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RELIABLE VS. UNRELIABLE COMMUNICATION The terms reliable and unreliable don't refer to whether it works or not. It refers to whether something is done to guarantee. RELIABLE. End stations running reliable protocols will work together to verify the transmission of data to ensure accuracy and integrity of the data. BGP AUTONOMOUS SYSTEM NUMBER (AS NUMBER) INETDAEMON.COMALL TUTORIALS (INDEX)BASIC CONCEPTSCOMPUTER TUTORIALSINTERNET TUTORIALSNETWORK TUTORIALS As of 9:29 AM December 25th, 2014, store.steampowered.com appears to be “offline” according to “isitdownrightnow.com”, as is the ‘steamcommunity.com’ site.. Steampowered is offering a free copy of Left 4 Dead 2 (promotion ends December 26 10am Pacific), which along with the usual Christmas registrations and Steam engine downloads and installs, is jamming the “store” servers and SPECIAL IP ADDRESSES The 127.0.0.0 class 'A' subnet is used for special local addresses, most commonly the loopback address 127.0.0.1. This address is used to test the local network interface device's functionality. All network interface devices should respond to WHAT IS AN INTERNET HOST? An Internet host can be a machine or an application connected to the Internet that has an Internet Protocol address (IP address).An IP address is used to uniquely identify every host on the Internet.Because these IP address are unique, they can be used as the source and destination IP addresses in any IP-based communication.At the most basic level, Internet hosts fall into two OSI MODEL - A REAL WORLD EXAMPLE::INETDAEMON.COM Real World Example . Due to popular demand, InetDaemon has written an operational example of how the OSI model can be used to describe what happens when you browse a web page on a web site. This page you are reading is stored on our website and you are most probably using a web browser to read this. We will use the OSI model to describe what happens when you click a link in a OSI MODEL VS INTERNET MODEL (TCP/IP MODEL) The OSI Model is one way of describing how networks work, but it's not the only way. When you describe the way the Internet works, you don't always see all seven layers of the OSI Model as separate layers. The OSI Model is a seven layer design model and the Internet only needs a four layer model to describe how it works. If you haven't already read the OSI Model tutorial, you should go back NETWORK LAYER REACHABILITY INFORMATION (NLRI) The Network Layer Reachability Information (NLRI) is exchanged between BGP routers using UPDATE messages. An NLRI is composed of a LENGTH and a PREFIX. The length is a network mask in CIDR notation (eg. /25) specifying the number of network bits, and the prefix is the Network address for that subnet. The NLRI is unique to BGP version 4 and IEEE 802 PROTOCOL SPECIFICATIONS IEEE 802 Protocol Specifications. This page is a collection of the listings of the IEEE's 802 groups of standardized protocols and methods. The information below was taken from, and links to websites maintained by the working groups. In some cases, the protocols and the development work were abandoned due to lack of support or interest or SATELLITE FREQUENCY BANDS (SATELLITE FREQUENCIES) Satellite Frequency Bands. There are a number of radio frequency ranges in use in satellite communications such as C, X, Ku, Ka and even EHG and V-band. To prevent interferance caused by multiple sites transmitting on the same frequencies, government agencies and standards organizations around the globe try to keep the usageorganized and often
RELIABLE VS. UNRELIABLE COMMUNICATION The terms reliable and unreliable don't refer to whether it works or not. It refers to whether something is done to guarantee. RELIABLE. End stations running reliable protocols will work together to verify the transmission of data to ensure accuracy and integrity of the data. BGP AUTONOMOUS SYSTEM NUMBER (AS NUMBER)INETDAEMON.COM
As of 9:29 AM December 25th, 2014, store.steampowered.com appears to be “offline” according to “isitdownrightnow.com”, as is the ‘steamcommunity.com’ site.. Steampowered is offering a free copy of Left 4 Dead 2 (promotion ends December 26 10am Pacific), which along with the usual Christmas registrations and Steam engine downloads and installs, is jamming the “store” servers and OSI MODEL VS INTERNET MODEL (TCP/IP MODEL) The OSI Model is one way of describing how networks work, but it's not the only way. When you describe the way the Internet works, you don't always see all seven layers of the OSI Model as separate layers. The OSI Model is a seven layer design model and the Internet only needs a four layer model to describe how it works. If you haven't already read the OSI Model tutorial, you should go back RELIABLE VS. UNRELIABLE COMMUNICATION The terms reliable and unreliable don't refer to whether it works or not. It refers to whether something is done to guarantee. RELIABLE. End stations running reliable protocols will work together to verify the transmission of data to ensure accuracy and integrity of the data. DNS AUTHORITY & AUTHORITATIVE RESPONSES Authoritative Servers. DNS Servers can be configured to host more than one domain.A server can be primary for one domain, and secondary for another. The term authoritative refers to any DNS servers that has a complete copy of the domain's information, whether it was entered by an administrator or transferred from a primary server. Thus, a secondary server can and should be BGP AUTONOMOUS SYSTEM NUMBER (AS NUMBER) What is an ASN or AS? An Autonomous System Number (AS number or just ASN) is a special number assigned by IANA used primarilly with Border Gateway Protocol which uniquely identifies an network under a single technical administration that has a unique routing policy, or is multi-homed to the public internet.This autonomous system number is required if you are to run BGP and peer with SEGMENTATION, FRAGMENTATION AND REASSEMBLY SEGMENTATION. Segmentation is the term used to describe the process of chopping streams of data into smaller chunks. Segmentation usually occurs fairly early in the communication process and it is almost always software that performs the segmentation process.DNS HIDDEN MASTER
"Hidden master" is the term given to describe a special DNS configuration that protects the master DNS server from attack. This configuration conflicts with the expected standard configuration and registration process, and will often confuse most inexperienced DNS administrators. As if this weren't enough, it relies on both an Internet connection, a carefully configured DNS server AND a REQUIREMENTS FOR RUNNING BGP Requirements for Running BGP. Last Updated: Saturday, 19-May-2018 15:41:17 MDT | By InetDaemon. To run BGP you are required to have the following: An AS Number. Multi-homed to the Internet. BGP4 Capable Router. Sufficient Router Memory. Fully HAYES AT MODEM COMMANDS HAYES AT COMMAND SET : AT Dialing Commands: CMD ACTION +++ Escape sequence. Notify the modem that a command is forthcoming. Escape is followed by other commands such as 'H' for hang-up/off-hook, or 'O' for 'on-hook'. Whilst 'mudding' on the old BBS systems we would social-engineer boisterous newbies into typing +++H. NETWORK INTERFACE DEVICE Network Interface Device. The Network Interface Device or NID is the little gray box outside your home that provides the connection to the public switched telephone network (PSTN). One side is locked with a small tie ring, the other is left open so the customer can access it. Here we see a picture of the NID with the the customer side open.InetDaemon.Com
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MEMBER SIGNUP DISABLED (TEMPORARILY) Published June 7, 2014 | By InetDaemon InetDaemon.Com started seeing an increase in fake registrations at the site, around 10-20 daily up from around 1-2 per week. Periodically, I go back and clean out old unused accounts. This is just part of routine maintenance and security any site using a dynamic web application like WordPress should be doing. More than 99% of these bogus accounts were never used, so this means that the people (or bots) didn’t sign up to use the site, but registered for another purpose. Since we don’t sell anything here or take credit card numbers, I can only assume they want to harvest the local logins and email addresses, which are the only thing we have stored here. I have shut down the membership registration functions temporarily until I can figure out a solution that is so unpalatable to the spammers and other criminals that it’s not worth their time. Posted in Technology, Wordpress
AUTONOMOUS SYSTEM NUMBER TUTORIAL UPDATED Published February 3, 2014 | By InetDaemon In 1999 I wrote a series of Border Gateway Protocol tutorials including a tutorial onautonomous system
numbers. Since then AS numbers have been changed from 16-bit to 32-bit numbers to avoid running out of identifiers for BGPsessions. I have
updated the BGP AS numbers tutorial with a table that outlines what each range of autonomous system numbers are used for.Posted in Internet
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Network
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Technology | TaggedCCNA , Internet
, networking
, Routing
DIY VMWARE WHITEBOX
Published January 25, 2014 | By InetDaemon Back in July this year, I wanted to build a virtual lab for self training purposes but I didn’t have the cash required to build what VMWare considers a minimal lab on hardware that VMWare has certified. Server hardware is _expensive_. I knew that VMWare’s basic server has always been free, albeit without support, and will run on most Intel compatible hardware. The trick with VMWare is whether it will pass certain hardware features, such as access to components plugged into the PCI express bus, such as the video card functions. This is where IOMMU comes in, and finding a motherboard that supports IOMMU is difficult, because manufacturers don’t want you to know that a $130 desktop motherboard has the same features as their $900 server motherboard. WHITEBOX HARDWARE LIST Here’s the hardware I selected: * $179.00 – CPU: AMD FX-8350 * $139.00 – MOTHERBOARD: Gigabyte 990FXA-UD3 * $139.00 – RAM: 16 GB, 1600 Mhz (8 CAS Latency) * $179.00 – VIDEO: Gigabyte GEFORCE GTX 660 Ti Boost w/2GBGDDR5
* $239.00 – SSD HD: 256 GB SATA III (6Gbps) SSD OCX Vector3, 100k IOPS random read/write * $ 59.00 – HD: Toshiba 1 TB 7200 RPM drive * $149.00 – CASE: NZXT Phantom (White) CPU: AMD FX-8350 – $179 The AMD FX-8350 is an 8-core, multi-threaded CPU which will give me more VM’s and is cheaper than the Intel CPU with the same performance specs. It’s on the new Vishera 32nm fabrication process and cooler than the previous generation of this architecture. First, I’m using Windows to do an initial burn-in test and test the components on the OS they were designed for. MOTHERBOARD: GIGABYTE 990FXZ-UD3 The Gigabyte 990FXA-UD3 supports up to 32 GB of RAM, and IOMMU for pass-through of PCIe components into VMWare, and up to four PCIe video cards, if you want gaming FPS. I just want a basic server for learning virtualization. With 32 GB of RAM, I can fit seven VM’s on this box comfortably with a host OS, Enough for a small lab of computers. Revision 4.0 of this board supports hot-pluggable eSATA (SATA 6), but the external eSATA only supports RAID 0 and RAID 1. The internal SATA controller is fully SATA 6 and supports all RAIDlevels.
I was _extremely_ impressed with how well this board is marked and labeled. A beginner would have an easy time assembling a system with this board. The included driver CD adds in everything Windows doesn’t recognize and the system has been rock-solid since the day I built it. Plays Diablo III on the highest settings, which isn’t saying much, but running Diablo III on one monitor while it is performing full HD video processing on another monitor (jumps a bit occasionally) is fairly impressive for a single video card rig. Never fear, there’s a second slot for video cards and the abilityto bridge them.
VIDEO: GIGABYTE GEFORCE GTX 660TI BOOST I chose the Gigabyte… Continue reading → Posted in Technology STEAMPOWERED: 503 SERVICE UNAVAILABLE Published December 25, 2013 | By InetDaemon As of 9:29 AM December 25th, 2014, store.steampowered.com appears to be “offline” according to “isitdownrightnow.com”, as is the
‘steamcommunity.com’ site. Steampowered is offering a free copy of Left 4 Dead 2 (promotion ends December 26 10am Pacific), which along with the usual Christmas registrations and Steam engine downloads and installs, is jamming the “store” servers and overloading the ‘Valve’ network. Many visitors are receiving “503 Service Unavailable” errors when visiting the site via browser or the Steam client. I was able to successfully download and install the steam engine. Everything else, such as validating purchases via email, and gaming, appears to be very slow, intermittently offline or unavailable. I’m not a gamer, but I play Skyrim from time to time. At present, it appears that there’s the following issues currently: * May/May not be able to log into the Steam powered store via browser or the steam client. * Email confirmations do not appear to be working (mail serverissues?)
* Cannot get the list of installed products * The Steampowered store “Blog” is offline/inaccessible. There may be other issues I can’t detect from here. Posted in Technology← Older posts
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