ONE LEG SWELLING: 9 CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT Baker’s Cyst. A ruptured Baker’s cyst can cause acute pain and calf swelling that is sometimes hard to tell from a deep vein thrombosis. To make the diagnosis you have to use imaging such as an ultrasound. Baker’s cyst on B-mode ultrasound. 3. A Bleed into the Leg. A bleed into the leg can be dangerous or small. LEG SWELLING AFTER SURGERY: CAUSES, PREVENTION AND DIAGNOSIS Less obvious reasons for leg swelling after surgery are also considered. For instance, a blood clot in the lungs, pulmonary embolism, can cause right heart strain. Leg swelling may be one of the presenting signs. Also, never forget to look at the medication list. Sometimes certain medications are stopped before surgery. STATINS AND LEG PAIN: WHAT IS THE CONNECTION? WHAT IS THE Many patients have heard of a possible connection between statins and leg pain. So, if they start a statin and suffer any kind of pain, they may want to stop the medication. On the one hand, that may be the safest approach. If muscle symptoms are building up, avoiding more severe symptoms is logical. On the other hand, when symptoms are more CALF PAIN WHEN WALKING: CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT Elevated pressure in the calf that is called compartment syndrome can result in calf pain with walking or calf pain after walking as well. Muscle tightness – In my opinion tight muscles are the most overlooked reason for calf pain when walking. This is especially the case in elderly people. LEG PAIN WHEN WALKING AND STANDING: CAUSES AND DIAGNOSIS Leg pain when walking and standing is different from leg pain when walking.The standing component is a big clue to the causes. Many causes are not vascular. Common causes include sciatica, osteoarthritis, tight muscles and spinal stenosis. DIURETICS FOR EDEMA: WHEN THE CURE MAKES THE PROBLEM WORSE Then, if the patient stops taking the diuretics, for a while, the sodium retention mechanisms overwhelm the natural diuresis capacity of the kidneys. These mechanisms are mediated through the renin-angiotensin system. Clinically, this can result in rebound edema and in weight gain. For this reason, many patients continue to take

the diuretics.

SWOLLEN FEET AFTER SITTING: 10 CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT Swollen feet after sitting are common. The swelling can be a sign of danger, but often is not. Examples of more dangerous causes include

blood clots

WHOOSHING IN EAR: WHAT IS IT? WHAT ARE THE TREATMENTS? A whooshing in ear sound is common in fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD). Unfortunately, the mechanism is not well known. There is also very little to do. One resource is the Whooshers.com website. As I see many such patients, I wanted to summarize a bit on tinnitus, pulse in ear, ringing in ear and whooshing in ear sensations. MUSCLE CRAMPS AT NIGHT. WAYS TO PREVENT THEM ON YOUR OWN! Look for tonic water. Most tonic water contains a low quantity of quinine. But sometimes that low quantity is enough. This is why some people drink a bit of tonic water before going to bed to prevent night cramps. Tonic water may help with muscle cramps at night. Finally, one important word of caution regarding quinine. PURPLE FEET IN ELDERLY: 6 TOP CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT Once the blood loses its oxygen, it can look blue or purple. 6. Cold Regulation. Very young and very old people cannot regulate body temperature as well. If the feet become cold, the arteries in the toes constrict. This can result in purple toes or even in purple feet. ONE LEG SWELLING: 9 CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT Baker’s Cyst. A ruptured Baker’s cyst can cause acute pain and calf swelling that is sometimes hard to tell from a deep vein thrombosis. To make the diagnosis you have to use imaging such as an ultrasound. Baker’s cyst on B-mode ultrasound. 3. A Bleed into the Leg. A bleed into the leg can be dangerous or small. LEG SWELLING AFTER SURGERY: CAUSES, PREVENTION AND DIAGNOSIS Less obvious reasons for leg swelling after surgery are also considered. For instance, a blood clot in the lungs, pulmonary embolism, can cause right heart strain. Leg swelling may be one of the presenting signs. Also, never forget to look at the medication list. Sometimes certain medications are stopped before surgery. STATINS AND LEG PAIN: WHAT IS THE CONNECTION? WHAT IS THE Many patients have heard of a possible connection between statins and leg pain. So, if they start a statin and suffer any kind of pain, they may want to stop the medication. On the one hand, that may be the safest approach. If muscle symptoms are building up, avoiding more severe symptoms is logical. On the other hand, when symptoms are more CALF PAIN WHEN WALKING: CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT Elevated pressure in the calf that is called compartment syndrome can result in calf pain with walking or calf pain after walking as well. Muscle tightness – In my opinion tight muscles are the most overlooked reason for calf pain when walking. This is especially the case in elderly people. LEG PAIN WHEN WALKING AND STANDING: CAUSES AND DIAGNOSIS Leg pain when walking and standing is different from leg pain when walking.The standing component is a big clue to the causes. Many causes are not vascular. Common causes include sciatica, osteoarthritis, tight muscles and spinal stenosis. DIURETICS FOR EDEMA: WHEN THE CURE MAKES THE PROBLEM WORSE Then, if the patient stops taking the diuretics, for a while, the sodium retention mechanisms overwhelm the natural diuresis capacity of the kidneys. These mechanisms are mediated through the renin-angiotensin system. Clinically, this can result in rebound edema and in weight gain. For this reason, many patients continue to take

the diuretics.

SWOLLEN FEET AFTER SITTING: 10 CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT Swollen feet after sitting are common. The swelling can be a sign of danger, but often is not. Examples of more dangerous causes include

blood clots

MUSCLE CRAMPS AT NIGHT. WAYS TO PREVENT THEM ON YOUR OWN! Look for tonic water. Most tonic water contains a low quantity of quinine. But sometimes that low quantity is enough. This is why some people drink a bit of tonic water before going to bed to prevent night cramps. Tonic water may help with muscle cramps at night. Finally, one important word of caution regarding quinine. WHOOSHING IN EAR: WHAT IS IT? WHAT ARE THE TREATMENTS? A whooshing in ear sound is common in fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD). Unfortunately, the mechanism is not well known. There is also very little to do. One resource is the Whooshers.com website. As I see many such patients, I wanted to summarize a bit on tinnitus, pulse in ear, ringing in ear and whooshing in ear sensations. PURPLE FEET IN ELDERLY: 6 TOP CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT Once the blood loses its oxygen, it can look blue or purple. 6. Cold Regulation. Very young and very old people cannot regulate body temperature as well. If the feet become cold, the arteries in the toes constrict. This can result in purple toes or even in purple feet. WHOOSHING IN EAR: WHAT IS IT? WHAT ARE THE TREATMENTS? A whooshing in ear sound is common in fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD). Unfortunately, the mechanism is not well known. There is also very little to do. One resource is the Whooshers.com website. As I see many such patients, I wanted to summarize a bit on tinnitus, pulse in ear, ringing in ear and whooshing in ear sensations. LEG PAIN WHEN WALKING AND STANDING: CAUSES AND DIAGNOSIS Leg pain when walking and standing is different from leg pain when walking.The standing component is a big clue to the causes. Many causes are not vascular. Common causes include sciatica, osteoarthritis, tight muscles and spinal stenosis. FREE FLOATING DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS A free floating DVT is a deep vein thrombosis that is noated to be mobile during the ultrasound scan. Here is a video of a free floating DVT: As acute DVT are not alway adherant to the vein wall risk of embolization is greatest at that time. Free floating deep vein thrombi are visibly not adherant and often flap as blood flows across them. VASCULAR LEG PAIN: ARTERY AND VEIN DISEASE THAT CAUSE LEG PAIN Arterial leg pain is caused from lack of oxygen flow to the tissues. This is called ischemia. Lack of arterial blood flow to the legs results in intermittent claudication and, more severely, in critical limb ischemia. The most common cause for arterial leg pain is peripheral artery disease. LEG MUSCLE PAIN: WHAT ARE THE CAUSES WHEN TO BE CONCERNED? Leg muscle pain is common. Sometimes there is an obvious reason like injury or physical activity. But sometimes the reason is harder to find. Knowing the cause is important because treatment depends on the

cause.

ANTI XA: WHAT DOES IT MEASURE? WHEN SHOULD IT BE USED? Anti Xa is a measure for the activity of anticoagulation. The name of the assay is confusing. Anti Xa is a measure for the activity of heparin or or low molecular weight heparin. Chromogenic Xa is a measure of the activity of coumadin. It is used when starting warfarin during treatment with argatroban. SPINAL STENOSIS IS A CAUSE FOR LEG PAIN WHEN WALKING The mechanism for symptoms in spinal stenosis is unclear. As a vascular physician I see many patients with leg pain when walking. For these patients I often need to differentiate between peripheral artery disease and other causes of leg pain. One such cause is spinal stenosis. You will notice that this post is marked as a “blog”

post.

COLD TOES: CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS AND POSSIBLE TREATMENT Sometimes cold toes are a result of a disease. Two common examples are a malfunctioning thyroid gland and poorly functioning kidneys. A poor heart pump function will also result in too little blood from arriving at the toes and a cold sensation. Another less well known condition is a result of lack of internal steroids. SWOLLEN ANKLES AFTER FLIGHT: WHAT ARE THE CAUSES? WHAT CAN Compression stockings are the most common therapy for swollen legs. We get asked about swollen ankles after flight a lot. People want to know why their ankles swelled and if they should worry. In truth, this is a difficult question to answer. This is because legs BLOOD THINNERS AND SURGERY: WHEN TO STOP? WHEN TO START? Typically stop Warfarin 5 days before surgery. Typically stop medications like rivaroxaban, apixaban and dabigatran 2-3 days before surgery. These are just estimated numbers and they change from patient to patient and from procedure to procedure. If clotting risk is not low – You may not want to stop thinning your blood for too long. ONE LEG SWELLING: 9 CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT Baker’s Cyst. A ruptured Baker’s cyst can cause acute pain and calf swelling that is sometimes hard to tell from a deep vein thrombosis. To make the diagnosis you have to use imaging such as an ultrasound. Baker’s cyst on B-mode ultrasound. 3. A Bleed into the Leg. A bleed into the leg can be dangerous or small. LEG SWELLING AFTER SURGERY: CAUSES, PREVENTION AND DIAGNOSIS Less obvious reasons for leg swelling after surgery are also considered. For instance, a blood clot in the lungs, pulmonary embolism, can cause right heart strain. Leg swelling may be one of the presenting signs. Also, never forget to look at the medication list. Sometimes certain medications are stopped before surgery. STATINS AND LEG PAIN: WHAT IS THE CONNECTION? WHAT IS THE Many patients have heard of a possible connection between statins and leg pain. So, if they start a statin and suffer any kind of pain, they may want to stop the medication. On the one hand, that may be the safest approach. If muscle symptoms are building up, avoiding more severe symptoms is logical. On the other hand, when symptoms are more CALF PAIN WHEN WALKING: CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT Elevated pressure in the calf that is called compartment syndrome can result in calf pain with walking or calf pain after walking as well. Muscle tightness – In my opinion tight muscles are the most overlooked reason for calf pain when walking. This is especially the case in elderly people. LEG PAIN WHEN WALKING AND STANDING: CAUSES AND DIAGNOSIS Leg pain when walking and standing is different from leg pain when walking.The standing component is a big clue to the causes. Many causes are not vascular. Common causes include sciatica, osteoarthritis, tight muscles and spinal stenosis. DIURETICS FOR EDEMA: WHEN THE CURE MAKES THE PROBLEM WORSE Then, if the patient stops taking the diuretics, for a while, the sodium retention mechanisms overwhelm the natural diuresis capacity of the kidneys. These mechanisms are mediated through the renin-angiotensin system. Clinically, this can result in rebound edema and in weight gain. For this reason, many patients continue to take

the diuretics.

SWOLLEN FEET AFTER SITTING: 10 CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT Swollen feet after sitting are common. The swelling can be a sign of danger, but often is not. Examples of more dangerous causes include

blood clots

WHOOSHING IN EAR: WHAT IS IT? WHAT ARE THE TREATMENTS? A whooshing in ear sound is common in fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD). Unfortunately, the mechanism is not well known. There is also very little to do. One resource is the Whooshers.com website. As I see many such patients, I wanted to summarize a bit on tinnitus, pulse in ear, ringing in ear and whooshing in ear sensations. MUSCLE CRAMPS AT NIGHT. WAYS TO PREVENT THEM ON YOUR OWN! Look for tonic water. Most tonic water contains a low quantity of quinine. But sometimes that low quantity is enough. This is why some people drink a bit of tonic water before going to bed to prevent night cramps. Tonic water may help with muscle cramps at night. Finally, one important word of caution regarding quinine. PURPLE FEET IN ELDERLY: 6 TOP CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT Once the blood loses its oxygen, it can look blue or purple. 6. Cold Regulation. Very young and very old people cannot regulate body temperature as well. If the feet become cold, the arteries in the toes constrict. This can result in purple toes or even in purple feet. ONE LEG SWELLING: 9 CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT Baker’s Cyst. A ruptured Baker’s cyst can cause acute pain and calf swelling that is sometimes hard to tell from a deep vein thrombosis. To make the diagnosis you have to use imaging such as an ultrasound. Baker’s cyst on B-mode ultrasound. 3. A Bleed into the Leg. A bleed into the leg can be dangerous or small. LEG SWELLING AFTER SURGERY: CAUSES, PREVENTION AND DIAGNOSIS Less obvious reasons for leg swelling after surgery are also considered. For instance, a blood clot in the lungs, pulmonary embolism, can cause right heart strain. Leg swelling may be one of the presenting signs. Also, never forget to look at the medication list. Sometimes certain medications are stopped before surgery. STATINS AND LEG PAIN: WHAT IS THE CONNECTION? WHAT IS THE Many patients have heard of a possible connection between statins and leg pain. So, if they start a statin and suffer any kind of pain, they may want to stop the medication. On the one hand, that may be the safest approach. If muscle symptoms are building up, avoiding more severe symptoms is logical. On the other hand, when symptoms are more CALF PAIN WHEN WALKING: CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT Elevated pressure in the calf that is called compartment syndrome can result in calf pain with walking or calf pain after walking as well. Muscle tightness – In my opinion tight muscles are the most overlooked reason for calf pain when walking. This is especially the case in elderly people. LEG PAIN WHEN WALKING AND STANDING: CAUSES AND DIAGNOSIS Leg pain when walking and standing is different from leg pain when walking.The standing component is a big clue to the causes. Many causes are not vascular. Common causes include sciatica, osteoarthritis, tight muscles and spinal stenosis. DIURETICS FOR EDEMA: WHEN THE CURE MAKES THE PROBLEM WORSE Then, if the patient stops taking the diuretics, for a while, the sodium retention mechanisms overwhelm the natural diuresis capacity of the kidneys. These mechanisms are mediated through the renin-angiotensin system. Clinically, this can result in rebound edema and in weight gain. For this reason, many patients continue to take

the diuretics.

SWOLLEN FEET AFTER SITTING: 10 CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT Swollen feet after sitting are common. The swelling can be a sign of danger, but often is not. Examples of more dangerous causes include

blood clots

WHOOSHING IN EAR: WHAT IS IT? WHAT ARE THE TREATMENTS? A whooshing in ear sound is common in fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD). Unfortunately, the mechanism is not well known. There is also very little to do. One resource is the Whooshers.com website. As I see many such patients, I wanted to summarize a bit on tinnitus, pulse in ear, ringing in ear and whooshing in ear sensations. MUSCLE CRAMPS AT NIGHT. WAYS TO PREVENT THEM ON YOUR OWN! Look for tonic water. Most tonic water contains a low quantity of quinine. But sometimes that low quantity is enough. This is why some people drink a bit of tonic water before going to bed to prevent night cramps. Tonic water may help with muscle cramps at night. Finally, one important word of caution regarding quinine. PURPLE FEET IN ELDERLY: 6 TOP CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT Once the blood loses its oxygen, it can look blue or purple. 6. Cold Regulation. Very young and very old people cannot regulate body temperature as well. If the feet become cold, the arteries in the toes constrict. This can result in purple toes or even in purple feet. WHOOSHING IN EAR: WHAT IS IT? WHAT ARE THE TREATMENTS? A whooshing in ear sound is common in fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD). Unfortunately, the mechanism is not well known. There is also very little to do. One resource is the Whooshers.com website. As I see many such patients, I wanted to summarize a bit on tinnitus, pulse in ear, ringing in ear and whooshing in ear sensations. LEG PAIN WHEN WALKING AND STANDING: CAUSES AND DIAGNOSIS Leg pain when walking and standing is different from leg pain when walking.The standing component is a big clue to the causes. Many causes are not vascular. Common causes include sciatica, osteoarthritis, tight muscles and spinal stenosis. FREE FLOATING DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS A free floating DVT is a deep vein thrombosis that is noated to be mobile during the ultrasound scan. Here is a video of a free floating DVT: As acute DVT are not alway adherant to the vein wall risk of embolization is greatest at that time. Free floating deep vein thrombi are visibly not adherant and often flap as blood flows across them. VASCULAR LEG PAIN: ARTERY AND VEIN DISEASE THAT CAUSE LEG PAIN Arterial leg pain is caused from lack of oxygen flow to the tissues. This is called ischemia. Lack of arterial blood flow to the legs results in intermittent claudication and, more severely, in critical limb ischemia. The most common cause for arterial leg pain is peripheral artery disease. LEG MUSCLE PAIN: WHAT ARE THE CAUSES WHEN TO BE CONCERNED? Leg muscle pain is common. Sometimes there is an obvious reason like injury or physical activity. But sometimes the reason is harder to find. Knowing the cause is important because treatment depends on the

cause.

ANTI XA: WHAT DOES IT MEASURE? WHEN SHOULD IT BE USED? Anti Xa is a measure for the activity of anticoagulation. The name of the assay is confusing. Anti Xa is a measure for the activity of heparin or or low molecular weight heparin. Chromogenic Xa is a measure of the activity of coumadin. It is used when starting warfarin during treatment with argatroban. SPINAL STENOSIS IS A CAUSE FOR LEG PAIN WHEN WALKING The mechanism for symptoms in spinal stenosis is unclear. As a vascular physician I see many patients with leg pain when walking. For these patients I often need to differentiate between peripheral artery disease and other causes of leg pain. One such cause is spinal stenosis. You will notice that this post is marked as a “blog”

post.

COLD TOES: CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS AND POSSIBLE TREATMENT Sometimes cold toes are a result of a disease. Two common examples are a malfunctioning thyroid gland and poorly functioning kidneys. A poor heart pump function will also result in too little blood from arriving at the toes and a cold sensation. Another less well known condition is a result of lack of internal steroids. SWOLLEN ANKLES AFTER FLIGHT: WHAT ARE THE CAUSES? WHAT CAN Compression stockings are the most common therapy for swollen legs. We get asked about swollen ankles after flight a lot. People want to know why their ankles swelled and if they should worry. In truth, this is a difficult question to answer. This is because legs BLOOD THINNERS AND SURGERY: WHEN TO STOP? WHEN TO START? Typically stop Warfarin 5 days before surgery. Typically stop medications like rivaroxaban, apixaban and dabigatran 2-3 days before surgery. These are just estimated numbers and they change from patient to patient and from procedure to procedure. If clotting risk is not low – You may not want to stop thinning your blood for too long. ONE LEG SWELLING: 9 CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT Baker’s Cyst. A ruptured Baker’s cyst can cause acute pain and calf swelling that is sometimes hard to tell from a deep vein thrombosis. To make the diagnosis you have to use imaging such as an ultrasound. Baker’s cyst on B-mode ultrasound. 3. A Bleed into the Leg. A bleed into the leg can be dangerous or small. LEG SWELLING AFTER SURGERY: CAUSES, PREVENTION AND DIAGNOSIS Less obvious reasons for leg swelling after surgery are also considered. For instance, a blood clot in the lungs, pulmonary embolism, can cause right heart strain. Leg swelling may be one of the presenting signs. Also, never forget to look at the medication list. Sometimes certain medications are stopped before surgery. STATINS AND LEG PAIN: WHAT IS THE CONNECTION? WHAT IS THE Many patients have heard of a possible connection between statins and leg pain. So, if they start a statin and suffer any kind of pain, they may want to stop the medication. On the one hand, that may be the safest approach. If muscle symptoms are building up, avoiding more severe symptoms is logical. On the other hand, when symptoms are more CALF PAIN WHEN WALKING: CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT Elevated pressure in the calf that is called compartment syndrome can result in calf pain with walking or calf pain after walking as well. Muscle tightness – In my opinion tight muscles are the most overlooked reason for calf pain when walking. This is especially the case in elderly people. LEG PAIN WHEN WALKING AND STANDING: CAUSES AND DIAGNOSIS Leg pain when walking and standing is different from leg pain when walking.The standing component is a big clue to the causes. Many causes are not vascular. Common causes include sciatica, osteoarthritis, tight muscles and spinal stenosis. DIURETICS FOR EDEMA: WHEN THE CURE MAKES THE PROBLEM WORSE Then, if the patient stops taking the diuretics, for a while, the sodium retention mechanisms overwhelm the natural diuresis capacity of the kidneys. These mechanisms are mediated through the renin-angiotensin system. Clinically, this can result in rebound edema and in weight gain. For this reason, many patients continue to take

the diuretics.

WHOOSHING IN EAR: WHAT IS IT? WHAT ARE THE TREATMENTS? A whooshing in ear sound is common in fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD). Unfortunately, the mechanism is not well known. There is also very little to do. One resource is the Whooshers.com website. As I see many such patients, I wanted to summarize a bit on tinnitus, pulse in ear, ringing in ear and whooshing in ear sensations. VASCULAR LEG PAIN: ARTERY AND VEIN DISEASE THAT CAUSE LEG PAIN Arterial leg pain is caused from lack of oxygen flow to the tissues. This is called ischemia. Lack of arterial blood flow to the legs results in intermittent claudication and, more severely, in critical limb ischemia. The most common cause for arterial leg pain is peripheral artery disease. MUSCLE CRAMPS AT NIGHT. WAYS TO PREVENT THEM ON YOUR OWN! Look for tonic water. Most tonic water contains a low quantity of quinine. But sometimes that low quantity is enough. This is why some people drink a bit of tonic water before going to bed to prevent night cramps. Tonic water may help with muscle cramps at night. Finally, one important word of caution regarding quinine. BLOOD THINNERS AND SURGERY: WHEN TO STOP? WHEN TO START? Typically stop Warfarin 5 days before surgery. Typically stop medications like rivaroxaban, apixaban and dabigatran 2-3 days before surgery. These are just estimated numbers and they change from patient to patient and from procedure to procedure. If clotting risk is not low – You may not want to stop thinning your blood for too long. ONE LEG SWELLING: 9 CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT Baker’s Cyst. A ruptured Baker’s cyst can cause acute pain and calf swelling that is sometimes hard to tell from a deep vein thrombosis. To make the diagnosis you have to use imaging such as an ultrasound. Baker’s cyst on B-mode ultrasound. 3. A Bleed into the Leg. A bleed into the leg can be dangerous or small. LEG SWELLING AFTER SURGERY: CAUSES, PREVENTION AND DIAGNOSIS Less obvious reasons for leg swelling after surgery are also considered. For instance, a blood clot in the lungs, pulmonary embolism, can cause right heart strain. Leg swelling may be one of the presenting signs. Also, never forget to look at the medication list. Sometimes certain medications are stopped before surgery. STATINS AND LEG PAIN: WHAT IS THE CONNECTION? WHAT IS THE Many patients have heard of a possible connection between statins and leg pain. So, if they start a statin and suffer any kind of pain, they may want to stop the medication. On the one hand, that may be the safest approach. If muscle symptoms are building up, avoiding more severe symptoms is logical. On the other hand, when symptoms are more CALF PAIN WHEN WALKING: CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT Elevated pressure in the calf that is called compartment syndrome can result in calf pain with walking or calf pain after walking as well. Muscle tightness – In my opinion tight muscles are the most overlooked reason for calf pain when walking. This is especially the case in elderly people. LEG PAIN WHEN WALKING AND STANDING: CAUSES AND DIAGNOSIS Leg pain when walking and standing is different from leg pain when walking.The standing component is a big clue to the causes. Many causes are not vascular. Common causes include sciatica, osteoarthritis, tight muscles and spinal stenosis. DIURETICS FOR EDEMA: WHEN THE CURE MAKES THE PROBLEM WORSE Then, if the patient stops taking the diuretics, for a while, the sodium retention mechanisms overwhelm the natural diuresis capacity of the kidneys. These mechanisms are mediated through the renin-angiotensin system. Clinically, this can result in rebound edema and in weight gain. For this reason, many patients continue to take

the diuretics.

WHOOSHING IN EAR: WHAT IS IT? WHAT ARE THE TREATMENTS? A whooshing in ear sound is common in fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD). Unfortunately, the mechanism is not well known. There is also very little to do. One resource is the Whooshers.com website. As I see many such patients, I wanted to summarize a bit on tinnitus, pulse in ear, ringing in ear and whooshing in ear sensations. VASCULAR LEG PAIN: ARTERY AND VEIN DISEASE THAT CAUSE LEG PAIN Arterial leg pain is caused from lack of oxygen flow to the tissues. This is called ischemia. Lack of arterial blood flow to the legs results in intermittent claudication and, more severely, in critical limb ischemia. The most common cause for arterial leg pain is peripheral artery disease. MUSCLE CRAMPS AT NIGHT. WAYS TO PREVENT THEM ON YOUR OWN! Look for tonic water. Most tonic water contains a low quantity of quinine. But sometimes that low quantity is enough. This is why some people drink a bit of tonic water before going to bed to prevent night cramps. Tonic water may help with muscle cramps at night. Finally, one important word of caution regarding quinine. BLOOD THINNERS AND SURGERY: WHEN TO STOP? WHEN TO START? Typically stop Warfarin 5 days before surgery. Typically stop medications like rivaroxaban, apixaban and dabigatran 2-3 days before surgery. These are just estimated numbers and they change from patient to patient and from procedure to procedure. If clotting risk is not low – You may not want to stop thinning your blood for too long. CALF PAIN WHEN WALKING: CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT Elevated pressure in the calf that is called compartment syndrome can result in calf pain with walking or calf pain after walking as well. Muscle tightness – In my opinion tight muscles are the most overlooked reason for calf pain when walking. This is especially the case in elderly people. LEG PAIN WHEN WALKING AND STANDING: CAUSES AND DIAGNOSIS Leg pain when walking and standing is different from leg pain when walking.The standing component is a big clue to the causes. Many causes are not vascular. Common causes include sciatica, osteoarthritis, tight muscles and spinal stenosis. VASCULAR LEG PAIN: ARTERY AND VEIN DISEASE THAT CAUSE LEG PAIN Arterial leg pain is caused from lack of oxygen flow to the tissues. This is called ischemia. Lack of arterial blood flow to the legs results in intermittent claudication and, more severely, in critical limb ischemia. The most common cause for arterial leg pain is peripheral artery disease. SPINAL STENOSIS IS A CAUSE FOR LEG PAIN WHEN WALKING The mechanism for symptoms in spinal stenosis is unclear. As a vascular physician I see many patients with leg pain when walking. For these patients I often need to differentiate between peripheral artery disease and other causes of leg pain. One such cause is spinal stenosis. You will notice that this post is marked as a “blog”

post.

LEG MUSCLE PAIN: WHAT ARE THE CAUSES WHEN TO BE CONCERNED? Leg muscle pain is common. Sometimes there is an obvious reason like injury or physical activity. But sometimes the reason is harder to find. Knowing the cause is important because treatment depends on the

cause.

DO YOU HAVE LEG PAIN AT NIGHT? 7 REASONS AND TREATMENTS The most common example are statins. Statins and leg pain is a real problem. Another example are steroids. 6. Nerve pain. Nerve pain is felt more at night because there are less distractions. During the day, the brain is preoccupied by many things, so there is less focus on the legs. But at night, when everything is quiet, nerve pain can

act up.

COLD TOES: CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS AND POSSIBLE TREATMENT Sometimes cold toes are a result of a disease. Two common examples are a malfunctioning thyroid gland and poorly functioning kidneys. A poor heart pump function will also result in too little blood from arriving at the toes and a cold sensation. Another less well known condition is a result of lack of internal steroids. SWOLLEN FEET AFTER SITTING: 10 CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT Swollen feet after sitting are common. The swelling can be a sign of danger, but often is not. Examples of more dangerous causes include

blood clots

PAIN AFTER CATH PROCEDURE: WHAT CAN IT BE? WHAT TO DO As you can see, there are multiple theoretical reasons for pain after cath procedures. Each cause will be treated differently. Infection, for example, is treated with antibiotics but a blood clot will be treated with blood thinners. For this reason if you experience pain after a cath it is best if you inform your physician immediately. PURPLE FEET IN ELDERLY: 6 TOP CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT Once the blood loses its oxygen, it can look blue or purple. 6. Cold Regulation. Very young and very old people cannot regulate body temperature as well. If the feet become cold, the arteries in the toes constrict. This can result in purple toes or even in purple feet. ONE LEG SWELLING: 9 CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT Baker’s Cyst. A ruptured Baker’s cyst can cause acute pain and calf swelling that is sometimes hard to tell from a deep vein thrombosis. To make the diagnosis you have to use imaging such as an ultrasound. Baker’s cyst on B-mode ultrasound. 3. A Bleed into the Leg. A bleed into the leg can be dangerous or small. LEG SWELLING AFTER SURGERY: CAUSES, PREVENTION AND DIAGNOSIS Less obvious reasons for leg swelling after surgery are also considered. For instance, a blood clot in the lungs, pulmonary embolism, can cause right heart strain. Leg swelling may be one of the presenting signs. Also, never forget to look at the medication list. Sometimes certain medications are stopped before surgery. STATINS AND LEG PAIN: WHAT IS THE CONNECTION? WHAT IS THE Many patients have heard of a possible connection between statins and leg pain. So, if they start a statin and suffer any kind of pain, they may want to stop the medication. On the one hand, that may be the safest approach. If muscle symptoms are building up, avoiding more severe symptoms is logical. On the other hand, when symptoms are more DIURETICS FOR EDEMA: WHEN THE CURE MAKES THE PROBLEM WORSE Then, if the patient stops taking the diuretics, for a while, the sodium retention mechanisms overwhelm the natural diuresis capacity of the kidneys. These mechanisms are mediated through the renin-angiotensin system. Clinically, this can result in rebound edema and in weight gain. For this reason, many patients continue to take

the diuretics.

LEG PAIN WHEN WALKING AND STANDING: CAUSES AND DIAGNOSIS Leg pain when walking and standing is different from leg pain when walking.The standing component is a big clue to the causes. Many causes are not vascular. Common causes include sciatica, osteoarthritis, tight muscles and spinal stenosis. CALF PAIN WHEN WALKING: CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT Elevated pressure in the calf that is called compartment syndrome can result in calf pain with walking or calf pain after walking as well. Muscle tightness – In my opinion tight muscles are the most overlooked reason for calf pain when walking. This is especially the case in elderly people. SWOLLEN FEET AFTER SITTING: 10 CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT Swollen feet after sitting are common. The swelling can be a sign of danger, but often is not. Examples of more dangerous causes include

blood clots

ONE LEG SWELLING: 9 CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT Baker’s Cyst. A ruptured Baker’s cyst can cause acute pain and calf swelling that is sometimes hard to tell from a deep vein thrombosis. To make the diagnosis you have to use imaging such as an ultrasound. Baker’s cyst on B-mode ultrasound. 3. A Bleed into the Leg. A bleed into the leg can be dangerous or small. LEG SWELLING AFTER SURGERY: CAUSES, PREVENTION AND DIAGNOSIS Less obvious reasons for leg swelling after surgery are also considered. For instance, a blood clot in the lungs, pulmonary embolism, can cause right heart strain. Leg swelling may be one of the presenting signs. Also, never forget to look at the medication list. Sometimes certain medications are stopped before surgery. STATINS AND LEG PAIN: WHAT IS THE CONNECTION? WHAT IS THE Many patients have heard of a possible connection between statins and leg pain. So, if they start a statin and suffer any kind of pain, they may want to stop the medication. On the one hand, that may be the safest approach. If muscle symptoms are building up, avoiding more severe symptoms is logical. On the other hand, when symptoms are more DIURETICS FOR EDEMA: WHEN THE CURE MAKES THE PROBLEM WORSE Then, if the patient stops taking the diuretics, for a while, the sodium retention mechanisms overwhelm the natural diuresis capacity of the kidneys. These mechanisms are mediated through the renin-angiotensin system. Clinically, this can result in rebound edema and in weight gain. For this reason, many patients continue to take

the diuretics.

LEG PAIN WHEN WALKING AND STANDING: CAUSES AND DIAGNOSIS Leg pain when walking and standing is different from leg pain when walking.The standing component is a big clue to the causes. Many causes are not vascular. Common causes include sciatica, osteoarthritis, tight muscles and spinal stenosis. CALF PAIN WHEN WALKING: CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT Elevated pressure in the calf that is called compartment syndrome can result in calf pain with walking or calf pain after walking as well. Muscle tightness – In my opinion tight muscles are the most overlooked reason for calf pain when walking. This is especially the case in elderly people. SWOLLEN FEET AFTER SITTING: 10 CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT Swollen feet after sitting are common. The swelling can be a sign of danger, but often is not. Examples of more dangerous causes include

blood clots

LEG PAIN WHEN WALKING AND STANDING: CAUSES AND DIAGNOSIS Leg pain when walking and standing is different from leg pain when walking.The standing component is a big clue to the causes. Many causes are not vascular. Common causes include sciatica, osteoarthritis, tight muscles and spinal stenosis. WHOOSHING IN EAR: WHAT IS IT? WHAT ARE THE TREATMENTS? A whooshing in ear sound is common in fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD). Unfortunately, the mechanism is not well known. There is also very little to do. One resource is the Whooshers.com website. As I see many such patients, I wanted to summarize a bit on tinnitus, pulse in ear, ringing in ear and whooshing in ear sensations. SPINAL STENOSIS IS A CAUSE FOR LEG PAIN WHEN WALKING The mechanism for symptoms in spinal stenosis is unclear. As a vascular physician I see many patients with leg pain when walking. For these patients I often need to differentiate between peripheral artery disease and other causes of leg pain. One such cause is spinal stenosis. You will notice that this post is marked as a “blog”

post.

LEG PAIN WITH WALKING: CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENTS Leg pain when walking is common. The two most common causes are plaque buildup and a pinched nerve. Plaque buildup and artery blockages are called peripheral artery disease. The leg pain is called intermittent claudication. When a pinched nerve causes the MUSCLE CRAMPS AT NIGHT. WAYS TO PREVENT THEM ON YOUR OWN! Look for tonic water. Most tonic water contains a low quantity of quinine. But sometimes that low quantity is enough. This is why some people drink a bit of tonic water before going to bed to prevent night cramps. Tonic water may help with muscle cramps at night. Finally, one important word of caution regarding quinine. COLD TOES: CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS AND POSSIBLE TREATMENT Sometimes cold toes are a result of a disease. Two common examples are a malfunctioning thyroid gland and poorly functioning kidneys. A poor heart pump function will also result in too little blood from arriving at the toes and a cold sensation. Another less well known condition is a result of lack of internal steroids. BLOOD THINNERS AND SURGERY: WHEN TO STOP? WHEN TO START? Typically stop Warfarin 5 days before surgery. Typically stop medications like rivaroxaban, apixaban and dabigatran 2-3 days before surgery. These are just estimated numbers and they change from patient to patient and from procedure to procedure. If clotting risk is not low – You may not want to stop thinning your blood for too long. UNNA BOOT APPLICATION: A STEP BY STEP GUIDE WITH PICTURES Unna boots have several advantages: Unna boots provide static compression. This is good when edema is a concern. Unna boot application results in zinc being in proximity with the wound. Zinc is anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory. Zinc promotes wound healing. Unna boots occlude the wound. This keeps wound surfaces moist and

promotes healing.

PITFALLS OF CAROTID ULTRASOUND Other pitfalls of carotid ultrasound. Except for the above there are other very common anatomic variants that may affect the quality of carotid ultrasound: A tortuous carotid artery can bring to falsely elevated velocity readings. This is because the velocity in a bend can

seem high.

SWOLLEN ANKLES AFTER FLIGHT: WHAT ARE THE CAUSES? WHAT CAN Compression stockings are the most common therapy for swollen legs. We get asked about swollen ankles after flight a lot. People want to know why their ankles swelled and if they should worry. In truth, this is a difficult question to answer. This is because legs ONE LEG SWELLING: 9 CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT Baker’s Cyst. A ruptured Baker’s cyst can cause acute pain and calf swelling that is sometimes hard to tell from a deep vein thrombosis. To make the diagnosis you have to use imaging such as an ultrasound. Baker’s cyst on B-mode ultrasound. 3. A Bleed into the Leg. A bleed into the leg can be dangerous or small. LEG SWELLING AFTER SURGERY: CAUSES, PREVENTION AND DIAGNOSIS Less obvious reasons for leg swelling after surgery are also considered. For instance, a blood clot in the lungs, pulmonary embolism, can cause right heart strain. Leg swelling may be one of the presenting signs. Also, never forget to look at the medication list. Sometimes certain medications are stopped before surgery. STATINS AND LEG PAIN: WHAT IS THE CONNECTION? WHAT IS THE Many patients have heard of a possible connection between statins and leg pain. So, if they start a statin and suffer any kind of pain, they may want to stop the medication. On the one hand, that may be the safest approach. If muscle symptoms are building up, avoiding more severe symptoms is logical. On the other hand, when symptoms are more DIURETICS FOR EDEMA: WHEN THE CURE MAKES THE PROBLEM WORSE Then, if the patient stops taking the diuretics, for a while, the sodium retention mechanisms overwhelm the natural diuresis capacity of the kidneys. These mechanisms are mediated through the renin-angiotensin system. Clinically, this can result in rebound edema and in weight gain. For this reason, many patients continue to take

the diuretics.

CALF PAIN WHEN WALKING: CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT Elevated pressure in the calf that is called compartment syndrome can result in calf pain with walking or calf pain after walking as well. Muscle tightness – In my opinion tight muscles are the most overlooked reason for calf pain when walking. This is especially the case in elderly people. LEG PAIN WHEN WALKING AND STANDING: CAUSES AND DIAGNOSIS Leg pain when walking and standing is different from leg pain when walking.The standing component is a big clue to the causes. Many causes are not vascular. Common causes include sciatica, osteoarthritis, tight muscles and spinal stenosis. SWOLLEN FEET AFTER SITTING: 10 CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT Swollen feet after sitting are common. The swelling can be a sign of danger, but often is not. Examples of more dangerous causes include

blood clots

ONE LEG SWELLING: 9 CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT Baker’s Cyst. A ruptured Baker’s cyst can cause acute pain and calf swelling that is sometimes hard to tell from a deep vein thrombosis. To make the diagnosis you have to use imaging such as an ultrasound. Baker’s cyst on B-mode ultrasound. 3. A Bleed into the Leg. A bleed into the leg can be dangerous or small. LEG SWELLING AFTER SURGERY: CAUSES, PREVENTION AND DIAGNOSIS Less obvious reasons for leg swelling after surgery are also considered. For instance, a blood clot in the lungs, pulmonary embolism, can cause right heart strain. Leg swelling may be one of the presenting signs. Also, never forget to look at the medication list. Sometimes certain medications are stopped before surgery. STATINS AND LEG PAIN: WHAT IS THE CONNECTION? WHAT IS THE Many patients have heard of a possible connection between statins and leg pain. So, if they start a statin and suffer any kind of pain, they may want to stop the medication. On the one hand, that may be the safest approach. If muscle symptoms are building up, avoiding more severe symptoms is logical. On the other hand, when symptoms are more DIURETICS FOR EDEMA: WHEN THE CURE MAKES THE PROBLEM WORSE Then, if the patient stops taking the diuretics, for a while, the sodium retention mechanisms overwhelm the natural diuresis capacity of the kidneys. These mechanisms are mediated through the renin-angiotensin system. Clinically, this can result in rebound edema and in weight gain. For this reason, many patients continue to take

the diuretics.

CALF PAIN WHEN WALKING: CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT Elevated pressure in the calf that is called compartment syndrome can result in calf pain with walking or calf pain after walking as well. Muscle tightness – In my opinion tight muscles are the most overlooked reason for calf pain when walking. This is especially the case in elderly people. LEG PAIN WHEN WALKING AND STANDING: CAUSES AND DIAGNOSIS Leg pain when walking and standing is different from leg pain when walking.The standing component is a big clue to the causes. Many causes are not vascular. Common causes include sciatica, osteoarthritis, tight muscles and spinal stenosis. SWOLLEN FEET AFTER SITTING: 10 CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT Swollen feet after sitting are common. The swelling can be a sign of danger, but often is not. Examples of more dangerous causes include

blood clots

LEG PAIN WHEN WALKING AND STANDING: CAUSES AND DIAGNOSIS Leg pain when walking and standing is different from leg pain when walking.The standing component is a big clue to the causes. Many causes are not vascular. Common causes include sciatica, osteoarthritis, tight muscles and spinal stenosis. WHOOSHING IN EAR: WHAT IS IT? WHAT ARE THE TREATMENTS? A whooshing in ear sound is common in fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD). Unfortunately, the mechanism is not well known. There is also very little to do. One resource is the Whooshers.com website. As I see many such patients, I wanted to summarize a bit on tinnitus, pulse in ear, ringing in ear and whooshing in ear sensations. LEG PAIN WITH WALKING: CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENTS Leg pain when walking is common. The two most common causes are plaque buildup and a pinched nerve. Plaque buildup and artery blockages are called peripheral artery disease. The leg pain is called intermittent claudication. When a pinched nerve causes the SPINAL STENOSIS IS A CAUSE FOR LEG PAIN WHEN WALKING The mechanism for symptoms in spinal stenosis is unclear. As a vascular physician I see many patients with leg pain when walking. For these patients I often need to differentiate between peripheral artery disease and other causes of leg pain. One such cause is spinal stenosis. You will notice that this post is marked as a “blog”

post.

MUSCLE CRAMPS AT NIGHT. WAYS TO PREVENT THEM ON YOUR OWN! Look for tonic water. Most tonic water contains a low quantity of quinine. But sometimes that low quantity is enough. This is why some people drink a bit of tonic water before going to bed to prevent night cramps. Tonic water may help with muscle cramps at night. Finally, one important word of caution regarding quinine. COLD TOES: CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS AND POSSIBLE TREATMENT Sometimes cold toes are a result of a disease. Two common examples are a malfunctioning thyroid gland and poorly functioning kidneys. A poor heart pump function will also result in too little blood from arriving at the toes and a cold sensation. Another less well known condition is a result of lack of internal steroids. UNNA BOOT APPLICATION: A STEP BY STEP GUIDE WITH PICTURES Unna boots have several advantages: Unna boots provide static compression. This is good when edema is a concern. Unna boot application results in zinc being in proximity with the wound. Zinc is anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory. Zinc promotes wound healing. Unna boots occlude the wound. This keeps wound surfaces moist and

promotes healing.

BLOOD THINNERS AND SURGERY: WHEN TO STOP? WHEN TO START? Typically stop Warfarin 5 days before surgery. Typically stop medications like rivaroxaban, apixaban and dabigatran 2-3 days before surgery. These are just estimated numbers and they change from patient to patient and from procedure to procedure. If clotting risk is not low – You may not want to stop thinning your blood for too long. PITFALLS OF CAROTID ULTRASOUND Other pitfalls of carotid ultrasound. Except for the above there are other very common anatomic variants that may affect the quality of carotid ultrasound: A tortuous carotid artery can bring to falsely elevated velocity readings. This is because the velocity in a bend can

seem high.

SWOLLEN ANKLES AFTER FLIGHT: WHAT ARE THE CAUSES? WHAT CAN Compression stockings are the most common therapy for swollen legs. We get asked about swollen ankles after flight a lot. People want to know why their ankles swelled and if they should worry. In truth, this is a difficult question to answer. This is because legs REGISTER NEW ACCOUNT

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August 13, 2020

RESTLESS LEG SYNDROME Patients with restless leg syndrome have an urge to move their legs. This urge happens during periods of rest. It is more common in the evening and at night. Movement relieves the urge and calms the unpleasant sensation that caused it in the first place. While restless

leg syndrome is…

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February 17th, 2021

FLYING AFTER PULMONARY EMBOLISM Deciding when a patient can fly after a pulmonary embolism (PE) comes up a lot. There are several reasons for this. First, flight is a risk factor for pulmonary embolism. So patients might have a PE far from home. Second, people move around. Patients who experience a pulmonary

embolism may…

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MESENTERIC ARTERY DISSECTION The main mesenteric arteries are the celiac artery, superior mesenteric artery and inferior mesenteric artery. Mesenteric artery dissection is divided by location. The most common are celiac artery dissection and SMA dissection. Mesenteric artery dissection can result in symptoms of acute mesenteric ischemia or can be asymptomatic. Depending on symptoms,…

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August 15th, 2020

LEG SWELLING AFTER SURGERY Leg swelling after surgery is common. Usually the cause is transient fluid overload or third-spacing of fluid because of the stress of surgery. But sometimes the cause can be more serious like a deep vein thrombosis, or damage to the heart. Also, swelling in both legs is different than one…

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August 13, 2020

RESTLESS LEG SYNDROME Patients with restless leg syndrome have an urge to move their legs. This urge happens during periods of rest. It is more common in the evening and at night. Movement relieves the urge and calms the unpleasant sensation that caused it in the first place. While restless

leg syndrome is…

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__ Dr. Ido Weinberg at __

February 17th, 2021

FLYING AFTER PULMONARY EMBOLISM Deciding when a patient can fly after a pulmonary embolism (PE) comes up a lot. There are several reasons for this. First, flight is a risk factor for pulmonary embolism. So patients might have a PE far from home. Second, people move around. Patients who experience a pulmonary

embolism may…

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__ Dr. Ido Weinberg at __

August 17th, 2020

MESENTERIC ARTERY DISSECTION The main mesenteric arteries are the celiac artery, superior mesenteric artery and inferior mesenteric artery. Mesenteric artery dissection is divided by location. The most common are celiac artery dissection and SMA dissection. Mesenteric artery dissection can result in symptoms of acute mesenteric ischemia or can be asymptomatic. Depending on symptoms,…

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August 15th, 2020

LEG SWELLING AFTER SURGERY Leg swelling after surgery is common. Usually the cause is transient fluid overload or third-spacing of fluid because of the stress of surgery. But sometimes the cause can be more serious like a deep vein thrombosis, or damage to the heart. Also, swelling in both legs is different than one…

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August 13, 2020

RESTLESS LEG SYNDROME Patients with restless leg syndrome have an urge to move their legs. This urge happens during periods of rest. It is more common in the evening and at night. Movement relieves the urge and calms the unpleasant sensation that caused it in the first place. While restless

leg syndrome is…

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December 17th, 2018

ACTIVITY RESTRICTIONS AFTER ARTERY DISSECTION Patients who have experienced a non-traumatic artery dissection have basically proven that their arteries are weak. Thus, there is a more than theoretical risk that another dissection can happen. It can occur either at the same location or at a new one. Patients obviously would like to avoid another dissection,... Do you like it?____0

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August 7th, 2020

RUTHERFORD CLASSIFICATION The Rutherford classification is a staging system to describe lower extremity ischemia. There is a version for chronic limb ischemia and a version for acute limb ischemia. The chronic limb ischemia classification includes stages 0 to 6. Stage 0 is asymptomatic peripheral artery disease. Stage 6 means critical limb ischemia... Do you like it?____0

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July 12th, 2020

FALSE VASCULAR EMERGENCY There are not many situations in vascular medicine that can truly be called a ‘vascular emergency’. Several examples of obviously real vascular emergencies include acute limb ischemia, massive pulmonary embolism, ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection and stroke. But vascular medicine is a field filled with false vascular emergency situations.... Do you like it?____0

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COVID-19 BLOOD CLOTS RELEASED __ Apr 24, 2020 Lately, COVID-19 blood clots became a topic of popular media. The Washington Post reported...

COVID TOES?

RELEASED __ Apr 26, 2020 WARNING! This may not be the COVID Toes article you want to read.

But,...

SWOLLEN FEET AFTER SITTING RELEASED __ Apr 11, 2018 Swollen feet after sitting are common. The swelling can be a sign of

danger,...

PURPLE FEET

RELEASED __ Apr 09, 2018 Purple feet can be a sign of poor circulation, which can be dangerous.

But...

CALF PAIN WHEN WALKING RELEASED __ Mar 26, 2018 Calf pain when walking and calf pain after walking are common. Sometimes blocked arteries... get personal updates

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