbock (Umlenkbock) Diese Technik haben Jäger schon immer angewendet, wenn sie ihre Lebensmittel in einem Sack hoch oben im Geäst eines Baumes befestigen wollten, damit wilde Tiere den Inhalt des Sackes nicht fressen konnten. Ein Seil wird über einen Ast geworfen und der Sack hochgezogen, indem man eine kurze Strecke wegläuft und das Seil mitzieht. Das braucht weniger Kraft als wenn man nur am Seil zieht. Die Anwendung des Prinzips der umlenkenden Seilrolle auf der schiefen Ebene: man kann einen Stein aufwärts ziehen, indem man abwärts läuft. Da man zusätzlich beim Abwärtslaufen sein Gewicht einsetzen kann, ist der Kraftaufwand noch geringer. Also sicher eine simple Technik, die auch die alten Ägypter beherrschten! Berechnungen zu Reibung, Zugkraft und Kraftaufwand (H. Illig / H.U. Niemitz) Dass die Ägypter diese Technik bestens kannten, beweist die aufwendige Aufhängetechnik, die bei den Verschlusssteinen im Vorraum zur Königskammer angewendet wurde. Hier sind die Fallsteine mit Seilen über einem Balken befestigt.

Hier klicken

für ein

Bild mit der Anwendung diese Prinzips auf der Pyramidenflanke Fallsteine in der Vorkammer

der Königskammer

Kritische Fragen zu Löhners Methoden zusammengefasst WIE WURDE DIE CHEOPS-PYRAMIDE ERBAUT? Die herrschende Lehrmeinung sagt aus, dass riesige Baurampen auf mehreren Seiten an den Pyramidenflanken hinaufführten und die Steinblöcke auf ihnen hochgezogen wurden. Wenn man jedoch diese Modelle auf ihre PRAXISTAUGLICHKEIT überprüft, erkennt man, dass sich bei jedem dieser Rampenmodelle eine Reihe gravierender Probleme

ergeben.

Bekannteste Rampenmodelle widerlegt Verschiedene Versuche solche theoretische Modelle des Pyramidenbau praktisch umzusetzen sind dann auch kläglich gescheitert. In drei Wochen schaffte es ein bekannter Ägyptologe gerade mal, mit Hilfe von Eisenwerkzeugen, Lastwagen und 44 Arbeitern eine 6m hohe Pyramide mit 186 Steinen zu bauen - das heisst sie schafften in drei Wochen etwas mehr als die Hälfte der Steine, die die Pyramidenbauer täglich

verarbeiteten!

Detail-Berechnungen

zur Arbeitsleistung der Pyramidenbauer DESHALB MUSS DER SCHLUSS GEZOGEN WERDEN, DASS DIE PYRAMIDEN AUF EINE ANDERE WEISE GEBAUT WURDEN, OHNE DIE VERWENDUNG VON RIESIGEN

BAURAMPEN!

Detaillierte Berechnungen von Dr. Heribert Illig und Franz Löhner zeigen - anstatt 20 bis 30'000 Schlepper, die die Steine auf den viel propagierten riesigen Baurampen hinaufzogen BRAUCHTE ES INSGESAMT NUR ÜBERSCHAUBARE 6700 ARBEITER, die auf Schlitten die Steine heranschafften und mit dem simplen System von Seilrollenstationen die Pyramide bauten. Also eine Anzahl im Rahmen einer ÜBLICHEN GROSSBAUSTELLE, ernährbar und bezahlbar für Ägypten! Berechnung der Anzahl Beschäftigter für den Bau der Cheops-Pyramide GAR KEINE BAURAMPEN? Nein - es gab kleinere HILFSRAMPEN, die zum Beispiel zum Transport der Steine aus den Steinbrüchen auf dem Giza-Plateau verwendet wurden und die man auch ausgegraben hat. Diese Hilfsrampen, die eine geringe Steigung aufwiesen, führten über wenige hundert Meter an das Bauwerk heran - aber nicht am Bauwerk hinauf und sie deckten es nicht zu. Was Franz Löhner aussagt ist: ES WAR NICHT NÖTIG (UND TECHNISCH AUCH NICHT MÖGLICH) RAMPEN ZU BAUEN, DIE HUNDERTTAUSENDE VON KUBIKMETER UMFASSTEN UND MEHR ALS 100 HÖHENMETER ÜBERWINDEN MUSSTEN. DAS TRANSPORTPROBLEM LÖSTEN DIE ÄGYPTER MIT DEM EINFACHEN SEILROLLENBOCK. Auf den Hilfsrampen wurden GELEISE installiert, rollende Rundhölzer eignen sich nicht, denn der Transport der Steien soll mit möglichst wenig Kraftaufwand gehen. Jedes Wegrutschen, jede Unregelmässigkeit, ja jeder Stein auf der Schleppspur, führt zu einer höheren Reibung welche wiederum eine grössere Kraftanstrengung beziehungsweise mehr

Schlepper verlangt.

Schritt für Schritt vom Steinbruch bis zur Pyramide (Übersicht) Bekannteste Rampenmodelle widerlegt ANWENDUNG DER METHODEN VON FRANZ LÖHNER AUF DEN BAU DER CHEOPS

PYRAMIDE

Ob die Methoden von Franz Löhner etwas taugen muss an der grössten Pyramide in Ägypten, der 146.59m hohen Cheops-Pyramide gemessen

werden.

Wachsen der Steinlagen während des Baus der Cheops-Pyramide (Khufu-Pyramide) und Anlegen der Gänge und Kammern im Innern.

Bemerkungen siehe

Die Cheops-Pyramide ist eines der klassischen sieben Weltwunder und in ihrer Grösse einzigartig. Die Zahlen sind unglaublich - für dieses Monument wurden in 210 Steinlagen über 2'300'000 Steine mit einer Grösse von 1.2 bis 8m (Königskammer) und einem durchschnittlichen Gewicht von 2.5 Tonnen verarbeitet. Dazu kamen noch 115'000 bis 200'000 Verkleidungssteine aus dem speziellen weissen Tura-Kalkstein. Dies ergibt für die Cheops-Pyramide ein Gesamtgewicht von 6'500'000 Tonnen, das von den Pyramidenbauern transportiert und verbaut werden

musste!

Die Grösse der Cheops-Pyramide, Bauleistung,

Materialien

Schritt für Schritt vom Steinbruch bis zur Pyramide (Übersicht) Höhe aller Steinschichten

der Cheops-Pyramide

EISEN-WERKZEUGE

Beim Bau der Cheops-Pyramide wurde zum ersten Mal im grossen Stil GRANIT verbaut - die Gänge und Inneräume sind damit ausgekleidet. Diese Granitblöcke bilden nicht nur durch ihre Ausmasse (bis 8m lang) und Gewicht (bis 50 Tonnen) ein Problem beim Pyramidenbau, sondern vor allem weil Granit bedeutend härter ist als Kalkstein. Deshalb ist auch das Brechen und die Bearbeitung eine Herausforderung. Die Lehrmeinung sagt aus, dass auch der harte Granit mit Werkzeugen aus Kupfer bearbeitet wurde. Franz Löhner hat das praktisch ausprobiert und in längeren Versuchsreihen seinen Verdacht erhärtet, dass dies nicht möglich ist, da Kupferwerkzeuge praktisch nichts gegen den harten Granit ausrichten können, sie werden im Verhältnis extrem schnell abgenützt. Wie konnten also die Steinquader aus Granit gebrochen und bearbeitet? Franz Löhner zeigt, dass dies NUR MIT EISEN-WERKZEUGEN möglich war und berichtet Wissenwertes über deren Herstellung und Verwendung. Franz Löhner behauptet nicht, dass die Ägypter selber schon das aufwendige Verfahren, das zur Herstellung von schmiedbarem Eisen nötig ist kannten, sondern, dass sie das WERTVOLLE SCHMIEDEEISEN DURCH HANDEL erwarben. Die ägyptischen Schmiede stellten daraus Werkzeuge her und waren auch fähig, diese zu reparieren.

Steinbrechen und

Steinbearbeitung mit Kupfer- oder Eisenwerkzeugen?

IN BUCHFORM

Auf

Initiative von Herrn Dr. Heribert Illig wurden die Gedanken zum Pyramidenbau erstmals 1993 im Mantis-Verlag publiziert. Dieses Buch (Autoren Heribert Illig und Franz Löhner ) befasst sich zusätzlich zu den Pyramidenbau-Methoden auch mit verschiedenen Theorien zum Pyramidenbau, dem Bauzweck, der Bauzeit sowie mit der Chronologie der

vierten Dynastie.

Berechnungen zu Reibung und Kraft und zur Anzahl der Bauarbeiter stammen aus diesem Buch und wurden mit freundlicher Genehmigung von Dr. Heribert Illig für diese Webseite verwendet. AN DIESER STELLE MÖCHTEN WIR IHM AUCH FÜR SEINE UNTERSTÜTZUNG FÜR DIESE WEBSEITE DANKEN! Heribert Illig und Franz Löhner Der Bau der Cheops-Pyramide

Nach der Rampenzeit

Mantis Verlag 1993, 1994 und 1998

ISBN 3-928852-17-5

Inhaltsverzeichnis, Klappentext etc. Empfehlenswertes Buch zum Thema Chronologie Ägyptens: Heribert Illig und Gunnar Heinsohn Wann lebten die Pharaonen? Archäologische und technologische Grundlagen für eine Neuschreibung der Geschichte Ägyptens und der übrigen Welt

Mantis Verlag 2003

ISBN 3928852264

ZEITANGABEN AUF WWW.CHEOPS-PYRAMIDE.CH Für die Zeitangaben wurde die herkömmliche ägyptische Chronologie der Vierten Dynastie verwendet. Diese basiert auf der Aigyptiaka, der sogenannten Königsliste (Liste der ägyptischen Pharaonen) von Manetho von Sebennytos, von der nur Auszüge erhalten sind. Es existieren weitere Königslisten, etwa von Abydos, Karnak oder Tener von Saqqara. Viele Ägyptologen haben versucht, den Beginn der ersten Dynastie (= Regierungsantritt von Menes) festzulegen. Dabei sind so verschiedene Daten wie "6400 Jahre vor Chr." bis zu "2900 Jahre vor Chr." herausgekommen! Die kulturelle Entwicklung Ägyptens enthält auch so verschiedene Lücken, Ungereimtheiten und Widersprüche. Mehr Informationen dazu und ein möglicher Lösungsansatz im Buch von H. Illig und G. Heinsohn "Wann lebten die Pharaonen?"

QUELLEN

Die hier vorgestellten Methoden zum Pyramidenbau wurden 1993 erstmals im Buch von Heribert Illig und Franz Löhner "Der Bau der Cheops-Pyramide" publiziert. M. Lehner Das Geheimnis der Pyramiden Ob die Pyramide regelmässig an allen Orten gleich schnell in die Höhe wuchs konnte bisher noch nicht bestimmt werden. Speziell bei den Gängen im Innern der Pyramide musste jedoch der Bauverlauf minuziös geplant und koordiniert werden. Die Bauphasen auf der

Pyramiden-Baustelle

H. Illig und F. Löhner Der Bau der

Cheops-Pyramide

IMPRESSUM:

Copyright 2006:

Franz Löhner www.cheops-pyramide.ch Konzept, Design und Illustrationen: Teresa (Zubi) Zuberbühler www.starfish.ch Diese Webseite wurde Ende September 2006 aufs Netz gestellt THIS PAGE IN ENGLISH