Are you over 18 and want to see adult content?
More Annotations
Εκκενώσεις βόθρων - Φθηνά και αξιόπιστα
Are you over 18 and want to see adult content?
Bread | Full-funnel, white-labeled financing solution
Are you over 18 and want to see adult content?
Квадрокоптеры и дроны в онлайн журнале - Дрономания.ру
Are you over 18 and want to see adult content?
Synonymbog.com - Danske synonymer og udtryk
Are you over 18 and want to see adult content?
GBM - Gulf Business Machines - Accelerating Digital Transformation
Are you over 18 and want to see adult content?
Favourite Annotations
A complete backup of www.wkyc.com/article/sports/nba/cavaliers/kevin-love-says-cavs-players-could-have-done-more-to-help-john-be
Are you over 18 and want to see adult content?
A complete backup of calendar.fontanka.ru/articles/9269/
Are you over 18 and want to see adult content?
A complete backup of tamil.samayam.com/education/board-exams/ssc-cgl-tier-1-admit-card-2020-to-release-on-its-zonal-website-chec
Are you over 18 and want to see adult content?
A complete backup of www.clarin.com/internacional/mexico/encontraron-casa-secuestrada-fatima-cecilia-aldrighetti-nena-feminicidi
Are you over 18 and want to see adult content?
Text
TWO-LEVEL INDEX
Explanation of the Two-Level Index of the Dictionary of Algorithms and Data Structures. This web site is hosted by the Software and Systems Division, Information Technology Laboratory, NIST. This site is a dictionary of algorithms, algorithmic techniques, data structures, archetypal problems, andPOSTMAN'S SORT
(algorithm) Definition: A highly engineered variant of top-down radix sort where attributes of the key are described so the algorithm can allocate buckets and distribute efficiently. Generalization (I am a kind of ) top-down radix sort.. See also multikey Quicksort.. Note: This is the algorithm used by letter-sorting machines in the post office: first states, then post offices, then routesN-ARY FUNCTION
(definition) Definition: (1) A function with exactly n arguments. (2) A function which takes any number of arguments, or a variable number of arguments. See also constant function, unary function, binary function, trinary function.. Note: By analogy with unary, binary, etc. NONDETERMINISTIC ALGORITHM (algorithmic technique) Definition: A conceptual algorithm with more than one allowed step at certain times and which always takes the right or best step. It is not random, as in randomized algorithm, or indeterminate.Rather it has the supercomputational characteristic of RATCLIFF/OBERSHELP PATTERN RECOGNITION Ratcliff/Obershelp pattern recognition. (algorithm) Definition: Compute the similarity of two strings as the number of matching characters divided by the total number of characters in the two strings. Matching characters are those in the longest common substring plus, recursively, matching characters in the unmatched region oneither side of
ORTHOGONAL LISTS
(data structure) Definition: Lists that share items, but are structurally independent. Aggregate parent (I am a part of or used in ) sparse matrix.. Aggregate child ( is a part of or used in me.) list.. Note: The lists are interweaved through items. For instance, we may keep people on three orthogonal lists by hair color, gender, and country of residence or data values in a sparse matrixTERNARY SEARCH TREE
(data structure) Definition: A 3-way tree where every node's left subtree has keys less than the node's key, every middle subtree has keys equal to the node's key, and every right subtree has keys greater than the node's key. If the key is a multikey (string, array, list, etc.), the middle subtree organizes by the next subkey (character, array or list item, etc.) ADJACENCY-LIST REPRESENTATION (data structure) Definition: A representation of a directed graph with n vertices using an array of n lists of vertices. List i contains vertex j if there is an edge from vertex i to vertex j. A weighted graph may be represented with a list of vertex/weight pairs. An undirected graph may be represented by having vertex j in the list for vertex i and vertex i in the list for vertex j.EXTREME POINT
If you have suggestions, corrections, or comments, please get in touch with Paul Black.. Entry modified 17 December 2004. HTML page formatted Wed Mar 13 12:42:45 2019.STRONGLY NP-HARD
If you have suggestions, corrections, or comments, please get in touch with Paul Black.. Entry modified 17 December 2004. HTML page formatted Wed Mar 13 12:42:46 2019.TWO-LEVEL INDEX
Explanation of the Two-Level Index of the Dictionary of Algorithms and Data Structures. This web site is hosted by the Software and Systems Division, Information Technology Laboratory, NIST. This site is a dictionary of algorithms, algorithmic techniques, data structures, archetypal problems, andPOSTMAN'S SORT
(algorithm) Definition: A highly engineered variant of top-down radix sort where attributes of the key are described so the algorithm can allocate buckets and distribute efficiently. Generalization (I am a kind of ) top-down radix sort.. See also multikey Quicksort.. Note: This is the algorithm used by letter-sorting machines in the post office: first states, then post offices, then routesN-ARY FUNCTION
(definition) Definition: (1) A function with exactly n arguments. (2) A function which takes any number of arguments, or a variable number of arguments. See also constant function, unary function, binary function, trinary function.. Note: By analogy with unary, binary, etc. NONDETERMINISTIC ALGORITHM (algorithmic technique) Definition: A conceptual algorithm with more than one allowed step at certain times and which always takes the right or best step. It is not random, as in randomized algorithm, or indeterminate.Rather it has the supercomputational characteristic of RATCLIFF/OBERSHELP PATTERN RECOGNITION Ratcliff/Obershelp pattern recognition. (algorithm) Definition: Compute the similarity of two strings as the number of matching characters divided by the total number of characters in the two strings. Matching characters are those in the longest common substring plus, recursively, matching characters in the unmatched region oneither side of
ORTHOGONAL LISTS
(data structure) Definition: Lists that share items, but are structurally independent. Aggregate parent (I am a part of or used in ) sparse matrix.. Aggregate child ( is a part of or used in me.) list.. Note: The lists are interweaved through items. For instance, we may keep people on three orthogonal lists by hair color, gender, and country of residence or data values in a sparse matrixTERNARY SEARCH TREE
(data structure) Definition: A 3-way tree where every node's left subtree has keys less than the node's key, every middle subtree has keys equal to the node's key, and every right subtree has keys greater than the node's key. If the key is a multikey (string, array, list, etc.), the middle subtree organizes by the next subkey (character, array or list item, etc.) ADJACENCY-LIST REPRESENTATION (data structure) Definition: A representation of a directed graph with n vertices using an array of n lists of vertices. List i contains vertex j if there is an edge from vertex i to vertex j. A weighted graph may be represented with a list of vertex/weight pairs. An undirected graph may be represented by having vertex j in the list for vertex i and vertex i in the list for vertex j.EXTREME POINT
If you have suggestions, corrections, or comments, please get in touch with Paul Black.. Entry modified 17 December 2004. HTML page formatted Wed Mar 13 12:42:45 2019.STRONGLY NP-HARD
If you have suggestions, corrections, or comments, please get in touch with Paul Black.. Entry modified 17 December 2004. HTML page formatted Wed Mar 13 12:42:46 2019.P-TREE - NIST
(data structure) Definition: (1) A spatial access method that defines hyperplanes, in addition to the orthogonal dimensions, which node boundaries may parallel. Space is split by hierarchically nested polytopes (multidimensional boxes with nonrectangular sides). The R-tree is a special case that has no additional hyperplanes. (2) A spatial access method that splits space by hierarchically NONDETERMINISTIC ALGORITHM (algorithmic technique) Definition: A conceptual algorithm with more than one allowed step at certain times and which always takes the right or best step. It is not random, as in randomized algorithm, or indeterminate.Rather it has the supercomputational characteristic ofN-ARY FUNCTION
(definition) Definition: (1) A function with exactly n arguments. (2) A function which takes any number of arguments, or a variable number of arguments. See also constant function, unary function, binary function, trinary function.. Note: By analogy with unary, binary, etc.ORTHOGONAL LISTS
(data structure) Definition: Lists that share items, but are structurally independent. Aggregate parent (I am a part of or used in ) sparse matrix.. Aggregate child ( is a part of or used in me.) list.. Note: The lists are interweaved through items. For instance, we may keep people on three orthogonal lists by hair color, gender, and country of residence or data values in a sparse matrixIN-ORDER TRAVERSAL
(algorithm) Definition: Process all nodes of a tree by recursively processing the left subtree, then processing the root, and finally the right subtree. Also known as symmetric traversal.. Generalization (I am a kind of ) tree traversal, depth-first search.. Aggregate parent (I am a part of or used in ) treesort (1). See also postorder traversal, preorder traversal, level-order traversalEXTREME POINT
If you have suggestions, corrections, or comments, please get in touch with Paul Black.. Entry modified 17 December 2004. HTML page formatted Wed Mar 13 12:42:45 2019. INVERSE ACKERMANN FUNCTION (algorithm) Definition: A function of two parameters whose value grows very, very slowly. Formal Definition: α(m,n) = min{i≥ 1: A(i, ⌊ m/n⌋) > log 2 n} where A(i,j) is Ackermann's function. Also known as α.. See also Ackermann's function.. Note: This is not strictly the inverse of Ackermann's function. Rather, this grows as slowly as Ackermann's function grows quickly.MERKLE TREE
(data structure) Definition: A tree (usually a binary tree) in which each internal node has a hash of all the information in the leaf nodes under it. Specifically, each internal node has a hash of the information in its children.Each leaf has a hash of the block of information it represents.BV-TREE
Definition of BV-tree, possibly with links to more information andimplementations.
ADJACENCY-LIST REPRESENTATION (data structure) Definition: A representation of a directed graph with n vertices using an array of n lists of vertices. List i contains vertex j if there is an edge from vertex i to vertex j. A weighted graph may be represented with a list of vertex/weight pairs. An undirected graph may be represented by having vertex j in the list for vertex i and vertex i in the list for vertex j. DICTIONARY OF ALGORITHMS AND DATA STRUCTURES This web site is hosted by the Software and Systems Division, Information Technology Laboratory, NIST.Development of this dictionary started in 1998 under the editorship of Paul E. Black. This is a dictionary of algorithms, algorithmic techniques, data structures, archetypal problems, andP-TREE - NIST
(data structure) Definition: (1) A spatial access method that defines hyperplanes, in addition to the orthogonal dimensions, which node boundaries may parallel. Space is split by hierarchically nested polytopes (multidimensional boxes with nonrectangular sides). The R-tree is a special case that has no additional hyperplanes. (2) A spatial access method that splits space by hierarchicallyTWO-LEVEL INDEX
Explanation of the Two-Level Index of the Dictionary of Algorithms and Data Structures. This web site is hosted by the Software and Systems Division, Information Technology Laboratory, NIST. This site is a dictionary of algorithms, algorithmic techniques, data structures, archetypal problems, andNP-HARD - NIST
NP-hard. Definition: The complexity class of decision problems that are intrinsically harder than those that can be solved by a nondeterministic Turing machine in polynomial time. When a decision version of a combinatorial optimization problem is proved to belong to the class of NP-complete problems, then the optimization version isNP-hard.
TRICONNECTED GRAPH
(definition) Definition: A connected graph such that deleting any two vertices (and incident edges) results in a graph that is still connected. See also biconnected graph, k-connected graph, cut vertex.. Note: After Tomas Rokicki , 24 December 2002. Informally, there are at least three independent paths from any vertex to any other vertex. LAST-COME FIRST-SERVED HASHING If you have suggestions, corrections, or comments, please get in touch with Paul Black.. Entry modified 19 January 2021. HTML page formatted Tue Jan 19 08:57:16 2021. NONDETERMINISTIC ALGORITHM (algorithmic technique) Definition: A conceptual algorithm with more than one allowed step at certain times and which always takes the right or best step. It is not random, as in randomized algorithm, or indeterminate.Rather it has the supercomputational characteristic ofBIG-O NOTATION
(definition) Definition: A theoretical measure of the execution of an algorithm, usually the time or memory needed, given the problem size n, which is usually the number of items.Informally, saying some equation f(n) = O(g(n)) means it is less than some constant multiple of g(n). The notation is read, "fIN-ORDER TRAVERSAL
(algorithm) Definition: Process all nodes of a tree by recursively processing the left subtree, then processing the root, and finally the right subtree. Also known as symmetric traversal.. Generalization (I am a kind of ) tree traversal, depth-first search.. Aggregate parent (I am a part of or used in ) treesort (1). See also postorder traversal, preorder traversal, level-order traversalDECIDABLE PROBLEM
If you have suggestions, corrections, or comments, please get in touch with Paul Black.. Entry modified 17 December 2004. HTML page formatted Wed Mar 13 12:42:45 2019. DICTIONARY OF ALGORITHMS AND DATA STRUCTURES This web site is hosted by the Software and Systems Division, Information Technology Laboratory, NIST.Development of this dictionary started in 1998 under the editorship of Paul E. Black. This is a dictionary of algorithms, algorithmic techniques, data structures, archetypal problems, andP-TREE - NIST
(data structure) Definition: (1) A spatial access method that defines hyperplanes, in addition to the orthogonal dimensions, which node boundaries may parallel. Space is split by hierarchically nested polytopes (multidimensional boxes with nonrectangular sides). The R-tree is a special case that has no additional hyperplanes. (2) A spatial access method that splits space by hierarchicallyTWO-LEVEL INDEX
Explanation of the Two-Level Index of the Dictionary of Algorithms and Data Structures. This web site is hosted by the Software and Systems Division, Information Technology Laboratory, NIST. This site is a dictionary of algorithms, algorithmic techniques, data structures, archetypal problems, andNP-HARD - NIST
NP-hard. Definition: The complexity class of decision problems that are intrinsically harder than those that can be solved by a nondeterministic Turing machine in polynomial time. When a decision version of a combinatorial optimization problem is proved to belong to the class of NP-complete problems, then the optimization version isNP-hard.
TRICONNECTED GRAPH
(definition) Definition: A connected graph such that deleting any two vertices (and incident edges) results in a graph that is still connected. See also biconnected graph, k-connected graph, cut vertex.. Note: After Tomas Rokicki , 24 December 2002. Informally, there are at least three independent paths from any vertex to any other vertex. LAST-COME FIRST-SERVED HASHING If you have suggestions, corrections, or comments, please get in touch with Paul Black.. Entry modified 19 January 2021. HTML page formatted Tue Jan 19 08:57:16 2021. NONDETERMINISTIC ALGORITHM (algorithmic technique) Definition: A conceptual algorithm with more than one allowed step at certain times and which always takes the right or best step. It is not random, as in randomized algorithm, or indeterminate.Rather it has the supercomputational characteristic ofBIG-O NOTATION
(definition) Definition: A theoretical measure of the execution of an algorithm, usually the time or memory needed, given the problem size n, which is usually the number of items.Informally, saying some equation f(n) = O(g(n)) means it is less than some constant multiple of g(n). The notation is read, "fIN-ORDER TRAVERSAL
(algorithm) Definition: Process all nodes of a tree by recursively processing the left subtree, then processing the root, and finally the right subtree. Also known as symmetric traversal.. Generalization (I am a kind of ) tree traversal, depth-first search.. Aggregate parent (I am a part of or used in ) treesort (1). See also postorder traversal, preorder traversal, level-order traversalDECIDABLE PROBLEM
If you have suggestions, corrections, or comments, please get in touch with Paul Black.. Entry modified 17 December 2004. HTML page formatted Wed Mar 13 12:42:45 2019. DICTIONARY OF ALGORITHMS AND DATA STRUCTURES This web site is hosted by the Software and Systems Division, Information Technology Laboratory, NIST.Development of this dictionary started in 1998 under the editorship of Paul E. Black. This is a dictionary of algorithms, algorithmic techniques, data structures, archetypal problems, andP-TREE - NIST
(data structure) Definition: (1) A spatial access method that defines hyperplanes, in addition to the orthogonal dimensions, which node boundaries may parallel. Space is split by hierarchically nested polytopes (multidimensional boxes with nonrectangular sides). The R-tree is a special case that has no additional hyperplanes. (2) A spatial access method that splits space by hierarchicallyIN-ORDER TRAVERSAL
(algorithm) Definition: Process all nodes of a tree by recursively processing the left subtree, then processing the root, and finally the right subtree. Also known as symmetric traversal.. Generalization (I am a kind of ) tree traversal, depth-first search.. Aggregate parent (I am a part of or used in ) treesort (1). See also postorder traversal, preorder traversal, level-order traversal COMPLETE BINARY TREE (data structure) Definition: A binary tree in which every level (depth), except possibly the deepest, is completely filled. At depth n, the height of the tree, all nodes must be as far left as possible.. Generalization (I am a kind of ) complete tree, binary tree.. Specialization ( is a kind of me.) binary heap, perfect binary tree.. See also full binary tree, extendible hashing, heap.MERKLE TREE
(data structure) Definition: A tree (usually a binary tree) in which each internal node has a hash of all the information in the leaf nodes under it. Specifically, each internal node has a hash of the information in its children.Each leaf has a hash of the block of information it represents.BINGO SORT - NIST
(algorithm) Definition: A variant of selection sort that orders items by first finding the least value, then repeatedly moving all items with that value to their final location and find the least value for the next pass. This is more efficient than selection sort if there are many duplicate values. Generalization (I am a kind of ) selection sort.. See also counting sort.PREORDER TRAVERSAL
(algorithm) Definition: Process all nodes of a tree by processing the root, then recursively processing all subtrees. Also known as prefix traversal.. Generalization (I am a kind of ) tree traversal, depth-first search.. See also in-order traversal, postorder traversal, level-order traversal, Cupif-Giannini tree traversal.. Note: For instance, if the "processing" is just printing, a tree isNP-COMPLETE
(definition) Definition: The complexity class of decision problems for which answers can be checked for correctness, given a certificate, by an algorithm whose run time is polynomial in the size of the input (that is, it is NP) and no other NP problem is more than a polynomial factor harder.Informally, a problem is NP-complete if answers can be verified quickly, and a quick algorithm to solveK-D-B-TREE - NIST
If you have suggestions, corrections, or comments, please get in touch with Paul Black.. Entry modified 17 December 2004. HTML page formatted Wed Mar 13 12:42:46 2019.LITTLE-O NOTATION
(definition) Definition: A theoretical measure of the execution of an algorithm, usually the time or memory needed, given the problem size n, which is usually the number of items.Informally, saying some equation f(n) = o(g(n)) means f(n) becomes insignificant relative to g(n) as n approaches infinity. DICTIONARY OF ALGORITHMS AND DATA STRUCTURES This web site is hosted by the Software and Systems Division, Information Technology Laboratory, NIST.Development of this dictionary started in 1998 under the editorship of Paul E. Black. This is a dictionary of algorithms, algorithmic techniques, data structures, archetypal problems, andP-TREE - NIST
(data structure) Definition: (1) A spatial access method that defines hyperplanes, in addition to the orthogonal dimensions, which node boundaries may parallel. Space is split by hierarchically nested polytopes (multidimensional boxes with nonrectangular sides). The R-tree is a special case that has no additional hyperplanes. (2) A spatial access method that splits space by hierarchicallyTWO-LEVEL INDEX
Explanation of the Two-Level Index of the Dictionary of Algorithms and Data Structures. This web site is hosted by the Software and Systems Division, Information Technology Laboratory, NIST. This site is a dictionary of algorithms, algorithmic techniques, data structures, archetypal problems, andNP-HARD - NIST
NP-hard. Definition: The complexity class of decision problems that are intrinsically harder than those that can be solved by a nondeterministic Turing machine in polynomial time. When a decision version of a combinatorial optimization problem is proved to belong to the class of NP-complete problems, then the optimization version isNP-hard.
TRICONNECTED GRAPH
(definition) Definition: A connected graph such that deleting any two vertices (and incident edges) results in a graph that is still connected. See also biconnected graph, k-connected graph, cut vertex.. Note: After Tomas Rokicki , 24 December 2002. Informally, there are at least three independent paths from any vertex to any other vertex. LAST-COME FIRST-SERVED HASHING If you have suggestions, corrections, or comments, please get in touch with Paul Black.. Entry modified 19 January 2021. HTML page formatted Tue Jan 19 08:57:16 2021. NONDETERMINISTIC ALGORITHM (algorithmic technique) Definition: A conceptual algorithm with more than one allowed step at certain times and which always takes the right or best step. It is not random, as in randomized algorithm, or indeterminate.Rather it has the supercomputational characteristic ofBIG-O NOTATION
(definition) Definition: A theoretical measure of the execution of an algorithm, usually the time or memory needed, given the problem size n, which is usually the number of items.Informally, saying some equation f(n) = O(g(n)) means it is less than some constant multiple of g(n). The notation is read, "fIN-ORDER TRAVERSAL
(algorithm) Definition: Process all nodes of a tree by recursively processing the left subtree, then processing the root, and finally the right subtree. Also known as symmetric traversal.. Generalization (I am a kind of ) tree traversal, depth-first search.. Aggregate parent (I am a part of or used in ) treesort (1). See also postorder traversal, preorder traversal, level-order traversalDECIDABLE PROBLEM
If you have suggestions, corrections, or comments, please get in touch with Paul Black.. Entry modified 17 December 2004. HTML page formatted Wed Mar 13 12:42:45 2019. DICTIONARY OF ALGORITHMS AND DATA STRUCTURES This web site is hosted by the Software and Systems Division, Information Technology Laboratory, NIST.Development of this dictionary started in 1998 under the editorship of Paul E. Black. This is a dictionary of algorithms, algorithmic techniques, data structures, archetypal problems, andP-TREE - NIST
(data structure) Definition: (1) A spatial access method that defines hyperplanes, in addition to the orthogonal dimensions, which node boundaries may parallel. Space is split by hierarchically nested polytopes (multidimensional boxes with nonrectangular sides). The R-tree is a special case that has no additional hyperplanes. (2) A spatial access method that splits space by hierarchicallyTWO-LEVEL INDEX
Explanation of the Two-Level Index of the Dictionary of Algorithms and Data Structures. This web site is hosted by the Software and Systems Division, Information Technology Laboratory, NIST. This site is a dictionary of algorithms, algorithmic techniques, data structures, archetypal problems, andNP-HARD - NIST
NP-hard. Definition: The complexity class of decision problems that are intrinsically harder than those that can be solved by a nondeterministic Turing machine in polynomial time. When a decision version of a combinatorial optimization problem is proved to belong to the class of NP-complete problems, then the optimization version isNP-hard.
TRICONNECTED GRAPH
(definition) Definition: A connected graph such that deleting any two vertices (and incident edges) results in a graph that is still connected. See also biconnected graph, k-connected graph, cut vertex.. Note: After Tomas Rokicki , 24 December 2002. Informally, there are at least three independent paths from any vertex to any other vertex. LAST-COME FIRST-SERVED HASHING If you have suggestions, corrections, or comments, please get in touch with Paul Black.. Entry modified 19 January 2021. HTML page formatted Tue Jan 19 08:57:16 2021. NONDETERMINISTIC ALGORITHM (algorithmic technique) Definition: A conceptual algorithm with more than one allowed step at certain times and which always takes the right or best step. It is not random, as in randomized algorithm, or indeterminate.Rather it has the supercomputational characteristic ofBIG-O NOTATION
(definition) Definition: A theoretical measure of the execution of an algorithm, usually the time or memory needed, given the problem size n, which is usually the number of items.Informally, saying some equation f(n) = O(g(n)) means it is less than some constant multiple of g(n). The notation is read, "fIN-ORDER TRAVERSAL
(algorithm) Definition: Process all nodes of a tree by recursively processing the left subtree, then processing the root, and finally the right subtree. Also known as symmetric traversal.. Generalization (I am a kind of ) tree traversal, depth-first search.. Aggregate parent (I am a part of or used in ) treesort (1). See also postorder traversal, preorder traversal, level-order traversalDECIDABLE PROBLEM
If you have suggestions, corrections, or comments, please get in touch with Paul Black.. Entry modified 17 December 2004. HTML page formatted Wed Mar 13 12:42:45 2019. DICTIONARY OF ALGORITHMS AND DATA STRUCTURES This web site is hosted by the Software and Systems Division, Information Technology Laboratory, NIST.Development of this dictionary started in 1998 under the editorship of Paul E. Black. This is a dictionary of algorithms, algorithmic techniques, data structures, archetypal problems, andP-TREE - NIST
(data structure) Definition: (1) A spatial access method that defines hyperplanes, in addition to the orthogonal dimensions, which node boundaries may parallel. Space is split by hierarchically nested polytopes (multidimensional boxes with nonrectangular sides). The R-tree is a special case that has no additional hyperplanes. (2) A spatial access method that splits space by hierarchicallyIN-ORDER TRAVERSAL
(algorithm) Definition: Process all nodes of a tree by recursively processing the left subtree, then processing the root, and finally the right subtree. Also known as symmetric traversal.. Generalization (I am a kind of ) tree traversal, depth-first search.. Aggregate parent (I am a part of or used in ) treesort (1). See also postorder traversal, preorder traversal, level-order traversal COMPLETE BINARY TREE (data structure) Definition: A binary tree in which every level (depth), except possibly the deepest, is completely filled. At depth n, the height of the tree, all nodes must be as far left as possible.. Generalization (I am a kind of ) complete tree, binary tree.. Specialization ( is a kind of me.) binary heap, perfect binary tree.. See also full binary tree, extendible hashing, heap.MERKLE TREE
(data structure) Definition: A tree (usually a binary tree) in which each internal node has a hash of all the information in the leaf nodes under it. Specifically, each internal node has a hash of the information in its children.Each leaf has a hash of the block of information it represents.BINGO SORT - NIST
(algorithm) Definition: A variant of selection sort that orders items by first finding the least value, then repeatedly moving all items with that value to their final location and find the least value for the next pass. This is more efficient than selection sort if there are many duplicate values. Generalization (I am a kind of ) selection sort.. See also counting sort.PREORDER TRAVERSAL
(algorithm) Definition: Process all nodes of a tree by processing the root, then recursively processing all subtrees. Also known as prefix traversal.. Generalization (I am a kind of ) tree traversal, depth-first search.. See also in-order traversal, postorder traversal, level-order traversal, Cupif-Giannini tree traversal.. Note: For instance, if the "processing" is just printing, a tree isNP-COMPLETE
(definition) Definition: The complexity class of decision problems for which answers can be checked for correctness, given a certificate, by an algorithm whose run time is polynomial in the size of the input (that is, it is NP) and no other NP problem is more than a polynomial factor harder.Informally, a problem is NP-complete if answers can be verified quickly, and a quick algorithm to solveK-D-B-TREE - NIST
If you have suggestions, corrections, or comments, please get in touch with Paul Black.. Entry modified 17 December 2004. HTML page formatted Wed Mar 13 12:42:46 2019.LITTLE-O NOTATION
(definition) Definition: A theoretical measure of the execution of an algorithm, usually the time or memory needed, given the problem size n, which is usually the number of items.Informally, saying some equation f(n) = o(g(n)) means f(n) becomes insignificant relative to g(n) as n approaches infinity.NP-COMPLETE
(definition)
DEFINITION: The _complexity class_ of _decision problems_ for which answers can be checked for correctness, given a _certificate_ , by an algorithm whose run time is _polynomial_ in the size of the input (that is, it is _NP_ ) and no other NP problem is more than a polynomial factor harder. Informally, a problem is NP-complete if answers can be verified quickly, and a quick algorithm to solve this problem can be used to solve all other NPproblems quickly.
GENERALIZATION (I am a kind of ...)_NP_ .
SEE ALSO _NP-hard_ , _P_ . _Note: A trivial example of NP, but (presumably) not NP-complete is finding the bitwise AND of two strings of N boolean bits. The problem is NP, since one can quickly (in time Θ(N)_ ) verify that the answer is correct, but knowing how to AND two bit strings doesn't help one quickly find, say, a _Hamiltonian cycle_ or tour of a graph. So bitwise AND is not NP-complete (as far as we know)._
Other well-known NP-complete problems are satisfiability (SAT), traveling salesman_ , the _bin packing problem_ , and the _knapsack problem_ . (Strictly the related decision problems areNP-complete.)
_ "NP" comes from the class that a Nondeterministic Turing machine_ accepts in Polynomial time.Author: PEB
IMPLEMENTATION
Stas Busygin's home page with QUALEX and SAT01 (C++).
MORE INFORMATION
History, definitions, examples, etc. given in Comp.Theory FAQ, scroll down to
P VS. NP. Eppstein's longer, but very good introduction toNP-completeness ,
with sections like Why should we care?, Examples of problems in different classes, and how to prove a problem is NP-complete. A compendium of NP optimization problemsedited by Pierluigi
Crescenzi and Viggo Kann. Scott Aaronson's Complexity Zoo From xkcd 287 by Randall Munroe. Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 2.5 License.
------------------------- Go to the Dictionary of Algorithms and Data Structureshome page.
------------------------- If you have suggestions, corrections, or comments, please get in touchwith Paul Black.
Entry modified 5 January 2021. HTML page formatted Tue Jan 5 09:25:05 2021.Cite this as:
Paul E. Black, "NP-complete", in _Dictionary of Algorithms and Data Structures_ , Paul E. Black, ed. 5 January 2021. (accessed TODAY) Available from: https://www.nist.gov/dads/HTML/npcomplete.htmlDetails
Copyright © 2024 ArchiveBay.com. All rights reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | DMCA | 2021 | Feedback | Advertising | RSS 2.0