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PHENOMENAL WORLD
Market makers and risk managers after 2008. In the 1945 film It’s a Wonderful Life, banker protagonist George Bailey (played by Jimmy Stewart) struggles to exchange his well-functioning loans for cash.He lacks convertibility—known as liquidity risk in modern finance—and so cannot pay impatient depositors.Like any traditional financial intermediary, Bailey seeks to transform short-termPHENOMENAL WORLD
Research, analysis, commentary. Patrick Robbins → Maximilian Kasy → Marshall Steinbaum → Laura Beamer → Kyle Moore → Michael Stynes → Owen Davis → Rodrigo Ochigame → Sara Constantino → Sidhya Balakrishnan → Stephen Nuñez → Steve Krouse → Unlearning Economics → Wilson Sherwin → Alice Tianbo Zhang → Amanda Page-Hoongrajok → Anastasia WilsonPHENOMENAL WORLD
Why did the Ever Given capture our collective imaginations? At the tail end of its moment in the spotlight, the poet Kamran Javadizadeh tweeted: “I too am ‘partially refloated,’ I too remain stuck in the Suez Canal.”Two fluorescent yellow-vested construction workers with an excavator—lego-like compared to the gargantuan hulk of the vessel—attempted to wrench the giant ship from the PHENOMENAL WORLD VOLUMES 12 13 Phenomenal World An Introduction In the past twelve months, the Covid-19 pandemic has deepened the stark inequalities in income, wealth, and social resources that havePHENOMENAL WORLD
It was initiated by Brandt on 17 February 1972 and ended with a conversation in Vienna on 25 May 1975. Brandt became the Prime Minister of Germany on 21 October 1969, won a reelection in 1972, and resigned on 6 May 1974. Kreisky became the Chancellor of Austria on 21 April 1970 and continued to serve until 24 May 1983.PHENOMENAL WORLD
PHENOMENAL WORLD
Research, analysis, commentary. A proposal for a public ratings agency for green finance. The Biden administration has committed the United States to cutting its carbon emissions in half by 2030 and achieving net zero emissions by 2050.PHENOMENAL WORLD
PHENOMENAL WORLD
The suffering that people experience when they're pushed down and pushed out beyond the margins of society is criminal. And in the 1960s, many people felt this way, including, of course, the poor themselves. There were proliferating forms of collective protest, particularly in big cities, and particularly among people of color.PHENOMENAL WORLD
PHENOMENAL WORLD
Market makers and risk managers after 2008. In the 1945 film It’s a Wonderful Life, banker protagonist George Bailey (played by Jimmy Stewart) struggles to exchange his well-functioning loans for cash.He lacks convertibility—known as liquidity risk in modern finance—and so cannot pay impatient depositors.Like any traditional financial intermediary, Bailey seeks to transform short-termPHENOMENAL WORLD
Research, analysis, commentary. Patrick Robbins → Maximilian Kasy → Marshall Steinbaum → Laura Beamer → Kyle Moore → Michael Stynes → Owen Davis → Rodrigo Ochigame → Sara Constantino → Sidhya Balakrishnan → Stephen Nuñez → Steve Krouse → Unlearning Economics → Wilson Sherwin → Alice Tianbo Zhang → Amanda Page-Hoongrajok → Anastasia WilsonPHENOMENAL WORLD
Why did the Ever Given capture our collective imaginations? At the tail end of its moment in the spotlight, the poet Kamran Javadizadeh tweeted: “I too am ‘partially refloated,’ I too remain stuck in the Suez Canal.”Two fluorescent yellow-vested construction workers with an excavator—lego-like compared to the gargantuan hulk of the vessel—attempted to wrench the giant ship from the PHENOMENAL WORLD VOLUMES 12 13 Phenomenal World An Introduction In the past twelve months, the Covid-19 pandemic has deepened the stark inequalities in income, wealth, and social resources that havePHENOMENAL WORLD
It was initiated by Brandt on 17 February 1972 and ended with a conversation in Vienna on 25 May 1975. Brandt became the Prime Minister of Germany on 21 October 1969, won a reelection in 1972, and resigned on 6 May 1974. Kreisky became the Chancellor of Austria on 21 April 1970 and continued to serve until 24 May 1983.PHENOMENAL WORLD
PHENOMENAL WORLD
Research, analysis, commentary. A proposal for a public ratings agency for green finance. The Biden administration has committed the United States to cutting its carbon emissions in half by 2030 and achieving net zero emissions by 2050.PHENOMENAL WORLD
PHENOMENAL WORLD
The suffering that people experience when they're pushed down and pushed out beyond the margins of society is criminal. And in the 1960s, many people felt this way, including, of course, the poor themselves. There were proliferating forms of collective protest, particularly in big cities, and particularly among people of color.PHENOMENAL WORLD
PHENOMENAL WORLD
“The most significant economic event of the era since World War II is something that has not happened.” — Hyman Minsky, 1982. In the 1945 film It’s A Wonderful Life, banker protagonist George Bailey (played by Jimmy Stewart) struggles to exchange his well-functioning loans for cash.He lacks convertibility—known as liquidity risk in modern finance—and so cannot pay impatient depositors.PHENOMENAL WORLD
An interview with Begoña San José. Begoña San José is a feminist activist and trade union leader. Maya Adereth: Tell us about your introduction to political activism and feminism.. Begoña San José : I had a religious upbringing and went to school at a convent when I was very young.The first movement I participated in was around the Second Vatican Council, which was about renewing thePHENOMENAL WORLD
Phenomenal Works: Beth Popp Berman. Josef Albers, Umschlungen , 1933. Ho-fung Hung investigates the role of economic development in state formation and global power, with a specific focus on China and East Asia. In his 2015 book The China Boom: Why China Will Not Rule the World, he argues that despite predictions thatChina’s
PHENOMENAL WORLD
Since the Great Recession, outstanding student loan debt in the United States has increased by 122% in 2019 dollars, reaching the staggering sum of \$1.66 trillion in June of this year. Student loan debt has grown faster than other debt types, including auto, credit card and mortgage debt. For many, education is the only pathway towards good employment with benefits, leading to economic andPHENOMENAL WORLD
The final version of ”Universal Basic Income & The City,” supported by JFI, was released on March 25, 2021. Read the full paper here.. The final version of UBI and the City builds upon the work I describe below by exploring alternate financing mechanisms forPHENOMENAL WORLD
Research, analysis, commentary. “An effective way to write the history of the last thirty years of the twentieth century,” economist Albert Hirschman wrote in 1985, “may well be to focus on the distinctive reactions of various countries to the identical issue of worldwide inflation.” Writing just as the global “great inflation” of the 1970s was abating, Hirschman couldn't have INSIDE-OUT | PHENOMENAL WORLD Inside-Out Renewable energy, the future of mining, and the re-localization of harm Francis Tseng, Jain Family Institute. The social and environmental harms of sourcing minerals for information technology have been widely covered.More recently, a series of much needed analyses have applied these critiques to renewable technologies in the context of the Green New Deal.PHENOMENAL WORLD
The Postindustrial Welfare State. — Maya Adereth. Swedish demonstration for voting rights and the eight hour work day. ( Source .) Gøsta Esping-Andersen's The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism is among the most influential works in the study of welfare states. Rather than conceiving of welfare and industrial policy on a singlestate-market
PHENOMENAL WORLD
The world economy is structured by countries with competitive export sectors and trade surpluses, like Germany and China, who exhibit underconsumption and excess savings; the US's debt-fueled economy receives these savings through its domination of global financial markets. The dynamic strengthens the power of global finance at theexpense of
PHENOMENAL WORLD
The socialists barely had a presence among the students. Javier Padilla: Tell us about the Francoist student union. HM: The union, named SEU (Sindicato Español Universitario), was created during the war by the falangists. During the 1960s, there was a movement to reform the fascist union through elections.PHENOMENAL WORLD
Market makers and risk managers after 2008. In the 1945 film It’s a Wonderful Life, banker protagonist George Bailey (played by Jimmy Stewart) struggles to exchange his well-functioning loans for cash.He lacks convertibility—known as liquidity risk in modern finance—and so cannot pay impatient depositors.Like any traditional financial intermediary, Bailey seeks to transform short-termPHENOMENAL WORLD
Phenomenal World is a publication managed by staff of the Jain Family Institute.We publish research, analysis, and commentary from JFI staff and fellows, as well as from external researchers and writers. Our editors are Maya Adereth, Sanoja Bhaumik, and Jack Gross.. Follow us on twitter here.. The content published here does not necessarily reflect the views of the Jain Family Institute.PHENOMENAL WORLD
Research, analysis, commentary. Patrick Robbins → Maximilian Kasy → Marshall Steinbaum → Laura Beamer → Kyle Moore → Michael Stynes → Owen Davis → Rodrigo Ochigame → Sara Constantino → Sidhya Balakrishnan → Stephen Nuñez → Steve Krouse → Unlearning Economics → Wilson Sherwin → Alice Tianbo Zhang → Amanda Page-Hoongrajok → Anastasia WilsonPHENOMENAL WORLD
Why did the Ever Given capture our collective imaginations? At the tail end of its moment in the spotlight, the poet Kamran Javadizadeh tweeted: “I too am ‘partially refloated,’ I too remain stuck in the Suez Canal.”Two fluorescent yellow-vested construction workers with an excavator—lego-like compared to the gargantuan hulk of the vessel—attempted to wrench the giant ship from thePHENOMENAL WORLD
While millions experience highly concentrated higher education landscapes, millions more live in education deserts. These areas, which have absolutely no higher education institution nearby (concentration is null), are particularly worrisome given that over half of all higher education students in the US attend close to their home. Population increases in deserts for public and 4-year collegePHENOMENAL WORLD
Research, analysis, commentary. Editors' note: This text is co-published with the Boston Review, and is an excerpt from the forthcoming PW Volumes publication Market Economy, Market Society: Interviews and Essays on the Decline of European Social Democracy.. Some time in 1991 I was invited to give a talk to the Andalusian Confederation of the Spanish Socialist Worker’s Party (PSOE).PHENOMENAL WORLD
PHENOMENAL WORLD
Research, analysis, commentary. A proposal for a public ratings agency for green finance. The Biden administration has committed the United States to cutting its carbon emissions in half by 2030 and achieving net zero emissions by 2050.PHENOMENAL WORLD
PHENOMENAL WORLD
Gøsta Esping-Andersen's The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism is among the most influential works in the study of welfare states. Rather than conceiving of welfare and industrial policy on a single state-market axis, Three Worlds develops a typology to situate welfare states within broad and complex historical trajectories. In Esping-Andersen's framework, modern capitalist states withPHENOMENAL WORLD
Market makers and risk managers after 2008. In the 1945 film It’s a Wonderful Life, banker protagonist George Bailey (played by Jimmy Stewart) struggles to exchange his well-functioning loans for cash.He lacks convertibility—known as liquidity risk in modern finance—and so cannot pay impatient depositors.Like any traditional financial intermediary, Bailey seeks to transform short-termPHENOMENAL WORLD
Phenomenal World is a publication managed by staff of the Jain Family Institute.We publish research, analysis, and commentary from JFI staff and fellows, as well as from external researchers and writers. Our editors are Maya Adereth, Sanoja Bhaumik, and Jack Gross.. Follow us on twitter here.. The content published here does not necessarily reflect the views of the Jain Family Institute.PHENOMENAL WORLD
Research, analysis, commentary. Patrick Robbins → Maximilian Kasy → Marshall Steinbaum → Laura Beamer → Kyle Moore → Michael Stynes → Owen Davis → Rodrigo Ochigame → Sara Constantino → Sidhya Balakrishnan → Stephen Nuñez → Steve Krouse → Unlearning Economics → Wilson Sherwin → Alice Tianbo Zhang → Amanda Page-Hoongrajok → Anastasia WilsonPHENOMENAL WORLD
Why did the Ever Given capture our collective imaginations? At the tail end of its moment in the spotlight, the poet Kamran Javadizadeh tweeted: “I too am ‘partially refloated,’ I too remain stuck in the Suez Canal.”Two fluorescent yellow-vested construction workers with an excavator—lego-like compared to the gargantuan hulk of the vessel—attempted to wrench the giant ship from thePHENOMENAL WORLD
While millions experience highly concentrated higher education landscapes, millions more live in education deserts. These areas, which have absolutely no higher education institution nearby (concentration is null), are particularly worrisome given that over half of all higher education students in the US attend close to their home. Population increases in deserts for public and 4-year collegePHENOMENAL WORLD
Research, analysis, commentary. Editors' note: This text is co-published with the Boston Review, and is an excerpt from the forthcoming PW Volumes publication Market Economy, Market Society: Interviews and Essays on the Decline of European Social Democracy.. Some time in 1991 I was invited to give a talk to the Andalusian Confederation of the Spanish Socialist Worker’s Party (PSOE).PHENOMENAL WORLD
PHENOMENAL WORLD
Research, analysis, commentary. A proposal for a public ratings agency for green finance. The Biden administration has committed the United States to cutting its carbon emissions in half by 2030 and achieving net zero emissions by 2050.PHENOMENAL WORLD
PHENOMENAL WORLD
Gøsta Esping-Andersen's The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism is among the most influential works in the study of welfare states. Rather than conceiving of welfare and industrial policy on a single state-market axis, Three Worlds develops a typology to situate welfare states within broad and complex historical trajectories. In Esping-Andersen's framework, modern capitalist states withPHENOMENAL WORLD
Phenomenal World is a publication managed by staff of the Jain Family Institute.We publish research, analysis, and commentary from JFI staff and fellows, as well as from external researchers and writers. Our editors are Maya Adereth, Sanoja Bhaumik, and Jack Gross.. Follow us on twitter here.. The content published here does not necessarily reflect the views of the Jain Family Institute.PHENOMENAL WORLD
Research, analysis, commentary. On Jairus Banaji’s A Brief History of Commercial Capitalism. Capitalism is either eternal or it isn’t. There are people who defend the first view, or something close to it—the multivolume 2014 Cambridge History of Capitalism opens in Babylonia, circa 1000 BCE—but it is much more plausible that capitalism, like most other social phenomena, has its originsPHENOMENAL WORLD
The final version of ”Universal Basic Income & The City,” supported by JFI, was released on March 25, 2021. Read the full paper here.. The final version of UBI and the City builds upon the work I describe below by exploring alternate financing mechanisms forPHENOMENAL WORLD
Gøsta Esping-Andersen's The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism is among the most influential works in the study of welfare states. Rather than conceiving of welfare and industrial policy on a single state-market axis, Three Worlds develops a typology to situate welfare states within broad and complex historical trajectories. In Esping-Andersen's framework, modern capitalist states withPHENOMENAL WORLD
Black America has had less wealth, less income, less education, and poorer health than white America for as long as records have been kept. To account for this disparity, economists have advanced three types of explanations: genetic, cultural, and structural.PHENOMENAL WORLD
Ho-fung Hung investigates the role of economic development in state formation and global power, with a specific focus on China and East Asia. In his 2015 book The China Boom: Why China Will Not Rule the World, he argues that despite predictions that China’s growth would fundamentally challenge the prevailing power relations between the East and West, the nation continues to depend on thePHENOMENAL WORLD
Research, analysis, commentary. Nic Johnson is a PhD candidate at the University of Chicago, working on a history of American Keynesianism.PHENOMENAL WORLD
David Gray Grant is a Ph.D. candidate in the philosophy department at MIT, specializing in ethics, political philosophy, and metaphysics. His dissertation research is on fairness in artificial intelligence and machine learning.PHENOMENAL WORLD
Research, analysis, commentary. Sign up to get post updates and a weekly digest of compelling research.PHENOMENAL WORLD
The underlying problems in the US economy. Today’s Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) report hardly registers the cataclysm in the US job market. The sharp 0.9 percent uptick in unemployment—itself newsworthy—only grasps the very beginnings of the shutdown of theAmerican economy.
PHENOMENAL WORLD
Market makers and risk managers after 2008. In the 1945 film It’s a Wonderful Life, banker protagonist George Bailey (played by Jimmy Stewart) struggles to exchange his well-functioning loans for cash.He lacks convertibility—known as liquidity risk in modern finance—and so cannot pay impatient depositors.Like any traditional financial intermediary, Bailey seeks to transform short-termPHENOMENAL WORLD
Research, analysis, commentary. Patrick Robbins → Maximilian Kasy → Marshall Steinbaum → Laura Beamer → Kyle Moore → Michael Stynes → Owen Davis → Rodrigo Ochigame → Sara Constantino → Sidhya Balakrishnan → Stephen Nuñez → Steve Krouse → Unlearning Economics → Wilson Sherwin → Alice Tianbo Zhang → Amanda Page-Hoongrajok → Anastasia WilsonPHENOMENAL WORLD
It was initiated by Brandt on 17 February 1972 and ended with a conversation in Vienna on 25 May 1975. Brandt became the Prime Minister of Germany on 21 October 1969, won a reelection in 1972, and resigned on 6 May 1974. Kreisky became the Chancellor of Austria on 21 April 1970 and continued to serve until 24 May 1983. PHENOMENAL WORLD VOLUMES 12 13 Phenomenal World An Introduction In the past twelve months, the Covid-19 pandemic has deepened the stark inequalities in income, wealth, and social resources that havePHENOMENAL WORLD
PHENOMENAL WORLD
A proposal for a public ratings agency for green finance. The Biden administration has committed the United States to cutting its carbon emissions in half by 2030 and achieving net zero emissions by 2050.PHENOMENAL WORLD
PHENOMENAL WORLD
The fallout from these events continues to shape French politics today. Mitterrand’s austerity turn embarked France on a now almost four-decade-long process of economic restructuring. Liberalizing reforms have been introduced by governments of both the right and the left. For the PS, the consequences have been dire.PHENOMENAL WORLD
The suffering that people experience when they're pushed down and pushed out beyond the margins of society is criminal. And in the 1960s, many people felt this way, including, of course, the poor themselves. There were proliferating forms of collective protest, particularly in big cities, and particularly among people of color.PHENOMENAL WORLD
PHENOMENAL WORLD
Market makers and risk managers after 2008. In the 1945 film It’s a Wonderful Life, banker protagonist George Bailey (played by Jimmy Stewart) struggles to exchange his well-functioning loans for cash.He lacks convertibility—known as liquidity risk in modern finance—and so cannot pay impatient depositors.Like any traditional financial intermediary, Bailey seeks to transform short-termPHENOMENAL WORLD
Research, analysis, commentary. Patrick Robbins → Maximilian Kasy → Marshall Steinbaum → Laura Beamer → Kyle Moore → Michael Stynes → Owen Davis → Rodrigo Ochigame → Sara Constantino → Sidhya Balakrishnan → Stephen Nuñez → Steve Krouse → Unlearning Economics → Wilson Sherwin → Alice Tianbo Zhang → Amanda Page-Hoongrajok → Anastasia WilsonPHENOMENAL WORLD
It was initiated by Brandt on 17 February 1972 and ended with a conversation in Vienna on 25 May 1975. Brandt became the Prime Minister of Germany on 21 October 1969, won a reelection in 1972, and resigned on 6 May 1974. Kreisky became the Chancellor of Austria on 21 April 1970 and continued to serve until 24 May 1983. PHENOMENAL WORLD VOLUMES 12 13 Phenomenal World An Introduction In the past twelve months, the Covid-19 pandemic has deepened the stark inequalities in income, wealth, and social resources that havePHENOMENAL WORLD
PHENOMENAL WORLD
A proposal for a public ratings agency for green finance. The Biden administration has committed the United States to cutting its carbon emissions in half by 2030 and achieving net zero emissions by 2050.PHENOMENAL WORLD
PHENOMENAL WORLD
The fallout from these events continues to shape French politics today. Mitterrand’s austerity turn embarked France on a now almost four-decade-long process of economic restructuring. Liberalizing reforms have been introduced by governments of both the right and the left. For the PS, the consequences have been dire.PHENOMENAL WORLD
The suffering that people experience when they're pushed down and pushed out beyond the margins of society is criminal. And in the 1960s, many people felt this way, including, of course, the poor themselves. There were proliferating forms of collective protest, particularly in big cities, and particularly among people of color.PHENOMENAL WORLD
PHENOMENAL WORLD
Phenomenal World is a publication managed by staff of the Jain Family Institute.We publish research, analysis, and commentary from JFI staff and fellows, as well as from external researchers and writers. Our editors are Maya Adereth, Sanoja Bhaumik, and Jack Gross.. Follow us on twitter here.. The content published here does not necessarily reflect the views of the Jain Family Institute.PHENOMENAL WORLD
Why did the Ever Given capture our collective imaginations? At the tail end of its moment in the spotlight, the poet Kamran Javadizadeh tweeted: “I too am ‘partially refloated,’ I too remain stuck in the Suez Canal.”Two fluorescent yellow-vested construction workers with an excavator—lego-like compared to the gargantuan hulk of the vessel—attempted to wrench the giant ship from the PHENOMENAL WORLD VOLUMES 12 13 Phenomenal World An Introduction In the past twelve months, the Covid-19 pandemic has deepened the stark inequalities in income, wealth, and social resources that havePHENOMENAL WORLD
An interview with Begoña San José. Begoña San José is a feminist activist and trade union leader. Maya Adereth: Tell us about your introduction to political activism and feminism.. Begoña San José : I had a religious upbringing and went to school at a convent when I was very young.The first movement I participated in was around the Second Vatican Council, which was about renewing thePHENOMENAL WORLD
Since the Great Recession, outstanding student loan debt in the United States has increased by 122% in 2019 dollars, reaching the staggering sum of \$1.66 trillion in June of this year. Student loan debt has grown faster than other debt types, including auto, credit card and mortgage debt. For many, education is the only pathway towards good employment with benefits, leading to economic andPHENOMENAL WORLD
Spain built its new political architecture on ground already shaken by the global crisis. In its most popular form, the transition was primarily aimed at integrating Spain into European and North Atlantic institutions. Effectively, it was a transition into a world in transition. This particularly constrained the PSOE’s “historicalmission
PHENOMENAL WORLD
The final version of ”Universal Basic Income & The City,” supported by JFI, was released on March 25, 2021. Read the full paper here.. The final version of UBI and the City builds upon the work I describe below by exploring alternate financing mechanisms forPHENOMENAL WORLD
Research, analysis, commentary. Like the world system as a whole, segregated cities in the United States have their own finance driven core-periphery dynamics. 1 The world economy is structured by countries with competitive export sectors and trade surpluses, like Germany and China, who exhibit underconsumption and excess savings; the US's debt-fueled economy receives these savings throughPHENOMENAL WORLD
Research, analysis, commentary. Sign up to get post updates and a weekly digest of compelling research.PHENOMENAL WORLD
The Postindustrial Welfare State. — Maya Adereth. Swedish demonstration for voting rights and the eight hour work day. ( Source .) Gøsta Esping-Andersen's The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism is among the most influential works in the study of welfare states. Rather than conceiving of welfare and industrial policy on a singlestate-market
PHENOMENAL WORLD
Market makers and risk managers after 2008. In the 1945 film It’s a Wonderful Life, banker protagonist George Bailey (played by Jimmy Stewart) struggles to exchange his well-functioning loans for cash.He lacks convertibility—known as liquidity risk in modern finance—and so cannot pay impatient depositors.Like any traditional financial intermediary, Bailey seeks to transform short-termPHENOMENAL WORLD
Research, analysis, commentary. Patrick Robbins → Maximilian Kasy → Marshall Steinbaum → Laura Beamer → Kyle Moore → Michael Stynes → Owen Davis → Rodrigo Ochigame → Sara Constantino → Sidhya Balakrishnan → Stephen Nuñez → Steve Krouse → Unlearning Economics → Wilson Sherwin → Alice Tianbo Zhang → Amanda Page-Hoongrajok → Anastasia WilsonPHENOMENAL WORLD
It was initiated by Brandt on 17 February 1972 and ended with a conversation in Vienna on 25 May 1975. Brandt became the Prime Minister of Germany on 21 October 1969, won a reelection in 1972, and resigned on 6 May 1974. Kreisky became the Chancellor of Austria on 21 April 1970 and continued to serve until 24 May 1983. PHENOMENAL WORLD VOLUMES 12 13 Phenomenal World An Introduction In the past twelve months, the Covid-19 pandemic has deepened the stark inequalities in income, wealth, and social resources that havePHENOMENAL WORLD
PHENOMENAL WORLD
A proposal for a public ratings agency for green finance. The Biden administration has committed the United States to cutting its carbon emissions in half by 2030 and achieving net zero emissions by 2050.PHENOMENAL WORLD
PHENOMENAL WORLD
The fallout from these events continues to shape French politics today. Mitterrand’s austerity turn embarked France on a now almost four-decade-long process of economic restructuring. Liberalizing reforms have been introduced by governments of both the right and the left. For the PS, the consequences have been dire.PHENOMENAL WORLD
The suffering that people experience when they're pushed down and pushed out beyond the margins of society is criminal. And in the 1960s, many people felt this way, including, of course, the poor themselves. There were proliferating forms of collective protest, particularly in big cities, and particularly among people of color.PHENOMENAL WORLD
PHENOMENAL WORLD
Market makers and risk managers after 2008. In the 1945 film It’s a Wonderful Life, banker protagonist George Bailey (played by Jimmy Stewart) struggles to exchange his well-functioning loans for cash.He lacks convertibility—known as liquidity risk in modern finance—and so cannot pay impatient depositors.Like any traditional financial intermediary, Bailey seeks to transform short-termPHENOMENAL WORLD
Research, analysis, commentary. Patrick Robbins → Maximilian Kasy → Marshall Steinbaum → Laura Beamer → Kyle Moore → Michael Stynes → Owen Davis → Rodrigo Ochigame → Sara Constantino → Sidhya Balakrishnan → Stephen Nuñez → Steve Krouse → Unlearning Economics → Wilson Sherwin → Alice Tianbo Zhang → Amanda Page-Hoongrajok → Anastasia WilsonPHENOMENAL WORLD
It was initiated by Brandt on 17 February 1972 and ended with a conversation in Vienna on 25 May 1975. Brandt became the Prime Minister of Germany on 21 October 1969, won a reelection in 1972, and resigned on 6 May 1974. Kreisky became the Chancellor of Austria on 21 April 1970 and continued to serve until 24 May 1983. PHENOMENAL WORLD VOLUMES 12 13 Phenomenal World An Introduction In the past twelve months, the Covid-19 pandemic has deepened the stark inequalities in income, wealth, and social resources that havePHENOMENAL WORLD
PHENOMENAL WORLD
A proposal for a public ratings agency for green finance. The Biden administration has committed the United States to cutting its carbon emissions in half by 2030 and achieving net zero emissions by 2050.PHENOMENAL WORLD
PHENOMENAL WORLD
The fallout from these events continues to shape French politics today. Mitterrand’s austerity turn embarked France on a now almost four-decade-long process of economic restructuring. Liberalizing reforms have been introduced by governments of both the right and the left. For the PS, the consequences have been dire.PHENOMENAL WORLD
The suffering that people experience when they're pushed down and pushed out beyond the margins of society is criminal. And in the 1960s, many people felt this way, including, of course, the poor themselves. There were proliferating forms of collective protest, particularly in big cities, and particularly among people of color.PHENOMENAL WORLD
PHENOMENAL WORLD
Phenomenal World is a publication managed by staff of the Jain Family Institute.We publish research, analysis, and commentary from JFI staff and fellows, as well as from external researchers and writers. Our editors are Maya Adereth, Sanoja Bhaumik, and Jack Gross.. Follow us on twitter here.. The content published here does not necessarily reflect the views of the Jain Family Institute.PHENOMENAL WORLD
Why did the Ever Given capture our collective imaginations? At the tail end of its moment in the spotlight, the poet Kamran Javadizadeh tweeted: “I too am ‘partially refloated,’ I too remain stuck in the Suez Canal.”Two fluorescent yellow-vested construction workers with an excavator—lego-like compared to the gargantuan hulk of the vessel—attempted to wrench the giant ship from the PHENOMENAL WORLD VOLUMES 12 13 Phenomenal World An Introduction In the past twelve months, the Covid-19 pandemic has deepened the stark inequalities in income, wealth, and social resources that havePHENOMENAL WORLD
An interview with Begoña San José. Begoña San José is a feminist activist and trade union leader. Maya Adereth: Tell us about your introduction to political activism and feminism.. Begoña San José : I had a religious upbringing and went to school at a convent when I was very young.The first movement I participated in was around the Second Vatican Council, which was about renewing thePHENOMENAL WORLD
Since the Great Recession, outstanding student loan debt in the United States has increased by 122% in 2019 dollars, reaching the staggering sum of \$1.66 trillion in June of this year. Student loan debt has grown faster than other debt types, including auto, credit card and mortgage debt. For many, education is the only pathway towards good employment with benefits, leading to economic andPHENOMENAL WORLD
Spain built its new political architecture on ground already shaken by the global crisis. In its most popular form, the transition was primarily aimed at integrating Spain into European and North Atlantic institutions. Effectively, it was a transition into a world in transition. This particularly constrained the PSOE’s “historicalmission
PHENOMENAL WORLD
The final version of ”Universal Basic Income & The City,” supported by JFI, was released on March 25, 2021. Read the full paper here.. The final version of UBI and the City builds upon the work I describe below by exploring alternate financing mechanisms forPHENOMENAL WORLD
Research, analysis, commentary. Like the world system as a whole, segregated cities in the United States have their own finance driven core-periphery dynamics. 1 The world economy is structured by countries with competitive export sectors and trade surpluses, like Germany and China, who exhibit underconsumption and excess savings; the US's debt-fueled economy receives these savings throughPHENOMENAL WORLD
Research, analysis, commentary. Sign up to get post updates and a weekly digest of compelling research.PHENOMENAL WORLD
The Postindustrial Welfare State. — Maya Adereth. Swedish demonstration for voting rights and the eight hour work day. ( Source .) Gøsta Esping-Andersen's The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism is among the most influential works in the study of welfare states. Rather than conceiving of welfare and industrial policy on a singlestate-market
PHENOMENAL WORLD
Market makers and risk managers after 2008. In the 1945 film It’s a Wonderful Life, banker protagonist George Bailey (played by Jimmy Stewart) struggles to exchange his well-functioning loans for cash.He lacks convertibility—known as liquidity risk in modern finance—and so cannot pay impatient depositors.Like any traditional financial intermediary, Bailey seeks to transform short-termPHENOMENAL WORLD
Research, analysis, commentary. Patrick Robbins → Maximilian Kasy → Marshall Steinbaum → Laura Beamer → Kyle Moore → Michael Stynes → Owen Davis → Rodrigo Ochigame → Sara Constantino → Sidhya Balakrishnan → Stephen Nuñez → Steve Krouse → Unlearning Economics → Wilson Sherwin → Alice Tianbo Zhang → Amanda Page-Hoongrajok → Anastasia WilsonPHENOMENAL WORLD
It was initiated by Brandt on 17 February 1972 and ended with a conversation in Vienna on 25 May 1975. Brandt became the Prime Minister of Germany on 21 October 1969, won a reelection in 1972, and resigned on 6 May 1974. Kreisky became the Chancellor of Austria on 21 April 1970 and continued to serve until 24 May 1983.PHENOMENAL WORLD
PHENOMENAL WORLD
A proposal for a public ratings agency for green finance. The Biden administration has committed the United States to cutting its carbon emissions in half by 2030 and achieving net zero emissions by 2050.PHENOMENAL WORLD
This trend occurred in every school type, with the worst increases happening in the Associate’s level category, which has seen a 27% increase, from 39 to 49.8 million affected people. Given the ever-increasing costs of higher education, policymakers need to be especially aware of these areas. People Within SCI Bins.PHENOMENAL WORLD
PHENOMENAL WORLD
The suffering that people experience when they're pushed down and pushed out beyond the margins of society is criminal. And in the 1960s, many people felt this way, including, of course, the poor themselves. There were proliferating forms of collective protest, particularly in big cities, and particularly among people of color.PHENOMENAL WORLD
The Postindustrial Welfare State. — Maya Adereth. Swedish demonstration for voting rights and the eight hour work day. ( Source .) Gøsta Esping-Andersen's The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism is among the most influential works in the study of welfare states. Rather than conceiving of welfare and industrial policy on a singlestate-market
PHENOMENAL WORLD
The underlying problems in the US economy. Today’s Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) report hardly registers the cataclysm in the US job market. The sharp 0.9 percent uptick in unemployment—itself newsworthy—only grasps the very beginnings of the shutdown of the American economy. Since the BLS surveys were conducted in the week ofMarch 12
PHENOMENAL WORLD
Market makers and risk managers after 2008. In the 1945 film It’s a Wonderful Life, banker protagonist George Bailey (played by Jimmy Stewart) struggles to exchange his well-functioning loans for cash.He lacks convertibility—known as liquidity risk in modern finance—and so cannot pay impatient depositors.Like any traditional financial intermediary, Bailey seeks to transform short-termPHENOMENAL WORLD
Research, analysis, commentary. Patrick Robbins → Maximilian Kasy → Marshall Steinbaum → Laura Beamer → Kyle Moore → Michael Stynes → Owen Davis → Rodrigo Ochigame → Sara Constantino → Sidhya Balakrishnan → Stephen Nuñez → Steve Krouse → Unlearning Economics → Wilson Sherwin → Alice Tianbo Zhang → Amanda Page-Hoongrajok → Anastasia WilsonPHENOMENAL WORLD
It was initiated by Brandt on 17 February 1972 and ended with a conversation in Vienna on 25 May 1975. Brandt became the Prime Minister of Germany on 21 October 1969, won a reelection in 1972, and resigned on 6 May 1974. Kreisky became the Chancellor of Austria on 21 April 1970 and continued to serve until 24 May 1983.PHENOMENAL WORLD
PHENOMENAL WORLD
A proposal for a public ratings agency for green finance. The Biden administration has committed the United States to cutting its carbon emissions in half by 2030 and achieving net zero emissions by 2050.PHENOMENAL WORLD
This trend occurred in every school type, with the worst increases happening in the Associate’s level category, which has seen a 27% increase, from 39 to 49.8 million affected people. Given the ever-increasing costs of higher education, policymakers need to be especially aware of these areas. People Within SCI Bins.PHENOMENAL WORLD
PHENOMENAL WORLD
The suffering that people experience when they're pushed down and pushed out beyond the margins of society is criminal. And in the 1960s, many people felt this way, including, of course, the poor themselves. There were proliferating forms of collective protest, particularly in big cities, and particularly among people of color.PHENOMENAL WORLD
The Postindustrial Welfare State. — Maya Adereth. Swedish demonstration for voting rights and the eight hour work day. ( Source .) Gøsta Esping-Andersen's The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism is among the most influential works in the study of welfare states. Rather than conceiving of welfare and industrial policy on a singlestate-market
PHENOMENAL WORLD
The underlying problems in the US economy. Today’s Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) report hardly registers the cataclysm in the US job market. The sharp 0.9 percent uptick in unemployment—itself newsworthy—only grasps the very beginnings of the shutdown of the American economy. Since the BLS surveys were conducted in the week ofMarch 12
PHENOMENAL WORLD
Phenomenal World is a publication managed by staff of the Jain Family Institute.We publish research, analysis, and commentary from JFI staff and fellows, as well as from external researchers and writers. Our editors are Maya Adereth, Sanoja Bhaumik, and Jack Gross.. Follow us on twitter here.. The content published here does not necessarily reflect the views of the Jain Family Institute.PHENOMENAL WORLD
Why did the Ever Given capture our collective imaginations? At the tail end of its moment in the spotlight, the poet Kamran Javadizadeh tweeted: “I too am ‘partially refloated,’ I too remain stuck in the Suez Canal.”Two fluorescent yellow-vested construction workers with an excavator—lego-like compared to the gargantuan hulk of the vessel—attempted to wrench the giant ship from thePHENOMENAL WORLD
The final version of ”Universal Basic Income & The City,” supported by JFI, was released on March 25, 2021. Read the full paper here.. The final version of UBI and the City builds upon the work I describe below by exploring alternate financing mechanisms forPHENOMENAL WORLD
A report looks at Department of Commerce data to reveal import/export trends in masks and ventilators. "In February 2020, the value of U.S. mask exports to China was 1094.0% higher than the 2019 monthly average. In February 2020, the value of U.S ventilator exports to China was 292.2% higher than the 2019 monthly average."PHENOMENAL WORLD
The Reconstruction Finance Corporation as tribune. On the morning of April 24, 1933, five thousand Chicago schoolteachers stormed the lobbies of the five largest financial institutions in the Loop. The Chicago School Board was ten months behind on their salaries, amounting to $ 30 million owed. Earlier that day, the teachers hadmarched to the
PHENOMENAL WORLD
According to the theory that emphasizes culture, racial disparities are the result of social capital deficits. This is the view that has been most widely adopted by the mainstream of the economics profession, and I refer to it as the neoclassical economics of race. By contrast, the structural theory argues that racial disparities inPHENOMENAL WORLD
The Path-Specific Effects methodology is complex: Combining a more robust theory of race and a normative theory of discrimination with path-specific causal inference methods requires one to draw a causal diagram that rolls together sociological causal mechanisms with normative judgments about which causes and effects ought to beconsidered fair.
PHENOMENAL WORLD
The Postindustrial Welfare State. — Maya Adereth. Swedish demonstration for voting rights and the eight hour work day. ( Source .) Gøsta Esping-Andersen's The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism is among the most influential works in the study of welfare states. Rather than conceiving of welfare and industrial policy on a singlestate-market
PHENOMENAL WORLD
Research, analysis, commentary. Sign up to get post updates and a weekly digest of compelling research.PHENOMENAL WORLD
The underlying problems in the US economy. Today’s Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) report hardly registers the cataclysm in the US job market. The sharp 0.9 percent uptick in unemployment—itself newsworthy—only grasps the very beginnings of the shutdown of the American economy. Since the BLS surveys were conducted in the week ofMarch 12
PHENOMENAL WORLD
Market makers and risk managers after 2008. In the 1945 film It’s a Wonderful Life, banker protagonist George Bailey (played by Jimmy Stewart) struggles to exchange his well-functioning loans for cash.He lacks convertibility—known as liquidity risk in modern finance—and so cannot pay impatient depositors.Like any traditional financial intermediary, Bailey seeks to transform short-termPHENOMENAL WORLD
Research, analysis, commentary. Patrick Robbins → Maximilian Kasy → Marshall Steinbaum → Laura Beamer → Kyle Moore → Michael Stynes → Owen Davis → Rodrigo Ochigame → Sara Constantino → Sidhya Balakrishnan → Stephen Nuñez → Steve Krouse → Unlearning Economics → Wilson Sherwin → Alice Tianbo Zhang → Amanda Page-Hoongrajok → Anastasia WilsonPHENOMENAL WORLD
It was initiated by Brandt on 17 February 1972 and ended with a conversation in Vienna on 25 May 1975. Brandt became the Prime Minister of Germany on 21 October 1969, won a reelection in 1972, and resigned on 6 May 1974. Kreisky became the Chancellor of Austria on 21 April 1970 and continued to serve until 24 May 1983.PHENOMENAL WORLD
PHENOMENAL WORLD
A proposal for a public ratings agency for green finance. The Biden administration has committed the United States to cutting its carbon emissions in half by 2030 and achieving net zero emissions by 2050.PHENOMENAL WORLD
This trend occurred in every school type, with the worst increases happening in the Associate’s level category, which has seen a 27% increase, from 39 to 49.8 million affected people. Given the ever-increasing costs of higher education, policymakers need to be especially aware of these areas. People Within SCI Bins.PHENOMENAL WORLD
PHENOMENAL WORLD
The suffering that people experience when they're pushed down and pushed out beyond the margins of society is criminal. And in the 1960s, many people felt this way, including, of course, the poor themselves. There were proliferating forms of collective protest, particularly in big cities, and particularly among people of color.PHENOMENAL WORLD
The Postindustrial Welfare State. — Maya Adereth. Swedish demonstration for voting rights and the eight hour work day. ( Source .) Gøsta Esping-Andersen's The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism is among the most influential works in the study of welfare states. Rather than conceiving of welfare and industrial policy on a singlestate-market
PHENOMENAL WORLD
The underlying problems in the US economy. Today’s Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) report hardly registers the cataclysm in the US job market. The sharp 0.9 percent uptick in unemployment—itself newsworthy—only grasps the very beginnings of the shutdown of the American economy. Since the BLS surveys were conducted in the week ofMarch 12
PHENOMENAL WORLD
Market makers and risk managers after 2008. In the 1945 film It’s a Wonderful Life, banker protagonist George Bailey (played by Jimmy Stewart) struggles to exchange his well-functioning loans for cash.He lacks convertibility—known as liquidity risk in modern finance—and so cannot pay impatient depositors.Like any traditional financial intermediary, Bailey seeks to transform short-termPHENOMENAL WORLD
Research, analysis, commentary. Patrick Robbins → Maximilian Kasy → Marshall Steinbaum → Laura Beamer → Kyle Moore → Michael Stynes → Owen Davis → Rodrigo Ochigame → Sara Constantino → Sidhya Balakrishnan → Stephen Nuñez → Steve Krouse → Unlearning Economics → Wilson Sherwin → Alice Tianbo Zhang → Amanda Page-Hoongrajok → Anastasia WilsonPHENOMENAL WORLD
It was initiated by Brandt on 17 February 1972 and ended with a conversation in Vienna on 25 May 1975. Brandt became the Prime Minister of Germany on 21 October 1969, won a reelection in 1972, and resigned on 6 May 1974. Kreisky became the Chancellor of Austria on 21 April 1970 and continued to serve until 24 May 1983.PHENOMENAL WORLD
PHENOMENAL WORLD
A proposal for a public ratings agency for green finance. The Biden administration has committed the United States to cutting its carbon emissions in half by 2030 and achieving net zero emissions by 2050.PHENOMENAL WORLD
This trend occurred in every school type, with the worst increases happening in the Associate’s level category, which has seen a 27% increase, from 39 to 49.8 million affected people. Given the ever-increasing costs of higher education, policymakers need to be especially aware of these areas. People Within SCI Bins.PHENOMENAL WORLD
PHENOMENAL WORLD
The suffering that people experience when they're pushed down and pushed out beyond the margins of society is criminal. And in the 1960s, many people felt this way, including, of course, the poor themselves. There were proliferating forms of collective protest, particularly in big cities, and particularly among people of color.PHENOMENAL WORLD
The Postindustrial Welfare State. — Maya Adereth. Swedish demonstration for voting rights and the eight hour work day. ( Source .) Gøsta Esping-Andersen's The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism is among the most influential works in the study of welfare states. Rather than conceiving of welfare and industrial policy on a singlestate-market
PHENOMENAL WORLD
The underlying problems in the US economy. Today’s Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) report hardly registers the cataclysm in the US job market. The sharp 0.9 percent uptick in unemployment—itself newsworthy—only grasps the very beginnings of the shutdown of the American economy. Since the BLS surveys were conducted in the week ofMarch 12
PHENOMENAL WORLD
Phenomenal World is a publication managed by staff of the Jain Family Institute.We publish research, analysis, and commentary from JFI staff and fellows, as well as from external researchers and writers. Our editors are Maya Adereth, Sanoja Bhaumik, and Jack Gross.. Follow us on twitter here.. The content published here does not necessarily reflect the views of the Jain Family Institute.PHENOMENAL WORLD
Why did the Ever Given capture our collective imaginations? At the tail end of its moment in the spotlight, the poet Kamran Javadizadeh tweeted: “I too am ‘partially refloated,’ I too remain stuck in the Suez Canal.”Two fluorescent yellow-vested construction workers with an excavator—lego-like compared to the gargantuan hulk of the vessel—attempted to wrench the giant ship from thePHENOMENAL WORLD
The final version of ”Universal Basic Income & The City,” supported by JFI, was released on March 25, 2021. Read the full paper here.. The final version of UBI and the City builds upon the work I describe below by exploring alternate financing mechanisms forPHENOMENAL WORLD
A report looks at Department of Commerce data to reveal import/export trends in masks and ventilators. "In February 2020, the value of U.S. mask exports to China was 1094.0% higher than the 2019 monthly average. In February 2020, the value of U.S ventilator exports to China was 292.2% higher than the 2019 monthly average."PHENOMENAL WORLD
The Reconstruction Finance Corporation as tribune. On the morning of April 24, 1933, five thousand Chicago schoolteachers stormed the lobbies of the five largest financial institutions in the Loop. The Chicago School Board was ten months behind on their salaries, amounting to $ 30 million owed. Earlier that day, the teachers hadmarched to the
PHENOMENAL WORLD
According to the theory that emphasizes culture, racial disparities are the result of social capital deficits. This is the view that has been most widely adopted by the mainstream of the economics profession, and I refer to it as the neoclassical economics of race. By contrast, the structural theory argues that racial disparities inPHENOMENAL WORLD
The Path-Specific Effects methodology is complex: Combining a more robust theory of race and a normative theory of discrimination with path-specific causal inference methods requires one to draw a causal diagram that rolls together sociological causal mechanisms with normative judgments about which causes and effects ought to beconsidered fair.
PHENOMENAL WORLD
The Postindustrial Welfare State. — Maya Adereth. Swedish demonstration for voting rights and the eight hour work day. ( Source .) Gøsta Esping-Andersen's The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism is among the most influential works in the study of welfare states. Rather than conceiving of welfare and industrial policy on a singlestate-market
PHENOMENAL WORLD
Research, analysis, commentary. Sign up to get post updates and a weekly digest of compelling research.PHENOMENAL WORLD
The underlying problems in the US economy. Today’s Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) report hardly registers the cataclysm in the US job market. The sharp 0.9 percent uptick in unemployment—itself newsworthy—only grasps the very beginnings of the shutdown of the American economy. Since the BLS surveys were conducted in the week ofMarch 12
PHENOMENAL WORLD
Market makers and risk managers after 2008. In the 1945 film It’s a Wonderful Life, banker protagonist George Bailey (played by Jimmy Stewart) struggles to exchange his well-functioning loans for cash.He lacks convertibility—known as liquidity risk in modern finance—and so cannot pay impatient depositors.Like any traditional financial intermediary, Bailey seeks to transform short-termPHENOMENAL WORLD
Research, analysis, commentary. Patrick Robbins → Maximilian Kasy → Marshall Steinbaum → Laura Beamer → Kyle Moore → Michael Stynes → Owen Davis → Rodrigo Ochigame → Sara Constantino → Sidhya Balakrishnan → Stephen Nuñez → Steve Krouse → Unlearning Economics → Wilson Sherwin → Alice Tianbo Zhang → Amanda Page-Hoongrajok → Anastasia WilsonPHENOMENAL WORLD
It was initiated by Brandt on 17 February 1972 and ended with a conversation in Vienna on 25 May 1975. Brandt became the Prime Minister of Germany on 21 October 1969, won a reelection in 1972, and resigned on 6 May 1974. Kreisky became the Chancellor of Austria on 21 April 1970 and continued to serve until 24 May 1983.PHENOMENAL WORLD
This trend occurred in every school type, with the worst increases happening in the Associate’s level category, which has seen a 27% increase, from 39 to 49.8 million affected people. Given the ever-increasing costs of higher education, policymakers need to be especially aware of these areas. People Within SCI Bins.PHENOMENAL WORLD
A proposal for a public ratings agency for green finance. The Biden administration has committed the United States to cutting its carbon emissions in half by 2030 and achieving net zero emissions by 2050.PHENOMENAL WORLD
The Politics of Machine Learning, pt. I. Legal claims of disparate impact discrimination go something like this: A company uses some system (e.g., hiring test, performance review, risk assessment tool) in a way that impacts people. Somebody sues, arguing that it has a disproportionate adverse effect on racial minorities, showing initialPHENOMENAL WORLD
The Path-Specific Effects methodology is complex: Combining a more robust theory of race and a normative theory of discrimination with path-specific causal inference methods requires one to draw a causal diagram that rolls together sociological causal mechanisms with normative judgments about which causes and effects ought to beconsidered fair.
PHENOMENAL WORLD
The suffering that people experience when they're pushed down and pushed out beyond the margins of society is criminal. And in the 1960s, many people felt this way, including, of course, the poor themselves. There were proliferating forms of collective protest, particularly in big cities, and particularly among people of color.PHENOMENAL WORLD
David Gray Grant is a Ph.D. candidate in the philosophy department at MIT, specializing in ethics, political philosophy, and metaphysics. His dissertation research is on fairness in artificial intelligence and machine learning.PHENOMENAL WORLD
The Rise and Fall of the French Road to Socialism. The history of French socialism is filled with famous and heroic dates: 1789; 1848; 1871 1936; 1968. But less well remembered is another date of great significance: 1981. It was in May of that year that the French left achieved its greatest electoral triumph of the postwar era, with thePHENOMENAL WORLD
Market makers and risk managers after 2008. In the 1945 film It’s a Wonderful Life, banker protagonist George Bailey (played by Jimmy Stewart) struggles to exchange his well-functioning loans for cash.He lacks convertibility—known as liquidity risk in modern finance—and so cannot pay impatient depositors.Like any traditional financial intermediary, Bailey seeks to transform short-termPHENOMENAL WORLD
Research, analysis, commentary. Patrick Robbins → Maximilian Kasy → Marshall Steinbaum → Laura Beamer → Kyle Moore → Michael Stynes → Owen Davis → Rodrigo Ochigame → Sara Constantino → Sidhya Balakrishnan → Stephen Nuñez → Steve Krouse → Unlearning Economics → Wilson Sherwin → Alice Tianbo Zhang → Amanda Page-Hoongrajok → Anastasia WilsonPHENOMENAL WORLD
It was initiated by Brandt on 17 February 1972 and ended with a conversation in Vienna on 25 May 1975. Brandt became the Prime Minister of Germany on 21 October 1969, won a reelection in 1972, and resigned on 6 May 1974. Kreisky became the Chancellor of Austria on 21 April 1970 and continued to serve until 24 May 1983.PHENOMENAL WORLD
This trend occurred in every school type, with the worst increases happening in the Associate’s level category, which has seen a 27% increase, from 39 to 49.8 million affected people. Given the ever-increasing costs of higher education, policymakers need to be especially aware of these areas. People Within SCI Bins.PHENOMENAL WORLD
A proposal for a public ratings agency for green finance. The Biden administration has committed the United States to cutting its carbon emissions in half by 2030 and achieving net zero emissions by 2050.PHENOMENAL WORLD
The Politics of Machine Learning, pt. I. Legal claims of disparate impact discrimination go something like this: A company uses some system (e.g., hiring test, performance review, risk assessment tool) in a way that impacts people. Somebody sues, arguing that it has a disproportionate adverse effect on racial minorities, showing initialPHENOMENAL WORLD
The Path-Specific Effects methodology is complex: Combining a more robust theory of race and a normative theory of discrimination with path-specific causal inference methods requires one to draw a causal diagram that rolls together sociological causal mechanisms with normative judgments about which causes and effects ought to beconsidered fair.
PHENOMENAL WORLD
The suffering that people experience when they're pushed down and pushed out beyond the margins of society is criminal. And in the 1960s, many people felt this way, including, of course, the poor themselves. There were proliferating forms of collective protest, particularly in big cities, and particularly among people of color.PHENOMENAL WORLD
David Gray Grant is a Ph.D. candidate in the philosophy department at MIT, specializing in ethics, political philosophy, and metaphysics. His dissertation research is on fairness in artificial intelligence and machine learning.PHENOMENAL WORLD
The Rise and Fall of the French Road to Socialism. The history of French socialism is filled with famous and heroic dates: 1789; 1848; 1871 1936; 1968. But less well remembered is another date of great significance: 1981. It was in May of that year that the French left achieved its greatest electoral triumph of the postwar era, with thePHENOMENAL WORLD
Why did the Ever Given capture our collective imaginations? At the tail end of its moment in the spotlight, the poet Kamran Javadizadeh tweeted: “I too am ‘partially refloated,’ I too remain stuck in the Suez Canal.”Two fluorescent yellow-vested construction workers with an excavator—lego-like compared to the gargantuan hulk of the vessel—attempted to wrench the giant ship from thePHENOMENAL WORLD
Anicet le Pors is a French communist party politician who served as a member of the French Senate from 1977 to 1981, and Minister of Civil Service and Reforms from 1981 to 1984. Maya Adereth: Tell us about your early political development. Anicet le Pors: I was born into a family from the north of Finistère, known as “the land of thePHENOMENAL WORLD
The problem with student debt is a problem of wealth—students and their families are taking on debt because they don’t have enough wealth to afford increasingly-costly, increasingly-mandatory higher education. The debt then itself exacerbates wealth disparities thatPHENOMENAL WORLD
A report looks at Department of Commerce data to reveal import/export trends in masks and ventilators. "In February 2020, the value of U.S. mask exports to China was 1094.0% higher than the 2019 monthly average. In February 2020, the value of U.S ventilator exports to China was 292.2% higher than the 2019 monthly average."PHENOMENAL WORLD
Propertarians rightly identify that data is a social relation—one that is deeply unequal, and thus one that must be reformed. But in an effort to address that inequality, they end up casting data relations as relations of private property or wages that are themselves exploitative. Dignitarians rightly diagnose current forms of dataproduction
PHENOMENAL WORLD
The Politics of Machine Learning, pt. I. Legal claims of disparate impact discrimination go something like this: A company uses some system (e.g., hiring test, performance review, risk assessment tool) in a way that impacts people. Somebody sues, arguing that it has a disproportionate adverse effect on racial minorities, showing initialPHENOMENAL WORLD
The underlying problems in the US economy. Today’s Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) report hardly registers the cataclysm in the US job market. The sharp 0.9 percent uptick in unemployment—itself newsworthy—only grasps the very beginnings of the shutdown of the American economy. Since the BLS surveys were conducted in the week ofMarch 12
PHENOMENAL WORLD
The world economy is structured by countries with competitive export sectors and trade surpluses, like Germany and China, who exhibit underconsumption and excess savings; the US's debt-fueled economy receives these savings through its domination of global financial markets. The dynamic strengthens the power of global finance at theexpense of
PHENOMENAL WORLD
If we take the over 100 million workers in the overall private service sector, they make up over 70% of total nonfarm employment. By contrast, all employees in automobile manufacturing, including parts production, are less than 1 million workers, less than 1% of total employment. A recession that begins with a shock to the servicessector
PHENOMENAL WORLD
The Postindustrial Welfare State. — Maya Adereth. Swedish demonstration for voting rights and the eight hour work day. ( Source .) Gøsta Esping-Andersen's The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism is among the most influential works in the study of welfare states. Rather than conceiving of welfare and industrial policy on a singlestate-market
PHENOMENAL WORLD
Market makers and risk managers after 2008. In the 1945 film It’s a Wonderful Life, banker protagonist George Bailey (played by Jimmy Stewart) struggles to exchange his well-functioning loans for cash.He lacks convertibility—known as liquidity risk in modern finance—and so cannot pay impatient depositors.Like any traditional financial intermediary, Bailey seeks to transform short-termPHENOMENAL WORLD
Research, analysis, commentary. Patrick Robbins → Maximilian Kasy → Marshall Steinbaum → Laura Beamer → Kyle Moore → Michael Stynes → Owen Davis → Rodrigo Ochigame → Sara Constantino → Sidhya Balakrishnan → Stephen Nuñez → Steve Krouse → Unlearning Economics → Wilson Sherwin → Alice Tianbo Zhang → Amanda Page-Hoongrajok → Anastasia WilsonPHENOMENAL WORLD
It was initiated by Brandt on 17 February 1972 and ended with a conversation in Vienna on 25 May 1975. Brandt became the Prime Minister of Germany on 21 October 1969, won a reelection in 1972, and resigned on 6 May 1974. Kreisky became the Chancellor of Austria on 21 April 1970 and continued to serve until 24 May 1983.PHENOMENAL WORLD
This trend occurred in every school type, with the worst increases happening in the Associate’s level category, which has seen a 27% increase, from 39 to 49.8 million affected people. Given the ever-increasing costs of higher education, policymakers need to be especially aware of these areas. People Within SCI Bins.PHENOMENAL WORLD
A proposal for a public ratings agency for green finance. The Biden administration has committed the United States to cutting its carbon emissions in half by 2030 and achieving net zero emissions by 2050.PHENOMENAL WORLD
The Politics of Machine Learning, pt. I. Legal claims of disparate impact discrimination go something like this: A company uses some system (e.g., hiring test, performance review, risk assessment tool) in a way that impacts people. Somebody sues, arguing that it has a disproportionate adverse effect on racial minorities, showing initialPHENOMENAL WORLD
The Path-Specific Effects methodology is complex: Combining a more robust theory of race and a normative theory of discrimination with path-specific causal inference methods requires one to draw a causal diagram that rolls together sociological causal mechanisms with normative judgments about which causes and effects ought to beconsidered fair.
PHENOMENAL WORLD
The suffering that people experience when they're pushed down and pushed out beyond the margins of society is criminal. And in the 1960s, many people felt this way, including, of course, the poor themselves. There were proliferating forms of collective protest, particularly in big cities, and particularly among people of color.PHENOMENAL WORLD
David Gray Grant is a Ph.D. candidate in the philosophy department at MIT, specializing in ethics, political philosophy, and metaphysics. His dissertation research is on fairness in artificial intelligence and machine learning.PHENOMENAL WORLD
The Rise and Fall of the French Road to Socialism. The history of French socialism is filled with famous and heroic dates: 1789; 1848; 1871 1936; 1968. But less well remembered is another date of great significance: 1981. It was in May of that year that the French left achieved its greatest electoral triumph of the postwar era, with thePHENOMENAL WORLD
Market makers and risk managers after 2008. In the 1945 film It’s a Wonderful Life, banker protagonist George Bailey (played by Jimmy Stewart) struggles to exchange his well-functioning loans for cash.He lacks convertibility—known as liquidity risk in modern finance—and so cannot pay impatient depositors.Like any traditional financial intermediary, Bailey seeks to transform short-termPHENOMENAL WORLD
Research, analysis, commentary. Patrick Robbins → Maximilian Kasy → Marshall Steinbaum → Laura Beamer → Kyle Moore → Michael Stynes → Owen Davis → Rodrigo Ochigame → Sara Constantino → Sidhya Balakrishnan → Stephen Nuñez → Steve Krouse → Unlearning Economics → Wilson Sherwin → Alice Tianbo Zhang → Amanda Page-Hoongrajok → Anastasia WilsonPHENOMENAL WORLD
It was initiated by Brandt on 17 February 1972 and ended with a conversation in Vienna on 25 May 1975. Brandt became the Prime Minister of Germany on 21 October 1969, won a reelection in 1972, and resigned on 6 May 1974. Kreisky became the Chancellor of Austria on 21 April 1970 and continued to serve until 24 May 1983.PHENOMENAL WORLD
This trend occurred in every school type, with the worst increases happening in the Associate’s level category, which has seen a 27% increase, from 39 to 49.8 million affected people. Given the ever-increasing costs of higher education, policymakers need to be especially aware of these areas. People Within SCI Bins.PHENOMENAL WORLD
A proposal for a public ratings agency for green finance. The Biden administration has committed the United States to cutting its carbon emissions in half by 2030 and achieving net zero emissions by 2050.PHENOMENAL WORLD
The Politics of Machine Learning, pt. I. Legal claims of disparate impact discrimination go something like this: A company uses some system (e.g., hiring test, performance review, risk assessment tool) in a way that impacts people. Somebody sues, arguing that it has a disproportionate adverse effect on racial minorities, showing initialPHENOMENAL WORLD
The Path-Specific Effects methodology is complex: Combining a more robust theory of race and a normative theory of discrimination with path-specific causal inference methods requires one to draw a causal diagram that rolls together sociological causal mechanisms with normative judgments about which causes and effects ought to beconsidered fair.
PHENOMENAL WORLD
The suffering that people experience when they're pushed down and pushed out beyond the margins of society is criminal. And in the 1960s, many people felt this way, including, of course, the poor themselves. There were proliferating forms of collective protest, particularly in big cities, and particularly among people of color.PHENOMENAL WORLD
David Gray Grant is a Ph.D. candidate in the philosophy department at MIT, specializing in ethics, political philosophy, and metaphysics. His dissertation research is on fairness in artificial intelligence and machine learning.PHENOMENAL WORLD
The Rise and Fall of the French Road to Socialism. The history of French socialism is filled with famous and heroic dates: 1789; 1848; 1871 1936; 1968. But less well remembered is another date of great significance: 1981. It was in May of that year that the French left achieved its greatest electoral triumph of the postwar era, with thePHENOMENAL WORLD
Anicet le Pors is a French communist party politician who served as a member of the French Senate from 1977 to 1981, and Minister of Civil Service and Reforms from 1981 to 1984. Maya Adereth: Tell us about your early political development. Anicet le Pors: I was born into a family from the north of Finistère, known as “the land of thePHENOMENAL WORLD
Phenomenal World is a new publication that distributes research, analysis, and commentary on applied social science. We chose this name for our blog because we hope to publish work that addresses the social world in all its apparent complexity.PHENOMENAL WORLD
The problem with student debt is a problem of wealth—students and their families are taking on debt because they don’t have enough wealth to afford increasingly-costly, increasingly-mandatory higher education. The debt then itself exacerbates wealth disparities thatPHENOMENAL WORLD
A report looks at Department of Commerce data to reveal import/export trends in masks and ventilators. "In February 2020, the value of U.S. mask exports to China was 1094.0% higher than the 2019 monthly average. In February 2020, the value of U.S ventilator exports to China was 292.2% higher than the 2019 monthly average."PHENOMENAL WORLD
Propertarians rightly identify that data is a social relation—one that is deeply unequal, and thus one that must be reformed. But in an effort to address that inequality, they end up casting data relations as relations of private property or wages that are themselves exploitative. Dignitarians rightly diagnose current forms of dataproduction
PHENOMENAL WORLD
The Politics of Machine Learning, pt. I. Legal claims of disparate impact discrimination go something like this: A company uses some system (e.g., hiring test, performance review, risk assessment tool) in a way that impacts people. Somebody sues, arguing that it has a disproportionate adverse effect on racial minorities, showing initialPHENOMENAL WORLD
The underlying problems in the US economy. Today’s Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) report hardly registers the cataclysm in the US job market. The sharp 0.9 percent uptick in unemployment—itself newsworthy—only grasps the very beginnings of the shutdown of the American economy. Since the BLS surveys were conducted in the week ofMarch 12
PHENOMENAL WORLD
The world economy is structured by countries with competitive export sectors and trade surpluses, like Germany and China, who exhibit underconsumption and excess savings; the US's debt-fueled economy receives these savings through its domination of global financial markets. The dynamic strengthens the power of global finance at theexpense of
PHENOMENAL WORLD
If we take the over 100 million workers in the overall private service sector, they make up over 70% of total nonfarm employment. By contrast, all employees in automobile manufacturing, including parts production, are less than 1 million workers, less than 1% of total employment. A recession that begins with a shock to the servicessector
PHENOMENAL WORLD
The Postindustrial Welfare State. — Maya Adereth. Swedish demonstration for voting rights and the eight hour work day. ( Source .) Gøsta Esping-Andersen's The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism is among the most influential works in the study of welfare states. Rather than conceiving of welfare and industrial policy on a singlestate-market
PHENOMENAL WORLD
Market makers and risk managers after 2008. In the 1945 film It’s a Wonderful Life, banker protagonist George Bailey (played by Jimmy Stewart) struggles to exchange his well-functioning loans for cash.He lacks convertibility—known as liquidity risk in modern finance—and so cannot pay impatient depositors.Like any traditional financial intermediary, Bailey seeks to transform short-termPHENOMENAL WORLD
Research, analysis, commentary. Patrick Robbins → Maximilian Kasy → Marshall Steinbaum → Laura Beamer → Kyle Moore → Michael Stynes → Owen Davis → Rodrigo Ochigame → Sara Constantino → Sidhya Balakrishnan → Stephen Nuñez → Steve Krouse → Unlearning Economics → Wilson Sherwin → Alice Tianbo Zhang → Amanda Page-Hoongrajok → Anastasia WilsonPHENOMENAL WORLD
It was initiated by Brandt on 17 February 1972 and ended with a conversation in Vienna on 25 May 1975. Brandt became the Prime Minister of Germany on 21 October 1969, won a reelection in 1972, and resigned on 6 May 1974. Kreisky became the Chancellor of Austria on 21 April 1970 and continued to serve until 24 May 1983.PHENOMENAL WORLD
This trend occurred in every school type, with the worst increases happening in the Associate’s level category, which has seen a 27% increase, from 39 to 49.8 million affected people. Given the ever-increasing costs of higher education, policymakers need to be especially aware of these areas. People Within SCI Bins.PHENOMENAL WORLD
A proposal for a public ratings agency for green finance. The Biden administration has committed the United States to cutting its carbon emissions in half by 2030 and achieving net zero emissions by 2050.PHENOMENAL WORLD
The Politics of Machine Learning, pt. I. Legal claims of disparate impact discrimination go something like this: A company uses some system (e.g., hiring test, performance review, risk assessment tool) in a way that impacts people. Somebody sues, arguing that it has a disproportionate adverse effect on racial minorities, showing initialPHENOMENAL WORLD
The Path-Specific Effects methodology is complex: Combining a more robust theory of race and a normative theory of discrimination with path-specific causal inference methods requires one to draw a causal diagram that rolls together sociological causal mechanisms with normative judgments about which causes and effects ought to beconsidered fair.
PHENOMENAL WORLD
The suffering that people experience when they're pushed down and pushed out beyond the margins of society is criminal. And in the 1960s, many people felt this way, including, of course, the poor themselves. There were proliferating forms of collective protest, particularly in big cities, and particularly among people of color.PHENOMENAL WORLD
David Gray Grant is a Ph.D. candidate in the philosophy department at MIT, specializing in ethics, political philosophy, and metaphysics. His dissertation research is on fairness in artificial intelligence and machine learning.PHENOMENAL WORLD
The Rise and Fall of the French Road to Socialism. The history of French socialism is filled with famous and heroic dates: 1789; 1848; 1871 1936; 1968. But less well remembered is another date of great significance: 1981. It was in May of that year that the French left achieved its greatest electoral triumph of the postwar era, with thePHENOMENAL WORLD
Market makers and risk managers after 2008. In the 1945 film It’s a Wonderful Life, banker protagonist George Bailey (played by Jimmy Stewart) struggles to exchange his well-functioning loans for cash.He lacks convertibility—known as liquidity risk in modern finance—and so cannot pay impatient depositors.Like any traditional financial intermediary, Bailey seeks to transform short-termPHENOMENAL WORLD
Research, analysis, commentary. Patrick Robbins → Maximilian Kasy → Marshall Steinbaum → Laura Beamer → Kyle Moore → Michael Stynes → Owen Davis → Rodrigo Ochigame → Sara Constantino → Sidhya Balakrishnan → Stephen Nuñez → Steve Krouse → Unlearning Economics → Wilson Sherwin → Alice Tianbo Zhang → Amanda Page-Hoongrajok → Anastasia WilsonPHENOMENAL WORLD
It was initiated by Brandt on 17 February 1972 and ended with a conversation in Vienna on 25 May 1975. Brandt became the Prime Minister of Germany on 21 October 1969, won a reelection in 1972, and resigned on 6 May 1974. Kreisky became the Chancellor of Austria on 21 April 1970 and continued to serve until 24 May 1983.PHENOMENAL WORLD
This trend occurred in every school type, with the worst increases happening in the Associate’s level category, which has seen a 27% increase, from 39 to 49.8 million affected people. Given the ever-increasing costs of higher education, policymakers need to be especially aware of these areas. People Within SCI Bins.PHENOMENAL WORLD
A proposal for a public ratings agency for green finance. The Biden administration has committed the United States to cutting its carbon emissions in half by 2030 and achieving net zero emissions by 2050.PHENOMENAL WORLD
The Politics of Machine Learning, pt. I. Legal claims of disparate impact discrimination go something like this: A company uses some system (e.g., hiring test, performance review, risk assessment tool) in a way that impacts people. Somebody sues, arguing that it has a disproportionate adverse effect on racial minorities, showing initialPHENOMENAL WORLD
The Path-Specific Effects methodology is complex: Combining a more robust theory of race and a normative theory of discrimination with path-specific causal inference methods requires one to draw a causal diagram that rolls together sociological causal mechanisms with normative judgments about which causes and effects ought to beconsidered fair.
PHENOMENAL WORLD
The suffering that people experience when they're pushed down and pushed out beyond the margins of society is criminal. And in the 1960s, many people felt this way, including, of course, the poor themselves. There were proliferating forms of collective protest, particularly in big cities, and particularly among people of color.PHENOMENAL WORLD
David Gray Grant is a Ph.D. candidate in the philosophy department at MIT, specializing in ethics, political philosophy, and metaphysics. His dissertation research is on fairness in artificial intelligence and machine learning.PHENOMENAL WORLD
The Rise and Fall of the French Road to Socialism. The history of French socialism is filled with famous and heroic dates: 1789; 1848; 1871 1936; 1968. But less well remembered is another date of great significance: 1981. It was in May of that year that the French left achieved its greatest electoral triumph of the postwar era, with thePHENOMENAL WORLD
Anicet le Pors is a French communist party politician who served as a member of the French Senate from 1977 to 1981, and Minister of Civil Service and Reforms from 1981 to 1984. Maya Adereth: Tell us about your early political development. Anicet le Pors: I was born into a family from the north of Finistère, known as “the land of thePHENOMENAL WORLD
Phenomenal World is a new publication that distributes research, analysis, and commentary on applied social science. We chose this name for our blog because we hope to publish work that addresses the social world in all its apparent complexity.PHENOMENAL WORLD
The problem with student debt is a problem of wealth—students and their families are taking on debt because they don’t have enough wealth to afford increasingly-costly, increasingly-mandatory higher education. The debt then itself exacerbates wealth disparities thatPHENOMENAL WORLD
A report looks at Department of Commerce data to reveal import/export trends in masks and ventilators. "In February 2020, the value of U.S. mask exports to China was 1094.0% higher than the 2019 monthly average. In February 2020, the value of U.S ventilator exports to China was 292.2% higher than the 2019 monthly average."PHENOMENAL WORLD
Propertarians rightly identify that data is a social relation—one that is deeply unequal, and thus one that must be reformed. But in an effort to address that inequality, they end up casting data relations as relations of private property or wages that are themselves exploitative. Dignitarians rightly diagnose current forms of dataproduction
PHENOMENAL WORLD
The Politics of Machine Learning, pt. I. Legal claims of disparate impact discrimination go something like this: A company uses some system (e.g., hiring test, performance review, risk assessment tool) in a way that impacts people. Somebody sues, arguing that it has a disproportionate adverse effect on racial minorities, showing initialPHENOMENAL WORLD
The underlying problems in the US economy. Today’s Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) report hardly registers the cataclysm in the US job market. The sharp 0.9 percent uptick in unemployment—itself newsworthy—only grasps the very beginnings of the shutdown of the American economy. Since the BLS surveys were conducted in the week ofMarch 12
PHENOMENAL WORLD
The world economy is structured by countries with competitive export sectors and trade surpluses, like Germany and China, who exhibit underconsumption and excess savings; the US's debt-fueled economy receives these savings through its domination of global financial markets. The dynamic strengthens the power of global finance at theexpense of
PHENOMENAL WORLD
If we take the over 100 million workers in the overall private service sector, they make up over 70% of total nonfarm employment. By contrast, all employees in automobile manufacturing, including parts production, are less than 1 million workers, less than 1% of total employment. A recession that begins with a shock to the servicessector
PHENOMENAL WORLD
The Postindustrial Welfare State. — Maya Adereth. Swedish demonstration for voting rights and the eight hour work day. ( Source .) Gøsta Esping-Andersen's The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism is among the most influential works in the study of welfare states. Rather than conceiving of welfare and industrial policy on a singlestate-market
PHENOMENAL WORLD
Market makers and risk managers after 2008. In the 1945 film It’s a Wonderful Life, banker protagonist George Bailey (played by Jimmy Stewart) struggles to exchange his well-functioning loans for cash.He lacks convertibility—known as liquidity risk in modern finance—and so cannot pay impatient depositors.Like any traditional financial intermediary, Bailey seeks to transform short-termPHENOMENAL WORLD
Research, analysis, commentary. Patrick Robbins → Maximilian Kasy → Marshall Steinbaum → Laura Beamer → Kyle Moore → Michael Stynes → Owen Davis → Rodrigo Ochigame → Sara Constantino → Sidhya Balakrishnan → Stephen Nuñez → Steve Krouse → Unlearning Economics → Wilson Sherwin → Alice Tianbo Zhang → Amanda Page-Hoongrajok → Anastasia WilsonPHENOMENAL WORLD
It was initiated by Brandt on 17 February 1972 and ended with a conversation in Vienna on 25 May 1975. Brandt became the Prime Minister of Germany on 21 October 1969, won a reelection in 1972, and resigned on 6 May 1974. Kreisky became the Chancellor of Austria on 21 April 1970 and continued to serve until 24 May 1983.PHENOMENAL WORLD
This trend occurred in every school type, with the worst increases happening in the Associate’s level category, which has seen a 27% increase, from 39 to 49.8 million affected people. Given the ever-increasing costs of higher education, policymakers need to be especially aware of these areas. People Within SCI Bins.PHENOMENAL WORLD
A proposal for a public ratings agency for green finance. The Biden administration has committed the United States to cutting its carbon emissions in half by 2030 and achieving net zero emissions by 2050.PHENOMENAL WORLD
The Politics of Machine Learning, pt. I. Legal claims of disparate impact discrimination go something like this: A company uses some system (e.g., hiring test, performance review, risk assessment tool) in a way that impacts people. Somebody sues, arguing that it has a disproportionate adverse effect on racial minorities, showing initialPHENOMENAL WORLD
The Path-Specific Effects methodology is complex: Combining a more robust theory of race and a normative theory of discrimination with path-specific causal inference methods requires one to draw a causal diagram that rolls together sociological causal mechanisms with normative judgments about which causes and effects ought to beconsidered fair.
PHENOMENAL WORLD
The suffering that people experience when they're pushed down and pushed out beyond the margins of society is criminal. And in the 1960s, many people felt this way, including, of course, the poor themselves. There were proliferating forms of collective protest, particularly in big cities, and particularly among people of color.PHENOMENAL WORLD
David Gray Grant is a Ph.D. candidate in the philosophy department at MIT, specializing in ethics, political philosophy, and metaphysics. His dissertation research is on fairness in artificial intelligence and machine learning.PHENOMENAL WORLD
The Rise and Fall of the French Road to Socialism. The history of French socialism is filled with famous and heroic dates: 1789; 1848; 1871 1936; 1968. But less well remembered is another date of great significance: 1981. It was in May of that year that the French left achieved its greatest electoral triumph of the postwar era, with thePHENOMENAL WORLD
Market makers and risk managers after 2008. In the 1945 film It’s a Wonderful Life, banker protagonist George Bailey (played by Jimmy Stewart) struggles to exchange his well-functioning loans for cash.He lacks convertibility—known as liquidity risk in modern finance—and so cannot pay impatient depositors.Like any traditional financial intermediary, Bailey seeks to transform short-termPHENOMENAL WORLD
Research, analysis, commentary. Patrick Robbins → Maximilian Kasy → Marshall Steinbaum → Laura Beamer → Kyle Moore → Michael Stynes → Owen Davis → Rodrigo Ochigame → Sara Constantino → Sidhya Balakrishnan → Stephen Nuñez → Steve Krouse → Unlearning Economics → Wilson Sherwin → Alice Tianbo Zhang → Amanda Page-Hoongrajok → Anastasia WilsonPHENOMENAL WORLD
It was initiated by Brandt on 17 February 1972 and ended with a conversation in Vienna on 25 May 1975. Brandt became the Prime Minister of Germany on 21 October 1969, won a reelection in 1972, and resigned on 6 May 1974. Kreisky became the Chancellor of Austria on 21 April 1970 and continued to serve until 24 May 1983.PHENOMENAL WORLD
This trend occurred in every school type, with the worst increases happening in the Associate’s level category, which has seen a 27% increase, from 39 to 49.8 million affected people. Given the ever-increasing costs of higher education, policymakers need to be especially aware of these areas. People Within SCI Bins.PHENOMENAL WORLD
A proposal for a public ratings agency for green finance. The Biden administration has committed the United States to cutting its carbon emissions in half by 2030 and achieving net zero emissions by 2050.PHENOMENAL WORLD
The Politics of Machine Learning, pt. I. Legal claims of disparate impact discrimination go something like this: A company uses some system (e.g., hiring test, performance review, risk assessment tool) in a way that impacts people. Somebody sues, arguing that it has a disproportionate adverse effect on racial minorities, showing initialPHENOMENAL WORLD
The Path-Specific Effects methodology is complex: Combining a more robust theory of race and a normative theory of discrimination with path-specific causal inference methods requires one to draw a causal diagram that rolls together sociological causal mechanisms with normative judgments about which causes and effects ought to beconsidered fair.
PHENOMENAL WORLD
The suffering that people experience when they're pushed down and pushed out beyond the margins of society is criminal. And in the 1960s, many people felt this way, including, of course, the poor themselves. There were proliferating forms of collective protest, particularly in big cities, and particularly among people of color.PHENOMENAL WORLD
David Gray Grant is a Ph.D. candidate in the philosophy department at MIT, specializing in ethics, political philosophy, and metaphysics. His dissertation research is on fairness in artificial intelligence and machine learning.PHENOMENAL WORLD
The Rise and Fall of the French Road to Socialism. The history of French socialism is filled with famous and heroic dates: 1789; 1848; 1871 1936; 1968. But less well remembered is another date of great significance: 1981. It was in May of that year that the French left achieved its greatest electoral triumph of the postwar era, with thePHENOMENAL WORLD
Anicet le Pors is a French communist party politician who served as a member of the French Senate from 1977 to 1981, and Minister of Civil Service and Reforms from 1981 to 1984. Maya Adereth: Tell us about your early political development. Anicet le Pors: I was born into a family from the north of Finistère, known as “the land of thePHENOMENAL WORLD
Phenomenal World is a new publication that distributes research, analysis, and commentary on applied social science. We chose this name for our blog because we hope to publish work that addresses the social world in all its apparent complexity.PHENOMENAL WORLD
The problem with student debt is a problem of wealth—students and their families are taking on debt because they don’t have enough wealth to afford increasingly-costly, increasingly-mandatory higher education. The debt then itself exacerbates wealth disparities thatPHENOMENAL WORLD
A report looks at Department of Commerce data to reveal import/export trends in masks and ventilators. "In February 2020, the value of U.S. mask exports to China was 1094.0% higher than the 2019 monthly average. In February 2020, the value of U.S ventilator exports to China was 292.2% higher than the 2019 monthly average."PHENOMENAL WORLD
Propertarians rightly identify that data is a social relation—one that is deeply unequal, and thus one that must be reformed. But in an effort to address that inequality, they end up casting data relations as relations of private property or wages that are themselves exploitative. Dignitarians rightly diagnose current forms of dataproduction
PHENOMENAL WORLD
The Politics of Machine Learning, pt. I. Legal claims of disparate impact discrimination go something like this: A company uses some system (e.g., hiring test, performance review, risk assessment tool) in a way that impacts people. Somebody sues, arguing that it has a disproportionate adverse effect on racial minorities, showing initialPHENOMENAL WORLD
The underlying problems in the US economy. Today’s Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) report hardly registers the cataclysm in the US job market. The sharp 0.9 percent uptick in unemployment—itself newsworthy—only grasps the very beginnings of the shutdown of the American economy. Since the BLS surveys were conducted in the week ofMarch 12
PHENOMENAL WORLD
The world economy is structured by countries with competitive export sectors and trade surpluses, like Germany and China, who exhibit underconsumption and excess savings; the US's debt-fueled economy receives these savings through its domination of global financial markets. The dynamic strengthens the power of global finance at theexpense of
PHENOMENAL WORLD
If we take the over 100 million workers in the overall private service sector, they make up over 70% of total nonfarm employment. By contrast, all employees in automobile manufacturing, including parts production, are less than 1 million workers, less than 1% of total employment. A recession that begins with a shock to the servicessector
PHENOMENAL WORLD
The Postindustrial Welfare State. — Maya Adereth. Swedish demonstration for voting rights and the eight hour work day. ( Source .) Gøsta Esping-Andersen's The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism is among the most influential works in the study of welfare states. Rather than conceiving of welfare and industrial policy on a singlestate-market
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* PW Sources (Saturday digest of recommended readings) * PW Updates (New post alerts)JUNE 5TH, 2021
PHENOMENAL WORKS: LALEH KHALILI * → Laleh Khalili DECOLONIZING INFRASTRUCTURE “What if infrastructure is designed, financed, and adopted into the habits of everyday lives of its users in such a way that it is not a harbinger of apocalypse?” In a recent essay, Laleh Khalili
notes a key dilemma of infrastructure projects—in both colonial and postcolonial contexts, and even in the service of revolutionary ideals, infrastructure, a key feature of economic development models, carries destructive environmental impacts. Khalili argues in favor of a conception of infrastructure beyond the bounds of Rostow’s stages of growth, instead looking to projects that are redistributive, participatory, and egalitarian.↳ Full Article
JUNE 2ND, 2021
RISKS AND CRISES
* → Elham Saeidinezhad MARKET MAKERS AND RISK MANAGERS AFTER 2008 In the 1945 film _It’s a Wonderful Life_, banker protagonist George Bailey (played by Jimmy Stewart) struggles to exchange his well-functioning loans for cash. He lacks _convertibility_—known as liquidity risk in modern finance—and so cannot pay impatient depositors. Like any traditional financial intermediary, Bailey seeks to transform short-term debts (deposits) into long-term assets (loans). In the eyes of traditional macroeconomics, a run on the bank could be prevented if Bailey had borrowed money from the Fed, and used the bank’s assets as collateral. In the late-nineteenth-century, British journalist Walter Bagehot argued that the Fed acts as a “lender of last resort,” injecting liquidity into the banking system. As long as a bank was perceived solvent, then, its access to the Fed’s credit facilities would be almost guaranteed. In an economy like the one in _It's A Wonderful Life_, the primary question was whether people could get their money out in the case of a crisis. And for a long time, Bagehot’s rule, “lend freely, against good collateral, but at a high rate,” maintained the Fed’s control over the money market and helped end banking panics and systemic bankingcrises.
This control evaporated on September 15, 2008, with Lehman Brothers’ collapse. On that day, an enormous spike in interbank lending rates was caused not by a run on a bank, but by the failure of an illiquidsecurities dealer.
↳ Full Article
MAY 13TH, 2021
INVESTMENT AND DECARBONIZATION: RATING GREEN FINANCE * → Anusar Farooqui* → Tim Sahay
A PROPOSAL FOR A PUBLIC RATINGS AGENCY FOR GREEN FINANCE The Biden administration has committed the United States to cutting its carbon emissions in half by 2030 and achieving net zero emissions by 2050. The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) estimates that the global transition to a low-carbon future will require $131 trillion in infrastructure investment by 2050. With the US share of global GDP and carbon emissions around 16 percent, a back-of-the-envelope calculation puts its gross financing needs at roughly $21 trillion—or 100 percent of GDP over the next three decades. In other words: approximately 3.3 percent of GDP per annum in investment has to be financed to achieve Biden’s commitments. But the aggregate climate-related financing promised by the twin bills introduced by Biden is no more than $100 billion, or 0.5 percent of GDP per year over the next eight years. How is the rest going to befinanced?
↳ Full Article
MAY 6TH, 2021
RESTRUCTURING SOVEREIGN DEBT* → Reece Sisto
AN INTERVIEW WITH KEN SHADLEN Ken Shadlen's research examines how international institutions can create unique challenges for developing countries and, in doing so exacerbate core-periphery inequalities. Writing on the HIV/AIDS crisis, Shadlen has illustrated how intellectual property rules developed by the World Trade Organization threaten to limit the supply of antiretrovirals, with profound implications for patients in the developing world. In his 2017 book, he finds that countries which had well developed pharmaceutical sectors prior to the WTO’s Agreement on Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) did not adopt the sort of maximalist patent regimes that were demanded of less-developed nations. Across his work, Shadlen explores how political blocking and coalition building by developing countries strengthened their influence within the WTO in the late twentiethcentury.
↳ Full Article
APRIL 28TH, 2021
RECONSTRUCTION FINANCE* → Nic Johnson
RECONSTRUCTING THE RFC Like the world system as a whole, segregated cities in the United States have their own finance driven core-periphery dynamics. The world economy is structured by countries with competitive export sectors and trade surpluses, like Germany and China, who exhibit underconsumption and excess savings; the US's debt-fueled economy receives these savings through its domination of global financial markets. The dynamic strengthens the power of global finance at the expense of wages and living standards. And within the US, the allocation of credit and investment has exacerbated racial disparities and altered themunicipal geography
of debt. At
the level of the city and the financial system, these developments warrant a powerful political response. But what form can that responsetake?
↳ Full Article
APRIL 2ND, 2021
PHENOMENAL WORKS: HO-FUNG HUNG* → Ho-Fung Hung
REVISITING IMPERIALISMHo-fung Hung
investigates the role of economic development in state formation and global power, with a specific focus on China and East Asia. In his 2015 book _The China Boom: Why China Will Not Rule the World_, he argues that despite predictions that China's growth would fundamentally challenge the prevailing power relations between the East and West, the nation continues to depend on the existing global order—in a system maintained by the interests of Chinese elites. Hung's 2011 book _Protest with Chinese Characteristics: Demonstrations, Riots, and Petitions in the Mid-Qing Dynasty_ examines over one thousand protest actions in China over the 18th and 19th century, looking at the state and market conditions that catalyzed petitions, rallies, riots, market strikes as forms of popular protest, and ultimately challenging the dominant narrative of dissent as tied to Western political thought. Hung currently serves as the Henry M. and Elizabeth P. Wiesenfeld Professor in Political Economy at the Sociology Department and the Paul H Nitze School of Advanced International Studies of the JohnsHopkins University.
↳ Full Article
MARCH 19TH, 2021
PARTY POLITICS AND SOCIAL POLICY* → Lena Lavinas
* → André Singer * → Barbara Weinstein A CONVERSATION BETWEEN LENA LAVINAS, ANDRÉ SINGER, AND BARBARAWEINSTEIN
In the _The Takeover of Social Policy by Financialization_ , Lena Lavinas names the “Brazilian Paradox”: the model of social inclusion implemented by the Workers’ Party under President Lula and President Rousseff promotes a logic of financial inclusion and market incorporation, and has ultimately contributed to mass indebtedness among the Brazilian population. André Singer assesses this period of social policy expansion as an attempt to reach the “Rooseveltian dream”—a
political project that ended with the impeachment of President Rousseff in 2016 and the election of President Bolsonaro in 2018. On January 25, Lena Lavinas, André Singer, and Barbara Weinstein, historian and author of _For Social Peace in Brazil_,
gathered to discuss this period of mass social inclusion and its unraveling in political scandal and a lurch to the right. A recording of the conversation can be watched here.
The transcript was edited for length and clarity.↳ Full Article
FEBRUARY 20TH, 2021
TRANSITIONS
* → Juan Andrade
ON SPAIN'S TRANSITION FROM DICTATORSHIP TO CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY It’s been some time since the term “transition” was fully incorporated into day-to-day usage in contemporary Spanish. It refers to the process of political change that began during the second half of the 1970s, a process which transformed Spain from the Franco dictatorship to the parliamentary monarchy that governs the country today. The term was coined in the midst of the dictatorship, as if in its invocation it could foreshadow the horizon of its disintegration. It succeeded in connoting the way in which one regime gave way to another—not a violent cut, nor a democratic breakdown in the strict sense. Instead, it was a process negotiated by the leaders who had inherited the state apparatus of the dictatorship, and the leaders of the parties of the democratic opposition. While the first aimed to assert the weight, however trivial, of an obsolete and precarious power structure, the second aimed to channel the democratic impulse of a significant section of Spanish society. That latter section was composed of men and women who resisted through illegal parties and organized social movements (worker’s movements, neighborhood associations, student unions, and feminist groups) capable of breaking the public order and revealing, between the cracks of the regime, the new alternatives. In their day to day, they developed forms of political participation, experimentation, and cultural innovation which themselves detracted from Franco’s hold on the popular imagination. In many ways, these early experiences were much more profound than the institutional restructuring later termed the transition. From this angle, the transition can be understood as a _sfumato_, that is to say, not only the fading of dictatorship into democracy, but as a sum of experiential layers each contributing to its atmosphere and offering a depth that we’ve yet to fully grasp.The interviews with Felipe González, Begoña San Jose, and Héctor Maravall contained in this book capture the texture of thishistorical moment.
On the other side of this politically active reality stood another very diverse and wide sector of society, predisposed to the consensus they were socialized into under Francoism. They were motivated by a timid desire for change, as well as by a deep fear of its consequences. Under- standing the Spanish transition requires gaining an awareness of these inherited social habits which were highly structured by authoritarianism, and the survival of its repressive legal, bureaucratic, and media institutions. It also requires acknowledging an international framework in which any action on the margin of society was limited by the areas of political influence that defined the Cold War period. But understanding the transition also requires capturing that organic crisis in existing relations of power, the intuitive and automatic social responses which enhanced the appeal of new cultural attitudes and expanded the scope for political action. The much cited phrase of Manuel Vázquez Montalbán—which explains the negotiations behind the changing regime as “an alignment of weaknesses”—is useful if we recognize that, in moments of crisis, any alignment of forces is unstable and fragile. Understood through its underlying estatism, “an alignment of weaknesses” is a declaration that the transition happened in the only way that it could have. It’s an argument in which the real is transformed into the rational, the rational into the optimal, and the optimal into the venerable. But we know that narratives of the past tend to perform this argumentative transposition in the opposite direction: it is from the veneration of the present that earlier events are arranged in a way that inevitably leads towards some determined destiny.↳ Full Article
FEBRUARY 20TH, 2021
FEMINISM IN THE UNION* → Maya Adereth
* → Javier Padilla AN INTERVIEW WITH BEGOÑA SAN JOSÉ Begoña San José is a feminist activist and trade union leader. Maya Adereth: Tell us about your introduction to political activismand feminism.
Begoña San José : I had a religious upbringing and went to school at a convent when I was very young. The first movement I participated in was around the Second Vatican Council, which was about renewing the commitment to working people and the poor. When I left my parents’ house at the age of eighteen, I started working as a house cleaner, and in 1970 I was hired by OSRAM, a multinational company producing light bulbs and lamps. Even before I started working, I wanted to join the CCOO. I knew priests who were involved with it, and I knew about meetings held in Orcasitas, a working-class neighborhood in Madrid. But union operations were clandestine, and I had to join the ORT, a Maoist organization, in order to join the union. I finally joined the CCOO in 1971, when a collective agreement was being negotiated at my factory. In 1973 I got arrested during a CCOO meeting and imprisoned without a trial. Shortly before entering prison I joined the PCE, and after I was released I continued working for the same firm. In 1974 I was arrested again and this time I was fired from the factory. In prison, I met members of a feminist organization called the Democratic Movement of Women. They worked closely with the PCE to organize solidarity efforts for political prisoners; they brought us books, clothes, and food. In 1975, Franco died and the feminist movement erupted. A common platform was developed, demanding equal access to employment, universal access to early childhood education, the legalization of contraceptives, and the elimination of sex-differentiated criminal sentences. I was active in this through the CCOO. We would meet exactly at the location where the Atocha massacre occurred in 1977, and after one of these meetings I was invited to a DMW meeting. My boss, a man, said I shouldn’t go, and that is what drove me to attend. That was the first feminist meeting I attended in my life. I vividly remember watching the wives of trade union leaders and politicians criticize their husbands for defending democracy in the street and ignoring it in their homes. This feminist call for equality and democracy in the home hugely impacted me. One or two years later, the CCOO created a Department of Women, and I became an active member in 1976. I’ve been active in the Spanish feminist movement ever since.↳ Full Article
FEBRUARY 20TH, 2021
NEW SYSTEM, NEW SOCIETY* → Maya Adereth
* → Javier Padilla * → José María Maravall AN INTERVIEW WITH FELIPE GONZÁLEZ Felipe González was Prime Minister of Spain from 1982-1996. Maya Adereth: Let's start with your experience in the anti-Francoistresistance.
Felipe Gonzalez: In the final years of the Franco regime I spent a lot of time getting prosecuted and detained—in 1971 I was detained three times. But I was never tortured, like some of my cellmates whose condition I lament to this day. For me, this period was about understanding clearly that I wanted an end to the dictatorship, and that I did not want to replace one dictatorship with another. I joined the PSOE in the 1960s because of its history of struggle over civil rights, and its commitment to social democracy. And I’ve stayedthere ever since.
Javier Padilla: Did you have any political or ideological mentors? FG: There was a group of us in Sevilla, sometimes referred to as the “Tortilla Group” which included Alfonso Guerra, Luis Yáñez, and Manuel Chaves. We were committed to ending the dictatorship, but we didn’t have particular political mentors. We regularly read _Nouvelle Observateur_, and we learned about models of workers self management and cooperatives in Yugoslavia. These ideas interested me from both a political and theoretical point of view because of the ways in which they distanced themselves from Soviet planning. JP: Tell us about your process of becoming leader of the party. What was your opinion of the party leaders who were in Toulouse? FG: We had an interesting situation in Sevilla. Alfonso Fernández Torres was an old socialist militant from Jaén who clashed with the leadership in exile when we met him. We didn’t know why, and we didn’t even know that Rodolfo Llopis had expelled the Andalusian organization because he considered it too rebellious. We were just a group of young people who were agitating at the University. We used the faculty and graduate students at the Law Department in order to build contacts with the CCOO and the UGT. At a certain point, we met an Andalusian socialist who invited us to the national congress of the party in Baiona on July 16, 1969. At this congress, we realized that the vision of reality held by the exiled party leaders was entirely distorted. They had an irreconcilable hatred for Santiago José Carrillo, and they had no idea what was happening on the ground.↳ Full Article
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