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costs of transport
BIOBASED PLASTICS IN A CIRCULAR ECONOMY Biobased plastics can contribute to lowering greenhouse gas emissions and the demand for fossil resources, when substituted for the fossil counterparts. They do, however, require the use of natural resources (e.g. land, water). Therefore, CE Delft recommends sustainability criteria as a prerequisite for all policy regarding biobased plastics. LCA OF CULTIVATED MEAT 6 190107 - LCA of cultivated meat – February 2021 Figure 3 – Carbon footprint of CM and conventional protein products (ambitious benchmark + global average based on Poore and Nemecek 2018) * Intensive, West-European, circular agriculture with LUC-free soy. THE TRUE PRICE OF MEAT These figures were calculated by CE Delft in its report “The true price of meat”. In the Netherlands the biggest impact of meat production is the negative impact of ammonia on air quality. In this country the total annual damage associated with meat consumption amounts to 4.5 billion Euro.DIEDERIK JASPERS
Diederik Jaspers. Diederik Jaspers graduated as a chemical engineer from Delft Technological University, where he specialised in Inorganic Chemistry with a focus on energy and the environment. He is also schooled in business economics, having attained an MBA at Erasmus University, Rotterdam. Diederik has over 20 years' experience inenergy
STUDY ON THE ANALYSIS OF MARKET POTENTIALS AND MARKET CE Delft is een onafhankelijk onderzoeks- en adviesbureau, al 40 jaar gespecialiseerd in het ontwikkelen van innovatieve oplossingen van milieu- en duurzaamheidsvraagstukken. END-OF-LIFE BEST APPROACH FOR ALLOCATING RECYCLING IN LCAS End-of-life best approach for allocating recycling in LCAs of metal packaging. In life cycle assessments (LCA) involving materials recycling a method must be chosen for allocating processes and avoided emissions that is in line with the LCA’s goal and scope definition. This choice has a major influence on the results of the LCA for the LCA OF THERMAL CONVERSION OF POULTRY LITTER AT BMC LCA study. The LCA study shows that all the routes with power generation have environmental benefits. The processing routes with the least environmental impact are: 1. Thermal conversion at the BMC Moerdijk plant. 2. Co-firing in a wood-fired biomass power plant. 3. Thermal conversion on a poultry farm. HOME - CE DELFT - ENABOUT CE DELFTTOPICSEXPERTISEPUBLICATIONSPRODUCTSCLIENTS Solid knowledge of sustainability. Through its independent research and consultancy CE Delft is helping build a sustainable world, leading the field when it comes to energy, transport and resource issues. With our economic, technological and policy expertise we help government agencies, NGOs and industries achieve structural change. TEA OF CULTIVATED MEAT $1,707 3 190254 - TEA of cultivated meat – February 2021 Summary In this report1, we make a Techno-Economic Analysis for the production of cultivated meat (CM) at industrial scale, in the 2030’s. We first develop a model for the Cost of Goods Sold HANDBOOK ON THE EXTERNAL COSTS OF TRANSPORT The 2019 version of the Handbook is an update of the 2008 and 2014 versions. Any new evidence that has become available on the methods and input values for estimating external costs of transport in research and policy since 2014 has been taken into account. The Handbook provides methodologies and figures for all main externalcosts of transport
BIOBASED PLASTICS IN A CIRCULAR ECONOMY Biobased plastics can contribute to lowering greenhouse gas emissions and the demand for fossil resources, when substituted for the fossil counterparts. They do, however, require the use of natural resources (e.g. land, water). Therefore, CE Delft recommends sustainability criteria as a prerequisite for all policy regarding biobased plastics. LCA OF CULTIVATED MEAT 6 190107 - LCA of cultivated meat – February 2021 Figure 3 – Carbon footprint of CM and conventional protein products (ambitious benchmark + global average based on Poore and Nemecek 2018) * Intensive, West-European, circular agriculture with LUC-free soy. THE TRUE PRICE OF MEAT These figures were calculated by CE Delft in its report “The true price of meat”. In the Netherlands the biggest impact of meat production is the negative impact of ammonia on air quality. In this country the total annual damage associated with meat consumption amounts to 4.5 billion Euro.DIEDERIK JASPERS
Diederik Jaspers. Diederik Jaspers graduated as a chemical engineer from Delft Technological University, where he specialised in Inorganic Chemistry with a focus on energy and the environment. He is also schooled in business economics, having attained an MBA at Erasmus University, Rotterdam. Diederik has over 20 years' experience inenergy
STUDY ON THE ANALYSIS OF MARKET POTENTIALS AND MARKET CE Delft is een onafhankelijk onderzoeks- en adviesbureau, al 40 jaar gespecialiseerd in het ontwikkelen van innovatieve oplossingen van milieu- en duurzaamheidsvraagstukken. END-OF-LIFE BEST APPROACH FOR ALLOCATING RECYCLING IN LCAS End-of-life best approach for allocating recycling in LCAs of metal packaging. In life cycle assessments (LCA) involving materials recycling a method must be chosen for allocating processes and avoided emissions that is in line with the LCA’s goal and scope definition. This choice has a major influence on the results of the LCA for the LCA OF THERMAL CONVERSION OF POULTRY LITTER AT BMC LCA study. The LCA study shows that all the routes with power generation have environmental benefits. The processing routes with the least environmental impact are: 1. Thermal conversion at the BMC Moerdijk plant. 2. Co-firing in a wood-fired biomass power plant. 3. Thermal conversion on a poultry farm.ABOUT CE DELFT
In pursuit of tangible results, dedication and effort are never in short supply. Established in 1978 as a not-for-profit organisation, CE Delft remains financially independent and unsubsidised to this day. A wide range of clients – government, industry and NGOs, Dutch as well as international – have already found their way to CE Delft. REPORTS - CE DELFT - EN Fleet-level compliance with the CII Regulation. Measures to reduce cremation-oven gas consumption. Insights for crematoriums. Funding available for ambitious climate target. Review of funds for climate investments available to the next Dutch government. INTERNALISING THE CLIMATE COSTS OF EUROPEAN AVIATION The conclusion of this study is that until 2050, the total prevention costs will be lower than the damage costs of CO2 emissions (without a transition to Sustainable Aviation Fuels). This is the case for a transition to biofuels until 2032 and e-fuels from that year on. To enable this transition, a carbon price of 200 euros per ton in 2025 and 60-240 euros per ton in 2050 is needed. AVIATION STANDS TO BENEFIT FROM A RAPID SWITCH TO Aviation stands to benefit from a rapid switch to sustainable fuels. The cost of climate damage due to the use of fossil fuels in aviation in Europe through to 2050 outstrips the cost of a rapid switch to sustainable fuels. Mandatory use of sustainable aviation fuels and a ADDITIONAL PROFITS FROM THE EU ETS 3 types of additional profits investigated 1. Profits from overallocation (companies getting more free allowances than needed) 2. Profits from using international credits instead of EUAs for compliance 3. Profits from passing through the carbon costs of freely obtained allowances into product prices Total additional profits is the sum of these three categories ADDITIONAL PROFITS OF SECTORS AND FIRMS FROM THE EU ETS 2 200402 - Additional profits of sectors and firms from the EU ETS – May 2021 Content Summary 4 1 Introduction 6 1.1 Background 6 1.2Objective 7
CASCADING OF BIOMASS13 SOLUTIONS FOR A SUSTAINABLE BIO Smarter and more efficient use of biomass – referred to as ‘cascading’ – can lead to an almost 30% reduction in European greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 compared with 2010. As the study ‘Cascading of Biomass, 13 Solutions for a Sustainable Bio-based Economy’ makes clear, cascading of woody biomass, agricultural and industrial residues and other INDIRECT AND DIRECT CO2 EMISSIONS OF ELECTRIC CARS Indirect and direct CO2 emissions of electric cars. This report compares the greenhouse gas emissions of conventional passenger cars and electric and semi-electric cars based on the current literature. Emissions are calculated over the entire vehicle lifecycle, making a transparent distinction between direct and indirect emissions. LCA OF CULTIVATED MEAT 6 190107 - LCA of cultivated meat – February 2021 Figure 3 – Carbon footprint of CM and conventional protein products (ambitious benchmark + global average based on Poore and Nemecek 2018) * Intensive, West-European, circular agriculture with LUC-free soy. ENVIRONMENTAL PRICES HANDBOOK 3 October 2018 7.N54 – Environmental Prices Handbook 6 Valuation of midpoint impacts 86 6.1 Introduction and general methodology 86 6.2 Ozone depletion 87 6.3 Climate change 89 HOME - CE DELFT - ENABOUT CE DELFTTOPICSEXPERTISEPUBLICATIONSPRODUCTSCLIENTS Solid knowledge of sustainability. Through its independent research and consultancy CE Delft is helping build a sustainable world, leading the field when it comes to energy, transport and resource issues. With our economic, technological and policy expertise we help government agencies, NGOs and industries achieve structural change. TEA OF CULTIVATED MEAT $1,707 3 190254 - TEA of cultivated meat – February 2021 Summary In this report1, we make a Techno-Economic Analysis for the production of cultivated meat (CM) at industrial scale, in the 2030’s. We first develop a model for the Cost of Goods Sold HANDBOOK ON THE EXTERNAL COSTS OF TRANSPORT The 2019 version of the Handbook is an update of the 2008 and 2014 versions. Any new evidence that has become available on the methods and input values for estimating external costs of transport in research and policy since 2014 has been taken into account. The Handbook provides methodologies and figures for all main externalcosts of transport
BIOBASED PLASTICS IN A CIRCULAR ECONOMY Biobased plastics can contribute to lowering greenhouse gas emissions and the demand for fossil resources, when substituted for the fossil counterparts. They do, however, require the use of natural resources (e.g. land, water). Therefore, CE Delft recommends sustainability criteria as a prerequisite for all policy regarding biobased plastics. LCA OF CULTIVATED MEAT 6 190107 - LCA of cultivated meat – February 2021 Figure 3 – Carbon footprint of CM and conventional protein products (ambitious benchmark + global average based on Poore and Nemecek 2018) * Intensive, West-European, circular agriculture with LUC-free soy. THE TRUE PRICE OF MEAT These figures were calculated by CE Delft in its report “The true price of meat”. In the Netherlands the biggest impact of meat production is the negative impact of ammonia on air quality. In this country the total annual damage associated with meat consumption amounts to 4.5 billion Euro.DIEDERIK JASPERS
Diederik Jaspers. Diederik Jaspers graduated as a chemical engineer from Delft Technological University, where he specialised in Inorganic Chemistry with a focus on energy and the environment. He is also schooled in business economics, having attained an MBA at Erasmus University, Rotterdam. Diederik has over 20 years' experience inenergy
STUDY ON THE ANALYSIS OF MARKET POTENTIALS AND MARKET CE Delft is een onafhankelijk onderzoeks- en adviesbureau, al 40 jaar gespecialiseerd in het ontwikkelen van innovatieve oplossingen van milieu- en duurzaamheidsvraagstukken. END-OF-LIFE BEST APPROACH FOR ALLOCATING RECYCLING IN LCAS End-of-life best approach for allocating recycling in LCAs of metal packaging. In life cycle assessments (LCA) involving materials recycling a method must be chosen for allocating processes and avoided emissions that is in line with the LCA’s goal and scope definition. This choice has a major influence on the results of the LCA for the LCA OF THERMAL CONVERSION OF POULTRY LITTER AT BMC LCA study. The LCA study shows that all the routes with power generation have environmental benefits. The processing routes with the least environmental impact are: 1. Thermal conversion at the BMC Moerdijk plant. 2. Co-firing in a wood-fired biomass power plant. 3. Thermal conversion on a poultry farm. HOME - CE DELFT - ENABOUT CE DELFTTOPICSEXPERTISEPUBLICATIONSPRODUCTSCLIENTS Solid knowledge of sustainability. Through its independent research and consultancy CE Delft is helping build a sustainable world, leading the field when it comes to energy, transport and resource issues. With our economic, technological and policy expertise we help government agencies, NGOs and industries achieve structural change. TEA OF CULTIVATED MEAT $1,707 3 190254 - TEA of cultivated meat – February 2021 Summary In this report1, we make a Techno-Economic Analysis for the production of cultivated meat (CM) at industrial scale, in the 2030’s. We first develop a model for the Cost of Goods Sold HANDBOOK ON THE EXTERNAL COSTS OF TRANSPORT The 2019 version of the Handbook is an update of the 2008 and 2014 versions. Any new evidence that has become available on the methods and input values for estimating external costs of transport in research and policy since 2014 has been taken into account. The Handbook provides methodologies and figures for all main externalcosts of transport
BIOBASED PLASTICS IN A CIRCULAR ECONOMY Biobased plastics can contribute to lowering greenhouse gas emissions and the demand for fossil resources, when substituted for the fossil counterparts. They do, however, require the use of natural resources (e.g. land, water). Therefore, CE Delft recommends sustainability criteria as a prerequisite for all policy regarding biobased plastics. LCA OF CULTIVATED MEAT 6 190107 - LCA of cultivated meat – February 2021 Figure 3 – Carbon footprint of CM and conventional protein products (ambitious benchmark + global average based on Poore and Nemecek 2018) * Intensive, West-European, circular agriculture with LUC-free soy. THE TRUE PRICE OF MEAT These figures were calculated by CE Delft in its report “The true price of meat”. In the Netherlands the biggest impact of meat production is the negative impact of ammonia on air quality. In this country the total annual damage associated with meat consumption amounts to 4.5 billion Euro.DIEDERIK JASPERS
Diederik Jaspers. Diederik Jaspers graduated as a chemical engineer from Delft Technological University, where he specialised in Inorganic Chemistry with a focus on energy and the environment. He is also schooled in business economics, having attained an MBA at Erasmus University, Rotterdam. Diederik has over 20 years' experience inenergy
STUDY ON THE ANALYSIS OF MARKET POTENTIALS AND MARKET CE Delft is een onafhankelijk onderzoeks- en adviesbureau, al 40 jaar gespecialiseerd in het ontwikkelen van innovatieve oplossingen van milieu- en duurzaamheidsvraagstukken. END-OF-LIFE BEST APPROACH FOR ALLOCATING RECYCLING IN LCAS End-of-life best approach for allocating recycling in LCAs of metal packaging. In life cycle assessments (LCA) involving materials recycling a method must be chosen for allocating processes and avoided emissions that is in line with the LCA’s goal and scope definition. This choice has a major influence on the results of the LCA for the LCA OF THERMAL CONVERSION OF POULTRY LITTER AT BMC LCA study. The LCA study shows that all the routes with power generation have environmental benefits. The processing routes with the least environmental impact are: 1. Thermal conversion at the BMC Moerdijk plant. 2. Co-firing in a wood-fired biomass power plant. 3. Thermal conversion on a poultry farm.ABOUT CE DELFT
In pursuit of tangible results, dedication and effort are never in short supply. Established in 1978 as a not-for-profit organisation, CE Delft remains financially independent and unsubsidised to this day. A wide range of clients – government, industry and NGOs, Dutch as well as international – have already found their way to CE Delft. REPORTS - CE DELFT - EN Fleet-level compliance with the CII Regulation. Measures to reduce cremation-oven gas consumption. Insights for crematoriums. Funding available for ambitious climate target. Review of funds for climate investments available to the next Dutch government. INTERNALISING THE CLIMATE COSTS OF EUROPEAN AVIATION The conclusion of this study is that until 2050, the total prevention costs will be lower than the damage costs of CO2 emissions (without a transition to Sustainable Aviation Fuels). This is the case for a transition to biofuels until 2032 and e-fuels from that year on. To enable this transition, a carbon price of 200 euros per ton in 2025 and 60-240 euros per ton in 2050 is needed. AVIATION STANDS TO BENEFIT FROM A RAPID SWITCH TO Aviation stands to benefit from a rapid switch to sustainable fuels. The cost of climate damage due to the use of fossil fuels in aviation in Europe through to 2050 outstrips the cost of a rapid switch to sustainable fuels. Mandatory use of sustainable aviation fuels and a ADDITIONAL PROFITS FROM THE EU ETS 3 types of additional profits investigated 1. Profits from overallocation (companies getting more free allowances than needed) 2. Profits from using international credits instead of EUAs for compliance 3. Profits from passing through the carbon costs of freely obtained allowances into product prices Total additional profits is the sum of these three categories ADDITIONAL PROFITS OF SECTORS AND FIRMS FROM THE EU ETS 2 200402 - Additional profits of sectors and firms from the EU ETS – May 2021 Content Summary 4 1 Introduction 6 1.1 Background 6 1.2Objective 7
CASCADING OF BIOMASS13 SOLUTIONS FOR A SUSTAINABLE BIO Smarter and more efficient use of biomass – referred to as ‘cascading’ – can lead to an almost 30% reduction in European greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 compared with 2010. As the study ‘Cascading of Biomass, 13 Solutions for a Sustainable Bio-based Economy’ makes clear, cascading of woody biomass, agricultural and industrial residues and other INDIRECT AND DIRECT CO2 EMISSIONS OF ELECTRIC CARS Indirect and direct CO2 emissions of electric cars. This report compares the greenhouse gas emissions of conventional passenger cars and electric and semi-electric cars based on the current literature. Emissions are calculated over the entire vehicle lifecycle, making a transparent distinction between direct and indirect emissions. LCA OF CULTIVATED MEAT 6 190107 - LCA of cultivated meat – February 2021 Figure 3 – Carbon footprint of CM and conventional protein products (ambitious benchmark + global average based on Poore and Nemecek 2018) * Intensive, West-European, circular agriculture with LUC-free soy. ENVIRONMENTAL PRICES HANDBOOK 3 October 2018 7.N54 – Environmental Prices Handbook 6 Valuation of midpoint impacts 86 6.1 Introduction and general methodology 86 6.2 Ozone depletion 87 6.3 Climate change 89 HOME - CE DELFT - ENABOUT CE DELFTTOPICSEXPERTISEPUBLICATIONSPRODUCTSCLIENTS Through its independent research and consultancy CE Delft is helping build a sustainable world, leading the field when it comes to energy, transport and resource issues. FEASIBILITY STUDY INTO BLUE HYDROGEN CE Delft has conducted a study on the feasibility and sustainability of ‘blue’ hydrogen produced from natural gas with CCS. The study identifies the challenges in each process step and concludes that industrial-scale blue hydrogen production, transport and application is feasible in the Netherlands. Although additional research is required, these challenges are more modest than TEA OF CULTIVATED MEAT $1,707 3 190254 - TEA of cultivated meat – February 2021 Summary In this report1, we make a Techno-Economic Analysis for the production of cultivated meat (CM) at industrial scale, in the 2030’s. We first develop a model for the Cost of Goods Sold BIOBASED PLASTICS IN A CIRCULAR ECONOMY CE Delft is een onafhankelijk onderzoeks- en adviesbureau, al 40 jaar gespecialiseerd in het ontwikkelen van innovatieve oplossingen van milieu- en duurzaamheidsvraagstukken. HANDBOOK ON THE EXTERNAL COSTS OF TRANSPORT The Handbook on the external costs of transport presents the best practice on the methodology to estimate different categories of external costs of transport. Additionally, it provides an overview of state of the art input values (e.g. the value of time or the value of LCA OF CULTIVATED MEAT 6 190107 - LCA of cultivated meat – February 2021 Figure 3 – Carbon footprint of CM and conventional protein products (ambitious benchmark + global average based on Poore and Nemecek 2018) * Intensive, West-European, circular agriculture with LUC-free soy.SANDER DE BRUYN
Sander de Bruyn. Sander de Bruy n Environmental economics coordinator Expertise: Resource and materials policy; Cost-effectiveness computation Economic growth and scenario analysisJASPER FABER
Jasper Faber Aviation and maritime specialist | manager Mobility & Transport Expertise: Aviation and Maritime transport. My job is to analyse policy instruments for improving the environmental performance of aviation and maritime shipping. THE PO PRODUCTION CHAIN AND POSSIBILITIES FOR ENERGY 6 January 2012 2.232.3 – The PO production chain and possibilities for energy saving 1.3 Approach Each assessment started with the drawing of energy charts. An energy chart is an instrument to get insight in the combined energy and mass flows in the LCA OF THERMAL CONVERSION OF POULTRY LITTER AT BMC There are a range of options available for processing poultry litter. In the Netherlands over one-third is currently burned in the incinerator operated by BMC Moerdijk to generate electricity, with the ash being used as a fertilizer substitute. HOME - CE DELFT - ENABOUT CE DELFTTOPICSEXPERTISEPUBLICATIONSPRODUCTSCLIENTS Through its independent research and consultancy CE Delft is helping build a sustainable world, leading the field when it comes to energy, transport and resource issues. FEASIBILITY STUDY INTO BLUE HYDROGEN CE Delft has conducted a study on the feasibility and sustainability of ‘blue’ hydrogen produced from natural gas with CCS. The study identifies the challenges in each process step and concludes that industrial-scale blue hydrogen production, transport and application is feasible in the Netherlands. Although additional research is required, these challenges are more modest than TEA OF CULTIVATED MEAT $1,707 3 190254 - TEA of cultivated meat – February 2021 Summary In this report1, we make a Techno-Economic Analysis for the production of cultivated meat (CM) at industrial scale, in the 2030’s. We first develop a model for the Cost of Goods Sold BIOBASED PLASTICS IN A CIRCULAR ECONOMY CE Delft is een onafhankelijk onderzoeks- en adviesbureau, al 40 jaar gespecialiseerd in het ontwikkelen van innovatieve oplossingen van milieu- en duurzaamheidsvraagstukken. HANDBOOK ON THE EXTERNAL COSTS OF TRANSPORT The Handbook on the external costs of transport presents the best practice on the methodology to estimate different categories of external costs of transport. Additionally, it provides an overview of state of the art input values (e.g. the value of time or the value of LCA OF CULTIVATED MEAT 6 190107 - LCA of cultivated meat – February 2021 Figure 3 – Carbon footprint of CM and conventional protein products (ambitious benchmark + global average based on Poore and Nemecek 2018) * Intensive, West-European, circular agriculture with LUC-free soy.SANDER DE BRUYN
Sander de Bruyn. Sander de Bruy n Environmental economics coordinator Expertise: Resource and materials policy; Cost-effectiveness computation Economic growth and scenario analysisJASPER FABER
Jasper Faber Aviation and maritime specialist | manager Mobility & Transport Expertise: Aviation and Maritime transport. My job is to analyse policy instruments for improving the environmental performance of aviation and maritime shipping. THE PO PRODUCTION CHAIN AND POSSIBILITIES FOR ENERGY 6 January 2012 2.232.3 – The PO production chain and possibilities for energy saving 1.3 Approach Each assessment started with the drawing of energy charts. An energy chart is an instrument to get insight in the combined energy and mass flows in the LCA OF THERMAL CONVERSION OF POULTRY LITTER AT BMC There are a range of options available for processing poultry litter. In the Netherlands over one-third is currently burned in the incinerator operated by BMC Moerdijk to generate electricity, with the ash being used as a fertilizer substitute. NEWS - CE DELFT - EN In pursuing our mission we often seek publicity – or publicity seeks us. Studies carried out by CE Delft for third parties are regularly covered in the media. Wherever possible we make our ideas available to a wider public, to contribute to the public debate.. For press briefings and any questions you may have, please contact Han Schouten, CE Delft public relations officer on +31 6 5189 3057 REPORTS - CE DELFT - EN Bekijk onze 1000 rapporten. Comparison of CO2 and air pollutant emissions of MARPOL Annex VI compliance options in 2020 CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES IN CITY Presentation Charging infrastructure for electric vehicles in city logistics. Getting zero-emission trucks on the road ENERGY-INTENSIVE INDUSTRIES. CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES In March 2020, the European Commission presented its proposal for “A New Industrial Strategy for Europe”. This document underpins the important role of industry in the transition to LCA OF CULTIVATED MEAT 6 190107 - LCA of cultivated meat – February 2021 Figure 3 – Carbon footprint of CM and conventional protein products (ambitious benchmark + global average based on Poore and Nemecek 2018) * Intensive, West-European, circular agriculture with LUC-free soy. CASCADING OF BIOMASS13 SOLUTIONS FOR A SUSTAINABLE BIO Smarter and more efficient use of biomass – referred to as ‘cascading’ – can lead to an almost 30% reduction in European greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 compared with 2010. As the study ‘Cascading of Biomass, 13 Solutions for a Sustainable Bio-based Economy’ makes clear, cascading of woody biomass, agricultural and industrial residues and other INDIRECT AND DIRECT CO2 EMISSIONS OF ELECTRIC CARS This report compares the greenhouse gas emissions of conventional passenger cars and electric and semi-electric cars based on the current literature. Emissions are calculated over the entire vehicle lifecycle, making a transparent distinction between direct and indirect emissions. From this information, conclusions are drawn about the lifecycle CO2 emissions of electric and semi-electric CE DELFT 2P22 EXPLORATION CHEMICAL RECYCLING EXTENDED SUMMARY 2 2P22 - Exploration chemical recycling – Extended summary – January 2020 Background This document presents an extended summary of the (Dutch) report ‘Verkenning chemische recycling; Hoe groot zijn – en worden – de kansen voor klimaatbeleid?’, prepared for the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy in 2018. TRANSPORT TAXES AND CHARGES IN EUROPE This study provides a complete overview of all transport taxes and charges levied on the various transport modes in all EU Member States (+ Norway, Switzerland, Japan, the US states California and Missouri, and the Canadian provinces Alberta and British Columbia) in 2016. Information on both the structure and level of transport taxes andcharges
THE PO PRODUCTION CHAIN AND POSSIBILITIES FOR ENERGY 6 January 2012 2.232.3 – The PO production chain and possibilities for energy saving 1.3 Approach Each assessment started with the drawing of energy charts. An energy chart is an instrument to get insight in the combined energy and mass flows in theTo main content [/
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