HOME | CENTER FOR ACADEMIC RESEARCH AND TRAINING INABOUTSYMPOSIARESEARCHTRAININGRESOURCESSUPPORT Where did we come from? How did we get here? CARTA's primary goal is to "explore and explain the origins of the human phenomenon". In other words, seeking answers to these age-old questions. CULTURAL TRANSMISSION The classic anthropological definition of culture is “that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society” (E. B. Tylor 1871). However it is defined, it is agreed that culture is passed on from generation to generation—or

"horizontally

PATTERN OF GYRIFICATION Gyrification (or cortical folding) is the the process by which the brain’s surface forms ridges and valleys (e.g. gyri and sulci). This occurs during neuronal migration over the course of development. As the layers of cortex are established, interconnections grow between neurons. Gyri are thought to be formed by the tensile strength of

these

REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND DISEASE Pascal Gagneux. This Domain lists topics dealing with biological traits related to reproductive organs and systems, their function and diseases. Hide. Domain Topics. There are 43 topics in this domain. Topic Name. Topic Authors. Advertisement of Ovulation. PENIS SIZE AND MORPHOLOGY Orangutans have smaller penises (erect length ~ 8.5 cm) and gorilla penises are even smaller (erect length ~ 6 cm). Neither orangutan nor gorilla exhibit a chimpanzee/bonobo-like filiform penis, and both, like humans also posses a glans penis. Penis size may also be related to group composition and sexual competition in that primate males ADOLESCENT GROWTH SPURT The human adolescent growth spurt is the rapid and intense increase in the rate of growth in height and weight that occurs during the adolescent stage of the human life cycle. The human adolescent growth spurt is noted in virtually all of the long bones of the body and most other skeletal elements. The major exception is the female pelvis AGE OF FONTANELLES / CRANIAL SUTURES CLOSURE Fontanelles are membranous areas that have not yet ossified in the developing cranial vault of neonatal and juvenile animals. Fontanelles allow for rapid stretching and deformation of the cranium as the brain expands faster than the surrounding bone can grow. INNOVATION (LANGUAGE CHANGE AND VARIATION) Human language is a dynamic system constantly evolving at a pace that vastly outstrips biological evolution. Significant changes in the system can occur within one or two generations, such that over mere hundreds of years, diverging linguistic variants that may no longer be mutually intelligible can arise across different geographical, cultural, or historical populations. BIPEDAL FOOT MORPHOLOGY However, by aligning the hallux with the rest of the digits the connective tissues, tendons, ligaments and muscles of the foot are aligned to permit a longitudinal arch of the foot, integral for shock absorption during bipedal walking and running. Humans also have an osteoligamentous structure of the foot that tightens during loading to

stiffen

PHANTOMS IN THE BRAIN: PROBING THE MYSTERIES OF THE HUMAN Abstract: Neuroscientist V.S. Ramachandran is internationally renowned for uncovering answers to the deep and quirky questions of human nature that few scientists have dared to address. HOME | CENTER FOR ACADEMIC RESEARCH AND TRAINING INABOUTSYMPOSIARESEARCHTRAININGRESOURCESSUPPORT Where did we come from? How did we get here? CARTA's primary goal is to "explore and explain the origins of the human phenomenon". In other words, seeking answers to these age-old questions. CULTURAL TRANSMISSION The classic anthropological definition of culture is “that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society” (E. B. Tylor 1871). However it is defined, it is agreed that culture is passed on from generation to generation—or

"horizontally

PATTERN OF GYRIFICATION Gyrification (or cortical folding) is the the process by which the brain’s surface forms ridges and valleys (e.g. gyri and sulci). This occurs during neuronal migration over the course of development. As the layers of cortex are established, interconnections grow between neurons. Gyri are thought to be formed by the tensile strength of

these

REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND DISEASE Pascal Gagneux. This Domain lists topics dealing with biological traits related to reproductive organs and systems, their function and diseases. Hide. Domain Topics. There are 43 topics in this domain. Topic Name. Topic Authors. Advertisement of Ovulation. PENIS SIZE AND MORPHOLOGY Orangutans have smaller penises (erect length ~ 8.5 cm) and gorilla penises are even smaller (erect length ~ 6 cm). Neither orangutan nor gorilla exhibit a chimpanzee/bonobo-like filiform penis, and both, like humans also posses a glans penis. Penis size may also be related to group composition and sexual competition in that primate males ADOLESCENT GROWTH SPURT The human adolescent growth spurt is the rapid and intense increase in the rate of growth in height and weight that occurs during the adolescent stage of the human life cycle. The human adolescent growth spurt is noted in virtually all of the long bones of the body and most other skeletal elements. The major exception is the female pelvis AGE OF FONTANELLES / CRANIAL SUTURES CLOSURE Fontanelles are membranous areas that have not yet ossified in the developing cranial vault of neonatal and juvenile animals. Fontanelles allow for rapid stretching and deformation of the cranium as the brain expands faster than the surrounding bone can grow. INNOVATION (LANGUAGE CHANGE AND VARIATION) Human language is a dynamic system constantly evolving at a pace that vastly outstrips biological evolution. Significant changes in the system can occur within one or two generations, such that over mere hundreds of years, diverging linguistic variants that may no longer be mutually intelligible can arise across different geographical, cultural, or historical populations. BIPEDAL FOOT MORPHOLOGY However, by aligning the hallux with the rest of the digits the connective tissues, tendons, ligaments and muscles of the foot are aligned to permit a longitudinal arch of the foot, integral for shock absorption during bipedal walking and running. Humans also have an osteoligamentous structure of the foot that tightens during loading to

stiffen

PHANTOMS IN THE BRAIN: PROBING THE MYSTERIES OF THE HUMAN Abstract: Neuroscientist V.S. Ramachandran is internationally renowned for uncovering answers to the deep and quirky questions of human nature that few scientists have dared to address. REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND DISEASE Pascal Gagneux. This Domain lists topics dealing with biological traits related to reproductive organs and systems, their function and diseases. Hide. Domain Topics. There are 43 topics in this domain. Topic Name. Topic Authors. Advertisement of Ovulation. SYMPOSIA | CENTER FOR ACADEMIC RESEARCH AND TRAINING IN The location of CARTA symposia rotates between the Salk Institute and the UC San Diego campus and medical school. These symposia draw live audiences of up to 800 people and are accessible across the globe via live webcast. Each presentation is video recorded and later broadcast by UC-TV before being archived at the CARTA website, the UCSD-TV SKELETAL ROBUSTICITY Skeletal robusticity refers to the strength of a skeletal element relative to some mechanically relevant measure of body size, and is generally considered to reflect the magnitude of the mechanical loads that are habitually incurred by that element as the organism interacts with its environment. Through both genetically-mediated adaptations

for

ADOLESCENT GROWTH SPURT The human adolescent growth spurt is the rapid and intense increase in the rate of growth in height and weight that occurs during the adolescent stage of the human life cycle. The human adolescent growth spurt is noted in virtually all of the long bones of the body and most other skeletal elements. The major exception is the female pelvis END STAGE RENAL DISEASE End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD), also called chronic kidney failure (CKF) is a complete failure or near complete loss of the kidney to function at a level that will maintain day to day life. ESRD usually occurs as chronic renal failure and worsens to the point where the kidney functions at less than 10% of its normal ability and death

occurs

MIND-ALTERING DRUG USE Given the nebulous definition of the term "mind," mind-altering drug use can be defined either narrowly, as the intentional consumption of substances for their ability to produce profound perceptual and cognitive alterations, or more generally, as the intentional consumption of any psychoactive substance, regardless of marked

perceptual changes.

DURATION OF LACTATION The duration of lactation in most mammals lasts from birth to the eruption of the first permanent molar. The correlation coefficient between first molar eruption and weaning (cessation of lactation) is r = 0.9. This is also typical for most primates. However, both chimpanzees and humans deviate from this general mammalian pattern.

WILD BOY OF AVEYRON

Definition: A French feral child who was captured in 1800 at the estimated age of twelve. A young physician, Jean Marc Gaspard Itard, worked with the boy for five years and gave him his name, Victor. Itard was interested in determining what Victor could learn and devised procedures to teach words and recorded his progress. INTRASPECIFIC AGGRESSION Heidi Sharipov. Humans and other animals exhibit aggression, defined as action or threat of action that causes harm against another. Violence is differentiated as escalated aggression that includes the use of physical force against another. As in most species, males tend to show more physical aggression than females, although females

typically

RELATIVE THUMB LENGTH Humans have thumbs that are long relative to the other digits of the hand (as compared to apes and most other primates). This relative elongation is derived in part by an elongation of the thumb bones themselves (the first metacarpal and the proximal and distal pollical phalanges), by a shortening of the other digits, and by a more distal positioning of the thumb on the hand. Skip to main content

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HOME

Where did we come from? How did we get here? CARTA's primary goal is to "explore and explain the origins of the

human phenomenon".

In other words, seeking answers to these age-old questions.

LATEST NEWS

CARTA Members in the News: Alysson R. Muotri and Katerina Semendeferi (both The Archealization Center, UC San Diego School of Medicine)

Feb 24, 2021

CARTA Members in the News: Prof Pascal Gagneux (Assoc. Dir. of CARTA, UC San Diego School of Medicine)

Jan 15, 2021

CARTA Members in the News: Prof Kristen Hawkes (U. of Utah)

Jan 5, 2021

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Please see the upcoming symposia page for the latest event information. all upcoming symposia >

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