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TEMP12K « CLIMATE AUDIT Jul 8, 2020 – 4:35 PM. Nearly all of the text of this article on an interesting ice core proxy series (James Ross Island) from the Antarctic Peninsula was written in June 2014, but not finished at the time for reasons that I don’t recall. This proxy was one of 16 MILANKOVITCH FORCING AND TREE RING PROXIES « CLIMATE AUDITSEE MORE ONCLIMATEAUDIT.ORG
THE IPCC SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE RECONSTRUCTIONS « CLIMATE AUDIT A question for readers: which of the following proxies are used to reconstruct past Southern Hemisphere temperature in the IPCC's graphic (Figure 5.7b) showing SH reconstructions: 1. Graybill's California strip-bark bristlecone chronologies 2. upside down and contaminated Finnish lake sediments 3. European instrumental temperature data 4. REGRESSION AND VARIMAX ROTATION « CLIMATE AUDIT I’ve been reading through some articles on altitudinal reconstructions by Rob Wilson and other Luckman students. The studies all follow a similar strategy as Wilson et al 2007 – principal components analysis; truncation to eigenvalues 1, varimax rotation and regression. It’s pretty obvious that these operations are all linear and if the linear algebra were boiled down, the operations DONGGE CAVE « CLIMATE AUDIT Dongge Cave is a very long speleothem in southeast China, which is held to provide evidence on changes in the Asian monsoon. It was most recently considered in Bao Yang et al (QSR 2007) in juxtaposition with the Dasuopu ice core, Oman speleothem S3 and the RC2730 Arabian Sea core showing G bulloides percentage. (This HANSEN SCENARIOS A AND B This is a somewhat restated version of an earlier post seeking to understand the differences between Hansen Scenarios A and B. Rather than trying to clarify matters here, Gavin Schmidt posted over at Tim Lambert's. In this morning's post, I correctly identified that the difference between Scenarios A and B for periods up to the WEATHERING AND THERMOMETER SHELTERS « CLIMATE AUDIT Weathering and Thermometer Shelters. Former Virginia State Climatologist Patrick J. Michaels wrote an op-ed about his paper with Ross McKitrick from Canada’s University of Guelph in an American Spectator column today about the surface temperature record. This paragraph really caught my eye: “Weather equipment is veryhigh-maintenance.
REJECTED NATURE CORRESPONDENCE « CLIMATE AUDIT Rejected Nature Correspondence. Last week, Mann et al published a letter in the Nature Correspondence section saying that it was "hard to imagine how much more explicit" they could have been about the uncertainties and blaming "poor communication by others" for the "subsequent confusion", disucssed here. The Mann et al letter isabsurd and Ross
CLIMATE AUDITHOCKEY STICK STUDIESSTATISTICS AND RCONTACT STEVE MCPROXY DATACA BLOG SETUPFAQ 2005 Using conventional regression nomenclature, the regression coefficient b is given by the formula. (2) b= (X^T * X)^ {-1} X^T y. where the X matrix of independent variables if {Year; Temperature} and y is the Yield vector. For convenience (and thus is irrelevant to the point that I’m working towards), normalize the data. 2021 MARCH « CLIMATE AUDIT Milankovitch Forcing and Tree Ring Proxies. Mar 2, 2021 – 5:05 PM. Mar 2, 2021. This post was written in 2015 but, for some reason, I didn’t publish it at the time. Seems just as valid today as when it was written. Esper et al 2012, Orbital Forcing of Tree Ring Data pdf SI, is one of the few paleoclimate articles in past decade whichreally
TEMP12K « CLIMATE AUDIT Jul 8, 2020 – 4:35 PM. Nearly all of the text of this article on an interesting ice core proxy series (James Ross Island) from the Antarctic Peninsula was written in June 2014, but not finished at the time for reasons that I don’t recall. This proxy was one of 16 MILANKOVITCH FORCING AND TREE RING PROXIES « CLIMATE AUDITSEE MORE ONCLIMATEAUDIT.ORG
THE IPCC SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE RECONSTRUCTIONS « CLIMATE AUDIT A question for readers: which of the following proxies are used to reconstruct past Southern Hemisphere temperature in the IPCC's graphic (Figure 5.7b) showing SH reconstructions: 1. Graybill's California strip-bark bristlecone chronologies 2. upside down and contaminated Finnish lake sediments 3. European instrumental temperature data 4. REGRESSION AND VARIMAX ROTATION « CLIMATE AUDIT I’ve been reading through some articles on altitudinal reconstructions by Rob Wilson and other Luckman students. The studies all follow a similar strategy as Wilson et al 2007 – principal components analysis; truncation to eigenvalues 1, varimax rotation and regression. It’s pretty obvious that these operations are all linear and if the linear algebra were boiled down, the operations DONGGE CAVE « CLIMATE AUDIT Dongge Cave is a very long speleothem in southeast China, which is held to provide evidence on changes in the Asian monsoon. It was most recently considered in Bao Yang et al (QSR 2007) in juxtaposition with the Dasuopu ice core, Oman speleothem S3 and the RC2730 Arabian Sea core showing G bulloides percentage. (This HANSEN SCENARIOS A AND B This is a somewhat restated version of an earlier post seeking to understand the differences between Hansen Scenarios A and B. Rather than trying to clarify matters here, Gavin Schmidt posted over at Tim Lambert's. In this morning's post, I correctly identified that the difference between Scenarios A and B for periods up to the WEATHERING AND THERMOMETER SHELTERS « CLIMATE AUDIT Weathering and Thermometer Shelters. Former Virginia State Climatologist Patrick J. Michaels wrote an op-ed about his paper with Ross McKitrick from Canada’s University of Guelph in an American Spectator column today about the surface temperature record. This paragraph really caught my eye: “Weather equipment is veryhigh-maintenance.
REJECTED NATURE CORRESPONDENCE « CLIMATE AUDIT Rejected Nature Correspondence. Last week, Mann et al published a letter in the Nature Correspondence section saying that it was "hard to imagine how much more explicit" they could have been about the uncertainties and blaming "poor communication by others" for the "subsequent confusion", disucssed here. The Mann et al letter isabsurd and Ross
ABOUT « CLIMATE AUDIT Engine room heating is impossible with ~1second time to intake thermometers and high volumes. A thermocline depth of 5m with gradient -0.1oC per meter was found. Average correlation between SST and marine air temperature (MAT) was ~0.24. Climate models assume well-mixed ocean to 10m and substitute MAT for SST.CLIMATE AUDIT
The SMART agency published a video, 1:52 minutes long, with original footage at 5:48 pm, but it appears to have recorded earlier events than the Doumani video published at 4:03 pm. It began by showing five photos from the first floor. SMART also published a set of high-resolution photos from the same events. STEPHEN MCINTYRE « CLIMATE AUDIT PAGES2K: North American Tree Ring Proxies. Oct 24, 2018 – 1:57 PM. The PAGES (2017) North American network consists entirely of tree rings. Climate Audit readers will recall the unique role of North American stripbark bristlecone chronologies in Mann et al 1998 and Mann et al 2008 (and in the majority of IPCC multiproxyreconstructions).
WARMEST SINCE, UH, THE MEDIEVAL WARM PERIOD « CLIMATE AUDIT In the PAGES2-2013 version, the AD1971-2000 period was the warmest in “over 1400 years”. In the revised version, it is still the warmer than values in the Little Ice Age and indeed warmer than any period since, uh, the Medieval Warm Period. By showing the above graphic, I do not imply any endorsement of other parts of PAGES2K. WHAT NICK STOKES WOULDN’T SHOW YOU « CLIMATE AUDIT In MM05, we quantified the hockeystick-ness of simulated PC1s as the difference between the 1902-1980 mean (the "short centering" period of Mannian principal components) and the overall mean (1400-1980), divided by the standard deviation - a measure that we termed its "Hockey Stick Index (HSI)". In MM05 Figure 2, we showed histograms ofthe HSI
MOBERG ET AL #2 « CLIMATE AUDIT Moberg et al. was published today in Nature. It is an almost unique study because none of the authors are on the Hockey Team (although Moberg has co-authored with Jones in the past) and is virtually the first somewhat independent multiproxy study. The figures in the study are small-scale and the instrumental record is THE “ETHICS APPLICATION” FOR LEWANDOWSKY’S FURY « CLIMATE In today's post, I will discuss the ethics application and approval process for Fury. According to Fury, on August 28, 2012, Michael Marriott (of Watching the Deniers) and John Cook (of SKS) began a program of monitoring and "real time" categorization of "conspiracist ideation" within blog articles and comments. The monitoring program continued until October SURFACE STATIONS « CLIMATE AUDIT People have quite reasonably asked about my connection with the surface stations article, given my puzzlement at Anthony's announcement last week. Anthony described my last-minute involvement here. As readers are probably aware, I haven’t taken much issue with temperature data other than pressing the field to be more transparent. The satellite data seems quite convincing REJECTED NATURE CORRESPONDENCE « CLIMATE AUDIT Rejected Nature Correspondence. Last week, Mann et al published a letter in the Nature Correspondence section saying that it was "hard to imagine how much more explicit" they could have been about the uncertainties and blaming "poor communication by others" for the "subsequent confusion", disucssed here. The Mann et al letter isabsurd and Ross
CRAIG LOEHLE RECONSTRUCTION « CLIMATE AUDIT This entry was written by Stephen McIntyre, posted on Nov 15, 2007 at 4:52 PM, filed under Loehle 2007 and tagged loehle.Bookmark the permalink.Follow any comments here with the RSS feed for this post.Both comments and trackbacks are currently closed. « Schakowsky: "a different source which our staff had confirmed with Al Gore" CLIMATE AUDITHOCKEY STICK STUDIESSTATISTICS AND RCONTACT STEVE MCPROXY DATACA BLOG SETUPFAQ 2005 Using conventional regression nomenclature, the regression coefficient b is given by the formula. (2) b= (X^T * X)^ {-1} X^T y. where the X matrix of independent variables if {Year; Temperature} and y is the Yield vector. For convenience (and thus is irrelevant to the point that I’m working towards), normalize the data. STEPHEN MCINTYRE « CLIMATE AUDIT PAGES2K: North American Tree Ring Proxies. Oct 24, 2018 – 1:57 PM. The PAGES (2017) North American network consists entirely of tree rings. Climate Audit readers will recall the unique role of North American stripbark bristlecone chronologies in Mann et al 1998 and Mann et al 2008 (and in the majority of IPCC multiproxyreconstructions).
CLIMATEGATE « CLIMATE AUDIT Mar 15, 2013 – 4:03 PM. Last summer during the London Olympics, Josh had some fun with the “Climate Olympics”, with Mann at left in the iconic gold medal pose of Usain Bolt, the famous runner. Little did we know that during an earlier Olympics, Jones was disappointed at being silver medalist in statistical abuse – to gold medalist Mann. T-STATISTICS AND THE “HOCKEY STICK INDEX” « CLIMATE AUDIT In MM05, we quantified the "hockeystick-ness" of a series as the difference between the 1902-1980 mean (the "short centering" period of Mannian principal components) and the overall mean (1400-1980), divided by the standard deviation - a measure that we termed its "Hockey Stick Index (HSI)". The histograms of its distribution for 10,000 simulated networks (shown in REGRESSION AND VARIMAX ROTATION « CLIMATE AUDIT I’ve been reading through some articles on altitudinal reconstructions by Rob Wilson and other Luckman students. The studies all follow a similar strategy as Wilson et al 2007 – principal components analysis; truncation to eigenvalues 1, varimax rotation and regression. It’s pretty obvious that these operations are all linear and if the linear algebra were boiled down, the operations WHAT NICK STOKES WOULDN’T SHOW YOU « CLIMATE AUDIT In MM05, we quantified the hockeystick-ness of simulated PC1s as the difference between the 1902-1980 mean (the "short centering" period of Mannian principal components) and the overall mean (1400-1980), divided by the standard deviation - a measure that we termed its "Hockey Stick Index (HSI)". In MM05 Figure 2, we showed histograms ofthe HSI
PAGES2K (2017)
PAGES2K (2017) – South America Revisited. The most recent large-scale compilation of proxy records over the past two millennia is PAGES (2017). They made a concerted effort to archive data (to the credit of Julien Emile-Geay), archiving 692 series, but they perpetuated most other sins within the field. Rather than abjuring expost screening
WEATHERING AND THERMOMETER SHELTERS « CLIMATE AUDIT Weathering and Thermometer Shelters. Former Virginia State Climatologist Patrick J. Michaels wrote an op-ed about his paper with Ross McKitrick from Canada’s University of Guelph in an American Spectator column today about the surface temperature record. This paragraph really caught my eye: “Weather equipment is veryhigh-maintenance.
THE “ETHICS APPLICATION” FOR LEWANDOWSKY’S FURY « CLIMATE In today's post, I will discuss the ethics application and approval process for Fury. According to Fury, on August 28, 2012, Michael Marriott (of Watching the Deniers) and John Cook (of SKS) began a program of monitoring and "real time" categorization of "conspiracist ideation" within blog articles and comments. The monitoring program continued until October CLIMATEGATE DOCUMENTS CONFIRM WEGMAN’S HYPOTHESIS Lost in the recent controversy over Said et al 2008 is that the Climategate documents provided conclusive evidence of the hypothesis originally advanced in the Wegman Report about paleoclimate peer review - that members of the Mann "clique" had been "reviewing other members of the same clique". In today's post, I'll examine the originof
CLIMATE AUDITHOCKEY STICK STUDIESSTATISTICS AND RCONTACT STEVE MCPROXY DATACA BLOG SETUPFAQ 2005 Using conventional regression nomenclature, the regression coefficient b is given by the formula. (2) b= (X^T * X)^ {-1} X^T y. where the X matrix of independent variables if {Year; Temperature} and y is the Yield vector. For convenience (and thus is irrelevant to the point that I’m working towards), normalize the data. STEPHEN MCINTYRE « CLIMATE AUDIT PAGES2K: North American Tree Ring Proxies. Oct 24, 2018 – 1:57 PM. The PAGES (2017) North American network consists entirely of tree rings. Climate Audit readers will recall the unique role of North American stripbark bristlecone chronologies in Mann et al 1998 and Mann et al 2008 (and in the majority of IPCC multiproxyreconstructions).
CLIMATEGATE « CLIMATE AUDIT Mar 15, 2013 – 4:03 PM. Last summer during the London Olympics, Josh had some fun with the “Climate Olympics”, with Mann at left in the iconic gold medal pose of Usain Bolt, the famous runner. Little did we know that during an earlier Olympics, Jones was disappointed at being silver medalist in statistical abuse – to gold medalist Mann. T-STATISTICS AND THE “HOCKEY STICK INDEX” « CLIMATE AUDIT In MM05, we quantified the "hockeystick-ness" of a series as the difference between the 1902-1980 mean (the "short centering" period of Mannian principal components) and the overall mean (1400-1980), divided by the standard deviation - a measure that we termed its "Hockey Stick Index (HSI)". The histograms of its distribution for 10,000 simulated networks (shown in REGRESSION AND VARIMAX ROTATION « CLIMATE AUDIT I’ve been reading through some articles on altitudinal reconstructions by Rob Wilson and other Luckman students. The studies all follow a similar strategy as Wilson et al 2007 – principal components analysis; truncation to eigenvalues 1, varimax rotation and regression. It’s pretty obvious that these operations are all linear and if the linear algebra were boiled down, the operations WHAT NICK STOKES WOULDN’T SHOW YOU « CLIMATE AUDIT In MM05, we quantified the hockeystick-ness of simulated PC1s as the difference between the 1902-1980 mean (the "short centering" period of Mannian principal components) and the overall mean (1400-1980), divided by the standard deviation - a measure that we termed its "Hockey Stick Index (HSI)". In MM05 Figure 2, we showed histograms ofthe HSI
PAGES2K (2017)
PAGES2K (2017) – South America Revisited. The most recent large-scale compilation of proxy records over the past two millennia is PAGES (2017). They made a concerted effort to archive data (to the credit of Julien Emile-Geay), archiving 692 series, but they perpetuated most other sins within the field. Rather than abjuring expost screening
WEATHERING AND THERMOMETER SHELTERS « CLIMATE AUDIT Weathering and Thermometer Shelters. Former Virginia State Climatologist Patrick J. Michaels wrote an op-ed about his paper with Ross McKitrick from Canada’s University of Guelph in an American Spectator column today about the surface temperature record. This paragraph really caught my eye: “Weather equipment is veryhigh-maintenance.
THE “ETHICS APPLICATION” FOR LEWANDOWSKY’S FURY « CLIMATE In today's post, I will discuss the ethics application and approval process for Fury. According to Fury, on August 28, 2012, Michael Marriott (of Watching the Deniers) and John Cook (of SKS) began a program of monitoring and "real time" categorization of "conspiracist ideation" within blog articles and comments. The monitoring program continued until October CLIMATEGATE DOCUMENTS CONFIRM WEGMAN’S HYPOTHESIS Lost in the recent controversy over Said et al 2008 is that the Climategate documents provided conclusive evidence of the hypothesis originally advanced in the Wegman Report about paleoclimate peer review - that members of the Mann "clique" had been "reviewing other members of the same clique". In today's post, I'll examine the originof
ABOUT « CLIMATE AUDIT Engine room heating is impossible with ~1second time to intake thermometers and high volumes. A thermocline depth of 5m with gradient -0.1oC per meter was found. Average correlation between SST and marine air temperature (MAT) was ~0.24. Climate models assume well-mixed ocean to 10m and substitute MAT for SST. ECONOMETRIC REFERENCES « CLIMATE AUDIT Bair, Eric, Trevor Hastie, Debashis Paul, and Robert Tibshirani, 2006. Prediction by Supervised Principal Components , JASA 101 ( 473)11-137.
CLIMATE AUDIT
The SMART agency published a video, 1:52 minutes long, with original footage at 5:48 pm, but it appears to have recorded earlier events than the Doumani video published at 4:03 pm. It began by showing five photos from the first floor. SMART also published a set of high-resolution photos from the same events. MILANKOVITCH FORCING AND TREE RING PROXIES « CLIMATE AUDIT Mar 2, 2021. This post was written in 2015 but, for some reason, I didn't publish it at the time. Seems just as valid today as when it was written. Esper et al 2012, Orbital Forcing of Tree Ring Data pdf SI, is one of the few paleoclimate articles in past decade whichreally
CLIMATEGATE « CLIMATE AUDIT Mar 15, 2013 – 4:03 PM. Last summer during the London Olympics, Josh had some fun with the “Climate Olympics”, with Mann at left in the iconic gold medal pose of Usain Bolt, the famous runner. Little did we know that during an earlier Olympics, Jones was disappointed at being silver medalist in statistical abuse – to gold medalist Mann. ARCHAEOLOGICAL FINDS IN RETREATING SWISS GLACIER « CLIMATE Archaeological Finds in Retreating Swiss Glacier. I will write up some notes on the U.S. Climate Change Science Workshop, but I’d like to post up some information on a couple of interesting reports in the past few days on archaeological discoveries in a receding glacier on a high Swiss pass towards Italy, sent in by a reader. HOCKEY STICK STUDIES « CLIMATE AUDIT MM Published Articles McIntyre and McKitrick, Energy & Environment, 2003 MM03 SI McIntyre and McKitrick, GRL 2005a SI McIntyre and McKitrick, E&E 2005b SI McIntyre and McKitrick 2005c, Reply to Von Storch and Zorita McIntyre and McKitrick 2005d, Reply to Huybers, GRL Presentations McIntyre, S., 2004, Verification of multi-proxy paleoclimatic studies: a case study, AGU CRAIG LOEHLE RECONSTRUCTION « CLIMATE AUDIT This entry was written by Stephen McIntyre, posted on Nov 15, 2007 at 4:52 PM, filed under Loehle 2007 and tagged loehle.Bookmark the permalink.Follow any comments here with the RSS feed for this post.Both comments and trackbacks are currently closed. « Schakowsky: "a different source which our staff had confirmed with Al Gore" BRING THE PROXIES UP TO DATE!! « CLIMATE AUDIT Bring the Proxies Up to Date!! I will make here a very simple suggestion: if IPCC or others want to use “multiproxy” reconstructions of world temperature for policy purposes, stop using data ending in 1980 and bring the proxies up-to-date. I would appreciate comments on this note as I think that I will pursue the matter with policymakers.CLIMATE AUDIT
This post was written on Aug 12, 2014, but not published until Mar 2, 2020 (today). One of the signature findings of IPCC AR5 WG2 has been that climate change has already had a negative impact on crop yields, especially wheat and maize. CLIMATE AUDITHOCKEY STICK STUDIESSTATISTICS AND RCONTACT STEVE MCPROXY DATACA BLOG SETUPFAQ 2005 Using conventional regression nomenclature, the regression coefficient b is given by the formula. (2) b= (X^T * X)^ {-1} X^T y. where the X matrix of independent variables if {Year; Temperature} and y is the Yield vector. For convenience (and thus is irrelevant to the point that I’m working towards), normalize the data. STEPHEN MCINTYRE « CLIMATE AUDITSTEPHEN MCINTYRE CLIMATE AUDITSTEPHEN MCINTYRE TWITTERTWITTER CLIMATE AUDITSTEVE MCINTYRE TWITTERSTEVE MCINTYRE FACEBOOKCLIMATE AUDIT TWEETS PAGES2K: North American Tree Ring Proxies. Oct 24, 2018 – 1:57 PM. The PAGES (2017) North American network consists entirely of tree rings. Climate Audit readers will recall the unique role of North American stripbark bristlecone chronologies in Mann et al 1998 and Mann et al 2008 (and in the majority of IPCC multiproxyreconstructions).
CLIMATEGATE « CLIMATE AUDIT Mar 15, 2013 – 4:03 PM. Last summer during the London Olympics, Josh had some fun with the “Climate Olympics”, with Mann at left in the iconic gold medal pose of Usain Bolt, the famous runner. Little did we know that during an earlier Olympics, Jones was disappointed at being silver medalist in statistical abuse – to gold medalist Mann. T-STATISTICS AND THE “HOCKEY STICK INDEX” « CLIMATE AUDIT In MM05, we quantified the "hockeystick-ness" of a series as the difference between the 1902-1980 mean (the "short centering" period of Mannian principal components) and the overall mean (1400-1980), divided by the standard deviation - a measure that we termed its "Hockey Stick Index (HSI)". The histograms of its distribution for 10,000 simulated networks (shown in REGRESSION AND VARIMAX ROTATION « CLIMATE AUDIT I’ve been reading through some articles on altitudinal reconstructions by Rob Wilson and other Luckman students. The studies all follow a similar strategy as Wilson et al 2007 – principal components analysis; truncation to eigenvalues 1, varimax rotation and regression. It’s pretty obvious that these operations are all linear and if the linear algebra were boiled down, the operations WHAT NICK STOKES WOULDN’T SHOW YOU « CLIMATE AUDIT In MM05, we quantified the hockeystick-ness of simulated PC1s as the difference between the 1902-1980 mean (the "short centering" period of Mannian principal components) and the overall mean (1400-1980), divided by the standard deviation - a measure that we termed its "Hockey Stick Index (HSI)". In MM05 Figure 2, we showed histograms ofthe HSI
PAGES2K (2017)
PAGES2K (2017) – South America Revisited. The most recent large-scale compilation of proxy records over the past two millennia is PAGES (2017). They made a concerted effort to archive data (to the credit of Julien Emile-Geay), archiving 692 series, but they perpetuated most other sins within the field. Rather than abjuring expost screening
WEATHERING AND THERMOMETER SHELTERS « CLIMATE AUDIT Weathering and Thermometer Shelters. Former Virginia State Climatologist Patrick J. Michaels wrote an op-ed about his paper with Ross McKitrick from Canada’s University of Guelph in an American Spectator column today about the surface temperature record. This paragraph really caught my eye: “Weather equipment is veryhigh-maintenance.
THE “ETHICS APPLICATION” FOR LEWANDOWSKY’S FURY « CLIMATE In today's post, I will discuss the ethics application and approval process for Fury. According to Fury, on August 28, 2012, Michael Marriott (of Watching the Deniers) and John Cook (of SKS) began a program of monitoring and "real time" categorization of "conspiracist ideation" within blog articles and comments. The monitoring program continued until October CLIMATEGATE DOCUMENTS CONFIRM WEGMAN’S HYPOTHESIS Lost in the recent controversy over Said et al 2008 is that the Climategate documents provided conclusive evidence of the hypothesis originally advanced in the Wegman Report about paleoclimate peer review - that members of the Mann "clique" had been "reviewing other members of the same clique". In today's post, I'll examine the originof
CLIMATE AUDITHOCKEY STICK STUDIESSTATISTICS AND RCONTACT STEVE MCPROXY DATACA BLOG SETUPFAQ 2005 Using conventional regression nomenclature, the regression coefficient b is given by the formula. (2) b= (X^T * X)^ {-1} X^T y. where the X matrix of independent variables if {Year; Temperature} and y is the Yield vector. For convenience (and thus is irrelevant to the point that I’m working towards), normalize the data. STEPHEN MCINTYRE « CLIMATE AUDITSTEPHEN MCINTYRE CLIMATE AUDITSTEPHEN MCINTYRE TWITTERTWITTER CLIMATE AUDITSTEVE MCINTYRE TWITTERSTEVE MCINTYRE FACEBOOKCLIMATE AUDIT TWEETS PAGES2K: North American Tree Ring Proxies. Oct 24, 2018 – 1:57 PM. The PAGES (2017) North American network consists entirely of tree rings. Climate Audit readers will recall the unique role of North American stripbark bristlecone chronologies in Mann et al 1998 and Mann et al 2008 (and in the majority of IPCC multiproxyreconstructions).
CLIMATEGATE « CLIMATE AUDIT Mar 15, 2013 – 4:03 PM. Last summer during the London Olympics, Josh had some fun with the “Climate Olympics”, with Mann at left in the iconic gold medal pose of Usain Bolt, the famous runner. Little did we know that during an earlier Olympics, Jones was disappointed at being silver medalist in statistical abuse – to gold medalist Mann. T-STATISTICS AND THE “HOCKEY STICK INDEX” « CLIMATE AUDIT In MM05, we quantified the "hockeystick-ness" of a series as the difference between the 1902-1980 mean (the "short centering" period of Mannian principal components) and the overall mean (1400-1980), divided by the standard deviation - a measure that we termed its "Hockey Stick Index (HSI)". The histograms of its distribution for 10,000 simulated networks (shown in REGRESSION AND VARIMAX ROTATION « CLIMATE AUDIT I’ve been reading through some articles on altitudinal reconstructions by Rob Wilson and other Luckman students. The studies all follow a similar strategy as Wilson et al 2007 – principal components analysis; truncation to eigenvalues 1, varimax rotation and regression. It’s pretty obvious that these operations are all linear and if the linear algebra were boiled down, the operations WHAT NICK STOKES WOULDN’T SHOW YOU « CLIMATE AUDIT In MM05, we quantified the hockeystick-ness of simulated PC1s as the difference between the 1902-1980 mean (the "short centering" period of Mannian principal components) and the overall mean (1400-1980), divided by the standard deviation - a measure that we termed its "Hockey Stick Index (HSI)". In MM05 Figure 2, we showed histograms ofthe HSI
PAGES2K (2017)
PAGES2K (2017) – South America Revisited. The most recent large-scale compilation of proxy records over the past two millennia is PAGES (2017). They made a concerted effort to archive data (to the credit of Julien Emile-Geay), archiving 692 series, but they perpetuated most other sins within the field. Rather than abjuring expost screening
WEATHERING AND THERMOMETER SHELTERS « CLIMATE AUDIT Weathering and Thermometer Shelters. Former Virginia State Climatologist Patrick J. Michaels wrote an op-ed about his paper with Ross McKitrick from Canada’s University of Guelph in an American Spectator column today about the surface temperature record. This paragraph really caught my eye: “Weather equipment is veryhigh-maintenance.
THE “ETHICS APPLICATION” FOR LEWANDOWSKY’S FURY « CLIMATE In today's post, I will discuss the ethics application and approval process for Fury. According to Fury, on August 28, 2012, Michael Marriott (of Watching the Deniers) and John Cook (of SKS) began a program of monitoring and "real time" categorization of "conspiracist ideation" within blog articles and comments. The monitoring program continued until October CLIMATEGATE DOCUMENTS CONFIRM WEGMAN’S HYPOTHESIS Lost in the recent controversy over Said et al 2008 is that the Climategate documents provided conclusive evidence of the hypothesis originally advanced in the Wegman Report about paleoclimate peer review - that members of the Mann "clique" had been "reviewing other members of the same clique". In today's post, I'll examine the originof
ABOUT « CLIMATE AUDIT Engine room heating is impossible with ~1second time to intake thermometers and high volumes. A thermocline depth of 5m with gradient -0.1oC per meter was found. Average correlation between SST and marine air temperature (MAT) was ~0.24. Climate models assume well-mixed ocean to 10m and substitute MAT for SST. ECONOMETRIC REFERENCES « CLIMATE AUDIT Bair, Eric, Trevor Hastie, Debashis Paul, and Robert Tibshirani, 2006. Prediction by Supervised Principal Components , JASA 101 ( 473)11-137.
CLIMATE AUDIT
The SMART agency published a video, 1:52 minutes long, with original footage at 5:48 pm, but it appears to have recorded earlier events than the Doumani video published at 4:03 pm. It began by showing five photos from the first floor. SMART also published a set of high-resolution photos from the same events. MILANKOVITCH FORCING AND TREE RING PROXIES « CLIMATE AUDIT Mar 2, 2021. This post was written in 2015 but, for some reason, I didn't publish it at the time. Seems just as valid today as when it was written. Esper et al 2012, Orbital Forcing of Tree Ring Data pdf SI, is one of the few paleoclimate articles in past decade whichreally
CLIMATEGATE « CLIMATE AUDIT Mar 15, 2013 – 4:03 PM. Last summer during the London Olympics, Josh had some fun with the “Climate Olympics”, with Mann at left in the iconic gold medal pose of Usain Bolt, the famous runner. Little did we know that during an earlier Olympics, Jones was disappointed at being silver medalist in statistical abuse – to gold medalist Mann. ARCHAEOLOGICAL FINDS IN RETREATING SWISS GLACIER « CLIMATE Archaeological Finds in Retreating Swiss Glacier. I will write up some notes on the U.S. Climate Change Science Workshop, but I’d like to post up some information on a couple of interesting reports in the past few days on archaeological discoveries in a receding glacier on a high Swiss pass towards Italy, sent in by a reader. HOCKEY STICK STUDIES « CLIMATE AUDIT MM Published Articles McIntyre and McKitrick, Energy & Environment, 2003 MM03 SI McIntyre and McKitrick, GRL 2005a SI McIntyre and McKitrick, E&E 2005b SI McIntyre and McKitrick 2005c, Reply to Von Storch and Zorita McIntyre and McKitrick 2005d, Reply to Huybers, GRL Presentations McIntyre, S., 2004, Verification of multi-proxy paleoclimatic studies: a case study, AGU CRAIG LOEHLE RECONSTRUCTION « CLIMATE AUDIT This entry was written by Stephen McIntyre, posted on Nov 15, 2007 at 4:52 PM, filed under Loehle 2007 and tagged loehle.Bookmark the permalink.Follow any comments here with the RSS feed for this post.Both comments and trackbacks are currently closed. « Schakowsky: "a different source which our staff had confirmed with Al Gore" BRING THE PROXIES UP TO DATE!! « CLIMATE AUDIT Bring the Proxies Up to Date!! I will make here a very simple suggestion: if IPCC or others want to use “multiproxy” reconstructions of world temperature for policy purposes, stop using data ending in 1980 and bring the proxies up-to-date. I would appreciate comments on this note as I think that I will pursue the matter with policymakers.CLIMATE AUDIT
This post was written on Aug 12, 2014, but not published until Mar 2, 2020 (today). One of the signature findings of IPCC AR5 WG2 has been that climate change has already had a negative impact on crop yields, especially wheat and maize. CLIMATE AUDITHOCKEY STICK STUDIESSTATISTICS AND RCONTACT STEVE MCPROXY DATACA BLOG SETUPFAQ 2005 Using conventional regression nomenclature, the regression coefficient b is given by the formula. (2) b= (X^T * X)^ {-1} X^T y. where the X matrix of independent variables if {Year; Temperature} and y is the Yield vector. For convenience (and thus is irrelevant to the point that I’m working towards), normalize the data. STEPHEN MCINTYRE « CLIMATE AUDITSTEPHEN MCINTYRE CLIMATE AUDITSTEPHEN MCINTYRE TWITTERTWITTER CLIMATE AUDITSTEVE MCINTYRE TWITTERSTEVE MCINTYRE FACEBOOKCLIMATE AUDIT TWEETS PAGES2K: North American Tree Ring Proxies. Oct 24, 2018 – 1:57 PM. The PAGES (2017) North American network consists entirely of tree rings. Climate Audit readers will recall the unique role of North American stripbark bristlecone chronologies in Mann et al 1998 and Mann et al 2008 (and in the majority of IPCC multiproxyreconstructions).
CLIMATEGATE « CLIMATE AUDIT Mar 15, 2013 – 4:03 PM. Last summer during the London Olympics, Josh had some fun with the “Climate Olympics”, with Mann at left in the iconic gold medal pose of Usain Bolt, the famous runner. Little did we know that during an earlier Olympics, Jones was disappointed at being silver medalist in statistical abuse – to gold medalist Mann. T-STATISTICS AND THE “HOCKEY STICK INDEX” « CLIMATE AUDIT In MM05, we quantified the "hockeystick-ness" of a series as the difference between the 1902-1980 mean (the "short centering" period of Mannian principal components) and the overall mean (1400-1980), divided by the standard deviation - a measure that we termed its "Hockey Stick Index (HSI)". The histograms of its distribution for 10,000 simulated networks (shown in REGRESSION AND VARIMAX ROTATION « CLIMATE AUDIT I’ve been reading through some articles on altitudinal reconstructions by Rob Wilson and other Luckman students. The studies all follow a similar strategy as Wilson et al 2007 – principal components analysis; truncation to eigenvalues 1, varimax rotation and regression. It’s pretty obvious that these operations are all linear and if the linear algebra were boiled down, the operations WHAT NICK STOKES WOULDN’T SHOW YOU « CLIMATE AUDIT In MM05, we quantified the hockeystick-ness of simulated PC1s as the difference between the 1902-1980 mean (the "short centering" period of Mannian principal components) and the overall mean (1400-1980), divided by the standard deviation - a measure that we termed its "Hockey Stick Index (HSI)". In MM05 Figure 2, we showed histograms ofthe HSI
PAGES2K (2017)
PAGES2K (2017) – South America Revisited. The most recent large-scale compilation of proxy records over the past two millennia is PAGES (2017). They made a concerted effort to archive data (to the credit of Julien Emile-Geay), archiving 692 series, but they perpetuated most other sins within the field. Rather than abjuring expost screening
WEATHERING AND THERMOMETER SHELTERS « CLIMATE AUDIT Weathering and Thermometer Shelters. Former Virginia State Climatologist Patrick J. Michaels wrote an op-ed about his paper with Ross McKitrick from Canada’s University of Guelph in an American Spectator column today about the surface temperature record. This paragraph really caught my eye: “Weather equipment is veryhigh-maintenance.
THE “ETHICS APPLICATION” FOR LEWANDOWSKY’S FURY « CLIMATE In today's post, I will discuss the ethics application and approval process for Fury. According to Fury, on August 28, 2012, Michael Marriott (of Watching the Deniers) and John Cook (of SKS) began a program of monitoring and "real time" categorization of "conspiracist ideation" within blog articles and comments. The monitoring program continued until October CLIMATEGATE DOCUMENTS CONFIRM WEGMAN’S HYPOTHESIS Lost in the recent controversy over Said et al 2008 is that the Climategate documents provided conclusive evidence of the hypothesis originally advanced in the Wegman Report about paleoclimate peer review - that members of the Mann "clique" had been "reviewing other members of the same clique". In today's post, I'll examine the originof
CLIMATE AUDITHOCKEY STICK STUDIESSTATISTICS AND RCONTACT STEVE MCPROXY DATACA BLOG SETUPFAQ 2005 Using conventional regression nomenclature, the regression coefficient b is given by the formula. (2) b= (X^T * X)^ {-1} X^T y. where the X matrix of independent variables if {Year; Temperature} and y is the Yield vector. For convenience (and thus is irrelevant to the point that I’m working towards), normalize the data. STEPHEN MCINTYRE « CLIMATE AUDITSTEPHEN MCINTYRE CLIMATE AUDITSTEPHEN MCINTYRE TWITTERTWITTER CLIMATE AUDITSTEVE MCINTYRE TWITTERSTEVE MCINTYRE FACEBOOKCLIMATE AUDIT TWEETS PAGES2K: North American Tree Ring Proxies. Oct 24, 2018 – 1:57 PM. The PAGES (2017) North American network consists entirely of tree rings. Climate Audit readers will recall the unique role of North American stripbark bristlecone chronologies in Mann et al 1998 and Mann et al 2008 (and in the majority of IPCC multiproxyreconstructions).
CLIMATEGATE « CLIMATE AUDIT Mar 15, 2013 – 4:03 PM. Last summer during the London Olympics, Josh had some fun with the “Climate Olympics”, with Mann at left in the iconic gold medal pose of Usain Bolt, the famous runner. Little did we know that during an earlier Olympics, Jones was disappointed at being silver medalist in statistical abuse – to gold medalist Mann. T-STATISTICS AND THE “HOCKEY STICK INDEX” « CLIMATE AUDIT In MM05, we quantified the "hockeystick-ness" of a series as the difference between the 1902-1980 mean (the "short centering" period of Mannian principal components) and the overall mean (1400-1980), divided by the standard deviation - a measure that we termed its "Hockey Stick Index (HSI)". The histograms of its distribution for 10,000 simulated networks (shown in REGRESSION AND VARIMAX ROTATION « CLIMATE AUDIT I’ve been reading through some articles on altitudinal reconstructions by Rob Wilson and other Luckman students. The studies all follow a similar strategy as Wilson et al 2007 – principal components analysis; truncation to eigenvalues 1, varimax rotation and regression. It’s pretty obvious that these operations are all linear and if the linear algebra were boiled down, the operations WHAT NICK STOKES WOULDN’T SHOW YOU « CLIMATE AUDIT In MM05, we quantified the hockeystick-ness of simulated PC1s as the difference between the 1902-1980 mean (the "short centering" period of Mannian principal components) and the overall mean (1400-1980), divided by the standard deviation - a measure that we termed its "Hockey Stick Index (HSI)". In MM05 Figure 2, we showed histograms ofthe HSI
PAGES2K (2017)
PAGES2K (2017) – South America Revisited. The most recent large-scale compilation of proxy records over the past two millennia is PAGES (2017). They made a concerted effort to archive data (to the credit of Julien Emile-Geay), archiving 692 series, but they perpetuated most other sins within the field. Rather than abjuring expost screening
WEATHERING AND THERMOMETER SHELTERS « CLIMATE AUDIT Weathering and Thermometer Shelters. Former Virginia State Climatologist Patrick J. Michaels wrote an op-ed about his paper with Ross McKitrick from Canada’s University of Guelph in an American Spectator column today about the surface temperature record. This paragraph really caught my eye: “Weather equipment is veryhigh-maintenance.
THE “ETHICS APPLICATION” FOR LEWANDOWSKY’S FURY « CLIMATE In today's post, I will discuss the ethics application and approval process for Fury. According to Fury, on August 28, 2012, Michael Marriott (of Watching the Deniers) and John Cook (of SKS) began a program of monitoring and "real time" categorization of "conspiracist ideation" within blog articles and comments. The monitoring program continued until October CLIMATEGATE DOCUMENTS CONFIRM WEGMAN’S HYPOTHESIS Lost in the recent controversy over Said et al 2008 is that the Climategate documents provided conclusive evidence of the hypothesis originally advanced in the Wegman Report about paleoclimate peer review - that members of the Mann "clique" had been "reviewing other members of the same clique". In today's post, I'll examine the originof
ABOUT « CLIMATE AUDIT Engine room heating is impossible with ~1second time to intake thermometers and high volumes. A thermocline depth of 5m with gradient -0.1oC per meter was found. Average correlation between SST and marine air temperature (MAT) was ~0.24. Climate models assume well-mixed ocean to 10m and substitute MAT for SST. ECONOMETRIC REFERENCES « CLIMATE AUDIT Bair, Eric, Trevor Hastie, Debashis Paul, and Robert Tibshirani, 2006. Prediction by Supervised Principal Components , JASA 101 ( 473)11-137.
CLIMATE AUDIT
The SMART agency published a video, 1:52 minutes long, with original footage at 5:48 pm, but it appears to have recorded earlier events than the Doumani video published at 4:03 pm. It began by showing five photos from the first floor. SMART also published a set of high-resolution photos from the same events. MILANKOVITCH FORCING AND TREE RING PROXIES « CLIMATE AUDIT Mar 2, 2021. This post was written in 2015 but, for some reason, I didn't publish it at the time. Seems just as valid today as when it was written. Esper et al 2012, Orbital Forcing of Tree Ring Data pdf SI, is one of the few paleoclimate articles in past decade whichreally
CLIMATEGATE « CLIMATE AUDIT Mar 15, 2013 – 4:03 PM. Last summer during the London Olympics, Josh had some fun with the “Climate Olympics”, with Mann at left in the iconic gold medal pose of Usain Bolt, the famous runner. Little did we know that during an earlier Olympics, Jones was disappointed at being silver medalist in statistical abuse – to gold medalist Mann. ARCHAEOLOGICAL FINDS IN RETREATING SWISS GLACIER « CLIMATE Archaeological Finds in Retreating Swiss Glacier. I will write up some notes on the U.S. Climate Change Science Workshop, but I’d like to post up some information on a couple of interesting reports in the past few days on archaeological discoveries in a receding glacier on a high Swiss pass towards Italy, sent in by a reader. HOCKEY STICK STUDIES « CLIMATE AUDIT MM Published Articles McIntyre and McKitrick, Energy & Environment, 2003 MM03 SI McIntyre and McKitrick, GRL 2005a SI McIntyre and McKitrick, E&E 2005b SI McIntyre and McKitrick 2005c, Reply to Von Storch and Zorita McIntyre and McKitrick 2005d, Reply to Huybers, GRL Presentations McIntyre, S., 2004, Verification of multi-proxy paleoclimatic studies: a case study, AGU CRAIG LOEHLE RECONSTRUCTION « CLIMATE AUDIT This entry was written by Stephen McIntyre, posted on Nov 15, 2007 at 4:52 PM, filed under Loehle 2007 and tagged loehle.Bookmark the permalink.Follow any comments here with the RSS feed for this post.Both comments and trackbacks are currently closed. « Schakowsky: "a different source which our staff had confirmed with Al Gore" BRING THE PROXIES UP TO DATE!! « CLIMATE AUDIT Bring the Proxies Up to Date!! I will make here a very simple suggestion: if IPCC or others want to use “multiproxy” reconstructions of world temperature for policy purposes, stop using data ending in 1980 and bring the proxies up-to-date. I would appreciate comments on this note as I think that I will pursue the matter with policymakers.CLIMATE AUDIT
This post was written on Aug 12, 2014, but not published until Mar 2, 2020 (today). One of the signature findings of IPCC AR5 WG2 has been that climate change has already had a negative impact on crop yields, especially wheat and maize.CLIMATE AUDIT
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MILANKOVITCH FORCING AND TREE RING PROXIES Mar 2, 2021 – 5:05 PM Mar 2, 2021. This post was written in 2015 but, for some reason, I didn’t publish it at the time. Seems just as valid today as whenit was written.
Esper et al 2012, Orbital Forcing of Tree Ring Data pdfSI
,
is one of the few paleoclimate articles in past decade which really made me stop and think. It connected two obvious points: * high-latitude tree ring proxies are sensitive to summer (JJA, even JJ) temperature, not annual temperature. * high-latitude NH summer insolation, which has long had special interest as the “prime forcing” of Milankovitch theory of ice ages, had declined by ~6 w m-2 over the past 2000 years, the period covered by many popular IPCC temperature reconstructions. An amount that is approximately four times larger than anthropogenic forcing from CO2 since 1750 AD (~1.5 w m-2). From these two points, they made plausible and compelling observation that the very large changes in high-latitude Holocene summer insolation should be visible in long high-latitude tree ring chronologies, especially those chronologies reaching back to the Romanperiod and earlier.
But it isn’t, as they demonstrated in an important graphic, which, unfortunately, was buried in the SI where it passed unnoticed. (One of the authors drew my attention to it several years ago or I too would have missed it.) Long tree ring chronologies have negligible millennial-scale variance – one more reason to distrust the temperature reconstructions of PAGES2K and IPCC.ESPER FIGURE S1
Here is the interesting figure S1 from Esper et al 2012. It compared three long tree ring width chronologies (grey-black) to Norwegian glacier equilibrium line (blue) and Yamal treeline (km north of present treeline.) While the glacier equilibrium line (and Yamal tree line) have both migrated lower (southerly) with However, as shown in Figure S1 of Esper et al 2012 (shown below), these long chronologies have more of less zero millennium-scale variability over the past 7000 years i.e. in addition to other defects in tree ring chronologies as temperature proxies, they only show high-frequency variability. In contrast, Holocene-scale changes were visible in equilibrium lines of Norwegian glaciers and the treeline inYamal.
_Figure 2. Esper et al 2012 Figure S1. Original Caption: Showing multi-millennial TRW records from Sweden, Finland, and Russia (all ingrey)
together with reconstructions of the glacier equilibrium line in Norway(blue), northern treeline in Russia (green), and JJA temperatures in the 60-70°N European/Siberian sector from orbitally forced ECHO-G7,8 (red) and ECHAM5/MPIOM9 (orange) CGCM runs10. All records, except for the treeline data (in km) were normalized relative to the AD 1500-2000 period. Resolution of model and TRW data were reduced (to ~ 30 years) to match the glacier data. Comment: __Tree ring width chronologies (grey) are Grudd et al, 2002 (Tornetrask, northern Sweden); Helama et al 2010 (Finland); and Hantemirov and Shiyatov 2002 (Yamal); Norwegian glacier equilibrium lines (blue) are Aspvatnet (Bakke et al 2005a) and Lyngen (Bakke et al 2005b); treeline northing (in km) is from Yamal (Hantemirov andShiyatov, 2002). _
In their important diagram in the Supplementary Information, Esper et al showed proxies back to 7000 BP, but neglected to show or discuss insolation changes earlier in the Holocene. These are even more dramatic as shown in figure below. Summer insolation at 50N has decreased by more than 35 w m-2 (!!!) since the early Holocene (10000 BP) and is presently at levels characteristic of the Last Glacial Maximum (19000 BP). The disintegration of the Laurentide ice sheet, previously covering Canada, took place primarily in the period of maximum summer insolation (12000-8000 BP). I’ve shown the scale of modern anthropogenic forcing in red for reference. In older paleoclimate texts, paleoclimatologists reported signs of “neo-glaciation” during the past 4000 years, consistent with Milankowitch factors. In the 19th century, ice-rafted debris (IRD) was observed at Hvitarvatn lake for the first time since the LGM due to expanded local glaciers. (This proxy has been repeatedly discussed at Climate Audit.) Varve thicknesses at Hvitarvatn also increased dramatically in the Little Ice Age, reaching their maximum in the 19th and early 20th century. BSi productivity at Hvitarvatn was at its maximum from 9000-5000 BP, slightly after the insolation maximum – presumably delayed until LGM glacier had sufficiently receded. Climate Audit readers will recall that PAGES2K (2013) used Hvitarvatn data upside-down – interpreting wide varves at the height of the Little Ice Age – as evidence of warmth, rather than the opposite, as I noticed almost immediately – see ^. Aside from the use of data upside down being an embarrassing, almost Mannian, gaffe, one has to wonder at the apparent lack of understanding of underlying data on the part of the multiproxy collaters. I have an identical beef in respect to Baffin Island data. Glaciers in Baffin Island – a past center of Laurentide glaciation – similarly expanded in the Little Ice Age through the 19th century. 19th and early 20th century varve thicknesses from Baffin Island, where the time series data pattern is astonishingly similar to Iceland, are nonetheless interpreted by PAGES2K (and IPCC) as evidence of warmth. Because tree ring width chronologies were unresponsive to large but slow changes in insolation, Esper et al observed that temperature reconstructions relying on long tree ring chronologies (most of the popular IPCC two millennium chronologies) would be similarly unresponsive. Esper stated this conclusion as follows: > an evaluation of long-term temperature reconstructions, even over > the past 7,000 years from across northern Eurasia, demonstrates that > TRW-based records fail to show orbital signatures found in > low-resolution proxy archives and climate model simulations > (Supplementary Fig. S1). These discrepancies not only reveal that > dendrochronological records are limited in preserving millennial > scale variance, but also suggest that hemispheric reconstructions, > integrating these data, might underestimate natural climate> variability.
This conclusion impacts PAGES2K, Mann et al 2008 and all other temperature reconstructions relied upon by IPCC. NORWEGIAN GLACIER EQUILIBRIUM LINES Details on the two Norwegian glacier equilibrium line series are shown below (slightly different horizontal scale). At both locations, glaciers are believed to be absent in the early Holocene (during highest summer insolation) and to have formed around 5000-4000 BP (neo-glaciation). During the late Holocene, the glaciers expanded until ~2000 BP with maximum Holocene extent in the Little Ice Age – a pattern that is characteristic in many locations. During the 20th century, there has been a noticeable retreat of the glaciers – back to levels characteristic of the early first millennium.YAMAL TREELINE
The treeline series illustrated in Esper et al 2012 was derived from Hantemirov and Shiyatov Figure 2 (but excluding its Early Holocene portion). It showed mid-Holocene treelines extended approximately 30 km north of present treelines. However, this 30 km figure represented the northern limit of the survey, NOT the actual Holocene treeline. By the time of Hantemirov’s thesisin
2009, the survey – and the mid-Holocene treeline – had been extended nearly 120 km north of the current treeline (see middle panel). It appears that the Holocene treeline may have been even further north: in 1941, Tikhonov reportedly observed sub-fossil Holocene trees at 70N, approximately 275 km north of the present treeline. So, while Esper et al were right to note that Holocene treeline was further north, their diagram dramatically under-estimated the actual distance further north of the Holocene treeline, not just absolutely, but in respect to what was known in Russian literature at the date of their article. Note that, in the 20th century, the Yamal treeline finally reversed its long march south, though still located far south of its Holocene location. This reversal corresponds to the 20th century reversal of the equilibrium line of Norwegian small glaciers – neither effect being apparent in the Esper et al figure.VINTHER ET AL 2009
The long decline in Holocene Vinther et al 2009 (Nature) is a seminal article on the interpretation of Greenland d18O which makes the popular Alley (2000) temperature reconstruction from GISP2 totally obsolete. Vinther observed that the elevation of the Greenland ice sheet had decreased substantially over the Holocene and that this had a material impact on d18O values at the summit (where GISP2 and GRIP are located): by flattening out the curve through the Holocene. Vinther observed that elevation changes through the Holocene were negligible at Renland (Greenland) and Agassiz (Ellesmere Island) and proposed (convincingly in my opinion) that the d18O records at these locations provided a more accurate record of climate change through the Holocene, and could even be used to estimate elevation changes at the summit of the ice sheet (where GISP2 was located.) Rather than being stable through the Holocene, Renland d18O showed a steady decline through the Holocene.CONCLUSION
Over the past two millennia, the Norwegian glacier equilibrium line series in Esper et al Figure S1 (blue in excerpt at right) do have a sort of hockey stick shape that is not derived from ex post screening, stripbark bristlecone ring widths or other Mannian tricks. However, in a longer Holocene context, the reversal is both modest in scale and in a direction that mitigated intensifying neo-glaciation from Milankovitch factors. One possible interpretation of this data is that anthropogenic CO2 has mitigated and even slightly reverse the Milankovitch forcing into potentially much expanded NH glaciation (compare to Ganopolski’s “near miss” article).By Stephen McIntyre
| Posted in Uncategorized| Tagged pages2017
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A “GOOD” PROXY ON THE ANTARCTIC PENINSULA? Jul 8, 2020 – 4:35 PM Nearly all of the text of this article on an interesting ice core proxy series (James Ross Island) from the Antarctic Peninsula was written in June 2014, but not finished at the time for reasons that I don’t recall. This proxy was one of 16 proxy series in the Kaufman12K pdf . 60-90S
reconstruction.
I originally drafted the article because it seemed to me that the then new James Ross Island isotope series exemplified many features of a “good” proxy according to ex ante criteria that I had loosely formulated from time to time in critiquing “bad” proxies, but never really codified (in large part, because it’s not easy to codify criteria except through handling data.) Although this series is in the Kaufman 60-90S reconstruction, its appearance is quite different than the final 60-90S reconstruction: indeed, it has a very negative correlation (-0.61) to Kaufman’s final CPS reconstruction. I’ll discuss that in a different article. Following is mostly 2014 notes, with some minot updating for context. Continue reading →By Stephen McIntyre
| Posted in Uncategorized| Tagged antarctic
, holocene
, ice
, james ross
, temp12k
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IPCC AR5 WG2 ON YIELD SENSITIVITY: STATISTICAL MALPRACTICE Mar 2, 2020 – 2:12 PM _This post was written on Aug 12, 2014, but not published until Mar 2,2020 (today)._
One of the signature findings of IPCC AR5 WG2 has been that climate change has already had a negative impact on crop yields, especially wheat and maize. These findings are prominent in the WG2 Summary for Policy Makers and were featured in WG2 press coverage. The topic of crop yields are a specialty of WG2 Co-Chair Christopher Field. Field’s frequent co-author, David Lobell, was a Lead Author of the chapter on Food (chapter 7), which in turn cited and relied on a series of Lobell articles, in particular, Lobell et al (Science 2011, Climate Trends and Global Crop Production Since 1980, pdf),
which was a statistical analysis of crop yields from 1980 to 2008 (or to 2002 in some analyses) for four major crops (wheat, maize, rice, soy) for 185 countries. In the period 1980-2008, both crop yields and temperatures have positive trends (notwithstanding the pause/hiatus in the 21st century). Because both series have positive trends, there is therefore a positive correlation between crop yields and temperatures for the vast majority of crop-country combinations. Given that both series are going up, it is an entirely valid question to wonder who Lobell and coauthors arrived at their signature negative impact merely by applying elementary statistical methods to annual data of yields, temperature and precipitation. I’ll look at this question in today’s post.Data
In 2011, I obtained the data for Lobell et al 2011 from lead author Lobell (who undertook at the time to place both data and code online, neither of which appears to be done.) I had asked Lobell to archive code, because it wasn’t entirely clear what he had done. Lobell collated temperature and precipitation data from both UDel and CRU. (For the latter, Lobell used the CRU TS data made famous by the Harry Readme.) In the figure below, I’ve plotted Lobell’s yield and temperature data for the China-wheat combination (both standardised to SD units), as an example of both series going up. Lobell regressed Yield (actually log Yield) against time, temperature and precipitation variables, describing the procedure as follows: > Translating these climate trends into potential yield impacts > required models of yield response. We used regression analysis of > historical data to relate past yield outcomes to weather > realizations. All of the resulting models include T and P, their > squares, country-specific intercepts to account for spatial > variations in crop management and soil quality, and country-specific > time trends to account for yield growth due to technology gains (6). The precipitation and quadratic terms don’t appear to affect the regression very much, i.e. the main effects are delivered by the model in which Yield is regressed against time and temperature as follows: (1) Yield ~ Year + Temperature Using conventional regression nomenclature, the regression coefficient b is given by the formula (2) b= (X^T * X)^{-1} X^T y where the X matrix of independent variables if {Year; Temperature} and y is the Yield vector. For convenience (and thus is irrelevant to the point that I’m working towards), normalize the data. X^T y is simply the vector of correlations of Yield to Time (the normalized trend) and Temperature. (X^T * X) is nothing more than the correlation matrix between Year and Temperature i.e. the off-diagonal element r is the temperature trend (normalized units) as follows:| 1 r |
| r 1 |
The calculation of the OLS regression coefficients uses the inverse ofthis matrix,
| 1 -r | * 1/(1-r^2)| -r 1 |
The negative term in the off-diagonal means that the OLS coefficient for the regression of Yield onto Time and Temperature is calculated as a function of the correlation between yield and temperature, the trend in yield, the trend in temperature as follows: b_temperature = 1/(1-r^2) (-r*trend_yield + cor_yield_temp) In other words, if the correlation between Yield and temperature is less than the product of the trend in yields and trend in temperature (both normalized), then the regression coefficient is negative. This has nothing to do with yields or temperatures, but is a trivial property of the matrix algebra. As an example, for the Chinese wheat series shown above, although there is a positive correlation between yield and temperature (0.5096), the OLS regression coefficient of a regression of Yield against Year and Temperature results in a negative coefficient. Applying the above formula, the normalized trends (correlations between year and item) for yield and temperature are 0.984 and 0.548, yielding 0.5096- 0.984*0.584 <0.By Stephen McIntyre
| Posted in Uncategorized| Tagged lobell
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GREGORY ET AL 2019: DOES CLIMATE FEEDBACK REALLY VARY IN AOGCM HISTORICAL SIMULATIONS? Oct 31, 2019 – 1:21 PM _A guest post by Nic Lewis_INTRODUCTION
The recent open-access paper Gregory et al 2019 “How accurately can the climate sensitivity to CO2 be estimated from historical climate change?” discusses, _inter alia_, the use of regression to estimate historical climate feedback. As I wrote in aprevious article
,
Gregory et al. consider a regression in the form _R_ = α _T_, where _T_ is the change in global-mean surface temperature with respect to an unperturbed (i.e. preindustrial) equilibrium and _R_ is the radiative response of the climate system to the change in _T,_ however caused; _α_ is thus the applicable climate feedback parameter for that cause. The corresponding effective climate sensitivity (EffCS) is then _F_2xCO2/_α_ where _F_2xCO2 is the effective radiative forcing (ERF) for a doubling of preindustrial atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. Continue reading → By niclewis | Posted inUncategorized |
Comments (12)
GREGORY ET AL 2019: UNSOUND CLAIMS ABOUT BIAS IN CLIMATE FEEDBACK AND CLIMATE SENSITIVITY ESTIMATION Oct 17, 2019 – 12:27 PM _A guest post by Nic Lewis_ The recently published open-access paper “How accurately can the climate sensitivity to CO2 be estimated from historical climate change?” by Gregory et al. makes a number of assertions, many uncontentious but others in my view unjustified, misleading or definitely incorrect. Perhaps most importantly, they say in the Abstract that “The real-world variations mean that historical EffCS underestimates CO2 EffCS by 30% when considering the entire historical period.” But they do not indicate that this finding relates only to effective climate sensitivity in GCMs, and then only to when they are driven by one particular observational sea surface temperature dataset. However, in this article I will focus on one particular statistical issue, where the claim made in the paper can readily be proven wrong without needing to delve into the details of GCM simulations. Continuereading →
By niclewis | Posted inUncategorized |
Comments (53)
CG2 AND EX POST PICKING Jul 31, 2019 – 6:20 PM JUL 31, 2019: NOTICED THIS AS AN UNPUBLISHED DRAFT FROM 2014. NOT SURE WHY I DIDN’T PUBLISH AT THE TIME. NEUKOM, LEAD AUTHOR OF PAGES (2019) WAS COAUTHOR OF GERGIS’ PAPERS. One of the longest-standing Climate Audit controversies has been about the bias introduced into reconstructions that use ex post screening/correlation. In today’s post, I’ll report on a little noticed* Climategate-2 email in which a member of the paleoclimatology guild (though then junior) reported to other members of the guild that he had carried out simulations to test “the phenomenon that Macintyre has been going on about”, finding that the results from his simulations from white noise “clearly show a ‘hockey-stick’ trend”, a result that he described as “certainly worrying”. (*: WUWT article hereh/t
Brandon).
A more senior member of the guild dismissed the results out of hand: “Controversy about which bull caused mess not relevent.” Members of the guild have continued to merrily ex post screen to this day without cavil or caveat. Continue reading →By Stephen McIntyre
| Posted in Uncategorized| Tagged ex post
, screening
, wilson
| Comments (108)
HACK, NOW EX-BELLINGCAT, GETS CLIMATEGATE TIMEZONES BACKWARDS Jul 4, 2019 – 10:33 AM Bellingcat’s Iggy Ostanin, recently claimed to have discovered that the nomenclature of Climategate-1 emails was based on Unix timestamps and that the nomenclature proved that Russians hacked CRU from timezone +05:00. Amidst much uninformed hyperventilating. Ostanin’s assertions were swiftly retweeted by Andy Revkin, Roger Harrabin, Ken Rice and many others. However, his claims are backwards – or perhaps, in true Mannian style, upsidedown.
The connection of CG email nomenclature to Unix timestamps was observed as early as Dec 7, 2009 (see WUWT commenter crosspatch here)m
who similarly noticed discrepancies between nomenclature and email times, but concluded that they showed that hacker used a computer set to Eastern North American time (-05:00 Standard). I pointed the error out on Twitter with technical analysis. I also linked Ostanin to the original WUWT comment making similar point. Ostanin responded by claiming that my (correct) replication of CG1 nomenclature was “needlessly complicated” and doubled down with his incorrect assertion that “time seen in hacked email headers is 5 hours behind – to the second – of the time in the decoded emailfile names”:
Ostanin challenged everyone “to try to see for themselves” – pointing to a internet utility: After I re-iterated my technical criticism, Iggy stated that he wasn’t “sure if either of ever came across a Kremlin narrative they didn’t endorse”. Then, in true Mannian (and Eliot Higgins) style, Ostanin blocked me on Twitter. While it’s a bit absurd to waste time on this trivia, Iggy’s falsehoods remain in circulation. He hasn’t conceded anything. Nor have Revkin, Harrabin, Rice or other re-tweeters conceded that Iggy’s analysis was nonsensical. In my tweets, I observed that Iggy’s analysis was based on an email sent from GMT timezone and that the 5-hour difference between nomenclature and email time only held for emails from that time zone. What any competent analyst (and we may safely exclude Iggy from that category) would have done is to compare email timestamp to nomenclature across multiple timezones and Daylight/Standard times. I’ve done so in the table below. Nomenclature for GMT timezone emails in winter are 5 hours ahead, but only 4 hours ahead in summer. This should have caused Iggy to pause. Nomenclature for emails sent from Eastern timezone exactly matched the email time – both in Standard (winter) and Daylight (summer) time. Nomenclature for emails sent from Mountain time (two hours behind Eastern) were – 2 hours in both winter and summer. Ironically, the very first email in the Climategate dossier was sent from Iggy’s Ekaterinaburg (+05:00). But instead of the nomenclature exactly matching the email time, the nomenclature was 10hours ahead.
In other words, Ostanin got everything pretty much backwards and upside down. It’s about as bad a bit of analysis as it is possible to imagine. And, instead of simply conceding that he’d made a mistake (which is easy enough to do), Ostanin got belligerent and shut his ears. Unfortunately, Ostanin’s falsehoods are now in circulation and, like Mann’s, will probably fester forever.By Stephen McIntyre
| Posted in Uncategorized| Comments (38)
PAGES2K (2017): ANTARCTIC PROXIES Feb 1, 2019 – 3:56 PM A common opinion (e,g, Scott Adams) is that the “other proxies”, not just Mann’s stripbark bristlecone tree rings, establish Hockey Stick. In today’s post, I’ll look at PAGES2K Antarctic data – a very important example since Antarctic isotope data (Vostok) is used in the classic diagram used by Al Gore (and many others) to illustrate the link between CO2 and the isotopes used to estimate pasttemperature.
Antarctic d18O is one of the few proxies which can be accurately date in both very recent measurements and in Holocene and deep time. However, rather against message, Antarctic d18O over the past two millennia (as for example the PAGES2K 2013 compilation) has mostly gone the “wrong” way, somewhat diluting the IPCC message – toborrow a phrase.
PAGES2017 relaxed the PAGES2K ex ante quality control criteria to include 15 additional series (most of which are not _new_), but these, if anything, reinforce the earlier message of gradual decline over thepast two millennia.
PAGES2K (2017) also added two borehole inversion series, which were given a sort of special exemption from PAGES2K quality control standards on resolution and dating. I suspect that readers already know why these series were given special exemption: one of them has a very pronounced blade. Long-time readers may vaguely recall that an (unpublished) Antarctic borehole inversion series also played an important role in conclusions of the NAS 2006 report. I tried at the time to get underlying measurement data, but was unsuccessful. A few years ago, when the PAGES2017 borehole inversion series was published, I managed (through an intermediary) to obtain much of the underlying data and even some source code for the borehole inversion. I’ve revisited the topic and I conclude today’s post with a couple of teasers and what is an interesting analysis in works. Continuereading →
By Stephen McIntyre
| Posted in Uncategorized| Tagged antarctic
, pages2017
, pages2k
| Comments (36)
PAGES2K: NORTH AMERICAN TREE RING PROXIES Oct 24, 2018 – 1:57 PM The PAGES (2017) North American network consists entirely of tree rings. Climate Audit readers will recall the unique role of North American stripbark bristlecone chronologies in Mann et al 1998 and Mann et al 2008 (and in the majority of IPCC multiproxy reconstructions). In today’s post, I’ll parse the PAGES2K North American tree ring networks in both PAGES (2013) and PAGES (2017) fromtwo aspects:
* even though PAGES (2013) was held out as the product of superb quality control, more than 80% of the North American tree ring proxies of PAGES (2013) were rejected in 2017, replaced by an almost exactly equal number of tree ring series, the majority of which date back to the early 1990s and which would have been available not just to PAGES (2013), but Mann et al 2008 and even Mann et al 1998; * the one constant in these large networks are the stripbark bristlecone/foxtail chronologies criticized at Climate Audit since its inception. ALL 20(!) stripbark chronologies isolated by Mann’s CENSORED directory re-appear not only in Mann et al (2008), but in PAGES (2013). In effect, the paleoclimate community, in apparent solidarity with Mann, ostentatiously flouted the 2006 NAS Panel recommendation to “avoid” stripbark chronologies in temperature reconstructions. In both PAGES (2013) and PAGES (2017), despite ferocious data mining, just as in Mann et al 1998, there is no Hockey Stick shape without the series in Mann’s CENSORED directory. PAGES2K references: PAGES (2013) 2013 articleand
PAGES (2017) url ;
(Supplementary Information).
Continue reading →By Stephen McIntyre
| Posted in Uncategorized| Tagged noamer
, pages2017
, pages2k
| Comments (110)
PAGES2K (2017) – SOUTH AMERICA REVISITED Oct 7, 2018 – 4:54 PM The most recent large-scale compilation of proxy records over the past two millennia is PAGES (2017). They made a concerted effort to archive data (to the credit of Julien Emile-Geay), archiving 692 series, but they perpetuated most other sins within the field. Rather than abjuring ex post screening, it carried ex post screening to extremes never previously contemplated: tree ring chronologies with negative correlations to temperature are now banished from view altogether. However, its self-professed quality control did not exclude stripbark bristlecone chronologies, which continue to populatethe network.
In keeping with my preference to look at regions and proxy types before worrying too much about aggregates, I looked at their South American network, which is an update of the South American network of PAGES2K (2013), which I discussed a few days after publication here. There
were major changes between 2013 and 2017 networks, which were not elucidated in the later study, but which will be discussed in today’s article. The changes illustrate the profound problems with the tree ring chronologies and lake sediment series which make up the vast majority of data in PAGES 2017 and similar studies. Continuereading →
By Stephen McIntyre
| Posted in Uncategorized| Tagged chepical
, escondida
, pages2017
, pages2k
, SOAMER
| Comments (47)
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